PRODUCTION OF CIVILIAN RADIO AND TELEVISION RECEIVERS IN THE SOVIET BLOC

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP79R01141A000100140002-2
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 56
• Document Creation Date: December 23, 2016
• Document Release Date: March 27, 2013
• Sequence Number: 2
• Publication Date: December 13, 1954
• Content Type: REPORT

Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/03/27: CIA-RDP79RO1141A000100140002-2
SECRET
ECONOMIC INTELLIGENCE REPORT
PRODUCTION OF CIVILIAN RADIO AND
TELEVISION RECEIVERS IN THE SOVIET BLOC
CIA/RR 11-S-1
13 December 1954
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
OFFICE OF RESEARCH AND REPORTS
SECRET
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/03/27: CIA-RDP79RO1141A000100140002-2
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/03/27: CIA-RDP79RO1141A000100140002-2
WARNING
This material contains information affecting
the National Defense of the United States
within the meaning of the espionage laws,
Title 18, USC, Secs. 793 and 794, the trans-
mission or revelation of which in any manner
to an unauthorized person is prohibited by law.
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/03/27: CIA-RDP79RO1141A000100140002-2
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/03/27: CIA-RDP79RO1141A000100140002-2
S -E -C -R -E -T
PRODUCTION OF CIVILIAN RADIO AND TELEVISION RECEIVERS
IN THE SOVIET BLOC
CIA/RR 11-S-1
(ORR Project 36.306)
Office of Research and Reports
50X1
10
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/03/27: CIA-RDP79RO1141A000100140002-2
S -E -C -R -E -T
 50X1
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/03/27: CIA-RDP79RO1141A000100140002-2
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/03/27: CIA-RDP79RO1141A000100140002-2
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/03/27: CIA-RDP79RO1141A000100140002-2
Page
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
I. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
A. Statement of the Problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
B. Definition of Product . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
C. General Description of the Industry . . . . . . . . . 2
II. Production of Civilian Radio and Television Receivers,
1946-54 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
A. Radio Receivers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
B. Television Receivers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
C. Availability and Price . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
III. Trends and Indications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
A. Trends in Production . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
B. Proportion of the Electronics Industry Devoted to the
Production of Civilian Receivers . . . . . . . . . . 28
C. Indications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Appendixes
Appendix A. Major Radio and Television Plants in the Soviet
Bloc, 1954 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Appendix B. Types and Characteristics of Radio Receivers
Produced in the Soviet Bloc . . . . . . . . . .
Appendix C. Methodology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45
S-E -C -R -E -T
CONTENTS
S-E-C-R-E-T
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/03/27: CIA-RDP79RO1141A000100140002-2
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/03/27: CIA-RDP79RO1141A000100140002-2
S -E -C -R -E -T
Page
Tables
1. Estimated Production of Civilian Radio Receivers in the
Soviet Bloc, 1946-56 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
2. Estimated Production of Civilian Radio Receivers in the
USSR, 1945-56 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
3. Characteristics of Vacuum Tube Receivers Produced in
the USSR . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . 11
4. Characteristics of Vacuum Tube Receivers Produced in .
the European Satellites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Estimated Production of Selected Classes of Civilian
Radio Receivers in the European Satellites as Percentages
of National Production, 1946-54 . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
6. Estimated Production of Television Receivers in the
Soviet Bloc, 1940 and 1947-56 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
7. Characteristics of Television Receivers Produced in the
Soviet Bloc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
8. Prices of Radio and Television Receivers in the USSR . . 25
9. Estimated Value of Radio and Television Receiving Sets
Produced in the Soviet Bloc, 1953 . . . . . . . . . . 29
10. Methodology Used for Estimating the Production of Radio
Receivers in the USSR, 1940 and 1946-53 . . . . . . . . 46
11. Production of Radio Receivers in the Major Radio Plants
in the USSR, 1949 and 1953 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
S-E-C-R-E-T
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/03/27: CIA-RDP79R01141A000100140002-2
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/03/27: CIA-RDP79RO1141A000100140002-2
CIA/RR 11-S-1
(ORR Project 36.306)
S-E-C-R-E-T
PRODUCTION OF CIVILIAN RADIO AND TELEVISION RECEIVERS
IN THE SOVIET BLOC*
Summary
The estimated production of radio receivers in the Soviet Bloc
during 1953 amounted to about 3 million sets. Production is
planned to increase to about 4 million sets during 1954. About 1.5
million receivers, or 50 percent of the total 1953 production, in-
cluding 766,000 crystal sets, were produced in the USSR. Most of
the radio receivers produced are of simple design incapable of re-
ceiving Western stations.
About 75,000 television receivers were also manufactured in
East Germany, Czechoslovakia, and the USSR during 1953. Planned pro-
duction of television receivers in the Soviet Bloc during 1954 is
about 400,000 units. Most of the sets produced in East Germany
were sold in the USSR. About 150,000 television receivers were in
use in the USSR by the end of 1953, and an additional 34,000 had
been produced but were not in use.
Despite the considerable expansion of the electronics industry
of the Soviet Bloc since 1948, the civilian radio and television in-
dustries have claimed a practically constant share -- 6 to 8 percent --
of the total value of the output of the electronics industry. The
electronics industry in the Soviet Bloc continues to be predominantly
engaged in military work, although it is probable that in the future
a larger proportion of its output will be devoted to civilian radio
and television receivers.
* The estimates and conclusions contained in this report represent
the best judgment of the responsible analyst as of 1 November 1954.
S-E-C-R-E-T
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/03/27: CIA-RDP79RO1141A000100140002-2
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/03/27: CIA-RDP79RO1141A000100140002-2
S-E-C-R-E-T
I. Introduction.
CIA estimates have been made of the production of various
types of civilian radio and television receivers in the Soviet
Bloc. l/* The present report reviews these estimates, brings them
up to date, and correlates additional data with them. In addition,
this report classifies receivers by reception capability and thus
furnishes indirect information about the listening audience in the
Bloc.
The report is intended to serve three purposes: (1) to
provide a consolidated reference of available data on Soviet Bloc
radio and television receivers, (2) to make available more definite
information on receivers capable of receiving international broad-
casts, and (3) to provide an indication of the relative economic
value of the civilian and military sectors of the electronics in-
dustry within the Bloc.
B. Definition of Product.
The products covered in this report are the civilian radio
and television receivers distributed to civilian purchasers, insti-
tutions, and public places, and traded with the West and among the
Soviet Bloc countries. Radios used by the civil police, 2-way radios
manufactured for industrial consumers, radios used in relay stations,
and wired radio-speaker systems are considered to be outside the scope
of this report. Loud speakers and replacement parts have also been
omitted.
C. General Description of the Industry.
In general, the receiver industry of the Soviet Bloc, like
the electronics industry, is concentrated in the USSR, East Germany,
Hungary, and Czechoslovakia. These industries operate on a broad
production base to supply a wide variety of electronics apparatus for
military, industrial, and civilian use. Telecommunications equipment,
including all necessary electronics components and tubes, is supplied
to both military and civilian users. To a certain extent, however,
these industries are dependent upon imports from the West for special-
ized test equipment and for raw and semifabricated production materials.
S-E-C-R-E-T
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/03/27: CIA-RDP79RO1141A000100140002-2
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/03/27: CIA-RDP79RO1141A000100140002-2
S-E-C-R-E-T
Plans for the expansion of the receiver industry in the Soviet
Bloc are advancing more rapidly than for the electronics industry as
a whole. This trend was first observed early in 1953 and was con-
firmed by A.I. Mikoyan, Minister of Internal and Foreign Trade, as
the official Soviet policy in late 1953. 2/ The inauguration of the
new policy is taking considerable time. No doubt the prescribed goals
will be met, although there may be additional delays. 3/
The USSR is known to have at least 30 plants whose facil-
ities are totally or partially devoted to the production of radio and
television receivers.* Most of these plants are making, or are
capable of making, products for military as well as civilian use.
The USSR has not made an all-out effort to produce radio
and television receivers. 4/ It has not devoted a major effort to the
design of new receivers, and it continues to prefer to copy Western
(particularly US) systems and tube designs. 5/
The USSR is encountering considerable difficulty in raising
the production of television sets to Plan levels and is approximately
1 year behind schedule in organizing mass production of cathode-ray
tubes and television sets. 6/ The burden of producing television sets
has been placed on the local industries, and the result will probably
be many small producers rather than a few large producers in the
industry. 7/ Some of the small producers include Musical Combine,
Kiev; Experimental Radio, Kuchino; and NII 380, Leningrad.
The mass-produced television sets will be of two types,
1-channel sets and sets of 2 or more channels with frequency modu-
lation (FM) radio. Both types ultimately will have 16-inch screens. 8/
2. East Germany.
East Germany has 27 plants that have been reported as
radio manufacturers and at least 3 other plants that have been reported
as manufacturers of television receivers. 2/ Thirteen of these 30
plants manufacture about 85 percent of the radio and television re-
ceivers produced in the Soviet Bloc, in terms of value of production. 10/
* See Appendix A for a listing of the major radio and television plants
in the Soviet Bloc.
S -E-C -R-E-T
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/03/27: CIA-RDP79RO1141A000100140002-2
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/03/27: CIA-RDP79RO1141A000100140002-2
S-E-C-R-E-T
Frequency modulation (FM) at high frequency is making
great progress in East Germany, and many of the sets sold there
either have FM or have plug adapters, for FM tuners. Several new FM
stations are being built during 1954, and an increased proportion of
new radios have FM. 11 The increased emphasis upon FM receivers may
be a device for limiting reception to Soviet Bloc broadcasts as do
the fixed station receivers now being mass-produced in East
Germany. 12/*
3. Czechoslovakia.
Prewar export catalogues list numerous independent manu-
facturers of radio receivers in Czechoslovakia. In 1948, when the
industry was nationalized and subsequently taken over by the USSR,
there were seven producers capable of quantity production.
The major producers have been absorbed into the Tesla
group, and only 3 plants remain as civilian radio producers. The A.S.
Popov Institute for radio and television research has been moved to
the Mikrofona plant in Prague-Strasnice, and is currently the sole
producer of television receivers in Czechoslovakia. The Mikrofona
plant has been renamed the Josef Haken Plant.
plants in Ostrava and Bratislava will manufacture tele-
vision receivers, and several types of
television receivers will be manufactured. L3/
4. Hungary.
There have been six producers of radios in Hungary since
1948. Of these, only one plant is at present a major producer of
civilian radios. 14 All the plants. make radio goods, but their
major effort is devoted to military production.
Four of the major prewar plants have been combined into
a large establishment in Budapest-Kobanya called Orion. 15 The
former Phillips works is now engaged in tube manufacturing, and the
Beloianniss Factory (formerly International Telephone and Telegraph)
is an occasional manufacturer of radio sets.
* FM bands in the Soviet Bloc have been established within the 60-
to 100-megacycle (MC) range. Some Bloc receivers designed for this
FM service are reported as ultra high frequency (UHF) receivers.
-4-
S -E-C -R -E-T
50X1
5uxi
50X1
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/03/27: CIA-RDP79RO1141A000100140002-2
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/03/27: CIA-RDP79RO1141A000100140002-2
S-E-C-R-E-T
Television sets are being made by the Orion works at
Budapest-Kobanya or by the smaller Orion plant in the Ujpest com-
plex. It is presumed that the Orion Ujpest plant is not producing
any civilian products, and that the new Kobanya plant is large
enough to manufacture television sets as well as radio sets. 16
5. Poland.
There were only two significant producers of radios and
no producers of television sets in Poland in 1953. A small coopera-
tive radio shop is scheduled to begin production of a prototype tele-
vision set in 1954. This shop (Elektromatyka, at Warsaw) has some
of the best engineers in Poland and will probably have the support of
the Polish Industrial Telecommunications Institute in Praga, which is
responsible for television experimentation. 17/
The two radio factories, T-3 (Marcina Kasprzaka, at
Warsaw) which absorbed T-1 and T-13, and T-61 (Zaklady Premyslu
Radiotechnicznego, at Dzieroniow), are both state-owned. These fac-
tories concentrate on the mass production of class 2 and class 3 re-
ceivers.*
The Polish radio receiver industry has remained partially
dependent upon foreign imports. For example, a large portion of the
radio production of Poland consists of sets of Swedish A.G.A. (Svenska
Aktiebolaget Gas Accumulator) design assembled in Poland from Swedish
parts. The most popular mass-produced radio in Poland, the Pioneer, is
constructed with tubes imported from Phillips of the Netherlands. 18
6. Rumania.
Before World War II, Rumania did not possess any radio
manufacturing facilities. The majority of the radios sold in Rumania
were either imported or assembled from imported parts. At present
there are 2 Rumanian plants that assemble radios; 1 plant,
Electromagnetica, has only been in operation since 1952. Electromag-
netica was the former International Telephone and Telegraph factory
in Bucharest. The major plant, Radio Popular, uses the equipment
of the Post Telephone and Telegraph Factory in a new large plant on
the site of the old Phillips plant in Bucharest. 19/
* The various classes of Soviet Bloc radio receivers are defined
on p . 13.
S-E-C-R-E-T
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/03/27: CIA-RDP79RO1141A000100140002-2
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/03/27: CIA-RDP79RO1141A000100140002-2
S-E-C-R-E-T
7. Bulgaria.
The only factory manufacturing radio receivers in Bulgaria
is part of the industrial enterprise Elprom -- Elektricheskaya Promish-
lenost. Elprom consists of several manufacturers. Radios are made
in one of the Kliment Voroshilov plantswhich is now undergoing ex-
pansion. The new plant is located in Knyazheva, a suburb of Sofia,
on the premises of the prewar Khristo Botev radio factory. The central
radio plant is composed of the old State radio factory and machinery
from former privately owned plants. Many of the tubes and components
are still imported. I
II. Production of Civilian Radio and Television Receivers, 191+6-51+.
In general, the assembly of civilian radio and television
receivers is a relatively simple undertaking. If the assembling
industry is supplied with sufficient quantities and types of tubes,
resistors, capacitors, and other components, large numbers of re-
ceiving sets of varying degrees of complexity and performance can be
produced. Ample plant capacity and skill for the assembly of these
sets on almost any desired scale exists in the Soviet Bloc.
Soviet Bloc plans include large increases in the produc-
tion of receivers. 20/ These increases will require larger supplies
of components than in former years. The supply of components could
be the limiting factor in increasing production, as there have been
occasional shortages of components in all Bloc countries. To
supply the necessary components for the receiver industry, the existing
production facilities must be expanded. There are indications that the
components industry will be expanded to keep pace with requirements.
Communist policymakers realize the value of radio as a
mass communication medium and have concentrated available resources
on the production of large quantities of small, less complex sets.
The production of sets with four or fewer tubes has become very
common in the Soviet Bloc, and even simple crystal sets are being
produced in large numbers in the USSR. The manufacture of simple
sets has enabled the Bloc to meet production plans. Although there
is no positive indication that the production of such simplified
S-E-C-R-E-T
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/03/27: CIA-RDP79RO1141A000100140002-2
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/03/27: CIA-RDP79RO1141A000100140002-2
S -E -C -R-E-T
types was not a part of Bloc plans, the emphasis on simple sets
would seem to be a makeshift method of raising output without a cor-
responding increase in inputs.
It should be noted that for every country where a4 plan for
radio receivers was established, the country has produced approximately
the plan quota, although often the plan is achieved only by making
masses of cheap, easily assembled, 1- to 3-tube receivers or crystal
sets.
In Poland, Bulgaria, and Rumania the receiver industries
were originally subsidiaries of Western companies. These facilities
only assembled imported parts. The Soviet policy, however, has been to
make each Satellite self-sufficient.
The Soviet Bloc produces civilian radios in a large number
of plants. In the USSR alone there are 17 major and 13 minor pro-
ducers.* In East Germany there are 12 major and 15 minor producers.
In Czechoslovakia there are 3 major producers and no minor ones. In
Hungary only 1 firm is a major producer, although there are indications
that several former producers are going to renew production of civilian
receivers. In Poland there are 2 major producers, and Bulgaria and
Rumania have 1 major producer each.
East Germany and Hungary are historically exporters of
better quality radio equipment. The USSR had begun its radio produc-
tion well before World War II but had never become an exporter of
radio receivers because of a lack of quality and quantity production.
Since the war the USSR has attempted to export radio equipment to
Western countries.
The estimated production of civilian radio receivers in the
Soviet Bloc and in the USSR is shown in Table 1** and Table 2.* The
1954-56 Plan for production in the USSR shows the stress placed on
increasing the production of radio receivers. The production figures
may be summarized as follows: 1953 (actual), 1,575,000 sets /; 1954
(planned), 2,861,000 sets 23/; 1955 (planned), 3,767,000 sets; and
1956 (planned), 4,400,000 sets.
* Major producers manufacture 25,000 or more sets per year; minor
producers manufacture less than 25,000 sets per year.
** Table 1 follows on p. 8.
*** Table 2 follows on p. 9.
-7-
S-E-C-R-E-T
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/03/27: CIA-RDP79RO1141A000100140002-2
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/03/27: CIA-RDP79RO1141A000100140002-2
Estimated Production of Civilian Radio Receivers in the Soviet Bloc a/
1946-56
Country
1946
1947
1948
1949
1950
1954
1955 Plan
1956 Plan
USSR
Tube
235
303
340
410
393
424
589
809
1,410
N.A.
N.A.
Crystal
10
32
177
409
507
540
653
766
900
N.A.
N.A.
Total USSR
245
335
517 ?
819
900
24/
964 25/
1,242
26/
1,575
27/
2,310
3,767 28/
4,400
29/
Bulgaria
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
3
7
13
20
25
28
30/
N.A.
N.A.
Czechoslovakia
121
163
267
245
200
230
270
320
340
N.A.
N.A.
East Germany
60
100
150
220
275
374 31/
398
32/
600
813
33/
N.A.
N.A.
Hungary
11
15
24
51
100
165 -
140
-
150
34/
180
35/
N.A.
N.A.
Poland
4
7
30
68
119
140 36/
190
37/
250
38/
280
300 39/
N.A.
Rumania
4
8
10
20
24
31 70/
38
-
48
1/
56
10072/
N.A.
Total Soviet
Bloc b/
440
630
1,000
1,430
1,620
1,920
2,300
2,970
4,010
N.A.
N.A.
a. See Appendix C, Methodology.
b. Figures rounded.
S-E-C-R-E-T
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/03/27: CIA-RDP79RO1141A000100140002-2
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/03/27: CIA-RDP79RO1141A000100140002-2 ?
S -E -C -R -E -T
Estimated Production of Civilian Radio Receivers in the USSR a/
1945-56
Method of
1955
1956
Production
1945
1946
1947
1948
1949
1950
1951
1952
1953
1954
Plan
Plan
1.
Class 1
Non-Mass
7
17
25
18
17
14
17
42
61
150
2.
Class 2
Non-Mass
9
28
46
37
55
16
20
54
90
100
3.
Class 3
Non-Mass
b/
b/
b/
27
20
30
35
40
45
60
4.
Rodina c/ Class 2
Mass
35
90
97
108
110
30
15
50
70
50
5.
Rekord Cl Class 3
Mass
25
100
135
150
150
23
17
23
210
400
6.
ARZ c/ Class 4
Mass
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
50
180
200
250
208
400
7.
Moskvich c/ Class 4
Mass
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
8
100
120
130
125
250
8.
Crystal
Mass
4
10
32
177
409
507
540
653
766
900
Total (1 to 8)
80
245
335
517
819
goo
964
1,242
1,575
2,310 d/
3,767
4,400
Total All Short-Wave
Types (1, 2, 4,
and 5)
76
235
303
313
332
83
69
169
431
700
76
235
303
340
410
393
424
589
809
1,410
a. See Appendix C, Methodology; CIA IR files on plants listed in Appendix A;
b. Negligible.
c. This receiver is typical of the group.
d. The Plan figure for 1954 was 2,861,000 units.
S-E-C-R-E-T
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/03/27: CIA-RDP79RO1141A000100140002-2
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/03/27: CIA-RDP79ROl 141A000100140002-2
S-E -C -R-E-T
For purposes of comparison, the estimated value of the
electronics production of the Soviet Bloc is given as follows:
1953, US $937 million 44/; 1955, US $1,410 million; and 1956,
US $1,610. million.
It is assumed that the average value of a radio set in
the USSR will be approximately constant during 1953-56, and that
the USSR will produce a constant percentage of the radio receiver
output and of the electronics industry output in the Soviet Bloc.
Allowing these assumptions, the figures given show that the value of
production in the electronics industry of the Soviet Bloc will in-
crease from a Base of 100 percent in 1953 to 150.5 percent in 1955
and 172 percent in 1956, whereas the value of production of radio
receivers in the USSR will increase from a base of 100 in 1953 to
239 in 1955 and 280 in 1956. Thus it is probable that the civilian
consumer will receive a larger share of electronics production in
the future.
. The characteristics of vacuum tube receivers manufactured
in the USSR and in the European Satellites are shown in Table 3* and
Table 4.** Tables 3 and 4 reflect the systems used by the countries
in the Soviet Bloc to classify radio receivers. 45/ These classifi-
cations are not fixed and inflexible, but are more or less standards
to guide manufacturers as measures of minimum performance. In the
Satellite countries many radios are designed to meet the requirements
of the export market, and their, standards differ from the standards
for radios used in the USSR.
a. Crystal Receivers.
The most common crystal receivers incorporate the use
of lead sulfide, germanium, graphite, or carborundum crystals. The
characteristics of Soviet radio crystals have been covered elsewhere
in intelligence literature. 46/ These sets are usually capable of
receiving the 150- to 1,500-kilocycle (kc) bands.
* Table 3 follows on p. 11.
Table 4 follows on p. 12.
S-E-C -R-E-T
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/03/27: CIA-RDP79ROl 141A000100140002-2
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/03/27: CIA-RDP79RO1141A000100140002-2
S-E-C-R-E-T
Characteristics of Vacuum Tube Receivers Produced in the USSR a/
Number of
KC 150
KC 520 MC 3.95
Other
Short-Wave
Loud
Speaker
Band
Minimum
Loud
Speaker
Class
Tubes
Super
TRF
to 415
to 1,600 to 12.1
Bands
Output
Spread
Power
Input
1 Line
7 or More
Yes
Yes
Yes Yes
All
Yes
Yes
4.0
No
2 Line
6 to 7
Yes
Yes
Yes Yes
1
Optional
Yes
Yes
1.5
Optional
2 Battery
6 to 7
Yes
Yes
Yes Yes
1
Optional
Yes
Yes
0.15
Yes
3 Line
4 to 5
Yes
Optional
Yes
Yes Optional
No
Optional
Optional
0.5
Optional
4 Line
3 to 4
Yes
Optional
Yes
Yes No
No
No
No
N.A.
Optional
4 Battery
3 to 4
Yes
Optional
Yes
Yes No
No
No
No
N..A.
Yes
a. CIA IR files on plants listed in Appendix A;
S -E -C -R -E -T
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/03/27: CIA-RDP79RO1141A000100140002-2
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/03/27: CIA-RDP79RO1141A000100140002-2
S-E-C-R-E-T
Table 4
Characteristics of Vacuum Tube Receivers
Produced in the European Satellites J
Other
Number of
KC 150
MC 5.8
Short-Wave
MC 13.1
MC
Class -
,Tubes
Super
TRF
to 1,600
to 12.5
Bands
to 19
87 to 100
1 Line
7 or More
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
All Wave
Yes
No
1 Line (UHF/FM)
7 or More
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Optional
Yes
Yes
2 Line
6 to 7
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
All Wave
Yes
No
Optional
2 Line (UHF/FM)
6 to 7
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
No
No
Yes
2 Battery
6 to 7
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
All Wave
Yes
No
Optional
3 Line
4 to 5
Yes
Optional
Yes
Yes
1 Optional
Yes
No
3 Line (UHF/FM)
4 to 5
Yes
Optional
Yes
Yes
No
No
Yes
3 Battery
4 to 5
Yes
Optional
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
No
4Line
3 too
Yes
Optional
Yes
No
No
No
Optional
4 Battery
3 to 4
Yes
Optional
Yes
No
No
No
No
5 Line
1 to 2
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
No
6 Line
l to 2
No
Yes
Yes
No
No
No
No
a. CIA/IR files on plants listed in Appendix A.
b. These classes have not been completely identified.
S -E -C -R -E -T
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/03/27: CIA-RDP79RO1141A000100140002-2
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/03/27: CIA-RDP79RO1141A000100140002-2
S-E-C-R-E-T
Examination of receivers made in the Soviet Bloc
shows that the great majority of the receivers employing vacuum
tubes fall into the class of superheterodyne receivers (referred
to as supers). Superheterodyne receivers are grouped by class
numbers 1 through 4, as follows:
Class 1 receivers usually employ 7 or more tubes
and have complete long-, medium-, and short-wave coverage. The
bands are 150 to 420 kc, long-wave; 520 to 1,500 kc, medium-wave;
and 16, 19, 25, 31, and 49 meters, short-wave. These sets are
always powered by wire, whereas all other classes may be battery-
or line-supplied.
Class 2 receivers generally employ 6 or 7 tubes
covering long- and medium-wave bands, 150 to 415 kc and 520 to
1,500 kc, respectively. This set has 1 short-wave band of 3.95 to
12.1 megacycles (mc), and sometimes a second band extending up to
15 mc.
Class 3 receivers generally employ 4 to 5 tubes
covering long- and medium-wave bands, 150 to 415 kc and 520 to
1,600 kc, respectively. This receiver may have a short-wave band
of approximately 3.95 to 12.1 mc. It should be noted that the most
popular Soviet class 3 receiver, the Rekord, has a short-wave band,
4.28 to 12.3 mc. This class set may be tuned radio frequency (TRF)
instead of superheterodyne.
Class 4 receivers represent a category that is in
a considerable state of flux. The class 4 receivers are designed
for selection or coverage of the long- and medium-wave bands, which
would be anywhere from 150 to 1,600 kc. This class receiver gen-
erally contains 3 or 4 tubes and may be of the fixed station or
select station type, similar to those of East German and Hungarian
manufacture.
The estimated production of selected classes of
civilian radio receivers in the European Satellites as percentages
of national production is shown in Table 5.*
Table 5 follows on p. 14.
S-E -C -R-E -T
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/03/27: CIA-RDP79RO1141A000100140002-2
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/03/27: CIA-RDP79RO1141A000100140002-2
S -E -C -R -E -T
Estimated Production of Selected Classes of Civilian Radio Receivers
in the European Satellites as Percentages of National Production a/*
1946-54
Class
1946
1947
1948
1949
1950
1951
1952
1953
1954
2 Line
b/
b/
b/
b/
b/
b/
1
1
1
3 Line
b/
b
b/
b/
b/
7
6
6
6
4 Line
100
100
93
93
93,
93
2 Line
65.0
65.o
65.0
65.0
65.0
50.0
45.0
40.0
40.0
3 Line
35.0
35.0
35.0
34.5
34.5
49.5
54.5
59.5
59.5
4 D.C.
b/
b/
b/
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
East Germany
1 Line
15
8
6
4
3
2
2
1
1
2 Line
10
9
8
7
7
6
6
6
5
2 Line (UHF/FM)
5
6
7
7
6
6
6
6
5
3 Line
20
20
18
16
18
18
18
18
13
2 Line (UHF'/FM)
5
8
9
10
9
9
9
10
7
3 Battery
b/
b/
b/
b/
b/
2
3
3
3
* Footnotes for Table 5 follow on p. 16.
S -E -C -R -E -T
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/03/27: CIA-RDP79RO1141A000100140002-2
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/03/27: CIA-RDP79RO1141A000100140002-2
S -E -C -R -E -T
Estimated Production of Selected Classes of Civilian Radio Receivers
in the European Satellites as Percentages of National Production a/
1946-54
(Continued)
1946
1947
1948
1949
1950
1951
1952
1
4
953
195
East Germany (Continued)
4 Line
4 B
tt
20
19
22
25
25
24
17
19
15
a
ery
b/
b/
b/
1
2
3
3
3
3
5 Line
6
25
30
30
30
30
30
36
34
12
Line
Hungary
b/
b/
b/
b
b/
b/.
36
1 Line
2
2
4
3
2
2
1
2
2
2 Line
18
18
15
17
14
16
16
17
19
2 Battery
b/
b/
b/
b/
2
2
1
1
2
3 Line
80
80
81
70
20
24
9
11
15
3 Battery
b/
b/
b/
b/
2
2
1
2
2
4 Line (Fixed Tuned)
b/
b/
b/
10
6o
54
72
67
6o
1 Line
3 Li
b/
b/
b
1
b/
b
b/
b/
b/
ne
100
100
99
90
82
87
90
91
3 Battery
b/
b/
4
18
13
10
9
S -E -C -R -E -T
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/03/27: CIA-RDP79RO1141A000100140002-2
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/03/27: CIA-RDP79RO1141A000100140002-2
S-E -C -R -E -T
Estimated Production of Selected Classes of Civilian Radio Receivers
in the European Satellites as Percenzageb of National Production a/
1946-54
(Continued)
Class
1946
1947
1948
1949
1950
1951
1952
1953
1954
2 Line
b/
b/
b/
Y
6
10
7
5
5
2 Battery
b/
b
/
b/
5
2
b/
b/
b/
b_/
3 Line
100_
_
100
100
75
17
10
1-
li
12
4 Line
b/
b/
b/
20
75
80
77
81
83
a. CIA/IR files on plants listed in Appendix A.
b. Negligible.
- 16 -
S -E -C -R -E -T
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/03/27: CIA-RDP79RO1141A000100140002-2
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/03/27: CIA-RDP79RO1141A000100140002-2
S.-E-C -R-E-T
At the present time there are 9 manufacturers of tele-
vision sets in the USSR, 7 of which are just beginning production;
3 present producers and 1 future producer in East Germany; 1 present
producer and 2 future producers in Czechoslovakia; and only 1 pro-
ducer in Hungary. Poland is to start production during 1954 on a
minor scale in one small cooperative workshop.
The production of television receivers in the Soviet Bloc
has been very limited. The small production up to 1953 was of great
propaganda value, and served to train technicians while engineers
were standardizing models for the expansion of television production.
Because of the similarity of techniques employed, this training is
invaluable in the establishment of a corps of personnel able to de-
sign, build, and maintain military electronics equipment. 48/
The estimated production of television receivers in the
Soviet Bloc in 1940 and 1947-56 is shown in Table 6.* The character-
istics of television receivers produced in the Bloc are shown in
Table 7.** The figures on production of sets of Soviet design made
in East Germany for use in the USSR are particularly noteworthy.
Soviet press statements are so worded that existing
facilities or production could easily be interpreted to include
East German production. It is known that the USSR has been respon-
sible for the television production quotas established for East
Germany. 49/
The Soviet Fourth Five Year Plan (1946-50) scheduled a
goal of 85,000 television receivers by 1950. Though much publicity
was given to the production of television receivers, actual produc-
tion fell far short of this figure. 50/
The Soviet Fifth Five Year Plan (1951-55) stated that by
1955 the total production of radio and television receiving units
would be twice the 1950 rate. A series of statements released in 1953
by high-ranking officials gave figures on mass production of television
* Table 6 follows on p. 18.
* Table 7 follows on p. 19.
S -E -C -R -E -T
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/03/27: CIA-RDP79RO1141A000100140002-2
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/03/27: CIA-RDP79RO1141A000100140002-2
S-E-C-R-E-T
Estimated Production of Television Receivers in the Soviet Bloc a/
1940 and 1947-56
Country
1940
1947
1948
1949
1950
1951 1952
1953
1954 Plan
1955 Plan
1956 Plan
USSR
100
1,000
3,000
5,000
9,000
11,000
15,000
34,000
325,000 51
760,000 52/
1,000,000 L3/
East Germany b/
c/
c/
c/
c/
c/
30,600
34,500
40,100
54
79,500 55
N.A.
N.A.
Czechoslovakia
c/
c/
c/
c/
c/
c/
c/
1,200
5,000
N.A.
N.A.
Hungary
c/
c/
c/
c/
c/
c/
c/
c/
2,000
N.A.
N.A.
Total
100
1,000
3,000
5,000
9,000
41,600
49,500
75,300
411,500
N.A.
N.A.
a. See Appendix C., Methodology.
b. Production in plants owned by the USSR.
c. Negligible.
S-E-C -R-E-T
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/03/27: CIA-RDP79RO1141A000100140002-2
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/03/27: CIA-RDP79RO1141A000100140002-2
S -E -C -R -E -T
Table 7
Characteristics of Television Receivers Produced in the Soviet Bloc a/*
Country and
Model Number Manufacturer Retail Price Type
T-5 and T-6 USSR
East Germany
Sachsenwerk-
Radeberg
Avangard TL-1 USSR
Pioneer TL-2 USSR
Sever-2 USSR
Svet USSR
Temp USSR
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
Footnote for Table 7 follows. on p. 22.
Tube Screen Number of
Diameter Diameter Receiving
(Inches) (Centimeters). Tubes
N.A. 9 Rectan- 18 x 13 N.A.
gular
31LK1B 12 18 x 24 16
Electrostatic 7 14 x 10.5 9
23LK1B 9 18 x 13.5 17
31LK1B 12 18 x 24 17
4oLK1B 16 24 x 32 16 to 22
N.A. 10 to 12 N.A. 16 to 22
N.A. 10 to 12 N.A. 16 to 22
S -E -C -R-E -T
New models, scheduled to
appear in 1952.
Probably released under
other names.
Two-channel receivers have
ultra high frequency
(UHF).
Three-channel receivers
have UHF.
Mentioned as new set to
start in 1954; will have
16 to 22 tubes.
Mentioned as new set to
start in 1954; will have
16 to 22 tubes.
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/03/27: CIA-RDP79RO1141A000100140002-2
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/03/27: CIA-RDP79RO1141A000100140002-2
S -E -C -R -E -T
Characteristics of Television Receivers Produced in the Soviet Bloc a/
(Continued)
Country and
Model Number Manufacturer Retail Price
4001 A Czechoslovakia 4,000 Crowns
Tesla
Moskva T-1 USSR 1,500 Rubles
Order of Lenin
Leningrad T-1
USSR
Kazitskiy
2,000 Rubles
KVN-49
USSR
Order of Lenin
Electrosignal
1,275 Rubles
Leningrad T-2
East Germany
2,196.50 Rubles
Type
Tube
Diameter
(Inches)
Screen
Diameter
(Centimeters)
25QP20
10
20 x 15
18LK1B
7 Round
14 x 10.5
18LK1B
7 Round
14 x 10.5
18LK1B
7
14 x 10.5
23LK1B
9 Round
18 x 13.5
Number of
Receiving
Tubes Features of Receiver
22 Tubes are copies of US or
UK -- similar to KVN-49.
20 Table model receiver,
tuneable for probably 1
or possibly 2 television
channels at about 50 me
and for FM radio at about
70 mc, 625-line picture.
22 Table model receiver,
probably for 441- and
625-line pictures.
16 Table model receiver, de-
signed for lower produc-
tion cost; probably
similar to T-l.
32 Combination table model
Sachsenwerk-
Radeberg
S -E -C -R -E -T
receiver for AM radio,
television, and FM radio.
Three picture channels
(49-75, 59.25, and 77.25
mc); FM radio band at 67
mc; low- and medium-wave
AM radio bands. Both
441- and 625-line
pictures.
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/03/27: CIA-RDP79RO1141A000100140002-2
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/03/27: CIA-RDP79RO1141A000100140002-2
S -E -C -R -E -T
Characteristics of Television Receivers Produced in the Soviet Bloc a/
(Continued)
Country and
Model Number Manufacturer Retail Price
Leningrad T-3 USSR USSR
Kazitzkiy
T-4 USSR
T-4-50
USSR N.A.
Number of
Receiving
Tubes Features of Receiver
34 Console model television,
35
24
AM radio and phonograph
combination, probably
for standard 625-line
picture. Prototype
models only.
Projection console model
television, AM radio,
and phonograph combina-
tion, for use in public
places. Prototype
modeler.
Same as T-4 (new model).
Uses miniature tubes in
prototype stage only.
Fe 852 East Germany 1,800 DME
Werk HF and
Sachsenwerk
Radeberg
Tube Screen
Diameter Diameter
Type (Inches) (Centimeters)
30LK1B 12 Round 24 x 18
LK100 N.A. Approximately
go x 67
LPK100 N.A. 38.1 x 50.8
HF 2963 12 24 x 18
S -E -C -R-E -T
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/03/27: CIA-RDP79RO1141A000100140002-2
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/03/27: CIA-RDP79RO1141A000100140002-2
S-E-C-R-E-T
Characteristics of Television Receivers Produced in the Soviet Bloc a/
(Continued)
Manufacturer
Retail Price
Type
Tube
Diameter
(Inches)
Screen
Diameter
(Centimeters)
Number of
Receiving
Tubes
Fe 852 A
East Germany
1,800 DME
HF 2963
12
24 x 18
24
Same as Fe 852, without
Fe 852 B
Werk HF and
Sachsenwerk-
Radeberg
East Germany
1,800 DME
HF 2963
12
24 x 18
20
miniature tubes.
Latest revision of FE 852
Orion
Werk HF and
Sachsenwerk-
Radeberg
Hungary
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
adapted for use in East
Germany. Will receive
92.5 me FM Berlin.
New set in production in
Orion
1954.
Experimental
N.A.
300 x 400
N.A.
Projection type for use in
Television
movies.
a. CIA/IR files on plants listed in Appendix A.
S-E-C-R-E-T
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/03/27: CIA-RDP79RO1141A000100140002-2
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/03/27: CIA-RDP79RO1141A000100140002-2
S-E-C-R-E-T
receivers and also revised former goals, as follows /: 195+ Plan,
325,000 units; 1955 Plan, 760,000 units; and 1956 Plan, 1,000,000
units.
These goals are a departure from former trends and repre-
sent part of an increased effort to produce civilian goods. The
Ministry of Electrical Industry, formerly responsible for the pro-
duction of television receivers, is responsible for only 60 percent
of the new planned production; the remainder presumably is to be made
by the local industries. 57/ The USSR will attempt to increase pro-
duction of television receivers without decreasing military production.
The recently announced creation of a new Ministry of Radio Technical
Industry may be a clue to the importance placed on reaching planned
production goals. The new ministry should achieve the desired effect
of either producing or acquiring the necessary components of produc-
tion without conflict to end use, thus eliminating the main bottle-
neck in production caused by shortages of components. Once the
components are made available, the assembling can be done with
existing facilities and manpower.
There are several indications that before 1953 the Soviet
effort to produce television receivers was little more than groundwork
for the future. This may have been a direct result of the limited
extent of cathode-ray picture tube facilities in the USSR and the
failure to standardize on a few tubes that can be mass produced.
Before the end of 1953 there was no indication that the USSR had suc-
cessfully mastered the necessary technology to mass produce any type
of cathode-ray tube for television purposes. Although the capacity
and facilities may now exist, they are used for other purposes.
Another and more reasonable explanation behind the lack of Soviet
production of cathode-ray tubes may be the fact that East Germany can
produce the required television sets. The sets produced in East
Germany up to the end of 1953 were largely Soviet-designed T-2 Len-
ingrad receivers. This receiver costs the Germans 1,325 DME to make
and is sold to the USSR for 675 DME. The sets on arrival in Moscow
are inspected by the Technical Control Division (OTK), which deducts
from 25 to 90 percent-of the price paid as penalty for "fault or dam-
age." Tne sets have a 500-working-hour guarantee, checked by Soviet
timekeepers and therefore not usually fulfilled, so that the manu-
facturer usually has to replace the complete set of 32 tubes plus
1 cathode-ray tube at a cost of 600 to 700 DME. It is far more
advantageous for the Russians to buy an East German set for 675 DME and.
get a 50-percent rebate plus a new set of tubes worth 675 DME, than to
build the set in the USSR. 58
- 23 -
S-E-C-R-E-T
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/03/27: CIA-RDP79RO1141A000100140002-2
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/03/27: CIA-RDP79RO1141A000100140002-2
S -E -C -R-E -T
The future for television in the Soviet Bloc looks bright
according to the Soviet plan to produce 1 million television re-
ceivers in 1956 in the USSR alone. There are about 79,500 sets
planned for East Germany in 1954, and many of these will go to the
USSR and Satellites. A limiting factor to realization of the Soviet
plan for 1956 lies in the shortage of components, especially cathode-
ray picture tubes. As the Russians begin to standardize on a few pic-
ture tube types and enlarge'their facilities, this factor should be
eliminated. Part of the required picture tubes can be imported from
the growing facilities of East Germany.
The design trend in Soviet television receivers is 4 to 5
years behind that of the US. Television receiving sets are becoming
simpler and cheaper, while the picture tubes are growing larger.
2. Operation.
Television stations are currently operating in Moscow,
Leningrad, Kiev, Khar'kov, Gor'kiy, Berlin, Warsaw, Prague, and
Budapest. Amateur or test centers exist in Sverdlovsk, Tomsk, Baku,
Riga, Minsk, and Vladivostok. There may also be others.
Soviet television channels have been established as
follows 59/:
Channel
Picture (mc)
Sound (mc)
I
49.75
56.25
II
59.25
67.75
III
77.25
83.75
An FM radio band established from 66.0 to 67.5 inc leaves
a gap from 67.5 to 75.5 me in the TV band of 48 to 84 mc. This gap
is required to accommodate the early-warning low-frequency radar of
the older designs operating in the 70-mc region. 60/
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/03/27: CIA-RDP79RO1141A000100140002-2
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/03/27: CIA-RDP79RO1141A000100140002-2
S -E -C -R-E -T
C. Availability and Price.
1. Receivers.
The price information given in the following discussion
is an indication of price ranges and is not the specific price of
any particular receiver. In the large cities radio receivers are
available, even though a short waiting period may exist. The wait-
ing period increases with the price of the receiver up to class 1,
which requires a special purchase permit or the payment of an
amount above the quoted price. This practice is believed still in
operation. The prices of radio and television receivers in the USSR
are shown in Table 8.
Prices of Radio and Television Receivers in the USSR 61/
Type or Class
Number of
Tubes
Approximate
Price
(Rubles)
Subscription
Fee
(Rubles) a]
Class 1
7 or More
1,200 to 1,600
36
Class 2
6 to 7
600 to 700
54
Class 3
4 to 5
220 to 400
75
Class 4
3 to 4
18o to 250
N.A.
Crystal
0
30 to 60
5
Wired Speaker
0
N.A.
4
Leningrad T-1
22
2,000.0
N.A.
KVN-49
16
1,275.0
N.A.
Leningrad T-2
32
2,196.5
N.A.
a. The subscription fee is the fee paid to the state giving the
owner the right to use the radio. This amount is over and above
the registration fee of about 14 rubles.
- 25 -
S-E-C-R-E-T
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/03/27: CIA-RDP79RO1141A000100140002-2
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/03/27: CIA-RDP79RO1141A000100140002-2
S-E-C-R-E-T
Television receivers can be purchased in the Soviet Bloc
only after a long wait and at a relatively high price, and even then
the most influential and outstanding workers seem to obtain the
existing sets first. This situation will probably change as produc-
tion increases and additional lower priced sets become available to
a larger consumer group. 62/
There is no doubt that a shortage of certain components
exists in the USSR. Shortages, which appear to be perennial in one
line or another, have existed in tubes, resistors, capacitors, cathode-
ray picture tubes, and even in manpower for servicing. 63/
In recent years, Soviet articles have discussed the inter-
changeability of Hungarian and Soviet tubes. At the same time there
has been a more abundant supply of all types of tubes for replacement
purposes with the exception of cathode-ray picture tubes, which are
still in short supply. Batteries have been in short supply and, al-
though there is evidence which tends to show a more abundant supply
at present, the shortage still exists.
2. Purchase Regulations. 64/
With the purchase of every receiver the new owner is
given a set of instructions describing maintenance and conditions
for best operation, including the following: (a) The owner must
register the radio receiver within several days at the nearest
postoffice. (b) The owner must register all radio receivers in his
possession. (c) Evasion of registration is subject to fine and/or
summary criminal liability. (d) Registration certificates are non-
transferable and may be used only in the area in which issued.
(e) The registration certificate, together with the receipt for the
subscriber's fee, must be kept with the receiver.
.III. Trends and Indications.
A. Trends in Production.
1. Radio Receivers.
The trend in the production of radio receivers in the
Soviet Bloc is upward. Both the Satellites and the USSR are in-
creasing their civilian radio output as fast as is compatible with
growing military requirements. 65/
S-E-C-R-E-T
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/03/27: CIA-RDP79RO1141A000100140002-2
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/03/27: CIA-RDP79RO1141A000100140002-2
S-E-C-R-E-T
Since 1950, radio sets have grown less complex, requir-
ing fewer tubes and having smaller ranges of reception. 66/ Opposed
to this observed trend in the Soviet Bloc is the future plan of the
USSR to produce a larger percentage of the larger, more complex sets
capable of all-wave reception. The production of more complex sets
is at present very small as compared with over-all receiver production
in the Bloc. By concentrating on less complex sets the USSR has been
able to increase the production of radio receivers without a propor-
tionate increase in the resources devoted to civilian radio receivers.
2. Television Receivers.
Facilities for the production of television sets in the
USSR increased enormously in 1952-54. Before 1951 only 2 plants pro-
duced television sets, but by the end of 1954 there will be 9 or more
producing plants. These plants have a 1954 Plan quota of 325,000
television receivers. Estimated production in 1953 was only 34,000
sets, and the 1954 quota probably will be too great for the USSR to
fulfill. It is expected that the Fifth Five Year Plan., like the .
Fourth Five Year Plan, will fall far short of the goal for television
sets. Although the production of television receivers will show con-
tinuous increases for the next few years, the USSR will probably be
unable to reach the 1956 Plan goal of 1 million sets. Approximately
150,000 television receivers were in use in the USSR by the end of
1953, and an additional 34,000 had been produced but were not in use.
East Germany is a major manufacturer of television re-
ceivers; its production exceeds that of the USSR. There are two
large plants in East Germany devoted to television assembly and
several more plants that could easily be adapted to television
assembly if the Soviet demand for sets increases appreciably over
the present level. There is no indication at present, however, that
East Germany will be required to produce over 80,000 sets per year.
East Germany and Hungary probably will be required to produce tele-
vision sets for use in the USSR and the Satellites.
It is believed that television production in Poland and
Czechoslovakia for a few years will be limited to experimental
efforts, designed mainly for propaganda and training purposes.
- 27 -
S -E -C -R -E -T
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/03/27: CIA-RDP79RO1141A000100140002-2
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/03/27: CIA-RDP79RO1141A000100140002-2
S -E -C -R-E-T
B. Proportion of the Electronics Industry Devoted to the
Production of Civilian Receivers.
The total value of production of the electronics industry
in the Soviet Bloc for 1953 is estimated at US $937 million, in-
cluding tube production, which is valued at US $104 million. The
estimated value of radio and television receiving sets produced in
the Soviet Bloc in 1953 is shown in Table 9.* The value of civilian
radio and television sets produced in 1953 is estimated to be
US $57 million, or about 6 percent of the total value of production
of the electronics industry. This 6 percent can be inflated by
considering the sale price of the receiving sets rather than the
factory f.o.b. manufacturing price. It is more accurate, however,
to use f.o.b. factory prices, as they are more representative of
true value than a retail price that includes markups of 40 to
100 percent.
The value of tubes used in the manufacture of radio and
television sets plus the value of replacement tubes required to
maintain existing radio and television facilities is estimated at
US $18 million, or approximately 17 percent of the total value of
tube production in the Soviet Bloc in l953.**
C. Indications.
Authorities in the Soviet Bloc countries understand the im-
portance to the regime of maintaining a maximum amount of contact
with their people. by means of radio and at the same time of incur-
ring a minimum drain on their already taxed electronics industry.
The devices employed to provide this economical broadcasting cover-
age include the production of sets with few. tubes, the production of
sets with few or no short-wave bands, and the production of crystal
sets and wired radio.
The Soviet Bloc in achieving economical broadcasting is also
reducing the percentage of listeners who can be reached by Western
broadcasts. This is a result of the increasing production of sets
with no short-wave bands, of sets which cannot be tuned at the option
of the listener (even on the broadcast band, and of wired radio.
* Table 9 follows on p. 29.
** See Appendix C, Methodology.
S-E-C-R-E-T
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/03/27: CIA-RDP79RO1141A000100140002-2
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/03/27: CIA-RDP79RO1141A000100140002-2
Estimated Value of Radio and Television Receiving Sets
Produced in the Soviet Bloc _/
1953
Country
Number of
Sets
Manufacturers' Price
F.O.B. per Set
($ us)
Value of Production
F.O.B. Factory b/
($ us) _
Bulgaria
25,000
12.00
300,000
Czechoslovakia
320,000
22.00
7,040,000
East Germany
600,000
12.50
7,500,000
Hungary
150,000
22.00
3,300,000
Poland
250,000
12.00
3,000,000
Rumania
48,000
8.00
384,000
USSR
1,575,000
14.30
22,522,500
East Germany
40,100
200.00
8,020,000
USSR
34,000
150.00
5,100,000
Czechoslovakia
1,200
150.00
180,000
Total 57,346,500
a. See Appendix C, Methodology.
b. The f.o.b. factory price is the price a US factory would charge
for the Soviet Bloc receiver if it were made by US methods.
Despite considerable publicity accorded the progress of tel-
evision in the USSR, there is strong evidence that the Soviet civilian
television production program has been purposely restricted to a
modest scale and that at least until 1956 the television audience in
the Soviet Bloc will be limited to residents of the USSR and priv-
ileged party members in the Satellites.
- 29 -
S-E-C-R-E-T
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/03/27: CIA-RDP79RO1141A000100140002-2
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/03/27: CIA-RDP79RO1141A000100140002-2
S-E -C -R-E -T
The major effort of the electronics industry in the Soviet
Bloc is devoted to the manufacture of military electronics pro-
ducts. Despite the magnitude of planned increases in output for
the industry, the Plan for radio receivers will. probably be met, but
shortages will delay attainment of the Plan for television
receivers.
S -E -C -R-E-T
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/03/27: CIA-RDP79RO1141A000100140002-2
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/03/27: CIA-RDP79RO1141A000100140002-2
Radio Assembly Plant
Baku Radio Factory
Krasnyy Oktyabr' Works
Ordzhonikidze
Leningrad Radio Factory
Order of Lenin Radio Factory b/
Radiotekhnika-Popov Radio
Punane Ret
V.E.F. Radio
Molotov Radio
Kazitskiy Radio
Elektrosignal b_/
Aleksandrovskiy Radio
Electrical Equipment Plant
Berdsk Radio Plant
MAJOR RADIO AND TELEVISION PLANTS
IN THE SOVIET BLOC a/*
S -E -C -R -E -T
195
Irkutsk
Baku
Moscow
Sarapul
Leningrad
Moscow
Riga
Tallin
Riga
Minsk
Omsk
Voronezh
Aleksandrov
Novosibirsk
Berdsk
East Germany
S-E-C-R-E-T
Stern Radio (formerly Phonetika)
.Elektro Apparate Werk (formerly AEG)
Stern Radio (formerly Graetz)
Stern Radio (formerly Rundfunk)
Stern Radio (formerly Elektro Apparate
Werk Koppelsdorf)
Funkwerk (formerly Mende)
Funkwerk (formerly Koerting)
Stern Radio (formerly Opta)
Messgeraetewerk (formerly Siemens)
Rema
Footnotes follow on p. 33.
Berlin
Berlin-Treptow
Rochlitz
Strassfurt
Sonneberg
Dresden
Leipzig
Leipzig
Zwoenitz
Stahlber&
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/03/27: CIA-RDP79RO1141A000100140002-2
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/03/27: CIA-RDP79RO1141A000100140002-2
S-E-C-R-E-T
Sachsenwerk c/
Sachsenwerk -El
Werk H.F. fuer Fernmeldewesen c/
Phillips I d/
Radiotechna (formerly Telefunken)
Telefunken
Tesla (formerly Telegrafia)
Electrum
Navotny
Mikrofona
Orion e/
Orion e/
Telefunken e/
Siemens e/
Beloianniss (formerly International
Telephone and Telegraph)
Phillips f/
Marcina Kasprzaka
Zaklady Premyslu Radiotechnicznego
Electromagnetica (formerly International
Telephone and
Telegraph)
S-E-C -R-E-T
East Germany
(Continued)
Radeberg
Niedersedlitz
Berlin
Czechoslovakia
Prague-Hloubetin
Prelow
Bratislava
Pardubice
Brno
Hardec Kralove
Prague-Strasnice
Budapest XIII-Ujpest
Budapest-Kobanya
Budapest
Budapest VI
Budapest XI
Budapest
Warsaw
Dzieroniow
Bucharest
Bucharest
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/03/27: CIA-RDP79RO1141A000100140002-2
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/03/27: CIA-RDP79RO1141A000100140002-2
S -E -C -R-E -T
Bulgaria
Kliment Voroshilov Knyazhevo, Sofia
a. Data from CIA/IR files on plants listed.
b. Manufactures television receivers as well as radio receivers.
All Soviet plants listed produce radio sets.
c. Manufactures television receivers. The plant in Radeberg is the
major television receiver manufacturer.
d. All of the listed Czechoslovak plants have been absorbed into
the Tesla group.
e. Combined into one large establishment in Budapest-Kobanya, called
Orion.
f. Manufactures tubes at present.
S -E -C -R-E -T
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/03/27: CIA-RDP79RO1141A000100140002-2
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/03/27: CIA-RDP79RO1141A000100140002-2
S-E-C-R-E-T
Moskva
Leningrad
Marshal-M or Neva
Neva
SVD-9
Tekhnika
Radiotekhnika
Radiogram
Riga T-689
Radiola
D-11 Radiola
T M-7
T M-8
Byeloruss
PTS-47
PTB-47
RL-1
Riga
L-50 Leningrad
Minsk R-7
Ukraina
Neva-52
Riga-10
Latvia or Riga or
M-137
MIR
RET
Minsk R-7
TYPES AND CHARACTERISTICS OF RADIO RECEIVERS
PRODUCED IN THE SOVIET BLOC s
1 10-Tube Console, R.P. b
1 12-Tube Console, R.P.
1 8-Tube Console, R.P.
1 9-Tube Console, R.P.
1 9-Tube Console, R.P.
1 9-Tube Console, R.P.
L, M, 2 SW c/ (9.2 to 18 mc)
L, m, 4 SW t4.2 to 15.46 mc)
L, M, SW (6 to 9 mc)
L, M, 3 SW (4.2 to 20 mc)
L, M, 2 SW (3.5 to 18 mc)
Probably L, M, 2 SW
1 24-Tube Console, R.P.
1 9-Tube Console, R.P.
1 8-Tube Console, R.P.
1 11-Tube Console, R.P.
1 7-Tube Console, R.P.
1 7-Tube Console, R.P.
1 13 or 14 Tubes
1 10 Tubes
1 8 Tubes
1 7 Tubes
1 21-Tube Console, R.P.
1 15 Tubes (Also Used in T-3
Television)
1 7 Tubes, R.P.
1 8 Tubes, R.P.
1 9 Tubes, R.P.
1 10 Tubes (Two Models)
1 13 Tubes, R.P.
1 13 Tubes, R.P.
2 6 Tubes, R.P.
2 6 Tubes, R.P.
S-E-C-R-E-T
9 Wave Lengths
L, M, 3 SW (3.96 to 15.5 me)
L, M, SW
L, M, SW (6.0 to 18.0.mc)
L, M, 2 SW (3.5 to 18.o mc)
L, M, 2 SW (3.5 to 18 mc)
L, M, 3 SW (5.4 to 15.45 mc)
L, M, 4 SW (4.0 to 15.6 mc)
L, M, 4 SW (4.0 to 15.6 mc)
N.A.
N.A.
L, M, 3 SW
L, 2 M, SW, 8 Bands
L, M, 3 SW (4.2 to 20 mc).
L, M, 3 SW (3.95 to 12.1 mc)
L, M, 3 SW (4.28 to 15.5 mc)
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/03/27: CIA-RDP79RO1141A000100140002-2
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/03/27: CIA-RDP79RO1141A000100140002-2
S-E-C-R-E-T
Zvezda
7N-27 Vostok
New Pioneer
528-6 Moskvich
EL-2 or Elektro-
signal-2
6 N-25
Baku-51 or Baku
VM-697 or VEF-M-697
Baltika
Bootok-49
Vostok-49
RE-1
RE-14
62-UR
Rodina
VEF-M-557
-6N-1
M648-Moskva
Rodina-47
Elektrosignal-3
Ural
Ural-47
Minsk
vv-661
vv-662
Riga-6
Volga
Pioneradiola
Riga-8
Vostok-48
PU-563
2 6-Tube, R.P.
2 7-Tube, R.P.
2 6 or 7 Tubes
2 7 Tubes
2 7 Tubes
2 6 Tubes
2 6 Tubes
2 6 Tubes
2 6 or 7 Tubes UHF d/, 43 to
60 me (Two Models)
2 6 Tubes
2 6 Tubes
2 6 Tubes
2 6 Tubes
2 7 Tubes
2 6 or 7 Tubes, Battery
2 6 Tubes
2 6 Tubes
2 6 Tubes
2 6 Tubes, Battery
2 6 Tubes, Battery
2 6 Tubes, R.P.
2 6 Tubes, with or without
R.P.
2 6 Tubes, with or without
R.P.
2 6 Tubes
2 6 Tubes
2 6 Tubes
2 6 Tubes
2 6 Tubes
2 6 Tubes, R.P.
2 6 Tubes
2 7 Tubes
3 5 Tubes, Battery
N.A.
L, M, 2 SW (4.3 to 15.5 mc)
L, M, SW (6 to 20 mc)
L, M, SW (4.3 to 12.2 mc)
L, MW
L, MW
L, M, 2 SW (N.A. to 18.7 mc)
L, M, SW (4.28 to 12.1 mc)
L, M, 2 SW UHF (3.95 to 12.1 mc)
L, M, 2 SW (4.0 to 16.1 mc)
L, M, 2 SW (4.0 to 16.1 mc)
L, M, 2 SW
L, M, 2 SW
L, M, SW
L, M, SW (9.2 to 12.2 mc)
L, M, SW (4.28 to 12.1 me)
L, M, SW (5.8 to 19.10 mc)
N.A.
L, M, SW (4.3 to 12 mc)
L, M, SW (4 to 12 mc)
L, M, SW (4 to 12 mc)
L, M, SW (4.4 to 15.5 mc)
L, M, SW (4.5 to 15.5 mc)
L, M, 2 SW (4.3 to 15.4 mc)
L, M, SW (6 to 16 mc)
L, M, SW (3.92 to 19.5 mc)
L, M, SW
N.A.
L, M, SW (6 to 20 mc)
N.A.
L, M, 2 SW (4.o to 16.1 mc)
N.A.
- 36 -
S -E -C -R -E -T
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/03/27: CIA-RDP79RO1141A000100140002-2
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/03/27: CIA-RDP79RO1141A000100140002-2
S -E -C -R -E -T
USSR (Continued)
Zarya
3
N.A,. Tubes, Printed Circuit
N.A.
Tekhnik-K
3
5 Tubes
N.A.
Moskva
3
5 Tubes
L, M, SW (9.2 to 12.4 me)
Efir-48
3
5 Tubes, AC or Battery
N.A.
Rekord-47
3
5 Tubes
h
i
t
L, M, SW (4.0 to 11.8 me)
Rekord
3
ou
5 Tubes, with or w
t
R.P.
L, M; SW (4.28 to 12.3 me)
RV-461
3
4 Tubes,
Battery
N.A.
RL-9
3
4 Tubes,
Battery
L, M, SW (6.0 to 18.6 me)
Salyut
3
5 Tubes
L, M, 3 SW (4.28 to 16.1 me)
Pioneer
3
5 Tubes
L, M, Sw (6 to 20 me)
URS
3
5 Tubes
L, M, 2 SW
Leningradets
3
5 Tubes
L, 2 M, 4 SW (4.2 to 12 me)
ECLS-3
3
5 Tubes, TRF
N.A.
ECLS-4
3
5 Tubes
N.A.
Rigat-755
3
5 Tubes
L, M, SW (4 to 12.5 me)
T-35
3
5 Tubes, TRF
L, MW
RP-8
3
5 Tubes, TRF-1
L, MW
EKL-4
3
5 Tubes, TRF
L, MW
EKL-34
3
5 Tubes, TRF
L, MW
ECLS-2
3
5 Tubes, TRF
2 L, 2 MW
Vila
3
4 Tubes
L, M, SW (N.A. to 18.7 me)
Baku
3
4 Tubes
L, M, 2 SW (N.A. to 18.7 me)
Partisan
3
4 Tubes
L, M, SW
PU-562
3
5 Tubes
L, M, SW
Kuzbass
3
5 Tubes
L, M, SW
RL-4
Dnepr-52
V
3
N.A. Tubes
5 Tubes
L, M, SW
Dnepr-51
3
6 Tubes
L, M, SW
PR-4
3
Radio Relay
L, M, SW
Moskvich-3
3
5 Tubes
L, MW
Kama
4
3 Tubes, Improved Moskvich
with R.P.
L, MW
V-207
4
3 Tubes
L, 2 MW
Iskra
4
4 Tubes
L, MW
4NBs-6
4
4 Tubes, Battery
L, MW
RPK-10
4
4 Tubes, TRF Battery
(Also a Tube Aircraft Set)
S-E-C-R-E-T
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/03/27: CIA-RDP79RO1141A000100140002-2
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/03/27: CIA-RDP79RO1141A000100140002-2
S -E -C -R -E -T
Country and Type
USSR (Continued)
Tallin B-2
Small Super
Kolkhoznyy or B1-234
S1-235
ARZ-49
ARZ-51
Moskvich
RPK-2
ARZ-52
RPK-9
Puteyets
Dorozhnyy
Moskvich-4
Ogener
B-912 or Riga-912
Salyut
Tula
3 or it Tubes, Battery L, MW
3 or 4 Tubes L, MW
3 Tubes, TRF Battery L, MW
it Tubes, TRF L, MW
3 or 4 Tubes L, MW
it Tubes L, MW
3 or it Tubes L, MW
3 Tubes, Battery L, MW
it Tubes L, MW
3 Tubes, Battery L, MW
it Tubes, Battery or Line L, MW
it Tubes, Battery or Line
3 Tubes L, MW
2 Tubes L, MW
2 Tubes, TRF, Battery L, MW
2 Tubes, TRF L, MW
2 Tubes, Battery L, MW
2 Tubes, Battery L, MW
N.A. Tubes, Battery L, MW
2 Tubes, Battery L, MW
2 Tubes, Battery L, MW
3 Tubes, 3 Fixed Stations MW
B-1950
R-461
Standart
Partisan
V-207
g~
One Tube
g~
Malyutka
g/
Crystadyne
g/
Komsomolets
ZIF-1
J
g~
ZIF-2
g~
DPKH
Volna
SIM-2
Uzbeks tan
Balena
9
Moldaviya
g/
Volsi
Oktyabr'
1
N.A.,
N.A.
- 38 -
S-E-C-R-E-T
1 Tube 3 Fixed Stations
Crystal L, MW
Crystal.-Battery Amplifier
Attachment 0
Pocket Set, Crystal L, MW
Crystal L, MW
Crystal L, MW
Crystal L, MW
Crystal L, MW
Crystal L, MW
Probably Crystal L, MW
Probably Crystal L, MW
Crystal Fixed Station
N.A.
N.A.
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/03/27: CIA-RDP79RO1141A000100140002-2
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/03/27: CIA-RDP79RO1141A000100140002-2
S -E -C -R -E -T
Elbia W-579
1
11 Tubes
Elbia w-666
1
9 Tubes
Elbia w-465
1
8 Tubes
9E91
1
9 Tubes
9E94
1
9 Tubes
9E95
1
9-Tube Console, A.R.P.,
Tape Recorder
7E84
1
7 Tubes
Leader Super
1
12-Tube Console, R.P.
N.A.
1
10-Tube Console, R.P.
N.A.
1
16 Tubes, R.P.
3
1
7 Tubes
6E6
2
6-Tube Console, R.P.
6D71
2
6 or 7 Tubes, AC or Battery
6E95
2
6-Tube Console, A.R.P.,
Tape Recorder
5E61D
3
5 Tubes
5E63
3
5 Tubes
5E64
3
5-Tube Console, R.P.
5E66
3
5-Tube Console, R.P.
5E68
3
5-Tube Console, A.R.P.
5E69
3
5-Tube Console, A.R.P.
5U61
3
5 Tubes
5u63
3
5 Tubes
5U64
3
5-Tube Console, R.P.
5U66
3
5-Tube Console, R.P.
5U68
3
5-Tube Console, A.R.P.
5U69
3
5-Tube Console, A.R.P.,
Tape Recorder
S1049C Auto Super
3
5 Tubes, Battery
Olympia
3
4 or 5 Tubes (New Sets
have UHF)
4u64
4
4 Tubes
4u65
4
4 Tubes
4u65B
4
4 Tubes, Battery
4u65c
4
4 Tubes
- 39 -
S-E-C-R-E-T
L,
M,
3 SW, UHF
L,
SW,
UHF
L,
L,
L,
L,
M,
M,
M,
M,
SW
SW
SW
SW,
UHF
L,
L,
L,
L,
L,
L,
M,
M,
M,
M,
M,
M,
SW
SW
SW
SW
SW
SW
(5.9 to 18.2 me)
L,
M,
SW
L, M, SW, UHF
N.A.
L, M, SW, UHF (5.9 to 12.5 me)
L, M, SW, UHF (5.9 to 12.5 me)
L, M, SW, UHF (5.9 to 12.5 me)
L, M, SW, UHF (5.9 to 12.5 me)
L, M, SW, UHF (5.9 to 12.5 me)
L, M, SW (5.8 to 19 me)
L, M, SW, UHF (5.9 to 12.5 me)
L, M, SW, UHF (5.9 to 12.5 me)
L, M, SW, UHF (5.9 to 12.5 me)
L, M, SW, UHF (5.9 to 12.5 me)
L, M, SW, UHF (5.9 to 12.5 me)
L, M, SW
L,
L,
L,
M,
M,
M,
N.A.
SW (5.8 to 19 me)
2 SW, UHF
SW, UHF (5.9 to 12.5
me)
L,
M.
UHF (5.9 to 12.5 me)
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/03/27: CIA-RDP79RO1141A000100140002-2
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/03/27: CIA-RDP79RO1141A000100140002-2
S -E -C -R -E -T
East Germany
(Continued)
4u67
4u68
4u69
Super Dwarf
Auto Standard
Small Super
lull
1u16
Kolibri
4 4Tubes
4 4-Tube Console, R.P.
4 4-Tube Console, A.R.P.
4 3 Tubes
4 3 Tubes, Battery
4 3 Tubes
5 1 Tube, TRF
5 1 Tube, TRF
6 1 Tube (Two Fixed Stations)
L, MW
L, MW
L, MW
L, MW, UHF
MW
M, SW
L, M, SW (5.9 to 9.8 mc)
N.A.
L, MW
Harmonia I
Indian Harmonia
Klasic
Kongress
Romance
Largo
Symphonie
Dominant
Liberator
Pioneer
Harmonia II
F444
Rythmus
Philetta
Beseda
Talisman
Omikron
Two Tube
Krinta
Melodik
Alpha Popular
2 6 Tubes
2 10-Tube Radio Phonograph
2 6 Tubes
2 6 Tubes
2 6 Tubes
2 6 or 8 Tubes
2 6 Tubes
2 6-Tube Radio Phonograph
3 5 Tubes (Similar to Klasic)
3 4 or 5 Tubes
3 5Tubes
3 4 Tubes
3 4 Tubes
3 5 Tubes
3 5 Tubes
3 5 Tubes
3-Tube Autoradio
5 2 Tubes
N.A. N.A.
N.A. N.A.
1 or 2 N.A.
L, M, 2 SW (13.5 to 50 M)
L, M,.2 SW (13.5 to 150 M)
L, M, 2SW(13to60M)
L, M, 2 SW (13.5 to 52 M)
L, M, 2 SW (13.5 to 50 M)
L, M, 6 SW,UBF (11 to 52 M)
L, M, 2 SW (13.5 to 50 M)
L, M, 2 SW (13.5 to 50 M)
L, M, 2 SW (13 to 6o M)
L, M, 2 SW (5.7 to 18.2 mc)
L, M, SW
L, M, 3 SW
L, M, 2 SW (5.7 to 18.2 mc)
L, M, 2 SW (5.7 to 18.2 mc)
L, M, 2 SW (5.8 to 22.2 mc)
L, M, 2 SW (20 to 60 M)
N.A.
MW (500 to 1,500 kc)
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
- 40 -
S -E -C -R -E -T
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/03/27: CIA-RDP79RO1141A000100140002-2
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/03/27: CIA-RDP79RO1141A000100140002-2
S-E-C -RE-T
Country and Type Class
Hungary
A 117
TU 117
812 A
711 A
882
330
881
119
A 915
TA 915
519 A
440
442
48
47
46
45
44
75
442G
441
443G
449G
330
331
332
332B
519B
B915
429u
429UT
418 A
733
221
222
Characteristics
8 Tubes
L, M, 2 SW (5.9 to 18.2 me)
8 Tubes
M, 5 SW (2 to 26.5 me)
8 Tubes (Improved 881)
L, m, 4 SW (5.9 to 26.5 me)
8 Tubes
L, m, 4 SW (2 to 21.8 me)
8 Tubes
8 Tubes
L, M, 4 SW (5 to 24 me)
L, M, 2 SW (6 to 23 me)
8 Tubes
L, M, 4 SW (1.6 to 24 me)
8 Tubes
6 Tubes
N.A.
L, M, 2 SW (2.4 to 21.8
me)
6 Tubes
6 Tubes
M, 3 SW (5.9 to 21.8 me)
L, M, 2 SW (2.4 to 21.8
me)
b
6 T
4 SW (6 t
22
L
M
)
u
es
6 Tubes
,
,
o
me
L, m, 4 SW (6 to 18.75 me)
6 Tubes
6 'Tube s
6 Tubes
6 Tubes
6 Tubes
6 Tubes
6 Tubes, R.P.
6-Tube Great Super
L,
L,
L,
L,
L,
L,
L,
L,
M,
M,
M,
m,
M,
M,
m,
m,
5 SW
2 SW
3 SW
4 SW
5 SW
2 SW
4 SW
4 SW
(6 to 22 me)
7 Tubes, R.P. (Similar to
313)
2 6 Tubes, R.P.
2 6Tubes
2 6 Tubes
2 6 Tubes
2 6 Tubes, Battery
3 4 Tubes, Battery
3 4 Tubes, Battery
3 4 Tubes
3 4 Tubes
3 5 Tubes
3 4 Tubes
3 5 Tubes
3 5 Tubes
- 41 -
S -E -C -R -E -T
Reported 3 Fixed Stations
N.A.
L, M, SW (6 to 23 me)
L, M, SW (6 to 23 me)
L, M, 2 SW (2.5 to 22 me)
L, M, 4 SW (6 to 22 me)
L, M, SW (6 to 18 me)
L, M, SW (5.9 to 18.2 me)
M, 2 SW (3.34 to 21.8 me)
M, 2 SW (3.34 to 21.8 me)
L, M, SW (5 to 18.2 me)
L, M. SW (6 to 18.75 me)
L, M, SW (6 to 18 me)
L, M, SW (6 to 18 me)
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/03/27: CIA-RDP79RO1141A000100140002-2
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/03/27: CIA-RDP79R01141A000100140002-2
S-E-C-R-E-T
223
3
5 Tubes
L, M, SW (6 to 18 mc)
226
3
5 Tubes
N.A.
432
3
5 Tubes
L, M, 2 SW
434
3
5 Tubes
L, M, 2 SW
436
3
5 Tubes
L, M, 2 SW
672
3
5 Tubes
L, M, 3 SW
684
3
5 Tubes
L, M, 3 SW
686
3
5 Tubes
L, M, 3 SW.
772
3
5 Tubes
L, m, 4 SW
782
3
5 Tubes
L, m, 4 SW
792
3
5 Tubes
L, m, 4 SW
Kissuper
3
3 or 4 Tubes
M, SW
RABA
3
5 Tubes
L, m, 4 SW
320B
3
4 Tubes, Battery
L, M, SW (6 to 18 mc)
322
3
5 Tubes
M, SW (6 to 18.75 mc)
323
3
5 Tubes
M, SW (6 to 18.75 mc)
324
3
5 Tubes
M, SW (6 to 18.75 mc)
733
3
4 Tubes
L, MW (6 to 18.75 mc)
339
3
4 Tubes
L, MW (6 to 18.75 mc)
Phillips
3
4 Tubes
L, MW (6 to 15.7 me)
Rodina
2
6 Tubes, Battery
L, M, SW (6 to 15 mc)
Partisan
2
6 Tubes
L, M, SW
Baltika
2
6 Tubes
L, M, 2 SW
Orion
3
4 Tubes (Assembly of
Hungarian Parts)
L, M (Short Wave May be
Removed)
Popular
3
5 Tubes
L, M, SW (3.3 to 12 mc)
Pioneer Festival
3
5 Tubes
L, M, SW (6 to 15 mc)
S511A4
3
5 Tubes
L, M, 2SW (4 to 12 me)
Phillips
252-A-X
3
5 Tubes
L, M, SW
Phillips
3
4 Tubes
L, M, SW
Popular
4
4 Tubes
L, MW
512U
4
3 Tubes (Same as Pioneer)
L, MW
S521A Pioneer
4
3 or 4 Tubes (Peoples'
Radio)
L, MW
4
4 or 5 Tubes
L, MW
S -E -C -R -E -T
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/03/27: CIA-RDP79R01141A000100140002-2
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/03/27: CIA-RDP79RO1141A000100140002-2
S -E -C -R -E -T
Country and Type
Poland
Class Characteristics Wave Bands
Radiola
1
N.A.
L,. M, SW
Aga-Baltic
3
5 Tubes (Swedish Licensed
Set)
L, M, SW
Pioneer (U-1 and U-2)
3
4 Tubes (Copy of Phillips
Receiver)
L,
M,
SW
Pioneer
3
4 Tubes, Battery
L,
M,
SW
Mazur
3
5 Tubes (New Model Pioneer)
L,
M,
SW
Mazurlux
3
N.A.
L,
M,
SW
506
2
6 Tubes
L,
M,
2 SW
504
3
5 Tubes
L,
M,
SW
Pioneer
4
4 Tubes
L,
MW
Naroden
4
4 Tubes
(Peoples' Radio)
L,
MW
Marek
4
4 Tubes
L,
MW
Kliment Voroshilov
4
3 Tubes
L,
MW
Christo Botev
4
4 Tubes
L,
MW
Rodno
4
4 Tubes
L,
MW
a. Data from CIA IR files on plants listed in Appendix A.
b. R.P.: record player.
c. L. M, SW: long-, medium-, short-wave bands. Only the short-wave bands are given.
d. UHF: ultra high frequency -- refers to the FM band. FM bands in the Soviet Bloc have
been established within the 60- to 150-mc range. Some Bloc receivers designed for this FM
service are reported as UHF.
e. TRF: tuned radio frequency.
f. Probably Class 3, 4 Tubes.
g. Classes are not given by the Russians. 67/
h. A.R.P.: automatic record player.
- 43 -
S-E-C-R-E-T
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/03/27: CIA-RDP79RO1141A000100140002-2
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/03/27: CIA-RDP79RO1141A000100140002-2
S-E-C-R-E-T
APPENDIX C
METHODOLOGY
1. Radio Receiver Analysis.
Slightly different techniques for estimating production were used
for each country cited in this report. The basic methodology, however,
was the use of official statements concerning installations or re-
ferring to production in conjunction with plant studies.
Official Soviet statements in the press provided the order of mag-
nitude of the annual national estimates. Plant studies were used to
establish the product mix for vacuum tube receivers. Production
estimates for crystal receivers were derived on a manpower basis and
projected in terms of 1949 production. The crystal set estimate was
not confirmed by press statements.
The estimates on the production of radio receivers in the USSR
were based on a series of press statements and checked by plant
studies. Two methods, shown in Table 10,* were used to derive the
estimates, both depending on the key year, 1950. Estimate 1 was de-
rived by the use of stated yearly increases or stated production.
Estimate 2 adds the factor that the 1950 Plan for the production of
925,000 receivers was not reached. Plant studies and one press
statement indicate that 1950 production was actually between 800,000
and 900,000 receivers.
An additional check on the figures for the production of radio
receivers in the USSR was made through a study of the major radio
receiver plants in the USSR. The figures shown in.Table 11** are for
those years wherein estimates based on press statements appear incon-
sistent. Modifications must be made in plant study figures to elim-
inate radio receivers used in wired radio centers or for industrial
use.
* Table 10 follows on p. 46.
** Table 11 follows on p . 47.
- 45 -
S-E-C-R-E-T
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/03/27: CIA-RDP79RO1141A000100140002-2
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/03/27: CIA-RDP79RO1141A000100140002-2
S -E -C -R-E-T
Methodology Used for Estimating the Production of Radio Receivers
in the USSR
1940 and 1946-53
Year
Units Made
Method Used
1940
200,000 68/
Number Given
200,000 69
Number Given
1946
18o,ooo 70/
1947 Divided
180,000 71/
1947 Divided
by 1.66
by 1.66
1947
300,000 72/
Number Given
300,000 73/
Number Given
1948
600,000 77/
Number Given
6oo,ooo 75/
Number Given
1949
990,000
1.65 Times
740,000 77/
1950 Divided
1948
by 1.22
1950
1,210,000 78/
1.22 Times
900,000 79/
Over 4 Times
1949
Prewar
1951
1,4oo,ooo 8o/
1.16 Times
1,040,000 81
1.16 Times
1950
1950
1952
1,486,ooo L2/
1.06 Times
1,100,000 83/
1.06 Times
1951
1951
1953
1,890,000 84
1.27 Times
1,400,ooo 85/
1.27 Times
1952
- 46 -
S-E-C-R-E-T
1952
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/03/27: CIA-RDP79RO1141A000100140002-2
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/03/27: CIA-RDP79RO1141A000100140002-2
S-E-C-R-E-T
Production of Radio Receivers in the Major Radio Plants
in the USSR
1949 and 1953
Units Made
Units Made
Radio Plant
1949
1953
Radiotekhnika
40,400
60,000
Molotov
34,800
60,000
Kazitskiy
100,000
150,000
Leningrad
8,000
20,000
Baku
20,000
35,000
Ordzhonikidze
50,000
6o,ooo
V.E.F. Riga
27,000
100,000
Moscow Radio
3,000
10,000
Punane Ret
15,000
32,000
ARZ
160,000
200,000
Minsk
20,000
30,000
Order of Lenin
78,000
240,000
Red Oktyabr'
25,000
25,000
Vil'nyus
10,000
65,000
Kiev
51,000
40,000
Elektrosignal
100,000
240,000
Tula
100,000
Dnepropetrovsk
4,000
22,000
Novosibirsk
39,000
Berdsk
100,000
Others
200,000
746,200 1,828,000
-47-
S-E-C-R-E-T
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/03/27: CIA-RDP79RO1141A000100140002-2
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/03/27: CIA-RDP79RO1141A000100140002-2
S -E -C -R -E -T
For East Germany, documentary evidence was available to establish
the production both of the country and of individual plants. The major
plants were studied to obtain product mix and confirmation of pro-
duction. There has been no documentary evidence of production in
Czechoslovakia since 1950, and estimates were derived from plant
studies and checked by manpower estimates. The estimates in Czecho-
slovakia could be in error if the production pattern since 1950 has
not been constant. Official figures for production in Hungary check
with available plant information. Information before 1950 in Poland
there is insufficient plant infor
mation to establish a highly accurate product mix. Production in
Bulgaria was derived from plant studies alone. There are no official
statements that would aid production estimates. Information on in-
stalled receivers was confused because of imports from other Soviet
Bloc countries. Plant studies offered sufficient information for
estimates on the order of magnitude of production in Rumania. Be-
cause production is intermittent, depending on imports of parts and
consumer demand, accurate estimates will require
official figures.
2. Television Receiver Analysis.
Television estimates were derived mainly from estimates of in-
stalled receivers There were no official
statements capable of definite interpretation on production, though
there were definite statements of plans.
Production in the USSR was based mainly on former production
rates and on the number of TV sets installed in the USSR. There is not
enough plant information for an accurate estimate from plant studies.
Fairly accurate production rates were established for 1950 and
1951. These base years were multiplied by announced percentage
figures to confirm estimates derived from estimated installation.
The USSR has not announced any specific production figure that would
establish a firm benchmark.
S-E-C-R-E-T
50X1
50X1
50X1
50X1
50X1
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/03/27: CIA-RDP79RO1141A000100140002-2
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/03/27: CIA-RDP79RO1141A000100140002-2
S-E-C-R-E-T
Estimates of production in Poland, Hungary, and Czechoslovakia
were made on the basis of press statements. Production is so small
on new production. lines that confirmation by usual methods cannot
be made.
3. Proportion of the Production of the Electronics Industry Used
for Civilian Receivers.
The total Soviet Bloc tube production for 1953 is valued at US $104
million and the value of the 1953 electronics industry production is
roughly US $937 million.
The value of civilian radio and television sets produced in 1953
is estimated to be US $57 million, or about 6 percent of the total
value of the electronics industry. This 6 percent is inflated if the
sale price of the receiving sets is considered rather than the fac-
tory f.o.b. manufacturing price, which was used to obtain the US $57
million figure. It is more accurate to use the f.o.b. factory price,
because it is more representative of value than is a retail price
that includes average markups of 40 to 100 percent.
The Soviet Bloc made 2,202,000 radio receiving sets in 1953
(exclusive of crystal sets) requiring 11,010,000 tubes at a value
of US $6.1 million. This represents 5.8 percent of the value of the
Bloc tube production in 1953.
The Soviet Bloc made 40,100 T-2 television sets in 1953, which
required 1,285,000 receiving tubes at a value of US $695,000
Plus35,200 cheaper television sets, which required 704,000 receiving
tubes at a value of US $380,000. These 75,300 sets required cathode-
ray picture tubes worth US $1.506 million. The value of tubes used
in television production is US $2.581 million, or 2.48 percent of
the value of the Bloc tube production in 1953.
The total value of tubes used in 1953 in the production of civilian
radio and television sets would be US $8.681 million, or roughly 8.3
percent of the Bloc tube production in 1953.
To derive the total number of tubes going into civilian radio
and television sets, the value of tubes used as replacement parts must
be added.
- 49 -
S-E-C-R-E-T
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/03/27: CIA-RDP79RO1141A000100140002-2
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/03/27: CIA-RDP79RO1141A000100140002-2
S-E-C-R-E-T
It is estimated that at the end of 1953 there were 12.67 million
radio receiving sets in use, of which 2.2 million were 1953 production.
Of the older 10.47 million receivers, each set averaged a replacement
of one tube, making a total of US $5.6 million for replacement tubes.
During 1953 there were 117,000 television sets having 3.3 million
receiving tubes and requiring 820,000 replacement tubes worth US $4.5
million. In 1953 these television sets required approximately
50,000 cathode-ray picture tubes worth US $1 million.
Tubes used in the wired radio network and for miscellaneous radio
amplifiers require an additional production of tubes valued at
US $1.5 million.
The total value of tubes used in the manufacture of new radio and
television sets plus the value of replacement parts required to
maintain the radio and television facilities of the Soviet Bloc is
US $18 million, or roughly 17 percent of the total value of the produc-
tion of the Soviet Bloc tube industry in 1953.
- 50 -
S-E -C -R-E-T
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/03/27: CIA-RDP79RO1141A000100140002-2
 50X1
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/03/27: CIA-RDP79RO1141A000100140002-2
Next 6 Page(s) In Document Denied
Iq
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/03/27: CIA-RDP79RO1141A000100140002-2
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/03/27: CIA-RDP79RO1141A000100140002-2
SECRET
SECRET
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/03/27: CIA-RDP79RO1141A000100140002-2