ENVIRONMENTAL MODIFICATION

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP79M00467A000400020041-1
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 3
• Document Creation Date: December 14, 2016
• Document Release Date: December 3, 2002
• Sequence Number: 41
• Publication Date: February 6, 1976
• Content Type: OPEN

.tant to Unproved-relatIons thsis generifl.d
ved F614 NGRESS10.114.: lqcOR_SENATE
se-antql4gUreikausasame*6
over North and -Benin
laration or atmospherics. - - '.. Tr- ? its attention and energies to Urgent domestic bodia. The expressed
These-three specific areas-arms Control,. - problems and pressing world responsibilities, P of such seedings, which In one In- -
-economic policy and political negotiations- the process ofnormalizing relations-with the stance increased rainfall by 30 percent:Ewes
. vrilLbe the focus of East-West relational:I:.--floviet Union must continue- .7., --? .,...-. ,-,,,r- ' -to nniddY vital aliPPlY trails, thereby hare"' -
-: the period ahead, .13uccees:Irt.-each of them is '... , . - . - ? ? ,--i. ' poring enemy troop and supply movements. 1..
important.- , - 1, -, .,,....? , ? a.....',--;,-, Pentagon spokesmen -called -the seedings a -
??. WO need a. liniitaidon-on arineatents. ?...;E:ply180,NM4NTAL- iaptaricAnoN isnure, but defended the project as humane' ---
: We need a system or International ? .,..? "Raindrops don't kin people. bombs do."
? - . _. ? . ,? 141-rf:PIEGia Mr President, I would nice -. The Department of Defense has -denied
reserves.NV need r Seel in , the to drawthe attention of my colleagues to that is cloud seeding. over-North Vietnams in
rtant article on 1971 caused that country's heaviest rains and
' middle gest - --"-Jils' '- -"'" ''' di'vel.Y. tinleb ' alld'hliP? -- au worst flooding since 1945,:when more than a
' - It win be dbacultebb-iigil t? make-Pragiesa ..'enViriMbletital nlcSrillidatiell:; bY'Ld- w '' million Vietnamese had 'perished from flood
:nix-each I of the:evils:ems - individnally. 11:lve.,-Ponte; Whieh appeared in'the Lee Angeles , n.? subseinent. famine. Buv_rne pentagon ?
-.-..limit them and maice_progress_In one de., -mines Ofi- January -29. liffr.:-Ponte-As 'an . ---
does maker this admission:- -jiiist prior to ?the .
' Pendent on PrcEPeee,--tek-an? the thei e2e7 ? _ be :feditortif Skeptic Magazine, and his new ., 1971 flood-4, it -carried out a concerted 'policy
..impossible And Myst/a-Make one-sided icon-- lbook-p....rbe.ceounc,,v,bieb will be pub.. of bombing flood-control dikes In North Viet. -
----:scesi".to ,pereuadans in 9netbi, c1t - suyietu: these areas.t blezi effortchge .i.uei ?eughed.qn: 410% r': concerns till:: Earth'sowd nastrain;rtsiesd'''''' tirsb,-'4-1:0?2.17017--til...p-rofr-a7-. med.": faiti: .-..,i,t 7 _
_stance in anothei'ir war =Pose?" ; ,war aimed -at civilian populations
changbarviimate a ? me AT
-naivete. " -e, !modify 'WI had the honor or y.vrnmar a
? : Is wrong -
- should.learlY to the: envtet [foreword to that book this-in ;mind, as well as the unknown --
.
'Z.-- -hazards of Usaissivci tampering, with natural
- mamas that they can &chary* solid benefits L08 Angeles Tinieisiarnme, Mr. processeto:senator -4aialhome pen (D.R.L)
by cooperation in c?sch of these areas. stave-, `ponte diseuese's the -outstanding issues introduced 1973' resohstion calling. fel` an
tell? SIMS "We' WI =Stable world f??4 mar" ' whichliave Y,eC to be resolved-in the Ge- international treaty, to ,prohnsit environ-
' ket, tension and conflict in the Middle Peet'
--___ and .eisewhere-.:_none,cd-ehese are In.heir :neva - disarmament negotiations' in'order mental *Fier? "or the carrying out of any,-,f?'
v piohibiting t
:ha_mui- research-,i-,7 or -- experimentation.' directed*,
----,1.t-i'". ....'l" -,"''''' ''2' ''.' '''''''.."..?,._,;?'1,-'"1"-.;'' -'---- nestle* n treat ? - - " thereto." On July 11, 1973, the Senate-- IV"
-
They Can work ';'veith4tror to avoid: '.these lazy or .*?anY -other 'hostile uses' of en''_ ..roved pews measure. 82 to:ia,
'dangers- But Ve Inttet'aien =eke clear to viropmentatinbdificatiOn tec.hniques. He v Partially in response to the resottrtion, the
-- -them that, progreeatten? only be achieved if :832,6 :reviews- the hankground -leading uP 'united States joined-'BMWs In ,proposInva
411034-no less than -we are prepared to make -.tn.those treaty negotiations including the treaty totan "military or any,other hostile
- canC"Ed?311L AgrearaeORIMS4 be ,base4zen a :Ilertafel passage in - 1973 by -an over- uss or-., environmental ", modification ' tech.* ..,_
of
? ?rwhetraing 82 tcrIa vote of a-resolution
In abOut a mantis:the-25th Party Congresa-', . . ?
which I Introduced' for such
win occur_ During roosting imitortant ?
decisions wal-bo made concerning the future negotIatl.- -
direction of 2eeiet-44sreigis pollcy ?;00k1ng Atr.% Pante' cocUrpotht- out,
further ahead. 4.4.01eac that. the.: &Siete 'many 'ambiguities and-'weaknesses resist
-are -011 the threshold id_a generetinnel turoz7-:----tr_the current drift -treaty. It waa with
- over among the' EltrtY leade;a141P-ee. izvievi toward Clarifying and -imin?oving
-the-treaty- that 'the'F'oreign -Relations
? "'Subcommittee -MI Oceans and 'Interne.-
. - to the Soviets the- principles that lee _
.believe should govern-the Fast-West relation:: - '11Onal Environment, of which! am chair-
ship. We may have .a'unlqtze opportunity to :_znan, held hearings-, on January 21; 1978.
?influence the development at a Soviet foreign -,',During the course of those hearings; the
policy of restraint._ and' responsibility-and .,subcoremittee-w4S Particularly interested
the emergence Ofin'--lese repressive .derceatinin ktimillit --whether the draft treaty
This .sSas;*--Se3lieved'het. hlrbelsg': -Might be diengthened by -deleting the
'-:?enti -cr enniPie In. any. YtnYi.n!n' :.-b-e5'languit elimitIng the prohibition against
.,..?
. Firnmessncerder.;:rint' tee:.thii-st couple :?1-eitiviroannentaI warfare to those instances
L-c-this attitude :::eritk( 1
, encouragement: Of.,:t1se ,111'telliCh -. Pie '-effects' are ""iciespread,
.. . .
- I
:the Ideologuest.lationallsts and the Mary.; ..:?Airr.Til. - result --7-ot the .-hearingS;'"I..have nesearchem in tans :- orolirare use -elaborate i'-;.-
niques.'t Submitted to: August -to-the 31--na---
tton UN: Conference 'of the Committee- on
Disarmament-in Geneva; the 'draft agreement A
is expected-towin Senatorratification by_this
Peirs--suboarnmfttee-onuesaniencl-thein;;-
ternatIonal envh?onnient:lsegia hearinge,on
the propoied treaty- last-Week;.axonal it isa
far cry from what he originally wanted.
:., His enter objection Isthat the treaWwould
not ban military research or-experimentation
with environmental modification.-"ENMOD.".
-as It -by -a r growing: Pentagon:
bureaucracy dedicated to ita study: Quite the
contrary?. the ,-.treaty:--clearly _allows=
"peaceful"- research-even when - conducted
by a military org?anIzation.
The-trouble- comes-whennJon try te-define;,-?.
"peaceful."'
The Pentagon; -for example; contends-that -
Its Climate Dynamics-program is essentially
, - ? peaceful, because it is defensive In nature:: --
- ? To achieve this,- American . political - lead- eche-ur adriainittration to re-extunine computermodele -to saidy raeans'of raeltine_ -
. era should focus -on:the three areas that I2these -Criteria- as-well? as other areas. of_ polar Icecaps, generating hurrIcanes.Or other--r
?'-beve described-Baking concrete Pregreee' en -'ambiguity in the treaty- with a' view to- - -wise utilizing "key. environmental instabill-r.
..the basis of the principles that./ have . ? - - ? ff"t1ve i ties" to release vast amounts of potentially:
that will ;serve the Interests .Cof both warn majang tne entY ore
destructive energy -(These researchers bare.
countries. ants control. - .? _ - already discovered subtle ways that this
An this wiebelsard to-de in an election Mr. President, I ask Unanimouth non--
-- year. unless both political parties approach - seat that:Mr. Ponte's article, be printed
this issue in a realistic and responsible man- in the RECORD- - -77 77: =
_
ner. There being no objection,- the . article
I want to 'ice the Seviet-Azaericran -rele-
- - ordered to be printed In the Iiscosn,
.tionship discussed- and debated-in the ' - - sary to detect any secret Soviet envirotunen-
lag Presidential election.- ' r- " -tel tempering aimed at wrecking weather- in-'
But I want the candidates to use restraint. N'irkarnzeWasai,as. Posse...Ler:, PARTLY CLOUDY-, North America../ndeed,hecause the proposed-
'If they do- not,, and if demagoguery is sub- "rimarr?-? worm moor - treaty makes no mention of-forming anlister
atituted /or-sensible discussion, great harm 4?,..visrotestezerei. siszence as isztrraare;4.-; _ . national agency to inspect or regulate climate
-.7., Could be done the causeof influencing the (By Lowell - modification_ programa.: the ?Defense Depart
:7- evolution of a less-eggresslre Soviet .ferelP ai-i967?..,-then7Sen. Lyndon H.:Johnson' D. meat is likely, to; reqUest even- more . money-
policy? '7Tiax.) was enchanted-as were, a number of for the Climate Dynamics program-so :the
"XX infimmatory -rhetoric or lawraakerby the fantasies of Department United States -will' be-better- able to:detect-I-
, detect-
promises become the coinage of a: Presidential -
campaign in, discussing Soviet-American re.. _of -Defense r researchers who ' would use treaty violations. :r:
weather -as .a weapon of war. "Prom entice." As the document -now stands, enforeerain
- lations, we only 'aid and abet those Soviets :the said,' "one Could control the earth's provisions are, in.!'actrither raeager-Leaders.
who want a return to -the. Cold War for their
weather, cause drought and floods, change of nations who believe-their environment is
.., own PurPcsee-r 2 ' - ? , - tides and raise levels of. the sea, make under attack_msay. present evidence to the.-
/ urge candidates in both parties to take :temperate enmates frigid." . . . . , OR. Security Council. However, the council
the high -road of reasoned statesmanship,
speaking honestly to the East-West Issues
that must now be tackled. In this way prog-
ress in our relations with the- Soviet Union-
can continue even labile we go about the
process of choosing America's new leadership.
If we seek world peace, there are no alter-
natives to a constructive Soviet-American
country could, secretly from space.. disrupt
weather in. the Soviet Union, thereby- wreck- :r-
ing harvests and keeping that country ,de-
pendent on U.S. grain imports.) - - '-
Pentagon officials say the program is fleece-
r-A decade later, as President, he made some
-of those. fantasies spring to life by anti:toils-
ing znassite- rain making, defoliation and
'other -kinds of environmental warfare in
Southeast Asia. - .
- As congressional'. Inquirers have subse-
quently- learned, the Pentagon secretly spent
at least $3.6 million a year. between 1967 and
-
would be put in a severe bind should-such a- -
case come before it, because any evidence in-
tended to show "weather warefare" would be
highly debatable. -
Climatology is an Infant science, full of un-
knowns. Our planet's climate is- already in a
period of.- severeinstability (whether from'
human or natural causes is -uncertain). As a
? ? -
Approved For Release 2001/01/2 : CfA-ROP74:100467A0004Q09:290.41-71
_
S 1515 Approved For Re etea ygiark-iteE694g 02604iEeb-:),72,47-y-- 6, 1676--
, ,
V of S. 32 establishes an ter- dent. Mr. GOIden'S candidali is a
governmental Science, Engineering, and whose name will certainly-come up in the ?'
Technology Advisory Panel charged with -future as the -President reviews the. posi-
the responsibility of "identifying and de- eon. It. is my hope that Mr. Golden's- --.:
fining civilian problems at the State, re- speech, his suggestions,- and his ideas,
gional, and local levels to whole solutiCer t will assist others to continue a construe".
- or ? amelioration the application of act- ; tive and meaningful discourse over these--.?.. -
...Bum.' engineering, and technology may Issues. .
..contribute.'! Title V further establishes a--.. -I ask unanimous consent _to
!-grant -program to be administered by excerpts in the RECORD. "
the -Director - of the National Science There being no objection, the excerpts.
, foundation in consultation- with the ,In- were ordered to be-printed in the Rao-
tergovernmental Panel, - to assist ? the our; as follows: ? A' .,;
-,States: in establishing or strengthening
*State offices of science, engineering, and
teclmology within the executive and leg-.
:islative branches of their governments.
The Howe_ measure. Ims no comparable
'provision: -
-:The - committee on conference must
examme?title .V in light of two factors
-.which, in-my view, are central to the ap-
.propriateness of the provision. First, is
the issue whether the title V ? program
?duplicatei or overlaps- the intergovern-
mental. science program presently ad-
-ministered by the National Science Fowa- - ;
We have seen. that the Presidential m ,
imic:
dation:- and funded for fiscal year 1976 '
advisory apparatus Was created by President
at P,588;400. I note that the President 'Truman e srly in 1951 under theetrong stirs''
* lias:reqUested $3,600,000- for this-inter- was or the Korean War; that it was rein-
governmental science program for- fiscal -vigeratett by President Eisenhower in 1957
year 1977. Second, the administration responsive to another stimulus, the launch.-
indicated its disapproval of the title V ing of Sputnik by the. Mundane; arid that it
was dissolved by President, Nixon in 197a,
grant program because it places the Di- some measure as- a con
. sequence- of -the di-- --:-,-
,rector. of the National 'Science Founda-
? result, many Countries will stiffer terrible
- ?weather, drought and crop failures, and many
will try weather and climate modification as
. In 1975,-the National Academy of Sciences
. even raised the possibility that a new Ice
Age may. be.. upon us within a century?a
.. threat that-certainly could prompt the Unit-
ed States and the Soviet Union to try global
climate modification. not as an instrument
of war but as. a new form' of "cold war."
So what is clearly needed, in addition. to
-this treaty, is soine form Of international'
- agreement on , Inspection, - asessment . and
,reparation. guarantee's for countries injured
, ? by environmental. :modification. .,...Arrother..:
' _weeks:was of ? the s proposed treat, la-that it t-
prohibits only thciee environmental modiff- ..
.. cation technique, by the-military that have
-., "widespread.'..long-lasting or severe. effects-,
, harmful to human welfare." Would this have
_ , kept the United - States, from - Modifying .
- weather in Vietnam? Perhaps not, for, as one
. Pentagon analyst said, "People in Southeast '
:Asia are used to- heavy _rains" tut how pro-.-,
: ,-longed would rains have to be in a monsoon-- ,
belt nation to. be-called. "long-lasting -.and
-severe?" : :,- - , -.,..., .,f - - ? - , -.-
. Indeed, what is a "hestlie" act, as binned
by the treaty. The Rusians are now busy Tee
.,versing rivers that flow into the Arctic Ocean
,? and creating Inland seas. Experts say. this
- aetionwill alter world climate, :but the treaty
, -es-written excludes , "peaceful" environment -
. .modification.from coverage:, .-- , r ' ?? . -. , ??,? .
f, .': - Some lawmakers fear the treaty Would even ,
- , encourage potentially dangerous military re-
search into environmental modification by
-helping it- gain legitimacy and funds.,Pell? .
along with Representatives Gilbert- - Gude ?
. (9,-Md.-) and Donald M. Praiser (0-Mine ,)?
would eliminate this risk by putting all U.S.
:government research- into weather and cli-
? mate modification. Including that of the.mil-
? Attu and the Central Intelligence Agency,
L_
under control ofa civilian authority answer-
able to Congress ' - , ? ..: .. - --- - ,.:- - . -2.
Next month, the Geneva disarmament con-
-ference will resume discussions on the treaty.
.? I is expected to consider adding a prohibition
--. on research -into t weather -warfare?which
- --- would meet Peirs chief objection.. Without
such a restriction, the proposed treaty would
.fl have only limited,value. - :.. :-' ?:.',......- -r:',..-;
. .? .....
7- NATIONAL SCIENCE' POLICY-. ----.
-.. ' Mr. JAITITS..Mr. President, S. 32, the
. ..- . ? . ?
. ? National Policy, Organization, and Prior-,
--' - ities for Science; Engineering, and Tech-
, - nology Act of -1976, approved by the Sen--
. ate Wednesday was reported by the
Labor and Public Welfare Committee, the
- Committee on Commerce, and the Corn-.
_ mittee on Aeronautical and Space Sci-
ences. A committee of conference will
= soon be appointed to work-out the differ-
ences between our measure and H.R.
-- - 10230, the House-passed measure. With
- this in mind,- I think it would be most
' helpful to review the major' differences _
. between the Senate bill and H.R. 10230.
Both measures set forth a national sci-
ence policy. Both measures establish in
the Executive Office of the President an
office of science policy. Beth measures Cell
for a full review of the- overall Federal
? effort in science and technology.
The Senate measure establishes in its
title /V a Federal coordinating group for
- science, engineering, and technology.
- This group is envisioned as quite similar
- to the Federal Council for Science and
- Technology presently established pursu-
ant to Executive Order 10807. The House
measure has no similar provision. ?
?
'WHAT CAN Tots 8CIENTISTi ANN ENONTEINCS DO-
'FOE Ma: os, War SHO'CLD THE persiniarr.
WANT A SCIENTIFIC ADVISICitt, ? ;.`""'
-,i(Lecture by William Golden).
The subject of science Eicivice for the Preal;
dent; long an interest of mine, is once again :-
a timely One; and it is gratifying to seby
your presence, evidence of your concern,
Let me reveal at once; first, that I believe
to be virtually self-evident that the Presi-
dent needs science advice and, second, that
it Is not nearly as obvious that he need', a
Science Adviser. This will be discussed, ?
? PRESENT SITOATZON -
--:,;ion. in-the Position of approving the or-
?-ginization of State science offices. I . am "
..not persuaded that these arguments are
compelling as to either item but rather
favor both.. . ? ' ? _
:
,mt.-President, the central purpose of', science and technology are ;completely: sepa- -
rated. Fragmentary: fission products of, the
thiS legislation is-to provide the President
PSAC and. Office of 'Science and Technology
Iwith.the best possible mechaMsM forte- -
organizations have, fortunately, been attract-;,.,:,'.,
'ceiving,..competent and appropriate ad- ? ed. to other units of ; the? Executive Office
vice* on science. and teehoOIogy matters. the President, particularly the National Se-.
It LS MY judgment that S.? 32 will accom- curity Council, andthe. National -Science
Slush this Purpose. As a result, for ,,the .iFoundation. So all Is However, the
'a
first time in several. years, the Presillent influence of scientific and technological
.
-counsel , on policy: formation in the ? upper
? level, of - government has, been 'downgraded,
-diminlehed, and dispersed:',`
- 'Unlike the situation'-at the Korean War -
and Sputnik period's, there is no strong stim---
ulus,at this time to spur, the. President to
--create ? a new mechanism for providing set,
mice and technology information to him and
to high levels of the government. However,
the - mounting domestie :and international.
'problems facing the nation have served to
Issue-the very much-alive :-
first place? .In order to assist my col- keep?
-
leagues and --others interested in , these There hap. been growing debate and pres
issues, I refer at this point in the RECORD
sure from the intellectual world generally.......1.
visiveness in American society producedr b ?
the Vietnam war,-
Sinbe 1973 the Director of the Nation-el
Selene, Foundation, Guy Stever, has also hid
limited responsibility for providing non-mili-
tary science advice to the President. military - -
of the United .States will have available
:to him appropriate advice and expertise
pa the area of science and technology to
_assist him in making the often complex
and far-reaching decisions demanded by
that office.
One may legitimately, ' ask 'how the
status of science advice in the office of
the President became so reduced as to
require legislation such as this in the
including the political and other social act- -
to a speech given by William T. Golden - - ?
tists es well as the physical and biological ?
- of -New--York City,- in April 11975. This scientists, to re-establish a mcire effective and
--prominent focus for science . and technology
in the government- structure, particularly. in '
the Executive Branch. .Congress has estab-
fished its own Office_ of Technology "Asseis?,-.
meat under the directorship of the capable
and experienced Emilio Q. Daddario, who was -
Mr. Science in Congress during his years -es- a
Representative from Connecticut. But, this,-
agency is not designed to and cannot fulfill :
the leadership - function . of. -the Executive-
Branch.
- , -
_ congress is aware Of this, as has been eV'.
?. .
deuced by the hearings of the Teague Come
mates on Science and Astronautics in the,
House of Representatives in 1973 and 19711:
(in which many distinguished individuals
? testified at length) and by the activity- of'
Senator Kennedy of Massachusetts. The lat..;
position rests, of course, with the Presi- ter, with associates, recently introduced a
paper provides an excellent review of the
rise and decline of scien,ce and technol-
- -ogY advice for the President. It will- also
be of use in beginning the discourse on
another important question for the near
future?that of the nature and qualifica-
tions of the man to be chosen by the
President as his Science Adviser.
- Mr. Golden's views are, I feel, all the
more noteworthy because his sugges-
tions have come so close to the provi-
sions embodied in H.R. 10230 and S. 32.
His suggestions with respect to the quali-
fications necessary for the Science Ad-
viser are thoughtful and constructive.
- The ultimate choice of the man to fill this
- Approved For Release 2003/01/29 : cIA-RDP7911/100407A00040002004,1.71
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