ANALYSIS OF SOVIET BLOC FOREIGN TRADE IN NON-MILITARY ELECTRONICS

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• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP79S01100A000200120001-5
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 45
• Document Creation Date: November 9, 2016
• Document Release Date: December 7, 1998
• Sequence Number: 1
• Publication Date: June 1, 1966
• Content Type: REPORT

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ANALYSIS OF SOVIET BLOC FOREIGN TRADE
IN NON-MILITARY ELECTRONICS
EIC-ETSC-WP-4
June 1966
ENT NO.
DELA
CLS. CHANGED
NEXT REVIEW DATE:
AUTH: HR 70-2
DATE: !M.'13g W2-REVIEWER:
7. IN CLASS. I
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ECONOMIC INTELLIGENCE COMMITTEE
SUBCOMMITTEE ON ELECTRONICS AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS
GROUP 1
Excluded from automatic
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Foreword
The analysis presented here was completed in August 1965. A report based
on this work and summarizing the most significant general trends in Soviet Bloc
foreign trade in electronics was published as CIA/RR ER 66-4 March 1966, SECRET.'
Because the analysts responsible for studying the electronics and telecommunications
industries of the Communist countries have an interest in the details of foreign
trade in electronics, the Electronics and Telecommunications Subcommittee of
the EIC is publishing these notes as a working paper.
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CONTENTS
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Page
1. General 1
2. USSR 1
a. Intra-Bloc Trade
2
b. Trade with Non-Bloc Countries 6
3. Hungary
a. Intrabloc Trade 9
b. Trade with non-Bloc Countries 10
4. East Germany 11
a. Intrabloc Trade 13
b. Trade with non-Bloc Countries 14
5. Czechoslovakia 15
a. Intrabloc Trade
b. Trade with non-Bloc Countries
6. Poland
16
19
19
a. Exports 19
b. Imports 20
7. Bulgaria 21
a. Exports 21
b. Imports 21
8. Rumania 21
a. Exports 21
b. Imports 22
Appendix A. Definitions
Appendixes
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Appendix Be Methodology
Page
24
Appendix C. Statistical Tables 27
Tables
1. Soviet Bloc: Estimated Trade in Electronic Equipment, by
Area of Origin and Destination, 1958-65 . . . . . . . .
2. Soviet Bloc: Estimated Total Trade in Electronic Equipment,
By Country, 1958-65
29
3. Comparison of Export of Non-Military Electronics and
Production of All Electronics, Selected Soviet Bloc
Countries, 1958 and 1965 30
4. Soviet Bloc: Estimated Total Trade in Electronic
Equipment, By Category, 1958-65
31
5. Soviet Bloc: Estimated Trade in Electronic Equipment
with Non-Bloc Countries, by Bloc Country, 1958-65 . 32
6. Soviet Bloc: Estimated Trade in Electronic Equipment
with Non-Bloc Countries, by Category, 1958-65 33
7. USSR: Estimated Trade in Electronic Equipment, by
Category, 1958-65 34
8. USSR: Estimated Trade in Electronic Equipment by Area
of Origin and Destination, 1958-65 ...... . . . .
35
9. Hungary: Estimated Exports of Electronic Equipment, by
Category, 1958-65 36
10. Hungary: Estimated Trade in Electronic Equipment, by
Area of Origin and Destination, 1958-65
11. East Germany: Estimated Trade in Electronics Equipment
by Category, 1958-65
37
38
12. East Germany: Estimated Trade in Electronic Equipment,
by Area of Origin and Destination, 1958-65 39
13. Czechoslovakia: Estimated Trade in Electronic Equipment,
by Category, 1958-65
4o
14. Czechoslovakia: Estimated Trade in Electronic Equipment,
by Area of Origin and Destination, 1958-65 ..... . . 41
v -
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Analysis of Soviet Bloc Foreign Trade in Non-Military Electronics
1. General
This study is concerned with the analysis of the foreign trade in non-military
electronics of individual countries of the Soviet Bloc. For the sake of conven-
ience, Tables 1 through 6 have been included to summarize the national data on a
Bloc-wide basis. For a discussion of the summary data, the reader is referred
to CIA/RR ER 66-4, March 1966, SECRET.
2. USSR
The foreign sales of the Soviet electronics industry neither account for a
significant portion of its domestic production nor, with few exceptions, mark the
USSR as a leader in this trade in the Bloc. Estimated annual exports of elec-
tronic equipment by the USSR during the period 1958-65 never reached one percent
of its domestic production. Moreover, Soviet exports of electronic equipment are
growing at a rate that is less than half that estimated for the other major
exporters in the Bloc. As a result, the Soviet share of total exports by the
Bloc of electronic equipment, which amounted to about 22 percent in 1958, probably
declined to about 10 percent in 1965. Since 1960, the Soviet Union has ranked
fourth in the export of electronic equipment, behind Hungary, East Germany, and
Czechoslovakia.
Consumer entertainment equipment and instruments predominate in Soviet
exports of electronic equipment (see Table 7). Exports of the former, prin-
cipally television receivers, accounted for nearly half of all Soviet exports
of electronic equipment in most years of the period 1958-63. An increase of
almost 100 percent in exports of television receivers was the chief factor in
the increase of about 55 percent (from
27 million in 1961 to
42 million in 1962)
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in Soviet exports of electronic equipment in 1962. Moreover, it was a fall in the
exports of entertainment equipment that accounted principally for the decline in
exports of electronic equipment in 1964 and 1965. Exports of instruments, which
are growing slowly but steadily, account for about a third of Soviet exports of
electronic equipment, a share that has not changed significantly since 1958. On
the other hand, exports of communications equipment grew from about 10 percent of
total electronic exports in 1958 to about 25 percent of the total in 1963. Exports
of components are relatively small and not expected to grow in the foreseeable
future.
It is estimated that Soviet imports of electronics, which in 1965 amounted
to about four times the value of exports, have never exceeded 1.5 percent of
domestic output, and, hence, have contributed insignificantly to the total volume
of electronic goods available to the USSR. On the other hand, the USSR is the
foremost importer of electronic equipment in the Soviet Bloc, and in the period
1962-65 probably received more than a third of the Bloc's total electronic imports.
Communications equipment accounted for over 35 percent and instruments for
49 percent of total Soviet electronic imports in the period 1958-62. In the
period 1963-65, however, the percentage share of the total represented by com-
munications equipment probably amounted to about 45 percent, whereas the share
represented by instruments probably dropped to about 40 percent. Most of the
remainder of Soviet imports of electronic equipment consists of components which
probably quadrupled during the period 1961-65.
a. Intra-Bloc Trade
Trade in electronic equipment by the Soviet Union is carried on mainly
with the European Satellites. In 1962, for example, an estimated 93 percent of
Soviet exports of electronic equipment were shipped to this area and an estimated
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80 percent of Soviet imports of such equipment were received from there. Most of
the remainder of Soviet trade in electronic goods was conducted with Western
Europe (including Finland and Yugoslavia), the Near East, and Japan. Estimated
Soviet exports and imports of electronic equipment by area are given in Table 8.
1) Exports
Soviet exports of electronic goods to the Satellites in 1965
probably amounted to about $30 million and exceeded those of 1958 by about 45
percent. This growth compares poorly with that of the intra-Bloc exports of the
major exporters among the Satellites and is accounted for mainly by increases in
the exports of communications equipment and instruments.
Almost all Soviet exports of communications gear are received by
the European Satellites, primarily Czechoslovakia, Rumania, Poland and Bulgaria.
East Germany and Hungary have not purchased significant amounts of Soviet communi-
cations gear because their own industries are capable of meeting most of their
own requirements. Telephone exchanges and related equipment probably comprised the
chief part of the communications equipment exported by the USSR up to the end of
1960. Later, as exports increased, their composition changed to include shipments
of transmission equipment for VESNA microwave radio relay installations (exported
principally to Czechoslovakia and Rumania, but also to Bulgaria and Poland), as
well as repeater equipment for a K1920 coaxial telephone and television trans-
mission system linking Moscow with some of the major cities in Eastern Europe.
Rather steady growth in exports of Soviet instruments has taken
place in the period 1958-1965 and is expected to continue in the foreseeOle
future, with East Germany and Hungary receiving about one fourth of the total
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and the Satellites altogether receiving more than three-fourths.*
Exports of entertainment equipment, principally television receivers
to Czechoslovakia, Rumania and Poland, experienced a temporary increase in 1962
and 1963, but by 1965 appeared to have subsided to about the level of 1958. The
fall in exports to the Satellites of Soviet television receivers is directly
related to the rise of domestic production in those countries.
Most exports of components, which are small and generally unreported,
are sent to the Satellites. It is likely that the USSR exports components to these
countries to accommodate specific short term projects, many initiated at the
request of the USSR itself, or to service Soviet-made equipment in Eastern Europe.
2) Imports
The share of Soviet imports received from the European Satellites
during the period 1958-61 was about 75 percent of the USSR's total foreign
purchases of electronic goods. In 1962 this share increased to 80 percent, and
may have reached 90 percent by 1965. Until 1961, Soviet imports of electronic
equipment from these countries exceeded exports to them by only about 20 percent,
but an increase of 37 percent in imports in 1961, resulting from a large increase
in receipts of communication equipment, pushed total imports of electronic equip-
ment from the Satellites to a level about twice that of exports. By the end of
1965, Soviet imports of electronics from this area, enlarged by additional imports
of components and communication equipment, were expected to be about four times
the level of exports to the area. Throughout the period 1958,65, virtually all
4ppgtit7:! ._?.1trv.,:t.i.-,F....:1,,,.:. ,c...t.:-.?. :,. ? .
* Roughly 4o percent of Soviet exports of instruments in the period 1958-60
1.,?C :--:' .; - : , :' , ? r ' A.!7'.'5,:' `.E.:...,,... ...-., :,,Tzn,,n:10.79):,:ypt;f:,[.:
,
were received by Communist China. After 1960, these exports fell precip-
itously.
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Soviet imports of electronics equipment from the European Satellites came from
Hungary, East Germany, and Czechoslovakia. A distribution of Soviet imports of
electronics by country of origin, however, can be made only for the period 1962-65,
during which nearly 45 percent of Soviet imports from the Bloc came from Hungary,
about 25 percent from East Germany, and 30 percent from Czechoslovakia.
During the period 1962-65, the Soviet Union received about si65
million worth of electronic goods from Hungary,? more than half of Hungary's
total exports of such goods in that period. Communications equipment, ranging
from village telephone exchanges to broadband microwave radio relay equipment,
accounted for about 70 percent of these imports, and instruments accounted for
about 25 percent. The small remainder is made up of components. Increases in
Soviet imports of communications equipment from Hungary are primarily responsi-
ble for the tripling in value of Hungary's exports of communications equipment
between 1961 and 1963.
Soviet imports of electronics equipment from Czechoslovakia in
the period 1962-65 probably exceeded $110 million, and comprised more than
45 percent of Czechoslovakia's total exports of electronic equipment in that
period. Before 1962, components constituted less than 5 percent of the total
Soviet imports of electronic equipment from Czechoslovakia. But in 1962, the
value of imported Czechoslovak components, chiefly radio receiver tubes, tripled,
and by 1965 represented about 20 percent of all imports of electronic equipment
from Czechoslovakia. This change was accompanied by an estimated decline in the
percentage share (but not in the absolute value) of imports of communications
equipment from 70 percent to 50 percent between 1961 and 1965. Soviet imports
of instruments from Czechoslovakia have grown steadily and represent 25-30
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percent of total imports of Czechoslovak electronic equipment.
Soviet imports of electronic equipment from East Germany in the
period 1962-65, estimated at about
95 million, accounted for about 35 percent of
East Germany's exports of electronic goods and consisted chiefly of instruments
and components. Instruments represented more than 75 percent of the electronic
equipment imported from East Germany in the period 1958-61, but since 1961 the
share of instruments has been declining and by the end of 1965 represented about
60 percent. The share of components, amounting to 10-15 percent in 1961, has been
increasing, and may have reached 35 percent in 1965. Although imports of East
German communications equipment also may have increased after 1961, the data are
inconclusive. However, recently acquired evidence indicates that these imports
are likely to have increased beginning in late 1965.
b. Trade with Non-Bloc Countries
In the period 1958-65, the total value of Soviet imports of electronic
equipment from outside the Bloc probably reached nearly $100 million; however,
the value of Soviet exports to that area was expected to reach only a total of
about $20 million. If these estimated totals were achieved by the end of 1965,
the Soviet Union will have purchased about 17 percent of its imported electronic
equipment from the non-Bloc countries and will have sent about 8 percent of its
exports to that area.
Exports of Soviet electronic equipment to non-Bloc countries are so
small that little significance attaches to their trends. The largest share
(more than 50 percent) consists of communications equipment, chiefly telephone
apparatus and radio broadcast transmitters sent to the less developed countries.
The remaining portions are components (over 20 percent), instruments (nearly
15 percent), and consumer entertainment equipment (about 10 percent). The
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major customers of Soviet goods outside the Bloc are Finland, West Germany, India,
Yugoslavia, and Egypt.
Soviet imports of electronic equipment from non-Bloc countries, princi-
pally from Western Europe and Japan, have declined since 1961, both as a percentage
share and as an absolute value. Although in that year about 30 percent of Soviet
imports of electronic goods came from Western Europe and Japan, only about 9 per-
cent were obtained from this source in 1965.* Instruments comprised almost
60 percent of Soviet imports of electronic equipment from outside the Bloc in the
period 1958-62. Consumer entertainment equipment and communications equipment
each accounted for about 17 percent, and components accounted for the remainder.
The USSR's chief sources of electronic equipment in the Free World are France,
West Germany, the UK, Austria, and Japan,
3. Hungary
Hungarian exports of electronic equipment, which account for an estimated
average of 40 percent of annual production, are larger than those of any other
Communist country. The total exported during the period 1958-65 is estimated at
almost
4.60 million, and accounts for about 30 percent of the experts of electronic
equipment by the Soviet Bloc. Exports in 1965 are estimated at more than three
times those of 1958. The productive capacity of Hungary's electronic industry
ib larger than required to satisfy domestic requirements for finished end items.
* Since early 1963, however, Soviet imports of equipment for the production of
electronic components from countries outside the Bloc have risen Sharply from
the previous level of $0.7-
1.2 million per year. In 1963, these imports
'amounted to $10 million; $13-
imported in 1964, and
14 million worth of this equipment probably was
15 million worth? may have been imported ih 1965. These
.11110erts are not included intheata:Trosented in this report.
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Certain inputs of raw materials and special components, however, are not available
from domestic sources.
During the period 1958-61 the composition of Hungarian exports of electronic
equipment changed very slowly and in 1961 consisted of communications equipment
(25 percent of the total), instruments (25 percent), components (18 percent), and
consumer entertainment equipment (30 percent)(See Table 9). Beginning in 1962,
this distribution was altered drastically by a sharp emphasis on the exports of
communications equipment. Exports of communications equipment in 1965 are esti-
mated at about 5 times those of 1961 and accounted for about 55 percent of total
exports of electronic equipment. Exports of instruments also have increased, but
at a slower rate, and probably represented about 28 percent of Hungarian exports
of electronics equipment in 1965. Exports of consumer entertainment equipment
probably declined to about 10 percent of the total in 1965, and exports of compc-
nents, which showed no significant growth after 1961, probably dropped in 1965
to about 8 percent of the total..
Imports of electronic equipment by Hungary are relatively small, probably
amounting to about 10 percent of exports. Components and instruments are the
chief imports, but radio receivers also are.. imported in small but increasing
quantities. Components probably account for about 50 percent, and instruments
for about 25 percent of Hungary's total imports of electronic equipment. Of the
former, imports of television picture tubes, X-ray tubes, radio receiver tubes
and specialized resistors and transistors predominated in the period 1958-64.
Imports of picture tubes, however, declined steadily as Hungary became more
proficient in their production. Imports of X-ray and radio receiver tubes, on
the other hand, have steadily increased and are expected to continue to do so.
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Imports of radio receivers appear likely to increase because a lowering in their
domestic production is planned. However, radio receivers currently account for
only a few percent of the remaining 25 percent of Hungary's imports. Imports of
raw materials specifically intended for the electronics industry (e.g., quartz,
mica, special quality glass and certain rare metals) cannot be usefully quantified)
but they probably represent a significant portion of the unaccounted-for residual.
a. Intrabloc Trade
The principal recipient countries for Hungary's exports of electronic
goods are her Communist neighbors, who probably received about 90 percent of these
exports in the period 1958-65. Growth of exports to these countries, relatively
slow through 1962, achieved rates of 44 percent and 24 percent in 1963 and 1964
respectively, and an increase of 23 percent is estimated for 1965. Estimated
trade by area for the period 1958-65 is given in Table 10.
1) Exports
The USSR received 83 percent of Hungary's exports of communication
gear in 1963, and receipts in 1964-65 may have been nearly as large. The Eastern
European Communist countries and non-Bloc countries shared about equally In the
residual. Among these, Czechoslovakia predominated, purchasing mostly broad band
microwave radio relay equipment.
Little is known of the distribution of exports of Hungarian instru-
ments other than that the USSR has received about a third of these exports since
1958. The remainder most probably was distributed thinly among a large number of
Communist and Free World countries.
About a third of Hungary's exports of electronic components are
received by countries in the Soviet Bloc. Principal among these recipients in
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the period 1958-63 were the USSR, Poland, Bulgaria, and Rumania. In 1964, in
consequence of an international agreement among Hungary, Poland, Czechoslovakia,
and East Germany to. specialize in the production of certain radio receiver tubes
in order to reduce production costs, East Germany also became a major purchaser
of Hungarian-produced components.
More than half of the consumer entertainment equipment exported
by Hungary in the period 1958-62 consisted of television receivers, and virtually
all of them went to European Satellites. East Germany received about 50 percent,
Czechoslovakia and Poland about 20 percent each, and Rumania about 10 percent of;
these exports. A small quantity was shipped to Bulgaria. Of the rest of Hungary's
exports of consumer entertainment equipment, mainly radio receivers, customers in
the Bloc received very little. Hungarian exports of consumer entertainment
equipment are declining as Hungary reduces output of these goods in favor of
increased production of communications equipment for export.
2) Imports
About a third of Hungary's imports of electronics equipment and of
raw materials for its electronics industry are received from the USSR and the
other European Satellites. Radio receivers come chiefly from Bulgaria and instru-
ments are imported from Czechoslovakia, the Soviet Union, and probably East Germany.
Czechoslovakia appears to contribute the largest share of these latter imports,
followed by East Germany.
h. Trade with non-Bloc Gauntries
'Hungary sells about 10 percent of its exportb. of electronipnequipment to
countries outside the Bloc and buys about two thirds of its imports of such equip-
ment from that area. Both exports to and imports from countries outside the Bloc
appear to be growing slowly.
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Hungarian exports to countries outside the Bloc in the period 1958-62 were
composed of components (about 50 percent), communications equipment (about 30
percent), consumer entertainment equipment (about 20 percent), and instruments
(negligible). Most of the exports of components consisted of radio receiver tubes,
sent to a large number of countries including Yugoslavia, the United Kingdom,
Austria, Sweden, Argentina, and the German Federal Republic. Communications
equipment was exported mainly to Yugoslavia, Turkey, Argentina and Cuba. These
countries also imported a few instruments to service their Hungarian communications
equipment. Beginning in 1962, Cuba was to receive $10 million worth of communica-
tions equipment, spread over a period of several years. Deliveries are being
made at a rate of
2 to
3 million per year. In the period 1958-62, Yugoslavia
was Hungary's primary non-Bloc customer for consumer entertainment equipment, but
Morocco and the Netherlands also received shipments regularly.
Imports of electronic equipment from outside the Bloc are chiefly components
and instruments, each accounting for about 4.0 percent of these imports. The
remainder of Hungarian imports from this quarter have consisted of small purchases
of consumer entertainment equipment and communications gear. Hungary's major
sources for electronic equipment are West Germany, the United Kingdom, Switzerland,
France and Austria.
4. East Germany
Exports of electronic equipment by East Germany, which are second largest in
the Bloc, amounted in 1964 to about 25 percent of the production of the domestic
electronic industry according to an official East German announcement. In 1965
these exports may have reached 388 million, more than four times the level achieved
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in 1958 (see Table 11).
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An approximate breakdown by major categories of the exports of all electronics
from East Germany in 1963 gives communications equipment 24 percent of the total
(compared with 14 percent in 1958), instruments 37 percent (compared with 43 per-
cent in 1958), components 17 percent (compared with 14 percent in 1958), and
consumer entertainment equipment 22 percent (compared with 29 percent in 1958)
(see Table 11). No significant changes in the distribution occurred in 1964, but
if the unusually large exports of television receivers (about $15 million) planned
for 1965 were realized, the percentage share of consumer entertainment equipment
will have been enlarged.
East German imports of electronic equipment were less than 50 percent of
exports in the period 1958-62. Consumer entertainment equipment, mainly television
receivers, accounted for the largest portion of these imports (about 4o percent),
and imports of components and instruments represented respectively about 22 and
25 percent of the total. Communications equipment comprised the remainder.
Total East German imports of all types of electronic equipment declined in
1962. The decrease in imports of consumer entertainment equipment, which has
continued, appears to be the result of achieving a better correlation between
domestic supply and demand for television receivers. Domestic production of com-
munications equipment is generally adequate for domestic needs, and imports of such
equipment probably are used primarily to satisfy requirements for special varieties.
Imports of components from some countries dropped in 1962. Overall, however,
these imports increased slightly in 1962, and more increases probably occurred in
subsequent years, partly because domestic needs were growing faster than domestic
production (particularly for transistors and diodes), and partly in response to
agreements with Czechoslovakia, Poland, and Hungary on trade and specialization of
production-of radio receiver tubes.
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a. Intrabloc Trade
In 1962, East Germany sent an estimated 82 percent of its exports of
electronic goods to the other European Satellites and the USSR (compared with 81
percent in 1958), and received at least 75 percent of its imports from them
(compared with 43 percent in 1958). By the end of 1965 it is estimated that the
share of other countries of the Bloc in East Germany's total exports of electronic
equipment may have tisen to about 87 percent, and the share of East Germany's
imports supplied by these countries was 85 percent or more. Table 12 shows esti-
mates of East Germanys trade in electronic equipment by area of origin and
destination.
1) Exports
In the period 1958-62, about 40 percent of all East German exports
of electronic equipment to the USSR and the European. Satellites consisted of
instruments, about 28 percent consisted of consumer entertainment equipment, about
13 percent were components, and about 19 percent communications equipment. The
chief recipients of these exports were the Soviet Union and CzechoSlovakia, each
receiving about 4o percent of the total. Instruments comprised the Majority of
the exports to the Soviet Union, but components were also included, and exports of
the latter increased greatly in 1963-65. Czechoslovakia received mainly communi-
cations equipment (probably the bulk of this East German export), and less signi-
ficant quantities of instruments. In addition large quantities of components have
been exported to Czechoslovakia and Poland based on agreements for the specializa-
tion of production beginning in 1962. Consumer entertainment equipment exported
by East Germany has consisted chiefly of radio receivers, but there have been a
few significantly large shipments of television receivers (to Poland). Large
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exports of television receivers were planned for 1965, however, and may supplant
radio receivers as the major part of the exports of consumer entertainment equip-
ment.
0) Imports
Television receivers represented about 60 percent of East Germany's
imports of electronic equipment from the USSR and the European Satellites in the
period 1958-62. The remaining 40 percent was divided among communications equip-
ment (about 11 percent), instruments (about 13 percent), and components (about
15 percent). After 1962 the share of components probably increased, but the share
of consumer entertainment equipment probably dropped sharply.
Czechoslovakia was a major supplier of electronic equipment to
East Germany in the period 1958-62; and probably retains that status. Consumer
entertainment equipment, principally television receivers, comprised the largest
part of East Germany's imports of electronic equipment from Czechoslovakia in that
period, followed in importance by communications equipment and instruments. After
1962, imports of components became relatively more important and imports of tele-
vision receivers relatively less so. Hungary was also an important supplier of
television receivers in the period 1958-62, but these imports probably have dropped
also since then- Poland joined Czechoslovakia as a significant supplier of elec-
tronic components to East Germany in 1962 and this relationship probably continued
through 1965.
b. Trade with non-Bloc Countries
In the period 1958-62, East Germany sold nearly 20 percent of its
global exports of electronics to non-Bloc countries and obtained almost 40 percent
of its imports of electronics from them,
By 1964, exports of electronic goods to non-Bloc countries had declined
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to 15 percent of the total, and are estimated to have declined to about 12 percent
in 1965. East Germany's exports to non-Bloc countries consist mainly of instruments
(about 65 percent), but consumer entertainment equipment, communications gear, and
components are all represented. The principal recipient countries are Yugoslavia,
West Germany, Egypt, and Austria; in that order.
Virtually all of East Germany's imports of electronic goods from non
Bloc countries are obtained in Western Europe and Japan. Western Germany, the
UK, and Austria are the major Western European sources. In the period 195b-62,
imports from outside the Bloc consisted of electronic instruments (about 42 percent
of the total), components (about 37 percent), communications equipment (about
15 percent), and consumer entertainment equipment (about 6 percent). The share
of non-Bloc countries in the supply of electronics to East Germany declined from
57 percent in 195h to about 20 percent in 1962, principally as a result of a W:larP
absolute decline in imports from outside the Bloc in 1962. But it also stemmed
in part from a long term upward trend in East German imports of electronics from
within the Bloc. Although the evidence is insufficient for positive evaluation,
the tempo of importing of components, particularly semiconductors, from nen-Bloc
countries appears to have quickened since 1962, and may have compensated to some
extent for the decline in imports of other kinds of electronics from thL,t
5. Czechoslovakia
Czechoslovakia occupies third place in the Soviet Bloc as an exporter of
electronic goods. Exports, which have grown rapidly since 1958 when they amounted
-to
15 million, probably amounted to IT(O'liallion in 1965, equal to more than 4.5
times their value in 1958 (see Table 13). In 195h, 10 percent of the total
domestic output of electronic equipment was exported, and it is estimated that
26 percent of a larger output was exported in 1965. Exports of communications
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equipment in particular, which amounted to only 03 million in 1950, probably grew
to about *34 million in 1965 and may have represented about half of all exports of
Czechoslovak electronics. Exports of components have grown significantly,
especially since 1962, while exports of consumer entertainment equipment have been
declining. Exports of instruments grew moderately during the entire period 1958-65!
Imports of electronic goods by Czechoslovakia resemble exports of such equip-
ment closely in volume and character. In 1965, imports probably amounted to
50
to $60 million, 3 to 4 times the level of 0.5 million reached in 1958. By 1962,
the last year for which complete data is available, the volume of imports of COM-c7"
munications equipment had surpassed all other electronic imports, growing more
than 3 times since 1960. Next tame imports of consumer entettainment equipment
and instruments, both of which had shown moderate-to-slow growth, and lastly com-
ponents, which expanded 2.5 times since 1961 and appeared to be launched into a
period of major growth.
The share of the non-Bloc countries in Czechoslovakia's trade in electronic
goods declined steadily compared with the share of the Bloc in the period 1958-64
and probably declined further in 1965.
a. Intrabloc Trade
In the period 1950-65, the exports of electronic equipment from Czecho-
slovakia to the other European Satellites and the USSR increased nearly 6 times,
expanding tne percentage Share of the Bloc from 73 percent of the total in 1958
to about 93 percent in 1965. Similarly, the percentage share of imports of elec-
tronic goods from the USSR and the other European Satellites grew from about 87
percent of total imports of electronic goods in 1950 to about 93 percent in 1962.
The estimated geographic distribution of Czechoslovak trade is presented in
Table 14.
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1) Exports
During the period 1950-00, the Soviet Union received about 40 percent
of the electronics exported by Czechoslovakia to the Bloc. Poland and East Germany
each received about 20 percent and Bulgaria, Rumania and Hungary shared the re-
maining 20 percent. Instruments comprised more than half of the exports to the
Soviet Union in this period, components just a few percent, and the remainder
consisted of communications equipment. About 40 percent of Czechoslovakia's
exports to East Germany and Poland were composed of consumer entertainment equip-
ment, 40 percent were instruments, and about 15 percent were communications
equipment. Although the exports of electronic equipment to the other European
Satellites are generally unreported, there are indications that they probably
were composed principally of instruments, components and communications equipment
in that order.
The Soviet Share of Czechoslovakia's exports of electronics to the
Soviet Bloc amounted to about 50 percent in the period 1961-04. In this period
about 60 percent of Soviet imports of Czechoslovak electronics consisted of com-
munications gear and about 30 percent consisted of instruments, compared with about
38 percent for communications gear and about 0 percent for instruments in the
period 1958-60. Poland's share of Czechoslovakia's exports to the Soviet Bloc
also increased in the period 1961-64, compared with 1958-60, but the shares of
East Germany, Hungary, Rumania and Bulgaria declined.
The unusually rapid growth in exports of Czechoslovak electronic
equipment between 1960 and 1962 occurred largely as a result of increased Soviet
purchases of communications equipment. In 1962, exports of Czechoslovak communi-
cations equipment to the Soviet Union grew to more than 5 times those of 1960 and
represented nearly 70 percent of the total exports of communications equipment
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to all markets. Czechoslovakia increased exports of communications equipment to
Poland at a similar rate. Expansion of exports of components also began in 1962
and developed quickly because of unusually large Soviet orders as well as bilateral
barter agreements with Poland and East Germany. Another large expansion of Czecho-
slovak exports based on increased shipments of consumer entertainment equipment
may have occurred in 1965, but evidence of this expansion is incomplete.
2)
Imports
In the period 1958-60,
Czechoslovakia's imports of electronics
from the USSR and the other European Satellites were distributed approximately
in the following manner. Television receivers from the USSR and Hungary comprised
more than 4o percent of the total; instruments, mainly from the USSR and East
Germany, comprised nearly 30 percent; communications equipment, also mainly from
the USSR and East Germany, comprised about 20 percent. Components, a small
residual, were imported in very small amounts from the USSR, Hungary, and East
Germany.
After 1960, the percentage distribution by categories of imports
of electronics from the USSR and the European Satellites changed markedly. By
1962 imports of communications equipment had tripled compared with 1960 and, for
the period 1961-64, probably comprised ho percent of the total, largely because
of increased deliveries from the USSR, Hungary, and East Germany. Imports of
instruments probably declined to about 25 percent, but moderate growth was
expected in the share comprising components. During this period the Soviet
Union probably supplied more than half of Czechoslovakia's electronic imports
from the Soviet Bloc, East Germany about 30 percent and Poland and Hungary
probably about 10 percent each.
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b. Trade with non-Bloc Countries
The share of non-Bloc countries in Czecnoslovakia's exports of electronic
goods declined steadily from about 27 percent in 1958 to only about 7 percent in
1965. Over the period 1958-62 the share of non-Bloc countries in Czechoslovakia's
imports of electronic goods declined from about 13 percent to about 7 percent.
the Bloc
Fifty percent of Czechoslovakia's exports of electronic
in the period 1958-62 consisted of instruments, about 25
sisted of communications equipment
and about 12.5 percent each of
goods outside
percent con-
components and
consumer entertainment equipment. The principal recipients were Yugoslavia,
Greece, Drazil, Egypt, Turkey, and Argentina.
Nearly 70 percent of Czechoslovakia's imports of electronic goods from
outside the Bloc in the period 1958-62 consisted of instruments, 15 percent of
components, about 10 percent communications equipment, and about 5 percent con-
sumer entertainment equipment. The primary sources of the imports were West
Germany, Switzerland, France and the UK.
6. Poland
a. Exports
Estimated Polish exports of electronic equipment, which grew slowly
during the period 1950-60, averaging about 33 million annually, jumped to $d
million in 1951. A second large increase occurred in 1962 when exports of elec-
tronic equipment grew by about 50 percent, but thereafter, such exports appear
to have grown more moderately (about 10-20 percent per year) In 1965, they
probably exceeded
20 million.
In the period 1961-04., about 4o percent of Polish exports of electronic
equipment consisted of consumer entertainment gear, principally radio receivers.
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Communications equipment accounted for about 25 percent of the exports in this
period and components accounted for nearly 20 percent. Instruments were the least
important, representing about 15 percent of the total.
Probably 90 percent or more of Polish exports of electronic equipment in
the period 1961-64 were sent to the European Satellites. Czechoslovakia appears
to have received over half of these exports, and Rumania received about a third.
The remainder was distributed among East Germany, Bulgaria, and Hungary. The
chief recipients of Poland's minor exports of electronic equipment outside the Bloc
are Yugoslavia, Egypt, and Brazil. Other customers include Greece, Turkey, Iraq,
and Morocco.
b. Imports
Estimated Polish imports of electronic equipment in 1965 were two to
three times as large as exports. Imports probably ranged from $15 to '20 million
annually in the period 1958-60 and from
30 to
50 million annually in the period
1961-64. In the latter period communications equipment and instruments each
accounted for about a third of total imports, consumer entertainment equipment
accounted for about 20 percent, and components accounted for the remainder.
During the period 1961-641 about 60 percent of Polish imports of elec-
tronic equipment were received from other countries in the Soviet Bloc. Czecho-
slovakia supplied about 4o percent of these imports. East Germany contributed
about 30 percent, and the Soviet Union and Hungary supplied about 20 percent and
10 percent respectively. Imports from the USSR and the European Satellites in-
cluded toe whole range of electronic equipment, compensating for the limited volume
and variety of Polish production. The principal suppliers among non-Bloc countries
were West Germany, the United Kingdom, France, and Switzerland, and they shipped
mainly instruments and communications equipment.
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T. Bulgaria
a. Exports
Bulgaria has exported small quantities of telephone equipment since at
least 1955 and radio receivers since 1961. These two items probably constitute the
bulk of Bulgaria's limited exports of electronic equipment, which ranged in value
from about 01 to
6 million per year over the period 1958-64. The major portion
of the telephone apparatus was exported to Czechoslovakia, and the radio receivers
to Hungary.
b. Imports
Bulgaria imports all the major categories of electronic equipment. In
the period 1958-60 imports of this equipment probably ranged from 05 to 310
million annually; thereafter imports probably ranged from
15 to $25 million
annually. Consumer entertainment equipment and instruments each accounted for
about a third of electronic imports, and the remaining third was divided nearly
equally between components and communications gear.
West Germany, Austria, and Denmark were Bulgaria's chief non-Bloc sources
of electronic goods and supplied 10-15 percent of Bulgaria's imports of such
equipment in the period 1958-64. The major portion of Bulgaria's imports of elec-
tronic equipment, however, come from the other countries in the Soviet Bloc,
chiefly the Soviet Union, Czechoslovakia and East Germany. Most of the Soviet
goods were television receivers, radio receivers and instruments. East Germany
and Czechoslovakia supplied instruments, communications equipment and components.
8. Rumania
a. Exports
In the period 1958-64 Rumanian exports were negligible, consisting of
very small amounts of instruments, radio receivers, and telephone gear.
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Recently, however, exports of semiconductors have been reported and they may become
more important in the future because of significant French assistance to the
Rumanian semiconductor industry.
b. Imports
Rumania's imports of electronic equipment which probably amounted to
about 7 million in 1958 and about S17 million in 19E:21 were expected to reach
about S25 million in 1965. Television receivers, principally from the Soviet
Union, represented about 35 percent of these imports after 19b0? communications
equipment accounted for about 25 percent of the total, and the remainder was
divided nearly equally between instruments and components.
Probably 20 to 30 percent of Rumania's imports of electronic equipment
came from outside the Bloc and were supplied principally by Belgium, France,
West Germany, Japan, and Switzerland. Imports of electronics from non-Bloc
countries consisted mainly of instruments (about half of the total imports of
these) and communications equipment (about a fourth of the total imports of this
item).
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APPENDIX A
DEFINITIONS
Communications euipmnt. - includes all electronic signalling apparatus sun
as broadband microwave carrier equipment (cable and radio relay types), point-to-
point radio transmitters and receivers, broadcast transmitters, equipment for
telephone and telegraph exchanges, and radar for civil purposes. Wire and cable
per se are not considered electronic equipment and are excluded from this study.
Instruments - includes electronic instruments for industry and medicine as
defined within commodity classification numbers 170 and 172 of the official Soviet
trade handbook, plus computers and test equipment.
Components - includes electron tubes, semiconductors, resistors, ferrites,
capacitors and the like.
Consumer entertainment equipment - includes radio and television receivers,
phonographs and consumer-type tape recorders.
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APPENDIX B
METHODOLOGY
S01100A000200120001-5
1. General
The methods employed in the analysis of Soviet Bloc foreign trade in elec-
tronics were dictated, of course, by the nature of the available data. It was not
possible to develop a complete trade pattern for the Bloc and to show, in matrix
form, the amounts imported by each recipient country from each exporting country.
The most intensive analysis of the data resulted in an estimate by year of the
total amounts of electronic equipment (by major category) exported or imported by
each Bloc country. The determination of the direction of trade was restricted to
the division of trade into that moving in intra-Bloc trade and that exchanged with
non-Bloc countries. Further specificity with respect to country of origin of
imports or of destination of exports was seldom possible.
2. The Data and Its Treatment
Trade handbooks, when available, gave useful statistics, but seldom complete
statistics. The division of total trade into commodity categories typically is
accomplished in trade handbooks in a manner unfavorable to the subsequent summing
of all exports or imports of a particular industry, viz., electronics. For
example, the Soviet trade handbooks itemize exports of entertainment equipment and
instruments, but exports of components and communications equipment are not listed
(although known to have occurred). Moreover, the reporting on instruments is
imperfect for the purpose of this report because it contains both electronic and
non-electronic instruments.*
* See Instruments, page 26.
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Not every Bloc country publishes a statistical handbook on foreign trade, and
these handbooks do not appear until the expiration of a year or more after the last
year for which data are quoted. Advantage, where possible, was taken of the bi-
laterality of trade, in order to determine the imports and exports of non-reporting
countries from a study of the exports and imports of all the reporting countries
that trade with them.
Additional pieces were added to the picture from published official state-
ments of the trade plans and achievements for the electronics industries of the
several Bloc countries. These statements sometimes gave export figures as shares
of total domestic output, making the accuracy of the export estimate dependent on
the accuracy of a production estimate.
Although the best estimates are those based on openly published statistics,
intelligence reports provided fragmentary but useful data in some instances.
This
fragmentary information served principally to weight the interpolations and extra-
polations that had to be made for those years for which data from published sources
was incomplete.
3. Exchange Rates
All values in this study are expressed in US dollars. Where Bloc trade data
has been taken from official statistical handbooks, its value has been converted
to US dollars by the application of the appropriate official exchange rate ,
(crown/dollar, zloty/dollar, etc.). The procedure is valid because the statis-
tical compilations of Bloc countries present data on trade with non-Bloc countries
in values that reflect the actual prices paid converted to domestic currency at
the official exchange rate. Moreover, prices set artificially in intra-Bloc trade
more or less reflect World market prices converted at official rates. Where Bloc
trade estimates have been based on production data and reflect domestic prices,
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exchange rates have been employed that represent the ratio of domestic prices and
dollar prices for similar items of electronic equipment.
4. Estimating Trade in Instruments
Unique difficulties attend the estimation of trade in electronic instruments,
which in statistical handbooks typically are included in a general category
embracing instruments of all types. It was possible to determine that about one-
third of the total exports of instruments from Hungary consisted of electronic
instruments. Approximately the same proportions were found in the exports of
instruments of the US. Hence, when statistical compilations on trade in instru-
ments make no distinction between types of instruments, it has been assumed that
one-third of them were electronic.
5. ILE,Efs of Confidence in Estimates
Estimates of the value of trade in electronics equipment of the USSR, Hungary,
East Germany, and Czechoslovakia presented in Table 2 are believed to be accurate
within a range of confidence of + 10 percent for exports and + 20 percent for
imports. The estimated values of Polish exports are believed accurate within a
range of + 10 percent and -20 percent, and those of Bulgarian exports + 30 percent.
Estimated values for imports of Poland, Bulgaria, and Rumania are believed
accurate within a range of + 30 percent.
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APPENDIX C
STATISTICAL TABLES
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Table 1
Soviet Bloc: Estimated Trade in Electronic Equipment,
by Area of Origin and Destination
1958-65
Ex-ports
Imports
1958
1959,1960
1961i19621963
1964
196
19
1959
1960j9614962
1963
1964.
1965
Million US $
Million US
Total W
2/1
105
121
150 201
244
268
325
99
119
143
176 218
262
286
350
Bloc
77
91
102
128 179
219
241
295
77
91
102
128 179
219
241
295
Non-Bloc
16
13
19
21 23
25
27
30
21
27
41
48 40
43
45
55
Percent
Percent
Annual rate of
growth of total
11.7
15.2
24.0 34.0
21.4
9.8
21.3
20.2
20.2
23.1 23.9
20.2
9.222.4
9-1.000Z1.00Z000V001.
a. Because of rounding, components may not add to the totals shown.
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Table 2
Soviet Bloc: Estimated Total Trade in Electronic Equipment, By Country
1958-65.
Million US $
-0
CD
0
pp
CD
ET
CD
-a
CD
1:1
.4
CAD
OD
a
_&
_&
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
Total Li
USSR
Bulgaria
Coechoslovakia
East Germany
Hungary
Poland
Rumania
Unallocated
Exports
Imports
1958
1959
1960
1961
1962
201
1963
1964
1965
1958
99
30
5
15
7
4
15
7
lb
1959
1960
1961
1962
1963 1964 1965
94
221
1
15
21
33
2
reg
105
121
150
244
268
325
119
143
176
218
262 286 350
22
1
20
24
"25
3
Meg
25
1
21
29
14
Meg
27
P
35
35
1435070851014
8
Meg
42
4
48
45
12
Meg
42
5
54
60
74
Meg
31
6
61
67
17
Neff
34
7
70
88
21
Meg
35
7
18
13
9
17
lo
70
44
lo
22
19
9
20
12
7
57
15
26
21
8
30
15
14
79
17
41
16
8
35
17
5
95 115 140
N.A. N.A. N.A.
N.A. N.A. N.A.
N.A. N.A. N.A.
lo 10
N.A. N.A. N.A.
N.A. N.A. N.A.
N.A. N.A. N.A.
a. Because of rounding, components may not add'to'tnetOtals shoun.
-29-
Table 3
COmperitonotEkport8 of Non-Military Electronics and Production of All Electronics,
CD
a.
0
cr?
CD
cr?
Selected Soviet Bloc Countries, 1958 and 1965
1958
1965
Million US
Exports in
Percent of
Million US ,
Exports in
Percent of
?.?
C.0
Country
Production
Exports
Production
Production
Exports
Production
ITEM
CD
C.0
c.0
USSR
3,500
21
0.6
13,200
34
0.3
Hungary
53
33
62.3
262
lo4
39.7
civ1-1";)
East Germany
83
21
25.3
272
88
32.4
Czechoslovakia
150
15
1100
268
70
26.1
Poland
68
2
2.9
231
21
9911
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Table 4
Soviet Bloc: Estimated Total Trade in-Electronic Equipment, Ey Cgtegory, 1958-65
Million US
Exports
Imports
1958
1959
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1958
1959
1960
1961
1962 1963 1964 1965
Total W
Communication
9
-31o5-7-12LHI5a
MIL-2442-268:.-325
9
-119,,
-262-86- 2-5.2
Equipment
21
26
29
41
65
88
105
128
2--;
28
30
46
65 LA. N.A. N.A.
Instruments
33
35
4o
48
59
67
80
94
34
43
54
60
75 LA. N.A. N.A.
Components
13
14
16
17
21
32
37
40
15
17
19
24
23 N.A. N.A. N.A.
Consumer Enter-
taitment-
Equipment
27
30
36
44
56
57
46
63
27
30
39
46
55 N.A. N.A. N.A.
a. Because of rounding, components may not add to the totals shown.
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Table 5
Soviet Bloc: Estimated Trade in Electronic Equipment with Non-Bloc Countries by Bloc Country
1958-65
Million US
Total pj
USSR
Exports
Tmports
1958
1959
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1958
1959
1960 1961
1962
1963 1964 1965
16
1
13
1
19
1
21
4
23
3
25
3
27
3
30
4
21
7
27
6
41
14
48
17
40
16
43 45 55
13 13 13
Bulgaria
N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
1
1
1
1
1
N.A. N.A. N.A.
Czechoslovakia
4
3
3
4
5
5
5
5
2
3
3
3
3
N.A. N.A. N.A.
East Germany
5
4
6
7
8
9
10
11
4
6
8
8
3
N.A. N.A. N.A.
Hungary
3
3
5
6
7
7
8
9
3
6
6
5
5
6 6 6
Poland
1
N.A.
1
1
1
1
1
1
4
5
8
8
8
N.A. N.A. N.A.
Rumania
N.A.
N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
N.A.
1
1
5
5
N.A. N.A. N.A.
a. Because of rounding, components may not add to the totals shown.
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/6661. eSeeleN .10d peAwddv
9- 1.000Z 1.00Z000V00 1. 1.0S
Table 6
Soviet Bloc: Estimated Trade in Electronic Equipment with Non-Bloc Countries, by Category
1958-65
Million US $
Exports
Tmports
1958
1959
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1958
1959
1960
1961
1962
1963 1964 1965
Totalia.
16
13
21
23
25
27
30
21
27
41
48
40
43 45 55
Communication
Equipment
2
1
4
7
7
7
7
8
4
4
5
12
7
N.A. N.A.
Instruments
9
6
8
8
9
9
10
11
11
14
21
21
25
N.A. N.A. N.A.
Components
2
4
3
3
3
4
4
5
4
7
7
10
5
N.A. N.A.
Consumer Enter-
tainment
Equipment
3
2
4
3
4
5
5
6
2
3
7
5
3
N.A. N.A. N.A.
a. Because of rounding, components may not add to the totals shown.
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/6661. eSeeleN .10d peAwddv
9- 1.000Z 1.00Z000V00 1. 1.0S6
9- 1.000Z 1.00Z000V00 1. 1.0
Table 7
USSR: Estimated Trade in Electronic Equipment, by Category
1958-65
Million US
Exports
Imports
1958
1959
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1958
1959
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
Total.E/
21
22
25
27
42
42
31
34
30
_3.2.
44
57
79
95
115
140
Communications
Equipment
2
3
4
6
8
10
10
10
12
12
12
23
32
43
52
64
Instruments
7
7
7
8
10
9
11
12
14
18
23
28
38
40
47
55
Components
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
4
4
4
5
8
11
15
21
Consumer Enter-
tainment
Equipment
10
10
12
10
21
21
8
10
1
1
5
21111
a. Because of rounding, components may not add to the totals shown.
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9- 1.000Z 1.00Z000V00 I 1.0S6L
9-1.000Z1.00Z000V001.1.0
Table 8
USSR: Estimated Trade in Electronic Equipment by Area of Origin and Destination
1958-65
Million US
Exports
Imports
1958 1959 1960 1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1958
1959
1960
1961
1962
1963 1964 1965
TotaLW
21 22 25
27
42
42
31
34
30
35
44
57
79
95 115 140
Bloc
2112/ 2112/ 2422/
23
39
39
28
30
24
28
30
41
63
82 102 127
Non-Bloc
1 1 1
4
3
3
3
4
7
6
14
17
16
13 13 13
a. Because of rounding, components may not add to the totals shown.
b. Because of inadequate data, exports tD the Asian Communist countries, principally Communist
China, cannot be separated from the value of exports to the Eastern European Communist countries;
however, this is of concern only during 1958-60 when Soviet exports of electronic goods to Far
Eastern Communist countries probably approached 37 million per year. After 1960, these exports
became insignificant.
-35-
661. eseeieN iod peAcuddv
9-1.000Z1.00Z000V001.1.0S6
Approved For Release 1999/09
9-1.000Z1.00Z000V001.1.0
Table 9
Hungary: Estimated Exports of Electronic Equipment, by Category
1958-65
Million US
1958
1959
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
Total
33
35
39
43
50
70
85
104
Communications
Equipment
12
14
13
11
18
33
44
57
Instruments
8
8
11
13
18
23
29
Components
7
7
8
8
8
9
8
8
Consumer Enter-
tainment
Equipment
8
lo
13
12
11
11
11
a. Because of rounding, components may not add to the totals shown.
-36-
/6661. aseeieN .10d peA0.1ddV
61. eSeeleN .10d peAcuddv
9-1.000Z1.00Z000V001.1.0
Table 10
Hungary: Estimated Trade in Electronic Equipment, by Area of Origin and Destination
1958-65
Million US
Exports
Imports
1958 1959 1960 1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1958
1959
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
Tota1.21
33
35
39
43
50
70
85
104
4
_
9
9
8
8
9
10
10
Bloc
31L/
32.12/
34L/
38
43
62
77
95
1
3
3
3
3
3
4
4
Non-Bloc
3
3
5
?6
7
7
8
9
3
6
6
5
5
6
6
6
a. Because of rounding, components may not add to the totals shown.
b. May include up to $10 million worth of eqqipment exported to the Far Eastern Communist countries.
-37-
6661. eseeieN iod peAcucldv
9-1.000Z1.00Z000V001.1.0S6
61. eseeieN .10d peAwddv
Table 11
East Germany: Estimated Trade in Electronics Equipment, by Category
1958-65
Million US
Exports
Imports
1958
1959
196C
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1958
1959
1960
1961
1962 1963 1964 1965
Total
21
24
.?_2
35
45
60
67
88
2.
13
12
21
16 N.A. N.A. N.A.
Communications
Equipment
3
4
5
a
o
9
14
15
16
1
1
3
2
3 N.A. N.A. N.A.
Instruments
9
11
12
15
20
22
26
31
2
4
5
4
4 N.A. N.A. N.A.
Components
3
3
4
3
5
10
12
13
3
3
3
4
4 N.A. N.A. N.A.
Consumer Enter-
tainment
Equipment
6
6
8
11
12
13
14
28
1
5
8
11
5 N.A. N.A. N.A.
a. Because of rounding, components may not add to the totals shown.
-38-
9- 1.000Z 1.00Z000V00 1. 1.0S6LdCI
I. eSeeleN .10d peAwddv
Table 12
East Germany: Estimated Trade in Electronic Equipment, by Area of Origin and Destination
1958-65
Million US
Exports
Imports
1958
1959
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1958
1959
1960
1961
1962 1963 1964 1965
Total a/
21
24
29
35
45
60
67
88
7
13
19
21
16 N.A. N.A. N.A.
Bloc
17
20
24
28
37
51
57
77
3
7
11
13
12 N.A. NA. N.A.
Non-Bloc
5
4
6
7
8
9
10
11
4
6
8
8
3 N.A. N.A. N.A.
a. Because of rounding, components may not add to the totals shown.
9-1.000Z1.00Z000V001.1.os6Ldai-nigggs661. eseeieN .10d peA0iddV
Table 13
Czechoslovakia: Estimated Trade in Electronic Eauipment, by Category
1958-65
Million US $
Im arts
Ex orts
1958
1959
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1958
1959
1960
1961
1962 1968 1964 1965
Total Li
1.2
20
21
3,2
48
..52_1
61
70
15
18
22
26
41 N.A. N.A.
Communications
Equipment
3
4
5
14
24
25
29
34
2
3
5
:11
-17 N.A. N.A. N.A.
I Instruments
9
10
12
13
14
16
18
19
6
6
7
8
8 N.A. N.A. N.A.
Components
1
2
2
2
4
8
11
13
1
1
1
F
5 5 6 7
Consumer Enter-
tainment
Equipment
2
4
3
6
5
4
4
4
6
7
8
6
11
a; Because of rounding, components may not add to the totals shown.
-40-
eSeeleN .10d peAwddv
9- 1.000Z 1.00Z000V00 I 1.0S6LdCI
Table 14
Czechoslovakia: Estimated Trad,,, in Electronic Equipment, by Area of Origin and Destination
1958-65
Nillion US$
Exports
Imports
1958
1959
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1958
1959
1960
1961
1962 1963 1964 1965
Total 2/
15
20
21
35
48
-54
61
70
15
18
22
26
41 N.A. N.A. N.A.
Bloc
11
17
18
31
43
48
55
65
13
15
19
23
38 N.A. N.A. N.A.
Non-Bloc
4
3
3
4
5
5
5
5
2
3
3
3
3 N.A. N.A. N.A.
a. Because of rounding, components may not add to the totals shown.
61. eseeieN .10d peAwddv
9- 1.000Z 1.00Z000V00 I 1.0S6LdCI