FOREIGN SHIPPING TO NORTH VIETNAM IN SEPTEMBER 1965

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP79T01003A002400100001-3
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 19
• Document Creation Date: December 9, 2016
• Document Release Date: April 24, 2001
• Sequence Number: 1
• Publication Date: October 1, 1965
• Content Type: BRIEF

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NO !'O1U'1CN 1)ISSI-;M
(;IA/1. R CF; 65-6'0
October 1965
SHIPPING TO NORTH VIETNAM IN `SEPTEMBER 1365
WARNING NOTICE-SENSITIVE
SOURCES AND METHODS INVOLVEb
DIRECTORATE OF INTELLIGENCE
'Office of Research and Reports
NO FOREIGN DISSEM
proved For Release 2001/05/17: CIA-F& 03A002400100001-3
GROW)
Excluded from automat
downgrading. and
deelossificabon
C;ooppy No.
 Approved For Release 2001/05/17 : CIA-RDP79TO1003AO02400100001-3
This material contains information affecting
the National Defense of the United States
within the meaning of the espionage laws,
Title 18, USC, Sees. 793 and 794, the trans-
mission or revelation of which in any manner
to an unauthorized person is prohibited by law.
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 Approved For Release 2001/05/17 : CIA-RDP79T01003A002400100001-3
FOREWORD
The data in this publication are preliminary and subject to mod.ifica-
tion as additional information becomes available. Significant changes may
occur in data on ship arrivals and cargoes from Communist China and, to
a lesser extent, in data on cargoes carried by ships of the Free World.
Data, on Soviet and Eastern European ship arrivals and cargoes and on Free
World ship arrivals are not likely to be changed significantly. As required,
changes will be reported in subsequent publications.
iii.? --
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S-E-C--R-E-T
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O 3. 002400100001-3
FOREIGN SHIPPING TO NORTH VIETNAM IN-SEPTEMBER 1965
Arrivals of all foreign merchant ships at North Vietnamese ports
during September were the lowest for any month in 1965. * Calls by Free
World ships at North Vietnamese ports decreased to 11 in September,
which is less than half of the monthly average for the first nine months
of 1965, and the lowest number since April. There were no exports of
apatite, North Vietnam's principal export, or of pig iron during the
month. Exports of anthracite increased slightly, and the possible re-
entry of Japanese-flag shipping into the coal trade with North Vietnam
threatens a significant breach in US policies designed to keep Free World
shipping out of the trade.
A total of 29 foreign merchant ships called at North Vietnam's ports
in September, compared with 36 in August and with a monthly average
of 44 thus far this year, as follows:
August
September
Monthly Average
January-Se
te
b
1
6
p
m
er
9
5
Total
36
29
44
Communist countries
24
18
20
USSR
7
3
6
Eastern Europe
3
3
4
Communist China
14+
12
10
Free World
12
11
Most of the decline in foreign arrivals during September was in
Communist shipping. The sharp decline in the number of Soviet arrivals,
however, probably was only temporary. Of the three Soviet ships that
arrived at North Vietnamese ports during the month, one was a tanker,
which delivered the first shipment of Soviet petroleum since June. Calls
by Chinese Communist ships, although fewer than in August, outnumbered
calls by ships of all other flags. No seaborne shipments were identified
as arms or ammunition during September.
The downward trend in Free World shipping to North Vietnam since
January is due principally to increased US involvement in Vietnam. In
July the US began to bomb the rail line leading from the mines at Lao Cai
For details, see Tables 1 through 4.
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to Haiphong. In spite of North Vietnamese efforts to restore this rail
line, no apatite was available for loading at Haiphong in September.
As a result, Free World shipping has continued to decline.
I. Communist Shipping
Arrivals of Communist ships at North Vietnamese ports declined
from Z4 in August to 18 in September but outnumbered those of Free
World ships for the second consecutive month. Chinese Communist
ships continued to account for the greatest share of Communist ship-
ping with 1Z calls; Soviet and Polish ships made three calls each.
The cause of the sharp decline in the number of Soviet ships call-
ing at North Vietnamese ports is not apparent and probably is only
temporary. One of the Soviet arrivals provided the first tanker de-
livery of Soviet petroleum to North Vietnam since June. In spite of
this delivery, total imports on Soviet ships declined about 12, 200
metric tons (mt) in September, principally in the categories of miscel-
laneous cargoes and fertilizers. Exports aboard Soviet ships also
decreased by about 11, 100 mt. Because of this decline, Soviet ships
carried only 39 percent of identified imports in September, compared
with 86 percent in August, and 10 percent of identified exports, com-
pared with 24 percent in August.
An interesting sidelight to Chinese Communist shipping to North
Vietnam occurred when the Malgorzata Fornalska, a ship of the Chinese-
Polish Ocean Shipping Lines (Chipolbrok), arrived in Haiphong under
the Polish flag and left Haiphong under the flag of Communist China.
The transfer of this ship to the Chinese Ocean Shipping Company is the
third transfer within the last two months to Chinese Communist registry
of a ship jointly owned with Chipolbrok or with the Czechoslovak Ocean
Shipping International Joint Stock Company (Plavba). These transfers
may stem from the policy of Communist China to expand its international
merchant fleet, from a reluctance of the Czechoslovak and Polish partners
to be involved with the Chinese Communists in trade with North Vietnam,
or from a combination of the two factors.
II. Free World Shipping
Calls by Free World ships at North Vietnamese ports decreased
from 12 in August to 11 in September, which is less than half of the
monthly average for the first nine months of 1965 and the lowest number
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since April, when only 8 Free World ships called at North Vietnam.
Of the total number of calls by Free World ships, ships of UK registry
accounted for eight and Norwegian ships for three. The absence of
calls by ships of other flags in September is not especially significant.
Ships of at least one other Free World country are en route to North
Vietnam and probably will arrive in October. Of the 10 Free World
ships-'-* calling at North Vietnam in September, 3 were under charter
to Communist China, 3 to North Vietnam, 2 to the USSR, 1 to Cuba,.
and 1 of unknown' charter.
Although the downward trend in Free World shipping to North
Vietnam since January is due principally to increased US involvement
in Vietnam, lack of apatite for export is the principal reason for the
declines in August and September. Loadings of apatite ceased shortly
after the US began in July to bomb the rail line leading from the mines
at Lao Cai to Haiphong. In spite of North Vietnamese efforts to restore
the line, no apatite was loaded in September. Anthracite constituted
86 percent of the exports carried by Free World ships in September;
the remaining 14 percent consisted of cement and general cargo.
Fertilizer and general cargo were the only identified imports on Free
World ships.
Despite the slight decline in arrivals in September, Free World
ships increased their share of North Vietnam's seaborne trade, as
follows (in percent):
Identified Seaborne Trade
Carried in Free World. Ships
September
1965
Monthly Average
January-September
1965
Total
74
69
Imports
ti8
32
Exports
86
82
Restrictions imposed by Japanese shipowners and seamen's unions
in late March and by the Lebanese government in June continued to be
effective in September. A Lebanese-flag ship under charter to Corn-
monist China, which was scheduled to load sugar in Cuba for North
Vietnam, is now reported to be en route to Communist China. Rumors
The 10 Free World ships made 11 calls at North Vietnamese ports
during the month,
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that the Greek government also may adopt legislation restricting Greek-
flag ships from trade with North Vietnam have not been confirmed, but
no Greek ships are known to be in the trade at present. The owners of
a Greek-flag ship (also under charter to Communist China), which was
scheduled to load flour at Savona, Italy, for North Vietnam requested
the charterers to cancel the Haiphong call because of the unwillingness
of the crew to call at North Vietnam.
It is possible that Japanese-flag ships may reenter the North
Vietnamese trade. The Japan-Vietnam Trade Association, concerned
over the continued chartering of foreign-flag ships to transport coal
from North Vietnam to Japan,* sent a representative to North Vietnam
in July to explore the feasibility of returning Japanese-flag ships to
the trade. The Association also has asked its 70 member firms to
reopen the route to Hon Gai, North Vietnam, with their own vessels.
Talks also have been started with the All-Japanese Seamen's Union,
which had been primarily responsible for the withdrawal of Japanese
ships from the trade late in March 1965. The Japanese shipping
industry is now reported to be ready to offer extra wages to crews
sailing to North Vietnam under an agreement similar to that already
reached with the union for crews sailing to South Vietnam. The owners
hope to recoup the additional costs through increased freight rates.
Reentry of Japanese-flag ships in the North Vietnamese trade would
represent a significant breach in US policies designed to keep
Free World shipping out of the trade.
Costs are increasing fcr some UK-flag ships that call at North
Vietnam in the same way that costs increased for Norwegian and
Danish ships. A UK-flag ship arrived at North Vietnam in September
under a charter to Cuba that provided for additional war risk insurance,
bonuses to crews, and the right of the master to leave the area in the
event of unwarranted risk to ship or crew.
III. Cargoes
In spite of the decrease in the number of ship arrivals, the volume
of identified North Vietnamese seaborne foreign trade in September
increased to about 132, 300 mt -- 15, 100 mt more than the volume for
August, which was the lowest monthly volume thus far in 1965. The
combined volume of imports and exports increased slightly in September
but remained well below the -average for the first nine months of 1965.
In September, 11 UK, one Malaysian, and one Soviet ship carried coal
from North Vietnam to Japan.
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The above data include only a small part of the cargoes carried by
Chinese Communist ships. Of the twelve calls by these ships, the only
imports identified were 800 mt of salt and 2, 500 mt of miscellaneous
exports -- feathers, rubber footwear, and clothing. No seaborne ship-
ments were identified as arms or ammunition during September.
Anthracite was the principal export cargo in September. Loadings
increased slightly from about 68, 200 mt in August to 71, 900 mt in.
September. The major recipients were Japan and Cuba. Shipload
quantities also moved to Singapore and Communist China. Anthracite
shipped to Japan totaled 39, 000 mt, 11, 000 mt less than the 50, 000 mt
that Japanese industry reportedly requires each month from North
Vietnam.
No exports of pig iron from North Vietnamese ports were reported
for September. Exports of this commodity, however, vary widely
from month to month. Thus, although pig iron shipments averaged
more than 5, 000 mt per month during the first eight months of the
year, they fell to 136 mt in April, and none moved at all in May.
The volume of imports arriving in North Vietnam by sea rose from
about 32, 500 mt in August to 40, 700 mt in September. The volumes
of both petroleum and fertilizer increased, and shipments of bulk food-
stuffs and timber, which ceased temporarily in August, were resumed.
The volumes of all the commodities imported were below the monthly
average for the same commodities during the preceding eight months
of 1965.
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Foreign-Flag Ship Arrivals in North Vietnam
August, September, and January-September 1965
August
September
January-September
Percent
Percent
Percent
of
of
of
Flag
Number
Total a/
Number
Total -a/
Number
Total
Total
36
100.0
29
100.0
399
100.0
Communist countries
24
66.7
18
62.1
187
46.9
USSR
7
19.4
3
10.3
58
14.5
Eastern Europe
3
8.3
3
10.3
37
9.3
Albania
1
2.8
1
0.3
Bulgaria
2
0.5
Czechoslovakia
4
1.0
Poland
2
5.6
3
10.3
30
7.5
14
38.9
12
41.4
92
23.1
12
33.3
11
37.9
212
53.1
Cyprus
1
2.8
1
0.3
France
1
0.3
Greece
25
6.3
Italy
1
0.3
Japan
37
9.3
Lebanon
9
2.3
Liberia
3
0.8
Malta
1
2.8
2
0.5
Netherlands
5
1.3
Norway
3
8.3
3
10.3
26
6.5
Panama
1
0.3
United Kingdom
7
19.4
8
27.6
101
25.3
a. Because of rounding, components may not add to totals shown.
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Tonnage of Foreign-Flag Ship Arrivals in'North Vietnam a/
August, September, and Cumulative January-September 1965
August
September
Cumulative
January-September
Thousand
Gross
Thousand
Gross
Thousand
Gross
Flag
Num-
ber
Register
Tons
Num-
ber
Register
Tons
Num-
ber
Register
Tons
Total
L6
188.8
29
14o.o
X99
7
Communist countries
24
124.6
18
81.. 5
.
187
936.6
USSR
7
57.2
3
23.9
58
_;69.7
Eastern Europe
3
22.4
3
19.1
37
254.8
Communist China
14
45.0
12
38.5
92
_{12.1
Free World
12
64.2
11
58.5
212
999.1
a. Many Soviet and Eastern European ships calling at North Vietnamese
ports pick up or discharge only small parts of their total cargoes in
North Vietnam, and many of the Free World ships merely pick up export
cargoes. For this reason, with the possible exception of Chinese
Communist ships, the aggregate tonnage of ships calling does not corre-
spond to the actual volume of cargoes moving into and out of North
Vietnam. These data are of value, however, as indications of relative
changes in the volume of shipping.
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Identified North Vietnamese Imports
Carried by Foreign-Flag Ships J
September 1965
Ammonium
Sulfate Grain and
and Other Petro- Other Bulk Miscel-
Flag Fertilizers leum Foodstuffs laneous Total
Total 2 1 4? 16.3 4
Communist countries 0 10.7 4+.14 6.2 21.3
USSR 10.7 0.7 4.4 ,15.$
Eastern Europe 3.7 1.0 4.7
Communist China b 0.8 0.8
Free World 9.3 0 0 10.1 19.4
a. Identified imports include some estimates of bulk cargoes using
methods which have proved to be highly reliable.
b. An additional unknown quantity of imports was carried.
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Identified North Vietnamese Exports
Carried by Foreign-Flag Ships a/
September 1965
Thousand Metric Tons
Commodity
Flag
Coal
Apatite
Cement
Miscel-
laneou
s
Total
Total
9
7? .
0
8.0
7
11
6
1
.
.
9
Communist countri
es 4.o
0
0
8
7
12
.
.7
USSR
4.0
5.5
9.5
Eastern Europe
0.6
0.6
Communist China
2.5
2.5
Free World
67.9
0
8.o
3
0
8
.
7
.9
a. Identified exports include some estimates of bulk cargoes using
methods which have proved to be highly reliable. Because of rounding,
components may not add to totals shown.
b. An additional unknown quantity of exports was carried.
Analysts:
25X1A
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NO FOREIGN DISSEM
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SECRET
 CONTROL RECORD FOR SUPPLEMENTAL DISTRIBUTION 25X1A
SERIES NUMBER
CIA RR CB 65-60
CLASSIFICATION OF REPORT
SECRET/NFD
DISTRIBUTION TO RC
50
DATE OF DOCUMENT
October 1965
NUMBER OF COPIES 25X1 A
300
NUMBER I N RC
COPY
RECIPIENT
DATE
NO. (S)
SENT
RETURNED
192
CGS /HR/O s 1G81 H q.
18 Oct 65
193
St/P
II
194
OCR
II
195
cJ
196-20
201
202
203-20
ar
206
207
25X1 C
208
44
209
210
_
211-21
216
217
218
219
220
221-25
Filed in St/P/C
18 Oct 65
25X1A
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St/A/DS Distribution of Current Support Brief No. . 65-6O, Shipping to
North Vietnam in September 1965 .-- October 1965 (SECRETING WO IG
Copy No.
Recipient
1 - 5
25X1A ^
O/DDI, Room 7E32, H
6
O / DDI
,
7
D/ORR { carr'e ' y St/P/C an 15 Oct 65)
8& 9
DD/ORR (hand carried by St/P/C on 15 Oct 65)
1S#
SA/RR (hand carried by St/P/C on, 15 Oct 65)
10
Ch/E
11
- 13
D/ONE
14
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St/CS
20
St/PR
21
- 27
D/'1; (1 each branch)
28
- 34
D/R (1 each branch)
35
MRA
36
- 40
D/P (1 each branch)
41
- 46
D/F (1 each branch)
47
St/PS
48
- 53
D/.I (1 each branch)
54
- 58
D/A (1 each branch)
59
- 60
GD/OBI
61
- 62
CD/OBI
63
CD/X/OBI
64
- 69
Room
1B
4004, Hq.
70
t P A
25X1A
71
St/FM
72
Analyst/B ranch
T/IS)
73
GR/CR
74
BR/CR
75
FIB/SR/CR, Room 1G27, Hq.
76
Library/CR
77
IPI/CR
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Archival File - Records Center
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82
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83
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CROUP 1
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86.88
89
91-92
93
4
95 - 103
D/OSI
D/OBI
DD /S& T/SpIN T
OTR/IS/IP, Room 532, 1000 Glebe (1 - OTR/SIC) 25X1 A
NPIC/CSD/REF, Room 15518,
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State, INR Communications Center, Room 6527, State Dept. B14
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131
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oom
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acility, USASSD
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22. October 1965
MEMORANDUM FOR: Chief, Dissemination Control Branch, DD/CR
FROM : Acting Chief, Publications Staff, ORR
SUBJECT Transmittal of Material
It is requested that the attached copies of CIA RR CB 65_
to North Vietnam in Sept r 196 , October 19b5, Secret N5 FOREIGN
State, INR Communications Center,
Room 6527, State Dept. Bldg.
Suggested distribution for
Embassies in Canberra, Melbourne,
Bangkok, Hong Kong, Singapore,
and Tokyo
the d,ssemmation teed by
this memorandum has bean wmp149i
t-1s
Owe: f,2 CPS. S
Attachments:
Copies #226 - #"231 of CB 65-60
cc: CGS/RAE
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 pproved For Release 2001/05/17 : CIA-RQQ11)03A002400100001-3
Project No.
Report Series CIA/RR CB 65-60
Title: Foreign Shipping to North Vietnam in September 1965 (SECRET/NO
FOREIGN DISSEM)
Responsible Analyst and Branch - T/IS
RECOMMENDED DISTRIBUTION TO STATE POSTS
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Moscow, USSR
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Belgrade, Yugoslavia
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