ESTIMATED FLOORSPACE OF KAZAN' AIRFRAME PLANT NO. 22

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP79S01046A000500100001-5
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 19
• Document Creation Date: November 9, 2016
• Document Release Date: December 2, 1998
• Sequence Number: 1
• Publication Date: November 12, 1957
• Content Type: REPORT

Approved For Release ;1 999/09/08 : CIA-RDP79SO1046A000500100001-5
N? 59
RESEARCH AID
ESTIMATED FLOORSPACE
OF KAZAN' AIRFRAME PLANT NO. 22
CIA/RR RA-21
12 November 1957
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
OFFICE OF RESEARCH AND REPORTS
Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP79SO1046A000500100001-5
 Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP79SO1046A000500100001-5
WARNING
This material contains information affecting
the National Defense of the United States
within the meaning of the espionage laws,
Title 18, USC, Sees. 793 and 794, the trans-
mission or revelation of which in any manner
to an unauthorized person is prohibited by law.
Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP79SO1046A000500100001-5
 Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP79S01046A000500100001-5
ESTIMATED FLOORSPACE OF KAZAN, AIRFRAME PLANT NO. 22
CIA/RR RA-21
(ORR Project 33.1735)
Office of Research and Reports
S -E -C -R -E -T
Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP79S01046A000500100001-5
 Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP79S01046A000500100001-5
FOREWORD
This research aid, one of a series evaluating current floorspace
of Soviet airframe plants of the Ministry of the Aviation Industry
(Ministerstvo Aviatsionnoy Promyshlennosti -- MAP), is based on
metrical analysis* of World War II German photography. Supplementary
intelligence data also have been used in an attempt to ascertain the
composition and functions of the individual plant buildings. An
effort has been made to determine the areas of the plant which are
multistory, and the latest information on new construction has been
included. This research aid will be reviewed and reissued periodically
to include new intelligence information as available.
Determination of measurements by the use of aerial photographs.
Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP79S01046A000500100001-5
 Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP79S01046A000500100001-5
S E -C -R-E -T
CONTENTS
Page
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1. Location . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
2. History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
3. Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
4. Final Assembly Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
5. New Construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Appendixes
Appendix A. Composition of the Floorspace of
Kazan' Airframe Plant No. 22 . . . . . 7
Appendix B. Methodology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Appendix C. Gaps in Intelligence . . . . . . . . . . 13
Appendix D. Source References . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Illustrations
Following Page
Figure 1. USSR: Vertical Photograph of Kazan'
Airframe Plant No. 22 . . . . . . . . . . 2
Figure 2. USSR: Layout of Kazan' Airframe
25X1 BOa Plant No. 22 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP79S01046A000500100001-5
 Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP79SO1046A000500100001-5
CIA/RR RA-21 S-E-C-R-E-T
(ORR Project 33.1735)
ESTIMATED FLOORSPACE OF KAZAN' AIRFRAME PLANT NO. 22*
Summary
Kazan' Airframe Plant No. 22 in the USSR is now located on the
site originally occupied by Airframe Plant No. 124, and until late
19+1 it was located in Moscow on the site presently occupied by
Moscow/Fill Airframe Plant No. 23. After Plant No. 22 was evacuated
to the Kazan' site, it was merged with Plant No. 124- but retained
the designation Airframe Plant No. 22. This plant currently has a
minimum of 3.3 million square feet (sq ft) of floorspace** and a
final assembly area of approximately 520,000 sq ft, or 16 percent***
of the total floorspace. The administration area of the plant com-
prises about 200,000 sq ft, or 6 percent of the total floorspace.
It is estimated that the plant has 180,000 sq ft of warehouse
area,**** approximately 5 percent of the total floorspace. There
are no reported basement areas within the plant. Analysis of current
ground photography reveals 160,000 sq ft of multistory area, approxi-
mately 5 percent of the total floorspace. New construction estimated
* Based on aerial photography. (See Figure 1, following p. 2.) J
(For serially numbered source references, see Appendix D.) The esti-
mates and conclusions contained in this research aid represent the
best judgment of ORR as of 15 September 1957.
** All figures dealing with square footage which are used in the
text of this research aid are rounded to two significant digits.
All percentages are computed with actual figures.
The term warehouse is applied to those buildings or areas within
the plant which have the primary functions of receiving materials
from external sources and of holding these materials in bulk quan-
tities for subsequent distribution to the processing points in the
plant.
The term storage areas is applied to those buildings or areas,
usually parts of buildings which have primary functions other than
storage, in which materials are stored or maintained for the direct
support of production or service activities. These areas normally
are located adjacent to the activities which they support, and they
receive their stores from plant warehouses.
Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP79SO1046A000500100001-5
 Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP79SO1046A000500100001-5
at 500,000 sq ft has been reported by reliable observers. The over-
all area of the plant is estimated to be 6 million sq ft with a
building density- of about 55 percent.
1. Location.
Kazan' Airframe Plant No. 22 (55052' N - 49008' E) is located in
the USSR in the northeast suburbs of Kazan' immediately adjacent to
Kazan' North Airfield. The plant is approximately 5.5 nautical miles
northeast of the confluence of the Volga and Kazanka Rivers.
2. History.
Kazan' Airframe Plant No. 22 originally was established in Moscow
on the present site of Moscow/Fili Airframe Plant No. 23. In late
1941, during the evacuation of Moscow, the plant was moved to its
present location and combined with Airframe Plant No. 124, which re-
portedly had existed since the early 1930's at Kazan' North Airfield.
The combined plants received the designation Airframe Plant No. 22,
which has been retained to the present time.
3. Description.
The plant site of Kazan' Airframe Plant No. 22 is rectangularly
shaped and occupies an area of approximately 6 million sq ft. The
longer axis of the site is oriented in a northeast-southwest direc-
tion (see Figures 1 and 2**).
Analysis of World War II German photography (see Figure 1) dated
July 1942 reveals a total estimated roof area of approximately 1.8
million sq ft. Available information indicates that as of July 1942
there were, in addition, a minimum of 200,000 sq ft of multistory
area enclosed within the plant. The total floorspace of the plant
at the end of World War II, therefore, is estimated to have been ap-
proximately 2 million sq ft.*
* The term building density represents the proportion of the total
roof area of an airframe plant to the total plant site expressed as a
percentage.
Following p. 2.
See Appendix. A.
Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP79SO1046A000500100001-5
 SE1CAved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP79S01046A000500100001-5 Figure 1
USSR: VERTICAL PHOTOGRAPH OF KAZAN' AIRFRAME PLANT NO. 22
SECRET
Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP79S01046A000500100001-5
 Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP79SO1046A000500100001-5
SECRET Figure 2
USSR: LAYOUT OF KAZAN' AIRFRAME PLANT NO. 22
NOT TO SCALE
180
17
2B
rrvfl
24
2A
23
fib6
2
022
20H
8
15
L---0-
-------------------
-----
---
21
7
3A
3B
10C
4B
14
10A
lOD
4A
IOB
5
l0E it
[~9 13
F- I New construction
L--J
1. Shop
8. Warehouse
15.
Administration
2. Shop
9. Warehouse
16.
Administration
2A. Shop
10A. Administration
17.
Warehouse
2B. Shop
10B. Administration
18.
Warehouse
3A. Shop
10C. Administration
19.
Warehouse
3B. Shop
10D. Administration
20.
Warehouse
4A. Shop
10E. Administration
21.
Warehouse
4B. Shop
11. Warehouse
22.
Warehouse
5. Shop
12. Warehouse
23.
Warehouse
6. Shop
13. Warehouse
24.
Shop
7. Warehouse
14. Warehouse
26275.2 10-57
SECRET
Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP79SO1046A000500100001-5
 Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP79SO1046A000500100001-5
An aerial sighting in January 1951 by a reliable observer re-
vealed a major expansion of Building No. 2.* / It is estimated
that approximately 900,000 sq ft of floorspace were added by this
expansion. The extent of this expansion required the removal of
Buildings Nos. 8, 15, 16, 17, 20, 21, 22, and 23, which had a total
floorspace of 9+,000 sq ft. In computing 1950 floorspace totals,
the floorspace of these eight buildings was subtracted from the
1942 totals and the floorspace of Buildings Nos. 2A and 2B was added
to the result.** This computation resulted in a 1950 floorspace
total of approximately 2.8 million sq ft.**
In 1953 the first reports were received of the construction of
a new, large building, Building No. 24, in the northwest section
of the plant site (see 5, below). / Progress in construction of
this building was reported several times during 195+-56. 4/ Com-
pletion of construction was reported in 1956, J and it is estimated
that at that time 500,000 sq ft of floorspace were added. The plant
includes approximately 200,000 sq ft of administration area, or
6 percent of the total floorspace, and 160,000 sq ft of multistory
area and 180,000 sq ft of warehouse area, each constituting approxi-
mately 5 percent of the total floorspace. The current total roof
area at Airframe Plant No. 22, therefore, is estimated to be 3.2
million sq ft and the total floorspace to be 3.3 million sq ft. With
a plant site of approximately 6 million sq ft, the plant has a build-
ing density of 55 percent.
The layout of Airframe Plant No. 22 deserves special attention.
It is unique among Soviet airframe plants in that most of the major
functions of the plant are contained under one roof. Also, the lay-
out of. the plant is modern even by Western standards. In several
important respects (size, layout, and type of construction) the plant
is quite similar to US aircraft plants.
Almost unlimited expansion of Airframe Plant No. 22 could be
effected on the east and north sides of the plant site. Several re-
ports have been received which indicate that a plant buildup of
undetermined proportions has been accomplished on the airfield north-
east of the plant site as depicted in Figure 1.***
* Building numbers refer to the designations in Figure 2, following
p. 2, above.
** See Appendix A.
* Following p. 2, above.
Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP79SO1046A000500100001-5
 Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP79SO1046A000500100001-5
The buildings of Airframe Plant No. 22 are constructed of steel
frame and reinforced concrete with some brick or stone. The plant is
served by several good roads, by a railroad spur of the Moscow-Kazan'-
Sverdlovsk Railroad, and by two Kazan' tram lines. Kazan' North Air-
field serves as a flyaway field for the plant.
4. Final Assembly Area.
The final assembly area of Kazan' Airframe Plant No. 22 cannot
be accurately identified from available information. It is estimated
that during World War II approximately two-fifths of the floorspace
of Building No. 2, or 260,000 sq ft, was utilized as a final assembly
area. 6 Since the expansion of this building, first reported in
1951, j/ it is believed that a final assembly area in the same posi-
tion as it appeared to be during World War II would, result in an
interrupted and inefficient assembly flow pattern. It is therefore
estimated that the final assembly area has been relocated, possibly
to the western-section of Building No. 2A. This section contains
approximately 520,000 sq ft, or 16-percent of the total floorspace.
Building No. 24, constructed between 1953 and 1956, has adequate
dimensions (estimated at 1,000 ft by 500 ft by 175 ft ?/).for a final
assembly area at Airframe Plant No. 22, and its proximity to'Building
No. 2A invites this conclusion. Supporting evidence-for such -a con-
clusion, however, cannot be gained from available intelligence, and
until such evidence becomes available, it is considered that Building
No. 24 is being utilized in an undetermined function, possibly re-
lated to postassembly.
5. New Construction.
For the purposes of this research aid, construction before 1950
is considered to be rehabilitation of World War II facilities. Con-
struction after 1950 is considered to be expansion of World War II
facilities and therefore "new construction." For this reason, Build-
ings Nos. 2A and 2B of Kazan' Airframe Plant No. 22, although con-
structed after World War II, are not considered to be "new construction."
An observation in November 1953 by a reliable source revealed sub-
stantial progress in the construction of a large, new building (No. 24)
in the northwest section of Airframe Plant No. 22 (see Figure 2*).
The source reported the building to be of "six-sectioned, heavy steel
* Following p. 2, above.
Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP79SO1046A000500100001-5
 Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP79SO1046A000500100001-5
girder construction about 100 ft in height and 180 to 200 yards in
length." In May 1954, another reliable source reported continuing
construction on this building, with a seventh section of the structure
added. 10 In November 1955 a third reliable source reported on the
advances in the construction of the building, there being 10 sections
to the building by this date. 11 In May 1956 a fourth reliable
source reported the completion of the building and estimated its
dimensions to be 1,000 ft in length, 500 ft in width, and 175 ft in
height. 12 These dimensions have been accepted in this research aid.
Because of a conflict in reports of the location of Building No. 24,
its exact location cannot be determined. An estimate of its location
is shown in Figure 2.* The function in which this building is being
utilized cannot be determined from available intelligence.
* Following p. 2, above.
Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP79SO1046A000500100001-5
 Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP79SO1046A000500100001-5
S-E-C-R-E-T
APPENDIX A
COMPOSITION OF THE FLOORSPACE OF KAZAN' AIRFRAME PLANT NO. 22 a/*
Footnotes for this appendix follow on p. 9.
Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP79SO1046A000500100001-5
 X1 BOa
Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP79SO1046A000500100001-5
Next 2 Page(s) In Document Exempt
Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP79SO1046A000500100001-5
 Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP79SO1046A000500100001-5
S-E-C-R-E-T
APPENDIX B
METHODOLOGY
_25X1X4
On the basis of available intelligence, an effort was made to
determine the function of each building in Kazan' Airframe Plant
No. 22, to identify multistory plant areas, and to account for new
plant construction. All buildings within the plant site, except
sheds with areas less than 1,000 sq ft, are listed in Appendix A.*
German vertical photographs of 19+2 were used to determine the
roof area and the physical layout of the plant. Metrical analysis
of this photography provided an estimate of the total roof area of
the plant. In the computation of this total, no allowance could be
made for multistory buildings. To compensate for this factor, in-
telligence information, consisting chiefly of prisoner-of-war
interrogations, was used. Although this category of information is
often considered unreliable, plausible data from this source were
used to determine the functions of the plant buildings and, in some
cases, to account for multistory areas. Whenever functions of build-
ings were unknown, the best judgment of the analyst was used to pro-
vide an estimate. Estimates of new construction are based on ob-
servations There is no reported evidence of multistory
areas within the new construction.
* P. 7, above.
Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP79SO1046A000500100001-5
 Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP79SO1046A000500100001-5
S-E-C-R-E-T
APPENDIX C
GAPS IN INTELLIGENCE
The accuracy of the estimates of the floorspace of Kazan' Air-
frame Plant No. 22 is impaired because of a paucity of information.
German vertical photographs of 19+2 are available, however, and
from these photographs the roof area as it was in 19+2 can be com-
puted. An aerial sighting of the plant in 1951 by a reliable ob-
server aided significantly in identifying a major addition to the
floorspace of the main plant building. The report of this observer
was used to refute information related to post-World War II con-
struction reported by several prisoners of war.
Since the 1951 aerial sighting, no other similar observations
have been reported by Western observers, and a lack of current ver-
tical photography precludes further study of the plant by this means.
Information provided by interrogations of German prisoner-of-
war returnees generally is fragmentary or conflicting with more re-
liable information. Little aid was obtained from these sources in
the preparation of this research aid.
Information pertaining to multistory areas within the plant is
virtually nonexistent. Because estimates of floorspace in multi-
story areas greatly affect the estimate of total floorspace, acquisi-
tion of this information is of prime importance. The lack of ground
oblique and vertical photographs taken since World War II hinders
analysis of post-World War II construction.
Details of the final assembly area and reliable information con-
cerning the composition of other essential buildings likewise are
not available.
Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP79SO1046A000500100001-5
 Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP79S01046A000500100001-5
S-E-C-R-E-T
APPENDIX D
SOURCE REFERENCES
Evaluations, following the classification entry and designated
"Eval.," have the following significance:
Source of Information
Doc. - Documentary
A - Completely reliable
B - Usually reliable
C - Fairly reliable
D - Not usually reliable
E - Not reliable
F - Cannot be judged
1 - Confirmed by other sources
2 - Probably true
3 - Possibly true
4 - Doubtful
5 - Probably false
6 - Cannot be judged
"Documentary" refers to original documents of foreign govern-
ments and organizations; copies or translations of such documents
by a staff officer; or information extracted from such documents
by a staff officer, all of which may carry the field evaluation
"Documentary."
Evaluations not otherwise designated are those appearing on
the cited document; those designated "RR" are by the author of
this research aid. No "RR" evaluation is given when the author
agrees with the evaluation on the cited document.
25X1A2g1
Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP79S01046A000500100001-5
 25X roved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP79S01046A000500100001-5
Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP79SO1046A000500100001-5
 Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP79SO1046A000500100001-5
SECRET
SECRET
Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP79SO1046A000500100001-5