KREMENCHUG PETROLEUM REFINERY KREMENCHUG, USSR

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: NGA Records (Formerly NIMA)
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP79T00909A000500010010-0
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: T
• Document Page Count: 19
• Document Creation Date: December 28, 2016
• Document Release Date: June 18, 2008
• Sequence Number: 10
• Publication Date: November 1, 1968
• Content Type: REPORT

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Top Secret
DIRECTORATE OF
INTELLIGENCE
Industrial Facilities
(Non-Military)
Basic Imagery Interpretation Report
Kremenchug Petroleum Refinery
Kremenchug, USSR
25X1
DATE _ NOVEMBER 1968
COPY 92
PAGES 14
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TITLE NPIC SEC. CLASS. LOCATION
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ur SLLKH RUFF
Kremenchug Petroleum Refinery
UTM COORDINATES GEOGRAPHIC COORDINATES
36UWV316466 49-10-20N 033-26-40E
MAP REFERENCE
COMIREX
None
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2nd RTS. USATC 200, Sheet M0233-20HL, 4th edition, Jun 66, Scale 1:200,000
LATEST IMAGERY USED NEGATION DATE (If required)
The Kremenchug Petroleum Refinery is one of the newer Soviet refineries
being built in accordance with the standardized design which was reportedly
accepted for use in 1959. Construction of the refinery support facilities
was started late in 1961, and work on the components within the refinery
began in 1962 or early 1963. The first indications that the refinery was in
production were noted on photo coverage of August 1966. The primary dis-
tillation facilities now in operation indicate that the annual crude oil
charge capacity of the refinery is approximately six million metric tons.
The primary and secondary refining units in operation indicate that the
refinery is presently producing straight-run and blended gasolines, various
grades and blends of fuel oil, and probably light ends and asphaltic products.
The large areas of active construction will possibly include lube oil and
petrochemical plants.
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IMAGERY ANALYSIS SERVICE
INTRODUCTION
The Kremenchug Petroleum Refinery is located approximately 5 nautical
miles north-northeast of the center of Kremenchug. The primary and second-
ary refining units in the refinery appear to be complete, but a large
percentage of the total area of the refinery complex is still very actively
under construction. On completion, the areal extent of the fenced, inte-
grated facilities will be approximately 1,100 acres. The maximum dimensions
of the refinery are approximately 8,230 by 6,720 feet.
The refinery was situated at Kremenchug in order to process crude oil
produced in the Ukraine, and more specifically in the Dnepr-Donets Basin
region.2/ The crude oil is transported to the refinery by railroad and by
a network of pipelines between Kremenchug and the various fields located in
the basin.3/
Plants and facilities which are located adjacent to the refinery and
are directly associated with it include a heat and thermal power plant
(no BE listing), a water treatment plant (no BE listing), an unidentified
chemical plant (no BE listing), and a concrete products and batch plant.
The last installation is incorrectly identified in the Basic Encyclopedia
as the Kremenchug U/I Installation
Status and Activity
The following is a generalized construction history of the refinery and
associated facilities. No detailed chronological accounting of the con-
struction of the various items of equipment or facilities is presented in
this report; however, specific items are noted to illustrate significant
points of development in the complex..
December 1961 - Survey of the refinery appeared to be completed as
evidenced by faint tracings counter to the general agricultural pattern in
the area. No construction activity was noted in the refinery area. Con-
struction was in very early stages at the thermal power plant and the con-
crete products/construction support area. Road beds for the rail spurs
into the complex were being constructed in the general direction of the
refinery.
July 1963 - The concrete products/construction support area and the
workers' housing area were nearly completed. Most of the earth work and
several of the buildings at the thermal power plant were completed. In the
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IMAGERY ANALYSIS SERVICE
refinery area, foundation excavations for the primary distillation units
had been dug, and work had started on the main tank farms.
June 1964 - In the refinery area, the buildings and associated equip-
ment for the primary distillation unit were in place, but the distillation
columns had not been erected. The secondary refining units were in early
stages of construction. Pipeline ditching was evident in several areas.
The water treatment facilities were in the mid-stage of construction. Work
was proceeding at a moderate rate on the thermal power plant, and construc-
tion on the nearby unidentified chemical plant had been started.
July 1965 - The major refining units were nearly completed, and the
main steamlines and pipelines were in late stages of construction. The
highest level of construction activity appeared to be in the storage and
transfer areas. The thermal power plant was essentially complete except
for the cooling towers. The associated chemical plant appeared to be
completed.
August 1966 - The basic refinery was essentially complete and in
operation as indicated by the burning of waste gases at +he flare tower.
The possible petrochemical and tube oil areas were in very early stages of
construction with work proceeding at a relatively high rate. The water
treatment plant was completed and in use.
November 1967 - No significant changes were noted in the basic refinery
components. Construction in the possible petrochemical and lube oil areas
was continuing at an accelerated rate, but identification of the components
was not possible because of the early stage of construction and the small
scale of the photography. The crude oil storage area was also being
expanded.
March 1968 - Status of construction in the possible petrochemical and
lube oil areas appeared to be at least in the mid-stage,. and construction
activity appeared to have decreased, probably due to winter conditions. The
.small scale of the photography precluded identification of the various items
of refinery equipment.
Operational Functions
The date of the initial production at the Kremenchug Petroleum Refiner
can be placed in a relatively narrow time frame. On photo coverage of~
there were no indicators of production activity and on coverage of
the waste gas flare tower was.i"h operation. On. all missions
subsequent to August 1966, atmospheric emissions, flares and rail car
activity have been observed at the refinery.
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The placement of this refinery on-stream varied somewhat from the
usual Soviet method, as deduced from photography. Generally, it has been
observed that the refineries are placed into production as the various
units are completed. At this refinery, it appeared that all of the basic
units, including the primary and major secondary refining equipment, were
completed before any indicators of operation were apparent. A distinct
second phase of construction, which included the possible petrochemical and
lube oil areas, was then begun at an accelerated rate which was continued
at least through 1967.
Based on the identification of the equipment now complete and in
operation, it can be assumed that the present products of the refinery
include straight-run and blended gasolines, various grades of fuel oil,
and probably blends of straight-run gasoline and fuel oil.. Also, various
light ends and asphaltic products are probably being made.
Physical Features
The following table lists the functional areas and facilities within
the refinery. Also, a brief listing of the facilities at the heat and
thermal power plant and the water treatment plant are presented because of
the close association of these plants with the refinery. Precise identifi-
cation of much of the refining equipment was not possible because of the
small scale and/or quality of the imagery covering the complex. The ten-
tative identifications of equipment are based on the overall aspect of the
refinery, the relative positions of the units, and the generalized published
listings of the standardized units to be found in the newer type Soviet
refineries built since 1959. Approximate dimensions.of the primary
distillation columns are also presented in the following table.
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FIGURE 2. KREMENCHUG PETROLEUM REFINER
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.... ..............
00
00
ONSTRUCTIOM
:SUPPORT AND :
:STORAGE AREA:
HEAT AND
THERMAL POWER PLANT
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UNIDENTIFIED
CHEMICAL PLANT
CRUDE OIL AND PRODUCTS STORAGE
TRANSFER FACILITIES
OPEN STORAGE-CONSTRUCTION MATERIAL
AREAS OF CONSTRUCTION
PRODUCTS SHIPPING AND STORAGE
PROBABLE ALKYLATION UNIT
PRODUCTS AND INTERMEDIATES HANDLING
AND STORAGE
STORAGE AND SUPPORT
PRIMARY DISTILLATION
U/I PROCESSING
SECONDARY PROCESSING UNIT
PROBABLE SECONDARY PROCESS AREA U/C
ADMINISTRATION
LEGEND
REFINERY EQUIPMENT
PROCESSING BUILDING
DURUM HEAT EXCHANGERS, COOLING COILS OR ACCUMULATORS
? COOLING TOWERS
C) STRUCTURES UNDER CONSTPUCTION
Q STORAGE TANKS
is SEMI BURIED TANKS
HORIZONTAL TANKS
? FILTER AND TREATMENT BASINS
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IMAGERY ANALYSIS SERVICE
Table I
Equipment and Facilities at the
Kremenchug Refinery Complex
(.Items are keyed to Figure 3)
Area Functional Description Equipment*
Crude Oil and Products 19 cylindrical tanks, diam
Storage 110 ft (33m)
12 semiburied/mounded tanks,
diam 130 ft (39m)
I cylindrical tank U/C, diam
110 ft (33m)
6 semiburied tanks U/C, diam
130 ft (39m)
10 cylindrical tanks, diam
80 ft (24m)
2 semiburied tanks, diam 70 ft'
(21m)
I cylindrical tank U/C, diam
80 ft (24m)
I cylindrical tank, diam 50 ft
(15m)
10 horizontal tanks, length
20 ft (6m)
7 support buildings
I large excavation, probably
for tanks
g Transfer Facilities
3 loading racks each serving
2 tracks and 5 additional
tracks continuing through
the loading area
2 semiburied tanks, diam 80 ft
(24m)
2 cylindrical tanks , diam 30
ft (9m)
I cylindrical tank, diam 20 ft
(6m)
II storage and support buildings
2 possible medium tank bases/
basins
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IMAGERY ANALYSIS SERVICE
Area Functional Description Equipment*
C Open Storage
D Areas of Construction I tank/gasholder, diam 80 ft
(Possible Petrochemical (24m)
and Lube Oil Plants) II cylindrical tanks, diam 50
ft (24m)
I cylindrical tank, diam 40 ft
(12m)
I cylindrical tank, diam 35 ft
(10.5m)
7 cylindrical tanks, diam 20
ft (6m)
25 horizontal tanks/treatment
drums (not measured)
42 small columns/pieces of U/I
equipment/tanks (not
measured)
12 process buildings
34 storage and support buildings
I cooling tower structure with
11 units
2 flare towers
19 buildings U/C
I tank base U/C
E Products Shipping and 13 cylindrical tanks, diam 25
Storage ft (7.5m)
I possible tank/tank base,
diam 60 ft (18m)
3 small U/I pieces of equipment
4 large storage buildings
3 support buildings
F Probable Alkylation Unit 2 horizontal reactors
2 washing drums
At least 5 towers/reactors/
scrubbers
I process and compressor
building with 3 tall, thin
columns or vents
2 spherical tanks, diam 30 ft
(9m)
3 horizontal tanks, length 80
ft (24m)
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IMAGERY ANALYSIS SERVICE
Area Functional Description Equipment*
F Probable Alkylation Unit 2 cylindrical tanks, diam 35
(Continued) ft (10.5m)
2 cylindrical tanks, diam 20
ft (6m)
2 small acid tanks (not
measured)
7 support buildings
G Products and Intermediates 10 cylindrical tanks, diam 45
Handling and Storage ft (13.5m)
9 cylindrical tanks, diam 40
ft (12m)
17 cylindrical tanks, diam 35
ft (I0.5m)
10 cylindrical tanks, diam 25
ft (7.5m)
2 cylindrical tanks, diam 20
ft (6m)
10 horizontal tanks/treatment
drums, length 50 ft (15m)
5 support and possible
blending buildings
I building U/C
H Storage and Support Area 5 buildings
Open storage area
Primary Distillation Area I primary distillation unit
which contains 4 columns/
groups of columns --
I probable topping still
115' x 15' diam
2 vacuum stills
diam
2 atmospheric stills
3 possible extraction
columns for light ends
3 banks of cooling coils,
heat exchangers and
accumulators
3 pipe furnaces
I compressor and control
building
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IMAGERY ANALYSIS SERVICE
Area Functional Description Equipment*
Primary Distillation Area I process building with 4
(Continued) horizontal tanks/treatment
drums (probably for desalini-
zation)
I support building
6 small cylindrical tanks
(not measured)
J U/I Processing Area U/C 4 building foundations/equip-
ment units U/C
3 buildings
3 cooling tower structures
with a total of 8 units
I circular basin
K Secondary Processing Unit 2 groups of columns (total of
5 columns)
I process building with 4
attached columns/reactors/
vertical flash drums
2 small U/I peices of equipment/
tanks
2 small furnaces
I bank heat exchangers
I compressor building
2 control/process buildings
2 cylindrical tanks, diam 50
ft (15m)
L Probable Secondary 4 buildings
Processing Area U/C 2 cylindrical tanks, diam 50
ft (15m)
8 cylindrical tanks, diam 40
ft (12m)
2 cylindrical tanks, diam 35
ft (10.5m)
.5 cylindrical tanks, diam 20
ft (6m)
M Administration Area 13 buildings
I water tower
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IMAGERY ANALYSIS SERVICE
Area Functional Description Equipment*
Heat and Thermal Power Plant Boilerhouse and generator hall
Gas plant
At least 35 buildings
4 small cylindrical storage
tanks
3 small possible cylindrical
storage tanks
8 small horizontal tanks
2 cooling towers
Water Treatment Plant
17 filter and treatment basins
(3 outside of fenced area)
15 buildings
I building U/C
6 chemical storage tanks
*Note: Measurements are only approximate because of indistinct outline of
the distillation columns on available photography. Storage tanks
were measured in meters and then rounded off to the nearest five foot
dimension.
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iur SftKt I KUrr
Maps and Charts
2nd RTS. US Air Target Chart 200, Sheet M0233-20HL 4th edition
Jun 66, Scale 1:200,000 (SECRET
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w r JtLKt I KUM
I. Ebel, R.E., The Petroleum Industry of the Soviet Union, American
Petroleum Institute, 1961 .(UNCLASSIFIED)
2. SHAPE/SUPINTREP No. 110, R.R. No. 70796, Pipelines, May 65,
(NATO SECRET)
3. CIA/R.R., ER 63-3, Atlas of Transmission Pipelines for Natural
Gas, U.S.S.R., Mar 63 (UNCLASSIFIED)
4. CIA/PID IB, P-269/64, Search for a Petroleum
Refinery at Kremenchug, U.S.S.R, Jun 64 (TOP SECRET RUFF)
Requirement
EXSUBCOM - BR-N/001-69
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