A DIALOG ON FREEDOM AND INTELLIGENCE

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP79M00467A000400020014-1
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 3
• Document Creation Date: December 14, 2016
• Document Release Date: December 3, 2002
• Sequence Number: 14
• Publication Date: June 4, 1976
• Content Type: OPEN

? The Senate met at 9 a.ra.; on the eX-
titration of-the-recess, and was called to
..:?-order by Hon: ?Tticitsan SssoNzi-a Senator
from the Stateof Florida..=?
? rtAirER 4 ? ?
The :Chi-Pie-3' the R-eirerenartilisid
_L. a Elson.:D.P4 offered the JollOwing
: 'prayer: " ?
--"r? Great -ciod,toicf'of all men an'd
...lions, we thank Thee for this land so fair--
-:and free; for, its worthy aims and noble
_Purposek: for' ite instruments of govern-
:: inents,_ its homes, its churches, 'and its
schools. We've thankful for people who
... have come to our shores with customs and
accents toenrich our lives._ Thou haat
led us in the-Pait, forgiving sins; correct-
lug mistakes, confirming the right and-
- :the good. Lead us in. days to come. Give
us a voice'to?praise Thy goodness in. this
'land of living men, and a will to serve
Thee new and always, throtigh..., Jesus
Christ our tord.-Amen. - ?
AZ j.UNE::4,_
deg(skstiOO-day of Thursday; June-3, 1976).
pore.. The. Chair observes that the ob-;-
jection -noted was as to the approval of
-the Journal; as.opposed to the reading of
the "Journal. - ?
ALLEN;No.: the Senator from' Ala-
, barna.- objected to dispensing with-the
reading of the. Journal of yesterday.
Mr.-ROBERT C.. l3YRD.? ?resident,
.1i did not "make that request. ' ?
ALLEN. I object -to the "reading
being dispensed with or the approval, be-.
cause 'the legislative day is the same as
;yesterday. ?I- objected to*the request. ?
-The- ACTING ? PRESIDENT pro' tem-
'pore. Objection is heard.
Mr. ROBERT-C. BY'RD. For the rec-
ord, .to make the record clear, I did not
- ask to dApense with the reading of the
:Journal, but for the approval.- of the
Journal. ' _
----The- ACTING' PRESIDENT pro tem-
Pore. The Chair has sOstated. '
;- Mr. ALLEN. I 'object to the approval
of the-Journal. ? ?
The ACTING PRESIDENT-pro, tem-
pore: The objection is noted.
APPOINTMENT OF ACTING PRESI-
?
DENT-PRO TEINIPORE ? -
- - COIVEMITTE E MEETLINTGS -
The PRESIDING OFF/CER 'The clerk '
? will please read a communication to the
. Senate from the President pro tempore
(Mr. EASTLAND). -
The assistant legislative clerk read the
following letter:
u.s. sexes%
13/1EsmENT PRO Tenaposs,
Washington, D.C., June 4, 1978;
? To the Senate: ? -
Being temporarily absent from the Senate
on edictal duties,:!'appoint Hon. RICHARD B.
&rows, a Senator-from the State of Florida,
to perform the duties of the Chair during my
absence. -
Jeaucs 0. EARTLAITD, ?
President pro tar:wore.
Mr. STONE thereupon took the chair
- as Acting President pro tampon.
"i' 'r,HEI JOURNAL .
-
Mr. ROBERT- C. BYRD. Mr. President,
I ask unanimous consent that the
Journal of ,Thursday, June 3, 1976, be
approved.. - - -
.-_ Mr. ALLEN--Mn President, reserving
the right to object, we are still in the
; same legislative.- day as we were in yes-
? . terday, and my objection at this time to
dispensing --with . the reading of the
Journal Would not cause the Journal to
Mr. ROBERT C. BYRD. Mr. President.,
I ask unanimous consent that all com-
mittees be authorized to meet until 12
o'clock today, or until the end of morn-
ing business, whichever comes-later.
? The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem-
pore. Without objection, it is so ordered.
"Mr. ROBERT C. BYRD. I yield the
floor. - - ? -
- Mr. HELMS I -yield? on behalf of the
minority. '
The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem-
pore. Under the previous order, the Sen-
-ator from North Carolina (Mr. MORGAN)
Is recognized for not to exceed 15 min-
- utes. ?
be read. I object.
The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tern-
pore. Objection is heard. ' .
The Chair notes that the -objection
was to the approving of the Journal,
? ra.ther than t,he reading of the Journal.
Mr. ALLEN. What did the Chair say?
The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem-
? --? .
A. DIALOG . ON. FREEDOM. AND
INTELLIGENCE
?
"Mr.' MORGAN. Mr. President,- I was
- fortunate, during-my first year of serv-
ice to the United States as a Senator, to
be appointed a member of the Senate
Select Committee on Intelligence-Activ-
ities. I regard_ the- accomplishments of
that. committee as some of the most im-
portant work ever undertaken- in the
Congress concerning the rights and civil
liberties of American citizens. Recently,
in a significant display of support for
the work of the committee, the full Sen-
- ate followed through on one of the cen-
tral recommendations of the committee
and established a permanent committee
to oversee the activities of this Nation's
intelligence agencies. I was appointed to
that committee and look forward to con-
tinued service in that general area.
_ .
' I feel strongly thattlienew
by incree.sing the accountability-of- hi--
telligence agencies' to the Congress, will
'make them able-to mOre; effectively
form their vital functions at the
. same- time insure- that- the. principles of. 7:
freedens, On- which this 'couutryiwas
founded be held -regard- by..
agencies.- -
- The committee 'canducted many pub-- 7,-2
-lic -bearings during 7 its Investigation, -
? with some of---thein- being-televised nit.;
- tiona.11y. While these hearings and the
_ investigation itself necessarily focused -
on past abuses of the intelligente-agen -
cies, there were Several-themes and un- .
dercurrents present which I. feel, be?
cause of their subtleriature, need to be-
reemphasized to the- 'American ' PeoPW -
The revealing of past abuses of agencies
suclies the FBI and. CIA to the citizens
of our Nation was relatively simple
? matter once the abities had been dis-
covered...Explaining the- signifIcance'of
the. abuses,' as . their -relate to. the
sustenance of our 'democratic way of life. -
is a far more difficult task. I-make this
-statement after a careful review of the
hundreds of letters I received during
tile-
course of the investigation, conversations
" with my constituents and citizens :of
other States, and upon 'determining a ?,
general atmosphere' I found exhibited
by _the personnel of the -agencies the -
committee was investigating.-
- In an effort to increase the awareness '
of the American people of. the-function- -..
ing of our intelligence agencies and as
? a means of developing, conversation and -
dialog on , -the interrelationship -:".of
those activities and the inherent right's
of American_ citizenerintend to, during
the month Preceding our celebration of
? our 200th anniversary as a nation, enter-
? into the CONGREsSIONAL:RECORD some_ of-
my thoughts-on what I- feel are
? cant themes whiCh- were present during-
-
the course of the select-committee's
n
iestigatio and which 'in*, all likelihood,.
will reappear during:the . work -_ of ther-f.1-
Oversight Comraittee.
Just as the- committeeeitivestIgatIon,-?:,
revealed thousands of Fabuset- of constc-?:_-
-tutionally guaranteed-. rights of Amer.-.--.
icon 'citizens committed by intelligence
agencies over the last 40'-yea,the work -
of the committee also unequivocally dem-
onstrated our need for, end the- impor-
tance of. an effective intelligence-gather-
ing capability: The recognition of this -
need is a prerequisite-to any -discussion
of past actions taken by the members
of our intelligence community. ?
- The Central Intelligence Agency wee
established in the wake of World War II
and after analyses of information known
to various of our military branches
in-
dicated that had the information -they -
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possessed been centrally organized and aggrieved .by our society, but even more
? evaluated we -would have known in ad- so by those charged.with insuring our de-
tense and tranquillity.
Only -by positively affirming that
nel-
titer the least nor the most Powerful of us
Is above the rule of law can we attain the
true freedom, our forefathers sought 200
years ago. ??? ?
.??';?,Illiank.the Chair. , ?
- vance of the Japanese attack on Pearl
2 Harbor. Thus, the purpote.of establish-
-- Ing the CIA was to provide for, in the
? words of our Declaration of Independ-
ence, a more e.ffective "common defense"_,
of our Nation. There should be no argu-
ment among. American citizens, despite
present efforts to ease world tensions,
- , that a strong defense is an absolute pre-
- - requisite to- our continued existence as a
.:nation. " - ? , ?
Similarly,-- the Federal' Bureau_ of In ?
vestigation -developed its reputation as
? 4one-of the most effective law enforcement
-1 agencies- in--the world by enforcing the
Federal criminal laws of our country,
thereby protecting the citizen -and the
Nation from those whose activities in dis-
regard for the law threatened. again in
the words-of ? our ? Declaration of lade-
: pendence, our "domestic tranquillity." An
_ additional and important function of the
FBI is the conducting of intelligence op-
erations directed at foreign espionage ef-
forts against the .-United. States. No one
would say the Purposes of these activities
are impropenIn today's world, our needs
- for an effective Central Intelligence
- Agency and Federal Bureau of Investi-
gation are more than apparent. ?- ? -
The. committee's work, however, re-
vealed that, for various reasons, some un-
derstandable but still improper, and oth-
ers without any basis in law or logic, our
intelligence agencies, in attempting to
maintain our security, acted with com-
plete disregard for a basic tenet of our
democratic society. It has often been re-
peated. that ours- is a government of laws
and not one of men. We assume that the
law is Just and that Justice is blind. When
we feel there are inequities in our laws,
we seek change through the courts,- our
- legislative processes, or through execu-
tive mandate._ We equip our Nation,
States, countief, and municipalities with
necessary means to enforce our laws and
seek swift and effective punishment for
:those who violate- them. .Our society,
? while recognizing the fallibility of --imam,
strives for perfection through? a Welk.
evolved legal process. ?
- The Select-Committee's final report on
"Intelligence.-Activities and the Rights
of Americans" states that?, ?
? Legal issues were cle- rly not a primary con-
sideration?if they were, a consideration at
? all--In many of the programs and techniques
of the intelligence community.
Stated. plainly, many activities of our
Intelligence agencies were above and be-
yond the law.. These activities not only
involved patent violations of the law but
more seriously constituted actions which
- infringed on the rights of. our citizens-
and our fellow Americana. And the viola-
' tion of the rights of a single American
2-, constitutes a violation of the rights of all
_Americans, no matter his creed or station
in life.
, Mr. President, my greatest concern fOr.
the future of America, for my State, for
my family, for us all, is that we remain
free. To do this we must first define free-
dom, as our forefathers did in the Con-
stitution
ksorgdarti
an
lives accordcilifffilAt
done by those who seek change or feel
ORDER OF BITSINEI3STI.
The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tern-
pore. Under the previous order. the Sena-
tor from Delaware (Mr. Bonin is rec08--
nized for not to exceed 15 minutes.
, . ?
LCONGRESSIONAL hiwCS
,?-??--Mr. ROTH. Mr. President, when I was
4alking? to people -in Delaware- over .the
:Memorial Day weekend. I _found ? them
-More. cynical than ever about: Congress
-as an Institution. -Many references were
made to the Wayne Hays scandal. of
, course, but the main point is that people
regard-- the Hays matter not as an iso-
lated instance but as part of a. general
-pattern of moral laxity in Congress and
coverup. The present scandal only rein-
-forces a negative--Image already there
and further contributes to- the already
dismal condition Of public confidence in
Congress. Even before the Hays revela-
, lions, a Harris poll found that only 9
percent of the American people have a
great deal of confidence in the leader-
ship of Congress. This compares to 18
percent 2 years ago and 42 percent in
-----1966.
-If Cogress is t& retain the public's
confidence, it must have the courage to
clean, up its own -house. It has been-
applying a double standard of morality,
pressing ahead with investigations of the
executive branch, Watergate, the CIA,
and multinational-Corporations, ? but re-
luctantly acting on charges of con-
gressional misbehavior only when forced
to. Congress, which has been' so ready
to preach morality to others, has failed
,
to enforce acceptable standards.for itself.
'Under pressure,: the House Committee
on Standards of Official 'Conduct is for-
- mally investigating allegations involving
: Congressman HAYS and earlier and dif-
ferent charges against Congressman
Sniss. Aside from- these, here are some.
other serious allegations: - ? _41
that Members -of Congress
-other -than- HATS have nonworking em-
ployees on their payrolls. ..`? ?-j --------
- Charges that some Members accepted
illegal payments from Gulf Oil Co.
Charges that two Members of the
House accepted bribes from the South
Korean Government. - - -
? ? Charges that several Merabers of the
House turned in false travel vouchers, re-
ceiving reimbursement for -travel ex-
penses they never paid. " _
Charges that a-Member of the House
extorted payments from illegal aliens in
return for introducing private bills on
their behalf
- ? ,
have no 'personalalleratinonsw argeecoor - RourzTE ,moRNiNG :BuenlEss
anaydrADMID litliffiliatifilliii0044/00207Pget PRESIDENT pro tem-
these cases -should be fully investigated pore. Under the previous order. there
and cleared up. seriout, and well;
" founded - charges are ? made, Congress
? should show the same 'vigor in following -
up on them as it does when the charges
involve others. If Congress is going to
have high credibility in performing its -
proper function of investigating abuses.
elsewhere, we must show that we are -
ing to apply a single high standard of '
ethical -conduct to all,
Including :our--
selves.
Congress has. been-auspicious when :=
,dealing with others?...;.but generous and
tolerant in dealing vrith :its own- Mem-
- ben.. In -the case of the House travel -
vouchers, for examp14'there appears to
be a great willingness to-accept- the word
,.of Members that they simply did not look
at the vouchers they signed-and did not,
realize that they were -claiming
reim-
bursement . for hundredt or even thou- _
sands of dollars they did -not spend..
am sure that if similar, pleas.were Made
by executive-.branch or-corporation op--.
-dais, they would he met with. derision. :-..,
There can be so double itandt.rd when
it comes to ethics.. An _individual should-
receive . no special __consideration . just
-because he is-in Congress 'rather. than in
? the executive branch, Or just because he-,
Is in one party -rather-than the other,' or
just because he is powerful or. well-liked
by his- colleagues:" _
' I was a freshman Member of the House _
when we created the --Committee- on _ -
Standards of OfficiarConduct. There
were high hopes then and a great -deal -
of rhetoric to the effect that that cora- ?
rnittee and its Senate counterpart-would
insure a high- standard of ? ethical be., -
havior in Congress and prevent the kinds '
. of abuse-so evident in the Bobby Baker -
and Adam Clayton Powell affairs
:-
Today these committeeS are generally-, -
_ viewed as do-nothing, :flaccid commit-
tees. I hope. this situation win be rectified-
for the good of Congress and the good of
the country.--We have the machiner7 40:. -
make the investigations that are needed. "
We have the laws we need. Congress -
should use the machinery ? to enforce the ?
laws that we have written.', - ?
I believe that whenever there- are-ii-
rious and well-founded/allegations of.
misconduct by Members of Congress, the
- House and ? Senate- ethics); committees --
should immediately undertake investiga-
tions on their own initiative. The honest -._
should be exonerated: the guilty should
be punished. That is only- fair for Con-
- gross as an institution-:and.lor those -
Members who. are-accused. -,2;,:i?-r ?
President, I lield-.--back the re---
mainder of my thee. ? ?
?.
ORDER. VITIATING ?---ORDERS FOR
RECOGNITION OF SENATOR ME'V.
? CALF AND SENATOR HRUSKA
Mr. ROBERT O.:BYRD. . Mr. Presi-
dent, I ask unanimous consent, that. theT__
orders for the.- recognition of Mr. -
Myren.? and' Mr.- Mum& be vitiated. ??
The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem-
pore:- Without objection, . It is .eo or-
dered.
. ? -
/-
EXTENSION
gislative .CounSe
TO: (Officer designation, room number, and
buibling)
RECEIVED7':
FORWARDED
OFFICER'S
INMALS
COMMENTS (Number each comment :.to show from whoinv
to whom. . Draw a line across calumn-aker each comment.):
For your information,
attaching a. page from the _4 June -
Congressional Record containing
remarks by Senator Morgan on the
new Senate Select Committee
Intelligence, cf which heiis
member.
org . ry
Legislative Counse
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SECRET 0 CONFIDENTIAL 0 luNsTEERM-y UNCUSSIFIED