THE IRON AND STEEL INDUSTRY OF CZECHOSLOVAKIA

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP79R01141A000600050001-8
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 92
• Document Creation Date: December 23, 2016
• Document Release Date: May 20, 2013
• Sequence Number: 1
• Publication Date: December 20, 1955
• Content Type: REPORT

Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/05/20:
CIA-RDP79R01141A000600050001-8
btLIML
ECONOMIC INTELLIGENCE REPORT
THE IRON AND STEEL INDUSTRY
OF CZECHOSLOVAKIA
CIA/RR 67
20 December 1955
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
OFFICE OF RESEARCH AND REPORTS
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/05/20:
CIA-RDP79R01141A000600050001-8
144
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/05/20:
CIA-RDP79R01141A000600050001-8
WARNING
This material contains information affecting
the National Defense of the United States
within the meaning of the espionage laws,
Title 18, USC, Secs. 793 and 794, the trans-
mission or revelation of which in any manner
to an unauthorized person is prohibited by law.
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/05/20:
CIA-RDP79R01141A000600050001-8
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/05/20:
CIA-RDP79R01141A000600050001-8
S-E-C-R-E-T
ECONOMIC INTELLIGENCE REPORT
TIE IRON AND STEEL INDUSTRY OF CZECHOSLOVAKIA
CIA/RR 67
(ORR Project 23.607)
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
Office of Research and Reports
S-E-C-R-E-T
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/05/20:
CIA-RDP79R01141A000600050001-8
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/05/20:
CIA-RDP79R01141A000600050001-8
S-E-C-R-E-T
FOREWORD
This report presents a comprehensive survey of the development of
the iron and steel industry of Czechoslovakia since World War II and
under a Communist-dominated government and assesses the present
position of the industry as a contributor to the economy of the Sino-
Soviet Bloc. Estimates of production and capacity cover the period
of the First Five Year Plan (1949-53) and 1954.
S-E-C-R-E-T
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/05/20:
CIA-RDP79R01141A000600050001-8
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/05/20:
CIA-RDP79R01141A000600050001-8
S-E-C-R-E-T
CONTENTS
Summary
Page
1
I.
Introduction
3
A.
Significance of the Industry
3
B.
History and Development
3
II.
Organization and Administration
6
A.
Organization
6
B.
Policies Affecting the Future of the Industry
7
III.
Production and Supply of Iron and Steel
8
A.
General
8
B.
Pig Iron and Scrap
8
1. Pig Iron
8
2. Scrap
12
C.
Crude Steel
12
D.
Finished Steel
17
E.
Alloy Steel
20
TV.
Production and Supply of Raw and Alloying Materials . .
22
A.
Basic Raw Materials
22
1.
General
22
2.
Iron Ore
22
3.
Manganese Ore
25
4.
Metallurgical Coke
27
5.
Limestone
32
B.
Alloying Materials
33
1.
General
33
2.
Ferromanganese
33
-v -
S-E-C-R-E-T
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/05/20:
CIA-RDP79R01141A000600050001-8
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/05/20
CIA-RDP79R01141A000600050001-8
S-E-C-R-E-T
Page
3. Ferrochromium 35
4. Ferrosilicon 35
5. Molybdenum 36
6. Titanium 39
7. Tungsten 39
8. Vanadium 40
9. Nickel 40
10. Cobalt 41
V. Foreign Trade 43
A. General 43
B. Geographical Distribution 43
C. Trade by Categories of Commodities 44
1. Metallurgical Coke 44
2. Semifinished and Finished Steel 45
3. Pig Iron and Scrap 45
VI., Distribution of Products 50
A. Pig Iron, Crude Steel, and Semifinished Steel 50
B. Rolled Steel Products 50
VII. Inventories and Stockpiles 51
VIII. Manpower and Costs and Values 52
A. Manpower 52
B. Costs and Values 53
IX. Technology, Quality, and Specifications 55
A. Technology 55
B. Quality 57
C. Specifications 57
X. Capabilities, Vulnerabilities, and Intentions 58
A. Capabilities 58
B. Vulnerabilities 58
C. Intentions 58
-vi -
S-E-C-R-E-T
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/05/20
CIA-RDP79R01141A000600050001-8
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/05/20:
CIA-RDP79R01141A000600050001-8
S-E-C-R-E-T
Appendixes
Page
Appendix A. First Five Year Plan (1949-53) for the
Metallurgical Industry in Czechoslovakia . ? ? ? 59
Appendix B. Ferrous Metallurgical Plants in Czechoslovakia -
,in 1954
Appendix C. Methodology
65
79
Tables
1. Production of Iron and Steel in Czechoslovakia, 1937
and 1954 5
2. Planned and Estimated Production of Pig Iron
in Czechoslovakia, 1949-54
3. Location and Capacity of Blast Furnaces in Czechoslovakia,
1954
)4. Consumption of Raw Materials in the Production of Steel
in Czechoslovakia, 1949-53 Plan and 1954 Estimate . . 13
5. Planned and Estimated Production of Crude Steel
in Czechoslovakia, 1949-54 13
6. Location and Capacity of Open-Hearth Furnaces
in Czechoslovakia, 1954 14
7. Planned and Estimated Production of Rolled Steel Products
in Czechoslovakia, 1911.9513 18
S-E-C-R-E-T
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/05/20:
CIA-RDP79R01141A000600050001-8
50X1
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/05/20:
CIA-RDP79R01141A000600050001-8
S-E-C-R-E-T
8. Estimated Production of Rolled Steel Products
in Czechoslovakia, by Type of Product, 1949
and 1954
Page
19
9. Planned and Estimated Production of Iron Ore
in Czechoslovakia, 1949-54 24
10. Estimated Supply of Iron Ore in'Czechoslovakia, 1949-54 . 26
11. Estimated Supply of Manganese Ore in Czechoslovakia,
1949-53 28
12. Planned and Estimated Production of Oven Coke
in Czechoslovakia, 1949-54 29
13. Estimated Production of Oven Coke in Czechoslovakia,
by Plant, 1950-54 30
14. Estimated Consumption of Limestone in the Iron and Steel
Industry of Czechoslovakia, 1949-54 32
15. Estimated Supply of Ferromanganese and Spiegeleisen
in Czechoslovakia, 1949-54 34
16. Estimated Imports of Chromium Ore by Czechoslovakia,
1949-54 36
17. Estimated Supply of Ferrochromium in Czechoslovakia,
1949-54 37
18. Estimated Supply of Ferrosilicon in Czechoslovakia,
1949-54 38
19. Imports of Nickel by Czechoslovakia, 1949-54 41
20. Estimated Supply of Cobalt in Czechoslovakia, 1949-54 ? ? 42
21. Estimated Exports of Metallurgical Coke by Czechoslovakia,
by Destination, 1950-54 46
S-E-C-R-E-T
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/05/20:
CIA-RDP79R01141A000600050001-8
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/05/20:
CIA-RDP79R01141A000600050001-8
S-E-C-R-E-T
Page
22. Estimated Imports and Exports of Semifinished
and Finished Steel by Czechoslovakia, by Origin
and Destination, 1953-54 48
23. Planned Distribution of Rolled Steel Products
in Czechoslovakia, 1949 and 1954 51
24. Manpower Plan for the Ministry of Metals and Ores
in Czechoslovakia, 1949-53 53
50X1
26. Planned Investments in Research and Development
in the Iron and Steel Industry of Czechoslovakia,
1949-53
27. Planned Investment Program for the ,Metallurgical Industry
in Czechoslovakia, 1949-53
28. Planned Production of the Metallurgical Industry
in Czechoslovakia, 1949-53
29. Value of Planned Production of the Metallurgical Industry
in Czechoslovakia, 1949-53
Illustrations
56
6o
63
Following, Page
Organization of the Czechoslovak Ministry of Metals
and Ores, 1954 (Chart) 6
Czechoslovakia: Iron and Steel Plants (Map) Inside
Back Cover
S-E-C-R-E-T
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/05/20:
CIA-RDP79R01141A000600050001-8
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/05/20:
CIA-RDP79R01141A000600050001-8
CIA/RR 67 S-E-C-R-E-T
(CRR Project 23.607)
TBE IRON AND STEEL INDUSTRY OF CZECHOSLOVAKIA*
Summary
The iron and steel industry of Czechoslovakia, operating at only
90 percent of capacity, produced 4.3 million metric tons** of crude
steel*** in 1954, an increase of 16 percent over production in 1953.
Productioh of crude steel in 1954 was 35 percent of the total pro-
duction of the European Satellites and 8 percent of thatof the
Soviet Bloc.
The most serious problem confronting the steel industry of Czecho-
slovakia,and the principal reason for its failure to meet production
quotas, is the procurement and processing of raw materials. Other
important factors influencing production include inefficient manage-
ment, from the Ministry of Metals and Ores down to the plant level;
low labor productivity; a shortage of skilled labor; and a high rate
of absenteeism among workers. As a result, the iron and steel indus-
try has been unable to accumulate operating reserves of either raw
materials or products.
In spite of failures to meet planned goals, Czechoslovakia ranks
on a par with the USSR as an exporter of finished steel, and the per
capita consumption of finished steel in Czechoslovakia is the highest
in the Sino-Soviet Bloc. In 1954, apparent consumption of finished
steel was 0.24 ton per capita; in the USSR, 0.15 ton; and in East
Germany, 0.14 ton. In 1953 the per capita consumption in the US was
0.49 ton.
Except for metallurgical coke and limestone, Czechoslovakia lacks
an adequate base of raw materials to support an iron and steel indus-
try. In 1954, indigenous production of low-grade iron ore satisfied
only 36 percent of total iron ore requirements and was supplemented
by imports of high-grade iron ore from the USSR, India, and Brazil.
* The estimates and conclusions contained in this report represent
the best judgment of ORE as of 1 August 1955.
** Tonnages are given in metric tons throughout this report.
*** Crude steel includes steel for ingots and steel for castings.-
S-E -C -R -E -T
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/05/20:
CIA-RDP79R01141A000600050001-8
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/05/20
IA-RDP79R01141A000600050001-8
S-E-C -R-E-T
Substantially all domestic iron ore and those Soviet ores that are of
unsatisfactory physical and chemical quality must undergo beneficiation
for blast-furnace use. Czechoslovak production of low-grade manganese
supplied 50 percent (on a metallic basis) of requirements, but all
high-grade manganese for the making of ferromanganese was imported.
Approximately 100 percent of the alloying materials was procured out-
side of Czechoslovakia. Diminishing supplies of iron and steel scrap
in relation to requirements have resulted in the decrease of scrap
used in open-hearth furnace charges from 38 percent in 1949 to 30 per-
cent in 1954. The shortage of scrap has emphasized the shortage of
pig iron.
Notwithstanding the underfulfillment of production quotas, exports
of steel.products have risen steadily. In 1954, Czechoslovakia ex-
ported about 400,000 tons of semifinished and finished steel products --
almost exclusively to Sino-Soviet Bloc countries instead of Western
countries, which formerly were major recipients. The 900,000 tons of
metallurgical coke exported in 1954 represented a major contribution
to consumers in East Germany and Hungary. On a cost basis these ex-
ports approximately balanced imports of the raw materials required by
the Czechoslovak iron and steel industry.
The iron and steel industry of Czechoslovakia is vulnerable not
only in its dependence on imports of raw material but also in its geo-
graphical concentration of production facilities. About 83 percent of
the industry's crude steel and 80 percent of its pig iron are produced
in 4 plants near Vitkovice and Trinec, and 58 percent of the industry's
electric-furnace steel is produced in the Poldina Plant at Kladno.
A decision of the government of Czechoslovakia to shift to a war-
time economy would not necessarily be reflected in the development of
the iron and steel industry. Efforts to strengthen the raw material
base and to increase production would be consistent with governmental
emphasis on heavy industry and with efforts to restore the industry
to its prewar level of quality.
- 2 -
S-E-C-R-E-T
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/05/20
CIA-RDP79R01141A000600050001-8
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/05/20:
CIA-RDP79R01141A000600050001-8
S-E-C-R-E-T
I. Introduction.
A. Significance of the Industry.
The iron and steel industry of Czechoslovakia provides a sub-
stantial base for a highly developed industrial economy. The industry
has the capacity to produce about 4.8 million tons of steel annually.*
Production in 1954 amounted to 4.3 million tons -- approximately 90
percent of capacity. Although 1954 production failed to meet the
plan goal, production of semifinished and finished steel provided a
0.24-ton per capita consumption for the country, the highest in the
Sino-Soviet Bloc, and at the same time provided substantial exports,
principally to other Sino-Soviet Bloc countries. Increased production
to meet economic plan targets more in line with the capabilities of
the iron and steel industry is largely dependent on improvement in
the procurement of raw materials.
B. History and Development.
In 1937, Czechoslovakia had a well established iron and steel
industry, dating from the mid-1850's, which had earned a world repu-
tation for quality products. As a result of boundary adjustments
made under the Munich Agreement of 30 September 1938, a small portion
of the Czechoslovak iron and steel industry was transferred to Polish
control. In the spring of 1939, Czechoslovakia was declared a German
protectorate, and the iron and steel industry was placed. under the
direction of the Hermann Goering Works. The Germans accelerated pro-
duction, added new equipment, and expanded existing facilities.
During World War II, little damage was sustained by the industry, but
under German operation equipment suffered from overexploitation and
lack of maintenance.
Czechoslovakia was "liberated" in May 1945, and the nationaliza-
tion of the steel industry was one of the principal goals of the newly
formed Czechoslovak government. All steel plants were placed under the
administration of the Czechoslovak Metallurgical Works, National Cor-
poration (Ceskeslovenske Hut, Narodni Podnik), a directorate in the
Ministry of Heavy Industry. 1/**
I
* Range of estimate: 4.7 to 5.1 million tons of crude steel capacity,
based on estimates of open-hearth and electric-furnace capacity con-
tained in detailed plant studies (see Appendix B).
50X1
- 3 -
S-E-C-R-E-T
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/05/20:
CIA-RDP79R01141A000600050001-8
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/05/20:
CIA-RDP79R01141A000600050001-8
S-E-C -R -E-T
The Two Year Economic Plan (1947-)-i-8) provided 3.9 billion
crowns (koruna) for investment in the iron and steel industry for
the rehabilitation of plants and for the purchase of equipment to
bring 1948 steel production up to the 1937 level. By the end of
December 1947, equipment valued at 2.5 billion crowns had been
ordered, but deliveries amounted to only 1 billion crowns. Under-
fulfillment of the investment plan was attributed to the delay in
the approval of operating construction plans; the difficulties
experienced in obtaining exports permits, particularly from Western
countries; and the shortage of construction materials within
Czechoslovakia. ,In spite of these difficulties, production of crude
steel in 1948 exceeded 2 million tons, an accomplishment which can
be attributed largely to the overexploitation of plant facilities.
The First Five Year Plan, which had a 1953 goal of 4.7 mil-
lion tons of crude steel, allotted 14.9 billion crowns for invest-
ment in the metallurgical industry.* Another breakdown of the in-
vestment fund of 14.9 billion crowns divided the amount into 13.5
billion crowns for development and 1.4 billion crowns for current
expenses. In addition to the 14.9 billion crowns, 400 million
crowns were provided in the allotment to the power industry for
investment in facilities at the iron and steel plants, and funds
for iron and steel foundries outside the jurisdiction of the metal-
lurgical industry were included in the investment plans for the
metals industry. 2/
Although the 5-year investment program consisted principally
of modernizing and expanding existing iron and steel plants, 2 new
steel plants were scheduled for construction during the 1949-53
period.
Work began at once in the Ostrava area on the construction
of the Klement Gottwald Steelworks at the site of a small pipe and
tube mill in Kuncice nad Ostravici. When it is completed, this
integrated plant will consist of 4 coke batteries with complete
byproduct recovery facilities, 4 blast furnaces, modern open-hearth
furnaces, and finishing facilities for a wide range of steel mill
products. Although the plant is partially in production, full
operation is not scheduled until some time during the?Second Five
Year Plan, which has not yet been announced.**
See Appendix A, Table 29, p. 63, below.
** For additional details, see Appendix B.
- 4 -
S-E-C-R-E-T
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/05/20:
CIA-RDP79R01141A000600050001-8
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/05/20:
CIA-RDP79R01141A000600050001-8
S-E-C-R-E-T
As a primary objective of plans to industrialize Slovakia, in
February 1951 the Central Committee of the Czechoslovak Communist
Party ordered the construction by 1960 of a steel plant at Kosice with
an annual capacity of 1.25 million tons. This plant, called Huko
Kombinat, was to operate principally upon Krivoy Rog iron ore from the
Ukraine supplemented by the low-grade Slovak ore. Building began in
the spring of 1951, but progress was was slow and was accompanied by
rumors of the abandonment of the project by the Ministry of Metals of
.and Ores. Construction was halted in late 1953, and although the
project may be reactivated at a later date, it is believed that the
lack of an economical raw material base, the absence of adequate
communications facilities, and the shortage of skilled labor in the
area have resulted in the elimination of the project.
The production of iron and steel in Czechoslovakia in 1937
and 1954 is shown in Table 1.
Table 1
Production of Iron and Steel in Czechoslovakia
1937 and 1954
Thousand Metric Tons
Product
1937 2/
1954
(Estimated)
Metallurgical coke
3,280
5,912 12/
Pig iron
1,675
2,800 2/
Crude steel
2,300
4,300 2/
Finished steel
1,570
3,100 12/
a. il
b. For Methodology, see Appendix C.
c. /i/
-5-
S-E-C-R-E-T
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/05/20:
CIA-RDP79R01141A000600050001-8
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/05/20:
CIA-RDP79R01141A000600050001-8
S-E-C-R-E7T
Although the First5Five Year Plan* terminated on 31 December
1953, no official announcements have been made of the Second Five Year
Plan. It is believed that a second plan, along with new plans of the
other Soviet Satellites, will be coordinated with the Soviet Sixth
Five Year Plan and will cover 1956-60. The intervening years, 1954
and 1955, are being used in preparation for Czechoslovak participation
in the Soviet over-all plan for the integration of the economies of
the Soviet Bloc.
II. Organization and Administration.
A. Organization.
The economy of Czechoslovakia is administered by a number of
ministries whose activities are coordinated by the Council of Ministers.
The industrial ministries do not have sole responsibility for the
industries under their jurisdiction and are restricted by limitations
of authority. Representatives of the State Planning Office and of the
Ministry of State Control, Soviet advisers, and Communist Party cadre
groups may all participate in the operation of a plant. Coordination,
planning, and production, therefore, are complicated and difficult. 2/
The iron and steel industry of Czechoslovakia is under the
administration of the Ministry of Metals and Ores, headed by
Josef Reitmajer. On 7 September 1951 a major reorganization resulted
in the division of the Ministry of Heavy Industry into five new
ministries: the Ministry of Heavy Engineering, the Ministry of General
Engineering, the Ministry of Fuels and Power, the Ministry of Chemicals,
and the Ministry of Metals and Ores. These new organizations rep-
resented, for the most part, the elevation of several main adMinistra-
tions of the Ministry of Heavy Industry to the status of full
ministries. At the same time, a new administration, the Ministry of
State Control, was created to check upon the performance of a minister
uT the execution of his responsibilities by verifying his adherence to
laws, regulations, 6.nd orders and examining his disbursement of funds
and allocation of materials. Y
The organization of the Czechoslovak Ministry of Metals and
Ores in 1954 is shown in the accompanying chart.**
* For planned production targets of the First Five Year Plan, in
tons and in value, see Appendix A, Tables 28 and 29, pp. 61 and 63,
below, respectively.
** Following p. 6.
- 6 -
S-E-C-R-E-T
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/05/20:
CIA-RDP79R01141A000600050001-8
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/05/20: CIA-RDP79R01141A000600050001-8
1
SECRET
ORGANIZATION OF THE CZECHOSLOVAK MINISTRY
OF METALS AND ORES, 1954
COUNCIL
OF MINISTERS
MINISTRY OF METALS
AND ORES
Josef Reitmajer, Minister
Main
Administration of
Foundries
25050 12-55
1
Main
Administration of
Refined Steels and
Ferroalloys
Main
Administration
of Specialized
Products
Main
Administration
of Geological
Research
1
Main
Administration of
Working of
Nonferrous Metals
SECRET
1
Main
Administration of
Nonferrous
Metal Mines
Main
Administration
of Sales
I
Main
Administration of
Iron Ore Mines
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/05/20: CIA-RDP79R01141A000600050001-8
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/05/20:
CIA-RDP79R01141A000600050001-8
S-E-C-R-E-T
B. Policies Affecting the Future of the Industry.
The iron and steel industry of CzechosldVakia has not been
affected significantly by the 1954 Soviet policy of emphasis on the
production of consumer goods. The underfulfillment of plans in the
production of iron and steel products in the last 3 years has been
the result of failures to procure adequate supplies of raw materials,
inefficient planning and mana8ement, and a lack of competent per-
sonnel rather than the result of ordered reductions in output and
investments in line with the "new course." Unlike the other
European Satellites, particularly East Germany and Hungary,
Czechoslovakia has placed very little stress on production of con-
sumer goods. It is too early to predict Czechoslovak reaction to
the early 1955 announcement that the USSR has reverted to strong
emphasis on heavy industry. In any event, acceleration in pro-
duction by the iron and steel industry in Czechoslovakia will require
more efficient use of equipment, more raw materials, and more
efficient operation of the industry. //
Long-range Soviet plans include the integration of the
Czechoslovak iron and steel industry with those of the other Sino-
Soviet Bloc countries. As.early as January 1948, agreements were
concluded between Czechoslovakia and other European Satellites for
the coordination of the industries. To date, this policy has
resulted principally in the formation of Committees for Scientific
and Technical Collaboration, which have sponsored the .exchange of
workers and technicians for training purposes in steel plants and
the exchange of results of experimental research at the ministerial
and plant levels. Soviet plans, however, include the complete
integration of the steel industries of the European Satellites, with
the purpose of eliminating the duplication of these industries and
fostering the specialization of each industry on that branch of
production that it could develop most economically. These long-
range plans will be developed through the centralization under Soviet
,control of the procurement and allocation of raw materials, the
standardization of all products according to Soviet GOST specifications,
and the specialization of products by country. ?/
- 7 -
S-E-C-R-E-T
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/05/20:
CIA-RDP79R01141A000600050001-8
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/05/20:
CIA-RDP79R01141A000600050001-8
S-E-C-R-E-T
0
III. Production and Supply of Iron and Steel.
A. General.
Czechoslovakia has the capacity to produce approximately 3
million tons of pig iron and 4.8 million tons of crude steel annually
and has finishing facilities for the production of all standard types
of steel products. Shortages and the irregularity of deliveries of
quality iron ore and steel scrap, inefficient management, a shortage
of skilled labor, low labor productivity, and the high rate of
absenteeism of workers are all important factors contributing to the
failure of the iron and steel industry to fulfill production plans.
Although efforts to obtain additional supplies of steel in Free
World markets have been largely unsuccessful, substantial exports of
semifinished and finished steel products are maintained, principally
to Sino-Soviet Bloc countries.
B. Pig Iron and Scrap.
1. Pig Iron.
Czechoslovak blast furnaces have the capacity to produce
3 million tons of pig iron a year. Since 1952, however, production
has not met planned targets, and failures to fulfill planned goals
in the production of crude steel and semifinished and finished steel
products have resulted. The 1954 target was 3 million tons of pig
iron, but production reached only about 2.8 million tons, 93 per-
cent of the plan. Czechoslovak failure to meet goals for the
production of pig iron can be attributed largely to the shortage of
iron ore. Imports of pig iron to supplement the lagging production
have been insignificant, probably because of a general shortage of
pig iron within the Sino-Soviet Bloc. Planned and estimated pro-
duction of pig iron in Czechoslovakia in 1949-54 are shown in Table 2.*
At the end of 1954 there were 21 blast furnaces in
operation in Czechoslovakia, with the largest concentration in Moravia.**
The location and capacity of blast furnaces in Czechoslovakia in 1954
are shown in Table 3.*
* Tables 2 and 3 follow on p. 9.
** See the map, Czechoslovakia: Iron and Steel Plants, inside back
cover.
- 8 -
S-E-C-R-E-T
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/05/20:
CIA-RDP79R01141A000600050001-8
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/05/20:
CIA-RDP79R01141A000600050001-8
S-E-C-R-E-T
Table 2
Planned and Estimated Production of Pig Iron in Czechoslovakia
1949-54
Thousand Metric Tons
Production 1949 1950 1951 1952 1953 1954
Planned 1,865 2/ 1,890.21 1,905 2,/ 2,360 2/ 2,725 2/ 3,000 12/
Estimated s/ 1,800 1,900 1,950 2,300 2,500 2,800
a. 2/
c. For methodology, see Appendix C.
Table 3
Location and Capacity of Blast Furnaces in Czechoslovakia 21*
1954
Furnaces Estimated
Annual
Daily Capacity Capacity
per Furnace (Thousand Metric
Plant Location and Name Number (Metric Tons) Tons)
Bohemia
Kraluv Dvur Ironworks,
Kraluv Dvur
Konev Steel Plant,
Kladno
Moravia
Klement Gottwald Steel-
works, Kuncice nad
Ostravici
L.
2
* Footnotes for Table 3 follow on p. 10.
- 9 -
S-E-C-R-E-T
275
130
200
138
272
700 476
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/05/20:
CIA-RDP79R01141A000600050001-8
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/05/20:
CIA-RDP79R01141A000600050001-8
S-E-C-R-E-T
Table 3
Location and Capacity of Blast Furnaces in Czechoslovakia 2/
1954
(Continued)
Furnaces
Estimated
Annual
Daily Capacity
per Furnace
Capacity
(Thousand Metric
Plant Location and Name
Number
(Metric Tons y
Tons)
Moravia (Continued)
V.M. Molotov Ironworks,
Trinec
1
270
996 to 1,112
1
225
1
325
1
650
2
730 to 900
Vitkovice Ironworks,
Vitkovice
1
350
858
1
375
3
600
Slovakia
Sverma Ironworks,
Podbrezova
1
N.A.
100
Tisovec Blast Furnace
Plant, Tisovec
1
N.A.
4o
Total
21 8,060 to 8,L00 2/ 2,880 to 2,996
a. For methodology, see Appendix C.
b. Pig iron tapacity.
c. Excludes capacity of the Sverma Ironworks and the Tisovec Blast
Furnace Plant.
- 10 -
S-E-C-R-E-T
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/05/20:
CIA-RDP79R01141A000600050001-8
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/05/20:
CIA-RDP79R01141A000600050001-8
S-E-C-R-E-T
Blast furnaces in Czechoslovakia, for the most part, are
modern and of conventional European design. Daily capacities range
from 130 to 900 tons. Furnaces in operation before World War II,
except for those in Slovakia, have been rebuilt and modernized, and
at least three new blast furnaces have been constructed since the
government assumed control over the industry. Two of the new
furnaces were installed at the Klement Gottwald Steelworks and one
at the V.M. Molotov Iron works at Trinec.
Blast furnaces produce all common grades of pig iron.
Of total production, approximately 75 percent is the grade used for
the 'making of basic steel in open-hearth furnaces, 15 to 20 percent
is high-phosphorous pig iron for conversion to steel by the Thomas
process, and 10 percent is of foundry grade for the making of
castings in foundries located within steel plants and in the
numerous gray iron foundries scattered throughout Czechoslovakia.
Immediate plans for increasing production of pig iron
appear to be limited to the construction of two additional blast
furnaces at the Klement Gottwald Steelworks at KUncice nad Ostravici.
These furnaces will add an estimated 475,000 tons annually to pig
iron capacity by late 1956 or early 1957, doubling the capacity of
the plant.
Plans announced in the early years of the First Five
Year Plan for the construction of blast furnaces in Slovakia would
have added approximately 1.5 million tons of capacity, but those
plans are not being implemented and probably have been abandoned.
The plans included a blast furnace at the Stalin Heavy Machinery
Plant in Turciansky Svaty Martin, which was to-have an annual
capacity of 175,000 tons; 8 blast furnaces at the Huko Kombinat
in Kosice, which were to have an annual capacity of 1 million tons;
and a new blast furnace at the Tisovec Blast Furnace Plant. At one
'time it was announced that as part of the Second Five Year Plan,
there was to be built in the vicinity of Zilina, a new steel com-
bine which would have an annual pig-iron capacity of 600,000 to
800,000 tons. There has been no recent information on the imple-
mentation of this plan. 11/
S-E-C-R-E-T
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/05/20:
CIA-RDP79R01141A000600050001-8
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/05/20:
CIA-RDP79R01141A000600050001-8
S-E-C-R-E-T
2. Scrap.
The shortage of iron and steel scrap in Czechoslovakia has
been another important factor in the failure of the steel industry to
meet its production quotas. Scrap supplies were adequate in the years
immediately following World War II. In 1948, however, the shortage
began to be felt, largely as a result of heavy exports of steel mill
products and manufactured items, and scrap collection agencies were
set up throughout the country. By 1952 the shortage was critical,
and intensive collection drives, including house-to-house canvasing
by school children, were inaugurated. As the shortage grew more
acute, charges of raw materials in open-hearth furnaces were changed,
pig iron inputs increasing from approximately 54 percent in 1949 to
60 percent in 1954 and the scrap charge declining from approximately
38 percent in 1949 to 30 percent in 1954. Attempts to relieve the
scrap shortage by importing scrap iron and steel from the USSR have
not been successful. Consumption of raw materials in the production
of steel in Czechoslovakia, 1949-53 plan and 1954 estimate, is shown
in Table 4.* Table 4 also illustrates the anticipated shortage of
iron and steel scrap in the Czechoslovak steel industry.
C. Crude Steel.
Steel production in Czechoslovakia met economic plan goals
until 1953. It is estimated that in 1953 production fell short of the
target by approximately 1 million tons and in 1954 by 600,000 tons.
Failures to meet quotas in 1953 and 1954 can be attributed principally
to the lag in production of pig iron and to the acute shortage of iron
and Steel scrap rather than to a lack of. steelmaking capacity. Only
an insignificant amount of crude steel is imported. Planned and
estimated production of crude steel in Czechoslovakia in 1949-54 is
shown in Table 5.*
Czechoslovakia has the furnace capacity to produce approxi-
mately 4.8 million tons of crude steel annually. Of this total,
approximately 250,000 to 275,000 tons consist of electric furnace
capacity, largely concentrated in Moravia, particularly.in the
Moravska-Ostrava area. Compared with those in the US and the USSR,
open-hearth furnaces in Czechoslovakia are small, and only a few
furnaces have capacities of from 220 to 250 tons.**
* Tables 4 and 5 follow on p. 13.
** Continued on p. 16.
- 12 -
S-E-C-R-E-T
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/05/20:
CIA-RDP79R01141A000600050001-8
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/05/20:
CIA-RDP79R01141A000600050001-8
S-E-C-R-E-T
Table 4
Consumption of Raw Materials in the Production of Steel
in Czechoslovakia
1949-53 Plan and 1954 Estimate
Percentage of Total Charge
Plan 2/ Estimate 12/
Raw Material 1949 1950 1951 1952. 1953 1954
Pig iron 54.1 54.2 53.5 56.8 58.6 60.0
Iron and steel scrap 37.8 37.7 38.3 343 32.1 30.0
Ferroalloys 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.4
Iron ore 6.7 6.7 6.8 7.5 8.0 8.6
Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
a. 12/
b. LI
Table 5
Planned and Estimated Production of Crude Steel
in Czechoslovakia
1949-54
Thousand Metric Tons
Production 1949 19(1) 1951 1952 1,953 1954
Planned 2,650 2/ 2,680 2/ 2,750 2/ 3,160 21 4,700 2/ 4,900 12/
Estimated 2,700 2/ 2,750 2/ 2,800 s/ 3,200 2/ 3,700 2/ 4,300 1/
a. 1_/
b. 1
c. For methodology, see Appendix C.
d.
- 13 -
S-E-C-R-E-T
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/05/20:
CIA-RDP79R01141A000600050001-8
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/05/20:
CIA-RDP79R01141A000600050001-8
S-E-C-R-E-T
The location and capacity of open-hearth furnaces in Czecho-
slovakia in 1954 are shown in Table 6.
Table 6
Location and Capacity of Open-Hearth Furnaces in Czechoslovakia
1954
Plant Location and Name
Bohemia
Ceskamoravska-Kolben-
Danek, Stalingrad
Heavy Equipment
Plant, Prague
Gustav Klimentis Iron-
Furnaces 21* Estimated
Annual
Capacity Capacity 12/
per Furnace (Thousand Metric
Number (Metric Tons) Tons)
N .A . N.A. N.A.
works, Hradek
3
30
87.8
Konev Steel Plant,
Kladno
6
30
433.6
1
6o
5
N.A.
Bessemer
V.I. Lenin Machine
Building Plant,
Pilsen
2
15
258.4
2
30
1
35
1
14.0
2
50
Poldina Steel Plant,
Kladno
9 to 12
N .A .
150.0
May Day Steel Plant,
Most
3
4o
117.0
* Footnotes for Table 6 follow on p. 16.
-14-
S-E-C-R-E-T
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/05/20:
CIA-RDP79R01141A000600050001-8
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/05/20:
CIA-RDP79R01141A000600050001-8
S-E-C-R-E-T
Table 6
Location and Capacity of Open-Hearth Furnaces in Czechoslovakia
1954
(Continued)
Furnaces 2/ Estimated
Annual
Capacity Capacity 12/
per Furnace (Thousand Metric
Plant Location and Name Number (Metric Tons) Tons)
Moravia
First Brno and Kralovo
Pole Engineering
Works, Brno N.A.
Gustav Klimentis Wire
and Cable Factory,
Nosy Bohumin 6
Small
N.A. N.A.
N.A. 110.0 to 125.0
Klement Gottwald
Steel Works, Kuncice
nad Ostravici 4 220 to 250 572.0 to 650.0
V.M. Molotov Ironworks
Trinec 1 20 to 25 1,081.0 to 1,211.0
5 45 to 50
2 65 to 70
2 100 to 120
5 120 to 140
2 150
Storek Krenovo
Machine Building
Plant, Brno 3 N.A.
Small
Vitkovice Ironworks,
Vitkovice
N.A.
1 30 to 40 1,416.9 to 1,616.7
2 35 to 40
1 4o to 45
1 120 to 140
1 140 to 160
1 160 to 180
1 200 to 225
6 220 to 250
- 15 -
S-E-C-R-E-T
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/05/20:
,CIA-RDP79R01141A000600050001-8
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/05/20
CIA-RDP79R01141A000600050001-8
S-E-C-R-E-T
Table 6
Location and Capacity of Open-Hearth Furnaces in Czechoslovakia
1954
(Continued)
Furnaces W Estimated
'Annual
Capacity Capacity h/
per Furnace (Thousand Metric
Plant Location and Name Number (Metric Tons) Tons)
Slovakia
Sverma Ironworks,
Podbrezova 5
K.Ye. Voroshilov
Armaments Plant,
Dubnica nad Vahom 1
Total 8?5 to 88 21
15
195.0
14.6
4,46.3 to 4,859.1
a. Open-hearth unless otherwise indicated.
b. Crude steel capacity. For methodology, see Appendix C.
c. Includes 5 Bessemer converters.
In addition to open-hearth furnaces and Bessemer converters,
there are in Czechoslovakia approximately 50 electric furnaces. Except
for one 30- to 40-ton electric furnace at the Vitkovice Ironworks, these
electric furnaces vary from 3 to 10 tons in capacity and produce
approximately 250,000 to 275,000 tons of electric-furnace steel annually.
They are located in 27 steel foundries, some of which are within steel
plants. Most of the furnaces, however, are in steel foundries of
manufacturing plants.*
* For details, see Appendix B.
-16-
S-E-C-R-E-T
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/05/20
CIA-RDP79R01141A000600050001-8
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/05/20:
CIA-RDP79R01141A000600050001-8
S-E-C-R-E-T
No plans are being Implemented for the immediate expansion .of
steelmaking facilities in Czechoslovakia. Czechoslbvak planners
probably are concerned with methods for raising prOduction of steel
to a total more in line with capacity. It is possible that additional
electric furnaces will be added to manufacturing plants under the
administration of the Ministry of Heavy Engineering, and three snail
open-hearth furnaces may be built in Slovakia at the Stalin Heavy
Machinery Plant in Turciansky Svaty Martin, also under the Ministry
of Heavy Industry. The construction of the Huko Kombinat at Kosice
in eastern Slovakia, which was scheduled for completion in 1960 with
an annual capacity of 1.25 million tons of steel, has been abandoned.
The Second Five Year Plan, when announced, may possibly contain funds
for the completion of the Huko Kombinat and for the construction of
a new steel combine near Zilina, also in Slovakia, with a planned
capacity of 600,000 to 800,000 tons of steel. It is doubtful, how-
ever, that any new construction will be undertaken until existing
capacities are utilized more fully. 1//
D. Finished Steel.
Planned goals for finished steel were fulfilled from 1949
through 1952, and production provided for the export of approxi-
mately 200,000 tons each year in addition to domestic consumption.
Failure to meet planned goals in 1953 and 1954 has resulted in
shortages at domestic plants consuming steel, but exports were
maintained in increasing amounts and rose to an estimated 390,000
tons in 1954. Small quantities of finished steel are Imported,
principally from Austria, West Germany, Belgium-Luxembourg, and
Norway.
Authoritative information on plans and production of finished
steel is limited. Data on plans and production are notably incomplete
for steel foundries in fabricating plants outside the jurisdiction of
the Ministry of Metals and Ores. Information on rolled steel products,,
however, is fairly conclusive. Planned and estimated production of
rolled steel products in Czechoslovakia in 1949-54 is shown in
Table 7.*
* Table 7 follows on p. 18.
-17-
S-E-C-R-E-T
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/05/20:
CIA-RDP79R01141A000600050001-8
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/05/20
CIA-RDP79R01141A000600050001-8
S-E-C-R-E-T
Table 7
Planned and Estimated Production of Rolled Steel Products
In Czechoslovakia
1949-54
Thousand Metric Tons
Production 1949 1950 1951 1952 1953 1954
Planned 1,645 2./ 1,664 W 1,664 W 1,920 W 2,726W 12/ 3,300 2/
Estimated 1/ 1,600 1-,700 1,700 1,900 2,100 2,500
a. 1..&
b. This is a revision of the original plan figure of 2,074,000 metric tons.
c. 12/
d. 22/. The planned percentages of rolled products to crude steel pro-
duction were as follows: 1949 and 1950, 61 percent; 1951 and 1952, 60
percent; 1953, 58 percent. The 1953 percentage was adopted for 1954.
Percentages were applied to estimated crude steel production. The
resulting estimates were rounded to two significant figures.
Estimated production of rolled steel products in Czechoslovakia by type
of product, in 1949 and 1954 is shown in Table 8.*
Although Czechoslovakia converts about the same percentage of
crude steel into sheets and strip as the USSR and East Germany (14.9,
15, and 13.8 percent, respectively), this production must have been
inadequate, because the Czechoslovaks attempted to procure from the US
a hot strip mill for the V.M. Molotov Ironworks in Trinec. Shipment
of this mill was embargoed, and as yet a replacement has not been
provided. As equipment of this type also can produce light armor and
ship plates, emphasis on these products may be a reflection of the
requirements of the Czechoslovak armaments industry as well as of
export commitments to East Germany and the USSR.
Finished steel, including castings, forgings, and rolled
products, is produced in 33 plants in Czechoslovakia. Of these plants,
16 are under the administration of the Ministry of Metals and Ores, and
* Table 8 follows on P. 19.
-18-
S-E-C-R-E-T
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/05/20
CIA-RDP79R01141A000600050001-8
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/05/20:
CIA-RDP79R01141A000600050001-8
S-E-C-R-E-T
Table 8
Estimated Production of Rolled Steel Products
in Czechoslovakia, by Type of Product
1949 and 1954
Type of Product
Percent of Toal
Production
Production
(Thousand Metric Tons)
1949 12/
1954 12Z.
Bars
11.0
180
280
Structurals
28.7
460
720
Rails and accessories
12.2
200
300
Plate
7.8
120
200
Sheet
11.9
190
300
Tinplate
0.4
6
10
Strip
3.0
48
75
Pipes and tubes
11.2
180
280
Wire rod and wire
13.8
220
340
Total
100.0
i,600
2,500
a. Percentage distribution derived from 1949 plan. El/
b. Derived by applying 1949 percentages to estimated 1954 total pro-
duction of rolled steel products (see Table 7, p. 18, above). Figures
are rounded to two significant figures.
17 are steel foundries under the direction of the Ministry of Heavy
Engineering. Four plants under the Ministry of Metals and Ores are
estimated to produce 70 percent of the finished steel made in
Czechoslovakia. These four plants -- the Klement Gottwald Steel-
works at Kuncice nad Ostravici, the Konev Steel Plant at Kladno, the
V.M. Molotov Ironworks at Trinec, and the Vitkovice Ironworks at
Vitkovice -- are the largest steel plants in Czechoslovakia.*
* For descriptions of finishing facilities installed in the individual
plants, see Appendix B.
-19-
S-E-C-R-E-T
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/05/20:
CIA-RDP79R01141A000600050001-8
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/05/20:
CIA-RDP79R01141A000600050001-8
S-E-C-R-E-T
Before World War II, rolling mill equipment installed in steel
plants in Czechoslovakia generally was of German design. Mills were
operated expertly, the rate of rejects was low, and Czechoslovak
finished steel products, even though output was small compared with
that of other steel-producing countries, enjoyed a world reputation for
quality. Under German operation of the industry during World War II,
considerable modernization of facilities was accomplished, and a cold
strip mill and a pipe and tube mill were tidded. Since the nationali-
zation of the steel plants the government has continued mechanization
and modernization of equipment and has added a number of new rolling
mills and finishing facilities, including a blooming mill, 2 plate
mills, a section mill, 2 sheet and strip mills, a cold strip mill, a
rod mill, 2 wire mills, 2 seamless tube mills, and 2 cold pipe drawing
shops.
Plans for the expansion and development of steel-finishing
facilities in Czechoslovakia have not been announced but probably will
be included in the Second Five Year Plan. Although the project to
build an integrated steel plant at Kosice, Slovakia, has been abandoned,
it is possible that the construction of the Huko Kombinat will be re-
sumed at a later date and that the blooming mill, a continuous billet
mill, and a structural mill will be provided. 22/
E. Alloy Steel.
Before World War II, Czechoslovakia was known throughout the
world as a producer of alloy steel. The Poldina Steel Plant, which
has been operating in Kladno since 1889, was engaged exclusively in
the manufacture of high?quality alloys. Through the development of
many new specialty steels, some before World War I, and the establish-
ment of a global network of sales representatives and warehouses, the
firm became a symbol of excellence in alloy steel technology.
During World War II, great changes took place in the quality
and variety of alloy steels produced in Czechoslovakia, not only in
those produced by the Poldina plant but by other plants as well.
These changes were the result of a scarcity of alloying metals re-
quired for the production of alloy steel. Of necessity, carbon steels
and steels slightly "alloyed" with silicon and manganese were sub-
stituted for alloy construction grades. 2.3/ The limited stocks of the
more important ferroalloys were used only in alloying steels intended
for critical service applications and for tool steels, the quality of
which was maintained at high levels throughout most of the war.
- 20 -
S-E-C-R-E-T
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/05/20:
CIA-RDP79R01141A000600050001-8
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/05/20:
CIA-RDP79R01141A000600050001-8
S-E-C-R-E-T
In the interim period between the end of the war and the Com-
munist coup, Czechoslovak alloy steel producers made a vigorous effort
to reestablish prewar raw material sources and markets. Gradually pre-
1939 standards of quality were regained, and following the shift of
Czechoslovak industry to peacetime production, the output of alloy
steels began to rise. 2
Under Communist pressures, the Poldina plant again was
supplying a large share of the alloy steel requirements of Czechoslovak
manufacturers by 1949 and was beginning to export specialized alloys
and manufactured products to the USSR. The Poldina plant was working
at a near-capacity rate of 100,000 tons per year by 1951 and was the
principal plant producing alloy steels for the market. 2g Other con-
cerns that have electric furnaces -- the V.I. Lenin Machine Building
Plant at Pilsen and the Vitkavice Ironworks, for example -- were
producing some tool steels, armor castings, heat-resistant alloys, and
other steels for arms and machinery, chiefly for use in their own
manufactured products.
Despite full-capacity production the output of the alloy steel
producers in Czechoslovakia apparently was insufficient in 1952 to meet
both the rising alloy needs of Czechoslovak industry and export com-
mitments. Shortages of certain ferroalloying materials, chiefly
tungsten, molybdenum, cobalt, nickel, and vanadium, were acute thrr-ugh-
out the industry. To insure the most economical utilization of avail-
able alloying materials, .21/ it was necessary to change specifications
and to reduce the variety of alloys produced. As conservation efforts
became mandatory, 2.8./the production of alloyed construction steel in
1952 dropped from 78 types to only 28. In early March 1951, all
consumers were ordered to report to the Ministry of Industry the extent
of their inventories of cobalt- and tungsten-containing steels and as
of that time none of these steels was to be used without the consent
of the National Defense Ministry. 227
Information about present conditions within the alloy steel
producing industry is lacking, but annual production of electric fur-
nace steel in Czechoslovakia is estimated to be from 250,000 to 275,000
tons, most of which is believed to be alloy steels. The evidence
indicates that Czechoslovakia produces a wide range of alloy and stain-
less steels similar to those produced in the US. Ferroalloy supply
problems appear to be decreasing because of increased imports,
expanding Czechoslovak ferroalloy production, and progress in the
manufacture of specialized alloying materials. Alloy producers,
-21-
S-E-C-R-E-T
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/05/20:
CIA-RDP79R01141A000600050001-8
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/05/20
CIA-RDP79R01141A000600050001-8
S-E-C-R-E-T
however, continue to have difficulties in obtaining some ferroalloying
materials; Czechoslovak technical literature makes continual reference
to alloy conservation and substitution measures.
In time of emergency the existing installations of the
Czechoslovak steel industry, if provided adequate quantities of
alloying materials, could increase substantially the alloy steel supply
of the Soviet Bloc. The level of technical competence is high, many
steel plants have had experience in the production of alloys during
the past 20 years, well-equipped laboratories are in operation, and
Czechoslovak metallurgists follow closely the latest developments in
Western metallurgical technology.
IV. Production and Supply of Raw and Alloying Materials.
A. Basic Raw Materials.
1. General.
Of the basic raw materials required by the iron and steel
industry, Czechoslovakia is self-sufficient only in metallurgical coke
and limestone. Production of iron ore and manganese must be heavily
supplemented by imports.
With large reserves of coalsuitable for making metallurgical
coke and a modern and efficient coke industry, Czechoslovakia not only
satisfies domestic blast-furnace requirements for coke but also pro-
duces a large surplus for export. Limestone deposits are adequate and
are located within easy hauling distances of iron and steel plants.
Iron ore reserves, although extensive, are limited to low-grade ores,
and production supplies only 27 percent of the iron requirements of
the metallurgical industry. To supplement output, high-grade iron ore
is imported from the USSR, India, and Brazil, sources which have re-
placed Sweden, the chief prewar supplier. The mining of low-grade
manganese supplies about 50 percent of the requirements for manganese
and is augmented by imports, principally from the Soviet Bloc.
2. Iron Ore.
Although the iron ore reserves of Czechoslovakia are the
largest in the European Satellites, the ore is generally of low grade.
The average ore mined contains approximately 34 percent iron; the
bulk of output requires beneficiation to provide a satisfactory
- 22 -
S-E-C-RTE-T
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/05/20
CIA-RDP79R01141A000600050001-8
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/05/20:
CIA-RDP79R01141A000600050001-8
S-E-C-R-E-T
furnace charge. El Because of the unsatisfactory quality and the
high cost of production of domestic ores, the Czechoslovak iron and
steel industry has depended heavily on imports of high-grade foreign
ores to meet its growing requirements.
Reserves of iron ore in Czechoslovakia are estimated at
400 million tons, nearly 200 years' supply at the present rate of
exploitation. 31/ The failure to implement a major expansion of iron
ore production is caused by economic considerations of quality and
position of the ore bodies rather than by any quantitative deficiency.
Not only does the ore have low iron and high silica content but also
the principal deposits must be mined underground. The rate of pro-
duction of iron ore in Czechoslovakia in 1949, 0.1 ton per man-hour
as compared with 1.7 tons per man-hour in the US in the same year,
indicates that ore from foreign sources, when available at reason-
able prices, is a far more economical blast-furnace feed than is the
domestic product. 2/
The principal iron ore mines ir Czechoslovakia are
situated in eastern Slovakia and in Bohemia, southwest of Prague.
Since the end of World War II, production of iron ore in Slovakia
has increased steadily, and it now accounts for approximately 75
percent of national production. 3.2/ Planned and estimated production
of iron ore in Czechoslovakia in 1949-54 is shown in Table 9.*
The upward revision of goals for 1951-53 probably re-
sulted primarily from the failures to obtain sufficient iron ore
from Sweden. These goals for 1952 and 1953 were found to be
unrealistic and again were revised. The drastically reduced goal
set for 1954 -- which, in turn, was unfulfilled -- probably was
based on official recognition of the high cost of expanding Czecho-
slovak production at the rates previously desired compared with that
of importing high-grade iron ore from other sources to replace
Swedish supplies.
Several reasons have been given for not fulfilling plans.
The primary causes appear to have been the slow introduction of
mechanization and the labor shortages in several mines. Slow prep-
aration of reserves was given as another reason. Because most of
the iron mines in Czechoslovakia are underground operations, some of
considerable depth, the shortcomings appear to be serious problems
* Table 9 follows on p. 24.
-23-
S-E-C-R-E-T
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/05/20:
CIA-RDP79R01141A000600050001-8
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/05/20:
CIA-RDP79R01141A000600050001-8
S-E-C-R-E-T
Table 9
Planned and Estimated Production of Iron Ore in Czechoslovakia
1949-54
Thousand Metric Tons
Year
Original Plan Goal 2/
Revised Plan Goal
Estimated Production
1949
1,355
1,536 12/
1950
1,370
1,659 12/
1951
1,360
1,630 2/
1,775 12/
1952
1,370
2,840 E/
1,853 12/
1953
1,380
5,180 El
1,849 1/
1954
N.A.
2,041 2/
2,037 f/
a.
1.2
b.
156/
c.
1_/
e.
which impair the 1955 outlook for the expansion of domestic production.
Expansion of the iron and steel industry will necessitate heavy invest-
ments for the construction of beneficiating facilities above the
capacity needed to process imported Soviet ores, which are of unsatis-
factory physical and chemical quality despite their high iron content.
Because 87 percent of the Czechoslovak iron ore supply (metallic iron
content) in 1954 came from domestic production plus imports from the
USSR,* the provision of facilities of this type would appear to be
essential to a solution of Czechoslovakia's iron ore problem.
Despite intensive efforts to expand production during the
First Five Year Plan in Czechoslovakia, the degree of self-sufficiency
in iron ore dropped from 46 percent in 1949 to 27 percent in 1954.**
* Eighty percent of Czechoslovak imports of iron ore come from the
USSR.112/
** See Table 10, p. 26, below.
- 24-
S-E-C-R-E-T
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/05/20:
CIA-RDP79R01141A000600050001-8
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/05/20:
CIA-RDP79R01141A000600050001-8
S-E-C-R-E-T
Although the provision of facilities for sintering and agglomerating
Krivoy Rog ore should reduce Czechoslovak dependence on the West, that
dependence probably will not be eliminated for a considerable period.
The decline in imports of Swedish iron ore, which dropped
from 400,000 tons in 1952 to approximately 5,000 tons in 1953 and
appears to have been negligible in 1954, has been offset largely by
increased imports from India, Brazil, and other Western countries. )11/
According to Czechoslovak claims, imports of iron ore from India
amounted to over 440,000 tons in 1953 and probably exceeded 320,000
tons in 1954. LE' Also in 1954, Czechoslovakia reportedly signed a
contract with a Brazilian company calling for the import of 250,000
tons of Brazilian iron ore.11-31 At the end of 1954, negotiations also
were under way between Czechoslovakia and Chile involving the acqui-
sition of 120,000 tons of Chilean iron ore. )21/ Although all of these
ores are of high quality, in view of the high costs of the ores to
Czechoslovakia and the probable installation of additional facilities
for beneficiation, it is doubtful that such sources Will become per-
manently established. The current pattern is considered to be more
of a stopgap measure to alleviate the shortage of iron ore in the
Czechoslovak iron and steel industry. The precarious balance of this
situation has been revealed by frequent reports of iroh ore shortages
which resulted in temporary curtailment of production of pig iron
at individual plants.
The estimated supply of iron ore in Czechoslovakia in
1949-54 is shown in Table 10.*
3. Manganese Ore,.
The production of low-grade manganese ore in Czechoslovakia
supplies approximately 70 percent on a tonnage basis and 50 percent on
a Metallic basis of the requirements of the iron and steel industry.
Domestic ore is used primarily for the making of pig iron 'and spiegel-
eisen. High-grade manganese ore for the production of ferromanganese
must be Imported -- principally from the USSR, Rumania, Hungary, and
Bulgaria.
* Table 10 follows on p. 26.
-25 -
S-E-C-R-E-T
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/05/20:
CIA-RDP79R01141A000600050001-8
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/05/20:
-2,1A-RDP79R01141A000600050001-8
S-E-C-R-E-T
Table 10
Estimated Supply of Iron Ore in Czechoslovakia
1949-54
Production
Quantity
(Thousand
Metric
Year Tons)
Value 21
(Million
Crowns)
Imports
Quantity
(Thousand
Metric
Tons)
Total Supply
Quantity
Value 12/ (Thousand Value
(Million Metric (Million
Crowns) Tons) Crowns)
1949
1,536
83
1,214 s/
87
2,750
170
1950
1,659
90
2,296 1/
165
3,955
255
1951
1,775
96
1,629 1/
117
3,404
213
1952
1,853
101
2,656 1/
191
4,509
292
1953
1,849
100
2,869 j/
207
4,718
307
1954
2,037
Ui
3,700 fi
266
5,737
377
a. The 1949-53 planned value per ton of iron ore (377 crowns) L.[V was
converted to present crown value (54.3 crowns). Exchange rates of 1
crown = US $0.02 in 1949 and 1 crown = US $0.1389 in 1954 were used in
the consumption.
b. Available prices of Czechoslovak iron ore imports vary widely,
ranging from US $7.00 per ton to US $18.50 per ton. An average of
US $10.00 per ton was assumed and converted to value per ton in terms
of Czechoslovak crowns (US $10.00 = 72 crowns). This value was then
applied to imported tonnages for each year.
c. 46
d. 7/
Manganese reserves consist of low-grade manganiferous
ores averaging 17 percent manganese./12/ The extent of these reserves
is unknown, but evidence indicates that the reserves are limited. The
more important mines are located at the Svabovce-Kisovce deposits near
Poprad in eastern Slovakia and at the Chvaletice deposits west of
Pardubice in eastern Bohemia.
-26-
S-E-C-R-E-T
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/05/20:
CIA-RDP79R01141A000600050001-8
5(50X1
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/05/20:
CIA-RDP79R01141A000600050001-8
S-E-C-R-E-T
Throughout the First Five Year Plan, production of man-
ganese has failed consistently to meet goals, 2.0/ which were planned
at 5,000 to 30,000 tons greater than planned consumption. 21/ Failure
to improve mining conditions and to supply new mining equipment
affected production -- particularly that of the Svabovce-Kisovce mines,
which produce approximately 90 percent of output. _52/ The underfulfill-
ment of goals may have precluded the accumulation of inventories, but
it probably did not create a bottleneck in the production of pig iron.
Planned imports of manganese ore approximate 30 percent,
by volume, of total requirements. 21/ This amount includes an esti-
'mated 50,000 to 60,000 tons of metallurgical-grade ores (at least 35
percent metallic manganese), which is used annually for the production
of ferromanganese. The larger part of imported ore comes from the
USSR, Bulgaria, Hungary, and Rumania, with occasional shipments from
India, Egypt, Turkey, and Burma. 2L1/ The small tonnages received from
outside of the Sino-Soviet Bloc are believed to be based on trade con-
siderations rather than on unavailability of Bloc ores. The estimated
supply of manganese ore in Czechoslovakia in 1949-53 is shown in
Table 11.*
4. Metallurgical Coke.
Czechoslovakia has a highly developed metallurgical coke
industry which, although it has failed to meet Five Year Flan goals
since 1948, not only satisfies the requirements of the iron and steel
industry but also provides a large surplus for export. Exports of
coke in 1954 amounted to 900,000 tons, about 15 percent of production.
These exports went principally to Soviet Bloc countries. The metal-
lurgical coke industry is concentrated in the Ostrava-Karvinna area
of Moravia, close to the large reserves of metallurgical-grade coking
coal and in the immediate vicinity of the largest concentration of
iron and steel plants.
Supervision of the production of oven coke** is centered in
2 ministries, the Ministry of Metals and Mines, which administers the
output of coke batteries located at 4 metallurgical plants, and the
* Table 11 follows on p. 28.
** Coke produced in coke ovens. Not all coke produced, however, is of
metallurgical grade; a portion fails to meet metallurgical standards
for size and chemical content.
-27-
S-E-C-R-E-T
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/05/20:
CIA-RDP79R01141A000600050001-8
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/05/20:
CIA-RDP79R01141A000600050001-8
S-E-C-R-E-T
Table 11
Estimated Supply of Manganese Ore in Czechoslovakia
1949-53
Year
Production
Quantity 2/
(Thousand
Metric
Tons)
Percent
of Total
Imports
(Quantity 12/
(Thousand
Metric
Tons)
Percent
of Total
Total Supply
Quantity
(Thousand
Metric
Tons)
Value 2/
(Million
Crowns)
1949
130
62
81
38
211
178
1950
170
67
87
33
257
203
1951
180
67
89
33
269
210
1952
230
70
97
30
327
241
1953
240
69
107
31
347
261
a. 17 percent manganese content. 22/
b. 30 to 48 percent manganese content.
c. Values of domestically produced manganese ore and imported manganese
ore were based on 1950 published prices 27/; Bohemian ores at 220 crowns
per ton, Slovakian ores at 374 crowns per ton, and imported ores at
1,621 crowns per ton.
Ministry of Fuels and Power, which directs the production of coke
batteries located at 7 or more coal mines. Although the Czechoslovaks
refer to plants as metallurgical coke plants and as mine coke plants,
there is no difference in the quality of thb coke produced.
Plans for increasing the production of oven coke were
important features of both the Two Year Plan (1947-48) and the First
Five Year Plan. Planned and estimated production of oven coke in
Czechoslovakia in 1949-54 is shown in Table 12.*
* Table 12 follows on p. 29.
-28-
S-E-C-R-E-T
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/05/20:
CIA-RDP79R01141A000600050001-8
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/05/20:
CIA-RDP79R01141A000600050001-8
S-E-C-R-E-T
Table 12
Planned and Estimated Production of Oven Coke in Czechoslovakia
1949-54
Production
1949
1950
1951
1952
1953
1954
Planned 2/
4,820
5,040
5,150
5,565
6,020
N.A.
Estimated 12/
4,695
4,876
5,071
5,375
5,700
5,912
Estimated production of oven coke in Czechoslovakia, by
plant, in 1950-54 is shown in Table 13.*
The expansion of oven coke plant facilities began during
World War II. In 1942 the Germans decided to build a coke-chemical
plant at the Konev Steel Plant in Kladno. This plant was to operate
on northern Bohemian coal in order to overcome the difficulties
involved in transporting coke from batteries in the Ostrava area.
The plant was'completed by Krupp in 1943, but it was discovered that
the Bohemian coal was unsuitable for the making of metallurgical coke,
and the coke ovens now operate on coal from the Ostrava Basin.
In the years following World War II, coke facilities have
been modernized and expanded by the Czechoslovak government. The
First Five Year Plan provided 640 million crowns for the equipment of
coke oven plants under the administration of the Ministry of Fuels
and Power -- the.General Svoboda, Lazy, Trojice, President Benes, and
Jan Coke-Chemical Plants. Funds were also included in the First Five
-Year Plan for the metallurgical industry for improvement of coking
facilities at steel plants. In 1950 and 1953, coke batteries No. 5
and No. 6 were added to the V.M. Molotov Ironworks at Trinec. Three
coke batteries were built at the Klement Gottwald Steelworks at
Kuncice nad Ostravici in the 1952-54 period, and a fourth battery is
* Table 13 follows on p. 30.
-29-
S-E-C-R-E-T
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/05/20:
CIA-RDP79R01141A000600050001-8
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/05/20 : CIA-RDP79R01141A000600050001-8
Table 13
Estimated Production of Oven Coke in Czechoslovakia, by Plant
1950-54
Plant Location
Name
Bohemia
Production
Equipment (Thousand Metric Tons)
Batteries Coke Ovens 1950 W* 1951 2/ 1952 2/ 1953 21 1954 12/
Konev Steel Plant,
Kladno 1 60 to 80 425 45o 45o 450 45o
Moravia
General Svoboda Coke
Chemical Plant, Privoz
7
368
1,356
1,456
1,420
1,420
1,420
Jan Coke-Chemical Plant,
Karvinna
4
' 125
525
545
525
525
237
Klement Gottwald Steel
Works, Kuncice nad
Ostravici
3
216
425
750
1,000
Lazy Coke-Chemical
Plant, Lazy
1
55
250
250
250
250
250
V.M. Molotov Ironworks,
Trinec
6
201
675
690
675
675
' 793
Footnotes for Table 13 follow on p. 31.
-30-
S-E-C-R-E-T
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/05/20 : CIA-RDP79R01141A000600050001-8
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/05/20: CIA-RDP79R01141A000600050001-8
S-E-C-R-E-T
Table 13
Estimated Production of Oven Coke in Czechoslovakia, by Plant
,1950-54
(Continued)
Plant Location
Name
Equipment
Production
(Thousand Metric Tons)
Batteries
Coke Ovens
1950 21
1951 24
1952 2/
1953 24
1954 1/
Moravia (Continued)
President Benes Coke-
Chemical Plant,
Karvinna
4
137
325
335
310
310
325
Trojice Coke-Chemical
Plant, Slezska Ostrava
3
90
185
190
180
180
190
Vaclav Coke-Chemical
Plant, Poruba
1
40
90
Vitkovice Ironworks,
Vitkovice
7
370
1,090
1,110
1,095
1,095
1,157
Karolina Plant
(4)
2/
(216)
(565)
(575)
(570)
(570)
(546.8)
Vitkovice Plant
(3)
(154)
(525)
(535)
(525)
(525)
(610.2)
Zbysov Coke-Chemical
Plant, Zbysov 2/
1
12
45
45
45
45
Total production
4,876
.5,071,
5,375
5,700
5,912
. 6o/
c. Tentatively identified.
d. Figures in parentheses are components of figures for the Vitkovice Ironworks.
e. The production of this plant has not been confirmed. No figure is carried in the 1954 estimate column.
- 31-
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/05/20: CIA-RDP79R01141A000600050001-8
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/05/20:
CIA-RDP79R01141A000600050001-8
S-E-C-R-E-T
planned for a later date. A new coke battery was added to the Vitkovice
Ironworks in the 1952-54 period. Further plans for the construction of
new coking facilities are not known, but it is probable that the Second
Five Year Plan will include funds for the further expansion of the in-
dustry.
5. Limestone.
Czechoslovakia has ample limestone resources suitable for
use as fluxing agents in blast furnaces and steelmaking facilities.
The quarries are located close to the iron and steel plants. The esti-
mated consumption of limestone in the iron and steel industry of
Czechoslovakia in 1949-54 is shown in Table 14.
Table 14
Estimated Consumption of Limestone
in the Iron and Steel Industry
of Czechoslovakia
1949-54
Thousand Metric Tons
Year
Consumption 2/
1949
1,670
1950
1,760
1951
1,800
1952
2,120
1953
2,320
1954
2,580
a. Derived on the basis of 400 kilo-
grams of limestone used per ton of pig
iron and 86 kilograms of limestone per
ton of steel. Li
-32-
S-E-C-R-E-T
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/05/20:
CIA-RDP79R01141A000600050001-8
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/05/20:
CIA-RDP79R01141A000600050001-8
S-E-C-R-E-T
B. Alloying Materials.
1. General.
Czechoslovakia lacks all of the metals required for the
production of ferroalloys. Before World War II, Czechoslovakia
imported most of its alloying materials from low-cost producers in ,
Western Europe, mainly Norway, Sweden, and the UK. Norway and Italy
still supply significant quantities of ferrochromium and ferrosilicon.
The tightening of export controls by the West in 1950 and the Com-
munist policy of autarky caused Czechoslovakia to seek new sources
within the Sino-Soviet Bloc for most of these alloying materials.
The USSR and, to a lesser extent, Poland and East Germany have been
the principal suppliers. The supply has not always been adequate,
and the industry has resorted to smuggling and the payment of premium
firices on the Western black market.
The relatively high cost of electric power, a shortage of
electric furnace capacity, and a lack of raw materials have limited
production of ferroalloys to blast-furnace ferromanganese and some
electric-furnace ferrosilicon and ferrochromium, which are produced
in the electro-chemical plant at Sokolov and the Vitkovice Ironworks.
Production of ferrochromium and ferrosilicon increased steadily
during the First Five Year Plan.
initiated the production of other
is as yet quite snail.
2. Ferromanganese.
Czechoslovakia also has 50X1
ferroalloys. Production of these
Annual production of ferromanganese in Czechoslovakia
totals 20,000 to 25,000 tons, mostly produced in blast furnaces at
the Vitkovice and Trinec iron and steel plants. 163/ The electro-
chemical industry produces snail quantities of electric-furnace
ferromanganese.?.11/ In addition to ferromanganese, Vitkovice and
Trinec produce 6,000 to 10,000 tons of spiegeleisen per year. 6
Metallurgical-grade manganese ore required for ferromanganese
imported by rail from the USSR.
is
To supplement production of ferromanganese, 3,000 to
4,000 tons of both blast-furnace and electric-furnace ferromanganese
are imported annually. 1?_/ The Sino-Soviet Bloc, especially the
-33-
S-E-C-R-E-T
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/05/20:
CIA-RDP79R01141A000600050001-8
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/05/20:
CIA-RDP79R01141A000600050001-8
S-E-C-R-E-T
USSR, supplies the bulk, but shipments are also known to have originated
in Italy and Austria. .?.7./ The estimated supply of ferromanganese and
spiegeleisen in Czechoslovakia in 1949-54 is shown in Table 15.
Table 15
Estimated Supply of Ferromanganese and Spiegeleisen
in Czechoslovakia
1949-54
Year
? Product
Production 2./
(Metric Tons)
Imports 12/
(Metric
Tons)
Total
(Metric
Value
(Million
Crowns) ?
1949
Ferromanganese
19,000
3,800 sj
_zaa)_
22,800
193
Spiegeleisen
6,000
N.A.
6,000
19
1950
Ferromanganese
19,000
3,400 1/
22,400
195
Spiegeleisen
6,000
N.A.
6,000
20
1951
Ferromanganese
21,000
3,500
24,500
227
Spiegeleisen
6,000
N.A.
6,000
23
1952
Ferromanganese
23,000
3,500
26,500
266
Spiegeleisen
8,000
N.A.
8,000
32
1953
Ferromanganese
24,00o
3,500
27,500 ,
42
Spiegeleisen
10,000
N.A.
10,000
6
1954
Ferromanganese
25,000
3,500
28,500
44
Spiegeleisen
10,000
N.A.
10,000
6
a. For methodology, see Appendix C.
b. Estimates for 1951-54 are based on residual figures derived by
subtracting production from apparent consumption and adjusting in
accordance with data contained in various trade documents.
c. 68
d.
-34-
S-E-C-R-E-T
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/05/20:
CIA-RDP79R01141A000600050001-8
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/05/20:
CIA-RDP79R01141A000600050001-8
S-E-C-R-E-T
3. Ferrochromium.
Czechoslovakia has no deposits of chromite and is depen-
dent entirely on imports for its requirements. Before World War II,
Yugoslovia,'Turkey, and the Union of South Africa were the main
sources of these imports, but after 1948 Albania and the USSR became
the chief suppliers, and since 1952 Albania has been almost the sole
supplier. Imports in recent years appear to have been sufficient for
industrial needs. The iron and steel industry of Czechoslovakia
required about 13,000 tons, approximately 40 percent of these imports
in 1953. The manufacture of refractory materials and chemical com-
pounds accounted for the remaining 6o percent.
Estimated imports of chromium ore by Czechoslovakia in
1949-54 are shown in Table 16.*
Ferrochromium is produced in the Sokolov Chemical Plant
in Sokolov nail Ohri, in Bohemia. Production, however, does not meet
requirements and is supplemented by imports from Norway, Italy, the
USSR, and East Germany. The estimated supply of ferrochromium in
Czechoslovakia in 1949-54 is shown in Table 17.**
4. Ferrosilicon.
Production of ferrosilicon in Czechoslovakia increased 5
times during the First Five Year Plan, starting from 2,500 tons in
1949. Ten thousand tons a year (45-percent grade) are produced in
an electric furnace that was installed at the Vitkovice Ironworks
during the German occupation. Higher grade ferrosilicon (45 to 90
percent) is produced by the electrochemical industry.
Growing demands for ferrosilicon have made it necessary
to continue some imports of higher grade ferrosilicon. The USSR,
Poland, and East Germany, supplied the bulk of the imports before
1952. Si.nce then, Italy has become a major supplier, and the
perennial Czech-Norwegian trade agreement covers about 500 tons of
ferrosilicon a year.
The estimated supply of ferrosilicon in Czechoslovakia
in 1949-54 is shown in Table 18.***
* *
Table 16 follows on p. 36.
Table 17 follows on p. 37.
Table 18 follows on p. 38.
- 35 -
S-E-C-R-E-T
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/05/20:
CIA-RDP79R01141A000600050001-8
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/05/20:
CIA-RDP79R01141A000600050001-8
S-E-C-R-E-T
Table 16
Estimated Imports of Chromium Ore by Czechoslovakia
1949-54
Year
Imports
(Metric Tons)
Value 2/
(Million Crowns)
1949
1950
1951
1952
1953
1954
15,800 12/
21,500 s/
27,000 s/
32,800 1/
32,500 2/
36,000 Si
32
43
54
66
65
72
a. /2/
b. /1/
C. Interpolation.
e. /2/
f. Estimate based on previous year's imports and
reports covering part of 1954 imports.
5. Molybdenum.
Czechoslovakia has always been dependent on foreign
sources, principally Western Europe, for all of its molybdenum require-
ments. Tightening of export controls by the West during the early
1950's substantially reduced this source of supply.
During 1952, Czechoslovakia began importing molybdenum
ores and concentrates from Communist China. IA/ Imports of con-
centrates containing a minimum of 65 percent molybdenum sulfide are
estimated at between 200 and 300 tons for 1953. /V Actual imports
for 1954 and planned imports for 1955 may be slightly higher.
-36-
S-E-C-R-E-T
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/05/20:
CIA-RDP79R01141A000600050001-8
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/05/20: CIA-RDP79R01141A000600050001-8
S-E-C-R-E-T
Table 17
Estimated Supply of Ferrochromium in Czechoslovakia
1949-54
Year
Production
(Metric Tons)
Imports
(Metric Tons)
Total
(Metric Tons)
Value 2/
(Million Crowns)
19)49
1,000 12/
4,l00 2,./
5,100
'
170
1950
1951
1,250 12/
1,500 12/
4,800 I/
5,000 2/
6,050
6,500
203
218
1952
2,200 fy
5,000 2/
7,200
241
1953
3,700 i../
4,500 2/
8,200
275
1954
6,300 11/
2,400 f/
8,700
291
a. Based on weighted average price of 33.5 crowns per metric ton.
b. Extrapolation based on more accurate documented data for later years.
c.
77/
d. Li
e. Estimate based on previous year's imports and estimates of production.
f. Estimate based on consumption of 6,000 tons of chromium ore.
g. Estimate based on consumption of 10,000 tons of chromium ore.
h. 1954 Plan, 70-percent increase over 1953. 1E2/
i. if!igj
-37-
S-E-C-R-E-T
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/05/20: CIA-RDP79R01141A000600050001-8
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/05/20: CIA-RDP79R01141A000600050001-8
Table 18
Estimated Supply of Ferrosilicon in Czechoslovakia
1949-54
Year
Production W
(Metric Tons)
Imports12J
(Metric Tons
Total
(Metric Tons)
Value E./
(Million Crowns)
1949
1950
1951
1952
1953
1954 1/
2,500 2/
5,000 1/
7,500 1/
10,000 1/
12,000 1/
15,000
9,100 2/
6,800 e
6,400 Li./
6,200 12/
6,000 lj
5,o6o
11,600
11,800
13,900
16,200
18,000
20,000
72
74
95
111
18
19
a. Silicon content is approximately 45 percent.
b. Silicon content ranges from 45 to 90 percent.
c. Based on average US price for 50 percent ferrosilicon (exchange rates used were
as follows: 1949-52, 1 crown = US $0.02; 1953-54, 1 crown = US $0.1389).
d. 8
e.
f. Estimate based on interpolation between 1949 and 1952.
h. Estimate based on import data for 1950 and 1953 and on production.
j. Estimate based on volume of previous annual increases.
k. 119//
1. Estimate based on trends in previous years.
-38-
S-E-C-R-E-T
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/05/20: CIA-RDP79R01141A000600050001-8
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/05/20:
CIA-RDP79R01141A000600050001-8
S-E-C-R-E-T
Ferromolybdenum and molybdenum metal, wire, and sheet are
imported from the USSR or, through clandestine channels, from the
West. ?1EY Planned imports of ferromolybdenum totalled 178 tons in
1949. ,,2/ Italy was reported to have shipped 200 tons to Czechoslovakia
in 195 22/ The 1952 rate of consumption of metallic molybdenum by
the iron and steel industry in Czechoslovakia was reported to be 135 ton
tons. 21/
The shortage of molybdenum reported frequently from 1950
through 1952 probably does not exist at this time. Reserves of
metallic molybdenum for chemical and metallurgical purposes were re-
ported to be 121 tons as of mid-1953. 22/
Supplies of molybdenum may have been improved by the dis-
covery of molybdenite in the Sulova area in 1953. 131 The size or
industrial importance of this strike is not known, nor can it be
ascertained whether or not attempts have been made to process the ore.
6. Titanium.
Until 1952, Czechoslovakia imported its supply of ferro-
titanium, principally from the USSR.2/1/ During the latter part of
1951, Czechoslovakia started to import large quantities of titanium
ore from India and Finland. 22/ In 1954, Czechoslovakia offered
Sweden 150 tons of ferrotitanium, an indication that Czechoslovakia
may be producing ferrotitanium in some quantity. 6
7. Tungsten.
The tungsten ore resources of Czechoslovakia are negligible.
A few mines in the northwestern part of the country, in the vicinity of
Pribram and Teplice, are reported to be producing tungsten concentrates
along with lead, copper, and other mineral products, but the total
quantity of concentrates produced probably is small. As this general
area is noted for uranium mining, it is possible that the tungsten is
recovered as a byproduct in the processing of uranium-bearing minerals.
Czechoslovak requirements of tungsten concentrates, about
which little is known, are believed to be imported from Communist
China, either directly, or indirectly via the USSR. Small quantities
have been exported, principally to Austria for processing into tungsten
powder which is returned to Czechoslovakia.
-39-
S-E-C-R-E-T
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/05/20:
CIA-RDP79R01141A000600050001-8
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/05/20:
CIA-RDP79R01141A000600050001-8
?
S-E-C-R-E-T
Fertotungsten is produced in Czechoslovakia in unknown
quantities. In late 1954 the Czechoslovak Trade Ministry reportedly
stated that there were no import requirements for ferrotungsten at
that time and that none was contemplated in the near future. 22/
8. Vanadium.
Mineral deposits containing vanadium do not occur in
Czechoslovakia. Before World War II, Czechoslovakia extracted
vanadium from imported Swedish iron ore. 231 After World War II and
until 1950, ferrovanadium was purchased in Sweden. 22/ In 1950,
Czechoslovakia began to import from the USSR vanadium-bearing slag
(3.6 to 7.6 percent metallic vanadium), which was then processed for
the iron and steel industry at the Vitkovice Ironworks. 100/ Czecho-
slovakia imported 50 tons cif ferrovanadium in 1950, and present needs
for the iron and steel industry probably are only slightly larger. 101/
9.
The USSR is
supplies an
the West at
satisfy the
in Table 19
Nickel.
Czechoslovakia imports nearly all of its nickel supply.
the primary source, but clandestine trade with the West
estimated 10 to 15 percent of requirements. Imports from
premium prices indicate that the USSR does not fully
requirements of Czechoslovakia.
Imports of nickel by Czechoslovakia in 1949-54 are shown
.*
In 1954, apparently stimulated by the desire to augment
imports and to reduce dependence on unreliable sources of supply in
the West, Czechoslovakia initiated production of nickel from domestic
ores. 102/ Improved techniques in the processing of low-grade ore
possibly added impetus to this development. 103/ Production plans
are unknown, but the small:, low-grade nickel deposits, located in the
Erzgebirge district of Bohemia and in Ceske Budejovice in southern
Bohemia, are believed to be capable of supporting only a modest pro-
duction effort: 104/
* Table 19 follows on p. 41.
- 4o -
S-E-C-R-E-T
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/05/20:
CIA-RDP79R01141A000600050001-8
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/05/20:
CIA-RDP79R01141A000600050001-8
S-E-C-R-E-T
Table 19
Imports of Nickel by Czechoslovakia
1949-54
Year
Imports
(Thousand Metric Tons)
Value 2/
(Million Crowns)
1949
1.8 12/
69
1950
1.7 12/
64
1951
1.8 h/
66
1952
1.8 h/
68
1953
2.0 12/
79
1954
2.1 si
81
a. 105/. Prices as of 1 August 1949.
b. Planned figures for the metallurgical indus-
try 106/ divided by the 1949 ratio (97 percent)
of metallurgical use to total use. These figures
were checked with miscellaneous data covering
estimated requirements, known imports, and trade
agreements.
c. 1954 estimate based on a Czechoslovakia-USSR
trade agreement 107/ and indications that the USSR
was supplying nickel steadily during 1954. 108/
10. Cobalt.
Since 1948, Czechoslovakia has been dependent principally
on the smuggling of cobalt from Western European countries to meet
the requirements of the iron and steel industry. Up to that time,
shipments from Sweden were sufficient to meet demands. Attempts to
alleviate the critical shortage of cobalt, a shortage which resulted
in the curtailment of the production of high-speed steels in 1951-52
and of rotor blades for jet aircraft engines in 1953, have not been
successful.
-
S-E-C-R-E-T
_/
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/05/20:
CIA-RDP79R01141A000600050001-8
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/05/20:
CIA-RDP79R01141A000600050001-8
S-E-C-R-E-T
Various methods of overcoming the cobalt shortage have been
devised. In 1952-53, Czechoslovakia imported from Communist China
cobalt ore which they presumably had the capability to smelt and re-
fine. During 1954, attempts to get cobalt Ore from Iran failed.
Cobalt is imported also as a component of other materials -- 10 tons of
crinite, a cobalt-based (59 percent metallic cobalt) alloy was
obtained from France in 1954.
The estimated supply of cobalt in Czechoslovakia in 1949-54
is shown in Table 20.
Table 20
Estimated Supply of Cobalt in Czechoslovakia
1949-54
Year
Imports 2/
(Metric Tons)
Value 12/
(Thousand Crowns)
1949
1950
1951
1952
1953
1954
lo s/
15 1/
20 2/
35
20 f/
30 E/
191
312
486
975
57
900
a. These are minimum quantities. Estimates
are based on miscellaneous trade documents.
b. 19,100 crowns per 100 kg in 1949 109/
multiplied by ratios of US price variance in
following years.
c. z110/
d. Interpolation.
e.. 111/
f. 42/
g. 113/
-42-
S-E-C-R-E-T
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/05/20:
CIA-RDP79R01141A000600050001-8
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/05/20:
CIA-RDP79R01141A000600050001-8
S-E-C-R-E-T
Cobalt occurs with nickel ore in the Jachymov area of
northwestern Bohemia and in the Krompachy region in central Slovakia.
The Krompachy mines were worked in 1944, but there is no evidence
that mining has been done in recent years. In 1954 it was announced
that production of nickel from domestic ores had been initiated in
Czechoslovakia,* and it impossible that small quantities of cobalt
will be produced as a byproduct. 114/
V. Foreign Trade.
A. General.
The values of imports and exports related to the iron and
steel industry of Czechoslovakia appear to be approximately in
balance. Principal imports are raw materials for steelmaking and
alloying. In addition, Czechoslovakia also imports amall quantities
of pig iron, possibly some iron and steel scrap, and small amounts
of semifinished and finished carbon and alloy steel to meet special
domestic needs. Exports consist principally ofmetallurgical coke
and semifinished and finished steel in amounts that in 1953,54 were
equivalent to about 15 percent of the production of metallurgical
coke and of finished steel in Czechoslovakia. The physical volume
of both imports and exports has increased during recent years,
reflecting not only the growth in requirements for raw materials to
support the expansion in domestic steel production but also the
increasing demand for iron and steel in the Sino-Soviet Bloc.
B. Geographical Distribution.
The Sino-Soviet Bloc supplies the major portion of the total
import requirements of the iron and steel industry of Czechoslovakia
and is the recipient of more than 95 percent of the metallurgical
coke, virtually all of the alloy steel, and perhaps 85 percent of the
semifinished and finished steel that Czechoslovakia exports. The
USSR alone furnishes about 58 percent (metallic iron content) of
Czechoslovakia's requirements for iron ore; is the principal supplier
of manganese ore, nickel, and other alloying materials; and possibly
provides large tonnages of pig iron and of iron and steel scrap. In
return the USSR apparently takes about one-half of the semifinished
and finished steel exported by Czechoslovakia, as well as substantial
amounts of the output of such specialized alloys as high-speed tool
steel.
* See p. 4o, above.
-43-
S-E-C-R-E-T
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/05/20:
CIA-RDP79R01141A000600050001-8
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/05/20:
CIA-RDP79R01141A000600050001-8
S-E-C-R-E-T
Other members of the Sino-Soviet Bloc also supply varying pro-
portions of the import requirements of the iron and steel industry of
Czechoslovakia and are important Markets for the industry's output.
For example, East Germany, which supplies a portion of Czechoslovakia's
ferrochromium requirements, takes 60 to 65 percent of the exports of
metallurgical coke and about 15 percent of the industry's exports of
semifinished and finished steel. During 1954, reportedly, East Germany
also received about 3,000 tons of alloy steel, of which 60 percent was
alloy construction steel. (Soviet shipments of alloy steel to East
Germany in 195)4. amounted to more than 7,000 tons.) Hungary also
supplies important tonnages of raw materials and in return probably
receives a major part of its own industry's requirements of metal-
lurgical coke. 112/ Rumania, Albania, and Bulgaria are relatively
less important as supply sources or as export markets. Albania,
however, is the sole source of the Czechoslovak supply of chromium,
and Rumania takes more than 15 percent of the semifinished steel
exported by Czechoslovakia.
Czechoslovak trade with the Free World, in addition to imports
of iron ore and other basic raw and alloying materials, includes
imports of minor quantities of pig iron, alloy steel, and semifinished
and finished carbon steel from Western European countries. Imports
from the West, although they are only a small fraction of the total
trade of the Czechoslovak iron and steel industry, are of some impor-
tance in terms of the total available supply of certain commodities --
alloying materials, for example. In 'addition to shipments moving
through legal channels, there is a certain amount of clandestine traf-
fic, particularly in alloying materials that are embargoed under the
Battle Act. Exports to the West consist largely of semifinished and
finished steel.
C. Trade by Categories of Commodities.
1. Metallurgical Coke.
Czechoslovakia not only produces its own requirements for
metallurgical coke but also is a major supplier of other European
Satellites. East Germany obtains from Czechoslovakia from one-fifth
to two-fifths of the coke required by its iron and steel industry,
and Czechoslovak shipments of coke to Hungary account for a sizable
proportion of the consumption in that country. Total exports of coke
-44-
S-E-C-R-E-T
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/05/20:
CIA-RDP79R01141A000600050001-8
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/05/20:
CIA-RDP79R01141A000600050001-8
S-E-C-R-E-T
by Czechoslovakia may have amounted to more than 1 million tons in
1953 and 1954.* Estimated exports of metallurgical coke by Czecho-
slovakia, by destination, in 1950-54 are shown in Table 21.**
2. Semifinished and Finished Steel.
As a member of the Sino-Soviet Bloc, Czechoslovakia has
continued its historical position as a net exporter of semifinished
and finished carbon and alloy steel. Since 1948, when total exports
of steel were estimated at 376,000 tons, they have increased some-
what, but shipments now are almost exclusively to the USSR and
other Communist countries instead of to Western markets which
formerly were major outlets. 11T/
A similar shift has taken place in exports of alloy steel.
Before World War II, Czechoslovakia was a major exporter of alloy
steels to the West. Most of these steels were produced in the
Poldina Plant. As much as 50 percent of the Czechoslovak production
of alloy and special steels may now be destined for Sino-Soviet Bloc
countries. Czechoslovakia and the USSR probably are responsible for
supplying a large part of the requirements for alloy and special
steels of the other Soviet Bloc countries and Communist China.
Czechoslovak imports of semifinished and finished carbon
steels are negligible,
Although Czechoslovakia, because of its export commitments and
shortages of alloying material, has made frequent attempts to pur-
chase high-alloy steels in Western Europe, most of these attempts have
been frustrated by COCOM restrictions. Estimated imports and exports
of semifinished and finished steel, by Czechoslovakia, by origin and
destination, in 1953-54 are shown in Table 22.***
3. Pig Iron and Sqrap.
There is little available information on the movement of
pig iron and scrap into or out of Czechoslovakia. Reported imports of
pig iron amounted to more than 10,000 tons in 1952, less than 9,000
tons in 1953, and about 1,500 tons in 1954. Austria supplied most of
* Total Czechoslovak exports of coke have been estimated at 1 million
tons in 1948 and at 1.3 million tons annually during 1949-51. 22g
** Table 21 follows on p. 46.
*** Table 22 follows on p. 48.
-45-
S-E-C-R-E-T
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/05/20:
CIA-RDP79R01141A000600050001-8
50X1
50X1
, Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/05/20:
CIA-RDP79R01141A000600050001-8
S-E-C-R-E-T
the known imports in 1952-53, and minor tonnages were reported from
Belgium-Luxembourg, East Germany, Norway, and the USSR. 11Y
The trade agreement with
the USSR, however, provides for annual Soviet shipments of 100,000
tons of scrap and about the same amount Of foundry pig iron. 119/
Except for a shipment of 1,200 tons of pig iron in 1952, there is
no indication of actual imports against these quotas.*
Table 21
Estimated Exports of Metallurgical Coke by Czechoslovakia
by Destination
1950-54
Thousand Metric Tons
Destination
1950
1951
1952
1953
1954
Soviet Bloc
Bulgaria
N.A.
21V**
N.A.
N.A.
15 12/
East Germany
348 2/
417 j
700 2/
685 f/
595 g/
Hungary /2/
300
300
300
300
300
Rumania 1/
25
25
25
25
25
USSR
N.A.
22/.
N .A .
N .A .
N .A .
50X1
50X1
Total 1/
Other Countries
765
1,025
14212-
212
Austria
104 hi
120 1/
34 1/
6V
16 1/
France
2J
1 Lij
621
0 E/
0 LI/
Switzerland
68 h/
23 2/
14 2/
02/
021
Yugoslavia
50 pi
15 2/
0
0
0
Total
224
122
54
6
16
Grand total 1/
897
924
1,079
51
Continued on p. 50.
** Footnotes for Table 21 follow on p. 47.
-46-
S-E-C-R-E-T
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/05/20:
CIA-RDP79R01141A000600050001-8
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/05/20:
CIA-RDP79R01141A000600050001-8
S-E-C-R-E-T
Table 21
Estimated Exports of Metallurgical Coke by Czechoslovakia
by Destination
1950-54
(Continued)
a.
b.
C.
d.
e.
slavakia.
120/
21/
122/
123/
700,000 tons were imported from Czecho-
total 6-month actual deliveries of
351,000 tons. 124/
f. Estimate rail shipments of 28,278 carloads of
coke through Bad Schandau, 1 March through 31 December, plus estimates
of 3,000 carloads per month during January and February. Estimated
tonnage -- 20 tons per car.
g. Estimate rail shipments through Bad Schandau
during first 6 months. There are indications that additional ship-
ments may have entered East Germany through other points.
Ii Riincyarv's immrts nf onke probably exceed "i00.000 tons a year.
i. The 1952 total is the only actual figure given for`the 5-year
period. Fragmentary information tends to support an estimate of at
least 25,000 tons a year for 1950-54. 1261
50X1
50X1
50X1
50X1
50X1
125j
50X1
j.
the
k.
1.
Totals are minimum quantities; they do not include estimates for
destinations and years for which source data are not available.
12
12 /
m.
129/
n.
130/
o.
131/
p.
132/
-47-
S-E-C-R-E-T
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/05/20:
CIA-RDP79R01141A000600050001-8
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/05/20:
CIA-RDP79R01141A000600050001-8
S-E-C-R-E-T
Table 22
Estimated Imports and Exports of Semifinished and Finished Steel
by Czechoslovakia, by Origin and Destination 2/*
1953-54
Metric Tons
Destination of Exports
Sino-Soviet Bloc
1953
1954
Bulgaria N.A. N.A.
East Germany 62,800 li 58,400 hi
North Korea N.A. 200 2/
Rumania 65,000 li 65,000 21/
USSR 214,000 2/ 203,750 2/
Total fi 341,800 327,350
Other Countries
Argentina 31,851 g/ N.A.
Austria N.A. 4,000 hi
Brazil N.A. 5,992 1/
Denmark N.A. 2,00011/
Finland 1,000 Li 13,000 hi
Iceland N.A. 2,000 hi
India N.A. 2,615 1/
Indonesia N.A. (US $294,000) hi
Italy 1,159 1/ N.A.
Lebanon N.A. 9 Eaj
Netherlands N.A. 2,000 hi
Portugal N.A. 1,000 hi
Sweden 2,000 hi 8,000 hi
Switzerland N.A. 5,000 y
Turkey 1,000 hi 11,000 n
UK 2,000 hi 6,000 hi
Total f/ 39,010 62 616
* Footnotes for Table 22 follow on p. 49.
-48-
S-E-C-R-E-T
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/05/20:
CIA-RDP79R01141A000600050001-8
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/05/20:
CIA-RDP79R01141A000600050001-8
S-E-C-R-E-T
Table 22
Estimated Imports and Exports of Semifinished and Finished Steel,
by Czechoslovakia, by Origin and Destination.E/
1953-54
(Continued)
Metric Tons
Origin of Imports 1953 1954
Austria 24,000 hi 5,000 hi
Sweden 1,000 h/ N.A.
West Germany 8,000 12J 3,000 hi
Belgium-Luxembourg 624 2/ 2,000 ly
France 2/ N.A.
Norway 1,000 ly 1,000 11./
Total
3)4,62)4 11,000 fi
a. Amounts shown represent minimum shipments.
b. 133/
c. 1341
d. Estimated on the basis of a report which covers 1950, 1951,
and 1952 and gives an annual minimum of 70,000 tons. 13
e.
The 1949 trade agreement between
these two countries provided for shipments of some 120,000 tons of
these commodities to the USSR, and subsequent agreements have
claimed that various percentage increases in trade would occur in
the years to which the agreements applied. If the original quota
in 1953-54
were met and if the claimed increases occurred, tonnage
may have approximated the amount reported. 136/
f. Totals do not include estimates for years for which no source
data are available.
g. 137/
h. 138/
lei
j. 0/
k. Trade agreement. 141/
1. 142/
m. 143/
- 149 -
S-E-C-R-E-T.
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/05/20:
CIA-RDP79R01141A000600050001-8
50X1
50X1
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/05/20
CIA-RDP79R01141A000600050001-8
S-E-C-R-E-T
Table 22
Estimated Imports and Exports of Semifinished and Finished Steel
by Czechoslovakia, by Origin and Destination 2./
1953-54
(Continued)
n. Based on compilation of shipments for
the year.
o. 11-Li
p. 145/. Trade agreement provided for French exports of 18,000
tons. No actual exports were reported by France.
VI. Distribution of Products.
A. Pig Iron, Crude Steel, and Semifinished Steel.
All pig iron and crude steel produced in Czechoslovakia is
consumed by steel plants and foundries within the country. About
80 percent of the ingot steel is prOduced from hot metal in the
four integrated plants, and the remainder is made from cold pig iron
from blast furnaces located at considerable distances. Some semi-
finished steel is exported, principally to the USSR and the European
Satellites.
B. Rolled Steel Products.
A breakdown for the 1949 and 1953 allocation of rolled steel
products in Czechoslovakia was contained in an official plan issued
by the Economic Council in 1949. 146/ These percentaees of planned
production were applied to estimated 1954 production. Because
production in 1954 was an estimated 600,000 tons under the plan,
these percentages probably are subject to considerable modification.
Exports, for example, are estimated to have been about 16 percent
of production, cqmpared with the planned 20.3 percent for 1949 and
1953. Planned distribution of rolled steel products in Czechoslovakia
in 1949 and 1954 is shown in Table 23.*
Table 23 follows on p. 51.
-50-
S-E-C-R-E-T
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/05/20
CIA-RDP79R01141A000600050001-8
50X1
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/05/20:
CIA-RDP79R01141A000600050001-8
S-E-C-R-E-T
Table 23
Planned Distribution of Rolled Steel Products in Czechoslovakia 21
1949 and 1954
Industry
Percentage
of Total
Production
1949
(Thousand
Metric Tons)
1954
(Thousand
Metric Tons)
Metallurgy and
machinery
46.8
750
1,200
Trades and handicraft
4.4
70
,110
Transportation
8.7
140
220
Construction
7.3
120
180
Maintenance 12/
9.1
150
230
Exports
20.3
320
510
Reserves
0.5
8
12
Wastage
1.1
18
27
Second class material
0.6
lo
15
Tolerance (error)
1.2
19
30
Total
100.0
1,600
2,500
a. Percentages were derived from documentary source, 147/ which con-
tained planned distribution of rolled products in 1949. These per-
centages were applied to estimated 1949 and 1954 production of rolled
products (see Table 9, p. 24,above), and results were rounded to two
significant figures.
b. Includes maintenance for the following industries: mining,
metallurgy, electric power, chemicals, glass, ceramics, textile, paper,
leather, rubber, and food and agriculture.
VII.- Inventories and Stockpiles.
A counterpart of the Soviet Main Administration of State Material
Reserves, established in some of the other European Satellites, has not
been organized as yet in Czechoslovakia.
S-E-C-R-E-T
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/05/20:
CIA-RDP79R01141A000600050001-8
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/05/20:
CIA-RDP79R01141A000600050001-8
S-E-C-R-E-T
There are shortages of materials at every level of the iron and
steel industry in Czechoslovakia. Blast-furnace shops complain of
irregular deliveries and the inadequacy of supply of iron ore; steel-
makers charge that the lack of pig iron, scrap, and ferroalloys
prevents the fulfillment of production schedules; rolling mill
operators claim that finishing facilities are not being utilized
economically; and manufacturing plants complain of the quality of
finished steel. It is probable that the steel industry has not
been able to accumulate a strategic reserve of iron and steel products.
VIII. Manpower and Costs and Values.
A. Manpower.
Labor productivity in the iron and steel industry in Czecho-
slovakia is much lower than that in the US industry but compares
favorably' with that in the East German industry. On the basis of
.1953 US data, 1954 East German figures, and 1953 Czechoslovak plans,
the following comparison is made:
Annual Crude Steel
Iron and Steel Industry Tonnage per Worker
Czechoslovakia (1953)
East Germany (195)4-)
US (1953)
39.2
36.2
155.6
Although the 1953 labor plan for the metallurgy industries in
Czechoslovakia includes workers in the nonferrous metals industry,
this segment -- on the basis of gross value of its output -- amounts
to only about 10 percent of the total. This difference is counter-
balanced by the fact that the 1953 labor plan does not include those
steelworkers employed in steel foundries located in manufacturing
plants.
The First Five Year Plan called for an increase of about 25
percent in the number of workers, but production was to increase 48
percent. According to the Plan, then, labor productivity was to
increase about 18 percent. 148/
-52-
S-E-C-R-E-T
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/05/20:
CIA-RDP79R01141A000600050001-8
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/05/20:
CIA-RDP79R01141A000600050001-8
S-E-C-R-E-T
The manpower plan for the Ministry of Metals and Ores in
Czechoslovakia in 1949-53 is shown in Table 24.
Table 24
Manpower Plan for the Ministry of Metals and Ores in Czechoslovakia 2/
1949-53
Average Number of Workers
Type Of Worker
1949
1.950
1951
1952
1953
Office worker
11,880
12,810
13,620
13,860
14,080
Apprentices
2,560
2,720
2,880
2,990
3,100
Manual workers
67,760
72,170
75,700
76,550
77,320
Total
82,200
87,700
92,200
93,400
94.500
a. The figures include those workers engaged in the production of
nonferrous metals as well as those producing iron and steel.
B. Costs and Values.
According to the First Five Year Plan, costs of production are
divided into three main categories: expenses for raw materials, per-
sonnel expenses, and other expenses. Expenses for raw materials cover
all material costs, including coal for coke and fuel; personnel expenses
comprise wages and salaries; and other expenses include amortization, 50X1
which amounts to approximately 50 percent of this category.
* Table 25 follows on p. 54.
-53-
S-E-C-R-E-T
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/05/20:
CIA-RDP79R01141A000600050001-8
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/05/20:
CIA-RDP79R01141A000600050001-8
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/05/20:
CIA-RDP79R01141A000600050001-8
50X1
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/05/20:
CIA-RDP79R01141A000600050001-8
S-E-C-R-E-T
Because of the impossibility of assigning a valid value to the
Czechoslovak crown, the absolute cost of the production of steel in
Czechoslovakia compared with that in the US cannot be determined.
It would appear that the higher relative cost of raw materials in
Czechoslovakia reflects the uneconomic sources of the industry's
supply.
IX. Technology, Quality, and Specifications.
A. Technology.
The organization responsible for the direction of research
and the development of technology in the iron and steel industry of
Czechoslovakia has not been identified. Such an organization
probably is part of the Main Administration of Foundries in the
Ministry of Metals and Ores. This office directs the programming,
controls the budget, and reviews the results of the various research
organizations, and laboratories under its jurisdiction.
Research institutes and experimental laboratories exist in
all of the larger iron and steel plants in Czechoslovakia. The trends
of the investigations under Way in these organizations were itemized
in the First Five Year Plan. The planned projects included research
on the efficient processing of domestic ores, the development of
economical methods for producing pig iron and steel, the manufacturing
and casting of steel, the processing of steel by moulding, the refining
of steels, the manufacture of pure metals, the economical production
of semifinished and finished steel products, new applications of
steels and of variously formed metals and alloys, metallurgical
analysis, and methods of testing metallurgical products.
The First Five Year Plan allocated 345.5 million crowns for the
new research institutions, about 2 percent of all investment planned
for metallurgical plants in Czechoslovakia. Allocation included an
unknown amount for the development of research on nonferrous metals.
Planned investment in research and development in the iron and steel
industry of Czechoslovakia in 1949-53 is shown in Table 26.*
* Table 26 follows on p. 56.
-55-
S-E-C-R-E-T
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/05/20:
CIA-RDP79R01141A000600050001-8
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/05/20:
CIA-RDP79R01141A000600050001-8
S-E-C-R-E-T
Table 26
Planned Investments in Research and Development
in the Iron and Steel Industry of Czechoslovakia .2/
1949-53
Amount
Organization (Million Crowns)
Construction of research
institute (no further
information)
Completion of research institute
155.3
(no further information)
31.0
Welding institute in Slovakia
13.0
Research institute in Vitkovice
66.0
Research institute in Trinec
27.2
Research institute in Kladno
4o.o
Research institute in Podbrezova
13.0
Total 345.5
a. 151/
In addition to the 345.5 million crowns allocated for the
building of research institutes, 750 million crowns were allocated
for the performance of research in metallurgy at existing institutions
and laboratories. 152/
Professional competence is ata premium at all levels of the
iron and steel industry in Czechoslovakia. Before World War II,
Czechoslovak engineers, technicians, plant foremen, and skilled
workers were recognized internationally for their ability and for
-56-
S-E-C-R-E-T
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/05/20:
CIA-RDP79R01141A000600050001-8
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/05/20:
CIA-RDP79R01141A000600050001-8
S-E-C-R-E-T
the quality of their products. The war interrupted professional
training for 7 years, and, as a result, there has been a shortage
of well-trained, efficient personnel at all levels of the industry,
from the mining of raw materials through the finishing of steel
products. Another factor contributing to the shortage of key
personnel was the purge of workers following the Communist coup of
February 1948. Engineers, technicians, administrators, and skilled
laborers were removed from their jobs and replaced by individuals
whose only qualification was political reliability. , The lack of
competent personnel has been reflected in the quality of the industry's
output and has been an important reason for failures to meet planned
goals. 153/
B. Quality.
The reputation of the iron and steel industry in Czechoslovakia
for the quality of its products before World War II has suffered in
recent years. The use of inferior raw materials, the shortages of
alloying metals, the ever-increasing production norms in steel plants,.
the scarcity of competent personnel, and the high rate of absenteeism
of workers have all contributed to the poor quality of steel products.
Rejection of steel items by consumers in Czechoslovakia is common,
and complaints of traditional buyers of Czechoslovak steel outside of
the country, particularly in the West, have resulted in failures to
reorder. 154/
C. Specifications.
A complete list of standards to cover all steel produced in
Czechoslovakia has not been issued, and the lack of such a list has
been a subject of concern in technical publications. Czechoslovak
standards began to be issued in 1950, and at the present time they
cover only those steel which are most widely sold or which are most
difficult to produce. Designations usually consist of the initials
CSN, the number 41 or 42, and a four-digit number. Standard Class
41 and 42 are reserved for the metallurgical industry.
Soviet long-range plans for the integration of the steel
industries of the European Satellites include the standardization of
all steel products to Soviet GUST specifications, but little pre-
paratory work has been done in Czechoslovakia to achieve such
unification. 15_5/
-57-
S-E-C-R-E-T
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/05/20:
CIA-RDP79R01141A000600050001-8
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/05/20
IA-RDP79R01141A000600050001-8
S-E-C-R-E-T
X. Capabilities, Vulnerabilities, and Intentions.
A. Capabilities.
The iron and steel industry of Czechoslovakia ranks first in
production among the European Satellites and contributes significantly
to the economy of the Sino-Soviet Bloc in exports of metallurgical
coke and finished Steel. Abundant resources of coking coal would
provide an economic base for substantial expansion of production if
Western sources of high-grade iron ore were freely available. Under
the policies imposed by the Czechoslovak government, however, the
industry will continue to be handicapped by inadequate and sub-
standard domestic iron ore and by the long rail haul of iron ore from
the Krivoy Rog, its principal source.
B. Vulnerabilities.
Economically and strategically the iron and steel industry of
Czechoslovakia is vulnerable to any interruption in the importation of
its raw materials. The larger part of the requirements for iron ore
and almost the entire supply of alloying materials are imported.
Interruption of the delivery of these raw materials would result in
curtailment of production.
The industry is also vulnerable to the extent that concentration
of facilities constitutes a vulnerability. Vitkovice contains 2 steel
plants: the Vitkovice Ironworks and the Klement Gottwald Steelworks,
whose blast furnaces produce approximately 41 percent of the nation's
pig iron and 48 percent of its crude steel. The V.M. Molotov Ironworks
at Trinec produces approximately 39 percent of the pig iron output of
Czechoslovakia and 35 percent of the crude steel. The Poldina Steel
Plant at Kladno, maker of the famous Poldi special steels, produces
about 58 percent of the electric-furnace steel.
C. Intentions.
Intentions of the government of Czechoslovakia to shift to a
wartime economy would not be immediately evident from developments in
the iron and steel industry. If a change of direction is adopted by
the government, the implementation of the "new course" could be con-
cealed by the apparent continued effort of the iron and steel industry
to raise production to a level more in line with capacity and the
announced economic plan goals.
-58-
S-E-C-R-E-T
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/05/20
CIA-RDP79R01141A000600050001-8
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/05/20:
CIA-RDP79R01141A000600050001-8
S-E-C-R-E-T
APPENDIX A
z2;R_p_z_zlyz._2YEAR LAN 1 - FOR THE MET_ALLURGICAL INDUSTRY
IN CZECHOSLOVAKIA
The Czechoslovak First Five Year Plan, which had a 1953 goal of
4.7 million tons of steel, allotted 14.9 billion crowns for invest-
ment in the metallurgical industry. The planned investment program
for the metallurgical industry in Czechoslovakia in 1949-53 is shown
in Table 27.* The planned production of the metallurgical industry
in Czechoslovakia in 1949-53 is shown in Table 28.** The value of
planned production of the metallurgical industry in Czechoslovakia
in 1949-53 is shown in Table 29.***
Table 27 follows on p. 60.
Table 28 follows on p. 61.
xxx Table 29 follows on p. 63.
-59-
S-E-C-R-E-T
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/05/20:
CIA-RDP79R01141A000600050001-8
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/05/20 : CIA-RDP79R01141A000600050001-8
Table 27
Planned Investment Program for the Metallurgical Industry
in Czechoslovakia
1949-53
Amount
Area and Purpose (Million Crowns)
Czechoslovak Provinces (Bohemia and Moravia)
Production of iron and steel, including
central administration, sales outlets,
warehouses, and research institutes
Production of nonferrous metals -
Total
Slovakia
12,999.5
1,033.0
Production of iron and steel 450.0
Welding Research Institute 13.0
New metallurgical plant (believed to be the Huko
Kombinat at Kosice) 50.0
Metallurgical production (wire, screws, cogs) 60.0
Production of nonferrous metals 294.5
Total 867.5
Grand total 14,900.0
a. 1567
-6o-
S-E-C-R-E-T
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/05/20: CIA-RDP79R01141A000600050001-8
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/05/20: CIA-RDP79R01141A000600050001-8
S-E-C-R-E-T
Table 28
Planned Production of the Metallurgical Industry
in Czechoslovakia_21.*
1949-53
Thousand Metric Tons
Product
1949
1950
1951
1952
1953
Metallurgical coke12/
4,820
5,040
5,150
5,565
6,020
' Mining coke
(3,340) Si
(3,550)
(3,550)
(3,550)
(3,550)
Metallurgical coke
(1,480)
(1,490)
(1,600)
(2,015)
(2,470)
Pig iron
1,865
1,890
1,905
2,360
2,725
Foundry
(200)
(200)
(200)
(280)
(310)
Other
(1,665)
(1,690)
(1,705)
(2,090)
(2,415)
Steel
2,650
2,680
2,750
3,160
3,550
(original)
4,700
.
(revised)
Forgings
255
256
296
350
475
Rolling mill products
1,645
1,664
1,666
1,920
2,074
(original)
2,726
(revised)
Products of_wire, screw,
and chain plants
109
118
129
139
152
* Footnotes for Table 28 follow on p. 62.
- 61 -
S-E-C-R-E-T
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/05/20: CIA-RDP79R01141A000600050001-8
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for kel-ea-s-e 2013/05/20 : CIA-RDP79R01141A000600050001-8
Table 28
Planned Production of the Metallurgical Industry
in Czechoslovakia z.a./
1949-53
(Continued)
--r
Product ,1949
Iron and steel plants (86)
Metalworking plants
Iron and steel plants
Metalworking plants N.A.
N.A.
Iron and steel plants (26.5)
Metalworking plants N.A.
Gray iron castings
Wrought iron castings
Steel castings
Thousand Metric Ton
7X0 19.21 l952 1953
N.A. N.A. N.A. 669
(102) (138) (139) (140)
N.A. N.A. N.A. (529)
N.A. N.A. N.A. 19.7
(4.2) (7.7) (7.7) (7.2)
N.A. N.A. N.A. (12.5)
LA. LA. N .A . 151.0
(32.0) (37.0) (41.?) (44.o)
N.A. N.A. N.A. (97-0)
a. 2E/
b. The production of metallurgical coke is concentrated in 11 coke plants. Seven of these
plants are at coal mines, and their production is reported as mine coke; 4 are at steel
plants, and their production is reported as metallurgical coke.
c. Figures in parentheses are components of product category totals.
-62-
S-E-C-R-E-T
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/05/20: CIA-RDP79R01141A000600050001-8
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/05/20:
CIA-RDP79R01141A000600050001-8
S-E-C-R-E-T
Table 29
Value of Planned Production of the Metallurgical Industry
in Czechoslovakia 2/
1949-53
Million Crowns
Product 1949 1950 1951 1952 1953
Pig iron
Steel
Rolled products
and forgings
Products of forges, presses,
and switch and drawing
plants
Products of wire, screw,
and chain plants
Gray iron castings
Iron and steel plants
Metalworking plants
Wrought iron castings
Iron and steel plants
Metalworking plants
Steel castings
Iron and steel plants
Metalworking plants
4,l00 4,160 4,200 5,190 6,000
6,100 6,160 6,320 7,260 8,160
8,740 8,830 9,000 10,430 11,720
9,964 10,543 11,146 11,891 12,981
1,624 1,752 1,919 2,065 2,256
N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. (5,290) s/
N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
N.A. N.A. N.A. (280)
N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. (1,440)
a. 158/
b. Original 1953 plan; the revised plan is not available.
c. Figures in parentheses are components of product category totals.
-63-
S-E-C-R-E-T
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/05/20:
CIA-RDP79R01141A000600050001-8
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/05/20:
CIA-RDP79R01141A000600050001-8
S-E-C-R-E-T
APPENDIX B
FERROUS METALLURGICAL PLANTS IN CZECHOSLOVAKIA IN 1954*
1. Plants in Bohemia.
a. Ceskomoravska-Kolben-Danek, Stalingrad Heavy Equipment Plant
(formerly known as the Marshal Tito Heavy Equipment Plant)
at Pragu
This plant is one of the largest of its kind in Czechoslovakia.
Its iron and steel foundries, which were modernized and expanded during
World War II and again in 1952-54, produce a wide range of finished
iron and steel castings for other fabricating plants. The number, kind,
size, and capacities of steelmaking furnaces are not known.
b. Chabarovice Foundry (formerly known as the Skoda Foundry) at
Chabarovice
This plant contains an iron and a steel foundry which produce
castings for tank tracks, armor plate, motor housings, propellers, hand
grenades, and cogwheels. Facilities and capacities are not known.
c. Julius Fucik Iron and Steel Company (formerly known as the
Poldihuette Company) at Chomutov
This plant was constructed in 1916 by the Poldina Steel Plant
to process semifinished steel produced in its Kladno Plant.
Two 0.5-ton electric furnaces and one 5-ton in the iron and
steel foundry are estimated to have produced 6,000 tons of steel and
3,500 tons of castings in 1954.
50X1
50X1
50X1
50X1
-65-
S-E-C-R-E-T
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/05/20:
CIA-RDP79R01141A000600050001-8
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/05/20:
CIA-RDP79R01141A000600050001-8
S-E-C-R-E-T
Finishing facilities include 1 hot rolling mill, 1 cold
rolling mill, annealing shops, 2 rod and wire drawing shops, and
1 structural shap cold drawing shop. Because no information is avail-
able on the amount of semifinished steel shipped into the plant from
the Poldina Steel Plant at Kladno, production of finished steel cannot
be estimated.
d. Gustav Klimentis Ironworks (also known as the Skoda-Hradek
Ironworks j the Bila Cerkev Ironworks and the Rokycany
Ironworks) at Hradek
This plant, constructed in the 1920's by the Skoda Works to
meet the requirements of the Pilsen plant for a wide variety of shapes
and sections, was expanded during World War II and in postwar years.
In 1954, three 30-ton open-hearth furnaces had a capacity
estimated at 87,800 tons of crude steel. Production is supplemented
by shipments of ingot steel and semifinished steel from the Vitkavice
Ironworks, the Konev Steel Plant, and the Poldina Steel Plant.
Finishing facilities include 1 hot bar mill, 1 cold bar,
1 structural mill, 1 profile mill, and 1 forge shop.
Gustav Klimentis National Tube Rolling Mill (also known as
the Chomutov Rolling Mill) at Chomutov
This rolling mill was built in 1880-90 and expanded during
the First Five Year Plan (1949-53)? Ingot steel is received from the
Konev Steel Plant at Kladno, the May Day Steel Plant at Most, the
V.I. Lenin Machine Building Plant at Pilsen, and the Poldina Steel
Plant at Kladno. Products include seamless tubes up to 50 millimeters
(mm) in diameter, pipes, metal flasks, drive shafts, and steel masts.
Finishing facilities include 2 blooming mills, 4 continuous
pipe mills, 5 hot drawing mills, and 1 cold drawing mill. Production
of finished steel in 1954 is estimated at 125,000 to 150,000 tons.
f. Konev Steel Plant (formerly known as the Prague Industrial
Corporation)_ at Kladno
Blast furnaces were rebuilt and rolling mills were mechanized
at this integrated steel plant during the First Five Year Plan. One
coke battery of 60 to 80 ovens has an annual capacity estimated at
450,000 tons of metallurgical coke. Four blast furnaces, each with
-66-
S-E-C-R-E-T
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/05/20:
CIA-RDP79R01141A000600050001-8
50X1
50X1
50X1
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/05/20:
CIA-RDP79R01141A000600050001-8
S-E-C-R-E-T
a daily capacity of 200 tons, have an annual capacity estimated at
272,000 tons of pig iron. Two open-hearth shops contain an unknown
number of open-hearth furnaces, 5 Bessemer converters, and a 6- to
8-ton electric furnace, with annual capacities estimated at 233,600
tons, 200,000 tons, and 7,000 tons, respectively.
Finishing facilities include 1 blooming mill, 2 roughing mills,
1 rail mill, 1 hoop mill, 1 sheet mill, and 1 rod mill. Production in
1954 is estimated at 250,000 tons of rolling mill products and 2,000
tons of steel castings.
g. Kraluv Dvur Iron Works (also known as the Sokolovsky Iron Works)
at Kraluv Dvur
This 50-year-old plant was operated during World War II by the
Germans, who expanded facilities, including many of the present rolling
mills. The First Five Year Plan provided for the constriction of an
iron foundry with an annual capacity of 42,000 tons. The plant formerly
contained open-hearth furnaces and Bessemer converters, but these steel-
making facilities were dismantled in the postwar period. Two small blast
furnaces were torn down and replaced by 1 blast furnace with a daily
capacity of 275 tons and 1 blast furnace with a daily capacity of 130
tons. Capacity in 1954 is estimated at 138,000 tons of pig iron, of
which approximately 40,000 tons is foundry pig iron. The balance is
steel pig iron which is shipped to other steel plants.
Finishing facilities include 1 hot sheet mill, 1 cold strip
mill, and 2 cluster mills. Steel billets are shipped into the plant for
processing from the Konev and Vitkovice steel plants. Production of
rolled products in 1954 is estimated at 50,000 tons.
h. V.I. Lenin Machine Building Plant (formerly known as the Skoda
Pilsen Machine Building Plant
at Pilsen
This plant, in operation in the mid-1800's, has been expanded
into the largest of its kind in Czechoslovakia. It contains two iron
foundries, a steel foundry with a forge shop, and steelmaking furnaces.
Crude steel facilities include 8 open-hearth furnaces, as
follows: 2 Of 15 tons, 2 of 30 tons, 1 of 35 tons, 1 of 40 tons, and
2 of 50 tons. The annual capacity of these open-hearth furnaces is
estimated at 258,400 tons. There are also two 6-ton electric furnaces
and two 10-ton electric furnaces with an annual capacity estimated at
32,000 tons. Although this plant, therefore, has the capacity to
- 67 -
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/05/20:
CIA-RDP79R01141A000600050001-8
50X1
50X1
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/05/20:
CIA-RDP79R01141A000600050001-8
S-E-C-R-E-T
produce an estimated 290,400 tons of crude steel annually, operations of
such facilities are based on the demands of consumers. Production of
crude steel in 1954 probably amounted to 150,000 to 175,000 tons.
i. May D
Most
as the Most Steel Plant) at
This plant, which produces principally wire products, was over-
hauled in 1950, including the rebuilding of 2 open-hearth furnaces which
were rebuilt to a capacity of 4o tons. A third furnace was added in
1951. Crude steel capacity in 1954 is estimated at 117,000 tons.
Approximately 45 percent of crude steel is shipped to the Julius Fucik
National Tube Mill at Chomutov for finishing.
Finishing facilities include 1 reversing mill, 5 continuous
mills, 1 structural mill, and 1 wire-twisting mill. Production of
finished steel, consisting of structurals, reinforcing steel, and wire
products, is estimated at 62,000 tons in 1954.
j. Poldina Steel Plant at Kladno
This plant, famous for Poldi special steels,. operates on
shipments of pig iron from other plants. Production of crude steel
is supplemented by shipments from the nearby Konev Steel Plant.
Steel Shop No. 1, contains 6 to 8 small open-hearth furnaces
of unknown capacities and 3 to 7 electric furnaces with capacities
ranging from 10 to 20 tons. Steel Shop No. 2 contains 3 or 4 small
open-hearths and possibly 2 electric furnaces. The production goal
was 130,000 tons of crude steel in 1951. Production in 1954 is
estimated at approximately 150,000 tons.
Finishing facilities include 1 billet mill, 2 structural
mills, 1 stainless steel mill, 1 plate mill, 1 wire mill, and 2
forge shops. Production of finished steel in 1954 is estimated at
approximately 82,000 tons.
k. Skoda Foundry No. 1 (formerly known as the Alba Iron Foundry)
at Horovice
This foundry makes electric furnace steel and steel castings
for diesel motors and parts. The number and size of the electric
furnaces are unknown.
-68-
S-E-C-R-E-T
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/05/20:
CIA-RDP79R01141A000600050001-8
50X1
50X1
50X1
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/05/20:
CIA-RDP79R01141A000600050001-8
S-E-C-R-E-T
1. Skoda Steel Plant No. 4 at Horavic
Construction of this plant began in 1948. No information is
available on the type and size of the furnaces installed for the
production of crude steel for castings.
in. Sokolov Chemical Plant
formerl
known as the Falknov Chemical
Plant) at Sokolov
Before World War II this plant produced ferrochrome, ferro-
manganese, and ferrovanadium. Production in 1954 was limited to the
production of ferrochrome in 2 or 3 electric furnaces of unknown
capacities.
. Zbrojovka-Brno in Tynec nad Sazavou (formerly known as the Jawa
Foundryj at Tynec nad Sazavou
This small foundry, with an unknown number of electric furnaces,
produces steel castings. The production goal in 1953 was 2,200 tons of
electric furnace steel. Capacity in 1954 is estimated at 2,500 tons.
2. Plants in Moravia.
a. First Brno and Kralavo Pole Engineering Works, Gottwald
Factories also known as the Klement Gottwald Machine Building
Plant No. 1) at Brno
This plant is an important manufacturer of industrialmaohinery.
Its steel foundry is reported to contain 1 open-hearth furnace, 1
Bessemer converter, and 2 electric furnaces. No further information
is available.
b. General Svoboda Coke-Chemical Plant (formerly known as the
Frantisek CakeCheMiCal Plant) at PriVoz
In 1954 this plant had 7 coke batteries of 368 ovens with an
annual capacity estimated at 1,420,000 tons of metallurgical coke.
c. Klement Gottwald Steelworks (also known as the Kuncice Steel-
works, the "Czech Donbas " and Vitkovice South) at Kuncice
nad Ostravici
In 1946, plans were made to expand a small pipe and tube mill
at Kuncice into an integrated steel mill by the end of 1955. The First
-69-
S-E-C-R-E-T
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/05/20:
CIA-RDP79R01141A000600050001-8
50X1
50X1
50X1
50X1
50X1
50X1
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/05/20:
CIA-RDP79R01141A000600050001-8
S-E-C-R-E-T
Five Year Plan provided for coke ovens with an annual capacity of
500,000 tons, 2 blast furnaces with an annual capacity of 500,000 tons,
open-hearth furnaces, and rolling mills.
In 1954, 3 coke batteries of 216 ovens had an annual capacity
estimated at 1 million tons of metallurgical coke. Two 700-ton blast
furnaces had an annual capacity estimated at 476,000 tons of pig irbn.
Four 200- to 250-ton open-hearth furnaces had an annual capacity esti-
mated at from 572,000 to 650,000 tons of crude steel.
Finishing facilities include 1 blooming mill, 1 sheet mill
with an annual capacity of 1.2 million tons, 1 plate mill, 1 pipe and
tube mill, 1 seamless tube mill, 1 steel foundry, I forge shop, and
1 galvanizing shop. Because an unknown amount of semifinished steel
is received from the Vitkovice Ironworks, production of finished steel
in 1954 cannot be estimated.
d. Jan Coke-Chemical Plant (also known as the Larisch-filoenich
Coke-Chemical Plant) at Karvinna
Doly)
In 1954 this plant had 4 coke batteries of 125 ovens with an
annual capacity estimated at 236,900 tons of metallurgical coke.
e. Gustav Klimentis Wire and Cable Factory (also known as the
Bohumin Wire and Cable Factory and formerly as the Albert Hahn
Ironworks
at Novy Bohumin
The First Five Year Plan provided for the modernization of
this plant and for the installation of a new wire mill with an annual
capacity of 250,000 tons, a drairing mill, and an iron foundry with an
annual capacity of 14,000 tons.
In 1954, 6 small open-hearth furnaces and 1 electric, all of
unknown size, had a capacity estimated at 110,000 tons to 125,000 tons
of crude steel. Production is supplemented by shipments of about
13,000 tons of semifinished steel annually from other plants.
Finishing .facilities include 1 blooming and billet mill, 1
slabbing mill, 1 structural mill, 1 wire-drawing mill, 1 seamless
tube mill, 1 butt-welded pipe shop, and 1 nail shop. Production of
finished steel in 1954 is estimated at 99,400 tons and consists of
structurals, plate, pipes and tubes, and wire products.
-70-
S-E-C-R-E-T
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/05/20:
CIA-RDP79R01141A000600050001-8
50X1
50X1
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/05/20:
CIA-RDP79R01141A000600050001-8
S-E-C-R-E-T
f. Lazy Coke-Chemical Plant at Lazy
This plant, with 1 coke battery of 55 ovens, had an capacity
estimated at 250,000 tons in 1954.
g. Mesto Zdar Iron and Steel Foundry at Mesto Zdar
50X1
50X1
This foundry contains 3 electric furnaces of unknown size and
in 1954 had a capacity estimated at 24,000 tons of crude steel and
14,000 tons of steel castings.
h. V.M. Molotov Ironworks faiso known as the Trinec Ironworks)
at Trine[ 50X1
The V.M. Molotov Ironworks is 1 of the 3 largest integrated
steel plants in the country. The First Five Year Plan provided funds
for expansion, including a blast furnace, a sintering plant, coke ovens,
open-hearth furnaces, hot rolling mills, a refractory plant, additional
power facilities, and a gray iron foundry.
In 1954, 6 coke batteries, with 201 ovens, had an estimated
capacity of 793,000 tons of metallurgical coke.
Pig iron facilities consist of 6 blast furnaces with estimated
daily capacities as follows: 1 of 270 tons, 1 of 225 tons, a of 325
tons, 1 of 650 tons, and 2 of 730 to 900 tons. Total annua.1 capacity
of these blast furnaces is estimated at 996,000 to 1;112,000 tons.
Crude steel facilities include 17 open-hearth furnaces with capacities
as follows: 1 of 20 to 25 tons, 5 of 45 to 50 tons, 2 of 65 to 70
tons, 2 of 100 to 120 tons, 5 of 120 to 140 tons, and 2 of 150 tons.
rotal annual capacity of these open-hearth furnaces in 1954 is esti-
mated at 1,081,000 to 1,211,000 tons. There are also two 10-ton
electric furnaces with an annual capacity estimated at 20,000 tons.
Total crude steel capacity in 1954 is therefore estimated at 1,101,000
to 1,231,000 tons.
Finishing facilities include 1 blooming mill with an annual
capacity of 600,000 tons, 1 blooming mill with an annual capacity of
700,000 tons, 1 universal mill, 1 continuous mill, 1 rail mill, 4
structural mills, 1 wire mill, 1 forge shop, 1 centrifugal pipe
casting shop, and 1 steel foundry. Because an unknown amount of
semifinished steel is shipped to other plants for finishing, pro-
duction of finished steel cannot be estimated.
-71-
S-E-C-R-E-T
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/05/20:
CIA-RDP79R01141A000600050001-8
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/05/20:
CIA-RDP79R01141A000600050001-8
S-E-C-R-E-T
i. Moravian Steel Plant, (former3ly known as the Re cin Iron
and Steel Foundry) at Olomouc 50X1
This small iron and steel foundry produces iron and steel
castings and pipe. The steel foundry contains two 3-ton electric
furnaces which had a capacity estimated at 6,000 tons of steel in
1954.
mills.
j?
Finishing facilities include a steel foundry and two pipe
Ostrava Machine Tool Plant and Foundry -(formery known as
the Elbertshagen and Glassner Machine Tool Plant and Foundry
at Moravska-Ostrava
The foundry of this plant contains an unknown number of fur-
naces for the production of crude steel for castings.
k. President Benes Coke-Chemical Plant (formerly known as the
Hohenegger C ke Plant
at Karvinna poly)
and the Hohanneschacht Coke Plant)
In 1954 this plant had 4 coke batteries of 137 ovens with an
annual capacity estimated at 325,000 tons of metallurgical coke.
p
1. Stalingrad Ironworks (also kn -Turn RR th Lisknypo Trnworks
and Karlova Hut) at LiskOvec
This plant, built in the late 1890's, was modernized by the
Germans during World War II and expanded in 1950 by the addition of
a cold rolling mill. Semifinished steel is received from steel mills
at Vitkovice and Trinec and from the Konev Steel Plant in Kladno.
Finishing facilities include 1 hot-dip tinplate mill, 1 cold
strip mill, 2 hot pack mills, 2 cold sheet mills, 1 plate mill, 1
zinc-coating shop, and 1 bridge construction shop. Products include
sheet, plate, tinplate, galvanized sheet and plate, and bridge
assemblies. Production of finished steel in 1954 is estimated at
250,000 tons.
7 72 -
S-E-C-R-E-T
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/05/20:
CIA-RDP79R01141A000600050001-8
50X1
50X1
50X1
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/05/20:
CIA-RDP79R01141A000600050001-8
S-E-C-711E-T
m. Storek Krenova Machine Building Plant at Brno
The steel foundry of this plant produces crude steel for
castings either in 1 or more electric furnaces installed by the
Germans during World War II or in 3 small gas-heated, open-hearth
furnaces of unknown capacity.
50X1
n. Svinov Tube Rolling Mill at Svinov 50X1
This tube mill, Under the direction of the Vitkovice Ironworks,
was equipped originally with a small Pilger mill. It has been expanded
to produce seamless tubes and electrically welded tubes. Production
in 1954 is estimated at 20,000 to 25,000 tons of pipes and tubes.
o. Tatra Motor Vehicle and Railroad Car Plant (formerly known
as the Ringhoffer Motor Vehicle and Railroad Car Plant)
at KOprivnit 50X1
This plant contains a steel foundry and forge shop. An unknown
number of electric furnaces produces crude steel for casting and
forgings
p. Tovarna Obrabecich Stroju (TOS) Machine Tool Factory (also
known as the Great October Machine Tool Plant and as the
Gloekner Motor Vehicle Plant) at Kuri
This factory, which was almost entirely destroyed during World
War II, contains a new steel foundry which was completed in 1952.
In 1954, 3 or more electric furnaces are estimated to have
produced 15,000 tons of crude steel and 10,000 tons of steel castings.
q. Tro4ice Coke-Chemical Plant (also known as the Trinity Coke-
Chemical Plant and formerly as the Wilczek Coke-Chemical Plant
at Slezaka Ostrave
In 1954 this plant, with 3 coke batteries of 90 coke ovens, hall
a capacity estimated at 190,000 tons of metallurgical coke.
-73-
S-E-C-R-E-T
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/05/20:
CIA-RDP79R01141A000600050001-8
50X1
50X1
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/05/20:
CIA-RDP79R01141A000600050001-8
S-E-C-R-E-T
r. Vaclav Coke-Chemical Plant at Poruba
This plant consists of 1 coke battery of 40 ovens and in 1954
had a capacity estimated at 90,000 tons of metallurgical coke.
s. Vitkovice Ironworks at Vitkovic(
This plant, which was founded in 1928, has been expanded into
1 of the 3 largest integrated steel plants in Czechoslovakia. Pro-
duction includes iron and,steel castings, forgings, blooms, billets,
bars, skelp, plate and sheet, strip steel, seamless and welded pipes
and tubes, screws, bridge constructions, and mining equipment.
In 1954, 2 groups of coke batteries -- the Karolina, with 4
batteries of 216 ovens, and the Vitkovice, with 3 batteries of 154
ovens -- had a capacity estimated at 1,157,000 tons of metallurgical
coke.
Pig iron facilities consist of 5 blast furnaces with daily
capacities as follows: 1 of 350 tons, 1 of 375 tons, and 3 of 600
tons. Total annual capacity of these blast furnaces in 1954 is esti-
mated at 858,500 tons. Crude steel facilities include 14 open-hearth
furnaces with capacities as follows: 1 of 30 to 40 tons, 2 of 35 to
40 tons, 1 of 40 to 45 tons, 1 of 120 to 140 tons, 1 of 140 to 160
tons, 1 of 160 to 180 tons, 1 of 200 to 225 tons, and 6 of 220 to 250
tons. Total annual capacity of these open-hearth furnaces in 1954 is
estimated at 1,416,900 to 1,616,700 tons. There are also 4 electric
furnaces, as follows: 1 of 5 tons, 2 of 10 tons, and 1 of 30 to 40
tons. Annual capacity of these electric furnaces in 1954 is estimated
at 55,000 to 65,000 tons. Total crude steel capacity in 1954 is
therefore estimated at 1,471,900 to 1,681,700 tons.
Finishing facilities include 1 blooming mill, 1 billet mill,
1 bar mill, 3 plate mills, 2 sheet mills, 1 rail and structural mill,
1 universal mill, 1 280-mm strip mill, 1 450-mm rolling mill, 1 330-
rolling mill, 1 280-mm rolling mill, 1 350-mm finishing mill, 1
280-mm finishing mill, 1 pipe and tube mill, 1 steel foundry, and 1
forge shop. Because ingots and semifinished steel are shipped in
unknown quantities to other finishing mills, no estimate can be made
of production of finished steel in 1954.
-74-
S-E-C-R-E-T
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/05/20:
CIA-RDP79R01141A000600050001-8
50X1
50X1
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/05/20:
CIA-RDP79R01141A000600050001-8
3. Plants in Slovakia.
a. East Slovak Machine Buildin Plant also known as the CKD
Krivan Plant) at Prakovce
The steel foundry in this plant contains an unknown number of
furnaces of unknown size for the production of crude steel for castings.
b. Hlinik nad Hronom Steel Foundry at Hlinik nad Hronom
This foundry, completed in March 1951, contains three electric
furnaces of an unknown size for the production of crude steel for
castings.
c. Hronec Iron and Steel Foundry at Hronec
The First Five Year Plan provided a sum equal to us $800,000
for the modernization and expansion of this foundry. A steel foundry
with an annual capacity of 10,000 tons was completed and probably
yields 5,000 to 6,000 tons of finished castings.
d. Kavohute Plant at Banska Stiavnica
Little information is available on this plant, which probably
has electric furnace capacity for making crude steel for castings.
e. Viliam Siroky Iron and Copper Works at Krompachy
Construction of this plant was begun in 1938, suspended during
World War II, and given high priority by the First Five Year Plan.
Information on steelmaking facilities is not available, but the plant
probably contains steelmaking furnaces.
f. Stalin Heavy Machinery Plant (also known as the CKD Krivan
Heavy Machinery Plant) at Turciansky Svaty Martin
Construction of this plant began in mid-1947. Plans included
one 600-ton blast furnace, 3 open-hearth furnaces, and 1 light rolling
mill of Czechoslovak design. A foundry, the equipment of which is
not known, went into production in December 1949. A steel foundry,
-75-
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/05/20:
CIA-RDP79R01141A000600050001-8
50X1
50X1
50X1
50X1
50X1
50X1
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/05/20
CIA-RDP79R01141A000600050001-8
S-E-C-R-E-T
with an unknown number of electric furnaces, was under construction
in October 1952. The three small open-hearth furnaces were scheduled
for operation in 1953. In 1954 the electric and open-hearth furnaces
probably were producing crude steel for castings.
g. Sverma Ironworks (also known as the Central Slovak Ironworks)
at Podbrezova
This plant, built in 1860, was modernized during the First
Five Year Plan. The open-hearth furnaces were rebuilt, and additions
included a scrap crusher, new gas generators, and a pipe mill.
In 1954, 1 small blast furnace had an annual capacity esti-
mated at 100,000 tons of pig iron. Additional pig iron is received
from the nearby Tisovec Blast Furnace Plant. Five 40-ton open-hearth
furnaces and one 10-ton electric furnace had a capacity estimated at
205,000 tons of crude steel.
Finishing facilities include 1 universal mill, 3 structural
mills, 1 rod mill, 1 sheet and strip mill, and 1 seamless tube mill
Production of finished steel in 1954 is estimated at 107,000 tons.
h. Tisovec Blast Furnace Plant (also known as the Mosa Blast
Furnace Plant) at Tisovec
The single blast furnace at this plant was overhauled following
World War II. The entire production, estimated at 40,000 tons in 1954,
is consumed by the nearby Sverma Ironworks.
50X1
50X1
1. K.Ye. Voroshilov Armament Plant lalso known as the Skoda
Armament Plant) at DUhnica nad Vahom 50X1
This plant, constructed in the 1920's by the Skoda Works,
Pilsen, was enlarged before World War II and again during German
occupation.
In 1947 the Czechoslovak government made plans to transfer all
armament production of the Skoda Pilsen Plant to Dubnica nad Vahom.
At present the plant is being expanded again, and a new town is being
built nearby to house the workers.
-76-
S-E-C-R-E-T
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/05/20
CIA-RDP79R01141A000600050001-8
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/05/20:
CIA-RDP79R01141A000600050001-8
S-E-C-R-E-T
In 1948-49 a new iron and steel foundry, reportedly one of the
largest in Czechoslovakia, was started. It contains one 15-ton open-
hearth furnace with an annual capacity estimated at 14,600 tons and
two 6-ton and two 4-ton electric furnaces with an annual capacity
estimated at 20,000 tons. All steel is used to make steel castings,
production of which in 1954 is estimated at 19,000 tons.
-77-
S-E-C-R-E-T
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/05/20:
CIA-RDP79R01141A000600050001-8
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/05/20:
CIA-RDP79R01141A000600050001-8
S-E-C-R-E-T
APPENDIX C
METHODOLOGY
The methodology employed in this report in reaching conclusions and
in making estimates has been explained, in most instances, in the text
or in the footnotes to tables. Methods not so given are described
below.
1. Pig Iron and Crude Steel.
a. Estimates of Production.
The
1954 estimate of production of crude steel, 4.3 million tons, was
based on an announcement made by the Czechoslovak delegate at the
April 1955 meeting of the Steel Committee of the Economic Commission
for Europe and, pending further information, is believed to be
approximately correct and within the capabilities of the iron and
steel industry. Production estimates based on the output of individual
steel plants were not possible with the information available.
The estimate of production of electric furnace steel was
based on a factor of 1,000 tons of steel annually per ton of furnace
capacity. Experience has shown this factor to be consistently within
reason, although production from various types of furnaces fluctuates
widely.
50X1
50X1
50X1
50X1
b. Estimates of Ca:paciy.
Daily capacities of blast furnaces generally were available.
Each capacity was multiplied by 340, the estimated number of operating
days per year, to obtain the estimated annual capacity for production
of pig iron. An example follows:
-79-
S-E-C-R-E7T
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/05/20:
CIA-RDP79R01141A000600050001-8
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/05/20:
CIA-RDP79R01141A000600050001-8
S-E-C-R-E-T
Estimated 1954 Blast-Furnace Capacity of the V.M. Molotov Ironworks
at Trinec
Blast
Furnace
Number
Estimated Daily
Production
(Metric Tons)
Operating Days
per Year
Production Capacity
eThousand Metric Tons)
1
270
340
91.8
2
225
340
76.5
3
325
340
110.5
4
650
340
221.0
5
730 to 900
34o
248.2 to 306.0
6
730 to 900
340
248.2 to 306.0
Estimated pig iron capacity 996.2 to 1,111.8
50X1
50X1
Estimated 1954 Steel Capacity of the V.M. Molotov Ironworks at Trinec
Number
of
Furnaces
Capacity of Each
(Metric Tons)
Heats
per Day
Operating
Days per Year
Production Capacity
(Thousand Metric Tons)
Open-Hearth Shop No. 1
3
2
325
325
219.5 to 244.0
78.0 to 91.0
5 45 to 50
1 120 to 140
Open-Hearth Shop No. 2
1
20 to 25
3
325
19.5 to 24.4
2
65 to 70
3
325
126.8 to 136.4
2
100 to 120
2
325
130.0 to 156.0
4
120 to 140
2
325
312.0 to 364.0
??
Open-Hearth Shop No. 3
2
150
2
325
195.0
Total open-hearth steel capacity 1,080.8 to 1,210.8
- 80 -
S-E-C-R-E-T
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/05/20:
CIA-RDP79R01141A000600050001-8
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/05/20:
CIA-RDP79R01141A000600050001-8
S-E-C-R-E-T
- 81 -
S-E-C-R-E-T
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/05/20:
CIA-RDP79R01141A000600050001-8
50X1
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/05/20:
CIA-RDP79R01141A000600050001-8
R
Next 11 Page(s) In Document Denied
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/05/20:
CIA-RDP79R01141A000600050001-8
50X1
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/05/20: CIA-RDP79R01141A000600050001-8
SECRET
12 14 16 18 20 22
Karvina
CZECHOSLOVAKIA
. ? .
r . :,....
President Benei 0 \
Lazy 0
IRON AND STEEL PLANTS
? Chabafovice. .
..r...
Poruba 0
0 Blast furnace ? Rolling mill
P' Kladno
..?
Novy Bohumin GI MI
i7 Steelmaking Plant 0 Metallurgical coke plant
r 7 ONIGIO Konev
7
? Slezska Ostrava 0
.1-- * Chomutov / mMOS T-2 ? Gil Poldina
.?WI =
? ?