NATIONAL INTELLIGENCE BULLETIN

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP79T00975A030400010114-7
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: T
• Document Page Count: 13
• Document Creation Date: December 19, 2016
• Document Release Date: July 15, 2005
• Sequence Number: 114
• Publication Date: December 21, 1977
• Content Type: REPORT

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NATIONAL INTELLIGENCE DAILY CABLE
Wednesday 21 December 1977 CG NIDC 77/295C
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NATIONAL SECURITY INFORMATION
Unauthorized Disclosure Subject to Criminal Sanctions
AMEMS
Top Secret
ation
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National Intelligence Daily Cable for Wednesday, 21 December
1977.
IT he N D Cable is for
informing senior US officials.
INTERNATIONAL: Antarctic Fishing
EAST GERMANY: Far East Tour
OPEC: Pres. Perez Opens Meeting
BRIEFS:
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INTERNATIONAL: Antarctic Fishing
ndustrialized countries with large distant-water
fishing eets whose scope of operations is being curtailed
by the proliferation of national 200-mile coastal fishing zones
are showing increased interest in krill. These tiny planktonic
crustaceans are the largest single source of animal protein
left on earth. They Zive in great abundance in the seas off
Antarctica.
The Japanese this year sent a fleet of 10 trawlers
and support ships to Antarctic waters to refine harvesting and
processing techniques in preparation for full-scale commercial
krill fishing. At least three other nations are also sending
fleets to the area, causing concern among the Antarctic Treaty
nations about the possibility of uncontrolled exploitation.
It is estimated that at least 100 million tons of
krill could be harvested annually without endangering the stocks.
This quantity would be nearly half again as great as the 69-
million-ton fish harvests the world has averaged annually over
the past five years.
Krill harvesting and processing, however, have so far
proven expensive and difficult. Tremendous amounts of fuel are
required to reach the remote southern ocean, sea ice and storms
make navigation hazardous, and the very size of an individual
krill and the rapidity with which it decomposes upon removal
from the near-freezing sea are problems requiring the develop-
ment of whole new processing techniques.
The Japanese have conducted a pilot fishery for krill
each austral summer since 1972. Last year a Japanese fleet of
five ships delivered 12,000 tons of frozen krill to markets in
Japan. The fleet of trawlers and support ships that left Japan
on 18 November plans a four-month voyage to the Antarctic fish-
ing area to cach some 8,000 tons.
The USSR, which has fished off Antarctica since 1967,
began concentrating on krill in 1971. The Soviets market a va-
riety of krill products including a sandwich spread, a high
protein food additive, and whole frozen krill, but consumer
reaction is mixed. Descriptions of the products' taste range
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 from like lobster to like engine oil. The Soviets appear to be
preparing their Bellinghausen research station in the South
Shetland Islands as a support base for their Antarctic fishing
fleet and will undoubtedly send a fishing fleet to the area
this season.
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truncated coastal fishing zones--are also expected to survey
the Antarctic krill resource. Two West German ships experimented
with a variety of harvesting and on-board processing techniques
during the 1975-76 season, and the Germans are confident that a
viable krill fishery is possible. The Poles also began a krill
fishery in the 1975-76 season with two ships. Last season they
sent five ships and constructed a permanent research and support
base in the South Shetlands.
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West Germany and Poland--two countries with severely
Chile and the Republic of China have fished for krill
on a lesser scale. The Chileans sent one ship in 1975 and the
Chinese sent one last season. The two countries have explored
the possibility of a joint venture in which the Chinese would
provide the expertise and the Chileans, who are closer to the
fishing area, would provide land-based support and processing
facilities.
Norway may continue a krill survey begun last season
as part of the country's renewed interest in the natural re-
sources in its Antarctic claim. Norway feels little pressure
for quick development of an Antarctic krill fishery, however,
because it has exclusive control over rich fishing grounds in
the Barents and Norwegian Seas by virtue of its 200-mile coastal
fishing zone.
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The 13 nations signatory to the 1961 Antarctic Treaty
and charged by it with responsibility for conserving and pre-
serving Antartic living resources are concerned about uncontrolled
exploitation of krill. The signatories agreed at their most
recent consultative meeting in September to negotiate an in-
ternational conservation convention to regulate Antarctic fish-
ing before the end of 1978. Such a treaty would probably allow
any nation willing to sign it and abide by its rules to fish
off Antarctica, but first the negotiators must agree on how to
manage the resource, allocate it equitably, and enforce the
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I East German party and state chief Honecker,
accompanie y other senior officials, visited Vietnam, the
Philippines, and North Korea earlier this month. The stop in
Hanoi evidently went reasonably well, but differences of opin-
ion became evident in Manila and especially in Pyongyang.
The trip was part of East Germany's efforts to drum
up trade, show the flag, and appear independent and sovereign.
Economic discussions played a part at each stop, but it is un-
likely that increased East German exports to these countries
would have a significant impact on East Germany's total foreign
trade. While Honecker was in the Far East, other high-level
East Germans were touring the Middle East and Africa.
The stop in the Philippines was Honecker's first of-
ficial visit to a non-Communist nation, while the visits to
Vietnam and North Korea were his first to those countries. He
has now visited every Communist country except China and Al-
bania.
The visit to Vietnam from 1 to 6 December was the
longest one of the tour and evidently the most successful from
East Germany's point of view. Its highlight was the signing of
a 25-year treaty of friendship and cooperation. This is the
first such treaty between Vietnam and an East European country.
The two countries also signed a trade agreement calling for a
15-percent increase in trade for 1978.
While in Vietnam, Honecker used every available pub-
lic opportunity to praise the Soviet Union and President Brezh-
nev. He also supported the Vietnamese position that the US, under
Article 21 of the Paris Agreement, is obligated to carry out
postwar reconstruction in Vietnam.
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The visit to the Philippines from 6 to 8 December,
apparently initiated by the East Germans, was largely ceremonial.
A small trade agreement was signed. Some differences of opinion
apparently arose; there was no reference to full agreement on
all points discussed, and there was no reference to the Middle
East or to the Quadripartite Agreement--topics found in the
communique with Hanoi.
The stop in Pyongyang from the 8th to the 11th was
evidently the low point of the trip. East Germany probably hoped
to discuss economic problems during this stop, and perhaps act
as a spokesman for Soviet policies at a time when Soviet - North
Korean relations are in a downward swing.
The North Koreans treated Honecker correctly, but with
less warmth than they have recently shown other top-level visi-
tors from Communist countries. Differences of opinion were re-
flected in speeches by Honecker and President Kim it-Song and
in the joint communique. For example, there were no references
to the Middle East nor any mention of "complete agreement" on
subjects of mutual interest.
Communiques issued after Kim's talks with other Commu-
nist leaders in recent years have made reference to expanding
or developing relations. The North Korean news agency's version
of Honecker's speech omitted several references praising the
contributions of the Soviet Union.
There have been economic problems between the two.
In 1976 North Korea fulfilled only 50 percent of its export
commitments to East Germany. The East German case is not unique,
however, because Pyongyang has not fulfilled export plans with
other states.
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OPEC: Pres. Perez Opens Meeting
I //Venezuelan President Perez opened the ministerial
meeting of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries
yesterday by calling for a 5- to 8-percent increase in oil
prices for 1978 and using the additional revenues to reduce
the massive external debts of the developing countries. While
there is no chance that the cartel will accept the proposal, it
saves Perez from the embarrassment of either backing away from
support for a price hike or directly confronting the strong
pressure for a price freeze. By citing humanitarian reasons
for his proposal, Perez may have hoped to steal some of the
favorable international publicity that proponents of a freeze
have generated.//
I //Perez was on the spot as he played host to the
opening session. His public support for an increase in crude oil
prices has made a last-minute concession politically difficult.
At the same time, continuing pressure by Saudi Arabia, Iran,
and others to force a price freeze has made the Venezuelan posi-
tion a losing proposition.//
I //In his address, Perez apparently was trying to
minimize his potential political losses. He may even have been
seeking to keep alive the possibility that OPEC will approve a
price increase this week. He knows, however, that he stands
alone in suggesting that the additional revenues be given away.//
//Perez has proposed similar schemes in the past,
including a plan to discount oil prices for developing countries,
but all have been rejected by OPEC price hawks and moderates
alike. Members of the cartel have repeatedly said that distri-
bution of aid to non-OPEC developing countries is not a proper
function of the cartel.//
//Proponents of a freeze are arguing that economic
recovery in the major industrial countries would be endangered
by a price increase now. Perez has countered by asserting that
channeling the extra revenue into poorer countries would create
new markets for industrial economies. His reasoning will help
him politically at home and in other developing nations, and
that may be all that he really expects./
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TASS issued a generally positive commentary yesterday
on the recent round of US-Soviet talks on the Indian Ocean. It
stressed, however, that these talks were only a first step and
that the USSR is still pushing for more "daring and radical"
measures to ensure peace in the region.
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servative groups in the US that are opposed to the talks, and
again called for the dismantling of foreign military bases in
the Indian Ocean, such as the US naval communications facility
at Diego Garcia.
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The TASS release also accused China of "anti-Soviet
twaddle" and reaffirmed the USSR's dedication to arms limita-
in the Indian Ocean. The Chinese recently asserted that
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Moscow's participation in the Indian Ocean negotiations is "an
intolerable subterfuge" aimed at establishing "overt and covert
military bases" and d'vidin the region into US and Soviet
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