SOVIET ELECTRIC POWER INDUSTRY FULFILLS SEVEN-YEAR PLAN GOALS

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP79T01003A002500090001-4
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: C
• Document Page Count: 18
• Document Creation Date: November 16, 2016
• Document Release Date: November 5, 1999
• Sequence Number: 1
• Publication Date: March 1, 1966
• Content Type: BRIEF

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Office of Research and Reports
downgrading and
CONFIDENTIAL dac~ass ficgtian
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CIA /RR CB 66-5
March 1966
DIRECTORATE OF INTELLIGENCE
 Approved For Release 2000/Q4/j7N. 1A- E79 T011 0 QQ2500090001-4
SOVIET ELECTRIC POWER INDUSTRY
FULFILLS SEVEN-YEAR PLAN GOALS*
Summary
Production of electric power in the USSR in 1965 was
507 billion kilowatt-hours (kwh), 1/ compared with the annual
plan of 510 billion kwh. Z/ The percentage increase over the
previous year, 10. 5 percent, was the lowest since 1960. Al-
though production was within the range of the seven-year, plan
goal, the gap between Soviet and US production in 1965 was
greater than in 1958. More than 11, 000 megawatts (mw) of
new generating capacity was installed in 1965, 3/ the highest
annual level to date. The annual plan for installation of now
capacity was met, and the goal for the seven-year plan was
overfulfilled. The following tabulation shows planned and
actual production, and installation of capacity, for the seven-
year plan period.
1959-65
Plan Actual
Production (billion kwh) 500 to 520 507
Average annual increase (percent) 11.4 to 12.0 11.6
Capacity installed.(thousand.mw) 58 to 60 61
Of which:
Hydroelectric (thousand mw) 10 to 11 11.4
Thermal (thousand mw) 47 to 50 49.6
Average annual increase (percent) 11.0 to 11.3 11.5
The estimates and conclusions in this brief represent the
best judgment of this Office as of 2 March 1966.
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The failure to fulfill the 1965 plan and a performance
closer to the lower than to the higher limit of the seven-year
plan goal were almost certainly the result of inadequate de-
mand rather than a shortage of power. Installed capacity
was sufficient to have provided for a greater production of
electric power, had there been a demand for it. The recent
reduction in the 1970 plan for the production of electric power,
compared with Khrushchev's goal announced in 1961, reflects
a reduction in the goal for industrial production. As a result,
higher rates of growth will be required after 1970 if the
ambitious goal of overtaking the United States in production
of electric power by 1980 is to be achieved.
A number of technological achievements enabled the
Soviet electric power industry to make great strides during
the seven-year period. Among these were the construction
of large powerplants using new large-capacity equipment,
the introduction'of supercritical temperatures and pressures
at thermal powerplants, the use of the block principle in
powerplant construction, and the use of high voltages for
long-distance transmission of electric power. These
measures have helped to reduce the costs and to improve
the operating indexes of powerplants, to increase the
centralization of power-producing capacity, and to establish
unified transmission grids.
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The USSR produced 507 billion kwh of electric power in 1965,
slightly less than the annual goal of 510 billion kwh but within the
range of the goal of the seven-year plan. Installed capacity increased
at a satisfactory rate during the last few years of the seven-year
period and could easily have supported a higher level of production?
had there been a demand for it.
Although production in the USSR as a percentage of production
in the United States increased from 30. 6 percent in 1958 to 41.6 per-
cent in 1965, the gap between US and Soviet: production, measured in
kilowatt-hours, continued to widen (see Table 1 and Figure 1). .A
comparison of probable US production in 1970 with the Soviet produc-
tion goal for 1970, recently reduced from a range of 900 billion to
1, 000 billion to between 840 billion and 850 billion kwh, indicates
that the gap will be even greater in 1970. Lowering of the 1970
Soviet goal will necessitate a higher rate of growth after 1970 if the
goal of surpassing the United States in production of electric power
by 1980 is to be achieved.
USSR and US: Gross Production of Electric Power
Selected Years, 1958-70
Difference Between USSR as a.
USSR US US and USSR Percent of US
1958 235 768 533 30.6
1962 369 1,001 632 36,9
1964 459 1,147 688 40.0
1965 507 1,220 713 41.6
1966 (Plan) 560 1,290 730 43.4
1970 (Plan) 84o to 850 dL/ 1,630 790 to 780 51.5 to 52.1
a.--~.
b. Estimated on the basis of an average annual increase of 6 percent.
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2. Technical Achievements in Powerplant Construction
Soviet engineers introduced considerable new technology during the
seven-year plan, which had the effect of increasing efficiency and reduc-
ing costs. Equipment designed to operate at supercritical temperatures
and pressures was put into service, but problems of metallurgy which
have severely hampered successful operation of the generating units
probably will require several more years to overcome. Standard designs
were adopted for thermal powerplants, and the block principle, which
combines one boiler aggregate in a block with one turbine and one
transformer, was put into practice.
The capacities of individual new powerplants in the USSR and of the
new equipment being installed in the plants were increased considerably
during the seven-year period. In 1958 the largest thermal powerplant
in the USSR had a capacity of 700 mw. At the end of 1965 there were
12 thermal powerplants with capacities of 1, 000. mw or more. The
largest plant, the Pridneprovskaya GRES in the Ukraine, reached a
capacity of 2, 100 mw in 1965, 5/ thereby becoming the largest thermal
powerplant in the world, surpassing the Ravenswood powerplant in New
York, which reached 1, 800 mw in 1965. Thermal generating units of
100 mw, 150 mw, 200 mw, and 300 mw capacity were installed in large
numbers during 1959-65, as shown in the following tabulation:
1959-65
Size of Unit
(Megawatts)
Plan /
(Units)
Actual
(Units)
100
46
56
150
27
58
200
38
48
300
28
11
600
2
0
All of the above measures helped to reduce the cost of construction
and to increase the operating efficiency of the powerplants. The average
consumption of standard fuel in thermal powerplants was reduced from
485 grams per kilowatt-hour in 1958 7/ to 414 grams per kilowatt-hour
in 1965. 8/ The average cost of construction of thermal powerplants was
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reduced from 150 rubles* per kilowatt during 1953-58 to 140 rubles
per kilowatt during 1959-65. 9/
A much larger reduction was achieved in the cost of construction
of hydroelectric powerplants, from 341 rubles per kilowatt in 1953-58
to 214 rubles per kilowatt in 1959-65. 10/ This large decrease in cost
was due mainly to the utilization of economical sites in East Siberia,
where favorable natural conditions keep basic construction work to
a minimum.
An achievement of the seven-year plan was the construction of
the Bratsk hydroelectric powerplant in East Siberia with an operating
capacity of 3, 825 mw, which will be increased to 4, 500 mw in the next
two years. 11/ The Bratsk GES is at present almost twice the size of
the largest hydroelectric powerplant in the US. Construction of the
5, 000-mw Krasnoyarsk GES in East Siberia is well along, and a num-
ber of other very large hydroelectric powerplants are under construc-
tion.
The construction and operation of the 300-mw thermal generating
units, which are designed to operate at supercritical steam pressures,
have not been fully mastered and these units are still causing diffi-
culties, particularly in the boiler aggregates. Because of difficulties
in achieving operation at supercritical parameters, probably only a
small part of the economies anticipated from installation of these
units was realized. The plan for a 600-mw unit was discarded in
favor of 500-mw units, the first of which has been produced and is
to be installed in 1966. 12/ An 800-mw unit has been designed and
is now being constructed, with installation planned in the next few
years. -
3. Technical Achievements in Transmission of Electric Power
The USSR leads the world in the high-voltage transmission of
electric power. During the period of the seven-year plan, the length
of high-voltage (35 kilovolt and above) transmission lines increased
by over 200 percent 13/ and the plan goal was overfulfilled. More
than 8, 000 kilometers of 500-kilovoit (kv) alternating current trans-
mission lines were put into operation; 14/ by contrast, the first
* A nominal rate of exchange based on the gold content of the respec-
tive currencies is 0. 90 ruble to US $1. This rate, however, does not
necessarily reflect the dollar purchasing power of the ruble.
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500-kw transmission line in the Western world was put into operation
in the US in 1965. An experimental 800-kv direct current transmission
line was constructed from Volgograd to the Donbas, and an experi-
mental 750-kv alternating current line is now under construction be-
tween Moscow and Konakovo, 90 kilometers to the north. The operating
experience with these lines is expected to aid in planning the future
transmission of electric power over distances of 1, 000 to 2, 500 kilo-
meters.
Nine large power systems are now in operation in the USSR. 15/
A number of these power systems have been joined to form a united
power network for the European part of the USSR (see Figure 2), with
a total capacity of 50, 000 mw. 16/ This system is the basis for a
planned national united power network which is expected to link all
major industrial regions in the country over the next five years.
The increase in transmission lines. and the growth of large power
systems made it possible for the USSR to increase centralized power
?pr.oduction'from_85. 5percent of the total electric power produced in
1958 17/ to about 93 percent in 1965. This development enabled Soviet
engineers to retire hundreds of small, uneconomic powerplants and
helped to reduce the average cost of production of electric power.
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Grass Production of Electric Power
100
CONFIDENTIAL.
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1958-70
 ;4A
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Reba
CONFIDENTIAL
European USSR
United Power System
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Transmission lines of 220, 330, 500
and higher kilovolts are shown.
Gor'kiy Cheboksary
Ryazan' ' UI'yanovsk
Lipetsk]~'
Kursk `J/ ,
Voronezh
Zhitomir
Simferopol'
Cherkassy\
Kremenchug
Slavyansk
Lugansk
Figure 2
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25X1A
Pravda, 3 Feb 66, p. 1.
U.
Elektricheskiye stantsii,
no 1, Jan 65, p. 2.
U.
Pravda,
3 Feb 66, p. 2.
U.
Pravda,
20 Feb 66, p. 2.
U.
Pravda,
30 Dec 65, p. 1.
U.
6. Teploenergetika, no 5, May 59, p. 4. U.
7. Narodnoye khozyaystvo S_SSR v 1964, p. 160. U.
8. Pravda, 30 Dec 66, p. 1. U.
9. Ekonomicheskaya gazeta, no 46, Nov 65, p. 4. U.
10. Ibid. , p. 5.
11. FBIS. Economic Abstract Card, 66 H 0546, Irkutsk,
15 Jan 66. OFF USE.
12. Pravda, 12 Jan 66, p. 1. U.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
25X1A
13. FBIS. Daily Report (USSR and East Europe), no 3, 5 Jan 66,
p. cc-2. OFF USE
14. Gt.'Brit, BBC. Summary of World Broadcasts, Weekly
S
upplement no 183, t T. TTq.'qP 12 Oct 62, p. B-6. U
15. Ekonomicheskaya gazeta, no 46, Nov 65, p. 5. U.
16. Elektricheskiye stantsii, Dec 65, p. 5. U.
17. Narodnoye khozyaystvo SSSR v 1964, p. 159. U.
Analyst:
25X1A
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CONFIDENTIAL
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 25X1A
Analyst: R/FP
25X1A (Project 25. 5307)
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CONTROL RECORD FOR SUPPLEMENTAL DISTRIBUTION
SERIES NUMBER
CIA/RR CB 66-5
CLASSIFICATION OF REPORT
CONFIDENTIAL
DISTRIBUTION TO RC
50
DATE OF DOCUMENT
March 1966
NUMBER OF COPIES
290
NUMBER IN RC
COPY
RECIPIENT
DATE.
NO. (S)
SENT
RETURNED
1
D/ORR
7 Mar 66
_
2-3
DD/ORR
I
_
4
EXPS /ORR
5
SA/RR
"
11
6
St/P
8 Mar 66
7
OCR
8
CGS/HR/O s, 1G81, H
9
10- 14
15
16
17-19
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22 23 24 25 26-28
29-67
Filed in St/P/C
8 Mar 66
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 COPY
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 t Approved For Release 2000/04/1
01003A002500090001-4
St/A/DS Distributon of Intelligence Brief No. 66-5,, Soviet Electric
Power Industry Fulfill, Seven-Year Plan Coale --- March 1966
(CONFIDENTIAL
No. of Copies
5
k
Recipient
O/DDI, Room 7E32, Hq.
JK
woosft
1 C
h/E
3 D/ONE
6 St/CS
1 St/PR
7 D/T (1 each branch)
7 D/R (1 each branch)
1 MRA and St/PS
5 D/P (1 each branch)
6 D/F (1 each branch)
6 D/I (1 each branch)
5 D/A (1 each branch)
1 D/OBI
2 GD/OBI
2 CD/OBI
1 CD/X/OBI
7 RID/SS/DS, Unit 4, Room 1B4004, Hq.
1 St/P/A
1 St/FM
1 Analyst /Branch R/FP)
1 GR/CR
1 BR/CR
1 FIB/SR/CR, Room 1G27, Hq.
1 Library/CR
1 IPI/CR
1 Archival File - Records Center
1 Chief, OCR/FDD
1 DCS/SD
1 OCI/SA/R, Room 5G19, Hq.
1 DDI/CGS, Room 7G00, Hq.
2 DDI/CGS/HR, Room 7G00, Hq.
1 DDI/RS, Room 4G39, Hq.
3 D/OSI
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1 DD/S&T/SpINT
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1 NPIC/CSD/REF, Room 1S518, 25X1A
1 CIA Liaison Office, NSA, Room 3W136, Ft. Meade
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1G State, INR Communications Center, Room 6527,
State Dept. Bldg.
4 USIA, IRS/A, Room 1002, 1750 Pennsylvania Avenue,
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~'1rFxne~cg~l~r~~~ea' ~. t
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Total: 290 copies
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 Prc pplr ied Fo RO a 2000/04/17: CIAeR T& 04Q03A$102'S0 860G1-4
Title: Soviet Electric Power Industry Fulfills Seven-Year Plan Coals
(CONFIDENTIAL)
Responsible Analyst and Branch R/FP
e-Berlin, Germany
Bucharest, Romania
Budapest, Hungary
cow, USSR
Prague, Czechoslovakia
Sofia, Bulgaria
Warsaw, Poland
Europe
Belgrade, Yugoslavia
Bern, Switzerland
Bonn, Germany
Katmandu, Nepal
Bangkok, Thailand
Djakarta, Indonesia
Hong Kong
Rangoon, Burma
Kuala Lumpur, Malaya
Saigon, Vietnam
Seoul, Korea
Singapore
Taipei, Formosa
Tokyo, Japan
Vientiane, Laos
Colombo, Ceylon
Brussels
Bel
ium
,
g
Copenhagen, Denmark
Near East & South Asia.
Munich, Germany
Geneva, Switzerland
Helsinki, Finland
The Hague, Netherlands
Lisbon, Portugal
London, England
Luxembourg, Luxembourg
Madrid, Spain
Ankara, Turkey
Athens, Greece
Cairo, Egypt
Damascus, Syria
Kabul, Afghanistan
Karachi, Pakistan
New Delhi, India
Oslo, Norway
Nicosia,
Cyprus
Paris, France
Tehran,
Iran
Rome, Italy
Baghdad,
Iraq
Stockholm, Sweden
Tel Aviv,
Israel
Vienna, Austria
Beirut, Lebanon
Amman, Jordon
Jidda, Saudi Arabia
Aden, Aden Protectorate
Wellington, New Zealand
Kuwait, Kuwait
Manila, Philippines
Canberra, Australia
Melbourne, Australia
Ottawa, Canada
M10 017 : 1& '6 ~7flqi
d6:=^gradin and
deal'?>' i eafion
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Yaounde, Cameroun
Leopoldville, Congo
Addis Ababa, Ethopia
Accra, Ghana
Abidjan, Ivory Coast
Nairobi, Kenya
Monrovia, Liberia
Tripoli, Libya
Rabat, Morocco
Lagos, Nigeria
Mogadiscio, Somalia
Khartoum, Sudan
Tunis, Tunisia.
Pretoria, South Africa
Algiers, Algeria
Cotonou, Dahomey
Dakar, Senegal
Bamako, Mali
Dar es Salaam., Tanzania
Lusaka, Zambia
Buenos Aires, Argentina
La Paz, Bolivia
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Santiago, Chile
Bogota, Colombia
San Jose, Costa Rica
Santo Domingo;, D. R.
Quito, Ecuador
San Salvador, Guatemala
Guatemala, Guatemala
Port au Prince, Haiti
Tegucigalpa, Honduras
Kingston, Jamaica.
Mexico, Mexico
Managua, Nicaragua
Panama, Panama
Asuncion, Paraguay
Lima, Peru
Port of Spain, Trinidad
Montevideo, Uruguay
Caracas, Venezuela
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