INTRA-BLOC TRADE OF THE EUROPEAN SATELLITES 1961

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• Document Creation Date: November 9, 2016
• Document Release Date: July 6, 1999
• Sequence Number: 1
• Publication Date: February 1, 1963
• Content Type: REPORT

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!`l1T~T TIL~i~TTT A T
Economic Research Aid
INTRA-BLOC TRADE OF THE EUROPEAN SATELLITES
1961
CIA/RR A.ERA 63-2
February 1963
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
Office of Research and Reports
rr(1T~T'G%TTII~~ ? r
GROUP 1
Excluded from automatic
downgrading and
declassification
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Economic Research Aid
INTRA-BLOC TRADE OF THE EUROPEAN SATELLITES
1961
CIA/RR A.ERA 63-2
WARNING
This material contains information affecting
the National Defense of the United States
within the meaning of the espionage laws,
Title 18, USC, Secs. 793 and 794, the trans-
mission or revelation of which in any manner
to an unauthorized person is prohibited by law.
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
Office of Research and Reports
CONFIDENTIAL
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This compilation of statistical information on foreign trade is designed as a
guide to the trade of the individual European Satellites with one another, with
the USSR, and with Communist China and the other members of the Asian Bloc. Short
analytical summaries highlighting recent trends and the most important charac-
teristics of this trade, by country, have been included as well as a series of
summary tables for the Sino-Soviet Bloc as a whole. Some data on trade with non-
Bloc countries also have been included.
The data in this research aid have been compiled from official yearbooks and
monthly statistical bulletins published in the various European Satellites and in
the USSR. The most frequently used sources of statistical data on the foreign
trade of the Soviet Bloc are listed in detail in the Appendix. The commodity
tables included herein (Tables 5 through 9) are of special interest, as they rep-
resent a consolidation of official data that are customarily available only in
fragmentary form.
The USSR and most of the European Satellites report both import and export
data on an f.o.b. basis. The exception is Hungary, which reports imports c.i.f.
and exports f.o.b. Hungarian border. In all cases, reexports are included in the
trade statistics. Because of differences in handling of trade data as well as
delays in reporting, statistics as reported by an exporting country are not
identical with those reported by the importing country. For example, exports to
Hungary in 1961, as reported by East Germany, were equal to $99 million; however,
Hungary reported that its imports from East Germany in 1961 amounted to $io mil-
lion. (National currencies are converted into current US dollars by official
commercial exchange rates of the respective countries.)
Footnotes are used for exceptions to data in the tables and should be noted
carefully. The abbreviation N.A. (not available) is used when information as to
the existence of the data or the magnitude of the data is not available. Within
each table, data for the individual countries have been rounded to permit maximum
use of available information. Because of rounding, components may not add to the
totals shown. Figures in parentheses are for 1960. Trade data for Yugoslavia,
wherever presented, have been included with data for the non-Bloc countries.
In the absence of uniform statistical reporting within the Soviet Bloc, the
USSR Commodity Code numbers have been included in Tables 5 through 8 to provide a
definition of the commodities included in the various categories. Steps are being
taken currently under the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance'(CEMA) to improve
and standardize statistical reporting in the Bloc.
The over-all classification of this research aid is CONFIDENTIAL. The analyt-
ical summaries contained in the text are CONFIDENTIAL, but the data appearing in
the statistical tables are UNCLASSIFIED unless otherwise indicated.
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Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Albania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Bulgaria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Czechoslovakia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
East Germany . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Hungary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Poland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Rumania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .' . . . . .
Appendix
Sources for Statistical Data on the Foreign Trade of the Soviet Bloc . . . 81
Summary Tables
1. Sino-Soviet Bloc: Total Trade, by Country, 1955, 1960-61, and 1965
Plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
2. Sino-Soviet Bloc: Balance of Trade and Share of Bloc Trade in the
Total Trade, by Country, 1961 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
3. Sino-Soviet Bloc: Summary of Exports to Countries of the Sino-Soviet
Bloc, 1961 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
ii. European Satellites: Trade with the USSR, 1961 . . . . . . . . . . . 8
5. Soviet Bloc: Exports of Selected Machinery and Equipment to, Countries
of the Soviet Bloc and Communist China, 1961 . . . . . . . . . . . 9
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6. Soviet Bloc: Production and Intra-Bloc Trade in Selected Raw
Materials and Industrial Commodities, 1961 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
7. Communist China: Exports of Selected Commodities to the Soviet Bloc,
by Country, 1961 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
8. Communist China: Imports of Selected commodities from the Soviet
Bloc, by Country, 1961 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
9. Soviet Bloc: Total Imports of Selected Raw Materials and Industrial
Commodities, by Country, 1.961 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
10. Soviet Bloc: Foreign Exchange Rates as of 1 November 1962 . . . . . . 32
Tables for Individual Countries
11. Albania: Foreign Trade, 1950 and 1955-61 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
12. Albania: Trade with Countries of the Sino-Soviet Bloc, 1950, 1955,
and 196o-61 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
13. Albania: Commodity Composition of Foreign Trade, 1950, 1955, and
1959 .......................... 37
14. Bulgaria: Foreign Trade, 1948 and 1955-61 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
15. Bulgaria: Trade with Countries of the Sino-Soviet Bloc, 1948, 1955,
and 1960-61 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
16. Bulgaria: Commodity Composition of Foreign Trade, 1948, 1955, and
196C' ................................ 43
17. Czechoslovakia: Foreign Trade, 1948 and 1955-61 . . . . . . . . . . . 49
18. Czechoslovakia: Trade with, Countries of the Sino-Soviet Bloc, 1948,
1955, and 1960-61 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
19. Czechoslovakia: Commodity Composition of Foreign Trade, 1948, 1955,
and 196o-61 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
20. East Germany: Foreign Trade, 1948 and 1955-61 . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
21. East Germany: Trade with. Countries of the Sino-Soviet Bloc, 1948,
1955, and 1960-61 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
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22. East Germany: Commodity Composition of Foreign Trade, 1950, 1955,
1958, and 1960 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
23. Hungary: Foreign Trade, 1949 and 1955-61 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
24. Hungary: Trade with Countries of the Sino-Soviet Bloc, 1949, 1955,
and 196o-61 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
25. Hungary: Commodity Composition of Foreign Trade, 1949, 1955, and
1960-61 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
26. Poland: Foreign Trade, 1949 and 1955-61 . . . . . . . . . ? . . . . . 71
27. Poland: Trade with Countries of the Sino-Soviet Bloc, 1949" 1955,
and 196o-61 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
28. Poland: Commodity Composition of Foreign Trade, 1949, 1955, and
196o-61 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... . . . . . 73
29. Rumania: Foreign Trade, 1950, 1955, and 1958-61 . . . . . . . . . . 77
30. Rumania: Trade with Countries of the Sino-Soviet Bloc, 1950, 1955, 8
and 1960-61 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
31. Rumania: Commodity Composition of Foreign Trade, 1950, 1956,
and 1960 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
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INTRA-BLOC TRADE OF THE EUROPEAN SATELLITES*
19 61
Introduction
The increasing interdependence of the countries of the Soviet Bloc** and the
implied greater efficiency with which over-all Bloc resources are being exploited
are regarded as evidence of the growing maturity and potential capability of the
Communist countries to compete in the world market. The growth and character of
intra-Bloc trade are a significant barometer of Bloc progress toward developing
economic unity and a higher level of industrial output that is more competitive
with Western performance.
Intra - Soviet Bloc trade increased from about $4,800 million*** in 1955 to a
level estimated at $8,990 million in 1961, a rise of 87 percent. Over the same
period, intra-Satellite trade grew from about $1,330 million to about $2,420 mil-
lion, an increase of 82 percent. These figures illustrate the very rapid growth
of all intra - Soviet Bloc trade as well as the continuing significance of trade
with the USSR for each Satellite.
The European Satellites play an important supporting role in their contribution
to the total economic capability of the Soviet Bloc. Imports from the Satellite
countries fill a number of priority needs and supply a substantial share of the
total Soviet requirements for plan goals in certain sectors. Satellite industry
has been the principal supplier of Soviet imports of capital goods, and in 1960
deliveries valued in excess of $1,200 million provided more than 70 percent of
Soviet imports in this category. In view of current Soviet difficulties in gener-
ating additional exports to countries of the Free World to pay for increased imports
of industrial equipment from the West, the contribution of Satellite output is of
special importance in meeting the goals of the Soviet Seven Year, Plan (1959-65).
Soviet raw materials are essential to maintaining a high level of industrial
production in the Satellite countries, and Soviet exports of machinery and equip-
ment have played an increasingly large part in the recent development of Satellite
industry. Shipments of ferrous and nonferrous ores, metals, andlsemimanufactures
and of petroleum and petroleum products to Eastern Europe by the' USSR have increased
rapidly with the growing demands of Satellite industrial expansion. The USSR is
* The estimates and conclusions in this research aid represent the best judgment
of this Office as of 15 January 1963-
** The term Soviet Bloc as used in this research aid refers to the USSR and the
European Satellites.
Dollar values in this research aid are given in terms of current US dollars.
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committed to supply significantly increased quantities of machinery and equipment
by 1965, particularly for the extractive and metallurgical industries. ,Total
Soviet exports of machinery and equipment to the Satellites, which are generally
keyed to major industrial development projects, reportedly are scheduled to increase
from 1+60 million in 1961 to nearly 1,400 million in 1965.
The USSR and the European Satellites are jointly evolving a pattern of produc-
tion and intra-Bloc trade that strives for greater efficiency in the utilization of
area-wide resources. Joint participation in projects for exploitation and develop-
ment of raw material resources, linking of power facilities, and construction of
the "Friendship" pipeline to facilitate the distribution and processing of crude
petroleum are manifestations of the gradual integration process that is',taking
place in the Bloc. To an increasing extent the continued development of the Satel-
lite countries is tied to the growth and development of the entire Soviet Bloc as
determined in its broader outlines by the policy objectives of the USSR. Satellite
economic plans, generally scheduled to run concurrently during 1961-65, have been
geared extensively into the Soviet Seven Year Plan. The long-term economic plans
include provisions to assure that the most important mutual import requirements
during the plan period will be met.
The concept that each Satellite country should concentrate on supplying special-
ized products to its Bloc trading partners rather than developing a wide assortment
of competitive lines has now been accepted in principle by the members of the
Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (CEMA). Therefore, some of the trading
patterns of the past 15 years that have emerged as the result of a combination of
the natural endowment of raw material resources and the drive toward self-
sufficiency by individual Bloc countries will be gradually broken down.' Many of
the plans for specialization are in the initial stage, but there is evidence that
export product lines in some cases are being streamlined in accordance with CEMA
recommendations. Considerable specialization is already apparent in the intra-Bloc
flow of products from the industrial consumer goods industries, and increased spe-
cialization is planned in the agricultural sector. A larger degree of interdepend-
ence among Satellite economies implies a more rapid rate of growth of inter-Satellite
trade than has prevailed in the past.
Although the industrial sector provides the major contribution in terms of goods
exchanged in intra-Bloc foreign trade, a major problem facing the Satellites from
the current point of view, which also has a direct bearing on foreign trade, is the
persistent stagnation of agriculture since the forced collectivization program.
The winter's food supply in Eastern Europe in 1962/63 is expected to be even worse
than in 1961/62, requiring additional imports of essential foods. Rationing of
certain foods by price, consumer lists, or coupons was introduced during the first
half of 1962 in East Germany, Rumania, and Bulgaria. Other Satellites may introduce
similar measures before the next harvest in order to distribute limited; food supplies
more equitably.
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The European Satellite area will remain a large importer of grain in 1962/63.
The grain harvest completed in October 1962, the smallest in 5 years, is estimated
at 7 percent below the average of 1956-60. Unsatisfactory grain harvests in the
rest of the Bloc and limited Satellite holdings of foreign exchange for purchases
from the West will make it difficult to fulfill grain requirements, and imports
from all sources are unlikely to be sufficient to satisfy demands for both food
and livestock feed in most Satellites.
The intra-Bloc trade agreements negotiated between the Bloc countries are a
key factor in the over-all economic development planned through 1965. All of these
agreements are now on a long-term basis (with the exception of Albania's) and thus
set up a program for an exchange of goods designed to guarantee the major share of
import requirements of the Bloc countries and provide export markets for the out-
put of key industries. The analysis of foreign trade flows thus provides an indi-
cation of the success of the Bloc in meeting its internal requirements and achieving
a unity of purpose within the Bloc.
Tables 1 through 9* are summary tables. The foreign exchange rates for the coun-
tries of the Soviet Bloc are given in Table 10.** Data on the trade of the individual
Satellite countries are presented in Tables 11 through 31 and accompanying charts,
which are included with the discussion of these countries in the text.
Pp. 5 through 31, below.
P. 32, below.
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UNCLASSIFIED SUMMARY
Sino-Soviet Bloc: Total Trade, by Country
1955, 1960-61, and 1965 Plan
1965
Percent Increase
1955
1960 1961
Plan
1965 Above 1960
6,487.2
11,190.6
11,83o.4
16,500 a/
47
European Satellites
Albania
55.8
127.8 /
143.1 J
210
64
Bulgaria
486.5
1,204.7
1,328.5
2,170
80
Czechoslovakia
2,228.8
3,745.3
4,070.2
5,500
47
East Germany
2,450.9
4,384.3
4,507.6
5,970
36
Hungary
1,155.2
1,849.7
2,054.5
2,700
46
Poland
1,851.5
2,820.5
3,190.3
4,000
42
Rumania
884.1
1,365.2
1,607.5
2,050
50
Communist China
3,065 a/
3,925 J
2,875 J
N.A.
N.A.
Mongolia
N.A.
194.3
213.3
N.A.
N.A.
North Korea
105
290 J
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
North Vietnam
8o.4
208
223.8
N.A.
N.A.
a. Estimated.
b. Preliminary data.
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SUMMARY UNCLASSIFIED
Sino-.Soviet Bloc: Balance of Trade and Share of Bloc Trade
in the Total Trade, by Country
1961
Million Current US $
Total Trade
Trade with the Sino-Soviet Bloc
Bloc Trade
Country
Exports
I21orts Balance
Exports
Imports
Balance
as a Percent
of Total Trade
USSR
5,998.2
5,832.3
+165.9
3,998.2
3,780.3
+21i'.9
65.7
European Satellites
Albania a./
58.2
84.9
-26.7
54.2
76.9
-22.7
91.6
Bulgaria J
662.6
666.0
-3.4
553.9 c/
556.1 c/
-2.2
83.6 c/
Czechoslovakia
2,046.4
2,023.8
+22.6
1,395.3
1,349.4
+45.9
67.4
East Germany
2,275.2
2,232.4
+42.8
1,663.7
1,667.4
-3.7
73.9
Hungary
1,028.9
1,025.5
+3.4
714.1
691.2
+22.9
68.4
Poland
1,503.6
1,686.7
-183.1
890.3
990.7
-100.4
58.9
Rumania
792.6
814.8
-22.2
536.0
535.3
+0.7
66.6
Asian Bloc
Communist China a
1,460
1,420
+40
820
550
+270
47.7
Mongolia
76.6
136.8
-60.2
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N. A.
North Korea
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
(150) J
(140) a/
(+1.0)
96 a/
North Vietnam
79.9
143.9
-64.o
N. A.
N.A.
N.A.
86 /
NOTE: Figures in parentheses Tare for 19960.
a. Estimated.
b. Preliminary data.
c. Including data for Yugoslavia.
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UNCLASSIFIED
Table 3
Sino-Soviet Bloc: Summary of Exports to Countries of the Sino-Soviet Bloc a/
1961
Total Exports
East Communist North North to Bloc
Exporting Country USSR Albania Bulgaria Czechoslovakia Germany Hungary Poland Rumania China Mongolia Korea Vietnam Countries
USSR 20 356 653 1,209 359 531 292 367 92 77 41 3,998
Albania 22* 1 11* 6* N.A. 4* Negl. 6 / N.A. N.A. N.A. 54 1
Bulgaria 337 J 2 66 c 76 J 13* 21* 14* 5 / N.A. N.A. N.A. 554 J
Czechoslovakia 713 11 57 220 104 164 77 34 4 6 4 1,395
East Germany 911 4 84 229 99 208 59 55 3 4 8 1,664
Hungary J 332 N.A. 13 138 110 60 29 29 N.A. N.A. N.A. 714
Poland 485 4 22 147 110 55 33 27 3 1 4 890
Rumania 351 1 9 57 53 25 25 9 1 1 4 536
Communist China 551* 33* , 5* 1 42* 40* 17* 21* 20* N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Mongolia 58* N.A. N.A. 6* 4* N.A. 2* 1* N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
North Korea 79* N.A. N.A. 5* 3* N.A. 3* 3* N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
North Vietnam 26* N.A. N.A. 3* 4* N.A. 2* 3* N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
a. Data are as reported by the exporting country unless otherwise indicated.
b. Estimated.
c. Preliminary data.
d. Preliminary data, including data for Yugoslavia.
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SUMMARY UNCLASSIFIED
Table 4
European Satellites: Trade with the USSR
1961
Million Current US $
Trade with the USSR as a
Percent of Total Trade
Country
Exports
Imports
Balance
Exports
Imports
Albania
21.8
1
20.3 /
+1.5
37.5 /
23.9
Bulgaria W
336.6
355.6
-19.0
50.8
53.4
Czechoslovakia
713.4
656.0
+57.4
34.9
32.4
East Germany
911.3
1,069.9
-158.6
40.1
47.9
Hungary W
332.3
357.9
-25.6
32.3
34.9
Poland
485.0
489.8
-4.8
32.3
29.0
Rumania
351.3
298.9
+52.4
44.3
36.7
a. As reported by the USSR.
b. Estimated.
c. Preliminary data.
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Soviet Bloc: Exports of Selected Machinery and Equipment
to Countries of the Soviet Bloc and Communist China
1961
Total
Soviet Bloc Destination
USSR
Exports
Commodity
to All
East
Communist
Code No.
Commodity and Exporting Country
Destinations
USSR
Albania
Bulgaria
Czechoslovakia
Germany
Hungary
Fbland
Rumania
China
USSR
24,529
19
1,088
2,701
2,206
418
1,936
5,978
2,296
Bulgaria J
(1,618)
(692)*
121*
Czechoslovakia
N.A.
27,574*
(41)
(1,187)* b
(5,449)
(7,657)
4,973*
(4,327)
East Germany
N.A.
46,383*
(983)* J
(11,341)*
6,695*
Hungary
N.A.
8,292*
(32)* b
(l,473)*
220*
Poland
14,380
2,646
157
2,019
474
325
2,111
774
Rumania
N.A.
(520)*
46*
USSR
39,642
489
5,471
1,567
1,588
2,984
3,603
3,564
8,629
Bulgaria
(15,734)
14,241*
(2,776)*
68*
Czechoslovakia
(54,754)
40,206*
(333)
(1,036)
(2,369)
(2,941)
10,288*
(779)
East Germany
N.A.
35,982*
(4,492)*
3,675*
Hungary
N.A.
1,522*
(884)*
2,359*
Poland
24,950
5,431
510
3,953
1,195
749
5,244
4,472
Rumania
3,534
4,482*
(l,612)*
858*
120-129
Metallurgical equipment c/
USSR
43,388
1,139
4,oi4
4,651
4,529
2,993
3,963
5,630
750
Czechoslovakia
(6,863)
23,314*
1,109*
East Germany
N.A.
29,076*
1,485*
Poland
5,987
848
27
276
2,372
130
346
438
23
Rumania
37,291 J
24,523*
1,234*
NOTE: Footnotes for Table 5 follow on p. 13.
Symbols used in Table 5 have the following meanings: data in parentheses ( ) are for 1960, and an asterisk (*) indicates data as reported by the importing
country.
Trade data for Communist China are from official Soviet Bloc statistics.
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 Approved For Release 1999/09/27 : CIA-RDP79SO1046A000900060001-6
UNCLASSIFIED
Table 5
Soviet Bloc; Exports of-Selected Machinery and Equipment
to Countries of the Soviet Bloc and Communist China
1961
(Continued)
Total
USSR
Exports
Commodity
to All
East
Communist
Code No.
Commodity and Exporting Country
Destinations
USSR
Albania
Bulgaria
Czechoslovakia
Germany
Hungary
Poland
Rumania
China
Hoisting and conveying equipment el
USSR
11,921
2
1,184
1,428
1,151
186
1,018
919
1,457
Bulgaria
(7,794)
5,923*
(2,795)*
14*
Czechoslovakia
N.A.
4,099*
526)
(1
(1
947)
East Germany
N.A.
20,691*
*
(2
,
5,052*
,
Hungary
N.A.
12,995*
(753)
Poland
7,719
USSR
1,498
Negl.
80
81
Czechoslovakia
(7,883)
22,451*
(203)
(411)
1,212*
(2,605)
East Germany
N.A.
25,192*
3,502*
Hungary
N.A.
29,287*
Equipment for light industry
USSR
10,741
222
424
3,016
1,076
862
Czechoslovakia
N.A.
16,683*
(1,360)
(1,883) (1,539)
3,622*
(1,36o)
East Germany
N.A.
18,481*
(4,)-
9,605*
Poland
4,410
2,545
44
553
6 206
70
Chemical equipment
USSR
70
432
716
542
Czechoslovakia
(7,160)
29,059*
422*
East Germany
N.A.
17,918*
2,514*
Hungary
N.A.
5,684*
443*
Poland
1,248
589
14
372
40
Rumania
6,685
5,921*
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 Approved For Release 1999/09/27 : CIA-RDP79SO1046A000900060001-6
Table 5
(Continued)
Total
USSR
Commodity
Exports
to All
East
Communist
N
Destinations
USSR
Albania
Bulgaria Czechoslovakia Germany
Hungary
Poland
Rumania
China
Code
o.
USSR
2
031
83
143
Czechoslovakia
,
(689)
2,236*
(169)
45*
East Germany
N. A.
42,193-
(1,691)*
1,390*
Hungary
N. A.
(514)*
106*
Poland
3,059
1,483*
510
Rumania
7,451
201*
(1,21o)*
USSR
34,976
43
2,399
Czechoslovakia
(16,138) h
2,846*
(2,171)
(1,483)
(1,285)
2,403*
East Germany
N.A.
2,604*
(2,191)*
12,520-
Poland
6,259
1,302
2,509
130
132
Rumania
N.A.
(1,17o)*
USSR
9,033
59
1,403
418
1,340
1,646
1,158
Czechoslovakia
A.
N
5,123*
(58)
(308)
1,824*
(198)
East Germany
.
A
N
3,636*
1,514*
Poland 1
.
.
999
508
78
66
8
31
Rumania
N.A.
572*
Equipment for complete plants
USSR
355,754
3,289
47,846
2,528
8,168
12,807
14,315
22,318
78,908
Bulgaria
(4,264)
Czechoslovakia
(190,988)
(70,509) J
(1,550)
(1,664)
(2,876)
(409)
6*
(5,362)
East Germany
Hungary
Poland
N.A.
N.A.
61,489
25,175
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 Approved For Release 1999/09/27 : CIA-RDP79SO1046A000900060001-6
UNCLASSIFIED
Table 5
Soviet Bloc: Exports of Selected Machinery and Equipment
to Countries of the Soviet Bloc and Communist China
1961
(Continued)
USSR
Total
Commodity
Code No. Commodity and Exporting Country
Exports
+n All
Destinations
USSR
Albania
Bulgaria
Czechosl
ki
G
ova
a
ermany
Hungary
Poland
Rumania
China
17
(170-177) laboratory and medical
equipment,
bearin s, instruments,
tools abrasives)
USSR
and grinding
48,512
539
7,521
5,524
2,763
839
3
821
7
6
301
Czechoslovakia
(38,463)
15,797*
(268)
(3,302)
(3,531)
,
(1
874)
,
6
885*
,
(2
148)
East Germany
N.A.
31,130*
(9,829)*
,
,
10
947*
,
Hungary
N.A.
16,598*
(896)*
,
1 378*
Poland
R
15,286
3,360
48
1,653
1,705
2,233
791
,
431
270
umania
N.A.
USSR
127,769
2,048
23,884
35,829
7,831
18
699
742
9
2
939
1
811
Bulgaria
(7,353)
7,248*
NOV*
,
,
7*
,
,
Czechoslovakia
N.A.
1,166*
(187)
(1,390)
(5,704)
(9
259)
12
563-
East Germany
Hun
ar
N.A.
6,190*
(1) J
(9,916)*
,
,
3,48o*
g
y
N.A.
(14,387)*
730*
2
Poland
11,155
36
,
Rumania
15,436
USSR
6,574
1
269
Bulgaria
rT A
,
(3 oi8
Czechoslovakia
(54,849) J
43,44o*
(2,191)
,
(4
899)
628)
(3
252*
1
East Germany
N.A.
89,801*
(8,678)*
,
,
,
7
Hungary
N.A.
23,608*
(219)*
5
274*
Poland
Rumania
63,892
AT A
52,054
46
2,144
I- --- -
587
4,672
,
50
1, 080
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 Approved For Release 1999/09/27 : CIA-RDP79SO1046A000900060001-6
UNCLASSIFIED
Table 5
(Continued)
Total
Soviet Bloc Destination
USSR
Exports
Commodity
to All
East
Communist
Code No.
Commodity and Exporting Country
Destinations
USSR
Albania
Bulgaria
Czechoslovakia
Germany
Hungary
Poland
Rumania
China
USSR
18,740
23
1,429
8,737
466
2,633
1,289
424
Bulgaria
N.A.
8,811*
Czechoslovakia
(18,486)
21,225*
116*
East Germany
N.A.
64,269*
76*
Hungary
N.A.
20,905*
(260)*
Poland
44,490
19,325
1,638
10
35
20
74
364
Rumania
8,718
8,289*
Metalcutting equipment.
Lathes, milling machines, and grinding machines.
Machinery and equipment for mining, metallurgy, and the petroleum industry.
Equipment for the extractive petroleum industry and for petroleum refineries.
Including floating cranes and railroad cranes.
Equipment for various light industries, including industrial refrigeration equipment, tobacco-processing equipment, and textile equipment.
Probably included in Czechoslovak exports of complete plant equipment, reported separately.
Excavators.
Including pumps, compressors, blowing machines, exhausters, suction machines, and spare parts for pumps and compressors.
Probably including chemical equipment.
Tractors only.
Railroad transportation units.
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 Approved For Release 1999/09/27 : CIA-RDP79SO1046A000900060001-6
C-O-N-F-I-D-E-N-T-I-A-L
Table 6
Soviet Bloc: Production and Intra-Bloc Trade in Selected Raw Materials and Industrial Commodities
1961
USSR Total Exports Bloc Destination
Commodity Commodity and Major Bloc to All
Code No. EScporting Country Unit Total Output Destinations USSR Albania Bulgaria Czechoslovakia East Germany Hungary Poland Rumania
200 Hard coal a/
Total Soviet Bloc Thousand 518,500
metric
tons
201
Of which:
USSR
Poland
Czechoslovakia
High-temperature, hard-
377,019
106,600
26,200
15,117
17,053 4,506.7 J
2,447
505.0
1,786.0
1,369.9
5,453.0 J
1,558.0
(834)
434.0
707.2
541*
872.0 c/
149.0 d/
(290)
coal coke
Total Soviet Bloc
Thousand
metric
tons
84,100
USSR
58,600
3,016.0
105.0
92.0 J
732.1
543.0
239.0
Poland
12,567
2,138.6
6.0
25.7
1,491 h
245.1
109.8
Czechoslovakia
8,536
1,370
(187.4)*
(490)
230*
53*
(147)
East Germany
3,084
Total Soviet Bloc
Thousand
metric
t
s
180,500
Of which:
on
USSR
166,068
23,388.3
2,845.1
2,077.4
1,376.8
730.0
Rumania
11,582
200.Ot
Hungary
1,455
NOTE: Footnotes for Table low on p. 25.
Symbols used in Table 6 have the following meanings: data in parentheses ( ) are for 1960, a dagger (t) indicates that the data are classified, and an asterisk (*) indicates data as reported
by the importing country.
Production data are from official yearbooks and monthly statistical bulletins or are estimates accepted by this Office as of 1 November 1962, excluding countries of the Soviet Bloc in which
little or no production takes place or for which data are not available.
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 Approved For Release 1999/09/27 : CIA-RDP79SO1046A000900060001-6
C-O-N-F-I-D-E-N-T-I-A-L
Table 6
Soviet Bloc: Production and Intra-Bloc Trade in Selected Raw Materials and Industrial commodities
1961
(Continued)
USSR Total Exports Bloc Destination
Commodity Commodity and Major Bloc to All
Code No. Exporting Country Unit Total Output Destinations USSR Albania Bulgaria Czechoslovakia East Germany Hungary zi,t
-- end R?m
2i
Crude
(continued).....
Albania 800 115.0* J
Bulgaria 207 126.0 (0.5) (21.2) 19.5*
Poland 203
Total Soviet Bloc Thousand 6,500t
metric
tons
USSR
Hungary
Rumania
Coot
1,4oo 700.6
98 33.0
Thousand 128,100
metric
tons
USSR 117,600 16,283.0 40.0 5,078.0 2,046.0 1,725.0 5,993.0 1,068.0
Czechoslovakia 3,290
Poland 2,390 7.8 1.1 6.7
Rumania 1,737
East Germany 1,660
Tetnl Seviet. B10r Thousand 64,goo
metric
tons
US- 50,893 K% 1,8'4.0 99.1 90.9 556.4 35.8 3.0 Czechoslovakia 4,971 J (2.5)* 10.0* 9 8
Poland 4,437 f 6.5 2.1 0.1 0.9
East Germany 2,029 J (22)*
Hungary 1,306 V. (77.3.) 9.3*
Rumania 1, 099 1z
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 Approved For Release 1999/09/27 : CIA-RDP79SO1046A000900060001-6
Table 6
(Continued)
USSR
Total Exports
Bloc Destination
Commodity
Commodity and Major Bloc
to All
Code No.
Exporting Country
Unit
Total Output
Destinations
USSR
Albania
Bulgaria
Czechoslovakia
East Germany
Hungary
Poland
Rumania
264 and
Rolled steel
265
Total Soviet Bloc
Thousand
metric
tons
71,900
USSR
55,265
3,112.8
12.0
199.1
86.6 /
1,300.6
89.7
27.9 /
594.6
Czechoslovakia
5,426
829
73.8* J
(131)
216*
Poland
5,108
716
116
4.9
37
191.1
16.7
23.1
41
East Germany
2,684
7.7*
Hungary
1,690
360.0
1.5* m
(6.4)
(51.5)
23.2*
(23.2)
Rumania
Total Soviet Bloc
Thousand
metric
tons
1,520
N.A.
381.6
81.6*
0.8*
USSR
6,357
230.9
6.4
16.5
1.8
99.7
6.0
1.5
30.7
Czechoslovakia
N.A.
187
113.6*
6.7*
(14)
Poland
N.A.
65.8
40.8*
0.4
2.1
2.3
0.5
1.3
5.0
Rumania
N.A.
198.2
183.3*
0.5*
Hungary
N.A.
(32.9)
(1.8)
(4.4)
1.5*
(3.1)
East Germany
Total Soviet Bloc
Thousand
metric
tons
N.A.
N.A.
24.2*
USSR
6,175
896.0
Hungary
180
Rumanie
16o
74.8
Czechoslovakia
103
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 Approved For Release 199$/ 9F27~-bCJ~i F D1PT9LS01046A000900060001-6
Table 6
Soviet Bloc: Production and Intra-Bloc Trade in Selected Raw Materials and Industrial Commodities
1961
(Continued)
USSR Total Exports Bloc Destination
Commodity Commodity and Major Bloc to All
Code No. Exporting Country Unit Total Output Destinations USSR Albania Bulgaria Czechoslovakia East Germany Hungary Poland Rumania
Total Soviet Bloc Thousand N.A.
metric
tons
USSR 1,4151 438.0 48.0 12.0 64.o
Albania 315 56.2*
27000 Refined copper
Total Soviet Bloc Thousand 5611
metric
tons
USSR 465.3t 60.4
East Germany 39.Ot
Pbland 22.2
Bulgaria 14.4
Czechoslovakia 11.2
27004
Primary lead
Total Soviet Bloc
Thousand
metric
tons
452
USSR
326.5
102.3
17.6
27.2
8.0
2.5
Bulgaria
42.7
(o.9)*
5.0*
Poland
39.8
Czechoslovakia
15.8
Rumania
15.5
Total Soviet Bloc
Thousand
metric
tons
604
USSR
376.8
116.2
10.9
24.0
Poland n/
182.0
91
14
6
Bulgaria
22.1
Rumania
16.0
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 Approved For Release 1999/09/27 : CIA-RDP79SO1046A000900060001-6
C-O-N-F-I-D-E-N-T-I-A-L
Table 6
(Continued)
USSR Total Exports Bloc Destination
Commodity Commodity and Major Bloc to All
Code No. Exporting Country Unit Total Output Destinations USSR Albania Bulgaria Czechoslovakia East Germany Hungary Poland Rumania
Total Soviet Bloc Thousand 990
metric
tons
USSR 800.0 86.0 1.5 6.5 45.6 3.9 8.8
Czechoslovakia 56.0
Hungary 51.1 7.7 1.8*
Poland 47.6
East Germany 35.0
Total Soviet Bloc Thousand
metric
tons
USSR 4oot 38.0
East Germany 89.9 43.3 26.5*
Poland 31.0 9.8
351091 Rubber tires
Total Soviet Bloc Thousand 26, Coot
USSR
East Germany
Poland
Czechoslovakia
49.4* o/
6.9*
19,000 382.2 /
2,450t 117.6
1,926 52.3 0/
- 19 -
(1.1)* 1.2* 6.0
(2.8)* 5.3*
1.1 2.5 0.2 3.5
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 Approved For Release 1999/09/27 : CIA-RDP79SO1046A000900060001-6
Soviet Bloc: Production and Intra-Bloc Trade in Selected Raw Materials and Industrial Commodities
1961
(Continued)
USSR Total Exports Bloc Destination
Commodity Commodity and Ms.jor Bloc to All
-ode No. Expo ir.g Co,--.try TUMI" Total, Output __ _ __ _ -- - ?lgar Czechoslovakia East Germany
Total Soviet Bloc Thousand N.A.
metric
tons
30101
USSR
East Germany
Poland
Czechoslovakia
Soda ash (sodium car-
2,192
589.7
3101
N.A.
218.1
33.6
41.5
28.8
(7)*
29.2
bonate, calcined soda)
Total Soviet Bloc
Thousand
metric
tons
3,440
USSR
1,879 /
64.1
18.8
East Germany
599
147.6
(65)*
Poland
526
202.1
98.8
22.1
2.0
Rumania
235
135.9
79.6*
Bulgaria
123
(63.5)
18.5*
(7.9)
(21.0)
Czechoslovakia
74t
30100
Caustic soda (sodium
hydroxide)
Total Soviet Bloc
Thousand
metric
1,620
tons
USSR
830
27.1
East Germany
335
25.4
Poland
178
17.8
2.3
0.3
Rumania
129
74.2
35.9*
Czechoslovakia
134
(14.5)
Hungary
19
63.1*
Bulgaria
18
(7.8)
5.4*
(0.3)
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 Approved For Release 1999/09/27 : CIA-RDP79SO1046A000900060001-6
Table 6
(Continued)
USSR
Total Exports
Commodity
Code NO.
Commodity and Major Bloc
Exporting Country
Unit
Total Output
to All
Destinations USSR
3110
Mineral fertilizers r/
(34000,
340002,
Total Soviet Bloc
Thousand
18,700
34004);
metric
34100;
tons
and 342
(342oo,
USSR
15,300
3,558.7
34205)
East Germany
2,177
1,152.9 J (3b.3)* (231)* / (b7.3)* /
835.3* J
Poland
517
50.8
Czechoslovakia
312
(17.9)*
Bulgaria
144
(26.0)
Hungary
127
Rumania
86
Thousand
metric
tons
75,600
USSR
50,900
408.1
Poland
7,359
660.6
98.7
Czechoslovakia
5,343
(2.6)
Fast Germany
5,275
239.1
Rumania
3,308
1,109.1
583.0*
Bulgaria
1,749
(45.8)
89.o*
Hungary
1,601
(20.1)
USSR
35,000
Poland
13,500
4,169 /
2,999
120
50
1,000
Czechoslovakia
(5,150)
Rumania
6,o41
1,570
(76)*
East Germany
1,897
986
(10)*
Bulgaria
N.A.
(281)*
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 Approved For Release 1999/09/27 : CIA-RDP79SO1046A000900060001-6
C-O-N-F-I-D-E-N-T-I-A-L
Table 6
Production and Intra-Bloc Trade in Selected Raw Materials and Industrial Commodities
1961
(Continued)
USSR
Total Exports
Bloc Destination
Commodity
Commodity and Major Bloc
to All
Code No.
EXPOrting Country Unit
Total. Output
Destinations
USSR
Albania
Bulgaria
Czechoslovakia
East Germany
Hungary
Poland
Rumania
19101
Automobiles
Total Soviet Bloc
Of which:
USSR
148,900
32,800
3,279
3,873
4,849
1,702
2,275
1,134
East Germany
69,600
14,795
(178)*
(4,834)>
1,504*
Czechoslovakia
58,800
33,954
1,508*
(518)*
(4,198)
(886)
3,165*
19100;
Commercial vehicles bb
19102;
and
Total Soviet Bloc Units
480,500
19104-
19112
USSR
406,200
22,246
138 cc/
cc
28
13 dd
652 cc
69 cc/
Poland
Czechoslovakia
24,000
200
18
12,946 ee
6
910 ff
712*
1
311
(2
)
7,797 ee
2,201 E:
24 eel
East Germany
Rumania
,
11,900
14
858
,
3,964
,
99
cc/
(2, 822)* cc
gg
2,097*
851*
Hungary
,
5,300
4,367 /
1,033*
(411)
(548)
(1,055)
18000-
Tractors ii
18005
Total Soviet Bloc
Of which:
USSR
Czechoslovakia
263,600
16,100
j-3
888
155
2,326
(502)*
2,809
1,679
(1
002) jj
2,008
790)*
(2
948
4
0
0-
208
Rumania
20,,000
20,000
,
,
,
,
5
Fast Germany
12,400
2,995 jj
600 /
(735)*
50*
Poland
10,500
1,902
(12)
Hungary
2,500
1,403
26i-
100 and
Metalworking machine
101
tools
USSR
164,000
/
3,311
5 11
161
279 )/
278
30 )j
152
418 11
Czechoslovakia
24,790
11
''~
111,101 /
2,173* /
~/
(198)* J
(610)
(887)
421*
C-O-N-F-I-D-E-N-T-I-A-L
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 Approved For Release 1999/09/27 : CIA-RDP79SO1046A000900060001-6
Table 6
(Continued)
USSR
Commodit
Commodit
and M
jor Bl
Total Exports
y
Code No.
y
a
oc
Exoorting Country
Unit
Total Output
to All
Destinations
Metalworking machine
tools (continued)
East Germany
20,700 !1/
9,631
/
4,697*
(76)* J
(1,024)*
Poland
H
22,200 11
1,936
276* o2
19
274
50
169
ungary
7,300 11
3,409
11
1,561* 11
(7) PP/
(179) 4V
(47) gq/
29*
(255) rr
11100-
Electric motors
11105
USSR
3,324,000 Ls/
12,441
27
446
1
Czechoslovakia
(1,223,352) ss
31,000
4,194
,
(38)*
3,947
3
589*
188
Island
1,230,000
10,359
114
427
,
28
Bulgaria
301,000
(96,943)
92,800*
(165)
(31,916)
(13)
Rumania
East Germany
N.A.
306,100 ss
39,609
916
34
4,373*
,
20,331*
97014
Radio receivers
Total Soviet Bloc
Units
6,549,OOo
OP which:
USSR
4,229,000
27,700
1,000
(2,185)*
East Germany
800,000
187,536
350)*
(2
Poland
64o,ooo
30,306
2
250
,
Czechoslovakia
260,000
,
2,000
Hungary
245,E
84,892
(3
000)
Rumania
215,000
,
(850)
97016
Television receivers
USSR
000
949
1
78
500
East Germany
,
,
560
000
,
34,800
12,600
Czechoslovakia
,
000
334
9,863*
Poland
,
230,000
10,962
6,500*
Hungary
178,000
88,835
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 Approved For Release 1999/09/27 : CIA-RDP79SO1046A000900060001-6
C-O-N-F-I-D-E-N-T-I-A-L
Table 6
Soviet Bloc: Production and Intra-Bloc Trade in Selected Raw Materials and Industrial Commodities
1961
(Continued)
USSR
Total Exports
Bloc Destination
Commodity
Commodity and Major Bloc
to All
P
l
d
R
i
Code No.
Fxporting Country
Unit
Total Output
Destinations
USSR
Albania
Bulgaria
Czechoslovakia
East Germany
Hungary
o
an
uman
a
700
Grain uu/
T.. 1 gc7iet Bloc
Thousand
metric
t
1
159
000*
ons
,
USSR
115,000t
7,480.9
53.7
4.7
1,175.7
1,761.3
415.9 /
603.8.
Poland
14,8001
103.4
Rumania
9,320t
1,208.4
162.0-
(82)* J
Hungary
6,200t
147.1 yy
(30.9) zz
(12.0) EL a/
aea
Czechoslovakia
5) 600t
(80.4)
0
8-
East Germany
4,8001
2.5 bbb/
.
L-j
Bulgaria
3,550t
177.7 ccc
(8.6)
(16.2) am
84o00
Sugar eee/
Total Soviet Bloc Thousand
metric
tons
12,800 fff
USSR
8,424
413.7
Poland
1,639 f#P
661.0 g
117.0
Czechoslovakia
1,011 fff
662 hhh
119.3-
East Germany
650 fff
377.3
Rumania
422 ###
147.4
Hungary
420 #f#
(135.5) 999
(10.0)
Bulgaria
254 fff
800
at and meat
products iii
Total Soviet Bloc Thousand
metric
tons
N.A.
USSR
N.A.
66.0
10.8
40.2
5.9
8
3.1
Poland
N.A.
170.1
29.4
0.6
5.1
3.
East Germany
N.A.
(5)- jjj
0.9*
Czechoslovakia
N.A.
(11.0) jjj
Rumania
ar
.
Hun
N.A.
N.A.
21.8
4.6*
(7.6)
(4.9)
1.2*
y
g
Bulgaria
N.A.
22.4
9.6*
(1.8)
(4.8)
0.7*
- 24 -
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 Approved For Release 1999/09/27 : CIA-RDP79SO1046A000900060001-6
C-O-N-F-I-D-E-N-T-I-A-L
Table 6
(Continued)
USSR Total Exports
Commodity commodity and Major Bloc to All
Code No. Exporting Country Unit Total Output Destinations USSR Albania Bulgaria Czechoslovakia East Germany Hungary Poland Rumania
51000 Cotton (ginned)
Total Soviet Bloc Thousand 1,532
metric
tons
USSR 1,507 kkk/ 382.6
Bulgaria 17.
Albania 6.9
Rumania N. A.
Total Soviet Bloc Thousand 265 111
metric
tons
USSR 220.2 111 28.1
Rumania 14.1 111 1.0
Bulgaria 13.3 111
Poland 5.3 111
Hungary 5.0 11:East Germany 4.6 111
a. Anthracite and bituminous coal unless otherwise indicated.
b. Including Polish coal reexported by the USSR.
c. Including coal shipped on East German account.
d. Bituminous coal only.
e. Reexported to East Germany.
C. Specified under USSR Commodity Code No. 20100.
g. Excluding fblish coke shipped to East Germany on Soviet account.
h. Including Polish coke shipped on Soviet account.
i. Presumably reexported by the USSR.
J. Including nonbauxite aluminum-bearing ores.
k. Including blast furnace ferroalloys.
1. Trade data do not include pipes and tubes. Production data include finished pipes and
-tubes or the semifinished steel from which pipes andtubes are made.
in. Excluding products of further processing of rolled metal category 265 of the USSR Com-
modity Code).
n. Including rolled zinc.
o. Tire sets -- probably complete tire assemblies, including tubes.
p. Motor vehicle tire casings.
q. Production in terms of 100 percent Na2CO3.
r. Including nitrogen, phosphorous, and potash fertilizers unless otherwise indicated.
s. Superphosphate only.
t. Apatite concentrate and ammonium nitrate only.
u. Apatite concentrate and superphosphate only.
v. Apatite concentrate only.
w. Including nitrogen fertilizer and potash salts only.
x. Ptash and nitrogen fertilizers only.
-25-
C-O-N-F-I-D-E-N-T-I-A-L
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 Approved For Release 1999/09/27 : CIA-RDP79SO1046A000900060001-6
C-O-N-F-I-D-E-N-T-I-A-L
Table 6
Soviet Bloc: Production and Intra-Bloc Trade in Selected Raw Materials and Industrial Commodities
1961
(Continued)
y.
Potash salts only.
tt.
Electric motors of from 1 to 100 kw.
z.
Nitrogen fertilizer only.
uu.
Including barley, corn, oats, rice, rye, sorghum, wheal, and miscellaneous grains unless
aa.
Including hopper cars.
otherwise indicated.
bb.
Unless otherwise indicated, data refer to light and heavy trucks, tractors for road
w.
Wheat (386,200 tons) and barley (29,700 tons).
haulage, special vehicles, and buses.
ra.
Wheat only.
cc.
Trucks only.
xx.
Corn only.
dd.
Trailers for cars and trucks only.
yy.
Wheat and corn, including seed grain only.
ee.
Including trailers for motor cars and tractors.
zz.
Including seed grain; 23,515 tons of fodder wheat and 7,364 tons of corn only.
ff.
Trucks and buses only.
aaa.
Corn, together with seed corn only.
gg.
Buses only.
bbb.
Wheat (seed grain) only.
bb.
Trucks (including dumpers) and buses only.
ccc.
Wheat, corn, and rice only.
ii.
Including wheeled and caterpillar tractors unless otherwise indicated.
ddd.
Rice only.
jj.
Wheeled tractors only.
eee.
Refined sugar unless otherwise indicated.
kk.
Planned.
fff.
In terms of raw sugar. Refined sugar is equal to approximately 90 percent of raw sugar
U.
Metalcutting machine tools.
by weight.
mm.
Lathes, milling machines, and grinding machines.
ggg.
Raw and refined sugar.
nn.
Including 743 units estimated for 1961 on the basis of 1960 data.
hhh.
Exports in 1960 equaled 293,000 tons.
oo.
Including 135 hydraulic presses. Polish statistics do not show this export to the
iii.
Excluding trade in live animals for slaughter unless otherwise indicated.
USSR.
j jj.
Including slaughter animals.
pp.
Milling and drilling machines.
kkk.
Ginned cotton is assumed to equal one-third of state procurements of raw (seed)
qq.
lathes.
cotton.
rr.
Lathes and drilling machines.
111.
Production in terms of raw wool (grease basis) has been converted to washed wool
ss.
Figures for the USSR include only alternating current (AC) motors of more than 0.25
(60 percent of raw wool equals washed wool).
kilowatts (kw). Figures for East Germany include only AC motors of more than 1 kw.
The addition of direct current (DC) motors to the totals for these two countries
would raise substantially the unit production totals. In the case of Czechoslo-
vakia, more than half of the total in the table above represents DC motors and AC
motors of less than 0.25 kw.
- 26 -
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 Approved For Release 1999/09/27 : CIA-RDP79SO1046A000900060001-6
UNCLASSIFIED SUMMARY
Communist China: Exports of Selected Commodities
to the Soviet Bloc, by Country
1961
USSR
Commodity East
Code No. Commodity Unit USSR Albania Bulgaria Czechoslovakia Germany Hungary Poland Rumania
200 Hard coal Thousand 186.0
metric
tons
24000 Iron ore Thousand
metric
tons
26000 Pig iron Thousand 107.0
metric
tons
27004 Primary lead Thousand 8.1
metric
tons
351091 Rubber tires Thousand 41.1
units
25005 Sulfur Thousand 44.5
metric
tons
30100 Caustic soda Thousand 7.9
(sodium hydroxide) metric
tons
40000 Cement Thousand 595.0
metric
tons
700 Grain Thousand
metric
tons
800 Meat and meat Thousand 3.3
products e/ metric
tons
51000 Cotton (ginned) Thousand 11.3
metric
tons
511 Washed wool Thousand
metric
tons
(67) (1.0) J
(38)
(1) (7)
0.2 J
NOTE: Data in parentheses are for 19&0-.
Data are as reported by the importing country. All available data have been reported in this table. No infor-
mation is available from official Chinese Communist sources on trade with the Soviet Bloc. East Germany and
Rumania do not publish commodity-by-country statistics, and Albania and Bulgaria publish only limited data.
a. Anthracite and bituminous coal.
b. Tire sets -- probably complete tire assemblies, including tubes.
c. Including barley, corn, oats, rice, rye, sorghum, wheat, and miscellaneous grains.
d. Barley, with seed grains.
e. Excluding trade in live animals for slaughter.
UNCLASSIFIED
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 Approved For Release 1999/09/27 : CIA-RDP79SO1046A000900060001-6
SUMMARY UNCLASSIFIED
Communist China:
from the
USSR
Commodity
Code No. Commodity Unit USSR
26000 Pig iron Thousand
metric
tons
266 Steel pipes and tubing Thousand 31.5 (12) (4.1) 1.0
metric
tons
27007 Primary aluminum Thousand 1.5
metric
tons
35001 Synthetic rubber Thousand 0.1
metric
tons
340, Mineral fertilizer Thousand 0.8 J
34100, metric
and 342 tons
19100; Commercial vehicles d/ Units 932 e/ (350) (309) 2
19102;
and
19104-
19112
metric
tons
Imports of Selected Commodities
Soviet Bloc, by Country
1961
East
Albania Bulgaria Czechoslovakia Germany Rungary Poland Rumania
(14.3) c/ (4.2) c/
18000- Tractors Units 33 (1,776) / 500 / 492
18005
100 and Metalworking
101 machine tools
11100- Electric motors Units L,521
11105
-700 Grain Thousand 200.9
metric
tons
NOTE: Data in parentheses are for 19 0
Data are as reported by the exporting country. All available data have been reported in this table. No information is
available from official Chinese Connnuriist sources on trade with the Soviet Bloc. East Germany and Rumania do not pub-
lish commodity-1y-country statistics, and Albania and Bulgaria publish only limited data.
a. Trade data do not include pipes and tubes.
b. Superphosphate.
c. Nitrogen fertilizer,
d. Light and heavy trucks, tractors for road haulage,
special vehicles, and buses.
e. Including 710 trucks.
f. Trucks and buses only.
g. Including wheeled and caterpillar tractors.
h. Wheeled tractors only.
i. Flanned.
j. Lathes.
k. Wheat (100,800 tons) and rye (100,100 tons).
-28-
UNCLASSIFIED
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 Approved For Release 1999/09/27 : CIA-RDP79SO1046A000900060001-6
UNCLASSIFIED
Table 9
Soviet Bloc: Total Imports of Selected Raw Materials
and Industrial Commodities, by Country
1961
Commodity
Unit
USSR Albania
Bulgaria
Czechoslovakia
East
Germany
Hungary
Poland
Rumania
Hard coal a/
Thousand
4,700 b
3,355
7,936
928.5
441.1
Brown coal and
metric
tone
Thousand
(775) J
5,952-)
lignite
High-temperature,
metric
tons
Thousand
648.0
2,843
881
53
479.3
hard-coal coke
Crude petroleum
metric
tons
Thousand
887.6
(2,255)
2,270
1,412
739.6
Bauxite
metric
tons
Thousand
(7,211)
262.9
60.1
Iron ore
metric
tons
Thousand
7,970
1,096.1
2,034
7,669.5
1,266.7
Pig iron
metric
tons
Thousand
134.2
(116.8)
178
563.1
(42.4}
83.7
Rolled steel I/
metric
tons
Thousand
928.0
819
1,511.9
221.2
423.4
860.8
Steel pipes and
metric
tons
Thousand
63:L.0
i74.o
(13.6)
68.4
112.1
tubing
Manganese ore
metric
tons
Thousand
218
79.0
265.9
Chrome ore
metric
tons
Thousand
26.2
(25.7)
125
Refined copper
metric
tons
Thousand
82.2
18.9
32.9 f/
Primary lead
metric
tons
Thousand
39.5
11.2
15.0
Refined zinc
metric
tons
Thousand
70.4
(10.8) h
1.6
Primary aluminum
metric
tons
Thousand
4.2 J
(0.5) ,J
6.o
Synthetic rubber
metric
tons
Thousand
55.9
metric
tons
NOTE: Footnotes for Table 9 follow on p. 31.
Data in parentheses ( ) are for 1960.
For additional information on imports as reported by Bloc exporting countries, see Table 6,
Approved For Release 1999/09/27 : CIA-RDP79SO1046A000900060001-6
 Approved For Release 1999/09/27 : CIA-RDP79SO1046A000900060001-6
SUMMARY UNCLASSIFIED
Soviet Bloc: Total Imports of Selected Raw Materials
and Industrial Commodities, by Country
1961
(Continued)
Commodity
Unit
USSR Albania
Bulgaria
Czechoslovakia
East
Germany
Hungary
Poland
Rumania
Rubber tires
Thousand
32.7
(113.3)
108.8
301.8 J
Sulfur
units
Thousand
44.5
109
(30.8)
11.1
Soda ash
(calcined soda)
Caustic soda
Mineral
fertilizers
metric
tons
Thousand
metric
tons
Thousand
metric
tons
Thousand
metric
Thousand
1.7
(248)
(63.2)
101.1
Main-line
metric
tons
Units
2,277
(367)
(4,630) o/
405
freight cars
Automobiles
Units
1,523
(3,286)
10,889
9,377
7,870
7,146
1,308
Trucks, buses,
Units
2,682
(3,339)
1,736 J
(4,151) r/
3,339
111
and special
2 676
x
3,125
4,308
5,346
Metalworking
Units
12,559
(522) /
2,182 J
324 J
1,492
2,238 v/
machine tools
Electric motors
Units
130,190
(1,606)
96,000
64,121
1,535
Radio receivers
Units
(6,135)
1,746
23,200
Television
Units
(5,258)
(68,283)
91,716
70,932
28,100
receivers
1,371 /
metric
tons
Thousand
231.7
(27.8) cc
261.4 dd
Meat and
metric
tons
Thousand
59.7
107..5
(24.8) ee
9.8
meat products
metric
tons
Thousand
141.6
Washed wool
metric
tons
Thousand
55.3
23.0
2.6 ff
17.6
2.9
metric
tone
-30-
UNCLASSIFIED
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 Approved For Release 1999/09/27 : CIA-RDP79SO1046A000900060001-6
UNCLASSIFIED SUMMARY
Soviet Bloc: Total Imports of Selected Raw Materials
and Industrial Commodities, by Country
1961
(Continued)
a.
Anthracite and bituminous coal unless otherwise indicated.
q,.
Trucks and buses only.
b.
Bituminous coal.
r.
Trucks and chassis only.
c.
Coking coal.
B.
Buses only.
d.
Derived figure: the total coal imports in 1960 equaled
t.
Including wheeled and caterpillar tractors.
3,177,000 tons, and imports of black coal were 2,402,000
u.
Lathes, milling machines, and grinding machines.
tons.
v.
Metalcutting machine tools.
e.
Type of coke not specified.
w.
Center lathes, milling machines, and drilling
f.
Excluding pipes and tubes.
machines.
g.
Copper and copper wire.
x.
Including barley, corn, oats, rice, rye, sorghum,
h.
Including foundry and refined zinc.
wheat, and miscellaneous grains unless otherwise
i.
Rolled aluminum and duraluminun.
indicated.
j.
Foundry aluminum.
y.
Including consumer wheat, barley, and corn only.
k.
Tire sets -- probably complete tire assemblies, including
z.
Wheat, including seed grains only.
tubes.
aa.
Wheat, rye, barley, maize, and sorghum only.
1.
Including nitrogen, phosphorous, and potash fertilizers
bb.
Refined sugar unless otherwise indicated.
unless otherwise indicated.
cc.
Raw and refined sugar,
in.
Potash and nitrogen fertilizers only.
dd.
Raw sugar only.
n.
Phosphorous fertilizer only.
as.
Beef and pork only.
o.
Including tank cars and refrigerator cars.
ff.
Including raw wool.
p.
Light and heavy trucks, tractors for road haulage, special
vehicles, and buses unless otherwise indicated.
- 31 -
UNCLASSIFIED
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 Approved For Release 1999/09/27 : CIA-RDP79SO1046A000900060001-6
EXCHANGE RATES UNCLASSIFIED
Soviet :Bloc: Foreign Exchange Rates
as of 1 November 1962
In Terms of US $1
In Terms of 1 Ruble
Present
Gold
Non-
Commercial
Non-
Country
Currency
Content
(Grams)
Commercial
Rate
commercial
Rate
Rate b
(De Facto) J
commercial
Rate
USSR
Ruble
o.987'412
0.9
0.9
Albania
Lek
0.017773
50
150
55.56
100
Bulgaria
Lev
0.7595i8
1.17
1.17
1.3
0.89
Czecho-
Koruna
0.123.426
7.2
14.34
8.0
11.6
slovakia
East
Mark (DME)
0.395'902 c/
4.2
4.2
4.67 /
3.9
Germany
Hungary
Forint
0.075696
11.74
23.48
13.04
14.0
Poland
Zloty
0.222168
4
24
4.44
15.0
Rumania
Leu
0.148112
6
15
6.67
9.7
a. The gold content of US $l is 0.8886705 gram.
b. The gold content of 1 new ruble effective 1 January 1961 divided by the present
gold content of 1 unit of European Satellite currency gives the de-facto rate.
c. The gold content would be 0.211588 gram at an excnange rate of 4.2 Deutsche
Mark East (DME) to US $1.
d. The unofficialrate actually used-in East German accounting of foreign trade
transactions. Official rates still listed, but not used, are 2.22 DME to US $1
and 2.47 DME to 1 ruble.
-32-
UNCLASSIFIED
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 Approved For Release 1999/09/27 : CIA-RDP79SO1046A000900060001-6
C-O-N-F-I-D-E-N-T-I-A-L
DISTRIBUTION OF FOREIGN TRADE Foreign trade has long been an important
s
f
l
f
Alb
i
th
ll
t
ource o
supp
y
or
an
e sma
a,
es
1961 and most backward of the European Satellites.
Virtually the entire supply of manufactured
industrial and consumer goods has, until
recently, come from abroad, and the Albanian
investment program still depends almost
solely on imported machinery and equipment.
Domestic production continues to be inade-
quate to generate sufficient exports to pay
for required imports. Albania's chronic
import surplus has been financed largely
through credits and grants extended by
Albania's patron country of the moment.
Immediately following World War II, Albania
shifted its economic dependence from Italy
TOTAL SINO-SOVIET BLOC: 91.69o (its conqueror and guardian of the 1930's)
Y
l
i
Aft
Y
'
l
t
o
ugos
av
a.
er
ugos
avia
s expulsion
TOTAL NON-BLOC: 8.4%
from the Cominform in 1948 the USSR became
Albania's chief benefactor, providing on
credit the capital goods and technical assist-
ance required for long-term Albanian economic development. Since the Twenty-Second
Congress of the Communist Party of the USSR and the sharpening of the Soviet-Albanian
dispute late in 1961, Albania again has acquired a new patron, this time turning to
Communist China.
The geographic pattern of Albanian trade is currently undergoing a drastic change.
Trade with Communist countries will continue to account for at least 90 percent of
the total Albanian trade, as it has for many years, but the Albanians anticipated that
the pattern of trade in 1960, wherein the USSR accounted for 53 percent of the total
trade and China 9 percent, would be completely reversed by the end of 1962, at which
time China would account for 59 percent of the total trade and the USSR would not be a
significant trading partner. Through this period, trade with the European Satellites
would consistently account for approximately one-third of the total trade.
Under the Communist regime, foreign trade has been an important tool in fashion-
ing a new economic structure in Albania. This situation is particularly reflected
in the commodity composition of Albanian imports, which shows that Albania's most
important imports are (1) machinery and equipment; (2) wheat; (3) steel, coke, and
cement; and (4) chemical fertilizers. Except for wheat and cement, imports provide
all or nearly all of the domestic supply of these products.
- 33 -
C-O-N-F-I-D-E-N-T-I-A-L
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 Approved For Release 1999/09/27 : CIA-RDP79SO1046A000900060001-6
C-O-N-F-I-D-E-N-T-I-A-L
Albania's major exports are chrome ore, iron-nickel ore, blister copper, petroleum
and petroleum products, and tobacco and tobacco products. The ore and copper exports
are important to Czechoslovakia, and it is significant that, in spite of Soviet-
Albanian quarrels, Albanian-Czechoslovak trade relations are planned to expand, and
Czechoslovakia remains an important lifeline for Albania through which spare parts
for equipment originally obtained in the USSR can flow.
It is to be expected that the future course of Albania's foreign economic rela-
tions will be largely dependent on the future course of the Sino-Soviet dispute.
There are indications that, as a result of the continuing economic isolation of
Albania from the USSR, Albania is attempting through expansion of trade with Western
Europe to acquire materials, equipment, and technology that Communist China is unable
or unwilling to supply. The combined shortages of commercial competence and market-
able exports, however, will sustain Albania's need for a Bloc or Western patron for
some time to come.
ALBANIA
COMMODITY COMPOSITION OF FOREIGN TRADE
100% 0 0 100%
IMPORTS
Machinery and
equipment HE
Fuels, raw materials, 28.0%
and supplies 131.3%
7.5
12.7%
Consumer goods 33.7%
(excluding foodstuffs) 9.3%
36909 1-63
F15.2%
n0.2%
3.2%
EXPORTS
1950
1959
- 34
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C-O-N-F-I-D-E-N-T-I-A-L
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 Approved For Release 1999/09/27 : CIA-RDP79SO1046A000900060001-6
UNCLASSIFIED ALBANIA
Albania: Foreign Trade
1950 and 1955-61
Million Current US
Trade with
the Sino-Soviet Bloc
Trade
with Non-Bloc Countries
Total Trade
Year
Exports
Imports
Total
Exports
Imports
Total
Exports
Imports
Total
1950
6.5
22.1
28.5
0
0
0
6.5
22.1
28.5
1955
12.6
41.5
54.1
0.4
1.3
1.7
13.0
42.8
55.8
1956
17.9
37.7
55.6
1.1
1.2
2.2
19.0
38.8
57.8
1957
27.8
50.4
78.2
1.2
3.0
4.2
29.0
53.3
82.3
1958
27.7
76.1
103.8
1.5
2.5
4.0
29.2
78.6
107.8
1959
33.0
81.7
114.7
1.1
3.6
4.6
34.0
85.3
119.3
1960 J
47.5
74.2
121.7
1.3
4.8
6.1
48.8
79.0
127.8
1961
54.2
76.9
131.1
4.0
8.0
12.0
58.2
84.9
143.1
a. Preliminary data.
b. Estimated.
- 35
-
UNCLASSIFIED
Approved For Release 1999/09/27 : CIA-RDP79SO1046A000900060001-6
 Approved For Release 1999/09/27 : CIA-RDP79SO1046A000900060001-6
ALBANIA UNCLASSIFIED
Albania: Trade with Countries of the Sino-Soviet Bloc
19,501, 1955, and 1960-61
Exports
Imports
Country
1950
1955
1960 J 1961 /
1950
1955
1960 J
1961
_
Million Current US $
4.1
5.4
24.2
21.8
8.2
15.7
43.6
20.3
Bulgaria
0.2
0.7
1.3
1.0
0.4
2.4
2.6
2.0
Czechoslovakia
0.6
2.2
6.9
10.7
3.7
6.2
7.9
10.7
East Germany
1.3
4.3
6.3
6.1
5.0
3.9
Hungary
0.7
1.7
2.6
N.A.
3.7
4.3
3.3
N.A.
PolancL
0.5
1.2
3.1
4.0
3.7
2.9
3.3
3.7
Rumania
0.4
Negi.
0.7
0.4
2.4
2.6
2.0
1.3
4.4
6.0
1.3
6.5
33.0
Total Sino-
6.5
12.6
47?5
54.2
22.1
41.5
74.2
76.9
Soviet Bloc
Sino-Soviet Bloc
100.0
96.9
97.3
93.1
100.0
97.0
93.9
90.6
as a percent of
total. exports
or imports
a. Preliminary data.
b. Estimated, using the trading partner's trade data where available.
- 36 -
UNCLASSIFIED
Approved For Release 1999/09/27 : CIA-RDP79SO1046A000900060001-6
 Approved For Release 1999/09/27 : CIA-RDP79SO1046A000900060001-6
UNCLASSIFIED ALBANIA
Albania: Commodity Composition of Foreign Trade
1950, 1955, and 1959
Commodity Group
1950
1955
1959
Exports
Machinery and equipment
0.5
Fuels, raw materials, and supplies
94.6
96.9
78.7
Fuels, minerals, and metals
62.2
70.6
57.2
Chemical products, fertilizer, and rubber
0.4
Building materials
0.3
Raw materials of plant and animal origin a/
32.4
26.3
20.8
Foodstuffs
5.2
2.6
18.0
Consumer goods
0.2
3.2
Total
100.0
100.0
100.0
Imports
Machinery and equipment
30.8
41.5
46.7
Fuels, raw materials, and supplies
28.0
33.8
31.3
Fuels, minerals, and metals
16.0
13.9
17.0
Chemical products, fertilizer, and rubber
5.3
9.8
7.6
Building materials
1.0
1.2
1.6
Raw materials of plant and animal origin a/
5.8
8.9
5.0
Foodstuffs
7.5
10.1
12.7
Consumer goods
33.7
14.5
9.3
a. Including animals for breeding.
- 37 -
UNCLASSIFIED
Approved For Release 1999/09/27 : CIA-RDP79SO1046A000900060001-6
 Approved For Release 1999/09/27 : CIA-RDP79SO1046A000900060001-6
C-O-N-F-I-D-E-N-T-I-A-L
DISTRIBUTION OF FOREIGN TRADE
1961*
Other
West Germany Non-Bloc
3?~ 13.2%
hPra
East Germat1
USSR
X2.1 %
Bulgaria, one of the least advanced Euro-
pean Communist countries, during the past
decade has been one of the poor relations
of the Soviet Bloc. The great disparity be-
tween frequently grandiose plans for rapid
industrial growth (including the "great leap
forward" program in 1959-60) and internal
economic capabilities has necessitated exten-
sive economic assistance from other Bloc
countries, primarily the USSR. In addition,
the rapid expansion of Bulgarian imports from
Western Europe in 1959 and 1960 in support of
the "leap forward" program has resulted in a
very large hard currency debt that the Bul-
garians will find difficult to repay without
a drastic improvement in their export capa-
bilities. This foreign exchange shortage is
the most serious current problem in Bulgaria's
foreign economic relations.
TOTAL SINO-SOVIET BLOC: 83.59o**
`P.ellminary dato
Indading Yugoslavio
Bulgaria's trade is heavily oriented to-
ward the Soviet Bloc. Between 80 and 90 percent of Bulgaria's annual trade is con-
ducted with other Communist economies, with particular reliance being placed on the
USSR, which accounted for more than 50 percent of Bulgarian trade in 1961. The USSR
has been the major supplier of the machinery and equipment promoting the industriali-
zation of the past decade. Large amounts of this industrial underpinning have been
supplied on long-term credit arrangements providing for repayments in Bulgarian com-
modity exports.
The most significant contribution made by Bulgaria to the economies of the Soviet
Bloc is as a supplier of agricultural raw materials and food products. Fruits, vege-
tables, fabrics, and tobacco are Bulgaria's principal exports, although exports of
some types of electrical equipment such as carts and motors are being promoted fairly
rapidly and publicized by the Bulgarians as signs of successful industrialization.
In return for these products, Bulgaria imports primarily capital equipment and indus-
trial raw materials.
With the exception of the spurt in imports in 1959-60, Bulgaria's trade with the
West has had a rather lethargic development. Bulgaria has not been a very dynamic
participant in the Bloc program of aid to underdeveloped countries. Small amounts
of assistance, however, have recently been extended to a few Near, East and African
states, and Bulgaria's low level of trade with the underdeveloped West can be ex-
pected to rise at a moderate rate in future years. Trade with industrialized
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 Approved For Release 1999/09/27 : CIA-RDP79SO1046A000900060001-6
C-O-N-F-I-D-E-N-T-I-A-L
European countries is a source of necessary industrial imports and technology. This
trade will be difficult to expand, however, because of the payments problems mentioned
earlier.
Future Bulgarian trade patterns will be shaped largely by the developing CEMA
plans for increased coordination and cooperation between Bloc countries. The offi-
cially indicated priority development of "truck farming," tobacco growing, non-
ferrous metallurgy, agricultural chemistry, and some specialized machine building
foretells a growing importance of these items in Bulgarian trade and in Bloc require-
ments from Bulgaria in years to -come.
BULGARIA
COMMODITY` COMPOSITION OF FOREIGN TRADE
100%
IMPORTS
Machinery, equipment, 25.1 ?ro
and transportation equipment C~90/0
Fuels, raw materials, 163.3%
and other materials i 47 4%
Consumer goods 11.6%
(including foodstuffs) 12.7%
36911 1-63
J 15.9%
49.4
1948
1960
4o -
C-O-N-F-I-D-E-N-T-I-A-L
Approved For Release 1999/09/27 : CIA-RDP79SO1046A000900060001-6
100%
84.1 %
 Approved For Release 1999/09/27 : CIA-RDP79SO1046A000900060001-6
UNCLASSIFIED BULGARIA
Table 14
Bulgaria: Foreign Trade
1948 and 1955-61
Million Current US $
Trade
with the Sino-Soviet Bloc
Trade
with Non-Bloc Countries
Total Trade
Year
Exports
Imports
Total
Exports
Imports
Total
Exports
Imports Total
1948
94.1
107.5
201.6
33.1
24.6
57.7
127.2
132.1
259.3
1955
210.7
222.8
433.5
25.7
27.2
52.9
236.5
250.0
486.5
1956
260.3
204.1
464.4
41.9
47.2
89.1
302.2
251.3
553.5
1957
312.4
271.6
584.o
57.9
6o.7
118.7
370.3
332.4
702.6
1958
317.1
310.6
627.6
56.3
56.2
112.5
373.4
366.8
740.1
1959
399.9
449.4
849.3
67.5
130.3
197.8
467.4
579.7
1,047.1
1960
471.8
522.6
994.4
100.0
110.3
210.3
571.8
632.9
1,204.7
1961
553.9 J
556.1 b2
1,110.0 J
108.7
109.9
218.5
662.6
666.0
1,328.5
a. Preliminary data.
b. Including data for Yugoslavia.
- 41 -
UNCLASSIFIED
Approved For Release 1999/09/27 : CIA-RDP79SO1046A000900060001-6
 Approved For Release 1999/09/27 : CIA-RDP79SO1046A000900060001-6
BULGARIA UNCLASSIFIED
Bulgaria: 'Trade with Countries of the Sino-Soviet Bloc
1948) 1955, and 1960-61
Exports
Imports
Country
1948
1955
1960
1961
1948
1955
1960
1961
Million Current US $
USSR
66.2
119.4
307.5
336.6 a/
77.2
118.7
332.5
355.6 a/
Albania
0.1
2.2
2.6
2.0 /
0.1
0.6
1.3
1.0
Czechoslovakia
13.3
25.4
54.7
66.3 /
16.0
41.6
61.9
55.3 J
East Germany
6.3
32.5
56.2
75.5 J
2.2
23.1
70.3
84.6 J
Hungary
1.7
10.1
11.6
13.3 /
1.8
13.2
11.5
13.4
Poland
5.8
6.9
20.3
20.8 /
8.2
10.4
21.6
21.6 J
Rumania
0.7
9.4
8.4
14.1 /
2.0
10.7
9.1
9.1 J
Communist China
4.6
7.5
5.0
4.3
9.6
5.0
Mongolia
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
North Korea
0
N.A.
1.8
N.A.
North Vietnam
1.8
N.A.
2.4
N.A.
Total Sino-
94.1
210.7
471.8
553.9 J
107.5
222.8
522.6
556.1 W
Soviet Bloc
Sino-Soviet Bloc
74.0
91.4
82.5
83.6
81.4
89.1
82.6
83.5
as a percent of
total exports
or imports
a. Preliminary data.
b. Estimated.
c. As reported by the 'trading partner.
d. Preliminary data, including data for Yugoslavia.
- 42 -
UNCLASSIFIED
Approved For Release 1999/09/27 : CIA-RDP79SO1046A000900060001-6
 Approved For Release 1999/09/27 : CIA-RDP79SO1046A000900060001-6
UNCLASSIFIED BULGARIA
Table 16
Bulgaria: Commodity Composition of Foreign Trade
1948, 1955, and 1960
Commodity Group
1948
1955
1960
Exports
Machinery, equipment, and transportation equipment
0
2.5
13.2
Fuels, raw materials, and other materials
84.1
58.9
37.4
Fuels, minerals, and metals
N.A.
23.9
11.1
Raw materials of plant and animal origin
N.A.
35.0
26.3
Consumer goods (including foodstuffs)
15.9
38.6
49.4
Of plant derivation
N.A.
22.6
37.0
Of animal derivation
N.A.
15.7
11.0
Of industrial derivation
N.A.
0.3
1.4
Total
100.0 I,
100.0
100.0
Imports
Machinery, equipment, and transportation equipment
25.1
50.8
39.9
Fuels, raw materials, and other materials
63.3
43.8
47.4
Fuels, minerals, and metals
N.A.
30.7
32.4
Raw materials of plant and animal origin
N.A.
13.1
15.0
Consumer goods (including foodstuffs)
11.6
5.4
12.7
Of plant derivation
N.A.
1.3
5.6
Of animal derivation
N.A.
0.4
2.0
Of industrial derivation
N.A.
3.7
5.1
100.0
100.0
100.0
- 43 -
UNCLASSIFIED
Approved For Release 1999/09/27 : CIA-RDP79SO1046A000900060001-6
 Approved For Release 1999/09/27 : CIA-RDP79SO1046A000900060001-6
DISTRIBUTION OF FOREIGN TRADE
United Kingdom
West Germany
1961
Other Non-Bloc
26.7%
With a highly diversified and relatively
large engineering industry, Czechoslovakia is
a major supplier of specialized machinery and
equipment for the rest of the Soviet Bloc.
Ranking second among the European Satellites
(after East Germany) in the value of its for-
eign trade, Czechoslovakia makes a significant
contribution toward the total economic strength
of the Bloc.
The commodity composition of Czechoslovak
foreign trade reflects the country's deficien-
cies in natural resources on the one hand and
its industrialized economic structure on the
other. Machinery and equipment make up about
1i5 percent of total exports and are scheduled
to rise to 55 percent by 1965 according to the
national plan. Exports of manufactured con-
sumer goods rose as a share of total exports
from about 11 percent in 1955 to 20 percent in
1961, mainly in response to increased demand
by the USSR and other Satellites.
On the import side, Czechoslovakia has found it necessary to import increasing
quantities of machinery and equipment to serve the complex requirements of the broad
domestic investment program. The greatest strategic vulnerability of an economic
nature, however, is still the country's dependence on imports of fuels and raw
materials. If cut off from major sources of industrial raw materials, which amounted
to 54 percent of imports in 1961, the Czechoslovak economy would be critically affected.
Since World War II the country also has been dependent on imports of foodstuffs as a
supplement to inadequate domestic supplies.
Trade with the Sino-Soviet Bloc accounted for approximately 67 percent of Czecho-
slovak trade in 1961. Plan goals call for a still further concentration of trade
within the Bloc, the share of Czechoslovak trade with Bloc countries to increase to
75 percent by 1965. The USSR is the main supplier of both basic raw materials and
foods to Czechoslovakia. More than half of the total Czechoslovak imports of a
number of important commodities come from the USSR, including crude oil, nickel,
manganese ore, iron ore, pig iron, aluminum, asbestos, and ferroalloys. Czechoslo-
vakia receives large quantities of bread grains, meat and meat products, butter,
and fish products from the USSR. As a result, the country ranks second in Soviet
trade after East Germany. Close to half of Czechoslovakia's exports of machinery
- 45 -
C-O-N-F-I-D-E-N-T-I-A-L
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 Approved For Release 1999/09/27 : CIA-RDP79SO1046A000900060001-6
C-O-N-F-I-D-E-N-T-I-A-L
and equipment are purchased by the USSR, and the Soviet market exerts an important
influence on the structure of output in the Czechoslovak-engineering industry.
The current outlook for Czechoslovak-foreign trade is clouded by domestic pro-
duction and transport difficulties that have been present in the economy since mid-
1961. Certain key sectors --- including the steel, cement, and machine building
industries -- have failed to meet production goals, and the regime has abandoned
the original plan for 1961-65. A new interim plan for 1963 is being drafted to be
followed by a Seven Year an for 1961+-70.
CZECHOSLOVAKIA`
COMMODITY' COMPOSITION OF FOREIGN TRADE
100% 0 0 100%
IMPORTS
Machinery, equipment, 7.2%
and tools
Fuels, raw materials, 56.5%
and other materials 53.8%
Foodstuffs (including raw and
semi manufactured) 118.4%
20.3%
l 44.6%
43.5 %
29.7%
1 1948
Jj 1961
Consumer goods 21%
(excluding foodstuffs) 4.3%
30.7 %
19.6%
%
The pattern of trade between Czechoslovakia and other countries of the Bloc is
being influenced to an increasing extent by the implementation of the long-term
cooperation agreements which Czechoslovakia has signed with the USSR and each of
the European Satellites under CEMA auspices. Czechoslovakia now plans to concen-
trate on a smaller number of high-quality items and to engage in an. increased intra-
Bloc exchange of specialized goods. Specialization and development plans are now
-- 46 -
C-O-N-F-I-D-E-N-T-I-A-L
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 Approved For Release 1999/09/27 : CIA-RDP79SO1046A000900060001-6
C-O-N-F-I-D-E-N-T-I-A-L
being formulated to cover the period up to 1980. The Third Five Year Plan (1961-65)
called for an increase of 47 percent in the foreign trade turnover by 1965 -- an
annual rate of growth of 8 percent compared with an average increase of 11 percent
during the Second Five Year Plan (1956-60).
Trade policies favor continuing contacts with the Western industrialized coun-
tries and special attention to economic relations with the underdeveloped countries
of the West. The latter now account for about 14 percent of the total trade. One
of the notable features of Czechoslovak trade in 1961 was the large increase in
trade with the non-Bloc countries, which was attributable in part to exceptionally
large purchases of Egyptian cotton, Canadian wheat, rolled steel and coking coal
from Western Europe, and raw cane sugar from Cuba to be further refined and exported.
For the first time since the Communist takeover, Czechoslovakia showed a deficit in
its trade with non-Bloc countries, amounting to $23 million and requiring the draw-
ing down of foreign exchange balances.
One result of the economic difficulties that Czechoslovakia is now experiencing
in its machine building industry may be a temporary slowing down of deliveries to
the underdeveloped countries. Nevertheless, Czechoslovakia was continuing to extend
new credits to these countries in 1962 and apparently intends to'continue its pro-
grams for development of raw materials in these areas on mutually beneficial terms.
- 47 -
C-O-N-F-I-D-E-N-T-I-A-L
Approved For Release 1999/09/27 : CIA-RDP79SO1046A000900060001-6
 Approved For Release 1999/09/27 : CIA-RDP79SO1046A000900060001-6
Czechoslovakia: Foreign Trade a/
1948 and 1955-61
Million Current US
Trade
with the Sino-Soviet Bloc
Trade
with Non-Bloc Countries
Total Trade
Year
Exports
Imports
Total
Exports
Imports
Total
Exports Imports
Total
1948
246.0
223.0
469.0
507.1
458.6
965.7
753.1 681.4
1,434.6
1955
802.4
745.3
1,547.8
373.6
307.4
681.0
1,176.1 1,052.7
2,228.8
1956
886.3
785.3
1,671.7
501.0
400.4
901.5
1,387.3 1,185.8
2,573.1
1957
865.5
966.3
1,831.8
492.4
420.6
913.0
1,357.9 1,386.9
2,744.8
1958
1,040.1
942.3
1,982.4
473.2
415.0
888.3
1,513.3 1,357.3
2,870.6
1959
1,226.2
1,143.8
2,369.9
501.0
458.8
959.8
1,727.2 1,602.5
3,329.7
1960
1,360.4
1,268.2
2,628.5
569.2
547.5
1,116.8
1,929.6 1,815.7
3,745.3
1961
1,395.3
1,349.4
2,744.7
651.2
674.4
1,325.5
2,046.4 2,023.8
4,070.2
a. Including reexports. Imports and exports f.o.b. border of the exporting country.
-49-
UNCLASSIFIED
Approved For Release 1999/09/27 : CIA-RDP79SO1046A000900060001-6
 Approved For Release 1999/09/27 : CIA-RDP79SO1046A000900060001-6
CZECHOSLOVAKIA UNCLASSIFIED
Czechoslovakia: Trade with Countries of the Sino-Soviet Bloc
1948, 1955, and 1960-61
Exports _a/
Imports
Country
1948 J
1955 1960
1961
1948 J
1955 `Y
1960 2/
1961
Million Current US
120.1
402.8
658.7
713.4
117.8
365.4
630.5
656.0
Albania
0.1
5.7
7.9
11.0
0
1.9
6.9
10.7
Bulgaria
15.5
13.3
61.5
57.1
11.9
24.3
-57.1
65.7
East Germany
9.8
79.7
195.6
219.9
10.7
97.9
198.2
230.0
Hungary
22.2
64.0
111.7
104.2
20.7
77.1
93.9
135.8
Poland
52.9
102.8
128.3
164.0
40.5
76.J_
110.6
141.1
Rumania
23.8
37.5
63.6
77.0
29.4
41.7
64.3
54.0
Communist China
1.4
57.6
109.3
34.0
0.2
6o.'
93.3
41.9
Mongolia
0
Neg:L.
6.5
4.4
0
0
5.6
6.0
North Korea
0.1
4.7
11.7
6.4
0
0
3.6
5.0
North Vietnam
0
4.2
5.6
4.0
0
Negl..
4.2
3.2
Total Sino-
246.0
802.4
1,360.4
1,395.3
231.2
./
745.3
1,268.2
1,349.4
Soviet Bloc
Sino-Soviet Bloc
32.7
68.2
70.5
68.2
30.6
70.8
69.8
66.7
as a percent of
total exports
or imports
a.
b.
c.
Exports f.o.b.
Provisional data.
Provisional data.
Imports c.i.f.
d.
Imports f.o.b. border of the exporting country.
e.
The final figure on an f.o.b. basis is $223.0 million.
- 50 -
UNCLASSIFIED
Approved For Release 1999/09/27 : CIA-RDP79SO1046A000900060001-6
 Approved For Release 1999/09/27 : CIA-RDP79SO1046A000900060001-6
UNCLASSIFIED CZECHOSLOVAKIA
Czechoslovakia: Commodity Composition of Foreign Trade
1948, 1955, and 1960-61
Commodity Group
191+8
1955
1960
1961
Exports
Machinery, equipment, and tools
20.3
43.5
1+5.1
44.6
Fuels, raw materials, and other materials
1+3.5
39.3
29.2
29.7
Fuels, minerals, and metals
N.A.
28.6
19.7
19.7
Chemical products, fertilizer, and rubber
N.A.
2.9
2.8
2.9
Construction materials
N.A.
2.1
1.5
1.4
Raw materials of plant and animal origin a/
N.A.
5.7
5.3
5.8
Foodstuffs (including raw and semimanufactured)
5.5
6.1
5.2
6.1
Consumer goods (excluding foodstuffs)
30.7
11.1
20.4
19.6
Total
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
Imports
Machines, equipment, and tools
7.2
13.3
21.7
23.5
Fuels, raw materials, and other materials
56.5
53.6
53.0
53.8
Fuels, minerals, and metals
N.A.
24.2
27.7
29.4
Chemical products, fertilizer, and rubber
N.A.
8.5
9.2
8.8
Construction materials
N.A.
0.9
0.9
0.9
Raw materials of plant and animal origin a/
N.A.
20.0
15.3
14.7
Foodstuffs (including raw and semimanufactured)
33.6
29.0
21.9
18.4
Consumer goods (excluding foodstuffs)
2.7
77
3.3
Total
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
a. Including animals for breeding.
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UNCLASSIFIED
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C-O-N-F-I-D-E-N-T-I-A-L
DISTRIBUTION OF FOREIGN TRADE Political as well as economic realities
'k-r a r+nn+i nisi na nri an+.ati nn nfi
Rumania-2.4%
Poland'
USSR
44.0%
East German trade toward the Bloc to a far
greater extent than has been the case in the
other industrialized Satellites. Trade sta-
tistics covering 1961 reveal a fairly typical
distribution of trade, with 73 percent of ex-
ports and 75 percent of imports deriving from
Bloc trade. Among the factors that explain
the continuation of a relatively low level of
trade with the Free World is East Germany's
unique political position, which has posed
problems in establishing normal trade rela-
tionships with Western countries. Moreover,
East Germany's primary export products --
machinery and engineering goods -- often
have not met the high standards and require-
ments of the industrialized countries of
Western Europe. Interzonal trade, which for
West Germany is more a function of political
36914 1-63
than economic forces, has continued to account
for more than 50 percent of East Germany's trade with the industrial West in spite of
persistent threats to its continuation and the efforts of East Germany to reduce its
dependence on supplies from this source.
Perhaps the most important factor determining the orientation of East Germany's
trade, however, has been the necessity for close ties with the USSR -- during earlier
years because of the heavy requirements of the reparations program and more recently
as a result of the position of the Soviet economy as a ready market for East German
manufactures and the primary source for required import supplies and financial aid.
Because of domestic economic failures and unanticipated requirements for Soviet aid,
earlier plans to shift some part of East German trade with the USSR (currently
accounting for 44 percent of the total trade) to other Bloc partners (currently
accounting for 30 percent of the total trade) have not been successful. Recent
efforts to effect greater specialization among the European Satellites under CEMA
will be reflected only gradually in the over-all structure of East German trade.
The unrealistic goals and inconsistencies in the East German Seven Year Plan,
coupled with the myriad of difficulties deriving from the forced collectivization of
agriculture, the decline in the labor force, and the uncertainties attending con-
tinued trade with the West, have all contributed to below-plan performance in both
production and investment. As a result, portions of the over-all economic plan for
1959-65 as well as the role of foreign trade in this plan are being revamped. Trade
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C-O-N-F-I-D-E-N-T-I-A-L
with the USSR has taken on new importance as a major means of salvaging important
parts of the investment program. East German official sources admit to an import
surplus of approximately $i60 million in trade with the USSR in 1961 and probably
even larger amounts of unrecqu:ited imports in 1962 as a result of the extension of
$310 million in new credits from the USSR. East German plans to offer increased
credits to the less developed countries, both within and outside the Bloc, apparently
also have had to be postponed. Although it is possible that East Germany's total
trade turnover will continue to grow at approximately the planned rate (7.6 percent),
there is every reason to doubt that the East German economy will be able to generate
the -substantial export surpluses originally scheduled for the current long-term
planning :period.
EAST- GERMANY
COMMODITY COMPOSITION OF FOREIGN TRADE
100%
IMPORTS
Machinery, equipment, 5.5%
and tools 12.3%1-
Fuels, raw materials 57.8%
and other materials [58-70/6
Foodstuffs (including raw C33 0%
and semi manufactured) 23.6%
Consumer goods 3.7%
(excluding foodstuffs) 5.4%
36915 1-63
128.0%
33.1%
148.4%
EXPORTS
I 52.7%
1950
1960
No important changes are planned in the broad categories of the commodity-struc-
ture of East Germany's foreign trade, which has remained fairly stable since the
mid-1950's. Almost half the value of East Germany's exports consists of machinery
and equipment and one-third of industrial materials (almost exclusively chemicals
and uranium), while consumer manufactures account for about 15 percent. East Germany
54 -
C-O-N-F-I-D-E-N-T-I-A-L
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P 3 6.8%
.5%
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C-O-N-F-I-D-E-N-T-I-A-L
is second only to the USSR as a Bloc exporter of machinery and equipment, providing
one-third of all Bloc imports in this field, and is the largest single exporter of
chemicals within the Bloc. Because of the inadequate resource base, almost 60 per-
cent of East German imports consist of industrial materials and nearly one-fourth
of foodstuffs. Consumer manufactures, on the other hand, constitute only about
5 percent of imports, while purchases of machinery and equipment have multiplied
almost 7 times since 1955 to reach 12 percent of the total imports in 1960.
The rapid rise in East German imports of machinery and equipment is mainly a
product of improved coordination of Bloc foreign trade, and the trend can be ex-
pected to continue -- although perhaps at a somewhat reduced rate -- as a result of
the current intention to convert East German industry increasingly to large-scale
production of limited groups of products. Emphasis on the development of tradi-
tional industries in which East German efficiency and reputation have already been
established and, insofar as possible, on the manufacture of highly processed, "labor-
intensive" products also is reflected in the composition of exports in the machinery
and equipment field. While phasing out production and export of some heavier types
of equipment, East Germany is increasing its role as an exporter of equipment for
the chemical, electrotechnical, and precision and optical industries as well as
machine tools and refrigeration units. An increased emphasis on more highly pro-
cessed products of the chemical industry and specialty items from the consumer
goods industry also is being reflected in the commodity composition of East German
exports.
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 Approved For Release 1999/09/27 : CIA-RDP79SO1046A000900060001-6
East Germany: Foreign Trade a/
1948 and 1955-61
Million Current US
Trade
Trade
with the Sino-Soviet Bloc
with Non-Bloc Countries
Year
Exports
Imports
Total
Exports
Imports
Total
Exports
Imports
1948
105.0
117.0
222.0
37.0
37.0
74.0
142.0
154.0
296.0
1955
938.3
826.4
1,764.8
339.9
346.3
686.1
1,278.2
1,172.7
2,450.9
1956
1,039.3
959.8
1,999.2
367.9
373.9
741.8
1,407.2
1,333.7
2,740.9
1957
1,350.8
1,150.4
2,501.3
460.o
465.1
924.9
1,81o.8
1,615.5
3,426.3
1958
1,445.4
1,182.1
2,627.5
464.6
512.6
977.1
1,910.0
1,694.7
3,604.6
1959
1,623.2
1,482.7
3,105.9
512.6
524.3
1,036.9
2,135.8
2,007.0
4,142.7
1960
1,635.1
1,571.9
3,207.0
567.3
610.0
1,177.3
2,202.4
2,181.9
4,384.3
1961
1,663.7
1,667.4
3,331.1
611.5
565.0
1,176.5
2,275.2
2,232.4
4,507.6
a. Exports and imports f.o.b. unless otherwise indicated.
b. Estimated. Exports f.o.b., imports c.i.f.
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UNCLASSIFIED
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EAST GERMANY UNCLASSIFIED
East Germany: Trade with Countries of the Sino-Soviet-Bloc a/
1948, 1955, and 1960-61
Exports
Imports
Country
1948 /
19 55
1960
1961 1948 /
1955
1960
1961
Million Current US $
USSR
N.A.
515.7
924.7
911.3
N.A.
422.1
958.1
1,069.9
Albania
N.A.
6.2
5.0
3.9
N.A.
1.3
4.3
6.3
Bulgaria
N.A.
21.3
69.0
83.6
N.A.
31.0
54.7
65.8
Czechoslovakia
N.A.
93.8
192.1
228.9
N.A.
70.7
187.0
217.9
Hungary
N.A.
46).1
94.2
99.3
N.A.
62.1
93.4
103.8
Poland
N.A.
123.7
184.0
208.1
N.A.
114.6
108.8
102.2
Rumania
N.A.
24.8
48.3
58.8
N.A.
37.9
51.9
50.3
Communist China
N.A.
9T.?
97.1
55.1
N.A.
86.6
100.2
40.1
Mongolia
N.A.
C)
4.7
3.1
N.A.
0
2.0
3.5
North Korea
N.A.
7.6
4.7
4.0
N.A.
0.1
4.6
3.3
North Vietnam
N.A.
1.7
11.2
7.5
N.A.
0
6.8
4.5
Total Sino-
105.0
938.3
11,635.1
1,663.7
117.0
826.4
1,571.9
1,667.4
Soviet Bloc
Sino-Soviet Bloc
73.9
73.4
74.2
73.1
76.0
70.5
72.0
74.7
as a percent of
total exports
or imports
a. Exports and imports f.o.b. unless otherwise indicated.
b. Exports f.o.b., imports c.i.f. Trade turnover figures are available as follows:
USSR, $105 million; Czechoslovakia, $25 million; Poland, $70 million; Bulgaria,
$10 million; and Communist China, $10 million.
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UNCLASSIFIED
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UNCLASSIFIED EAST GERMANY
East Germany: Commodity Composition of Foreign Trade
1950, 1955, 1958, and 1960
Exports
Imports
Commodity Group 1950
1955
1958
1960 1950
1955
1958
1960
equip- 28.0
Machinery
55.7
47.3
48.4 5.5
3.4
9.5
12.3
,
ment, and tools
raw materials, 52.7
Fuels
31.8
35.4
33.1
57.8 J
59.1
57.9 J
58.7 J
,
and other materials
Fuels, minerals, N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
16.4
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
38.2
and metals
Chemical products, N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
13.1.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
4.4
fertilizer,
rubber
Construction
and
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
1.2
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
0.2
materials
Raw materials
of N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
2.4
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
15.9 a/
plant and animal
origin
Foodstuffs (includ-
6.8
1.8
3.3
3.5
33.0
31.7
24.8
23.6
ing raw and semi-
manufactured)
Consumer goods
12.5
10.7
14.0
15.0
3.7
5.8
7.8
5.4
(excluding food-
stuffs)
Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
a. Including animals for breeding.
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UNCLASSIFIED
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C-O-N-F-I-D-E-N-T-I-A-L
DISTRIBUTION OF FOREIGN TRADE
Yugoslavia
United Kingdom
Austria
West Germany
USSR ?
33.6%
East Germany
TOTAL SINO-SOVIET BLOC: 68.4%
TOTAL NON-BLOC: 31.6%
A notable feature of Hungarian foreign
trade in recent years has been the changing
composition of trade -- an' increase in ex-
ports of machinery, equipment, and tools and
a decline in the share of foodstuffs exported.
With the exception of the period immediately
following the revolt in 1956, when all pro-
duction was disorganized, Hungary has been
able to register gains in most sectors of its
machine industry. On the other hand, the de-
pressed state of agriculture under the pres-
sures of collectivization has handicapped the
country in maintaining its traditional posi-
tion as a supplier of agricultural produce.
Whereas Hungary was formerly nearly self-
sufficient in foodstuffs, about 10 percent of
its imports now comprise foods, and the share
of foods in exports has been reduced by more
than one-half since 1949. Exports of food-
stuffs have increased gradually from the low
post-revolt level, but the value of these ex-
ports in 1961 still had not regained that of
1955.
Fuels and raw materials are by far the most important category of Hungarian im-
ports. Nevertheless, with the improvement in material supplies in the last few years
that followed completion of certain investment projects, the share of this category
in total imports was reduced from 70 percent in 1958 to 59 percent in 1961. In con-
trast, imports of machinery and equipment for the current investment program have
more than doubled since 1958 and now constitute about one-fourth of total imports.
Trade with the Sino-Soviet Bloc comprises nearly 70 percent of Hungarian foreign
trade. Specialized machine tools, precision instruments, and telecommunications and
electronic equipment are among the important exports to Bloc destinations. Hungary
is a major supplier of bauxite and alumina to Czechoslovakia and East Germany and
has been able to export increasing amounts of rolled steel to Bloc trading partners
as construction of new facilities and modernization of the metallurgical industry
has progressed.
Trade with the USSR, which accounts for 34 percent of the total trade, is of
vital importance to Hungary. Among the key products that Hungary obtains from the
USSR are crude oil, iron ore, pig iron, metallurgical coke, timber, cotton, and
wheat as well as industrial equipment, agricultural machinery, excavators, and
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1961*
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C-O-N-F-I-D-E-N-T-I-A-L
road-building equipment. In return, Hungary exports machine tools, control and
measuring instruments, food-processing and refrigeration equipment, diesel locomo-
tives, communications equipment, and various other machinery and consumer industry
products. The USSR is estimated to have supplied $202.5 million in credits in
support of the Hungarian economy in the period 1957 through 1961. (Additional in-
vestment credits extended but not yet drawn as of 1961 amounted to about $95 million).
Although the major part of Hungarian requirements are met from Bloc sources,
about one-third of its imports are obtained in non-Bloc countries, showing a substan-
tial dependence on trade with the West. In spite of its growing steel industry,
Hungary imported in 1960 from Western Europe 156,000 tons of rolled steel out of the
total imports of 229,000 tons. About 17 percent of Hungary's imports of machinery
and equipment came from the West in 1960 as well as 16 percent of its industrial
consumer goods and 37 percent of its foodstuffs.
HUNGARY
COMMODITY COMPOSITION OF FOREIGN TRADE
IMPORTS
Machinery, equipment, 118.2%
and tools 125.5%
`Fuels,
raw materials,
and other materials
Foodstuffs (including raw 3.4%
and semimanufactured) 10.6%
Consumer goods 1.6%
(excluding foodstuffs) 4.8%1
1 37.2%
21.4%
22.5%
EXPORTS
1949:
17.9% 1961
20.6%
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C-O-N-F-I-D-E-N-T-I-A-L
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C-0-N-F-I-D-E-N-T-I-A-L
As a result of Hungary's continued dependence on its traditional Western Euro-
pean sources, sizable foreign trade deficits with the industrialized countries and
a chronic foreign exchange shortage generally have been the rule. Import surpluses
of $50 million and $40 million, respectively, were shown in Hungary's trade with
the industrialized Western countries in 1960 and 1961. To provide a better balance
of trade, the foreign trade plan for 1962 called for cutbacks in imports (particu-
larly of raw materials from the developed West) and specified large-scale increases
in marketable commodities for export. Because foreign exchange earnings depend
largely on exports of foodstuffs and industrial consumer goods to the Western Euro-
pean area, the possible impact of the Common Market is of special concern to Hun-
garian trade officials, who are exploring ways of circumventing the Common Market
trade discrimination.
In spite of problems in meeting foreign exchange commitments, a noteworthy
improvement in the over-all balance of Hungarian trade occurred in 1961. Hungary
was able to achieve a surplus of $3.4 million in its total trade compared with a
large deficit of $101.9 million in 1960. A major factor in the growth of Hungary's
exports in 1961 was the rapid expansion of exports of manufactured consumer goods.
Hungary is currently working on its long-range plan through 1980, which is to be
coordinated with the plans of other European Satellites and the USSR in accordance
with CEMA directives. Coordination of planning for the 1966-70 ',period will begin in
1963 and must be essentially completed by 1964.
The Second Five Year Plan (1961-65) calls for an increase of 46.2 percent in the
foreign trade turnover by 1965 above the 1960 level, an annual rate of increase of
7.9 percent. Raw material imports are to rise to 63 percent of the total imports by
1965, and it is planned that a slightly higher proportion of these commodities will
be provided by the Bloc. Imports of agricultural products are to decline markedly,
in line with what appear to be ambitious targets set for agriculture. Exports of
machinery and equipment and of food and agricultural products are to increase as a
percentage of the total exports, with a relatively larger increase to non-Bloc than
to Bloc countries.
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C-0-N-F-I-D-E-N-T-I-A-L
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 Approved For Release 1999/09/27 : CIA-RDP79SO1046A000900060001-6
UNCLASSIFIED HUNGARY
Hungary: Foreign Trade a/
1949 and 1955-61
Million Current US $
Trade
with the Sino-Soviet Bloc
Trade
with Non-Bloc Countries
Total Trade
Year
Exports
Imports
Total
Exports
Imports
Total
Exports Imports Total
1949
137.6
126.5
264.1
142.9
161.6
301.6
280.5
288.1
568.6
1955
400.8
299.5
700.3
200.2
254.7
454.9
601.0
554.2
1,155.2
1956
300.3
291.5
591.8
186.6
189.7
376.3
486.9
481.2
968.1
1957
308.5
486.6
795.1
179.4
195.8
375.2
487.9
682.4
1,170.3
1958
453.0
434.6
887.5
230.6
196.3
426.9
683.5
630.9
1,314.5
1959
509.1
556.6
1,065.7
260.5
236.3
496.8
769.6
792.9
1,562.5
1960
586.1
667.0
1,253.1
287.8
308.8
596.6
873.9
975.8
1,849.7
1961 J
714.1
691.2
1,405.2
314.8
334.3
649.3
1,028.9
1,025.5
2,054.5
a. Including reexports. Imports c.i.f., exports f.o.b. Hungarian border.
b. For methodology, see Table 24, p. 66, below.
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UNCLASSIFIED
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HUNGARY UNCLASSIFIED
Hungary: Trade with Countries of the Sino-Soviet Bloc a/
1949, 1955, and 1960-61
Exports
Imports
Country
1949
1955
1960
1961 W
1949
1955
1960
1961
Million Current US
69.9
152.9
256.5
332.3
61.8
100.3
302.9
357.9
Albania
1.6
3.9
2.4
N.A.
Negi.
1.6
3.8
N.A
Bulgaria
5.4
8.7
11.9
13.4
4.1
12.2
13.1
.
13.3
Czechoslovakia
28.4
79.1
93.9
137.9
29.7
56.4
111.8
103.6
East Germany
5.2
64.9
100.7
110.1
2.2
51.3
100.9
103.6
Poland
11.5
31.9
45.5
59.7
15.2
28.6
49.6
57.4
Rumania
15.7
19.4
25.9
28.8
13.4
18.7
41.5
24.6
Communist China
0
35.9
40.2
28.8
0
30.5
36.3
17
4
Mongolia
0
0
1.6
N.A.
0
0
1.6
.
N
A
North Korea
0
3.4
4.6
N.A.
0
Negl.
3.3
.
.
N.A.
North Vietnam
0
0.6
2.9
N.A.
0
0
2.2
N.A.
Total Sino-
137.6
400.8
586.1
714.1
126.5
299.5
667.0
691.2
Soviet Bloc
Sino-Soviet Bloc
as a percent of
total exports
or imports
49.1
66.7
67.1
69.4
43.9
54.0
68.4
67.)-
a. Imports c.i.f., exports f.o.b. Hungarian border.
b. Computed on the basis of percentages published in the Statistical Pocket Book
of Hungary, 1962, and Kulkereskedelem, No. 3, 1962, adjusted to exclude Yugoslavia
from the Bloc.
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UNCLASSIFIED HUNGARY
Hungary: Commodity Composition of Foreign Trade
1949, 1955; and 1960-61
Commodity Group
1949
1955
1960
1961
Exports
Machinery, equipment, and tools
17.7
29.7
38.0
37.2
Fuels, raw materials, and other materials
21.4-
23.8
23.6
22.5
Fuels, minerals, and metals
10.4
14.0
13.4
N.A.
Chemical products, fertilizer, and rubber
1.9
1,.8
2.7
N.A.
Construction materials
1.2
1.1
0.6
N.A.
Raw materials of plant and animal origin a/
7.9
6.8
6.9
N.A.
Foodstuffs (including raw and semimanufactured)
43.0
30.7
20.6
19.7
Consumer goods (excluding foodstuffs)
17 9
-157
17.8
20.6
Total
100.0
100'.0
100.0
100.0
Imports
Machines, equipment, and tools
18.2
12.3
27.8
25.5
Fuels, raw materials, and other materials
76.8
67.7
58.9
59.1
Fuels, minerals, and metals
28.0
25.5
28.1
N.A.
Chemical products, fertilizer, and rubber
8.1
7'.8
8.8
N.A.
Construction materials
0.7
0'.4-
0.9
N.A.
Raw materials of plant and animal origin a/
40.0
34-.0
21.1
N.A.
Foodstuffs (including raw and semimanufactured)
3.4
17.0
8.3
10.6
Consumer goods (excluding foodstuffs)
1.6
3.0
5.0
4.8
100.0
100''.0
100.0
100.0
a. Including animals for breeding.
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UNCLASSIFIED
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DISTRIBUTION OF FOREIGN TRADE
1961
Other Non-Bloc
24.9%
USSR
30.6%
9.8%
t, j q7a~~ East Germany
7= __-Cieohoslovakia
Hungary-3.6%
TOTAL SINO-SOVIET BLOC: 59.0%
TOTAL NON-BLOC: 41.0%
Foreign trade is a troublesome necessity
for Poland. The third largest trader in the
European Satellite area, Poland is perennially
plagued by balance of payments difficulties as
import demands for industrial raw materials
and modern technology outrace the supply of
traditional exports such as coal and agricul-
tural products and, more recently, machinery
and equipment. Although 40 percent of Poland's
trade is with non-Bloc countries, Poland is an
important supplier of coal and coke, transpor-
tation equipment, and metal products to other
Bloc countries.
The commodity composition of Poland's ex-
ports has shown a persistent and significant
trend during the postwar years. As a product
of Poland's increasing industrialization and
its growing trade with the Bloc, Polish exports
of machinery and equipment have grown from 2.4
percent of exports in 1949 to 28.0 percent in
1961, with further growth planned for the future. Simultaneously, exports of fuels,
raw materials, and other materials have fallen from 68.7 percent of exports in 1949 to
39.2 percent in 1961. In part this decline reflects a rapid displacement of Poland's
export markets for solid fuels through increasing use of petroleum. Exports of pro-
cessed food products and nonfood consumer goods have gained a slightly increased share
of the total Polish exports during the same period.
The Polish industrialization program is dependent on imports.: Deficient in raw
materials, Poland must import large quantities of crude oil, petroleum products, high-
quality coking coal, and metallic ores. Poland also is dependent on imports for more
than 1 million metric tons of grain annually and is always anxious to acquire advanced
design machinery and equipment from the West -- when means of payment are available.
As do all other countries of the Soviet Bloc, Poland trades primarily with the
Communist community. This intra-Bloc trade provides a less demanding market for
Polish exports than does the developed West while at the same time supplying Poland
with a large share of its industrial raw material needs. The USSR is Poland's most
important trading partner (accounting for 31 percent of the total Polish trade), with
East Germany and Czechoslovakia ranking next. Polish-Czechoslovak commercial rela-
tions are expanding dynamically.
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Trade with the developed West is becoming increasingly difficult for Poland.
World market prices for traditional Polish exports to this area (coal and agricul-
tural products) have been dropping for some time, and Polish attempts to diversify
exports and increase sales of machinery, equipment, and manufactured consumer goods
in Western Europe have met little success. Polish officials also fear the adverse
impact that Common Market economic policies may have on their agricultural exports
in the future. (In 1961 the countries of the Common Market together with the UK
accounted for more than 15 percent of the total Polish trade.)
Trade with the underdeveloped countries accounts annually for more than 10 per-
cent of the total trade, and, according to official statements, this -share will in-
crease in the future. This trade provides-a market-for Polish industrial plants
and equipment, a source of necessary raw materials, and an opportunity to partici-
pate in the Bloc-wide program of economic penetration of the uncommitted countries.
Polish extensions of aid to underdeveloped countries amounted to almost 200 million
from 1956 to mid-1962.
POLAND
COMMODITY COMPOSITION OF FOREIGN TRADE
100% 0 0 100%
IMPORTS
Machinery, equipment,
and transportation equipment
Fuels,raw materials, 61.4%
and other materials 49.8%
11.4%?J
ruumiLuns 15.2% L
Consumer goods 2.8%
(excluding foodstuffs) 5.9% r
36919 1-63
2.4%
128.0%
39.2 %
Li 9.8%
121.3%
1 9.1 %
+-Jl 11.5%
EXPORTS
] 68.7%
P]
1949
1961
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UNCLASSIFIED POLAND
Table 26
Poland: Foreign Trade
1949 and 1955-61
Million Current US
with the Sino-Soviet Bloc with Non-Bloc Countries
Total Trade
Year
Exports
Imports
Total
Exports
Imports
Total
Exports Imports
Total
1949
276.1
265.1
541.2
342.7
367.3
710.0
618.8
632.4
1,251.3
1955
574.6
601.2
1,175.8
345.0
330.6
675.7
919.7
931.8
1,851.5
1956
573.0
668.5
1,241.5
411.7
353.4
765.1
984.8
1,021.8
2,006.6
1957
559.8
760.2
1,320.0
415.3
491.3
906.5
975.0
1,251.5
2,226.5
1958
586.4
692.0
1,278.4
473.1
534.8
1,007.8
1,059,4
1,226.8
2,286.2
1959
661.3
897.0
1,559.3
483.8
521.6
1,005.4
1,145.1
1,419.6
2,564.7
1960
789.4
924.4
1,713.8
536.1
570.6
1,106.7
1,325.5
1,495.0
2,820.5
1961
890.3
990.7
1,881.0
613.2
696.0
1,309.2
1,503!6
1,686.7
3,190.3
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UNCLASSIFIED
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 Approved For Release 1999/09/27 : CIA-RDP79SO1046A000900060001-6
POLAND UNCLASSIFIED
Table 27
Poland: Trade with Countries of the Sino-Soviet Bloc
1949, 1955, and 1960-6.1
Exports
Imports
Country
1949
1955
1960
1961
1949
1955
1960
1961
_
Million Current US $
USSR
120.3
280.5
390.2
485.0
118.6
313.6
465.3
489.8
Albania
1.2
2.6
3.3
3.7
0.4
1.2
3.0
4.0
Bulgaria
13.7
9.6
27.6
21.6
8.6
7.0
20.2
20.8
Czechoslovakia
53.2
75.3
113.1
146.8
69.6
79.7
127.1
162.8
East Germany
64.8
125.1
124.6
109.7
47.3
121.8
186.4
202.8
Hungary
13.5
26.4
46.5
55.1
11.6
30.6
46.1
59.0
Rumania
9.4
12.6
23.2
32.5
9.0
11.9
20.5
24.0
Communist China
34.9
50.0
26.7
35.2
46.4
20.7
Mongolia
3.1
3.1
2.0
2.2
North Korea
7.8
1.4
1.4
1.9
2.8
North Vietnam
6.5
4.3
0.2
5.6
1.6
Total-Sino-
276.1
574.6
789.4
890.3
265.1
601.2
924.4
990.7
Soviet Bloc
Sino-Soviet Bloc
44.6
62.5
59.6
59.2
41.9
64.5
61.8
58.7
as a percent of
total exports
or imports
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UNCLASSIFIED POLAND
Table 28
Poland: Commodity Composition of Foreign Trade
1949, 1955, and 1960-61
Commodity Group
1949 1955 1960 1961
Exports
equipment, and transportation equipment
Machinery
2.4
13.1
28.0
28.0
,
raw materials, and other materials
Fuels
68.7
64.8
43.8
39.2
,
minerals, and metals
Fuels
N.A.
55.6
34.2
29.8
,
Chemical products, fertilizer, and rubber
N.A.
2.7
3.8
3.4
Building materials
N.A.
1.3
0.7
1.0
Raw materials of plant and animal origin a/
N.A.
5.3
5.2
5.0
Foodstuffs
19.8
14.8
18.0
21.3
Consumer goods (excluding foodstuffs)
9_1
7.2
10.1
11.5
Total
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
Imports
Machinery, equipment, and transportation equipment
24.4
30.9
27.1
29.1
raw materials, and other materials
Fuels
61.4
51.7
51.5
49.8
,
Fuels, minerals, and metals
N.A.
19.6
25.1
26.7
Chemical products, fertilizer, and rubber
N.A.
8.9
7.9
6.6
Building materials
N.A.
1.0
0.5
0.5
Raw materials of plant and animal origin a/
N.A.
22.3
18.1
16.0
Foodstuffs
11.4
13.0
15.9
15.2
Consumer goods (excluding foodstuffs)
2.8
4.3
5.4
5.9
Total
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
a. Including animals for breeding.
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UNCLASSIFIED
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 Approved For Release 1999/09/27 : CIA-RDP79SO1046A000900060001-6
C-O-N-F-I-D-E-N-T-I-A-L
Rumania has the fastest growing economy
DISTRIBUTION OF FOREIGN TRADE in the Bloc today, although it is one of the
~9fi~ less developed Sino-Soviet countries. To
acquire the machinery and equipment necessary
to keep its economy growing at a fast pace,
Rumania has had to expand,its foreign trade
Switzerland-]. % NoOther
n Bloc rapidly. Its chief exports consist of agri-
rlihur Trade with the Bloc now accounts for about
Hair. -USSR According to the Six Year Plan (1960-65),
United Kingdom ab%-_____ 401.4% Rumanian trade by 1965 is to be double that
west Germany r ?~? J fit ; of 1959. In only 2 years, Rumania has al-
`',~; ~,- %1, ready reached almost 80 percent of this goal.
Austria-2.0
1/1 ,`. it.b?% ? cultural and petroleum products.
France-2.4i ~` ~
' 67 percent of the total Rumanian trade and is
Hungary-34% tb?!?
Potand-3.5% Czechoslovakia planned to remain at 65 to 70 percent of total
East Germany trade through 1965. This is a sizable decline,
TOTAL SINO-SOVIET BLOC: 66.696 however, in the share of Bloc trade from the
TOTAL NON-BLOC: 33.496 level in 1959, when it was 79 percent. The
relative increase in importance of trade with
the Free world since 1959 reflects Rumania's
need to broaden its trade contacts to meet
the requirements of its industrial program.
Fuels and raw materials accounted for 57 percent of Rumanian exports in 1960.
The most important items in this category were petroleum and petroleum products,
produced by Rumania's major industry. With the opening of the "Friendship" pipeline,
a direct supply of crude oil will flow from the USSR to Czechoslovakia, East Germany,
Hungary, and Poland for new oil refineries in these countries. The oil products pro-
duced by these refineries will lessen the demand for Rumanian oil products, allowing
larger shipments of these products to Western Europe. Rumania also exports large
quantities of lumber and. food products.
Although Rumania has an ample supply of petroleum, it lacks many other raw ma-
terials. In 1960, raw materials and semimanufactures, such as rolled steel, iron
ore, and coke, made up 57 percent of its total imports. Machinery and equipment
also are large import items. Because much of the machinery that Rumania needs to
fulfill its plans cannot be obtained within the Bloc large amounts of machinery and
equipment have been purchased and will continue to be purchased from the Free World,
especially Western Europe, in return for sales of agricultural and petroleum products.
The high tariffs on agricultural products planned by the Common Market will hinder
Rumanian sales of agricultural products in the future, and these may well be diverted
to Bloc markets.
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 Approved For Release 1999/09/27 : CIA-RDP79SO1046A000900060001-6
C-O-N-F-I-D-E-N-T-I-A-L
The USSR is the largest trading partner of Rumania, accounting for about 40
percent of the total Rumanian trade. Rumania supplies the USSR with petroleum and
chemical products, ships, lumber, some industrial equipment, and other goods in
return for pig iron, iron ore, rolled steel, coke, industrial equipment, and agri-
cultural products.
Even though Rumania has successfully achieved the pattern of trade called for
in the Six Year Plan, this may be altered in the next few years. The closer cooper-
ation of the CEMA countries in the future may lead to a larger proportionate share
of intra-Bloc trade in the total trade of each of the Bloc countries. In that case,
Rumanian trade with the Free World could be expected to grow much more slowly than
in the past.
RUMANIA
COMMODITY COMPOSITION OF FOREIGN TRADE
IMPORTS
Machinery, equipment, 37.1%
transportation equipment, and tools 32.5%
Raw materials, 51.9%
semifinished g
production oods,
puctmaterials, 57.2%
and fuels
921 1-63
Foodstuffs (including raw 0.8%
materials),and livestock 5.1% r
Consumer goods 10.2% L
(excluding foodstuffs) 5.2%
F1 4.2
] 24.9%
20.8%
EXPORTS
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 Approved For Release 1999/09/27 : CIA-RDP79SO1046A000900060001-6
UNCLASSIFIED RUMANIA
Rumania: Foreign Trade
1950, 1955, and 1958-61
Million Current US
Trade Trade
with the Sino-Soviet Bloc with Non-Bloc Countries
Total Trade
Exports
Imports
Total
Exports
Imports
Total
Exports
Imports
Total
1950 a/
188.7
192.2
380.9
23.3
51.1
74.4
212.0
243.3
455.3
1955 J
340.3
385.5
725.8
81.5
76.8
158.3
421.8
462.3
884.1
1958
352.0
378.3
730.3
116.4
103.5
219.9
468.4
481.8
950.2
1959
409.7
402.3
812.0
112.8
99.8
212.6
522.5
502.1
1,024.6
1960
515.4
468.9
984.3
201.8
179.1
380.9
717.2
648.o
1,365.2
1961
536.o
535.3
1,071.2
256.6
279.5
536.3
792.6
814.8
1,607.5
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UNCLASSIFIED
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 Approved For Release 1999/09/27 : CIA-RDP79SO1046A000900060001-6
RUMANIA UNCLASSIFIED
Rumania: Trade with Countries of the Sino-Soviet Bloc
1950, 1955, and 1960-61
Exports
Imports
Country
1950 a/
1955
1960
1961
1950
1955 fW
1960
1961
Million Current US
USSR
139
209.8
281.5
351.3
114.0
267.8
266.0
298.9
Albania
2.4
2.6
2.0
1.3
0.4
Negl.
0.7
0.4
Bulgaria
N.A.
10.7
9.2
9.1
N.A.
9.4
8.6
14.1
Czechoslovakia
N.A.
41.7
62.6
56.8
N.A.
37.5
63.9
76.3
East Germany
N.A.
37.9
53.9
53.0
N.A.
24.8
51.9
58.6
Hungary
13.4
18.7
42.0
25.0
15.7 /
19.4
25.8
29.4
Poland
11.6
11.9
20.9
24.6
13.0
12.6
23.1
32.0
Communist China
Negl.
6
33.3
9.3
Negl.
14
23.6
19.7
Mongolia
N.A.
N.A.
0.2
0.5
N.A.
N.A.
0.2
0.5
North Korea
N.A.
1
5.3
0.9
N.A.
0
3.0
2.8
North Vietnam
N.A.
N.A.
4.5
4.3
N.A.
N.A.
2.2
2.6
Total Sino-
188.7
340.3
515.4
536.0
192.2
385-5
468.9
535.3
Soviet Bloc
.
Sino-Soviet Bloc
89.0
80.7
71.9
67.6
79.0
83.4
72.4
65.7
as a percent of
total exports
or imports
a. Data, by individual country for 1950 and 1955 are from official statistics of
the partner countries.
b. 1949, data.
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 Approved For Release 1999/09/27 : CIA-RDP79SO1046A000900060001-6
UNCLASSIFIED RUMANIA
Rumania: Commodity Composition of Foreign Trade a/
1950, 1956, and 1960
a. Percentage data for 1961, by commodity category, are not available.
Commodity Group
1950
1956
1960
Exports
Machinery, equipment, transportation
4.2
10.1
16.6
equipment, and tools
Raw materials, semifinished goods,
69.6
62.6
56.8
production materials, and fuels
Foodstuffs, including raw materials,
24.9
23.8
20.8
and livestock
Industrial consumer goods
1.3
3.5
5.8
Total
100.0
100.0
100.0
Imports
Machinery, equipment, transportation
37.1
20.5
32.5
equipment, and tools
Raw materials, semifinished goods,
51.9
68.2
57.2
production materials, and fuels
Foodstuffs, including raw materials,
0.8
6.9
5.1
and livestock
Industrial consumer goods
10.2
4.4
Total
100.0
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 Approved For Release 1999/09/27 : CIA-RDP79SO1046A000900060001-6
UNCLASSIFIED
APPENDIX
SOURCES FOR STATISTICAL DATA ON THE FOREIGN TRADE OF THE SOVIET BLOC
USSR The Foreign Trade of the USSR in 1961: A Statistical Survey.
Albania Statistical Yearbook for Albania, 1960.
Bulgaria Statisticheski spravochnik na N.R. Bulgariya (Statistical
Handbook of the Peoples Republic of Bulgaria), 1961.
Statisticheski godishnik (Statistical Yearbook), 1961.
Czechoslovakia Statisticka rocenka, CSSR (Statistical Yearbook, Czechoslo-
vakia), 1961.
Statisticke zpravy (Statistical Reports), No. 1 and No. 2,
1962.
Enclosure to Statisticke zpravy, Nos. 5-6, 1961.
East Germany Statistisches Jahrbuch der Deutschen Demokratischen Republik
(Statistical Yearbook, East Germany), 19627.
Hungary Statisztikai evkonyv (Statistical Yearbook), 1960.
Statisztikai havi kozlemenyek (Monthly Statistical Bulletins),
No. 7, 1960, and Nos. 2 and 12, 1962.
Kulkereskedelem, No. 3, 1962.
Statistical Pocket Book of Hungary, 1962.
Voprosy ekonomiki, August 1962.
Nepszabadsag, 19 January 1962.
Poland Rocznik statystyczny (Statistical Yearbook), 1961.
Statystyka handlu zagranicznego (Statistics of Foreign
Trade),, 1961.
Anuarul statistic al R.P.R. (Statistical Yearbook of Rumania),
1961.
Breviar statistic al R.P.R. (Statistical Summary of Rumania),
1962.
Communist China Statistics are based on data reported by Soviet Bloc trading
partners.
- 81 -
UNCLASSIFIED
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 Approved For Release 1999/09/27 : CIA-RDP79S01046A000900060001-6
CONFIDENTIAL
III
CONFIDENTIAL
Approved For Release 1999/09/27 : CIA-RDP79S01046A000900060001-6
 Analyst:
Approved For Release 4 4,; ~?I ?A/2 ,.
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Approved For Release 1999/09/27 : CIA-RDP79SO1046A000900060001-6