PARTICIPATION OF THE SINO-SOVIET BLOC IN INTERNATIONAL TRADE FAIRS AND EXHIBITS

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP79T00935A000400070003-1
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: C
• Document Page Count: 24
• Document Creation Date: November 9, 2016
• Document Release Date: August 27, 1998
• Sequence Number: 3
• Publication Date: May 1, 1956
• Content Type: IM

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PARTICIPATION OF THE SINO-SOVIET BLOC
IN INTERNATIONAL TRADE FAIRS AND EXHIBITS
CIA/RR IM-430
1 May 1956
THIS MATERIAL CONTAINS INFORMATION AFFECTING THE
NATIONAL DEFENSE OF THE UNITED STATES WITHIN THE
MEANING OF THE ESPIONAGE LAWS, TITLE 18, USC, SECS.
793 AND 794, THE TRANSMISSION OR REVELATION OF
WHICH IN ANY MANNER TO AN UNAUTHORIZED PERSON IS
PROHIBITED BY LAW.
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
Office of Research and Reports
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CONTENTS
Page
1.
Scope and Trend . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2
2.
Economic Impact . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8
3.
Other Implications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10
Appendixes
Appendix A.
Anticipated Participation of the Sino-Soviet Bloc
in International Trade Fairs, 1956 . . . . . . .
13
Appendix B.
Estimated Expenditures by the Sino-Soviet Bloc
on International Trade Fairs, by Host Country,
1955 ......................
19
Appendix C.
Source References . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . .
23
Tables
1.
Summary of the Participation of the Sino-Soviet Bloc
in International Trade Fairs and Exhibits, 1951-55 . . ?
4
2.
Participation of the Sino-Soviet Bloc in International Trade
Fairs and Exhibits, by Size and Estimated Expenditure,
1955 ..........................
6
3.
Participation of the Sino-Soviet Bloc in International Trade
Fairs and Exhibits, by Size and Estimated Expenditure,
195+ ...........................
7
4. Estimated Expenditures by the Sino-Soviet Bloc on Inter-
national Trade Fairs, by Host Country, 1955 . . . . . . . 19
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CIA/RR IM-430 C-O-N-F-I-D-E-N-T-I-A-L
(ORR Project 42.1026)
PARTICIPATION OF THE SINO-SOVIET BLOC
IN INTERNATIONAL TRADE FAIRS AND EXHIBITS*
Summary
The program of the Sino-Soviet Bloc for participation in international
trade fairs is part of the battery of techniques used to implement the
foreign economic policy of the Bloc. This program and the other tech-
niques, which include trade agreements, attractive barter deals for agri-
cultural surpluses, and credits for the purchase of capital equipment by
underdeveloped countries, are being expanded considerably in what appears
to be a closely coordinated effort by the entire Bloc. By employing
foreign economic policy as an instrument of foreign political policy,
the Bloc has scored recent diplomatic successes in the Middle East and
Asia.
The planners of the Sino-Soviet Bloc believe that there are four
internal conditions which make possible their successful entry into the
new arenas of world diplomacy in Asia, the Middle East, Africa, and
Latin America. These conditions, according to D.T. Shepilov, Soviet
Communist Party Secretary and Chief Editor of Pravda, are "enough
economic resources, cultural bases, technical personnel, and a suffi-
ciently ordered domestic scene." In connection with the first con-
dition, he remarked that the "current re-emphasis on heavy industry
had helped to create a stockpile of capital goods for trade with under-
developed countries." It is possible that the recent attempt to make
Stalin the scapegoat for the Communist purges, coupled with the current
emphasis on "collective leadership" and "socialist legality," will
result in an eventual increase in domestic tranquility and morale, thus
further satisfying another of the four conditions.
The foreign economic policy of the Sino-Soviet Bloc, using tested
techniques and relying on satisfactory internal conditions, probably
will continue to be expansive in the hope of gaining further diplomatic
successes.
The estimates and conclusions contained in this memorandum represent
the best judgment of ORR as of 1 April 1956.
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1. Scope and Trend.
Mikhail V. Nesterov, President of the Soviet Chamber of Commerce,
recently stated that the USSR plans to increase its participation in
international trade fairs and exhibits in 1956 by 60 percent over
1955. J* The other members of the Sino-Soviet Bloc also are expected
to increase their participation in trade fairs in 1956. A preliminary
list of fairs in which various members of the Bloc have announced
their intention of participating is shown in Appendix A. Although
only a partial compilation of fairs and exhibts in which the Bloc will
participate in 1956 can be compiled at this time, the list indicates
the expansive nature of the program. From this compilation and other
available data, it is believed that the expansion will be manifested
in three ways: (a) an increase in the number of trade fairs in the
Free World in which the Bloc participates, (b) increased participation
in trade fairs in underdeveloped countries, and (c) more impressive
exhibits.
Information concerning trade fairs in 1956 indicates that in
fairs within the Sino-Soviet Bloc, emphasis generally will be laid
on those fairs which influence relations between the Bloc and the
Free World. It is anticipated, therefore, that the major Bloc fairs
in 1956 will be the Spring and Fall Leipzig Fairs and the Poznan and
the Plovdiv Fairs.
A substantial expansion is expected in participation by the Sino-
Soviet Bloc in Free World fairs. Major efforts by the Bloc in Europe
will be made in Austria, the UK, France, Italy, West Germany, Sweden,
Greece, and Yugoslavia. Noteworthy exhibits will also be sent to
Afghanistan, Syria, Lebanon, Turkey, Egypt, India, Indonesia, and
Japan. The Bloc also will venture into the relatively ne:w markets
of Africa and Latin America with participation at fairs in the
Belgian Congo, Morocco, Tunisia, and the Union of South Africa, as
well as Brazil, Colombia, Paraguay, Uruguay, and other Latin
American countries.
A mounting body of evidence indicates that the exhibits of the
Sino-Soviet Bloc in 1956 will be larger, better planned, and more
impressive than they were in 1955. Reports from the sponsors of
* For serially numbered source references, see Appendix C.
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trade fairs indicate that almost invariably the Bloc authorities are
requesting more space than they had in 1955. The Czechoslovaks,
after experimenting with their large engineering exhibit within the
Bloc, have announced their intention of displaying it in the Free
World. Bulganin stated that the USSR may bring its "Atoms for
Peace" show to Latin America. The Bloc has acquired considerable
knowledge of Free World markets, and their exhibits probably will
have a strong commercial appeal. Even their propaganda, although
tailored to the prejudices of the host country, will be less obvious
and therefore will increase the over-all appeal of the Bloc exhibits.
It appears that the plans of the Sino-Soviet Bloc in 1956 are to
follow up and intensify their successful participation in trade fairs
in Europe, the Near East, the Middle East, and the Far East in 1955
and to participate actively in fairs in Africa and Latin America.
The following quotation from an article by Mikhail V. Nesterov
contains the essence of Soviet official policy concerning participa-
tion in trade fairs: "The international industrial expositions and
fairs in which the Soviet Union takes an active part lay a reat
role in developing international economic ties ... nd havJ the
function of helping to develop and strengthen economic relations
between the USSR and foreign countries. Participation of the USSR
in expositions has become especially broad and systematic since the
end of the war." This policy, like most international Soviet
economic policy, has been adopted by the Sino-Soviet Bloc as a
unit. A summary of the participation of the Bloc in international
trade fairs and exhibits during 1951-55 is shown in Table l.*
The growth of participation by the Sino-Soviet Bloc in inter-
national commerical activity by means of the trade-fair technique
also is shown in Table l.* This participation was restricted in
1951 to a minor share in fairs organized by the major trading
nations of Europe. The initial expansion and broadening of the
program began in 1952. In that year the Bloc appeared for the
first time in five fairs in underdeveloped countries. The trend
of participation in underdeveloped areas continued in 1953. Exhib-
its were held in Egypt, French Morocco, Indonesia, Thailand, and
Tunisia. The Bloc continued to participate in fairs in Greece and
Table 1 follows on p. 4.
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Summary of the Participation of the Sino-Soviet Bloc
in International Trade Fairs and Exhibits a/
1951-55
Year b
Free World
Countries
Bloc and
Free World
Countries
Number of
Fairs and
Exhibitions
Number
of Bloc
Exhibits
Estimated Bloc
Expenditures
(Thousand US $)
1951
6
8
8
20
N.A.
1952
13
15
20
92
N.A.
1953
21
23
58
120
N.A.
1954
23
26
6o
125
10,000
1955
32
41
149
288
38,000
a. Summary of data in the tables and appendixes which follow.
b. Data for 1951, 1952, and 1953 are less firm than data for 1954 and
1955.
Turkey. In 1954 the size of the individual Bloc exhibits increased, and
the Bloc further increased its participation in the fairs of the under-
developed countries. For example, the Bloc participated on a larger
scale in fairs in Turkey, Syria, Indonesia, Greece, and Egypt. Smaller
efforts were made in fairs in Brazil, French Morocco, Iran., and Malaya.
The most significant increase in participation by the Sino-Soviet
Bloc in trade fairs and exhibits took place in 1955. In this single
year the Bloc participated in more trade fairs and exhibits than in
the four preceding years. In 1954 the Bloc had 125 exhibits in some
60 fairs in 26 countries, with an estimated expenditure amounting to
US $10 million. In 1955 the Bloc had 288 exhibits in 149 fairs in
41 countries. Expenditures by the Bloc on such exhibits in 1955 are
estimated to have been the equivalent of US $38 million, of which
approximately US $18 million were spent on exhibits in the Free World
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and the remainder on fairs held in Bloc countries. The Bloc spent the
equivalent of US $9 million at the Spring and Fall Leipzig Fairs and
the Poznan and the Plovdiv Fairs, of which approximately 40 percent
may be charged to Bloc efforts to influence East-West trade relations.
Thus it is estimated that total Bloc expenditures in 1955 on exhibits
to affect trade between the Bloc and the Free World were approximately
US $22 million. Thus, although trade with the Free World constitutes
only about 20 percent of total Bloc trade, approximately 58 percent
of the Bloc expenditures on trade fairs was spent to influence rela-
tions between the Bloc and the Free World.
Tables 2* and 3** show the extent of participation by the various
countries of the Sino-Soviet Bloc in trade fairs and exhibits both
within the Bloc and in the Free World. Two noteworthy developments
are apparent from these tables: (a) the emergence of Communist China
as a substantial participant in trade fairs and (b) the leading role
of Czechoslovakia as a participant in trade fairs. The role of Czecho-
slovakia lends some substance to the belief that the Czechoslovak
export industry will concentrate principally on exports to non-Commu-
nist countries. It is probable that the Czechoslovak export drive
is designed to make "practical propaganda" for the Communist economic
system as well as to increase the economic dependence of certain
countries on Bloc sources of supply.
Estimated expenditures by the Sino-Soviet Bloc on international
trade fairs in 1955, by Bloc participant, by geographic area, and
by host country, are shown in Table 4.*** This table shows the
areas where Bloc activities in trade fairs have been concentrated.
Although Western Europe is the major trading area in the Free
World for the Sino-Soviet Bloc, its expenditures on trade fairs
in Western Europe were somewhat less than those in the Far East
and Middle East. Bloc participation in trade fairs in India
involved a greater financial outlay than in any other country of
the Free World. Major outlays were also made in Pakistan, Indonesia,
and Syria. The Bloc also participated extensively in trade fairs in
Yugoslavia, Turkey, Austria, the Netherlands, and Sweden. Not so
costly as these, but also noteworthy, were the one-nation shows in
Argentina, Egypt, and Iceland.
Table 2 follows on p. 6.
Table 3 follows on p. 7.
Appendix B, p. 19, below.
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2. Economic Impact.
Participation by the Sino-Soviet Bloc in international trade fairs
and exhibits is frequently dismissed as propaganda. This point of
view is reinforced by reports that in some cases the representatives
of the Bloc at fairs were reluctant to quote prices or discuss definite
delivery dates. The apparent unwillingness of the Communist represent-
atives in these cases to negotiate an on-the-spot sale is contrasted
with the willingness of Western exhibitors to do business immediately.
Bloc trade, however, is controlled by a state monopoly which is nor-
mally more interested in the general development of trade relations
than in single, isolated, on-the-spot sales. The "normalization of
trade relations,'' which. is the principal aim of Bloc participation
in trade fairs, is accomplished primarily through the medium of sub-
sequent trade and payment agreements. These agreements are reached
only after negotiations involving governmental agencies, central banks,
Bloc trade monopolies, and Free World trade companies. The Bloc
generally uses a trade fair as a means of exhibiting a wide range of
products as a step in the process of negotiating trade agreements.
There are indications, however, that the commercial policy of the
Bloc at trade fairs is becoming increasing flexible. There are
reports that some European Satellites prepare sales plans of export-
able goods in order to be able to take on-the-spot orders.. J In
several cases, items on display were offered to the host countries
either for sale or as a gift. Some substantial contracts and trade
agreements have been concluded at trade fairs. When it was not
possible to conclude trade agreements, the groundwork was laid for
future negotiations. From these and other indications, it is ap-
parent that if necessary the Bloc will deviate from its normal trade
practices in order to ensure the commercial success of its participa-
tion.
The USSR has commonly used what may be termed an "institutional"
approach to the trade-fair medium by presenting its exhitits in an
impressive display, usually under a single roof in a Soviet pavilion,
rather than dispersed among the various exhibits of individual cate-
gories of products. There has been considerable comment concerning
the withdrawal of the USSR from trade fairs coincidental with US
announcements of intent to participate. This withdrawal has popularly
been construed as Soviet reluctance to compete with the US exhibit.
Examination of the details of Soviet withdrawal indicates that one of
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the principal motives was the unwillingness or inability of the spon-
sors of the fair to allocate sufficient space for a large, consolidated
Soviet exhibit rather than fear of US competition, although the latter
may have been a contributing factor.
An examination of the foreign trade of the Sino-Soviet Bloc with
the underdeveloped countries in which the Bloc has participated in
trade exhibits indicates that the trade-fair program does have an
economic impact. The impact appears to be cumulative and thus offers
the probability of a long-term increase in such Bloc trade. For
example, the Bloc exhibits in recent Salonika trade fairs probably
acted as a catalyst in the increase in Greek trade with the Soviet
Bloc in 1953 and 1954, an increase which restored this trade to the
levels of 1948. It is estimated that the trade of the Soviet Bloc
with Greece in 1955 increased 35 percent over that of 1954. The
Bloc has successfully obtained an important market for timber and
petroleum in Greece, and in exchange it receives needed supplies of
tobacco, fruits, vegetables, olive oil, and olives. The USSR is
reported to be extremely interested in obtaining needed bauxite from
Greece. Several trade agreements between the Bloc and Greece have
been concluded, and. trade delegations and agents have been sent to
Greece. Prospects of further increases in foreign trade are believed
to be good. Although Greece cannot be said to be economically depend-
ent upon the Sino-Soviet Bloc, Bloc trade with Greece has increased
to the highest point on record and has resulted in greatly improved
economic relations which, in turn, have reduced the strain of political
relations between the Soviet Bloc and Greece. Other countries in which
Bloc participation in trade fairs and exhibits and attendant promotional
activities have been instrumental in increasing trade, although to
varying degrees, are Afghanistan, Finland, Iceland, Yugoslavia, Egypt,
Syria, Turkey, India, Indonesia, Burma, and Argentina.
There is a striking correlation between the activities of the
Sino-Soviet Bloc in trade fairs and Bloc offers of credit to under-
developed countries. The Bloc has used participation in trade fairs
in underdeveloped countries both as an opening wedge for the improve-
ment of economic relations and as a means of maintaining interest in
their further development. Almost without exception the underdeveloped
countries mentioned above have been offered long-term credits for
capital development. In perspective, both the long-term creait pro-
gram and the trade-fair program appear to be parallel techniques for
implementing the foreign economic policy of the Sino-Soviet Bloc.
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The total economic impact of the trade-fair program of the Sino-
Soviet Bloc will be a strengthening of the economic ties between the
Bloc and selected countries of the Free World and may result in a
further increase in trade between the Soviet Bloc and the Free World
in 1956.
3. Other Im. lications.
Participation in trade fairs gives the Sino-Soviet Bloc an oppor-
tunity to display its new foreign economic program. Soviet leaders
have clearly indicated that they consider this program an important
arm of their diplomacy and a means of competing with the US for world
influence and leadership. Most recently, D.T. Shepilov, Soviet Commu-
nist Party Secretary and Chief Editor of Pravda, stated that the USSR
now has enough economic resources, cultural bases, and technical per-
sonnel, as well as a sufficiently ordered domestic scene, to enter
new arenas of world diplomacy such as Asia, the Middle East, Africa,
and Latin America. Shepilov remarked that the current re-emphasis on
heavy industry had helped create a stockpile of capital goods for trade
with underdeveloped countries.
Increased participation in trade fairs by the Sino-Soviet Bloc,
therefore, has been accompanied by increased trade and by the offer
and extension of credit to underdeveloped areas as well as by the
establishment of trade representations and the signing of trade
agreements.
The Sino-Soviet Bloc also employs the trade fair as a vehicle for
propaganda. Statues of Communist leaders and photographs purporting
to show life in the Bloc countries are shown (although to a lesser
degree in 1955 than in 195+). Written material is disseminated, and
political speeches are made that are filled with the current slogans
calling for "peaceful coexistence," "relaxation of world tension,"
removal of trade embargoes, and the reunification of East and West
Germany. Attempts are also made to secure formal trade agreements
in order to gain de facto recognition of Communist China and East
Germany. The size of the pavilion and the number and variety of
products displayed are designed to impress the visitor with the
wide variety and technical skill displayed in products from the Bloc.
The assistance of the local affiliate of the Communist-front; Committee
for the Promotion of International Trade (CPIT) is enlisted by the
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Communist Party to insure the success of the fair. J Trade fairs also
bring into a country a large number of Bloc personnel. There are indica-
tions that some of these people have intelligence functions and that they
attempt to make contacts with local groups to influence their political
orientation.
The Sino-Soviet Bloc participates increasingly in trade fairs for a
combination of economic and political reasons. Economically, the Bloc
trades with the Free World to obtain raw materials and industrial prod-
ucts which it needs to supplement its own resources and production.
Many of these raw materials are found in the countries of non-Communist
Asia and the Middle East, which are underdeveloped and which are short
of foreign exchange. The Bloc, by exhibiting an array of capital goods
and offering to exchange them on favorable terms for raw materials,
proposes to facilitate the industrialization of these underdeveloped
areas. The increased economic influence of the Bloc unquestionably
will be used for political purposes whenever and wherever an oppor-
tunity presents itself.
C-O-N-F-I-D-E-N-T-I-A-L
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ANTICIPATED PARTICIPATION OF THE SINO-SOVIET BLOC
IN INTERNATIONAL TRADE FAIRS
1956
The following is a list of those fairs or exhibitions scheduled for
1956 in which the countries of the Sino-Soviet Bloc have announced plans
for participation or have otherwise indicated strong interest. Based on
information available as of 6 February 1956, the list is probably only a
partial compilation of those fairs in which the Bloc plans to partici-
pate.
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W
I
A
I
H
Q
N y
.C V
U V
N
U W
U U
H^ fi
~
4,
N
N Q
m
3
N
m
P4
H
o
N
1
m
19
m
N
0
o
M
N
cv Ha
r
rn
I
I
I
W
H
N
E
r
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C-0-N-F-I-D-E-N-T-I-A-L
Cairo and Alexandria Hungarian Exhibit of Graphic Arts
Cairo Communist Chinese Exhibit
Cairo International Fair (?)
Paris
Strasbourg
Greece
Salonika
India
New Delhi
New Delhi
New Delhi
Hyderbad
Kanpur
Bombay
Calcutta
Indonesia
Surabaya
Italy
Milan
Rome
Bari
Japan
Osaka
Lebanon
Beirut
Jan-Apr (?)
(approx) 15 Feb- (?)
Unknown
2d Annual Indian National Art
Exhibit
Polish Art Exhibit (later to
Calcutta, Madras, Bombay) January
International Fair (?) Unknown
Industrial Exhibition 31 Jan- (?)
USSR Textile Exhibition March
Bulgarian Industrial Products
F,rhi hi tt.on
34th International Samples Fair 12-27 Apr
3d international Exhibition of
Electronics, Nuclear Energy, Radio,
Television, and Cinematography 28 Jun-15 Jul
20th international Levant Fair September
Czechoslovakia (with the exhibit shown at Brno
in 1955)
Hungary
Communist China
USSR, East Germany
Communist China, H=gar,;, Poland, East Germany
USSR (?)
USSR, Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Hungary,
Rumania, Bulgaria
Poland
Bulgaria, Poland
USSR
USSR
Bulgaria
Czechoslovakia (with exhibit shown in Brno in
1955)
USSR, Czechoslovakia, Poland, Hungary, Rumania,
Bulgaria, East Germany
USSR, Poland, Hungary, East Germany, Bulgaria,
Rumania
USSR
Albania
Czechoslovakia (with the exhibit shown in Brno
in 1955)
C-0-N-F-I-D-E-N-T-I-A-L
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C-O-N-F-I-D-E-N-T-I-A-L
Mexico
Mexico City
Morocco
Casablanca
Netherlands
Utrecht
Paraguay
Asuncion
Poland
Poznan
Sweden
Goteborg
Stockholm
Stockholm
Switzerland
Zurich
Syria
Damascus
Tunisia
International Trade Fair 10 Jul-10 Aug
11th International Trade Fair, 21 Apr-6 May
66th International (Spring) Fair 13-22 Mar
Swedish Industries Fair 12-21 May
14th St. Erik's Fair 1-16 Sep
Czechoslovak Engineering Exhibit Unknown
International Tourists Publications
Exhibition
Tunis International Trade Fair October
Turkey
Izmir 25th International Fair 20 Aug-20 Sep
Union of South Africa
Johannesburg Rand Easter Show
- 16 -
Poland, Communist China, Czechoslovakia, East
Germany, and Hungary
Bulgariatt Hungary, East Germany, Poland,
USSR (?l, and Others (?)
USSR
Poland, East Germany
Czechoslovakia (with the exhibit shown at Brno
in 1955)
Poland, Bulgaria, Hungary, Rumania, Czecho-
slovakia, East Germany
C-O-N-F-I-D-E-N-T-I-A-L
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London
Ideal Homes Exhibition
6-30 Mar
Czechoslovakia
London
4th British Food Fair
28 Aug-15 Sep
Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Poland, USSR (?)
London
4th International Handicrafts Ex-
hibition
6-21 Sep
USSR, Hungary, Czechoslovakia
London
International Fair (?)
Unknown
Poland
Uruguay
Montevideo
International Trade Fair
US
New York
European Textile Exhibition
USSR
Moscow
Czechoslovak Engineering Exhibit
Czechoslovakia (with exhibit shown in Brno
in 1955)
Moscow
Industrial Exhibition
10 Feb- (?)
USSR, others (?)
Moscow
Agricultural Exhibition
Sher
USSR, others (?)
West Germany
Frankfurt
33d International (Spring) Fair
4-8 Mar
R
Hanover
German Industries Fair
29 Apr-8 May
), Communist China (?)
USSR (
Yugoslavia
Zagreb
USSR, Communist China, Poland, Czechoslovakia,
Latin America
Cities not listed
Rumania, Bulgaria
Czechoslovakia (with exhibit shown in Brno in
1955)
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C-O-N-F-I-D-E-N-T-I-A-L
ESTIMATED EXPENDITURES BY THE SINO-SOVIET BLOC ON INTERNATIONAL TRADE FAIRS
BY HOST COUNTRY
1955
Thousand S ',
USSR
Communist
China
Czecho-
slovakia
East
Germany
Hungary
Poland
Bulgaria
North North
Rumania Albania Vietnam Korea
Total
US
2
4
Canada
Argentina
200
202
500
Bolivia
2
2
Ecuador
2
2
2
2
2
12
Austria
202
290
265
152
909
Belgium
2
366
172
24
2
2
568
Denmark
200
2
202
France
400
158
152
28
20
2
4
764
Iceland
150
20
150
320
Netherlands
1,000
156
24
4
2
1
186
Sweden
350
300
170
20
,
840
Switzerland
4
2
2
8
UK
44
300
2
2
348
West Germany
2
24
442
64
2
534
1,706
420
1,692
1,529
226
28
4
4
5,679
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C-O-N-F-I-D-E-N-T-I-A-L
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C-O-N-F-I-D-E-N-T-I-A-L
Table 4
(Continued)
Communist
Czecho-
East
North North
t
l
T
kia
l
German
Humor
Poland
Bulgaria
Rumania Albania Vietnam Korea
a
o
Host Country
USSR
China
ova
s
y
Greece
150
300
20
150
620
482
Italy
236
192
8
22
2
900
Turkey
300
150
150
150
150
656
4
2
8
32
302
150
2,002
5
IL
Finland
250
250
550
1
Yugoslavia
420
20
80
20
20
.
,
20
80
20
20
11800
Middle East
520
Egypt
20
500
200
Ethiopia
200
1
120
Syria
300
250
200
150
200
20
,
1
0
200
20
320
950
200
5
150
Burma
di
I
770
542
150
650
400
20
250
250
2,882
a
n
Indonesia
450
300
150
150
2
20
1,072
1,172
Pakistan
402
470
300
450
Japan
450
Total
1.,1172
1,912
11,400
550
LLO
25,2
270
C-0-N-F-I-D-E-N-T-I-A-L
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Table 4
(Continued)
Belgian Congo
20
20
French Morocco
152
152
Tunisia
2
2
4
Total
1&
2
2
176
Oceania
Australia
200
200
Total
200
200
Free World Total
4,392
2,654
5,976
2 'L91
880
68
X26
446
18,143
Sino-Soviet Bloc
Bulgaria
500
200
300
370
270
370
520
250
20
2,800
Communist China
5,002
20
900
170
6,092
Czechoslovakia
250
40
20
310
East Germany
522
152
620
2,020
420
272
152
170
20
40
20
4,408
Hungary
200
170
190
650
20
20
20
1,270
North Vietnam
20
150
20
190
Poland
522
400
247
227
220
1,152
200
20
20
20
3,028
Rumania
242
242
USSR
300
1,020
20
1,340
Total
7,296
792
3,447
3,089
1,750
1,814
872
460
40
100
2
0
9,68O
Grand total
ll,688
3,446
9,423
5,880
2,630
2,492
1,198
906
40
100
20
20
37,823
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C-O-N-F-I-D-E-N-T-I-A-L
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Communist Czecho- East North North
Host Country USSR China slovakia Germany Hungary Poland Bulgaria Rumania Albania Vietnam Korea Total
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C-O-N-F-I-D-E-N-T-I-A-L
APPENDIX C
SOURCE REFERENCES
The material for this memorandum was obtained from newspaper clip-
pings and from reports prepared by US Government agencies in response to
standing requirements for reporting on trade fairs. Because hundreds
of references were used, it was deemed impractical to list each source
separately. A few important sources, however, are listed below.
Evaluations, following the classification entry and designated
"Eval.," have the following significance:
Source of Information
Information
Doc. - Documentary
1 -
Confirmed by other
sources
A - Completely reliable
2 -
Probably true
B - Usually reliable
3 -
Possibly true
C - Fairly reliable
4 -
Doubtful
D - Not usually reliable
5 -
Probably false
E - Not reliable
F - Cannot be judged
6 - Cannot be judged
"Documentary" refers to original documents of foreign governments
and organizations; copies or translations of such documents by a staff
officer; or information extracted from such documents by a staff officer,
all of which may carry the field evaluation "Documentary."
Evaluations not otherwise designated are those appearing on the
cited document; those designated "RR" are by the author of this report.
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C-O-N-F-I-D-E-N-T-I-A-L
1. "Red Bloc Plans Drive for More Outside Trade," New York Herald
Tribune, 12 Feb 56, p. 2. U. Eval. RR 2.
2. Nesterov, M.V. "Soviet Participation in International Fairs
and Expositions," USSR Information Bulletin, 24 Mar 52,
p. 166. U. Eval. RR 2.
3. Radio Free Europe. Item no 1206/56, 3 Feb 56. 'U. Eval. RR 2.
!. State, Moscow. Dsp 1700, 1 Feb 56. C. Eval. RR 2.
5. State, Paris. Dsp 1351, 16 Jan 56, info 1956. U. Eval. RR 2.
C-O-N-F-I-D-E-N-T-I-A-L
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C-O-N-F-I-D-E-N-T-I-A-L
C-?O-N-F-I-D-E-N-T-I-A-L
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