CUBAN SUBVERSIVE ACTIVITES IN AFRICA

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP79T00826A001000010067-1
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: T
• Document Page Count: 25
• Document Creation Date: December 21, 2016
• Document Release Date: July 30, 2008
• Sequence Number: 67
• Publication Date: July 28, 1966
• Content Type: IM

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28 July 1966
Copy No
23
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INTELLIGENCE MEMORANDUM
CUBAN SUBVERSIVE ACTIVITIES IN AFRICA
DIRECTORATE OF INTELLIGENCE
TOP SECRET
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GROUP 1
Excluded from automatic
downgrading and
declassification
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CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
Directorate of Intelligence
28 July 1966
INTELLIGENCE MEMORANDUM*
Cuban Subversive Activities in Africa
Summary
The Castro regime is continuing to play a sub-
stantial role in training and advising a number of
African extremist organizations as well as giving
assistance to a few radical African governments.
Fidel Castro has been impressed with the revolu-
tionary milieu of Africa since at least 1961 when
the Cubans extended limited guerrilla warfare train-
ing to a few African extremist groups.
There are at least two probable reasons for
Castro's desire to meddle in African affairs. Such
activity serves to enhance his credentials as the
self-proclaimed leader of the "anti-imperialist
forces of the underdeveloped world." Moreover,
friendly ties with like-minded regimes in Africa
help Cuba avoid the pinch of world-wide diplomatic
isolation with which it has been threatened in re-
cent years.
The Cuban presence in Africa is not large.
However, in at least one instance, in Congo (Brazza-
ville), Havana has been able to make a major contri-
bution to maintaining a radical regime in power.
Cuban assistance to various African rebel groups is
unlikely to meet with the same success as its Congo
(Brazzaville) activities. Nevertheless, a rela-
tively small contribution of Cuban training, ma-
teriel, or manpower would somewhat increase their
potential.
*Prepared by the Office of Current Intelligence and
coordinated with the Deputy Directorate for Plans.
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1. In general, Cuban efforts in Africa fall
into three categories. In some places--the Congo
(Kinshasa) and Portuguese Africa--the Cubans have
focused on training and advising rebel groups seek-
ing to overthrow existing regimes. In others, such
as the Congo (Brazzaville) and Mali, Havana is granting
military and technical assistance to support existing
regimes. Elsewhere--in Tanzania, Guinea, and Algeria,
for example--the Cubans are merely trying to maintain
the good will of regimes whose diplomatic support
would be beneficial in international forums.
2. Havana has been a good deal bolder in sup-
porting insurgent activities in Africa than in Latin
America. It has sent several hundred Cuban military
and technical personnel to Africa as well as sizable
quantities of arms and ammunition. The Cubans have
not confined their activities in Africa solely to
military assistance, however. A number of scholar-
ships are granted to African students each year. On
2 July 1966, the Congo (Brazzaville) regime announced
that 70 Congolese are studying medicine in Cuba.
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In addition, groups of Cuban medical or economic
technicians are now in the Congo (Brazzaville), Mali,
and Algeria. Cuba also beams about 95 hours of
short-wave radio broadcasts each week to African
and Mediterranean areas.
3. Havana invites African organizations to
send representatives to special Cuban events such
as the annual 26 July celebrations. Portuguese Af-
rican rebel leader Amilcar Cabral and Congolese rebel
leader Gaston Soumialot in particular have been fre-
quent visitors in recent years. It is likely that
the Cuban leaders take pains to impress their Afri-
can friends with the need for employing armed struggle
to gain political power, and that they offer the more
important visitors limited funds and military training.
4. The following is a summary of Cuban subver-
sive activities in Africa during the last 12 months:
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Congo (Brazzaville)
Cuban military personnel have been in
the Congo (Brazzaville) for about a year, giving
paramilitary training to the National Civil Defense
Corps (NCCD), the Action for Rural Renewal (ARR)--
originally formed to employ youth in agricultural
projects and road maintenance--and the youth wing
of the ruling political party. Some NCCD units are
led by Cubans. Since December 1965, about 50 Cubans
have formed the presidential guard unit. There are
also a few Cuban sailors in the small Congolese Navy.
At least 300 Cuban military and technical personnel
are believed to be in the Congo (Brazzaville); and
150 more "agricultural experts" are scheduled to ar-
rive in the near future, according to a 2 July 1966
Congolese radio announcement. The radio has also
announced that in January 1966, Cuba granted the re-
gime 220 scholarships for training doctors and agri-
cultural experts.
Both President Massamba-Debat and Prime
Minister Noumazalay have praised the crucial role the
Cubans played during the recent army revolt and re-
portedly said on 3 July that their regime was still
in power only because of Cuban support. The Cubans
guarded party and government leaders, as well as key
buildings during the disturbances.
Congo (Kinshasa)
The Cubans were very active on behalf
of the Congo rebels at the height of the 1964-65
rebellion.
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a sizable number of Cubans were with the
insurgents in the Fizi region of the Congo on the
northwestern shore of Lake Tanganyika. Their train-
ing apparently paid dividends; the rebels showed
greater skill in paramilitary operations than pre-
viously.
Cuban training of Congolese dissidents
apparently began in 1961. About 15 Congolese traveled
to Cuba presumably
for guerrilla warfare training or ideological indoc-
trination. or both
Cuban soldiers
had been participating in ambushes and rebel attacks
in the eastern Congo. An influx of Cubans apparently
took place last summer?
The Cuban military personnel in the
Congo apparently were pulled out after the series
of rebel defeats in November 1965; over: 100 Cubans
left Dar-es-Salaam in late December and early Jan-
uary. the Cubans as
well as the Chinese Communists have offered to train
some exiledCongolese rebels from the faction headed
by Gaston Soumialot, provided that they agree to re-
turn to the Congo and renew military operations.
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However, Soumialot
and his followers are now shying away from armed ac-
tion and appear to be concentrating on building a
well-trained and disciplined Congolese cadre-in-
exile.
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Portuguese Africa
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Cuba first began to assist Angolan exiles
after Ernesto "Che" Guevara's meeting in early 1965
with Agostenho Neto, head of the Popular Movement for
the Liberation of Angola (MPLA), one of the two princi-
pal Angolan nationalist groups. Havana's support to
the MPLA has been largely limited to assigning small
numbers of Cuban personnel in the Congo (Brazzaville)
as guerrilla warfare instructors. A Cuban adviser
accompanying MPLA forces was killed in early April
during an attack on Cabinda, an exclave of Angola,
Portuguese Guinean rebel leader Amilcar
Cabral's action group may also have received assist-
ance and training from the Cubans in recent months.
His organization is based in and normally receives
its arms through Guinea.
the Cuban ship Lidia Doce offloaded military
equipment at Conakry during the second week of June;
the arms presumably were destined for the rebels in
Portuguese Guinea.
the Cubans are making efforts to gain influence in
the Mozambique nationalist movement. In early Janu-
ary 1966, Cuba approached Uriah Simango, a leader of
the Mozambique Liberation Front (FRELIMO) with an
offer of assistance,'
/ There are no indications the offer was
accepted, but FRELIMO would probably welcome the
presence of Cuban instructors in FRELIMO's Tanzanian
training camps.
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in January that at least one Cuban was giving
military training to personnel of the Revolutionary
Committee of Mozambique in Lusaka, Zambia, the suc-
cessor group to the New National Democratic Union
of Mozambique.
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Nigeria 25X1
Small numbers of Nigerian Communist
Party members are receiving guerrilla warfare train-
ing in Cuba
Mali
In late 1965 arrangements reportedly
were under consideration to send young Malians to
Cuban and other Communist countries during 1966 to
receive militia training.
Guinea
Cuban personnel reportedly are cooper-
ating with Sekou Toure- in small-scale training of
pro-Nkrumah Ghanaian exiles.
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Algeria
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efforts are being made by Havana to improve re- 25:0
lations with Algiers. The fall of Ben Bella in June
1965 was the biggest setback Cuba has suffered in
Africa. The Ben Bella regime was Cuba's strongest
African supporter and cooperated closely with the
Castro regime in assisting African extremist groups.
Castro bitterly denounced the Boumediene coup as
military "repression, reaction, and counterrevolu-
tion." Relations between the two countries have
remained cool since the coup.
However, the Cubans have maintained a
team of medical officers in Algeria. A Cuban dele-
gation which attended Algeria's independence day
celebrations on 5 July pressed Algerian officials
for a strengthening of Cuban-Algerian friendship,
The Boumediene
regime has reciprocated by sending a delegation to
Cuba for the 26 July celebrations. In addition,
Jorge Serguera, Cuba's former ambassador to Al-
geria who was sent to the Congo (Brazzaville) in
July 1965, has recently returned to Algiers. There
are still hitches in Cuban-Algerian relations, but
if a rapprochement is effected it might signal a
return to joint cooperation in assisting some
radical African revolutionary groups. (Map)
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THEGAMB
PORT.G
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ISIA

MOROCCO
VP' NISH
S ARA
UNITED
ARAB
REPUBLIC
MAURITANIA
SENEGAL
SUDAN
UPPER VOLTA
RENGH
MALILAND
GUINEA
MET
NIGERIA
SIERR
IVORY
COAST
ETH 10P IA
CENTRAL AFRICAN
REPUBLIC
ALI
BLIC
CAMEROON
UGANDA
KENYA
CUBAN
SUBVERSION
IN AFRICA
DEMOCRATIC
REPUBLIC
OF THE
Kinshasa
CONGO
AN
Seeking overthrow of existing regime
Supporting existing regime
Bolstering Cuban image
MOZAM
!DUE
RHODES!
WALVIS BA
63111
SOUTH-WEST
AFRICA
MALAGA
REPUB
BECHUANALAND
REPUBLIC
OF
SOUTH AFRICA
ND
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SECRET
27 July 1966
MEMORANDUM
SUBJECT: Memorandum on Cuban Subversive Activities in
Africa
1. The referenced memorandum is an updating of a
yearly report cataloguing Cuban subversion in Africa, and
was self.initiated. It fOcuses on the extent of Cuban
assistance to the Congo Brazzaville regime as well as Cuban
aid to several radical African rebel groups.
2. I recommend that this memorandum be given routine 25X1
external and internal dissemination.
SECRET
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Mr. Donald Ropa
The White House
Dear Don:
10 August 1966
Attached nor your recent request is a STAT
*emorandum on
Cuban Subversive Activities in Africa.
The text accurately reflects our assess-
ment of the facts of the gitustinn
Sincerely yours,
tui. E. =3, bnc-'-'
R. J. Smith
Deputy Director for Intelligence
Attachment: a/s
0/DDI yd(10 Aug 66)
Distri ut on:
Orig - Addressee w/Oft2 atts
1 - DCI w att
1 - w/att
w a
1 - DDI Watt
1 - Exec w/att
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STAT
STAT
STAT
STAT
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The Castro regime is
role In training and advisimg a
orgailiaatioes as well as giving ass
radical African governments. Fidel
pressed with the revolutionary milieu of
least 1961 whoa the Cubans provided guerr
traiu lug to some African intimate* groups.
.ubt&Utial
can etreist
a number of
been :a-
a since at
an re
Thor. are at least two probable reasons for Castro's
desire to meddle in African affairs. Such activity serves
to enhance his credentials as the self-proclaimed leader
of the "anti-imperialist forces of the underdeveloped
world." Moreover, friendly ties with like-minded regimes
in Africa help Cuba avoid the pinch of verl&wide diplea
vatic isolation with which it has been threatened iu re-
cent years.
The Cuban presence in Africa is not large. However,
in at least one thstance, in Congo ( 110, Havana
has bees able to nake major contribution to maintaining
a radical regime ii, power. Cuban assixtance to various
African rebel groupe is unlikely to meet with the some
success as tts Cesgo (Brazzaville) activities. Neverthe-
less, a relatively small contribution of Claims trainiug,
materiel, or manpower would increase their peteatial.
. In general, Cuban efforts is Africa fall into three
tegories. In some places?the Cent* (Alashasa) and
Portuguese Africa?the Cubans have focused on training
and advising rebel groups seeking to overthrow existing
regimes. In others, audit as the Congo (brazzaville) and
Mali, Vivaria is granting military and techmical assist-
ance to support existing regime,. Elsewhere--in Tanzania,
Guinea, and Algeria, for example?the Cubans are merely
trying to maintain the good will of regimes whose diplo-
matic support would be beneficial in international forums.
Navas* has been a good deal bolder in supporting in-
surgent activities ia Africa than in Latin America. It
has sent several hundred Cuban military amid technical per-
&easel to Africa as well as sizable quest/ties of arms and
ammunition. The Cubans have not confined their activities
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in Africa solely to military assistance, however. A number
Of scholarships aro granted to African students each year.
On 2 July 1966, the Camila (Rraneaville) regimo anommood
that 70 Congolese aro otaayimg medicine in Cuba. There are
no reliable figures on the total number of Africans studying
in Cuba but many African atmdants are known to trowel there
either for academic or military training. In addition,
groups of Cuban medical or economic timbal-Wise, are vow in
the Congo (arazaavillo), Mull, and Algeria. Cabe AiSO
beams about 93 hours of short-wave radio broadcasts each
leek to African *ad Mediterranean areas.
Havana invites African organizations to send repro?
sostativas to special Cuban events such as the animal 26
July celebration*. Portuguese African robe]. leader Annear
Cabral and Congolese rebel leador Gaston aounialot ID
particular have been frequent visitors in recent years.
It is likely that the Cuban leaders take pains to impress
their African friends with the mod for employing armed
struggle to gain political power, and that they offer the
more important visitor* limited evade *ad military training.
Th* following is a summary of Cubes subversive ac-
tivities In Africa during the last 12 months:
Como ($rassaville)
Calm. military personnel have *e in the Congo
(9ranaaville) for about a year, giving paramilitary train.
tag to the National Civil Defense Corps MCCD), the Action
for Rural Renewal (AU).-originally formed to employ youth
in agricultural project* sad read maintenanco--aad the
youth wing of the ruling political party. Dome JCC D mit*
are led by Cubans. Since December 1906, about 60 Cabana
have formed the presidential guard unit. There are re-
portedly also a low Cuban sailors in the small Congolese
Navy. At least 300 Cuban military and technical personnel
are believed to be in the ClemgolDraaxaville); and 150 more
"agricultural experts" were scheduled to arrive noon, ac-
cording to a 2 July 1964 Congolese radio annouacement.
The radio has also announced that is January 1964, Cuba
granted the regime 220 scholarships for training doctors
and agricultural *averts.
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Meth Presisnt Me and 'rims Ninietsr
Mbumesalay have prataed the crucial role the *hams
durLag the realist army revolt arid have stated that t
regime is still in peeler may beeause of Cuba* support.
The Cabana guarded party sad garvembintt leaders, as well
re key buildings duriag the disturbances, sad pretested
the Congolese Army tram overthrowing the pre-Communist
Draxnaville regime.
firo (Nimbus)
Cahalan yam very astir,. os
at the bet 4 of the 2964
of the
a e
ssurgents is the fist rgt of the Ceago ea the nerth.,
western shore of Y Lain sp.
parently paid div ; the rebels showed greater skill
in paramilitary op.rst toms than previously.
Cuban training of Cnegelese dissidents aware
Timms in 1961. About 16 Ce lokiA_astrinreledtoCubs
PresSeohlY for guerrilla war-
fare training or ideelogiCal indoctrinaties, or both.
About a year ago it was noted that Cuban soldiers had bees
participating in ambushes and rebel attacks La the casters
Congo. An influx of Cubans apparently took place there
last summer. Groups of CUbsms arrived in per-400-6alsau
in late August and, early September 1946.
The Cuban military personnel in the Osage ap-
parently were pulled out after the series of rebel defeats
In November 1966; a large plumber of Cubans left Dar-ee
Salaam in late December sad early January. The Cubans
as well as the Chinese Communists have offered to train
some exiled Congolese rebels from the faction headed by
Goatee Doumialet. Nowever, un islet and his followers
are shying away from armed action and appear to be cos-
centrating on building a well-trained and disciplined
Congolese cadre lapsoxile.
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uguese Africa
Cuba first began to assist Angolan exiles
through Agostinho Moto, head of the Pbpular Moves/ma for
the Liberation of Angola (MPLA), ome of the two principal
Angolan nationalist groups. Havens's support to the MPLA
has consisted of the assiGnment of CUbas personnel in the
Congo (Brazzaville) as guerrilla warfare instructors. Me-
cently, some MPLA members went to abs, presumably for
military training or indoctrinaUsn. Agostisho Seto *as
in Cuba in March 1966 solicitingsaterial assistance tram
Cuban leaders.
POrtuguese Guissas rebel leader Amilcar Cabral's
action group may also bjve received assistance and train-
lug from the CUbans is recess* mouths. . Xis organizatios in
based in and normally receives xte arms through Guinea.
At least one Cuban ship is knows to have offloaded mili-
tary equipment at Conakry duriag the second es= of June;
the arms were destined for the rebels in Pertuguese Guinea.
Occasional reports suggest the Cubans are making
o ts to gain influence in the Mozambique natiosaliet
movements, the Mocambique Laberation Frost (JRUM) sod
the Revolutionary Committee of Mozambique (COU).
Algeria
It would not be surprisimg if efforts were be-
ing made by Mavana to improve relations with Algiers.
The fall of Ben Bella in June 1965 was the biggest set-
back Cuba has suffered in Africa. The Bon Rolla regime
was Cuba's strongest African supporter and cooperated
closely with the Castro regime in assisting African ex-
tremist groups. Castro bitterly denousoed the loumediene
soup. Relations between the two countries have remaised
cool since the coup.
However, the Cubans have maintained a team of
medicalfficers is Algeria. The Cuban delegation which
attended Algeria's independence day celebrations on 5 July
reportedly pressed Algerian officials for a strengthening
of Cuban-Algerian friendship. The Boumediese regime has
reciprocated by mondial; a delegatiee to Cuba for the 20
July celebrations. In addition, Jorge Berguer*, Cuba's
termer ambassador to Algeria who was sent to the Congo
(Brazzaville) in July 1965, has recently returned to
Algiers. There are still hitches is Cuban-Algerian rola-
tions, but a rapprochement may be effected.
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ba v i,c. ir Atrti
The Castro regime till :oat-inn:Ad to pi:4 A eubutartial
role Irt training and 11.Avosing a number of African eatresi.st
orgartizp.tons as well s g'4vtizg assistence to A number of
rudleal Airan governments. Fidel Castro IvAs been
pressed with the revolutioury nilIee of Africa slue* at
least 1901 wLen the Cu.bans provided guerrilla warfare
truising to riiomitk Afritan extremist groups.
Ttere %re
at least two probable reason. for Cantre's
desire to aeddle ,./1 Airin 7v1fatre. Such act;vity ~vet,.
to enhance il&s credentials the *elf-proclaimed iced*,
of the "antt-imperielist forces of the underdeveloped
woirld." l g
ioroover frleadly tire* vitt; like...minded regimes
1 Africa help Culoa avoid the pinch of ver14.wide diple.-
matic tsolation with vbieh it has bees threatened In re-
cent year*.
The Cuban presence in Africa is not large. Mowever,
in at least ene tea/lance, in Congo (Brazzaville), Bav4i4m
him heap able to make A osjor contribution to matetain.:eg
a radtcal regime is, power. Cuban anstatance to various
4,17:icaa rebel groups is unlikely to =eat with the sou*
OUCCOOO AO ItIS Congo (draavz.,,ville) activities. lieverthe-
leSA, u relatively small costrIbution of Cuban traIving,
r.voteriel, or atspoveer vould ncretne their potential.
In gener41, Cuban efforts in Africa fall into three
categories. In some places.the COngo (Xlmshaea) and
Portuguese A/ rtes.-the Cubans have focused on truning
usd udvisJ,ng rebel groups seekIng to overthrow existing
regimes. In others, such as the Cougo (Brazzaville) and
Salt, Havasu is granting militury and technical aselst-
2E" to support initiottug regimes. Xlsewhere...in TAPXAULS,
Guinea, and Algeria, for example...the Cubans are merely
tying to maintain the good will of regimes ribose diplo-
matic support would be beneficial in intereational forums.
/Weave has bees a good deal holder in supporting in-
surgent activities in Africa than in Latin America. It
hes seal several hundred Cuban military and technical per-
sonnel to Africa as well an sizable quantities of arms and
zImmunition. The Cubans have not confined their activitiea
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in Africa eoiely to U1itsry assistance, however. A
of zCb rtia are growled to African Atudents each year.
Om 2 July 1906, the Congo (Oraxxaville) regime announced
that 70 Congolese are fiu4ying medicine in Cuba. There are
no reliuble figures oz the total number of Africans studying
in Cuba but many African students are ksawn to travel there
either for academic or military training. In addition,
groups of Cuban eedical or econosis tochnic.iams are new
the Congo COraxzelvale), *alio end Algeria. Cuba also
beaus about 93 hours of ebert-wove radio broadcasts each
mock to African and anditerransan arose.
kavaau invites African organiAatiess to send repro
nentatives to special Cubes events such as the annual 20
July celebrations. Portuguese African rebel leader Amilcar
Cabral and Congolese rebel leader Gaston Sounialat in
particular have been freousnt visitors in recast years.
It is llkaly that the Cubits leaders take pates to impress
their African friends with the mooed for employisg armed
struggle to gain political paver, asd that they offer the
nor* important visitors limited .funds and military trataiug.
The following is a summary of Cuban subversive a
in Africa during the last 12 the;
(nrasaavills)
ban military personnel
) for about a year, giving par
tiesal Civil Dams Corps MOM
naval (ARR)--origisally formed to ooploy
ltural projects mad road maiatenanee..and the
youth wing of the ruling political party. $ome WOAD units
are led by Cnbams. Sipco Q0cember 1945, about 50 Clubman
havoc iosd the presidential guard unit. Mere are re
par t.dlj also a few Cuban sailors is the small Congolese
Navy. At least 300 Cuban military and technical personnel
are believed to be is the Congo(grassaville); sad 160 nor.
"agricultural exports" ware scheduled to arrive soon, ac-
cording to a 2 July 1904 Congolese radio announeemeot.
The radio has also announced that in January 1060, Cuba
granted the regime 220 scholarships for training doctors
and agricultural experts.
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t wad
Nammanalay
during the recast army revolt
regime is still is power only becalm.
The Cubans guarded party and goverememt leaders, as
as July b13t-141810 dmvirg the disturbances, and proven
the Congolese Army from evorthrswisg the pre-Clemmmais
Brazzaville regime.
The Cubsns wore very
rebels at the height of
a sable number Cubans Avers sits two
iZapargaWte-Ta the /lei region of the Congo on tbe north
western saber. of Lake Tanganyika. Their training ap-
parently paid divideedei the rebels showed greater skill
in paramilitary operations this"' previously.
Wise trainift of Congolese dissidents apparestly
in 1901. About lb Coenelese traveled to Cuba late
year or in early 1002, presumably for guerrilla ear
training or ideological indoctrimatioa, or both.
Abnst a year age it was meted that CUbas soldiers had bee*
participation in ambushes sod rebel attacks is the *asters
Congo. As influx of Cnbase appereetly took place there
last summer. Groups of Cubans arrived is Mar.es.Salaan
is late Luguat and slimly September 190b.
The Cuban military persospel in the Como ap.
tly were pulled out atter the series of rebel defeats
'blur 1906; a large somber of Cubans left Ver-es.
its late December and early Jimmy. The Cubans
loll as the Chimes. Commeelets hove offered to trate
sons exiled Congolese rebels tiros the faction beaded by
Gaston Semmialet. SOwever, Sounialet sod his followers
are *hying away from armed action and appear to be oon-
eentratian on betiding a well-trained and disciplined
Congolese cadre-in-exile.
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ba first begs& to ase
through Agoatiake Mete, hood ot the
the Liberation of Amgola (UPLA)? one
Angolan eationalist group*. Havana support to
has comoteted of the assignment of Cuban "greets**
Congo (1rezzaville) as guerrilla eerier* tatructors.
cently? some MPLA members went to COba? preaumebl
eilitary training or indoetrdaatieo. Agootieho Nieto
in Cube in Barak leee solicitieg esterial assistance from
Cuban Isadore.
Portugsese Guia rebel lesder Am, leer Cabral's
P ray also have received aseietamce and train.
ho Waage it recent months'. Its organization is
and eormally rec.tss ite arms through Guinea.
Celan ship is loom to have off landed mili.
sry 4144 t at Cenahry durieg the second week of Jetts;
the arma were destined for the rebels in Portuguese Guinea.
OCCASt00411 reports suggest the Cabana are makieg
efforts to gain influence is the Mozambique nationalist
movements, the Mosambtque Liberaties Frost ammo) and
the Revolutionary COmmittee et Mosanbique (conso).
Alert*
It would not be svrpr toing it efforts wort* be
ieg made by Maven* to improve relations with Algiere
The fall of an Bells in June 1965 vas the biggest set-
back Cub* ha* suffered to Africa. The Ben Sella regime
was Cuba 'a *trowel African supporter sod cooperated
closely with the Castro regime in satiating African ex
tremist groups. Castro bitterly denounced the Boumediene
coup. flotations between the two couttriee have remained
cool since the coup.
wever, the Cubans have maintained a team of
cams At Algeria, The Cuban delegation which
ries independaace day celebratiome on July
reportedly pressed Algerian officials for a strengthening
of Cubee.Algeriaa friendship. The Boumediene regime has
reciprocated by seeding a delegation to Cabe for the 20
July celebrations, In addition, Jorge Bergner*, Cuba's
fawner ambassador to Algeria who was sent to the Congo
(Brazzaville) in July 1966,, has recently retureed to
Alusre. There are still hitting& is Cuban.,Algeriae !via-
Hoag, but a rapprochement may be 'Wonted.
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