(UNTITLED)

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP79B01737A000900010011-3
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 21
• Document Creation Date: December 9, 2016
• Document Release Date: October 18, 2000
• Sequence Number: 11
• Content Type: MISC

Approved For Release 2001/03/04: CIA-RDP79BO1737A000900010011-3
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Approved For Release 2001/03/04: CIA-RDP79BO1737A000900010011-3
 114
Approved For Release 2001/03/04: CIA-RDP79BO1737A000900010011-3
FLIER (TOPS 73)
CHAMPAIGN$ ILL.! (AP)--A CIVIL DEFENSE EXERCISE INVOLVING THE AIR
FORCE AND ILLINOIS STATE POLICE GAVE RISE TO FALSE REPORTS TODAY THAT A
ASSIAN FLIER HAD LANDED IN CENTRAL ILLINOIS IN A MIG.
THE REPORT CARRIED OVER A NATIONAL TELEVISION NETWORK AND BROADCAST
OVER A CHAMPAIGN RADIO STATION., BROUGHT A FLOOD OF INQUIRIES FROM NEWS-
PIPERS IN SEVERAL PARTS OF THE NATION.
THE WORD SPREAD QUICKLY THROUGHOUT.. CHAMPAIGN-URBANA AND THE COURT-
HDUSE BUZZED WITH RUMORS.
THE FLIER ACTUALLY WA$ A MEMBER OF THE AIR FORCE INTELLIGENCE SERVICE
SQUADRON AT O'HARE FIELD NEAR CHICAGO WHO WAS FLOWN TO CHANUTE FIELD AT
RANTOUL ILL. MONDAY NIGHT.
IT WAS AN XERCISE TO TEST COORDINATION BETWEEN THE AIR FORCE AND
STATE POLICE*
CHANUTE PERSONNEL TRANSPORTED HIM BY CAR TO A QUARTER OF A MILE FROM
THE STATE POLICE HEADQUARTERS AT URBANA., ILL., WHERE, AS PREARRANGED=
E "SURRENDERED."
"JA 120P 9/22.-
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 1C HA d RRe si'I2ODA/dJ/t4} CIA-RDP79BO1737A000900010011-3
~~~'~~g~.'.
THE FLIER WAS BARBED IN AN OLD TYPE FUR FELT OFFICERS CAP a AI R
HE WORE AN
FORCE JUMP BOOTS AND WINTER TYPE COVERALL.
INSIGNIA BEARING A HAMMER AAND ICKNEAIRDD CARRIED EXA ERCIS BITTEN CARD
READING : I AM A PART IC IP UP IN AIGN
SOMEONE GOT PANICY WINDTHEOFCTHtHAMPUNUSUAL
COUNTY RAIE. REPPORT
0NER BUT FiCIALS REFUSED AT FIRST TO TALK FREELY BECAUSE
tRI5
'ECURIT REASONS v
DEPUTY SHERIFF ROBERT MARTIN OFWASCHAMPAIGN CO UNIN THE LDJAIWSMEN A MAN
CUSTODY .
%0 CLAIMED TO BE "A RUSSIAN FLIER
STATE POLICE HEADQUARTEIN SPRINGFIELD SAID THE MAN WAS CARRYING
IDENTIFICATION AS A RUSSIAN
CAPT. ROBERT'J TRIMBLE PROVOST MARSHAL AT NEARBY CHANUTE FIELD
HURRIED TO THE JAIL TO T ALA TO THE MAN.
FORCEINCIDENT
THEN?TRIMBLE ANNOUNCED THAT HEHAIRWHOLE
INTELLIGENCErlUNITAATEO`HARE
BETWEEN THE STATE POLICE AND AS TO PRO FIELD. HE SAID CHANUTE~SN FROM THE FOLICEE T
FLIER WITH TRANSPORTATION STATION.
A SPOKESMAN FOR J. THE OFIO'HARELFIELDI~AS SAYINGATHEREXERCISECWAS
ING
GEED LT. FRANK J CUNNION I
ONE IN WHICH GROUND UND FORCE COR. WOULD INPTtIRNTWOULDNTAKE
D A STRANGE PLANE TO STATE
CRIER UNTIL RELIEVED BY AIR FORCE INTELLIGENCE.
THE O'HARE FLIER ADDED CUSTODIANS FI~IOA GUT'TERALNFOREIGNOTONGUETHE
HILT'-TALKING TO HIS JAIL
R2 253 P 9 - 22
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 SEVE1I
4 ZEMLY
ELLESiME
.is.
HANFORD
IAN FRANCISCO
(MULTIPLE~cORRID it .
IDENTIFICATION SYSTEM)
We now have radar on U.S. borders, in Alaska and in
Labrador, but Russian planes from bases shown at top
of map could attack by sea routes or through central
Canada (red-tinted area). Plans call for two more
radar nets-Alaska-Greenland, Alaska-Labrador-
with seaward flanks covered by airborne radar patrols
32 Co"1r:K3 - 1` Ocr'gS3,
CHICAGO
'OAK RIDGE
IMULYIIPLE CORRIDOR
,IDENTIFICATION SYSTEM)
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 Approved For Release 2001/03/04: CIA-RDP79BOl737A000900'001 1-3
r
By VIRGINIA and EDWIN G ILBE IT
Nancy Platt: she and Don were alone. She
~'as silting cross-legged on the livin
-
g
room
)r hsteninr* to the music from the record player
'lookrn sr rrding strennr, four morns, stone fire-
)on stirred on the couch and looked down at
She was a pretty girl, small-honed, with Iight
trot hair- Her eyes, gray and vivid, were set
J vart_ "f)oesn't that sound absolutely nifty?"
asked
Ahsolauefp," he said absently, and then he got
ind went t=i the window. "Well," he said, and
face took on a new animation, "look who's
{~ d and t Bess?" she asked, though she was
on of it ':'arcely a day passed without either
or sound of the .lohnsons. The quiet and
mmin{) n,.i i, ls. I-r'-rn the Russi:trf t?,i,e ,,.f
ie,crnava Zenily i mules, fro;-11 the
McC:atriey (left, with Maj. M. P. Alger) heads air defense of east centra L.S.,
ea e third nation's wealth, one fourth its people could be destroyed by nine II-rnoirtbs
?se even need 1-~vritaittcd to enter places I
admit I've seen. and have spoken to men
H.. , , what I found:
h ye a partial radar fence along the U.S.-
tr tin border, but its too wide-spaced, too
rt x :.and too close i honte-"a fence," said
?c grim v. with no wire strung between
t;;a:s sr on enough: onrushing bombers would
so,ite of their targets almost as fast as the
rl their approach. At best, the inhabit-
I'll ortr large Northern cities might have barely
3n-i :o run for the cellar-and the cellar is no de-
rn_, Rig, iinst the H-bomb.
- tine is being pushed and test stations are
istructed in the Far North; if the first units
prohably will have a warning net from
7vr1 sts from tour to sits hours' warning of any
ii1c iater----1"m not permitted to say when
_rmds on the vagaries of arctic weather, the
heint; built in the arctic. It will confirm
action Depends on the Weather
!,-,icaf concepts of our new Joint Chiefs of
e-::1. 3u eh to make the difference between the
and the utter destruction of our country
for power. The two early-warning lines
tar less expensive than has been widely re-
.n , i , 'sewherc-less than a billion and a half dol-
tr ,r.ipared with published estimates of between
=ta alai M) billions. 1'hts whole concept of effective
v ,inv at tow cost is made possible by two excit-
n_ fie.; devices, never before publicly disclosed:
tltiter capai>le of' overcoming the especially
now. our air-uei'ense planners intend to
a vitro radar fci;ces -weather, Congress
e fhe b ,; gap in our defenses once the ra.ir nets
are operating will be fighter planes, We h:i. ? inter-
ceptors in northeastern Canada and in Al ska; in
between ir1u on both flanks there are he tes the
Russians Louid drive a whole fleet of aerie; trucks
through.
Obviou,ly, radar nets and fighter pr, tection
alike require the same friendly and Vigor,us co-
operation from Canada that the United Sr. tes has
always iece ved in the past. Bit Can :., -al-
though i', dilemma today is much like t- it of a
person nndcu;led to a man who has been uhiicly
threatenc:.i with assassination--has reason o look
searching y at any proposals for joint acf on put
forward the United Stares. Our past rel. +rd has
not been amtirely consistent-and a Caniaa.iin offi-
cer I spar c to indicated why.
"Loom Mere," he said, "I believe we'd bt: glad to
let you ht ild a couple of bases in the port central
tundra-- nut would you man then and k,. p them
manned even after a change in political adr inktra-
tions? V ouid you send in enough streng, ro keep
the Ri.is,uans from paratrooping in one ay and
using the,, fields as bases against both of r coun-
tries?
"We c:,n't afford to build or man them Tf you
can, hnc ?-but stack to your promises!"
tine ct all the experts agree on: se neihing
must he gone to strengthen our northern air de-
ferse sv-:eta before Russia has an H-hi ab pro-
duction tine. If Soviet bomber could ciw their
way thra'ugh to our East Coast and ei tp only
nine hvi_iros;en bombs in a line from h ~ston to
Washington, they could blast out of e>ufence a
strip it,r miles wide and 450 miles long -it strip
containing one fourth the naion's pa iu ation
and one hird of its wealth.
The nerve center of our aerial defense eoday is
in Colorado Springs, a quiet, year-rou I resort
town le,, than five minutes from Denv. by jet
plane. i here, in a modern four-story ofli e Piuild-
ing sur;autnded by it high wire fence ana heavily
guarder; n-,. sentries, Brigadier General K. trteth P.
Bergqui,i., deputy chief of staff for opc,- tions of
the Air 1)eense Command, stood with ne at a
globe arrd detailed the story of what v~ are up
against.
"Far ;~g its across the polar flu.s is a c, 'cent of
Russian and Siberian air bases," he ,.aid -sturing.
"If you Glace a bit of string on the globe: strtrting
at the iore of the Murmansk Peninsul . it will
curve ;ca the arctic by the shortest cute to
Islands straieht across the pole, 4,500 mules. troui:
Wrangel Island and various parints along Me be'
mg Strait or the (:'hukotski Peninsula, 4,? uu to
4501) miles. From the very positions of the ,,e air
h, n;e
iitiizn not get home, out it would scaiccit r i:icr
a . ^ a to the pilots. they Could crash land or ij.aw
out and permit themselves to tie taicen prisoorner ---
,,Qcire in the knowledge that if a surprise atuteh.
irr1 off as tllaint~!d, th< i.ifaed a, arc v. ,~,ti. , ,.
~f he war almost beioie is started. A
.:,,r
lot one-way knockout raid, sacrificing perhaps rile
majority of 400 or 500 planes, could kill as mans
~,i'T0000 Americans and destroy the I..I.S,~..~
,.d,trld power.
Kaissaai
iscsides the Type 3 i ititd tn,, I L-:, the
have developed a light, fast bomber like the B
we recently announced. It could carry an atomic
or thermonuclear (hydrogen) bonih, but hrr itse't
it could never fly the 4,000 mules or so I-roni Ru's-
efia to the nearest important Anieric,ir target.. Does
that mean we're ignoring it as a possible partLcipank
in a surprise attack? Not by it long shot.
Comment on tht, New Reel Plane
In an Air Force installation, I stood talking to it
top scientist and a uniformed Air Forae oflic:ea-
about the new Red plane. "The Russkies could dal
this," said the scientist. "They could pt.it a hid,
TU-4 into the air, then send up two of the nc4e
light jet bombers to join it. The two jets could
hook onto the 11J-4's wing tips, tilting their oven
wings to maintain the best possible flight charac-
teristics, then cut their own fuel-swilling engine:
and hitchhike almost all the way to the, target .?n:
the TU-4's power plant
I expressed astonishment,and the Air Force offi
cer objected. "In bad weather," he said, ";all three
of 'cm would crash."
"Ah," said the scientist, "but the Russian, wou'
never launch the attack in bad weather in the tirt
place. And if the three planes ran into squills cr
route, they could simply unhook, make their 3e :t'~
through the front: separately, then reunite on ih,.
other side. A radar operator trying to track tl1~-,r
would go crazy. What had lookwd like 1,10c 111k
slow TU-4 would suddenly become one hU-a--
aitd two very fast jet bombers, breaking away IT
different directions for their own targets,."
We stood silent a moment, then the scientis
grinned. "I got the Order elf the Heroes of the
Soviet Union for that one," he said. 'T'hen he err
lained: to test defense theories, he and his col
leagues try to foresee the most outlandish schema
the Russians might come up with, for particulari
nasty ideas, they "decorate" one another..
Virtually all the air-defense people I question4ri
about potential Soviet weapons discount the p ?s
sihle use of intercontinental missiles--lon,-range
atomic versions of the German V-._' Among odic
reasons, they doubt that materials exist to butl_?
such missiles, at least for another 10 to 12 ye ar,
They are working on countcrme:isu?es lust to
safe, but they feel certain that when and if tat
H-bomb is delivered, it will be car:-ied bti airc.r,a?
known to us in fact or principle---planes we c_.i
destroy, provided we have early enough warnirt..:
and sufficient defense forces. If Russia were t
for October lib, 1'i9+ k
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 Approved For Release 2001/03/04: CIA-RDP79BO173 000900010011-3
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 Approved For Release 2001/03/04: CIA-RDP79BO1737AO00900010011-3
basic carrier of atomic weapons is the TU-4, patterned on our B-29. From Arctic
iha'ses, is could fly one-way to any target in the U.S. outside Florida, with fuel it, spare
Yeti,- Tai.an for defense against TU-4 is to make a long-distance fighter-interceptor of fast
rte 41- 07. It has enough range to fly far into Canada, enough speed to bedazzle Red soniber
morrow, what defenses do we have-right
now P
ae an excellent civil and military com-
a like organization in Canada)-but it's
,t: ;t (hound Observer Corps (ably sup-
issiies battations-but again, there aren't
excellent fighter-interceptors-but not
tin-, On IC ;" in. abOUt lhi) mites into
itinuous tracking of an invader.
rated r.!Jar stations around the U.S., not
our northern border, but on the coasts
-triad c nters to give sufficient warning.
ire are too tt~.v of them. and they are
We hive adeitional so-called islands t radar
coverage deep inside the U.S., around su. i prime
target areas as Los Alamos, Oak Ridge ~ d Han-
ford.
We have a couple of Navy radar picks ships-
still e,,pcrimental and limited in range.
We have an adjunct to our derense sy cm, set
up in recent months and called -1 OMCIS lest of
M ultipic Corridor Identification System t L nder
TOMCIS. the pilot of each incoming inte rational
airliner gxis secret orders at his last poi of call
before heading for the U.S. I-he order- require
him to by a special pattern, always dirty rent, as
he appro aches this country. He must kek to that
course. it our radar picks up a plane at t wrong
place or- time, an interceptor goes up to ooK the
stranger ?.wer--and to shoot him down, it iced be,
over the sate, tar reaches of the sea. \*nen the
system vst started there were about 20ff itcrcep-
tions or wandering airliners a month. caw that
most c nmercial pilots are getting use to the
method. he fi_ure is down to about 30 a tooth-
but that still too many.
There s the picture of our air defense as they
stand toeav--- reakv, insufficient, agape w h holes.
Moreover, there are weak spots which ont ap-
pear on he surface. Ciur radar net. thin ; ii is. is
rarely i i full operation at all points, a; sough it
tries tC Keep a "?4-hour watch on our rwr tiers.
its ealtiprnent is delicate and conpirc.tted
and at any given moment some components are.
out of action for r iaintenance or repair: neighbor
installations have to try to cover the, gap..
I here's a human probietn, too-..trio': iL has loc_.esOtte of the biggest laws to the system.
R.sdar has to he watched, and watchers w rov,
weary and confused--weary in monotonous arsa,
like the Far North, where one blip on a radarscop,L
,, considered heavy tratlic, confused in bus} area-
`?;e the northeastern United States, where there
,oaten too much happening for a single brain to fig
"re it out.
I saw it work both ways.
At the Alaskan lighter-interceptor outpost when.
i observed the Russian reconnaissance-plane chase
I spent some time in the radome, standing behind
it young officer hunched over a tadarseope. N.
,,.as watching the progress of a blip already icienti
lied as the plane of a low-living bush pilot. T-L-ge 0tti
o:ct; kept passing a hand over his eves. `'Vratchtn
i?o;se tl;imn scopes gets vour eyes after itiroutt Jt~
01ntttes, he told rte. `iou lose your acuity. h
ooicd weary, and welcomed another officer s oiler
to spell him.
w w-renee of Hadar Control Operation
Now look tn.. a', I did on a typical iii-cram.
:..ail .ant: warninr; radar noo in trio (I S. tmc'tr+es
tr was a dimly iigh~:cobtisv puce--an i mphr-
rihc:afer of radarscopes. with the center of the sack.
occupied by a ;,it? vertical, transparent i'ie\icia;
:iiap, or plotting board Behind the hoard stool.:!
ua; airmen and a WAF wearing earphones. 1
information poured in on the various scopes jr;
front--some set for It) miles, others for as mucl-i
as 150 mites-it was tetcohoned to the three trios
tern. They lettered the information on the boar,
itt reverse, so that it could he read irons the other
side by the scope watchers in the front of the
theater.
The mood of the rc)o ii :vas tense. the netr at tl, .
radarscopes Kept :,taring up at the itig boara.i. ther
foreheads wrinkled, their lips tight. ("This." sail
a stocky little scientist standing near me, is man s
new attitude--to look toward heaven. his ever
ciouded with doubt and fear.') There was reason
for the tension.
Suppose a bitp appears in one pos:itton on as
radarscope---and information then comes in trour,
another station indicatin : another plane in the same
3r"ea.
Are there actually two planes, or just one.' The
difference in the angle of vision of the two scar:,
niny stations, perhaps 50 miles apart, soul,...
ivc- the misleading impression that (here are iw a
es when actually there s oniv one. but inn
her has to he sure. And the only way to bt
sure is to do a fairly complicated calculation. Noa,t
multiply that situation by the 30 or more track,
on the big Plexiglas board, and imagine the po,
sible contusion.
Scores of time-consuming, brain-wearying mt-e
tiple calculations beset our large aircraft an :
evhati;
warning radar stations every day. Mentai
ion is a constant hazard. When it evertaKes our
watchers ...
that is the moment when time--and the Sovie
--could overtake us.
for more than three years, from late i94ta i..
tnid-1950. a most nothing was done to inmpro,-
our coniinentai defenses. ''s e used in a stmt 11
ud r.x+
heedless eompiacency, convinced that a
defensive system would serve the purpose- i her
carte Korea-and the nation awoke to the cinuiir:;
tact that it takes guns to stop aggression. litre tiorr,
our vulnerable border with Canada there '?aere rr.
guns, nor even warning devices to set oil the aiar~,
in case of attack.
Our military men, given a go-ahe?a.d at [art. 10
gan to seek out a method of getting; the artist Pia
tection in the quickest time and at the sntaiie?:
cost.
I hey came up with two alternative;.
first, we could strentaheit and extent our t
ictuller i b. i ~.b a
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 M
A BLEND
OIS A1NE. SELECTED WHISKIES
~RMVSON OF -EDV.NwOANO00 DE MENi
THIS WHISKY IS SIX YEARS OLD
' SEP BLENDED ANO BOE O.O e+ TE0
~4~y wtwala GRAM OSNNS y DIY
86.8 PROOF ..
Known by the Company it Keeps
carams
CANADIAN WHISKY-A BLEND .. . OF RARE SELECTED WHISKIES ? THIS WHISKY IS SIX YEARS OLD
86.8 PROOF. SEAGRAM-DISTILLERS CORPORATION, NEW YORK, N. Y.
x000900010011-3
Approved For Release 2001/03/04: CIA-RDP79BO1737A000900010011-3
 Approved For Release 2001/03/04: CIA-RDP79BO1737A000900010011-3
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interized no u-
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se all Genuine Ford Parts are fully tested,
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n you get ready for winter-protect your
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And both contain a rust inhi roitor.
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 Approved For Release 2001/03/04: CIA-RDP79BO1737A000900010011-3
Radar far from home
der radar to provide continuous tracking of any
attacking bombers as they approached the conti-
nental United States; our fighter-interceptors and
antiaircraft would then know the precise location
and direction of enemy bombers, once the radar
had picked them up. That would give a certain de-
gree of protection, but not much warning in terms
of time.
Or second, we could set up a new radar-alarm
system, constructed far enough from United States
borders (and targets) to give us the earliest possi-
ble notice that an attack was on the way. That
wouldn't offer the same opportunity to pinpoint
the location of an enemy bomber as he headed
south-but it would mean a quick, timely warn-
ing, which might be the best protection in the long
run.
Effectiveness of Radar Shown
Then the planners thought: Why not have both?
Why not build gradually outward from our bor-
ders in advancing perimeters, and also establish a
warning fence in the Far North, the two radar
projects ultimately meeting in mid-Canada?
With strengthened border radar, we could in-
crease the effectiveness of our home defenses.
With the second step-known to military men as
a Distant Early Warning, or DEW, Line-we
could insure ourselves against another Pearl Har-
bor debacle.
We could get our strategic bombers-our coun-
terpunchers-into the air and safely dispersed,
that's the answer to Russia's Hell-bomb
ready to launch an attack as quickly as possible. We
could alert our civil-defense system, and give our-
selves time to take cover and time to prepare for a
fight-time to save the nation.
The amount of timme? With one hour's warning,
the Strategic Air Command could get no more
than 10 per cent of its bombers off the ground and
out of harm's way. Three hours would raise the
figure to 50 per cent. But a six-hour advance no-
tice would enable virtually all the SAC's planes to
disperse and launch a retaliatory strike. What's
more, given that much time our fighter planes
could rally to attack the intruders; the existence of
a Distant Early Warning Line could mean the de-
struction of as many as 90 per cent of attacking
enemy bombers before they could reach their tar-
gets---compared with the 30 per cent figure cited
in 1950 by General Hoyt S. Vandenberg, former
Air Force Chief of Staff.
But before the six-hour DEW Line could be
built, there were some problems to lick.
Obviously, no defensive system could operate at
top efficiency where so much depended on human
eyes and human brains working under severe
stress.
Also, a radar net in the Far North would cause a
major communications headache. The best radio
equipment then available was useless in the arctic
for about four months out of every year because of
polar magnetic storms; there had to be some way to
get word from the northern DEW Line to the con-
trol centers in the United States. Finally, costs had
to be held to a minimum.
The task of making the DEW Line a practical
project was assigned to the Air Research and De-
velopment Command, a three-ring circus of mili-
tary, scientific and industrial brains, directed by
Major General Donald L. Putt from an old office
building in downtown Baltimore.
In 1950, ARDC let contracts for various parts
of its research operation to the Rand Corporation,
Associated Universities, Inc., Massachusetts Insti-
tute of Technology, and various other colleges,
laboratories and scientific centers around the coun-
try. Their mission: "To perfect an automatic sys-
tem for the collection, reporting and display of
electronically digested intelligence (so it can) be
channeled instantly to appropriate control and
command centers where the early knowledge
could be used for effective defense and counter-
attack purposes."
"Automaticity" Latest Coined Word
The scientists coined a word for the solution to
most of these problems. "Automaticity," a top sci-
entist told me, "was the obvious answer. Man can
still make the final decisions, but he's just not
bright enough to compete with a machine, not
quick enough to reduce the mathematical prob-
lems of modern war to actions which have to be
taken at supersonic speeds. And even if man
could do the job," he added, "he lacks the stam-
ina to keep it up."
By last year, the scientists had come through
with two revolutionary devices whose develop-
One of our border rpdar stations. Search radar antenna is located under the dome at left, height-finder equipment on the tower at right
Collier's for October 16, 1953
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 Approved For Release 2001/03/04: CIA-RDP79BO1737A000900010011-3
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Approved For Release 2001/03/04: CIA-RDP79BO1737A000900010011-3
 Approved For Release 2001/03/04: CIA-RDP79BO1737A000900010011-3
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Approved For Release 2001/03/04: CIA-RDP79BO1737A000900010011-3
 Approved For Release 2001/03/04: CIA-RDP79BO1737A000900010011-3
Today a foe could fly safely almost ito our border
ment marked the technological "break-
through" the military men had hoped
for.
"First," an ARDC official in Balti-
more told me, "wc had to devise a
completely new method of sure arctic
communication by radio. Cable was
no good, because of shifting ice and
other terrain and weather consider-
ations--to say nothing of possible
sabotage. Second, we needed a warn-
ing device on the radar sets to relieve
men in arctic stations of the brain-
wearying job of staring endlessly at a
blank scope."
Security still envelops both of the
devices which solved these problems.
But this much can he said:
The new radio transmitter sends
messages well over 500 miles, and op-
erates even more efficiently in the
arctic than radio normally does in
temperate zones. Instead of being
knocked out of commission one third
of every year by magnetic storms, it
will get through 99 per cent of the
time, year-round. It requires only 40
kilowatts of power, easily produced by
Diesel generators. With the new trans-
mitter, our combat commands within
the United States will get radar intelli-
gence from the arcti:. within three min-
utes after it's picked up by our outposts.
The new self-alerting radar is, in
one respect at least. even more impor-
tant. In essence, it , a radar set with
a bell which rings whenever the scope
picks up it signal t that sounds simple,
but it took months of patieit research
to hook the visual radar to the audible
bell). Now the radar will not have to
be watched constantly. As a result,
there will be far less strain on the men
assigned to our radar outposts.
But the great significance of the new
radar device is that it will tiring about
a truly astonishing saving in man
power--10 men to ,,station, instead of
the 300 once anticipated, an over-all
reduction of perhaps 15,000 airmen
and many millions of dollars.
Today, with the last then-etical hur-
dles cleared, Western Electric has
started work, under a $20,000,000
contract, on a test leg of our arctic
DEW Line: a few ten-man radar sta-
tions extending eastward in a 180-mile
arc from Barter Island. off the north-
ern Alaskan coast. Eventually, the arc
will push farther and farther along the
72d parallel until it reaches Green-
land, 2.000 miles away.
A husky engineer who had just flown
back from the area told me: "We had
to take up e cry nail, board and wire.
every ounce if fuel and scrap of food,
from Seattle nd Portland, so we could
get the buil,ing done curing the short
arctic summ.:r.' A huge supply con-
voy. includ g everytl ing from Lib-
erty Ships .> LSTs, gassed through
Bering Str.: in Jule--undoubtedly
giving Russwn radar operators a nasty
few hours t' :(ore it turned away from
the Siberian, coast and headed north-
east toward 'oint Bartow.
In addition to the new manned ra-
dar stations, Western electric is con-
structing sc,. arai other stations which
comprise a new wonder weapon in
themselves: hey are unmanned, and
will do their eporting automatically.
These add.'.ional stations are needed
because the manned stations are to be
built about I')0 miles part, on an av-
erage-close enough so that their
search beam o`erlap, ,ut so far apart
that enem' bombers could sneak
through u't.- r the corverging beams,
or by duckrn ? behind mountain ranges
which are e"active hid ng places from
radar. The nnianned radar sets will
fill the gaps
Precisely hat will th,.- DEW Line do''
It will ,imply alert officials in the
United State to the presence of enemy
planes. It in't be a ale to pinpoint
their positic.r. it won't be able to sup-
ply much il ormation about them--
hut it will 1 ,,)vide this much vital in-
formation: warning that the planes
are coming and sol indication of
their numbe As one Bell Telephone
Laboratorie- engineer is said to have
put it: "Yc 'II know the planes are
there--one, vo, many ... or jeepers
creepers!"
When fin hod, the arctic DEW Line
will consist cf a string of manned sta-
tions, complete with arctic gap fillers
and an all-s:~,,son cornriunications sys-
tem to the interior of the United
States.
"But," sa,I another holder of the
Order of the Heroes of the Soviet Un-
ion, "what ( the arctic. DEW Line is
penetrated'' -it best, we can track an
intruder 80 -~- 100 miles---the range of
our radar---then we lose him in the wil-
derness. W,.hington and Ottawa will
know only ''gat somecne has crossed
the arctic he ded south, probably with
evil intent. e he'd have filed a flight
plan and carne in like anyone else in-
stead of ski Ling through. Once he's
well past our norrfie-n ra,lar ^t=, ,r,
no one will have any idea when:
or where he's going ,-until he s hrearf- rng
down cur necks.
"And that's wh} we've suggestci the
construction of a second DEW ne,
down around the 6:ith parallel, or tout
500 milers south of tae first one.-'
In Baltimore, a general also spo to
me about the radar fence the ex. are already calling DEW Line If "It
would begin to give is something r illy
good in early warning," he saki _ar-
nestly. "We could plot the cour of
an intruder crossing tied litres. Iliat
would prove de.finiti ly that he was. r ar-
gerous- -and, more i naport:unt. it reu ,ld
give us his course, so we could pr y rare
our combat defenses."
DEW Line 11, lower down or the
e!(panding face of the glohe. woul quire more stations, running 'otrr
Alaska across Hudson Bas; to L)rts-
dor.
Resides the two DEW Lens
early warning system undoubredr 4ili
be extended over our exposed il
flanks, using radar-equrl:sped rcr
Constellations---covering In e At, H.
the Pacific from Alaska to H.
Without this flank protti::ction. f ,r
whole air-defense svsrern woull: i-c
wide open to end runs, nrak,rr, r.tue
DEW Lines virtually useless.
Finally, U.S. military expert- .ire
hoping to improve radar (lei rl,ll
within the United States- arount ncc
borders and around large cities nd
vital dekensc instiilarions. Tht:yG_ ,o-
called radar islands are already _w-
istence, but they suffer from the,, t.r;al
radar shortcoming: there are p- _,n-
tially dangerous gaps under their h r m,
and behind mountains and other ter-
rain features. Now scientists, we*: ng
closely with the Air Force. have 6c-
g,ested plugging the holes with r,,ll
unmanned gap fillers, perhaps s or
ten to every large radar.
But increasing the number of i,ir-
installations creatil new prohlc:n,,
member the aircraft control and
ing radar station in t;ie United S .re,.,
and the strained faces of the watt 1 rs
trying to keep track of dozens o! lar
reports at once? What will happ. r to
those men if the number of rat-l., re-
ports is greatly increased- if. in r_ a4f
of having to make sense of nruftip~ n~-
ports from only tine big radar,., pe
they're forced to keep track of cit; or
ten more besides?
Once more science came the ugia
Curvature of earth causes holes in radar defense- under overlapping beams, making it possible for attack n!
planes to slip past undetected. Solution is to put automatic radar gap-filler, between manned station,
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 Approved For Release 2001/03/04: Cl
One irreplaceable
part holds the secret
of better television
Even if you are an electronic engineer, you may find it diffi-
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You'll find a Zenith crest like the one in the picture on every
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gem
9
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Number changes automatically as you switch stations.
In addition Zenith's "Lazy Bones" Remote Control
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Approved For Release 2001/03/04: CIA-RDP79BO1737A000900010011-3
 Approved For Release 2001/03/04: (CIA-RDP79BO1737A000900010011-3
isn't this just the ticket for a happy
v"'rldirlg' Going Pullman-you end up the
ltegiu It. a business-like hour in
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it easy
GO PULLMAN
COMFORTABLE, CONVENIENT AND SAFE
Enjoy the Rail-Auto Travel Plan.
Your Ticket Agent will gladly
make arrangements.
Can't our radar be attcw ked?
with a briilian .oiution: an adaptation
of the high-so.~ d ciectro tic computer,
the ultimate in automaticity.
Not only ' i, the new computer eval-
uate any nuns ,er of rad it reports-It
alsl will take ito consic oration every
other possible pertinent tact: ground-
observer reps, is. the Heather, flight
plans and so . n. No longer will men
and women h;i e to scrawl radar tracks
painstakingly ( and bL ckward) on
transparent t ards. No longer ill
the watchers riit their brows over the
results.
Here's what
At any on?
comh:-tt ceme
ciaiists will sip
radar consul:
rows of butt
w+t cher can I,
oration he w i
he has an act',
radar picture
the i,,lentific.
screen, while
computer 0,
out he my
speed, posit
and the like
cation officer
the compute
and military
ground obsc
everything
make a pr(,-,r
tion: it has
for such nla,
supply them
If the blip,
fication ot!
will happen instead:
of the Air Force's big
t team if officer see-
n tront of big individual
each equipped with
,is and switches so the
up prec scly the intor-
When it tracker thinks
J intruder he'll buck the
along to
on officer's
ie electronic
'11" fi,>ul es
cry plan-,'s
it, heading
the ident:fi-
will call on
fur civil an
flight plats,
I, er reports,
needs to
identifi -,a-
iHemoi y?
ors and will
n request
,n the ideiiti-
.'er's ra,lar
screen rema s a mystery,
he swiftly p ses the pic-
ture to the erl s, the sector
commander probably a
brigadier -,. feral), who
sits with the weapons as-
signer. They tudy the blip
ties everyilitng else togetiae; and l+?it %A, 0
Uui Or ital Component
ing. 11 ".Lining of irilpendrri.._ ,ttt~t. t
.ril very well.--but it doesrlt pr:,
pic,tcCtio,r. That i, the rc t't
iiihicr a rcrait, gu,ded n tssiles
aotiaircrai.t gurus.
A Ri..ssian bomber which
preached the United Si rte, thr 1
central Canada today, of eii the
or West Coasts, would not only *.'
d.er.ected until it was alnxist at.
borders---it would o unattsicic.:S
weft. Even if the tw , DEW 1 inc~
already in operation, there w01.
be a tighter plane for mile; ?ir i,t
until the enemy was virtu:lty
striking i.istance of U:uIed States
iitc ry.
We have fighter-intercepter
"It's just about time you
turned over all old ]leaf.'"
COLLIER'S i;HARLES SKill
then do 1 e lob that no machine,
hr>wever eili- ens, can tlo: exercise in-
teliaent i uei I": tent.
1 he weap. ns assign( r transfers the
still- inidentii cd picture quickly to the
irll:erceptor o:ieer, who is in touch with
it nearby an base. He then orders a
scramble.
A'. the sir: pie jet takes off to inves-
tigat;_~, the it, erceptor )!beer tells the
pilot where if -'It find the intruder, read-
ing oft information supplied by the
computer (if the not too distant future,
the compute will be at:le to pass its in-
formation .t ectiy to the pilot; he will
,cad the course. altitude and position of
the ~.tranger rom dials in his cockpit) .
Antiail-, raft Is M Ede Ready
Meanwh i the weapons assigner
has flipped second ';witch, and the
slip appear, bctore still another man,
the antiaircr it liaison officer, who sits
ready to brig g into pia; all the antiair-
craft guns t: d rockets n the area if the
interceptor [tacks and misses, or is
=hot down.
From th,. time an enemy plane is
first sighted m the radarscopes to the
nioment it'; >rvught u ider fire. only it
sew minute- n.;ve elapsed--and in tite
bustling con hat center,, the officers oil
whom the i ,titan's very existence may
depend arc sill fresh and clear-eyed,
ready fora thing.
i,i a vet :Lai sells[, the new eiec-
Ionic conii: ter is the key to the whole
nary-warn!, ,etup-the device that
eastern Canada, mainly u l-.u?
and in toe west in Alaska, in hC v...:..:
Ll.erl s ?t deep pu,nL1 ant L i
at the heart Of Our nation
there?
l'arth for the same reason w,..
nave a .ompiete radar-av:;r~titit ,
today--- because of the yc .rs ht::
M,`orid War it ant Korea ni wh,~,
did iittie or nothang to prepji,,
.continental defenses.
Whether we will be able to r*.
doficien,.:y in our tighter delen.
ponds largely on whether the i' ,'wr
are made available in time---i ";t...
in turn, depends on budget fait ndl
policy considerations
ilea wciil,, Air Foi
making additionau plans. 4) is
tr'nn ut-der consideration is th
develop heavy palro1 ngnller
modify some of a,,ur new f3-57,,
terned after the British: C r
fighter bomber-and set tiieiil
ling in overlappin_ arcs acres, tai. der. They would have enough r r 1 .r .e
fly deep into Canacra ah+_Aut a I -r i
DLW Line 11-and enou;;h spa" I i,,
make them a rein thra:ai- iu tirL -'l .1
tively low-11ying TL1-1. whr,,t, I,ii
probao y be Russia's p. ins 1>.,l
ciistanc.; bomber for stint:- 1
collie.
These: multiengir e let n;_litc Ins
harass enemy bombers alt thr
south. calling for help en roui4
short-r;tnge mterLC )tcIS.
I'he .:xpeiis are also cc~ui111n
other development to hip Lull.
'.',rMier'R fur Octoo- r L(
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 Approved=-For Release 2001/03/0
but that's all the alarm we'll need
enemy squadrons: air-to-air rockets,
launched by radar-electronic fire-con-
trol systems which would provide a pat-
tern almost impossible to evade. They
may eventually be armed with atomic
warheads, and they certainly will have
proximity fuses which will cause them
to explode at precisely the right mo-
mcnt. Security won't permit any fur-
ther description of these missiles, but
their possibilities are obvious.
Something must be done, and our
officials are well aware of it. Warning
is no good without protection. Their
aim is to have the protection ready-
in some form-by the time our DEW
Lines go into operation.
What will it all cost? Manned radar,
gap fillers, long-distance radios, self-
reading radarscopes, complicated elec-
tronic gadgets . . . won't they be
tremendously expensive?
Here are the figures, as nearly ac-
curate as they can be right now-the
first realistic estimates ever published
of the expected hardware price of our
planned radar-warning system (not in-
cluding maintenance or operating
costs) :
For DEW Line I: $45,000,000.
For the longer DEW Line II: $75,-
000,000.
For extending our sea-approach
warning line: $450,000,000.
For strengthening our border radar:
$15,000,000.
For several hundred gap fillers: $60,-
000,000.
For 30 electronic computers: $180,-
000,000: for phone lines, office equip-
ment, buildings, etc.: $500,000,000.
The total: $1,325,000,000.
In addition. some $518,000,000 al-
ready has been spent on the present
radar-warning system. It must be em-
phasized that the grand total of $1,-
843,000,000 in money spent or to be
spent buys the U.S. vitally needed
warning and combat tracking ability,
but no defensive weapons to do the
fighting.
The one and one-third billion dollars
still to be spent is a lot of money. But
it's not 150 billion dollars, the figure
that some people have reckoned as
the cost of radar warning. And it's
insignificant when matched against the
total defense budget for 1953-'54 of
$34,372,000,000.
Most important, the money, in the
estimate of our top scientists and mili-
tary planners, might pay for the sur-
vival of the nation at a moment when
nothing else is available. Although
these vitally needed funds are not yet in
the budget, we can't afford not to spend
the money.
Won't the whole early warning sys-
tem be vulnerable to enemy attack?
That's one of the points raised by critics
of the plan, both within and outside the
Air Force. One man told me, "The So-
viet would probably try a three-phase
attack: First, bomb out our radar in-
telligence; second, shatter our strategic
bombing bases, both at home and
abroad; third, use the H-bomb or
atomic bombs on a dozen major cities,
atomic plants and industries, then pro-
ceed to demolish what's left in leisurely
and economical fashion.
"Where would the DEW Lines be
then ... ?"
One of the greatest brains in arctic
radio communications, to whom I re-
ported this criticism, replied sharply:
"The day the Russians attack DEW,
either by air or ground, that in itself
will be actual war. The price for this
advance warning is small compared
with what that warning can save us.
"These DEW stations are not for-
tresses! You could call them electronic
versions of the old cavalry vedettes, the
advance guards whose one job was to
warn the main body. Sure, they might
be lost in the early skirmishes-which
is another good reason for keeping the
number of men in each station to an
operational minimum. Every one of
those men deserves the highest-" he
stopped and angrily flipped away his
cigarette. "Well, what more do you
expect to buy in a world like this? We'll
warn you--hut we can't guarantee you
security, too!" A&A-A
"Well, now that it's completed, which
one of us gets to be the pilot?"
: CIA-RD F79BO1737A000900010011-3
Lions' offen-
sive output)
Presfolile hilevel
Battery
~eedswater
ORM 841/1/2718881881 R USE
...LASTS LONGER. TOO !"
Approved For Release 2001/03/04: CIA-RDP79BO1737A000900010011-3
Bobby Layne, outstand-
ing quarterback of the
World Champion De-
troit Lions, in the past
5 seasons has com-
pleted 614 passes for
a total of 8,753 yards.
The 2,410 yards he
gained passing and
running during the 1952
season represented
 Approved For Release 2001/03/04: CIA-RDP79BO1737A000900010011- ,
OXli-
had fi-ught her way atmost to freedom, but her last avenue of ese i fie had closed.
the finest than she had ever known %as ofl'erinr; her a way out- f shed take JLt
HE two stories began a long way anc ;t long time apart, and I was tht - , at both
_-irnings--at the end, too, altho.r_ii there never was any real re i t ior my
uiQsencc. So far as I was concernr d- one story began on a headquarr rs island
r r, Barstow and I came hack t.ogcthr.r from one of the lesser landings. end when
it, press headquarters on the island.. things had changcd. I he island ;s crawl-
u .vith enough brass to start a foundre; .,nd the brass had brought along !icir own
teat spare of correspondents re p!;-'ndent in new uniforms and wet,-,i ed down
A'tt :;ncicrtul insignia.
;vere the at cat- rcrresenting ~erything Crum fashion magazi _s to the
,ii,,_ i (11icrti' journal-and the Ihinker; vih a crpital 1. These were the _>-1) let tue
ia.r, .lia mould tell the admirals all about -1-ins and give ~,,enerals the very 1~ cst wot-d
r-iron tactics.
,lie fattest cat, with the greatest mount of inside dope. was Harr Thorne.
tatty who at in the front row al pies conterences and asked a; iontative.
tu~.ir ~rrn. Aithouih he'd never been rn ~rnc. ,onichow it was Harrv Nv told an
the most about mr,king press air_in-,cments for the next combat Iding. A
,ui:. mar, somewhat pud,v and equirpt.d with free heciing opinion ah, it everv-
tiir: h; t was H.u-1y: and a great Anieric n radio network thought he was ,nderful.
w li_ zvas none of my business. it first night hack on the islan~ (ieorL*e
liar tuw a id I looked in or a poker gamc n the correspondents- quarters: rd Harry
ti-etc too, winning ste.rdily and tossin_ t~~ent -dollar hills over his she dcr into
heap in a corner of the room. V.- watched the game a while heir George
~ar;ilcd ti. me,
c went down the hall, I heard Kirr,,'s voice. tihove the otacrs. "I ,tuit," he
yc,u guys arc no competition. 1.c; Wing a scne. i,et s sing abor Morgan
m- ilreh School. It's a great town, Ill r =.!n, and I can .ilwav?s co hack -icrc and
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loft tiio".Iu.
 NATIONAL AFFAIRS
BO 7AOOO9OOO1OO11-3
Air Defense: Not Perfect Now-And Never Can Be
Soviet Russia may not now be
capable of launching an atomic attack
against the United States, but it
soon will be.
How capable is the U.S.A. of pro-
tecting itself against such an attack?
Is the U.S.A. spending enough on
continental defense?
Should it spend more?
Here are the facts:
Let's take a look into the future, as
Pentagon planners must, 24 hours a day,
every day.
For 35 years and more, clenched fists
upraised, Communists around the world
have sung of the day when "the Interna-
tional Soviet shall be the human race. "
Now, the men in the Kremlin, cold, cal-
culating men, yet fanatics for all of that,
have reached a fateful decision-to make
those words come true. Without a word
of warning, without a declaration of war,
perhaps even as the Soviet Ambassador
in Washington still is protesting his gov-
ernment's desire for peace, hundreds of
Red Air Force bombers roar into the
skies from a score of airfields. Some
are carrying A-bombs, some H-bombs,
for, by then, Soviet Russia has a stock-
pile of both.
Target: U.S.A.
The Red Air Force will not catch the
U.S.A. asleep as the Japanese did on
Dec. 7, 1941. Pearl Harbor will not be
repeated on a bigger, more dis-
astrous scale.
From Southern California up the
West Coast, all along the Canadian
border, and from Maine down the
East Coast about to Cape Hatteras,
the U.S.A. now has a solid belt of
GCI (Ground Control Intercept)
radar installations, a belt of varying
thickness, which dips deep into the
highly industrialized Middle Atlan-
tic States and goes out 150 miles to
sea. In addition, special areas have
special protection-for example, all
Strategic Air Command bases, all
atomic installations, and several.
large centers of population outside
the GCI belt.
There are radar installations
throughout Alaska, Newfoundland,
and Greenland, and Canada has
them, too.
Men at Alert: This warning
network is manned every minute of
the day, every day in the year. It's
not as complete as both military
and civilian-defense officials-and
especially the latter-think neces-
sary. Nor does it reach out as far
from the borders of the U.S.A. as
they both think desirable. Never-
theless, even today, the men on
November 2, 1953
duty at the installations would know that
unidentified planes were approaching
while they were still out at sea. And they
instantly would set the machinery in mo-
tion to determine whether the planes
were friendly-or Red Air Force bombers
thundering in for the kill.
For the radar installations are only a
part of a huge complex defending the
continental U.S.A., an organization with
70,000 officers, enlisted men, and civil-
ians, the Air Defense Command." Head-
quarters are at Colorado Springs, Colo.
In charge is Gen. Benjamin Chidlaw.
The Air Defense Command is organ-
ized geographically. It divides first of all
into three air-defense forces-the Eastern
Air Defense Force, the Central Air De-
fense Force, and the Western Air De-
fense Force. Each of these is divided, in
turn, into air divisions; and each of the
air divisions, into direction centers.
Planes Always Warm: Scattered all
over the U.S.A. are squadrons of air-
defense interceptors-F-86-D's, F-94-C's,
and F-89's-constantly on the alert. A
typical setup will find one squadron (25
planes plus spares) on a field. Each field
has among its hangars one that is a spe-
cial "alert hangar." In this hangar, there
are always four aircraft on two- to five-
minute alert, and four pilots standing by,
in flying suits and Mae Wests.
The planes are always "warm." Special
mechanisms keep them at a temperature
they will find themselves in a tan-
gle of defending fighters. The third
world war will have begun.
No one who has studied the
continental-defense setup is wholly
satisfied with it. Every expert
agrees that it should be expanded.
The question is: How and how
much? This is where the experts
part company. And the greatest
disagreement is between civilian
and military defense officials.
Civil vs. Military: The civil-
ians want a radar system that will
spot approaching Red Air Force
planes as far out to sea as possible,
so that civilians can be warned
against them as early as possible
and have as much time as possible
to get under cover. The military say
that an early-warning system isn't
of much value unless they have a
complex of installations behind it
which can keep track of the planes
as they approach their targets. The
civilians want as complete a de-
fense against atomic attack as pos-
sible. The military insist that, after
a certain point, money spent on
defense is money that could better
Newsweek-Ed wergees be spent on counterattack-on de-
Control center: Reports come in, orders go out stroying the enemy's bases.
25
which permits instant starting. Other
mechanisms keep their guns at a temper-
ature which permits instant, proper firing.
And the guns are loaded.
Within five minutes at the most after
they receive an order to get going, the
pilots can have the planes in the air.
Right alongside these four planes and
four men are additional planes and men
(in teams of four or eight) on fifteen-
minute alert. And behind them are
additional groups, on one-hour or three-
hour alert.
"Bogey' to 'Scramble': Now let's
assume that a radar-set operator some-
where has spotted an unidentified plane
-a bogey-on his screen. Instantly, he
notifies the nearest direction center,
where the officer in charge instantly or-
ders the pilots on two- to five-minute
alert to "scramble." They jump into the
planes, snap on their parachutes, start up
their engines, taxi right out of the hangar
onto the field, and take off.
Let's assume that radarmen all over
the defense-force area have spotted
bogies. Within a few minutes, planes will
be taking off all over the area, reports
will be crackling into every air division,
and from the air divisions into air-division
control centers, into air-defense-force
headquarters and combat-operations cen-
ters, and into Colorado Springs.
If the bogies are finally identified as
friendly planes, well and good. If not,
Approve a rof Keiease zUU1!U !U4 : L IA-KUVIUbU1 1 31 AUUUUUUUIUU11-3
 NATIONAL AFFAIRS
For AFFAIRS
Far Rp-Iease 2001/03 - 11-3
WASHINGTON
Mr. Eisenhower's Dilemma
by Ernest K. Lindley
N THE special Congressional election torate. Further, while a President may
I in Wisconsin a Republican who dissociate himself from a few of his
promised to stand "four-square" with subordinates by remedial measures
President Eisenhower was roundly including replacement of those who
beaten. It does not follow that a- have become political liabilities, he
promise to oppose Mr. Eisenhower cannot escape responsibility for the
in,,,
will be politically rewarding.
The decline in approval
of the President shown by
the Gallup poll does not
necessarily portend a long
bear market in Eisenhower
stock. It may be no more
than a partial correction of
an abnormal situation. If 65
per cent still think that on
the whole he is doing a
good job, that is nearly
10 percentage points more
than voted for him in the landslide
of 1952 and more than Harding
received in the landslide of 1920 or
Roosevelt in 1936 when he carried
all but two states.
Mr. Eisenhower ran well ahead of
the Republican Party in 1952. With-
out his pulling power, the Republicans
probably would not have won even
the narrow majorities which enabled
them to organize both houses of Con-
gress. The gap between his popularity
and the Republican Party's is almost
certainly far wider today. His popu-
larity is personal and, to an exceptional
degree, apparently unrelated to any
particular policies. It reflects affection,
confidence in his integrity, and the
feeling that he graces the office of
Chief Executive. Beyond that, one
senses confidence in his judgment
about the overriding questions of
defense and foreign policy in a
dangerous world.
The President has helped to pre-
serve these attitudes toward him by
holding himself aloof from controversy.
It may be that this is what many
people want, especially after Presi-
dent Truman, who plunged the White
House into the middle of every fight,
partisan or personal, high or low, and
on his own initiative started a few
which served no good purpose.
Mr. Eisenhower is bound to be-
come more involved in controversy.
Decisions which were deferred pend-
ing study must be taken. Concrete
recommendations and actions will dis-
appoint various elements in the elec-
TIDES
In some of the contro-
versies in which the Presi-
dent is becoming involved,
however, there is a conflict
in interest between Repub-
licans who have to run in
1954 and those who can
afford to think of longer-
term results. High, rigid
price supports for farm
products are a case in point.
Dropping Agriculture Sec-
retary Benson would not solve the
problem of surpluses. Congress may
adopt farm legislation that is a far cry
from what he considers sound, but if it
reflects only the views of frantic farm-
belt politicians it is likely to spell
doom for the Republicans in 1956.
Mr. Eisenhower will be under
heavy pressure to put the 1954
elections ahead of all other-considera-
tions. But it is normal for the party
in power to lose ground in mid-term,
and the Republican margin of victory
in the 1952 Congressional elections
was very tenuous. Loss of control of
the House, or even of the Senate,
would not necessarily portend defeat
in 1956. The big Republican victory
in 1946 was followed by Mr. Truman's
N TILE present Congress, the Presi-
dent has to depend on coalitions
which vary with the particular
problem. He has suffered already
from efforts to appease elements in
his party which are opposed to some
of his basic objectives. These efforts
include appointments which seem
likely to plague him in the future.
By inclination he is one of the most
nonpartisan Presidents we have had
in modern times. His most important
objectives-those which led him to
run for President-are in a real sense
nonpartisan. If he subordinates these
to political expedients designed to
win the 1954 election, he will run
the risk of failing in 1956 and in
the verdict of history.
This is what the military believe should
he the U.S.A.'s goal:
-A belt of radar installations across
Canada, the so-called McGill line, that
would link up with the present CCI belt.
This would give American cities two
hours more warning at least, and it would
close up the holes between the present
Canadian radar system and the GCI belt.
-A link-up between the proposed McGill
line and the installations in Alaska.
-A. radar network across the Arctic.
-Flying radar patrols based on Hawaii
and the Azores.
-Sea patrols.
Construction of the McGill line prob-
ably will be the first of these projects
undertaken, for there already is close
cocperation in continental defense be-
tween the U.S.A. and Canada. (After
all, Montreal and Ottawa would be pretty
juicy targets for the Red Air Force, too.)
And the Air Force already has ordered a
number of aircraft equipped for radar?-
pat_ol work.
The Air Defense Command has asked
the Navy to organize sea patrols on
a .24-hour-a-day, every-day-in-the-year
bas::s, but the Navy is balking. The Navy
doesn't believe that a Red Air Force
attack is sufficiently imminent to justify
such a tremendous diversion of ships.
In the fiscal 1955 budget, the Air
Fore will get more interceptors for its
air defense force divisions. Arid the Army
will get a bigger appropriation for anti-
aircraft guns and guided missiles. The
expansion won't be very great, because
these electronics devices are not yet
sufficiently developed to justify any great
expenditure for them--at least, so the
military experts believe, though many
civilians, including many scientists, differ.
No Place to Hide: Even if every-
thing, the military is asking for should be
done, the U.S.A. will not be impregnable
to atomic attack. Nor would the even
more intricate defenses the civilians have
asked for make it impregnable. For this
is the chilling fact: In case of attack, no
matter how early the attacking Red Air
Ford bombers are detected, no matter
how many fighters are put into the air to
stop them, no matter how thickly our
cities- are defended with anti-aircraft
guns and guided missiles, some of the
Red bombers will reach their targets.
And even one bomber, reaching a target
like New York with one H-bomb, can
wreak havoc.
The U.S.A. may never again be caught
napp ng-the way it was at Pearl Harbor
-but, even so, the first Red Air Force
attack, if one ever should come, would
be a stunning blow. And the only con-
solation Americans would have as they
crawled from the wreckage would come
from the fact-that, at that very moment,
plane; of the Strategic Air Command
woulc. be winging toward Soviet Russia,
also loaded with A-bombs and H-bombs.
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