THE STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF MULTILATERAL AID INSTITUTIONS

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP79T01098A000500080001-3
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 42
• Document Creation Date: November 16, 2016
• Document Release Date: March 2, 2000
• Sequence Number: 1
• Publication Date: June 1, 1975
• Content Type: REPORT

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For Official Use Only
The Structure and Function
of Multilateral Aid Institutions
ER RP 75-17
June 1975
Copy N2 259
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FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
Foreword
This publication is intended to serve as a general reference on multilateral
assistance to the LDCs: the institutions involved, their purpose, membership, and
funding. It also provides estimates of the amount of multilateral aid provided to
LDCs in 1974.
The data were derived from official sources, where available, and supplemented
by estimates that are conservative.
The Office of Economic Research has published other aid-related reports
dealing with multilateral and bilateral aid to LDCs.
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FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
Foreword
This publication is intended to serve as a general reference on multilateral
assistance to the LDCs: the institutions involved, their purpose, membership, and
funding. It also provides estimates of the amount of multilateral aid provided to
LDCs in 1974.
The data were derived from official sources, where available, and supplemented
by estimates that are conservative.
The Office of Economic Research has published other aid-related reports
dealing with multilateral and bilateral aid to LDCs.
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FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
STATI NTL
THE STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
OF MULTILATERAL AID INSTITUTIONS
KEY FINDINGS
1. There are now 14 major multilateral aid institutions dispensing aid to
less developed countries (LDCs). Some, such as the World Bank Group and the
International Monetary Fund (IMF), carry out worldwide operations. Others, such
as those sponsored by the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC),
operate exclusively within a selective regional or cultural framework (see the center-
fold).
? Multilateral institutions as a group committed about US $9 billion to
LDCs in 1974, an increase of nearly 60% from 1973. Disbursements
topped $4.5 billion.
? The World Bank Group remained the leading donor; the IMF Oil Facility,
funded primarily by OPEC, also made a major contribution.
? Non-project assistance to meet emergency needs of the LDCs formed
a large portion of multilateral aid ? $3 billion.
2. We foresee no further additions to the list of major multilateral
institutions for several years, although new aid outlets may develop within the
established structures. OPEC will continue to be a major source of funding for
these institutions. In the short run, emergency aid will continue to account for
a significant share of the total. We expect project aid gradually to return to
prominence, with the World Bank Group and IMF taking on increased
responsibilities for channeling assistance.
DISCUSSION
The Institutions
3. Multilateral assistance ? a direct outgrowth of post-World War II
international efforts to help reconstruct Europe's war-damaged economies ? has
developed into a complex of 14 major institutions plus their subsidiary agencies.
Note: Comments and queries regarding this publication are welcomed. They may
be directed to
Extension 5291.
of the Office of Economic Research, Code 143,
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These institutions provided some $9 billion (see Table 1) of aid to LDCsi in 1974,
accounting for about one-third of all official aid pledged.' Among them, UN
agencies, including the World Bank and International Monetary Fund, accounted
for more than two-thirds of the total, regional institutions about one-fifth, European
Community-sponsored institutions 7%, and the new Arab-sponsored agencies 4%.
This distribution follows roughly the pattern of recent years, except that regional
banks had smaller shares (see Table 2).
4. The World Bank (IBRD); its soft loan affiliate, the International
Development Agency (IDA); and the International Monetary Fund (IMF), which
provides 7-year credits through the new Oil Facility (see Table 3), are the major
sources of global multilateral financial assistance.3 Other agencies of the United
Nations also provide small amounts of technical, social, and commodity assistance
on a worldwide basis (see Table 4). As a group, these multilateral organizations
provided $6.2 billion worth of aid during 1974.
5. Regional aid institutions did not emerge until 1959 with the establishment
of the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB). Subsequently, regional
development banks have been established for all areas of the Third World (see
Tables 5a, b, and c). They include banks for Central America, Africa, Asia, and
most recently (in 1970) for the Caribbean. All of the regional banks emphasize
assistance for regional social and economic development programs, especially
multinational projects or projects of common concern. As a group, regional banks
committed $1.8 billion worth of aid during 1974.
6. The regional development bank concept follows a uniform pattern -- most
are modeled after the World Bank. Usually the regional banks have been funded
by capital subscriptions from developing nations, only part of which is paid in.
This capital is used as guarantee for bond issues floated in private capital markets.
Most of the banks also have established soft loan windows similar to that of the
IDA that are funded by developed nation sponsors and by a part of the income
from banking operations.
7. Beyond the two broad groupings ? those with global interests and those
confined to specific regional interests ? there is a growing number of multilateral
aid organizations bound together by mutual political, commercial, religious, or
1. The LDCs include all countries of Africa except the Republic of South Africa; all countries of East
Asia except Hong Kong and Japan; Malta, Portugal, Romania, Spain, and Yugoslavia in Europe; and all countries
in Latin America, the Near East, and South Asia.
2. Aid from governments and international bodies whose members are governments.
3. The International Finance Corporation (IFC), also a World Bank affiliate, is not included as an aid donor,
because it provides risk capital to private entities.
2
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cultural interests. Most important among these are the agencies associated with
the European Community (EC) and, more recently, with the Arab states (see
Tables 6 and 7a, b, and c). Together, such agencies accounted for about $1 billion
of aid in 1974. The EC has used the European Investment Bank (EIB), the European
Development Fund (EDF), and the Cheysson Fund for emergency aid to perpetuate
EC members' historic commercial ties with certain LDCs.
8. During 1974, special-interest aid outlets mushroomed under OPEC
sponsorship. Indeed, for a time it appeared that there would be as many new
multilateral OPEC-sponsored institutions as there were oil-exporting states, each
seeking to provide aid to LDCs with close ethnic, religious, or political ties.
Implementing the agreements was another story. Only three of the seven Arab
agencies that had been set up were actually in operation by the end of 1974.
Several special funds for African and Arab states and the Islamic Solidarity Fund
were relegated to the status of administrative units within established financial
organizations.
Performance in 1974
9. Multilateral aid pledged to LDCs in 1974 equaled $9 billion, $3.3 billion
above 1973. OPEC played a critical role in expanding multilateral aid activities,
accounting for roughly 45% of all the aid channeled through these institutions.
Influenced primarily by political considerations and high rates of return on secure
investments, OPEC channeled about 4% of its oil receipts to LDCs through
multilateral agencies. This included $2.1 billion of OPEC purchases of World Bank
bonds,' $1 billion for the IMF Oil Facility, $300 million to UN agencies, and
$350 million extended to LDCs directly by Arab multilateral organizations. An
additional $1 billion of OPEC funds was committed in capital subscriptions to
Arab institutions.
10. The World Bank Group, with commitments of $4.5 billion, continued
as the principal source of multilateral aid to LDCs in 1974. It was followed by
the regional bank groups that provided $1.8 billion and the IMF Oil Facility with
commitments of $1.2 billion. The EC channels provided $600 million. Arab
multilateral agencies, still neophytes in the aid business, extended about $350
million, all to Arab or African states.
11. During 1974, multilateral aid agencies disbursed about $4.5 billion, up
nearly 50% from 1973. A large share (40%) was provided for emergency assistance
4. Approximately $1.5 billion was actually transferred by the end of 1974.
3
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and came from the IMF Oil Facility, UN emergency operations, and those of the
European Community and Arab states. The remaining $2.7 billion was mostly
project aid, previously committed by development banks.
Characteristics of Multilateral Assistance
12. Multilateral aid has conventionally been intended to promote economic
development, primarily for infrastructure projects. Multilateral agencies have
concentrated their assistance on bankable projects ? i.e. projects able to pay the
rates charged by private capital markets. Institutions providing this kind of aid
and carrying the largest share of the aid burden (the World Bank and regional
banks) charge near the commercial interest rates. These ranged up to 8%-8-1/4%
in 1974. The credits allow 10-30 years for amortization. To accommodate equally
basic needs for poorer LDCs that cannot afford these terms, a soft loan window
has been established in most multilateral development banks. These windows usually
offer low-interest or interest-free loans and allow up to 50 years for repayment.
Eligibility for these soft loans usually requires some sort of poverty test such as
a low per capita income level. Still an important component of the aid total,
concessional lending fell to about 15% of total development aid in 1974, from
30% in 1973.
13. Most of the institutions provide technical assistance in order to assure
the implementation of their programs. Technical aid activities, nevertheless,
comprise less than 1% of the total outlays of these organizations. Most of the
agencies administer the UN technical assistance programs as well as their own.
Increasingly, they also are providing technical support for bilateral lending programs.
14. Inflation, accelerated by sharply increased prices for oil and food, created
urgent LDC demands for emergency balance-of-payments assistance in 1974. These
demands could not have been satisfied by the conventional multilateral
organizations. ?A few UN agencies were equipped to provide emergency funds, but
nowhere near the scale required. Only the creation of the IMF Oil Facility and
the burgeoning Arab multilateral aid organizations made it possible for increased
amounts of multilateral aid to reach the most seriously affected countries (MSAs),5
especially India, Pakistan, and Sahelian Africa. The new Arab facilities enhanced
the options of a number of African and Arab nations because of softer terms
and larger availabilities. In total, emergency resources in 1974 amounted to about
$1.8 billion. For the first time medium- and long-term balance-of-payments aid
5. Most seriously affected countries (MSAs) are defined by UN criteria to include low per capita income
(not exceeding $400), sharp increase in import costs of essentials relative to export earnings, high ratio of
debt service to export earnings, and low level of foreign exchange reserves to meet requirements.
4
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became an important aspect (20%) of multilateral assistance, although it was a
far smaller part of the aid total than development assistance.
Prospects
15. The proliferation of multilateral institutions will probably not continue,
although additional concessional aid outlets are planned within the global
institutions. OPEC will continue to be a major source of funding for multilateral
assistance through agencies created by its members and through such institutions
as the IBRD and IMF.
? OPEC funding of global aid institutions will provide the major oil
exporters with a sound investment and good return on their money.
? Assistance from OPEC multilateral institutions will tend to parallel aid
from established multilateral agencies.
? Reliance on established institutions for feasibility studies and technical
services will smooth the road for OPEC bilateral and multilateral aid
implementation.
16. The established multilateral agencies, particularly the IBRD and the IMF,
will take on increased responsibility for channeling aid. The World Bank is
considering a 52% expansion of its annual commitments during the next five years,
while the IMF Oil Facility is prepared to expand significantly its assistance in 1975,
the last year of its existence. In addition, new aid channels are being considered,
especially a Special Trust Fund within the IMF for long-range balance-of-payments
assistance for the poorer LDCs and a third window in the IBRD to provide credits
on terms between those of the World Bank and the IDA (30-year repayment after
a 7-year grace at 4% interest).
17. Emergency operations will again be the focus of multilateral aid activities
because of the threat to LDC solvency posed by the adjustments to increases in
the cost of energy. Beyond the next year or two, long-term development efforts
again are expected to take center stage. The LDCs, gaining more clout, will press
for sustained programs of development. Multilateral channels, less subject to the
vagaries of national political decisions, will be the aid vehicle that the LDCs will
prefer.
5
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APPENDIX
STATISTICAL TABLES
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Multilateral A
European and Arab States and Areas of Cor
EIB
European Investment Bank
Major Recipient
Turkey; $98 million
OAPEC-AFESD
Arab Fund for Economic and
Social Development
Major Recipients
Sudan; $43 million
Syria; $25 million
Somalia; $23 million
Special Fund for Poorest Arab States
Major Recipient
Sudan; $37 million
CDB
Caribbean Development Bank
Major Recipient
Jamaica; $9 million
BCIE
Central American Bank for
Economic Integration
IDB
lnteramerican Development Bank and
Fund for Special Operations
Major Recipients
Mexico; $186 million
Argentina; $183 million
Brazil; $181 million
Western Hemisphere
566240 6-75
Worldwide
UN
United Nations
Major Reci,
India; 1
Bangla
IMF
International Monetary Fund:
Special Oil Facility
Major LDC Recipients
India; $242 million
Yugoslavia; $168 million
Pakistan; $118 million
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Table 1
Aid Commitments to Developing Nations by Multilateral Institutions, 1974
Million US $
A
World Bank Group
IBRD IDA
IMF Oil Facility
Commitments/
Disbursements
Regional
Development
Institutions
Special-Interest
Agencies
Arab EC
All
Other
Total
Total
3,278.1
1,257.8
1,194.4
1,828.5
341.8
623.2
480.61
9,004.4
Africa
717.5
332.2
179.9
125.8
247.7
331.6
120.8
2,055.5
Algeria
157.5
21.3
178.8
Botswana
9.5
3.0
2.7
15.2
Burundi
__
5.0
__
7.0
2.8
14.8
Cameroon
34.1
5.6
2.8
4.7
4.5
51.7
Central African Republic
3.3
1.5
3.0
4.0
11.8
Chad
11.0
2.7
4.4
4.4
2.9
25.4
Congo

1.2
1.2
Dahomey
2.1
1.2
2.6
2.1
8.0
Equatorial Guinea
__
0.2
0.2
Ethiopia
52.9
__
7.1
183.82
4.1
247.9
Gabon
5.0
__
4.8
8.4
18.2
Gambia
2.4
2.2
0.4
5.0
eci;
Ghana.
12.4
__
4.8
4.4
4.8
26.4
$
Guinea.
4.2
8.0
0.8
3.2
16.2
;lac
Guinea-Bissau
__
--
__
0.2
0.2
Ivory Coast
47.6
__
13.5
--
3.6
38.3
2.5
105.5
Kenya
10.4
33.5
38.7
3.6
1.8
6.0
5.4
99.4
Lesotho
....
4.0
5.5
4.4
1.6
12.5
Liberia
4.0
__
__
2.4
1.8
8.2
Malagasy Republic
6.8
22.4
4.2
__
2.4
13.6
4.6
54.0
Malawi
12.0
4.8
0.6
3.8
21.2
Mali
8.0
4.4
3.9
8.3
24.6
Mauritania
__
7.9
8.9
5.8
9.4
25.0
Mauritius
18.5
3.5
1.4
23.4
Morocco
141.0
__
9.6
18.6
169.2
Niger
5.0
__
0.2
3.9
9.1
Nigeria
127.5
__
5.7
--
133.2
Rwanda
6.3
5.1
1.0
1.4
2.4
16.2
Senegal
3.0
4.6
3.8
2.4
13.8
Sierra Leone
__
5.2
4.1
1.8
3.1
14.2
Somalia..18.0
--
3.3
31.0
15.6
5.5
73.4
Sudan
__
34.7
57.5
9.2
80.6
5.0
187.0
Swaziland
3.5
5.0
__
2.2
2.1
12.8
Tanzania
65.0
61.2
34.2
4.8
7.1
9.0
12.0
193.3
Togo
6.0
3.4
0.9
1.7
12.0
Tunisia
64.1
4.1
6.8
75.0
Uganda
6.0
5.8
5.6
17.4
Upper Volta
8.0
0.4
2.7
2.5
13.6
Zaire
....
10.0
6.4
37.8
54.2
Zambia
20.0
4.8
6.2
31.0
Regional
--
--
__
1.7
33.6
35.3
East Asia
765.0
115.0
109.3
377.0
0.7
24.6
1,391.6
Burma..
41.0
--
16.3
57.3
Fiji..
__
0.4
0.4
Indonesia
137.5
57.5
__
78.1
6.8
279.9
Laos
6.1
1.0
7.1
Malaysia
185.0
65.5
250.5
Philippines
208.0
9.5
58.3
0.7
3.7
280.2
Samoa
__
0.8
0.8
Singapore
19.5
19.5
.
South Korea
85.0
108.9
89.5
283.4
Footnotes at end of table.
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Table 1
Aid Commitments to Developing Nations by Multilateral Institutions, 1974 (Continued)
Million US $
World Bank
Group
IDA
IMF Oil Facility
Commitments/
Disbursements
Regional
Development
Institutions
Special-Interest
Agencies
Arab EC
All
Other
Total
East Asia (Continued)
IBRD
South Vietnam
20.5
1 . 0
21.5
Thailand
130.0
7.0
41.6
178.6
Tonga
0.3
....
0.3
Regional
....
....
12.1
12.1
Latin America
538.2
36.2
223.8
1,141.1
24.7
57.0
2,021.0
Antigua....
....
0.1

0.1
Argentina
183.0
183.0
Barbados
9.5
9.5
Belize
1.8
I .8
Bolivia.
....
6.2
47.0
53.2
Brazil
59.5
181.3
240.8
Chile
13.6
....
97.3
110.9
Colombia
8.0
50.2
58.2
Costa Rica
23.5
22.7
54.7
100.9
Dominica
....
2.2
2.2
Dominican Republic
21.0
37.2
58.2
Ecuador.
23.2
....
55.9
....
79.1
El Salvador
19.5
6.0
21.6
33.9
2.6
83.6
Grenada
....
0.1
0.1
Guadeloupe
2.6
2.6
Guatemala
....
19.9
....
19.9
Guyana
12.9
1.0
13.9
Haiti
....
10.0
4.6
0.5
1.0
3.1
19.2
Honduras
3.0
3.0
20.3
38.8
3.4
3.2
71.7
Jamaica.
46.5
9.0
....
55.5
Mexico
212.0
186.0
398.0
Netherlands Antilles
....
....
8.2
8.2
Nicaragua
4.0
12.1
16.1
Panama
....
8.9
15.5
24.4
Paraguay
24.5
11.0
50.5
86.0
Peru
26.0
65.5
91.5
St. Kitts
0.1
0.1
St. Vincent
0.2
0.2
Surinam
....
....
9.5
9.5
Trinidad and Tobago
23.0
6.1
29.1
Uruguay
....
91.5
21.6
113.1
Venezuela
22.0
22.0
West Indies
2.3
....
2.3
Regional
....
....
9.0
....
47.1
56.1
Near East
426.9
86.5
11.3
6.0
94.1
2.7
28.9
656.4
Egypt
85.0
55.0
6.0
22.0
3.4
171.4
Iran
210.5....
4.7
215.2
Israel
35.0
35.0
Jordan.....7.5
....
7.5
Lebanon
N.A.N.A.
....
North Yemen....
8.6
25.0
2.4
36.0
Oman
8.4....
0.2
8.6
Saudi Arabia....
....
2.1
2.1
South Yemen
5.4
11.3
22.1
1.6
5.7
46.1
Syria
88.0
10.0
25.0
1.1
124.1
Regional....
10.4
10.4
Footnotes at end of table.
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id Institutions
centration, 1974AppAgesInFicoAffitase 2000/05/15 : CIA-RDP79T01098A000500080001-3
i
ADB
Asian Development Bank and Fund
Major Recipients
Pakistan; $105 million
South Korea; $89 million
Indonesia; $78 million ?
oients
38 million
idesh; $33 million
IBRD-IDA
World Bank Group:
International Bank
for Reconstruction
and Development
Major Recipients
Yugoslavia; $256 million
Turkey; $228 million
Mexico; $212 million
International Development
Association
Major Recipients
India; $443 million
Bangladesh; $120 million
A
Africa
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AFDB
African Development Bank and Fund
Major Recipients
Morocco; $10 million
Sudan; $9 million
Mauritania; $ 9 million
ASFA
Arab Special Fund for African States
Major Recipients
Ethiopia; $7 million
Tanzania; $7 million
EDF
European Development Fund
Major Recipient
Sahel-Ethiopia; $64 million
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Table 1
Aid Commitments to Developing Nations by Multilateral Institutions, 1974 (Continued)
Million US $
World Bank Group
IBRD IDA
IMF Oil Facility
Commitments/
Disbursements
Regional
Development
Institutions
Special-Interest
Agencies
All
Other
Total
Arab EC
South Asia
112.0
687.9
450.5
178.6
164.1
96.7
1,689.8
Afghanistan
....
14.2
....
14.2
Bangladesh
120.0
48.9
54.0
42.3
33.2
298.4
Cambodia
....
....
1.6
1.6
India
52.0
443.1
242.0
....
110.0
37.7
884.8
Nepal
13.8
....
3.1
....
....
16.9
Pakistan
60.0
87.0
118.5
104.6
3.1
7.0
380.2
Sri Lanka.
24.0
41.1
2.7
8.7
9.3
85.8
Regional
....
7.9
7.9
Other
718.5
219.6
99.4
13.7
1,051.2
Cyprus
14.0
7.7
0.7
0.8
23.2
Greece
30.0
43.8
1.2
75.0
Romania
190.0
2.0
192.0
Turkey
228.0
98.7
2.6
329.3
Yugoslavia
256.5
168.1
0.8
425.4
Regional
....
6.3
6.3
Unspecified 3
138.9
138.9
Including three major UN agencies World Food Program (WFP), the United Nations Development Program (UNDP), and
the Secretary General's Special Account for Emergency Operations.
2 Including EC commitments to Sahelian Africa as a region.
3 Including 1118 million under the World Food Program.
Table 2
Aid Commitments to Less Developed Nations by Multilateral
Aid Institutions'
1973
Million US $
1974
Global Total
5,700
9,000
World Bank Group
3,800
4,550
IMF Oil Facility
1,200
Other United Nations agencies
200
500
European Community
400
600
Regional development banks
1,300
1,850
Arab special interest agencies.. .
N egl.
350
1 Because of rounding, components may not add to the total
shown.
10
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1974 commitments
Headquarters
Membership
Date established
Decisionmaking body
Purpose
Resources and status.
Terms of loans.
Recipients
Table 3
Global International Aid Institutions: Specialized Agencies of the United Nations
World Bank Group
International Bank for
Reconstruction and Development
(IBRD)
$3.3 billion
Washington, D.C.
124 members who also belong to
I MF
1945
Board of Governors and the Exec-
utive Directors
Finance development projects and
programs
$30.4 billion subscribed, $3.0 bil-
lion paid in, with the remainder
callable. Depends on capital
markets for major share of re-
sources; outstanding borrowings
of $9.6 billion, as of 30 June 1974
8%, 20-25 years, including 5 years'
grace
All members are eligible, but loans
usually are made only to mem-
bers with per capita income less
than $850
International Development
Association (IDA)
$1.3 billion
Washington, D.C.
113 members who also belong to
IMF and IBRD
1960
Board of Governors and the
Executive Directors
Finance development projects
and programs
$11.6 billion pledged, $7.1 bil-
lion paid in from subscription,
voluntary contributions, and
IBRD transfers
3/47, service charge, 50 years,
including 10 years' grace
Members with per capita in-
come less than $375 to supple-
ment IBRD loans on terms
that are less burdensome on
balance of payments
International Monetary Fund
(Oil Facility)
$1.2 billion to LDCs
Washington, D.C.
126 members
1974
Executive Board
Finance current account deficits
resulting from increased petro-
leum prices
$3.7 billion made available in
1974, principally by oil-export-
ing states for both LDCs and
developed countries
3-7 years repayment, 71/4% in-
terest
Oil-importing members meeting
certain criteria on the scope
and nature of balance-of-pay-
ments problems
11
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1974 commitment
Headquarters.
Date established
Governing group
Membership
Purpose and resources..
Aid terms
Table 4
Major United Nations Aid Programs
United Nations Development
Program (UNDP)
$228 million
New York
1949
Governing Council account-
able to ECOSOC
Open to all UN members
Preinvestment and technical
assistance for development
projects in LDCs
Grant
World Food Program (WFP)
$118 million
Rome
1961
24-man IGC which is elected
by FAO and ECOSOC
Open to all UN members
Provide food assistance as a
backup to development pro-
grams; provide emergency
food assistance
Grant
United Nations
Educational, Scientific
United Nations
Secretary General's
and Cultural Organization
Industrial Development
Special Account
(UNESCO)
Organization (UNIDO)
1974 commitments
$135 million
N.A.
N.A.
Headquarters .
New York
Paris
Vienna
Date established
1974
1945
1967
Governing group
Secretary General
34-member Executive 45-member Industrial De-
Board velopment Board
Membership
33 most seriously affected
Open to all UN members Open to all UN members
LDCs
Purpose and resources
Balance-of-payments assist-
Provide support for mem-Assist in transfer of indus-
ance for the MSAs
ber efforts to eliminate
illiteracy
trial technology to LDCs
Aid terms
Grant
Grant
Grant
' Because indicative planning commitments are made over several years and tend to overestimate allocations,
actual expenditure figures have been used.
12
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Table 5a
Regional Development Institutions
Africa
African Development Bank (AFDB) African Development Fund (AFDF)
1974 commitments $88 million, cumulative $217 million $46 million, began operations in 1974
(1964-74)
Headquarters. Abidjan, Ivory Coast Abidjan, Ivory Coast
Membership 40 members, limited to independent African 16 non-African nations and AFI)11
countries
Date established 1964 1971 agreements signed
Decisionmaking body Board of Governors 12-man Board of Governors weighted evenly
between regional and non-regional mem-
bers. Fund administered by AFDB
Purpose Financing development projects particularly Concessional loans comparable to IDA of
regional or multi-national projects World Bank Group
Resources and status $484 million authorized capital, $440 million $214 million authorized, 8145 million sub-
subscribed, $193 million paid in as of scribed, $102 million paid in by the end
June 1974 of 1974
Terms of loans 6% with 3/4% commitment fee, 15- 30 years, Interest-free, 3/4% administrative charge, 50-
including 3 -10 years' grace year repayment with 10 years' grace, loans
to a maximum 10 million units of account '
for regional projects and $5 million units of
account for national projects
Aid recipients. African members African members, especially least developed
1. One unit of account equals $1.21.
Table 5b
Regional Development Institutions
Asia
Asian Development Bank (ADB)
Asian Development Fund (ADF)
1974 commitments $548 million, cumulative $2.0 billion None
(1966-74)
Headquarters Manila Manila
Membership 27 regional members and 14 non-regional, 27 regional members and 14 non-regional,
including the United States including the United States
Date established 1966 1972 agreement signed operative 28 June
1974
Decisionmaking body Board of Governors Board of Governors
Purpose Finance foreign exchange costs of projects Concessional loan fund administered by A 1)B
to promote economic development comparable to IDA of World Bank Group
Resources and status Authorized $2.8 billion, subscribed $2.8 bil- Authorized $525 million, subscribed $461
lion. Paid in $503 Million as of November million, $245 million paid in. Additional
1973, with outstanding borrowing of $283 $257 million will be transferred from fund
million as of 31 December 1974 previously contributed to the terminated
multi-purpose Special Fund
Terms of loans. 81/4%, 10 30 years repayment, including 40 years with 10 years' grace, 1% interest
3 -7 years' grace
Aid recipients. Asian members Asian members
13
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1974 commitments
Ileadquarters
Membership
Date established
.Decisionmaking body .
Purpose
Resources and status..
Terms of loans.
Aid recipients.
Table 5c
Regional Development Institutions
Latin America
Interamerican Development
Bank (IDB)
$1.1 billion, cumulative $6.5
billion (1959-74)
Washington, D.C.
24 Western Hemisphere mem-
bers, including the United
States and Canada
1959
Board of Governors
Accelerate economic develop-
ment of Latin American mem-
bers, collectively and indi-
vidually
Subscribed $10.3 billion (includ-
ing $4.4 billion contributed
toward the Fund for Special
Operation, the concessional
loan fund comparable to IDA)
15-30 year maturities at 8"/0.
Fund for Special Operations
loans for 20-40 year terms at
1% 4%
Latin American members
Central American Bank for
Economic Integration (CABEI)
N.A.
Tegucigalpa, Honduras
Guatemala, El Salvador, lion-
duras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica
1961
10-member Board of Governors
(2 from each member country)
Promotion of economic integra-
tion and balanced develop-
ment of members
$60 million authorized and $40
million subscribed
3%-8% interest, repayment up
to 15 years
Members
14
Caribbean Development Bank
$13.6 million, cumulative $58 million
Bridgetown, Barbados
16 members, including the United
Kingdom, Canada, and West Ger-
many
1970
7-member Board of Governors
Promote economic integration of Car-
ibbean members and finance devel-
opment projects with special atten-
tion to members with limited access
to other capital
$100 million authorized, $66 million
paid in plus a $53 million Special
Development Fund, the equivalent
of the IDA in the World Bank
Group, subscribed to by non-re-
gional members and the United
States. Trinidad and Tobago es-
tablished a $5 million Special Fund
for least developed members
Commercial rates to larger members
and 2- lie% repayable over 35 years
for the Special Fund
Caribbean members
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Table 6
Special Interest Aid Institutions Sponsored by The European Community '
European Investment Bank European Development Fund
(EIB)
(EDF) Cheysson Fund
1974 commitments $141 million to associated states S165 million $120 million
headquarters..Luxembourg Luxembourg Brussels
Membership 9 Community members 9 Community members 9 Community members
Date established 1958 1958 1974
Decisionmaking body Board of Governors and 18 Di- Board of Governors and 18 Di- Council of Ministers of European
rectors rectors Community
Purpose Funding for projects in public Economic and special develop- Emergency bala,nce-of-payments
and private sectors of mutual ment assistance assistance
Community interest
Resources and status 1.5 billion units of account2 Community budget allocations Community contributions
subscribed, 20% paid up plus for five-year periods and EIB
funding from capital markets contributions. Soft loan win-
dow of European Investment
Bank
Terms 8-25 years, 21/20/--61/2% Grants or loans with repayments Grants
up to 40 years, including 10
years' grace at PA,
Recipients Associated states (members are Associated states 17 of the LDCs on the UN's L974
eligible for borrowing at mar- most seriously affected list
ket interest rates)
The EC also participates in the Food Aid Convention (FAC).
2 One unit of account equals $1.21.
15
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Table 7a
Special Interest Aid Institutions Sponsored by Arab Islamic States
For Arab States
Arab Fund for Economic and Social
Development (AFESD)
1974 commitments $176 million
Ileadquarters Kuwait
Membership All 20 Arab League members
Date established Agreement signed in 1968; first meeting
November 1972
Decisionmaking body Arab League
Purpose Loans to Arab League members for pro-
ductive investment in public and private
sectors, especially joint ventures among
Arab states
Resources and status Authorized capital $338 million
Terms of loans 10 years or more at 4%.-6% interest,
eventually may establish a soft loan
counter like IDA
Aid recipients Members of Arab League are eligible
OAPEC Fund for the Poorest
Arab States
$80 million
Kuwait
OAPEC members
1974
Arab League, administered through AFESD
Provide balance-of-payments assistance to
non-oil-producing Arab states
Authorized capital $80 million, all paid in
10-year maturity, after a 10-year grace,
interest free
Mauritania, Morocco, North Yemen, So-
malia, South Yemen, and Sudan
Table 7b
Special Interest Aid Institutions Sponsored by Arab Islamic States
For Islamic States
Islamic Development Bank (IDB)
1974 commitments None
headquarters Saudi Arabia
Membership 27 members of Islamic Conference
Date established Agreement signed in March 1972, not yet
in operation
Decisionmaking body Board of Governors
Purpose Project loans to member countries, for
industrial development, may also make
equity investments
Resources and status Authorized capital $2.4 billion, subscribed
$1.2 billion
Terms of loans Interest free, other terms unknown
Aid recipients Islamic Conference Members, 27 Arab and
Islamic states signed charter, Iraq and
Syria have also applied for membership
16
Islamic Solidarity Fund
None
35 Islamic nations
February 1974; agreement not yet in
operation
Seven-member executive committee, ap-
proval by Islamic Foreign Ministers
Conference
Emergency relief assistance and cultural
enrichment for Moslem nations
Authorized capital unknown; pledged $30
million, $2.0 million paid in
Grants and interest free loans
Islamic states
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Table 7c
Special Interest Aid Institutions Sponsored by Arab Islamic States
For Africa
Arab Bank for Economic
Development in Africa
1974 commitments.... None
Headquarters
Membership
Date established
Decisionmaking body .
Purpose
Resources and status
Terms of loans
Aid recipients.
Khartoum
Arab League
Agreement signed at Sixth Arab
Summit, November 1973
Governing council including
Saudi Arabia, Jordan, UAE,
Bahrain, Tunisia, Qatar, and
Kuwait
Soft loans for development
Authorized capital $500 million,
$206 million subscribed
50-year repayment, low interest
African states
Arab Special Fund for Africa
Arab Technicial Assistance
Fund for Africa
888 million disbursed of $176 million None
committed
Cairo (Arab League Secretariat)
Arab League
Agreement signed June 1974, dis- Agreement signed January 1974
bursement began in October 1974
Arab League
Loans to help compensate for in- Finance technical assistance
creased oil costs, special attention needs for African states
to land-locked and drought-
stricken nations; to develop
African oil resources, to com-
pensate for economic loss because
of break in relations with Israel
Authorized capital $200 million to Authorized capital $25 million,
be maintained at same level, $195 paid in, minimum 89, million
million paid in as of January 1975.
UAE, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, and
Eraq pledged to increase their 1974
capital contributions
25 years with 10-year repayment,
interest free
African oil-importing states, except African nations, but eventually
Sudan and Morocco may benefit other LDCs
17
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is--- Ct/Lt 75
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IT
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Czechoslovakia, Prague
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Hungary, Budapest
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EUROPE
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I 1,4-1 copy of all reports for iE
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b.-Et-gland, London
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Pirance, Paris.
..pe-rmany, nn
Munich
Iceland, Reykjavik
Ireland, Dublin
art-aii, Rome
4.-L-Tiiembourg, Luxembourg
Malta, Velletta
...Pifilierlands, The Hague
Norway, Oslo
Portugal, Lisbon
Spain, Madrid
Sweden, Stockholm
eth 1-109re:i
6.SeOftzerland, arefn-
Geneva 1:44-4-4.414e.
...Yugoslavia, Belgrade
Australia, Canberra
Melbourne
y.Philippines, Manila
New Zealand, Wellington
'FAR EAST
Burma, Rangoon
Formosa, Taipei
Hong Kong
alitIO-nesi a, Djakarta
Japan, Tokyo
0.-1C6cea, Seoul
Laos, Vientiane
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AFRICA
kitigeria, Algiers
Botswana, Gaberones
Burundi, Bujumbura
Cameroun, Yaounde
Central African Republic, Bangui
Chad, Fort Lamy
Congo, Kinshasa
Dahomey, Cotonou
Addis Ababa
Gabon, Libreville
Gambia, Bathurst
Ghana, Accra
Guinea, Conakry
c.).106ir-y Coast, Abidjan
Kenya, Nairobi
Lesotho, Maseru
Liberia, Monrovia
.....TerilYy-a, Tripoli
Malagasy Republic, Tananarive
Mali, Bamako
Malawi, Zomba
Mauritania, Novakchott
Mauritius, Port Louis
.....MtScocco, Rabat
Mozambique, Lourenco Marques
Niger, Niamey
?...14i-leria, Lagos ,
Rhodesia, Salisbury
Rwanda, Kigali
Senegal, Dakar
Sierra Leone, Free Town
Somalia, Mogadis cio
South Africa, Pretoria
....811-1an, Khartoum
Swaziland, Mbabane
rilzania, Dar es Salaam
Togo, Lome
Tunisia, Tunis
Uganda, Kampala
Upper Volta, Ouagadougou
Zambia, Lusaka
NEAR EAST AND SOUTH ASIA
fg istan,
Ceylon, Colombo
Cyprus, Nicosia
I.Firypt, Cairo
Greece, Athens
1(dia, New Delhi
1..1-fan, Tehran
A...U.-a4, Baghdad
Israel, Tel Aviv
&Jot-clan, Amman
Kuwait
Lebanon, Beirut
Nepal, Katmandu
I-Pakistan,
Stidi Arabia, Jidda
'South Yemen, Aden
Syria, Damascus
AnkAtrzt.4...;
AftRa4.4../ Ag+lr-dt.
,....krientina, Buenos Aires
Bahamas, Nassau
oPrgrbados, Bridgetown
Bolivia, La Paz
4....2rrazi1, Rio de Janeiro
Ar.ohrfe, Santiago
Colombia, Bogota
Costa Rica, San Jose
Dominican Republic, Santo Domingo
Ecuador, Quito
El Salvador, San Salvador
Guatemala, Guatemala
Guyana, Georgetown
Haiti, Port au Prince
4,146nduras, Tegucigalpa
Jamaica, Kingston
1.,.botercico, Mexico City
Nicaragua, Managua
Panama, Panama
Paraguay, Asuncion
Peru, Lima
Trinidad, Port of Spain
?..JJ-rtguay, Montevideo
4,34e-r1ezue1a, Caracas
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MEMORANDUM FOR: CRS/ADD Release
SUBJECT:
Release of ER RP 75-17, The
Structure and Function dr--
Mulillateral Aid Institutions,
June 1975, For Official Use
Only, to Foreign Governments
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forwarded as follows:
#139
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of 13 August 1952, "Procedures for Dissemination of Finished
Intelligence to Foreign Governments, as applicable to this report
have been fulfilled.
STATI NTL
1 Attachment
tho dissemination requested by
this memorandum bos been cQmpletedk
byt
Ofatgi 6
?,6
Chief, St/P/C/ER
Approved ForRelease2000/05/15 : CIA-RDP79T01098A000500080001-3
FOR OFFICIAL USE OM
*ked SECRET
mrs-yri-rn4 nno A rtflAGE-XeCiA
/ 7
Approvuu rui rwmcibv LLKIVIV.A1 1%1 . ?-? 11-v9m-el 1?11?,140,01.0/-1 ? ....,
PUBLICATIONS SOURCE SURVEY
USE OF INFORMATION FROM COLLECTION PROGRAMS IN FINISHED INTELLIGENCE
GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS
Rating forms will be completed for each finished intelligence publication prepared by the DD/I and DDS&T. This is a
machine-supported system and information must be gathered in a formatted fashion. Therefore, each analyst will complete
the NON-SHADED parts of section I and II of this form. Please type or print legibly. Questions should be directed to
CGAS/HSG, Room 2G 40, x1829 (red) or x5577 (black).
SECTION I - PUBLICATION TITLE AND CONTENT
NAME AND
A ae\ 25X1 A
CARD I XXAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
SURVEY NO.
1-6
RECORD
TYPE
(7-8)
DATE PUBLISHED
(9-12)
PUBLICATION NUMBER
(13-23)
FOR OCI ONLY
CIB PUBLICATION ()ATE
(13-18)
0
1
MO
IC,
YR
'.7
1
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-
7
MO
1
DAY
1
YR
1
TITLE
(24-80)
24
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CARD 2 XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
SURVEY NO.
(1-6)
RECORD
TYPE
(78)
OFFICE (9-10)
01 OCI
03 OSR
06 CRS
08 OWI
02 OER
04 OBGI
07 OSI
09 OPR
0
2
40 DIA
60 State
70 Treasury
,
JOINT OFFItE (specify:
i
- -)
TOPICAL CATEGORY I GEOGRAPHIC AREA CATEGORY .
Domestic Politics
USSR
International Relations
Eastern Europe
XEconomics
China
Military
Other Far East
Science & Technology
Near East/N. Africa
Geography
South Asia
Biography
Africa
Latin America
Western Europe
`i
LIST SPECIFIC COUNTRIES: WD( / CLUJ 1/4. Of -01
TO BE COMPLETED BY CGAS
REC TYPE
(7-8)
TOPIC
(1142)
AREA
(13-16)
--
1:: : 1
1!..1i1111 1111:115 -
'so ?Y-it ? ..
OBSOLETE
FORM .,492
6- 7 4 .2 PREVIOUS
EDITIONS
SECRET
E 2&3 IMPDET CL BY 007622
(10-13-43)
SECRET
i.L :P. A._ I.. _ Se :
e?:i eee-eee:eee
e
For each col ection program contributing information to the publication, check only the highest rating that is applicable. More than one
collection program may be rated as Key, Supplemental, or Incidental for each publication. If the source did not provide any reporting
useful in the publication, check the box labeled Not Applicable.
If a single publication treats more than one geographic area and/or topical category and the source mix for each varied then
additional forms must be completed; e.g. India?economics?State and Japan?economics?FIk's.
Rating categories are defined as follows:
Key?Information from a particular collection program was of such importance that basic conclusions of the finished intelligence
? item could not have been reached without it.
Supplemental?Information from a particular collection program was important but not essential to basic conclusions of the finished
intelligence item.
Incidental?Information from a particular collection program was useful or interesting primarily as background but was used only
incidentally in the finished intelligence item. 1 (2) (3) (4)
CARD COL
COLLECTION PROGRAMS
(17)
1. OVERHEAD IMAGERY
(19)
2. COMINT
(211
3. ELINT
(23)
4. TELEMETRY
(25)
5. RADINT
(27)
6. DEFECTOR RPTS (e.g., FIRK's)
(291
7. DDO Rpts (FIR'S)
2-5X 1 B
(31)
8. STATE (FSO) REPORTS
I
9. DOD Human Source Reporting
I
(32)
(a) Defense Attache
I
(33)
I
(34)
(b) Other
I
(35)
10. DDO/DCD Rpts (00's)
I
(37)
11. HMS PRESS, RADIO & TV REPORTS
I
(39)
vi 2. Translation of Foreign Lang. documents
by FBIS/JPRS, etc. 1
(40)
I
(41)
*13. Non-USIB Agency Rpts. (USIA, AID, other
such reports) I
Open Literature (professional journals,
US wire ser., items, etc.) I
(45)
*15. OTHER (IMF, OECD, foreign government reports, etc.)
I
KIQ Related Publication: Yes No
*for Items No. 12, 13, 1 4, (rid 15 specify source of reporting used.
KEY INTELLIGENCE QUESTION(S)-KIQ
TRA LATIONS:
50
51
52
53
54
55
NON-USIB AGEN Y(S):
1st KIQ #
2nd KIQ #
OPELLITERATURE: .
-e -S---S- (A) t re- %-erv
(56-60.1r
_j_
OTHER: f
fid4F1 (A) o r I ot,ci,? ic
/DOCUMENT TYPE (61-62)
02 GH
06 GR
10 WR/SR
14 BR
32 NIB
51 IODW
03 GM
07 IR
11 IH
15 TM
53 EIW
04 IM
08R
12 IB
16 RS
05M
09 RA
13 RP
63
64
(65-69)
(70-7
CLASSIFICATION: ?..,...) ;r r) ... . ,
,,,,a_i u
F Se_ C)/7
CLASSIFICATION CONTROLS:
List DDO FIR's and Defector reports that were key or supplemental information sources:
,
appr9ved For RspIppe 3990/95/1q: kRigp791-Fip ORqA000t5000poqoi -3
. his space also ou e u o is spea lc repo , o r an s, n were o excep Iona value.
SECRET
A rOved For Release 2000/05/45S:EZEZRDP79T01098A000500080001-3
RECORD OF REVIEW OF OER PUBLICATIONS FOR SECURITY/SANITIZATION APPROVAL
SUBJECT
$ *re g CO 44
.-1) 7,5-.0.7,...? frg
f/'
SECURITY REVIEW 7,S7 TIZING INST
ZING
ITEM
DATE
INITIALS REVVE ire
UNEDITED DRAFT
25X1A
EDITED DRAFT
DEI,ETIEL, gfrofto CO! 4:40 4.414::14.0' 07
i
RELEASABLE TO
REMARKS ,....)444.4...t..e.e..."
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-.e.....
11.10 er..e- -L-Az
A
2000/05/15 : CIA-RDP79T01098A6/00506 a 0a 1-3
FORM 235,. OBSOLETE PREVIOUS
4.70 '-' EDITIONS
SECRET
GROUP I 1
Excluded from automatic
ri n
61-tote
(9.36-4S)
,aeeNta v51 F ?*- elpit3S9BX5
4.17
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STATINTL STATINTL
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STATINTL
STATINTL
Approved For Release 2000/05/15 : CIA-RDP79T01098A000500080001-3
Approved For Release IN010S/11:5AIME1W11119T01098A000500080001-3
THE STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION s
OF MULTILATERAL AID INSTITUTIONS
KEY FINDINGS
1. There are now 14 major multilateral aid institutions dispensing aid to
less developed countries (LDCs). Some, such as the World Bank Group and the
International Monetary Fund (IMF), carry out worldwide operations. Others, such
as those sponsored by the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC),
operates exclusively within a selective regional or cultural framework (see the center-
fold).
? Multilateral institutions as a group committed about US $9 billion to
LDCs in 1974, an increase of nearly 60% from 1973. Disbursements
topped $4.5 billion.
? The World Bank Group remained the leading donor; the IMF Oil Facility, t
funded primarily by OPEC, also made a major contribution.
? Non-project assistance to meet emergency needs of ?the LDCs formed
a large portion of multilateral aid ? $3 billion.
2. We foresee no further additions to the list of major multilateral
4,
institutions for several years, although new aid outlets may develop within the
' established structures. OPEC will continue to be a major source of funding for
these institutions. In the short run, emergency aid will continue to account for
a significant share of the total. We expect project aid gradually to return to
prominence, with the World Bank Group and IMF taking on increased
responsibilities for channeling assistance.
DISCUSSION
The Institutions
3. Multilateral assistance ? a direct outgrowth of post-World War II
international efforts to help reconstruct Europe's war-damaged economies ? has
developed into a complex of 14 major institutions plus their subsidiary agencies.
Approved For Release 2000/05/15 : elA-RDP79T01098A000500N?M1-3
Approved For Release 2000/05/15 : CIA-RDP79T01098A000500080001-3
These institutions provided some $9 (see Table 1) of aid to LDCs' in 1974,
accounting for about one-third of all official aid pledged.2 Among them, UN
agencies, including the World Bank and International Monetary Fund, .accounted
for more than two-thirds of the total, regional institutions about one-fifth, European
Community-sponsored institutions 7%, and the new Arab-sponsored agencies 4%.
This distribution follows roughly the pattern of recent years, except that regional
banks had smaller shares (see Table 2).
4. The World Bank (IBRD); its soft loan affiliate; the International
Development Agency (IDA); and the International Monetary Fund (IMF), which
provides 7-year credits through the new Oil Facility (see Table 3), are the major
sources of global multilateral financial assistance.3 Other agencies of the United
Nations also provide small amounts of technical, social, and commodity assistance
on a worldwide basis (see Table 4). As a group, these multilateral organizations
provided $6.2 billion worth of aid during 1974.
5. Regional aid institutions did not emerge until 1959 with the establishment
of the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB). Subsequently, regional
development banks have been established for all areas of the Third World (see
Tables 5a, b, and c). They include banks for Central America, Africa, Asia, and
most recently (in 1970) for the Caribbean. All of the regional banks emphasize
assistance for regional social and economic development programs, especially
multinational projects or projects of common concern. As a group, regional banks
committed $1.8 billion worth of aid during 1974.
f
6. The regional development bank concept follows a uniform pattern ? most
are modeled after the World Bank. Usually the regional banks have been funded
by capital subscriptions from developing nations; only part of which is paid in.
This capital is used as guarantee for bond issues floated in private capital markets.
Most of the banks also have established soft loan windows similar to that of the
IDA that are funded by developed nation sponsors and by a part of the income
from banking operations. ?
7. Beyond the two broad groupings ? those with global interests and those
confined to specific regional interests ? there is a growing number of multilateral
aid organizations bound together by mutual political, commercial, religious, or
1. The LDCs include all countries of Africa except the Republic of South Africa; all countries of East ?
Asia except Hong Kong and Japan; Malta, Portugal, Romania, Spain, and Yugoslavia in Europe; and all countries
in Latin America, the Near East, and South Asia.
2. Aid from governments and international bodies whose members are governments.
3. The International Finance Corporation (IFC), also a World Bank affiliate, is not included as an aid donor,
because it provides risk capital to private entities.
Approved For Release 2000/05/15 :2CIA-RDP79T01098A000500050001-3
Approved For Release 2000/05/15 : CIA-RDP79T01098A000500080001-3
Approved For Release 2000/05/15 : CIA-RDP79T01098A000500080001-3
Approved For Release 2000/05/15 : CIA-RDP79T01098A000500080001-3
Approved For Release 2000/05/15 : CIA-RDP79T01098A000500080001-3
Approved For Release 2000/05/15 : CIA-RDP79T01098A000500080001-3
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
Foreword
This publication is intended to serve as a general reference on multilateral
assistance to the LDCs: the institutions involved, their purpose, membership, and
funding. It also provides estimates of the amount of multilateral aid provided to
LDCs in 1974.
The data were derived from official sources, where available, and supplemented
by estimates that are conservative.
Approved For Release 2000/05/15 : 01A-RDP79T01098A000500080001-3
Approved For Release 2000/05/15: CIA-RDP79T01098A000500080001-3
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
THE STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
OF MULTILATERAL AID INSTITUTIONS
KEY FINDINGS
1. There are now 14 major multilateral aid institutions dispensing aid to
less developed countries (LDCs). Some, such as the World Bank Group and the
International Monetary Fund (IMF), carry out worldwide operations. Others, such
as those sponsored by the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC),
operate exclusively within a selective regional or cultural framework (see the center-
fold).
? Multilateral institutions as a grOup committed about US $9 billion to
LDCs in 1974, an increase of nearly 60% from 1973. Disbursements
topped $4.5 billion.
? The World. Bank Group remained the leading donor; the IMF Oil Facility,
funded primarily by OPEC, also made a major contribution.
? Non-project assistance to meet emergency needs of the LDCs formed
a large portion of multilateral aid ? $3 billion.
2. We foresee no further additions to the list of major multilateral
institutions for several years, although new aid outlets may develop within the
established structures. OPEC will continue to be a major source of funding for
these institutions. In the short run, emergency aid will continue to account for
a significant share of the total. We expect project aid gradually to return to
prominence, with the World Bank Group and IMF taking on increased
responsibilities for channeling assistance.
DISCUSSION
The Institutions
3. Multilateral assistance ? a direct outgrowth of post-World War II
international efforts to help reconstruct Europe's war-damaged economies ? has
developed into a complex of 14 major institutions plus their subsidiary agencies.
Approved For Release 2000/05/15: CIA-RDP79T01098A000500080001-3
1 June 1975
Approved For Release 2000/05/15 : CIA-RDP79T01095A000500080001-3
These institutions, provided some $9 billion (see Table 1) of aid to LDCs' in 1974,
accounting for about one-third of all official aid pledged.' Among them, UN
agencies, including the World Bank and International Monetary Fund, accounted
for more than two-thirds of the total, regional institutions about one-fifth, European
Community-sponsored institutions 7%. and the new Arab-sponsored agencies 4%.
This distribution follows roughly the pattern of recent years, except that regional
banks had smaller shares (see Table 2).
4. The World Bank (IBRD); its soft loan affiliate, the International
Development Agency (IDA); and the International Monetary Fund (IMF), which
provides 7-year credits through the new Oil Facility (see Table 3), are the major
sources of global multilateral financial assistance.3 Other agencies of the United
Nations also provide small amounts of technical, social, and commodity assistance
on a worldwide basis (see Table 4). As a group, these multilateral organizations
provided $6.2 billion worth of aid during 1974.
5. Regional aid institutions did not emerge until 1959 with the establishment
of the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB). Subsequently, regional
development banks have been established for all areas of the Third World (see
Tables 5a, b, and c). They include banks for Central America, Africa, Asia, and
most recently (in 1970) for the Caribbean. All of the regional banks emphasize
assistance for regional social and economic development programs, especially
multinational projects or projects of common concern. As a group, regional banks
committed $1.8 billion worth of aid during 1974.
6. The regional development bank concept follows a uniform pattern ? most
are modeled after the World Bank. Usually the regional banks have been funded
by capital subscriptions from developing nations, only part of which is paid in.
This capital is used as guarantee for bond issues floated in private capital markets.
Most of the banks also have established soft loan windows similar to that of the
IDA that are funded by developed nation sponsors and by a part of the income
from banking operations.
7. Beyond the two broad groupings ? those with global interests and those
confined to specific regional interests ? there is a growing number of multilateral
aid organizations bound together by mutual political, commercial, religious, or
1. The LDCs include all countries of Africa except the Republic of South Africa; all countries of East
Asia except Hong Kong and Japan; Malta, Portugal, Romania, Spain, and Yugoslavia in Europe; and all countries
In Latin America, the Near East, and South Asia. ?
2. Aid from governments and international bodies whose members are governments..
3. The International Finance Corporation (IFC), also a World Bank affiliate, is not included as an aid donor,
because it provides risk capital to private entities.
Approved For Release 2000/05/15 'a CIA-RDP79T01098A000500080001-3