DAILY DIGEST APR 30 1951

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP79T01146A000200030001-7
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: T
• Document Page Count: 13
• Document Creation Date: December 12, 2016
• Document Release Date: July 24, 2002
• Sequence Number: 1
• Publication Date: April 30, 1951
• Content Type: REPORT

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COPY NO. 39
CENTRAL IN"'LLLJ GENC); AGrIvUY
OFFICE OF CURRENT INTELLIGENCE
Date: APR 3..95j.,_.
NOTE: 1. This summary of significant reports has been
prepared primarily for the internal use of the
Office of Current Intelligence. it does nol.
represent a complete coverage of all current
report4 in CIA or in the Office of Current
Intelligence.
2. Comments represent the vreliminary views of
the Office of Current intelligence.
3. Marginal letter indications are defined as
follows:
"A" - items indicating Soviet-Communist
intentions or capabilities
"B" - important regional developments
not necessarily related to Soviet/
Communist intentions or capabilities
"C" - other information indicating trends
and potential developments
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SECTION I. (SOVIET)
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who crossed the Turkish border in January 1951 states that on approac ng
his village in March 1950 he was stopped by two men, armed with sub-machine
guns, who invited him to join a subversive group "to fight Communists." He
also said that he later learned from his father that about 40 well-armed
EASTERN EUROPE, BULGARIA, Internal Resistance Grou Reported,
peasants from villages near Belene (northeastern Bulgaria) were operating
with the support of other peasants and had killed a number of Communist
25X1 officials, COMMENT.- Although no
firm evidence of the existence of organized resistance bands in Bulgaria
has been received recently, Yugoslav propaganda alleges that Bulgarian
peasants are fleeing to the mountains to escape the arbitrary collectivi-
zation measures and that Bulgarian army deserters are escaping to the
mountains near Sliven,
"C" UN Receives charges of Hostile Western Povocataons. For the second
time within a month Bulgaria has filed a formal protest with the UN.
Secretariat charging hostile Greek provocations against Bulgaria. While
the first protest of border violations was leveled only against the Greek
Government, the second flatly alleged that the United States and Great
Britain through their agencies in Greece directly sponsored, trained and
equipped espionage agents who were returned to Bulgaria in the fall of
194.9 and captured by Bulgarian authorities. The protest is based upon
the trial of these alleged agents held in Sofia this month, which resulted
in the death penalty for two of the defendants 25X1
"C" FINLAND. Communists Threaten I~plearz~er O e O Information contained
in a VOA listeners letter from Finnish Iappland indicates that local
Communist leaders may be preventing the population from listening to VOA
broadcasts. The local Communist leaders a're apparently warning the
La land population that listening to VOA is an act hostile to the USSR.-
25X1 COMMENT.- This is the first
report o this nature concerning the recently inaugurated VOA program to
Finland. Finnish Lappland has been subjected to intensive Communist at-
tention, and some of the Party?s recent membership gains have occurred in
the area. Finnish governmental authority in the region is tenuous,
"B" POLAND. Bierut Visit to Berlin Viewed as Sig_n.ificant. The recent state
visit of Polish President Bierut to Eastern Germany may have had specific
objectives in addition to promoting Polish-German friendship. The US
Embassy Warsaw suggests that the ceremonial visit was made to soothe
Polish apprehensions in connection with the rumored activation of twenty-
five divisions by the GDR. Bierut was accompanied by the influential
Under-Secretary of State Berman and by Minister of Finance Dambrowski.
5X1 COMMENT.- There is frequent evidence that
the basic antipa o the Polish and East German populations for one
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another remains undiminished despite the efforts of their 7Communist leaders.
The structure and top-heavy personnel composition of the East German Alert
Police units could permit them to expand, although the anneal size of the
enlarged units is not known.
POLAND. atican Rumored to Have Accepted Staters Reor nization of Church,
US Embassy Warsaw reports that according to rumors from Rome, the Vatican
has agreed to accept the ecclesiastical reorganization by the Polish
Government of the former German territories now under Polish administration.
Last January the Polish Government preemptorily ousted the temporary Vatican
approved administrators for the dioceses in the former German territories,
and appointed individuals subservient to the government. According to the
same reports, the Vatican will refuse further concessions such as a oint- 25X1
ment of permanent bishops to the dioceses in question.
COMMENT: Polish Catholic Primate Wyszynski is visiting the Vatican,
with the sanction of the Polish Government, for the purpose of obtaining
Vatican approval of the State's reorganization of the diocesan administra-
tion. Wpszynski approved the governmental changes in January without prior
consultation with the Vatican. If the rumors are correct, the recent Vatican
concession is significant. However, there have been no indications that the
Vatican is willing to change its position of not formally recognizing the
Polish "recovered territories.n
YUGOSLAVIA Raw Material Shortages Causing Industrial St~raoes All
cotton mills in Croatia and Slovenia representing 77% of Yugoslav capacity
are closed as a..result of a critical cotton and coke shortage. Cotton.
mills in Serbia will also be forced to close by 5 May unless Greek cotton,
for which Yugoslavia is currently negotiating, can be procured immediately.
A Yugoslav official has stressed the importance of settling promptly all
questions between the US and Yugoslavia regarding the recent US grant of
$29,000,000 for industrial raw materials and has presented a list of needed
commodities totaling $27,096,000. Many of the items on the list are avail- 25X1
n Western Europe and the Near East.
COMMEN The Yugoslavs are critically s or n co on, co e,
n us r a fats, newsprint, industrial chemicals and pharmaceuticals. The
recent US and UK grants of $29,000,000 and 1,000,000 pounds sterling re-
spectively were made to solve temporarily these critical shortages.
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SECTION 2 (EASTERN)
"B" IRAN. Mossadeg Named Premier Following Parliamentary iLte Expropriatin
recommendation of the Lower House and the Senate., the Shah appointed Dr.
Mohammed Mossadeq as Iran's new Premier. Mossadeq, National Front, leader,
,: started immediately (29 April) to form a cabinet and draft a arty program.
Mossadeq's first official act was to instruct the police not to publish a
planned decree banning May Da demonstrations, 25X1
5X1 COMMENT.- Mossadeq's appointment, as
Premier illustrates the strength of the move to nationalize Iran's oil.
As Premier he gives little promise of bringing stability to Iran. He will
not have the Shah's support and it is doubtful that he can retain Majlis
support for long.- He himself is an impractical idealist. 'While he is
reportedly not opposed to the employment of foreigners to assist Iran in
managing its oil industry, he has been one of the leaders in the recent
drive to force the immediate nationalization of the Anglo-Iraiian Oil
Company. Mossadeq's willingness to permit demonstrations on May Day is
indicative of his rather unrealistic political philosophy. Unless he
changes, radically,., it is difficult to see how further deterioration of
Iran's already critical economic situation can be avoided.
"B" NEAR EAST. Conference in Beirut of French Diplomatic Chiefs in the Near
East Area. According to US Minister ?erton in Beirut., the French diplo-
matic chiefs at t he second Near East regional confer. ence2 Vriiich opened in
Beirut on 23 April., have been reviewing the general problems of the area.
The French Ambassador to Cairo, M. de Murville, who is chairman of the
Beirut conference, has publicly stated to the press that France is primarily
interested in the defense of the Near East. Ambassador de M r rille indicated
that the conference would discuss the political strate is commercial and' 25X1
cultural aspects of the area problems.
25X1 COMMENT: France has been striving regain its
prewar position in the ear East, particularly in Syria and Lebanon, Arab
reaction to the recent Moroccan incidents and to French policies in North
Africa generally have made this aim more difficult to achieve. The con-
centration of the discussions on defense issues may be the result of French
ire at being excluded from the recent US-UK strategic talks at Malta, The
Beirut meetings will probably attempt to improve and coordinate French tac-
tics in the area, particularly those which would strengthen an. independent
Syria and forestall any union of Syria with Iraq and/or Jordan,
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"B" AUSTRALIA. Liberal-Country Party Returned in House but Split Senate Indicated.
The Liberal-Country coalition Government was returned to power in the House
by the 28 April election, but indications are that the Senate will be evenly
divided with the Labor Party. The Government will have a House majority
of 11 - 17 seats in comparison with its previous 27--vote margin. Three
House seats are still in doubt. Senate votes are counted under'a compli-
cated proportional representation system and the outcome in the upper house
may not be known for three weeks. The Communists failed to win a single
seat in either house and a eared to be getting only about 2% of the total
vote. COM ENT: Election results thus far indicate
the Australian vo er was more attracted by Labor?s social welfare program
and promises to halt inflation than by the Government's anti-Communist and
preparedness efforts.
"C" BURMA. Workers and Peasants Party Accused of Communist T. U Kvaw Nyein,
a Burmese cabinet member and prominent Socialist leader publicly Pccused
the Burma Workers and Peasants Party (BWFP) of being in league with insur-
gent Communists, citing as evidence a local Communist broadcast calling on
the Burmese people to vote for the BVWPP in the coming elections. Mean-
while, it is reported that Burma"s two Communist parties, which have been
fighting each other for almost four years, are planning to hold a conference
25X1 in the next few weeks at which the BWPP will also be represented. II 25X1
COMMENT: Kyaw Nyeinas outburst is the first public
intimation or - aison. Kyaw Nyein probably had more definite
evidence than a Communist broadcast to support his statement, and it indi-
cates that the Burmese Government is keeping the BWPP under close surveil-
lance. A Communist conference, including the BVWPP, is the logical outcome
of reports indicating that the Chinese Communists desire a single Communist
party in Burma to deal with before committing themselves to determined
intervention in Burmese affairs.
"C" CHINA. Anti-Communist Activity in Central-South Area. The Peiping regime
admits in a published report that 5,000 of its cadres were killed during
"remnant" anti-Communist forces in the Central-South area. I 25X1
COMMENT: The report concedes that the
'"remnant" forces are in fact "very great." There are an estimated 250-
300,000 anti-Communist guerrillas still active in the Central-South area,
as well as hundreds of thousands of "counter-revolutionaries," and the
Peiping regime may be expected to lose a few thousand more of its func-
tionaries in the area during 1951.
a copy of a 10 January directive, from the CCP
Central Committee to the Party HQ in Kwangtung, calling for a purge of
the provincial administration and Party in January and February. The
directive, noting that most of the Nationalist administrative apparatus
had been retained by the Communists in Kwangtung as elsewhere, instructed
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the Party HQ to replace the bulk of these ex-Nationalist functionaries
with "the Party's loyal cadres" and to reindoctrinate the remainder judged
fit for retention. The document also directed the Party apparatus in
Kwangtung--which has the "worst record as far as national Party disci line
concerned"--to resume its 'Disciplinary Readjustment' program. 25X1
25X1 COMMENTS The document appears au hen-
tic. has long been known a e Communists would replace Nationalist
personnel with their own cadres as rapidly as feasible; this program.. has
probably been accelerated by the "suppression of counter-revolutionaries
campaign" now in process throughout China. It is also likely that the
administrative and Party apparatus in Kwangtung are being especially hard
hit by current security operations, as there is ample evidence that that
province has offered greater resistance to Communist control than any other.
"C" 25X1 C Delivery of Railroad Rolling Stock to Korea. 25X1 C
the Chinese Communist Ministry of Railways 25X1 C
,4 locomotives and 250 freight cars to Korea
25X1 C planned to dispatch 1-4,
hina
- - - r - -
25X1 A - - -
CCIiMENTs Previous reports have indicated
that military requirements for railroad transportation in Manchuria
preclude sending railway equipment out of that area, although transfer of
some rolling stock from China Proper is considered possible. As Korean
rolling stock suffers damage or destruction by UN aircraft, replacement
from China's railroads, which run on the some standard gauge as Korean
railroads, can be made more rapidly than from the USSR, which uses broad
gauge rolling stock.
"A" KOREA. Communist May be Saving Their AArm for Strategies Reasons. The
Intelligence Staff of the US Far Eastern Command, speculating on the
"enemy's ^urprising failure to utilize his air arm in coordination with
the current ground offensive", believes that, while intensive UN bombing
of North Korean airfields and adverse weather conditions may have in-
fluenced the enemy's decision, the present enemy air inactivity could be
a "deliberate stand-down for mechanical preparation". If this be the
case, the enemy may be readying his air arm for "commitment when the for-
ward drive of his present ground offensive fails" or for employment "in
defense of supply lines as they are automatically extended, and thus
countering wL.at in past has proved his foremost vulnerability". 25X1
25X1 COMMENTS Less than 50 Sovie-pe
MIG jet aircra were encountered over northwestern Korea during the period
of the current Communist offensive. Large-scale enemy air operations over
North Korea in defense of lengthened Communist supply lines would serve
the dual purpose of protecting the identity of the enemy's pilot personnel
and of partially covering one of the enemy's greatest strategic weaknesses -
his unprotected, extended lines of communication.
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"A" KOREA. Current Lack of Communist Agressiveness Deeepti ea The Intelligence
Staff of the US Far Eastern Command in an estimate of the enemy's capa-
bilities warns that the enemy's "quiescent attitude" of the pest 48 hours
"must not be construed as an indication he has spent his offers ve effort".
The estimate continues to say that all evidence points to an early re-
sumption of the offensive and offers the extremely heavy southward vehicular
movement in the enemy 's rear as an indication of such inter_tionso 125X1
5X1 COP ?ENT?ENT. Experience gained in the ace
of previous such ommunis o ensives in Korea indicate that rapid UN
disengagement and withdrawal nullifies the enemy's weight of infantry
manpower and forces him to regroup his forces before again continuing the
offensives
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SECTION 3 (ullES'TMN)
25X6
"B" FRANCE. Pleven Demands Immediate Popular Vote on Present Foreign Policy.
Vice emier Pleven declared unofficially yesterday that Prance can
no longer delay a clear popular pronouncement for or against the present
foreign policy. He added that the "key issue" in the forthcoming elec-
tions will be: 1) the government's program of collective security;
2) solidarity with the US and UK; and 3) unification of Europe. T 1earl-
while, according to US Embassy Paris, as long as electoral reform
(narrowly defeated in the Assembly on 27 April) has a chance of passage
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this spring, the Queuille Government can be expe(,,+.ed to remain in office,
5X1 COINT
Previous overnmen demands or early elections 1 .ave een aseoprin--
cipally on the urgent need of a new Assembly for adoption of an adequate
anti-inflation program. Pleven's statement, however, calling for a
showdown on the more fundamental program of support for the West is
far more dangerous politically for the middle--of-the-road coalition
parties-because their emphasis on this controversial policy will give
the Communists a greater electoral advantage.
"C" SPAIN. Police Adopt Extraordinary Precautions for Ma Da . According
to press reports, Spanish police in Barcelona, Billbao, Oviedo and
Malaga have been reinforced as a precaution against possible May Day
demonstrations in those cities. Leaflets calling for May Dar demonstra-
tions have been distributed in Barcelona, Bilbao and Ma aga.
25X1 C
1 bAll: sque Nationalist leaders called the Bilbao
general strike of 22-23 April in order to insure their control of the
situation in the area and to forestall a possible CorumanistLled strike
25X1 A on 1 Mao 25X1
5X1 COI+..SENT s Leaders of. the c'la.n es-
ine no ommunis oppose io o 1 pro ably make every effort
to prevent May Day workers' demonstrations, as the occurrence of such
demonstrations would lend weight to the government's efforts to con-
vince foreign and domestic opinion that the Bilbao-and Barcelona
strikes were the work of Communist agitators.
"C" DENMARK. Permission for World Peace Council to Hold Copenhagen Meeting
MEFed. The Danish Government's decision to permit the 5--9 May
meeting of the Executive Committee of the World Peace Council in
Copenhagen was taken after full discussion by the Cabinet. Confronted
with pointed inquiries by the US and UK embassies, the Danish Govern-
ment informally explained its decision on the ground that the meeting
involves only a brief business session without any particular propaganda
25X1 goal. COI4 LENT: Although the meeting
is expected to include less an people, it is hardly likely that
the Danish Government actually believes that the occasion will be
devoid of propaganda value. The government's decision is to be attri-
buted rather to the Danes' sensitiveness about their exposed geographical
position and their consequent desire to avoid anything which they con-
sider likely to increase tension between the East and the West by un-
necessarily irritating the USSR and its satellites in secondary matters.
There is no indication that the government would allow the World Peace
Council to establish permanent headquarters in Copenhagen.
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"C" IRELAND. Threat to Governmental Coalition Grows. The presentation
of the budget on 2 May will occasion a tes of the coalition government's
continued ability to command a majority, despite recent defections.
The stand of the 17 independent deputies in the 141-member Parliament
will be decisive. Prime Minister Costello has made it known that if
he does not receive assurance of the support of enough independents to
produce a majority he will ask for a dissolution 'Which would cause a
general election. 25X1
CO142DMT : The government, roug ou its tenure o over three years has
ecepend d upon substantial independent support, as well as upon the
cohesion of several politically diverse parties. During most of 1950
its parliamentary position was relatively strong, but in the fall it
suffered several defections of independent deputies, and it has most
recently been shaken by the resignation of the Minister of Health under
controversy-provoking circumstances. The threat of an upset to the
government, always present, is thus greater now than at any time since
the fall of 1949. The policy questions involved are essentially of
a domestic nature, and a change of government at this time would be
unlikely to alter Ireland's neutrality policy in any significant way.
CHILE. Communist May Day Demonstration Planned. The Minister of
Interior as granted permission to the Communist Labor Confederation
to hold a May Day demonstration, but has prohibited parading through
the center of Santiago. The demonstration will call for unification
of labor in one central organization and salary readjustments in
accordance with the increase in the cDst of living. Protest will be
made against price increases, speculation, the Defense of Democracy
Law, and "war pacts". President Gonzalez Videla stated that he had
received reports of a plan designed to create violence.
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on 7 COIvNT: Communist
activity ay Day is avore y e pre-e ec ionyear political
atmosphere, (2) recent better organized Communist overt operations
(3) labor unrest--particularly, in the copper industry and the American-
owned Chilean Electric Company in Santiago and Valparaiso, (1.) continu-
ing cost of living increases, and (5) an undercurrent of anti-US feeling
in Chile. Astute maneuvering by Communists through the recently estab-
lished "Committee to Oppose Price Increase,4'has whipped up considerable
support for the demonstration. The government's proclamation of a state
of emergency in Santiago and Valparaiso as a result of a strike by ?
electric company employees and the alerting of troops will militate
against the success. of attempted violence on May Day.
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CENTBAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
DAILY DIGEST SENT
APR 3 0 1951
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