WESTERN EUROPE CANADA INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP79T00865A000300350001-1
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 12
• Document Creation Date: December 21, 2016
• Sequence Number: 1
• Content Type: NOTES

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Western Europe
Canada
International Organizations
JCS review
completed
State Department review
completed
Secret
No. 0132-75
February 14, 1975
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This publication is prepared for regional specialists in the Washington com-
munity by the Western Europe Division, Office of Current Intelligence, with
occasional contributions from other offices within the Directorate of
Intelligence. Comments and queries are welcome. They should be directed to
the authors of the individual articles.
Cypriot Turks Establish Separate State
1-2
Problems in Consolidating NATO Training.
3-4
EC Farm Council Marathon Ends in Success
5-6
Commission on Human Rights Meets in Geneva
7-8
February 14, 1975
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Cypriot Turks Establish Separate State
The Turkish Cypriot declaration yesterday
establishing a separate state pending agreement
on a proposed Cyprus federation has prompted the
Greek and Greek Cypriot governments to refer the
issue to the UN Security Council. Greek Prime
Minister Karamanlis condemned the action and
Athens called off a meeting this weekend in
Bonn between the Greek foreign minister and
the US Secretary of State. President Makarios
called the Turkish Cypriot action a "very severe
blow" to negotiations for a settlement of the
Cyprus problem and dispatched a high-level delega-
tion, including Glafkos Clerides, negotiator for
the Greek Cypriots in the intercommunal talks,
to Athens for consultations.
Turkish Cypriot negotiator Denktash, who is
president of the new state also conveyed his
proposals for a settlement yesterday to Clerides
and requested another session of the intercommunal
talks on February 17. His proposals, which deal
with general principles, call for a biregional
federation with a weak central government. While
no mention is made of the size of the proposed
Turkish Cypriot region or its share of the island's
resources, the Turkish Cypriots are likely to insist
that it be substantially larger than the Turkish
Cypriot share of the population, 18 percent.
The Turkish Cypriot actions apparently are in
response to the more detailed Greek Cypriot
position paper submitted earlier in the week. It
called for a multi-regional federation and a strong
central government in which the total area controlled
by Turkish Cypriots would approximate their per-
centage of the population. The Turkish Cypriots
may now be trying to take back the initiative
and place the onus of breaking off negotiations
on the Greek side.
The Greek Cypriot proposals reflect President
Makarios' belief that international pressure for
concessions by the Turkish side will fade if the
February 14, 1975
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talks drag on inconclusively. Makarios has been
pessimistic about the outcome of the talks for some
time and had threatened to internationalize the
issue if no progress were made by the end of this
month.
Proclamation of the separate Turkish Cypriot
state may convince him to abandon the talks alto-
gether, but Makarios will probably want to sound
out the views of other governments and examine
the Turkish Cypriot position paper closely before
breaking off the talks. The initial reaction
of the international community was opposition to
the Turkish Cypriot declaration and reaffirmation
of the usefulness of the intercommunal talks.
In the meantime, Turkish troops in the Nicosia
area were placed on alert in anticipation of a
possible Greek Cypriot military reaction. While
this appears unlikely, demonstrations did take
place within the Greek Cypriot sector and more
may follow but indications are that Greek Cypriot
officials will not let them get out of hand.
February 14r 1975
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Problems in Consolidating NATO Trs:iri~ih
The chairman of the group studying the possi-
bility of consolidating military training among
NATO members has said that his main problem is
lack of support and interest on the part of
national decision-makers.
Training is one of the three areas NATO is
currently investigating in order to increase
efficiency and, it is hoped, also lead to sub-
stantial savings. The appeal of such an under-
taking should be great at a time when most NATO
countries are having trouble maintaining their
level of defense expenditures. To date, however,
there has been a great deal of study, but very
little implementation.
Rear Admiral Trebesch, who chairs the
Euro/
NATO
Training Group, told NATO's Executive
Work-
ing
Group this week that training experts
recog-
nize
the potential of joint training projects
both
to improve training and to save money, but
that
there was no such awareness on the part of
national decision-makers. He went on to outline
what he believed to be the causes:
--NATO and national military authorities
are not giving the training group adequate
support;
--nations change their representatives to the
training group far too often;
--some governments are badly informed about
what goes on in the training group, in part
because reports sent to capitals probably
never reach responsible officials;
--in most NATO countries, training is the
responsibility of individual services,
and they do not take the work of the training
group seriously.
February, 14, 1975
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The lack of support for consolidated training
i.n national capitals, according to Trebesch, has
already led to the collapse of a number of promisincr
projects. Even the project that seemed to have
the-best chance of success, basic train_i.ng of
helicopter pilots, is rapidly falling apart.
The UK has pulled out because it h~~s a differ-
ent philosophy of pilot training. The Pletherlands
has decided to train pilots in Canada bE~cause it
is cheaper. Denmark is considering withdrawing
because the U5 is cancelling a training course
in which the Danes were interested.
Several of the allied representatives who
reacted to Trebesch's presentation acknowledged
the truth of much of what he said but recommended
concentrating on practical solutions. The US
representative said that the training group's
obstacles should be made known to the Military
Committee and that the Executive Workincr Group
should refer problems to the Defense Planning
Committee at the ministerial level, if necessary.
The UK representative, remarking-that "drag-
ging NATO into the 1980's will be difficult,"
thought that time should not be wasted feeling
guilty about past failures. Rather, the problems
should be diagnosed and work should move forward
on both the political and military fronts. He
thought that one problem is that ministers are
often presented with too much material and cannot
tell what is important, and suggested that one or
two training areas should be singled out for
ministerial consideration.
Reacting to this suggestion, the Executive
Working Group decided that Trebesch should draw
up a report identifying a small number of train-
ing projects most in need of political impetus.
February .L4, 1975
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EC Farm Council Marathon Ends in Success
European farmers were not given complete
satisfaction by the EC Council agreement this
week on prices--the farmers wanted an average
15 percent increase; they got nine percent--but
the ministers were relieved that their three-day
marathon session put an end to the negotiations,
before these could interfere with the Council
meeting of EC leaders in Dublin next month. The
agreement also gave the British another plus in
their campaign to "renegotiate" their membership
terms.
The EC Commission itself may be the biggest
winner in this week's agreement. The final package
of support prices for 1975-76 was similar to the
Commission's original proposals of last November,
thus by and large confirming the Commission's
judgment of what ultimately would be acceptable
to the member states. An initiative by the Irish
presidency of the Council was apparently instru-
mental in promoting a final compromise.
One of the major Commission aims was to
begin to retrieve the system of common prices
that had been seriously damaged by currency
fluctuations among the Nine. These required
"compensatory measures" that were, in effect,
border taxes on farm trade within the common
market. In this week's agreement, the intra-EC
levies were decreased by different amounts for
each EC member, thus constituting a step towards
effective common prices.
The compromise worked
out
by the farm ministers
means that German farmers,
for
example, will not
receive the full benefit of
the
support-price
increases; in effect, they
will
be paying for
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the revaluation of the Deutschemark--somE:thing
which German Agricultural Minister Ertl had
wanted to protect them from. Although French
farmers will see their prices increase further as
a result of the border-tax adjustments, t:he govern-
ment had argued that the rise in French farm costs
due to inflation should be made up in otYler ways.
Britain achieved one of its renegotiation aims
in getting its system of direct payments to beef
growers written into the common agricultural policy.
The scheme of national and community premiums to
cattle growers represents a continuation of the
significant innovation first made last year away
from relying completely on having the EC buy up
beef when its price fell below a specifiE:d level.
The latter system entailed expensive stocking of
beef--the so-called beef mountain--and sL;bsidization
of exports.
The direct payments will be "experimental"
and the Commission claims that once the British
realize how much they will have to pay out under
the scheme, :London will "think twice." Z'he new
system will also allow the Italians and French to
subsidize their beef growers.
February 14, 1975
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Human Rights Meets in Geneva
7.'he first two weeks of the 31st session of
the Human Rights Commission now meeting in Geneva
have been devoted to an inconclusive debate on
violations of human rights in numerous countries.
Resolutions on Chile and South Africa will probably
pass with majority support. Charges against
Israel for violations of human rights in the
occupied territories and against Turkish actions
in Cyprus may engender more contentious-debate.
On Chile, the West Europeans have drawn up
a resolution that they hope will command broad
support and head off an expected Soviet blast
against the Santiago regime. The major provision
of the resolution is a call for a visit by a fact-
finding group to Chile. The Chilean government
indicated this week that it would accept a Human
Rights Commission study group provided the-group
only includes members from states 'having diplo-
matic relations with Chile. The South African
resolution is also expected to be passed, despite
its relatively strong demands for action against
Pretoria's apartheid policies.
-The Arab group has not yet indicated its
strategy for dealing faith the agenda item on Israeli
violations. Discussion of this issue, however, will
probably provide the major forum for their customary
anti-Israeli diatribes. If the Arabs choose to
call on the non-aligned majority, this could lead
to the passage of inflammatory resolutions.
Despite the provocative resolution drafted by
the Greek Cypriots, which is sharply critical o:E
Turkish actions on Cyprus, negotiations among the
Cypriots and Turks during the past few days appear
to have succeeded in working out a compromise
acceptable to all parties. The recent Turkish
February 14, 1975
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proclamation of a federated Turkish Cypriot state
on the island and the contemplated Cypriot call
for a Security Council meeting to consider
the situation, however, may destroy this tenuous
cooperation in the human rights forum.
k'ebruaYy 14,1975
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