EUROPEAN U.S.S.R GAZETTEER AND MAP APPRAISAL

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LIST OF EFFECTIVE PAGES, CHAPTER XIII
CHANGE IN
SUBJECT MATTER EFFECT
Cover Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Original
List of Effective Pages and Table of Contents, Chapter XIII
(inside front cover) . . . . . . . . . . . . . Original
Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Original
Text (reverse blank) . . . . . . . . . . . . . Original
Imprint (inside back cover) . . . . . . . . . . . Original
PAGE NUMBERS
unnumbered
unnumbered
pp. XIII-:L to XIII-44
p. XIII-45
unnumbered
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Note: This chapter is based on material available in Washington, D. C., on 17 May 1948.
Page
130. GAZETTEER . . . . . . . . . . XIII - 1
131. MAP APPRAISAL . . . . . . . . . XIII -1
A. General topographic maps . . . . . XIII - 1
(1) First era . . . . . . . . . . XIII - 1
(a) :Maps at scale of 1:420,000:
European Russia, 1:420.,000,
K.V.T. . . . . . . . . XIII - 1
(b) :Maps at scale of 1:126,000:
European Russia, 1:126:,000,
K.V.T. . . . . . . . . XIII - 2
(c) Maps at scale of 1:84,000:
European Russia, 1:84,000,
K.V.T. . . . . . . . . XIII - 2
(d) :Maps at scale of 1:42,000:
European Russia, 1:42.,000,
K.V.T. . . . . . . . . XIII - 2
(e) Maps at scale of 1:21,000:
European Russia, 1:21,000,
K.V.T. . . . . . . . . XIII - 2
(2) Second era . . . . . . . . . XIII - 2
(a) :Maps at scale of 1:1,000,000 . XIII - 3
:L. European USSR, 1:1,000,000,
General Staff, Red Army . XIII - 3
2. Europe, 1:1,000,000, GSGS
2758 . . . . . . . . XIII - 3
3. Special Edition, 1: 1,000,000,
General Staff, German
Army . . . . . . . XIII - 4
(b) :Maps at scale of 1: 500,000 . . XIII - 4
L. European USSR, 1:500,000,
General Staff, Red Army XIII - 4
2. Deutsche Weltkarte,. 1:500
000, General Staff, Ger-
man Army . . . . . . XIII - 5
(c) Maps at scale of 1:300,000 . XIII - 5
:L. Special Edition, USSR, 1:-
300,000, General Staff,
German Army . . . . XIII - 5
2. Military Geography Map,
Eastern Europe (Mil-Geo-
Karte), 1:300,000, General
Staff, German Army . . XIII - 6
(d) :Maps at scale of 1:200,000:
European USSR, 1:200,000,
General Staff, Red Army XIII - 7
(e) Maps at scale of 1:100,000 . XIII - 8
1. European USSR, 1:100,000,
General Staff, Red Army . XIII - 8
Page
(f)
2. European USSR, 1:100,000,
General Staff, German
Army, Troop and Spe-
cial Editions . . . . XIII - 9
Maps at scale of 1:50,000 . XIII - 9
1. European USSR, 1:50,000,
General Staff, Red Army XIII - 9
2. German Army Map, Troop
Edition (Deutsche Heer-
eskarte), USSR, 1:50,000,
General Staff, German
Army . . . . . . . XIII - 10
(1)
The Aeronautical Planning Chart
series, 1:5,000,000; USAF Aero-
nautical Chart Service . . . XIII - 10
(2) The :Long Range Air Navigation
Chart series, 1:3,000,000; USAF
Aeronautical Chart Service . . XIII - 10
(3) The V-30 Air Navigation Chart se-
ries, 1:2,188,000; U. S. Hydro-
graphic Office . . . . . . XIII - 10
(4) The World Aeronautical Chart se-
ries,, 1:1,000,000; USAF Aero-
nautical Chart Service
(5)
Chart Service . . . . . . . XIII - 11
The USAF Pilotage Chart series,
1:500,000; USAF Aeronautical
(6) Europe (Air) series, 1:500,000;
GSGS 4072 . . . . . . XIII - 11
(7) Europe (Air) series, 1:250,000;
GSGS 3982 . . . . . . . . XIII - 11
(8) USAF' Equidistant Chart Centered
near Sverdlovsk, USSR ZD9
(ZI)9N - Nomograph) ; 1:24,327,-
708, September 1946; USAF
Aeronautical Chart Service . . XIII - 11
(9) Special Air Navigation Chart,
S-140 England. - India, 1:5,000,-
000 along 40?N; USAF Aeronau-
tical Chart Service . . . . . XIII - 11
(10) Special Air Navigation Chart se-
ries, 1:1,000,000 along 56?N;
USAF Aeronautical Chart Serv-
ice . . . . . . . . . . XIII - 12
C. Hydrographic charts . . . . . . XIII - 12
(Table of Contents, continued inside back cover)
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MAP APPRAISAL
Prepared by Map Research Section, Army Map Service,
Office of the Chief of Engineers; and by Map
Intelligence Division, Research and Intelligence
Organization, Department of State
130. GAZETTEER
Names of physical and cultural features appearing in
JANIS 40, European USSR are those recommended by the
United States Board on Geographic Names. These names
are incorporated in the Preliminary NIS Gazetteer: USSR.
131. MAP APPRAISAL
Cartography in Russia may be divided into two eras:
1) The period under the Tsarist Regime prior to 1919, and,
2) The period of the Russian Soviet Federated Socialist
Republic dating from the revolution to the present.
Political disruptions in Russia have resulted in many
changes of cartographic policies. The year 1919 is selected
as the dividing line of mapping eras inasmuch as that year
marked the beginning of the first major change-over in
Russian cartographic, geodetic, and topographic policies.
A. General topographic maps
(1) First era
For nearly a century (1816-1910) prior to 1919, mapping
of Tsarist Russia was desultory, uncoordinated, and with-
out far-sighted planning for continuity.
Triangulation was performed by the Tsarist Corps of
Military Topographers, only as required sectionally, with-
out planned consideration for the preservation of network
bench marks. Apparently a vast majority of the bench
marks, developed over scores of years, were completely lost
because of improper security.
About 28,000 miles of triangulation leveling were accom-
plished and 3,900 astronomical positions were determined;
yet of this considerable volume of data collected, probably
less than 2,000 miles of leveling was usable later and only
a few astronomical definitions have survived *.
It is claimed that the only survey data taken over and
used by the Soviets were those of the last ten years for
certain areas including the triangulation network in the
Caucasus.
Included in the following study are topographic maps
published under the direction of the Corps of Military
Topographers (known as K.V.T. prior to 1919), with longi-
Page XIII-1
tudes variously based on Pulkovo, Paris, or Ferro. Be-
cause of the general obsolescence of the older verst **
sheets, series published contemporarily by other than Rus-
sian authorities are not mentioned.
(a) Maps at scale of 1:420,000: European Russia,
1:420,000, K.V.T.
1. DESCRIPTION.-This ten-verst set covered all of
European Russia. As the series was constructed on
Gauss's conical projection using Meridian Pulkovo with
standard parallels 40? and 59?, there is considerable dis-
tortion of distances near the sheet edges.
Individual maps cover an area of approximately 3?30'
E-W and 2'N-S.
The actual source of the compilation and of the survey
base is not indicated. Probably the old 1:42,000 one-
verst survey was used because the required reduction of
sheet lines fitted exactly.
Originally the maps were steel-engraved monochromes,
but as early as 1875 certain ones were printed in five colors.
Relief is shown by hachures, augmented with spot eleva-
tions. The vertical datum was based on the tide gage at
Kronshtadt.
Vegetation is portrayed by solid green overprinting with-
out classification. Hydrography is shown in the usual
manner with water-lining added.
Urban areas are outlined and line-striped to scale.
Buildings are shown in solid black. The population break-
down, shown in legends of earlier sheets, is classified ac-
cording to size and style of type, as well as by the number
of buildings in communities. Later editions show popula-
tions of communities in figures on the face of the map.
Transportation facilities and utility lines are classified.
The individual maps were originally designated by
Arabic numbers, but as the series expanded, the addition
of Roman numerals and capital letters was required.
The lower margins of the maps include fairly compre-
hensive general symbol legend and the verst-fractional
scale.
2. EVALUATION.-Several facts contribute to the
obsolescence of the above series : the impracticability of
reconciling sheet lines and distance values to modern pro-
jections, the haphazard methods of Tsarist sectional sur-
veys, the differences in control datum values, the poor
physical representation, and especially the general an-
tiquity of the series.
* According to a report by the Soviet State Geodetic Service,
1944.
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JANIS 40
(b) Maps at scale of 1:126,000: European Russia,
1:126,000, K.V.T.
1. DESCRIPTION.-The three-verst maps were an in-
dependent series from several viewpoints. Having been
constructed on Bonne's projection, with Meridian Pulkovo,
distances were true only at the intersection of the central
parallel which was 550 N.
Individual sheets cover an area of approximately 1?20'
E-W and 27'N-S.
Original nineteenth-century editions were steel-en-
graved monochromes, while later Soviet-revised editions
were multicolored lithographs.
Meridians referring to Paris are ticked along the north
and south neatlines of each map.
Original coverage included most of the territory within
the scope of this report with the exception of a few large
areas in the northeast.
Relief is shown by hachures with occasional spot heights
given in sazhens*.
Hydrographic drafting is orthodox. Vegetation is sym-
bolized without classification.
Urban areas are outlined to scale with population fig-
ures added. Buildings are shown in solid black.
Roads and railroads are indicated without classification.
Later editions show a substantial amount of revision,
particularly in communication alinement and hydro-
graphic positions.
2. EVALUATION.-As can be seen from the above de-
scription, the reliability of this set is very doubtful. The
unequal values of the Bonne projection, together with
hachured relief and general inaccuracies, make the map
series a questionable source of information.
(c) Maps at scale of 1:84,000: European Russia,
1:84,000, K.V.T.
1. DESCRIPTION.-This set is a two-verst intermedi-
ary scale map series, originally published just before and
during World War I.
The maps were compiled from the older 1:21,000 and
1:42,000 K.V.T. sheets, in conjunction with a special
survey made by Mende covering eight administrative
areas.
The projection was polyhedric, as described in 131, A,
(1), (e), 1.
Two sheet sizes were used, covering areas 20' N - S by
30'E-W and15'N-Sby27'E-W.
The first editions were monochromes, followed later by
multicolor printing.
Relief is shown by contours at intervals of four sazhens,
controlled by spot elevations and triangulation points.
The general representation agrees. with that of the
1:126,000 series described in 131, A, (1), (b), 1.
Sheets published during and after World War I carry a
military grid. No legend is given.
2. EVALUATION.-Inasmuch as more accurate and
informative sheets of much later date were published and
are available, the two-verst series is interesting only from
a historical viewpoint and does not hold a front-line posi-
tion in the array of modern, reliable maps.
(d) Maps at scale of 1:42,000: European Russia,
1:42,000, K.V.T.
1. DESCRIPTION.-The one-verst maps were con-
structed on the polyhedric projection and covered an area
15' N- S by 10' E - W.
Originally the printing was in monochrome; however,
the productions revised by the Soviets were multicolored
and were later used as a base for the 1:50,000 set described
later in this study.
Relief is shown by contour lines at intervals of two and
four sazhens, coordinated to spot elevations and triangu-
lation points.
Source for compilation is not indicated, but, inasmuch
as the one-verst scale was one of the primary survey bases,
it is assumed that the sheets were compiled directly from
field work.
The general representation is similar to that of the
1:84,000 series described in 131, A, (1), (c), 1.
2. EVALUATION.-Time has definitely nullified any
reliability of the original one-verst map. Probably the
relief and drainage of many of the revised maps published
later by the Soviets were fairly well done, but here again,
the value of this set is overshadowed by later highly re-
vised 1:50,000 maps covering the same area.
(e) Maps at scale of 1:21,000: European Russia,
1:21,000, K.V.T.
1. DESCRIPTION.-These maps, known as the one-
half-verst field sheets, were constructed on a polyhedric
projection. The sheet corners were calculated separately
for each map, which produced an overlap on the adjoin-
ing sheet. The essential difference between this and the
polyconic projection is that the north and south lines are
drawn as a straight line connecting sheet corners, rather
than following a true parallel.
Individual maps of this set cover an area 7'15" E - W by
5' N - S. While the base source is not explained, they
were probably compiled from original surveys of the same
scale.
The maps do not appear in continuous series, but ap-
parently were prepared for important areas near large
cities.
Relief is shown by contours at intervals of two sazhens,
supplemented by spot elevations and triangulation points.
The general presentation, while embracing more detail,
is comparable to the description of the 1:84,000 set given
in 131, A, (1), (c), 1.
2. EVALUATION.-While the polyhedric projection
used is sound and presents no difficulty in recompilation,
physical changes over the long lapse of time, plus doubt-
ful accuracy of the original preparation, relegate this se-
ries to the collector's folio.
(2) Second era
On March 5, 1919, following the historic revolution, the
Council of People's Commissars issued a decree, signed by
Lenin, creating the Supreme Geodetic Administration
(V.G.U.). It was the task of this organization to make
an exhaustive topographic study of all of the USSR, with
the idea of bringing about a definite improvement in the
development of economic possibilities.
The highly optimistic decree authorized the V.G.U. pro-
gram as follows :
1) Unification and coordination of the geodetic activity of
all agencies of the republics.
2) Unification of all surveys in order to compile and publish
maps of nation-wide importance at various scales. This
necessitated elimination of duplication, and the collection,
and collation of all data resulting from astronomical, geo-
detic, and topographic surveys.
3) Formulation of specifications and policies for the stand-
ardization of cartographic methods, computations, prepara-
tions, and publications.
The Administration was unable to support the decree by
providing modern cartographic equipment or experienced
specialists, nor would it give V.G.U. top authority for the
project over equally powerful agencies which also sought
recognition.
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MAP.APPRAISAL
As a result, the intent of the original edict was lost amid
the ensuing struggle for control, and no single top agency
was able to make cartographic headway until many years
later.
In the meantime, starting with V.G.U., one after another
of the various top cartographic administrations suc-
cumbed in the scramble for power.
Eventually, in 1939, all map-producing agencies employ-
ing civilian personnel were placed under the jurisdiction
of the Chief, Administration of Geodesy and Cartography,
(G.U.G.K.). Parallel to this political group, the Military
Topographic Division of the General Staff, Red Army,
functioned independently. Obviously, during World War
II and in the period preceding it, these two top authorities
worked, and still work, in full cooperation.
While some standard-scale sheets appeared that were
of necessity compiled from old material, generally, from
1939 forward General Staff Red Army maps of European
USSR are of sound basis, apparently the result of able
cartography.
Many of the maps described later may have a good re-
liability rating, but it must be remembered that certain
military or critical information has likely been withheld.
This is evidenced by a comparison of German photo- and
field-revised sheets with their USSR prototypes. This
policy of withholding critical information in map compila-
tion is further confirmed by the secret Soviet order of 5
September 1940 entitled, "Chief Administration for Ge-
odesy and Cartography, General Instructions on Map-
Making."
Because of the magnitude of an exhaustive map ap-
praisal of all scales by all authorities, it will be the policy
in this section to review only later-date standard maps
which show a substantial coverage available in the AMS
library. Maps published by other than USSR authorities
will be appraised according to a selection based on com-
parable value.
(a) Maps at scale of 1:1,000,000
1. EUROPEAN USSR, 1:1,000,000, GENERAL STAFF,
RED ARMY
a. Description.-The State Map of the RSFSR,
published by G.U.G.K. and the General Staff, Red Army,
after 1939, is constructed on the altered polyconic projec-
tion, Prime Meridian Greenwich, in accordance with
standard International Map of the World practice.
The maps cover an area 6? E - W by 4? N - S, excepting
those falling above the sixtieth north parallel, which are
usually printed in pairs to include 12? E - W. Individual
maps are identified with a letter according to latitude and
a number according to longitude. They are also named
after the most important urban area within the sheet
lines. Example: The sheet falling in area 56? to 60? N
and 30? to 36? E is named Leningrad and is numbered
0-36.
In the color representation black indicates culture sym-
bols, nomenclature, communications; brown, first-class
roads; blue, hydrography; gray, relief; green, woodland;
orange, graticule grid net.
Relief is shown with labelled contour lines at 50-meter
intervals, augmented by first-order triangulation points
and occasional spot elevations.
Hydrographic representation is orthodox. Shorelines
and narrow streams receive the dark blue color; large
rivers and lakes are light blue. The break-down includes
canals and swamp areas. Vegetation appears in solid
green tint, classified simply as woodland.
In the legend, urban areas are classified in eight cate-
gories, according to a combination of symbols and type,
Original
Page XIII-?3
which indicate urban population ranging from the small-
est villages through cities of more than 75,000 inhabitants
and which distinguish administrative centers.
Communications are classified as follows: four types of
railroads are indicated : double track, single track, narrow-
gage lines, and those under construction. Three classes
of roads are shown : main highways, gravelled and irri-
proved dirt roads, and dirt roads.
Maps are line-cut with a numbered and referenced
graticule net coordinated to the geographical grid.
Boundary lines include political and administrative de-
marcations from international down to okrug.
In the border of each map, aside from the sheet desig-
nation and publishing authority, are found: a compre-
hensive symbol legend, an index to adjoining sheets dia-
gram, a standard kilometer bar scale, an index to bound-
aries diagram, and a credit note which, in many cases, lists
all source compilation material.
Type face and style used in nomenclature is a fairly
legible, roman bold variety in both verticals and italics.
The above description applies directly to the later sheets
of the series on file at Army Map Service, published be-
tween 1939 and 1944. Previous editions, published by
various civilian agencies somewhat responsible to the Gen-
eral Staff, Red Army, present some differences in represen-
tation, but are, in general, of the same type.
A few sheets published directly by G.U.G.K., during this
time, have hypsometric layer tints as a relief feature and
indicate a variety of vegetation cover. Also, the nomen-
clature is completely revised by the use of modern gothic
type faces.
In production of this wartime series, drafting skill was
sacrificed to speed, and the poor quality of paper stock
used in printing did not add to the quality of the finished
maps.
b. Evaluation.-This so-called State Map received
special consideration from the topmost Soviet cartogra-
phers. Under their influence it was developed from a com-
mon general-utility map to the top spot of all Soviet carto-
graphic work.
While certain vital information such as airfields and
communications has been omitted, as a base source at the
scale involved, the USSR 1: 1,000,000 Red Army Mal)
stands alone.
2. EUROPE, 1:1,000,000, GSGS, 2758
a. Description.-This topographic million set,
compiled under the direction of the Geographical Section,
General Staff, British War Office, was published provision-
ally in several editions at the start of World War II.
Occasional differences in cartographic policy, no doubt
activated by wartime expediency, account for noticeable
inconsistencies between editions. However, the genera[
description in this section pertains to the majority of
sheets in the Army Map Service library.
Individual sheets were plotted on standard I.M.W. modi-
fied polyconic meridians and parallels, and covered a geo-
graphic area of 6? E - W by 4? N - S. Those sheets above
the sixtieth north parallel were extended E - W to include
two or more standard maps.
Sheets are designated by name and number according
to I.M.W. practice. Representation, in four colors, uses:
black, for symbols, railroads, nomenclature; red, roads,
graticule grid references; blue, hydrography; and brown,
for relief.
Contoured relief is shown at 1.00-meter intervals for al-
titudes under 200 meters, and at 200-meter intervals for
altitudes above. Occasional spot elevations and triangu-.
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JANIS 40
lation points are indicated. Inasmuch as maps were com-
piled primarily from smaller-scale sources, contouring is,
of course, well generalized.
First- and second-class urban areas are outlined to scale.
Five other symbols indicating relative population are
shown, including one which denotes administrative im-
portance.
Three classifications each of roads and railroads are
shown.
Soviet place names are transliterated. Generics and
modifiers are romanized from original Russian form and
are translated in a glossary of topographical terms and
abbreviations appearing in the border of each sheet.
Boundaries are referenced back to the year 1.914.
Besides the usual legend, bar scales, and imprinting, the
sheets carry an index to adjoining sheets diagram, an in-
dex to boundary diagram, a glossary, and a credit note
listing compilation sources. Sources given, which are
entirely of non-modern Russian vintage, include :
1:420,000 Special Series
1:1,050,000 Strategic Set
1:1,680,000 Hypsometric
1:2,000,000 Atlas
1:2,520,000 Communications Guide
b. Evaluation.-Comparison of individual sheets
of this set with highly revised recent Soviet works reveal
that factual representation is strictly outmoded.
Relief is substantially inconsistent; hydrography shows
much variance in alinement and shapes; communications
are either missing or inaccurate, and much detail is lack-
ing for the scale used.
In short, the British Million set, published prior to the
modern revised series, which is in compilation stage at this
time, should be used with caution except as reference ma-
trial.
3. SPECIAL EDITION, 1:1,000,000, GENERAL STAFF,
GERMAN ARMY
a. Description.-The maps of the Special Edition
follow the sheet lines of the International Map of the
World, with the geographic net drawn in full degrees of
longitude and latitude. Each sheet covers an area of 6?
longitude and 4? latitude. In maps of the far north, two
adjacent sheets were frequently printed as a single map.
In certain areas, probably deemed strategic, Zusam-
mendru'cke-sheets were published, which consisted of four
sheets incorporated into one. In this case a footnote
qualifies the format as a combined reproduction of the
four basic 1:1,000,000 Special Editions. Individual maps
are identified by name, letter, and number.
The USSR 1:1,000,000 State Map was the basic source
material used for all maps in the European USSR area.
However, in practically all cases, this source was aug-
mented by the use of larger-scale Soviet topographic maps
and smaller-scale Soviet atlas sheets.
Relief is represented by contour lines and gradient tints.
The contour interval used is 100 meters for irregular ter-
rain and 25 meters in low areas. Numerous spot eleva-
tions appear, as well as occasional trigonometrical points.
Color representation carried by the Special Edition is:
sepia for cultural features; blue, hydrography; red, roads;
green, woodlands; brown, contours; and violet for bound-
aries. Layer tints are shown by light green, shading to
dark red-brown.
USSR place names, as well as other notations and ab-
breviations, have been replaced with German translitera-
tions.
Six categories of urban population are designated, also
six types of administrative centers. Population symbols
range from one for villages of under 10,000 to one for
cities of over 100,000.
Railroad symbols represent multiple track, single track,
industrial or narrow gage, and lines under construction.
Roads are shown by five categories, ranging from motor-
express highway to winter trail.
Symbolic representation for the scale used is more com-
prehensive than in other series, including such features as
factories, telegraph lines, ruins, mounds, and forest breaks.
In this set, occasional vital information appears which
is omitted in the original Russian sources. While the
veracity of such information is not particularly doubted,
no explanation of source is quoted. In fact, it may be
assumed that the revised areas of these maps are a direct
result of the vast amount of aerial photography completed
by the Germans over the western portion of European
USSR.
Material in the map borders is comparable to that of the
General Staff, Red Army, maps described in 131, A, (2),
(a), 1, a.
b. Evaluation.-As a supplementary general
source of information, the Special Edition German Mil-
lion may be considered fairly reliable. If used for re-
drafting maps, however, caution should be used, because
the Germans in recompiling from Soviet sources were not
too accurate in portraying gages of symbols, such as width
of streams, etc.
In certain. areas, where aerial photography was avail-
able, communications and other planimetric information
may be accepted as being more reliable than on the origi-
nal USSR base maps.
(b) Maps at scale of 1:500,000
1. EUROPEAN USSR, 1:500,000, GENERAL STAFF, RED
a. Description.-Primarily known as the Military
Operational Series, the 1:500,000 maps were conceived in
1933 as the result of a demand for something comparable
to the outmoded but popular 1:420,000 ten-verst sheets.
The special requirements of the 1:500,000 map which
was finally evolved were that it must fit modern sheet
lines and projections; it must be sufficiently elaborate to
suit the highly technical problems of the new army; and
it must serve as a basis for economic development.
The area covered by each map is 3' longitude by 2 ? lati-
tude. Constructed on an improved polyhedral projection,
Prime Meridian Greenwich, each sheet covers one-quarter
part of the I.M.W. 1:1,000,000 area in which it falls and is
correspondingly named and numbered. Example: Sheet
NO-40-B would be the northeast quarter of the 1:1,000,000
sheet NO-40.
Various sources for base compilation were used, depend-
ing on available material, but generally source maps at
scales between and including 1:10,000 and 1:500,000 were
used.
Maps are lithographed in colors: black indicates culture
symbolization, roads, shorelines of bodies of water and of
wide streams, railroads, nomenclature, elevations, bound-
ary lines, sand areas; brown, contour lines; orange, main
highways, graticule grid; blue, hydrography; and green,
woodland.
Relief is indicated by contour lines at intervals of 40
meters. To aid in quick reading of relative relief, the
lowest contour line in a series is numbered.
Size and shape of urban areas, which are drafted rather
generally to scale, indicate their relative population. On
later sheets, figures placed under city names apparently
indicate population in hundred-thousands. Size and style
Original
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of type face used for names of smaller towns indicate their
administrative importance.
Population break-down of urban areas includes nine
categories ranging from cities over 500,000 to those of less
than 20,000, and towns over 2,000 to those under 100.
Cultural symbolization includes important industries,
agricultural works, economic institutions, collective farms,
and churches.
The road symbolization break-down includes all-weather
highways, improved dirt roads and those of lesser im-
portance such as plain dirt roads and trails, all without
structure or width analysis.
Double track, single track, and narrow gage or indus-
trial, are categories of railroads which are indicated.
A noticeable variance from the usual method of depict-
ing shorelines of lakes and double-line streams appears in
this set, in that these appear in black. Otherwise, general
delineation of hydrography is orthodox.
In this set of maps it seems quite apparent that an un-
cluttered appearance and legibility were more desirable
than excessive naming of smaller urban areas and river
tributaries. Generally, the maps are quite easy to read.
Many of the maps show a military grid system. Heavy
orange lines enclose an area 1 ? longitude by 30' latitude,
which in turn is subdivided, with light lines, into nine
small numbered rectangles.
At the top border of the maps, from left to right, appear:
1) The administrative oblasts covered.
2) General Staff, Red Army, publishing authority.
3) The sheet title.
4) The sheet letter, number, and section.
At the lower border, from left to right, appear:
1) The legend, apparently tailored for each map.
2) An index to adjoining sheets diagram.
3) A bar scale, usually of 30-kilometer length.
4) The contour interval.
5) A magnetic variation note.
6) An index to boundaries diagram.
7) A credit note, indicating compilation dates and source
material information.
b. Evaluation.-The planning and development
of this set directly reflect its value. Within the limits of
the reproduction scale, it is a well-organized general plan-
ning and military operational series. Allowing for prob-
able Red Army omissions, the individual sheets may be
considered generally reliable.
2. DEUTSCHE WELTKARTE, 1: 500,000, GENERAL STAFF,
GERMAN ARMY
a. Description.-This set is evidently redrafted
from captured USSR 1:500,000 maps, with the same sheet
lines used. The Gauss-Kruger projection was used, with
Prime Meridian Greenwich, which for all practical pur-
poses is similar to the modified polyconic projection used
on the original Soviet maps.
Individual sheet names have been romanized and trans-
lated into German, and in the sheet-numbering system,
NO, NE, SO, and SE, have been substituted for the Soviet
quarter-sections, A, B, C, D.
While the maps are copies of captured USSR originals,
scattered revisions or additions were made by the Germans
just prior to printing, probably from intelligence or air
reconnaissance sources.
Maps are lithographed in color: black indicates culture
symbolization, roads, shorelines of bodies of water and wide
streams, railroads, nomenclature, elevations, boundary
lines; orange, main highways and urban areas; brown,:
relief; blue, hydrography and names thereof; green, wood-11
and pink, graticule grid.
Contour lines at intervals of 40 meters portray variations
of relief. As on the original USSR maps, the lowest con-
tour line in a series is numbered.
The only material differences in the German portrayal
of urban areas lie in the drafting, which has been some-
what generalized, and in the color. All urban areas of
populations between 2,000 and 500,000 are shown by red
fill.
The population break-down varies slightly from sheet
to sheet, but generally indicates classification down to
villages of less than 100 inhabitants.
Roads are classified as motor highway, motor highway
under construction, road with substructure, dirt road,
village road, caravan route, track-trail, winter road, or
forest road.
Classifications of railroads are electrically operated,
double track, single track, narrow gage, under construc-
tion, planned, or abandoned.
The Germans have retained the Soviet method of show-
ing shorelines in black for bodies of water. The single
deviation from the original USSR maps lies in the names
of hydrographic features, which are printed in blue in
this series.
The superimposed military grid reference system is
similar to the Soviet type; however, a different key refer-
ence numbering method is used.
Quite a radical change was made in the composition of
map marginal information. The Germans have placed
a very comprehensive symbol legend, consisting of 117
separate items, in the right-hand margin.
Below the legend appears a list of abbreviations used
on the face of the map.
The lower margin carries the usual credit note, index
to boundaries, 30-kilometer bar scale and index to ad-
joining sheets diagram. In addition, below the bar scale
is a list of Gauss-Kruger grid values for the four corners
of the sheet.
b. Evaluation.-It is probable that, in many in-
stances, the Germans were able to make spot revisions of
the existing USSR cartography from intelligence data or
photography; however, the source used is not listed in the
credit notes.
In general, spot revisions may be accepted as authentic,
particularly on maps falling west of a rough line drawn as
follows: beginning at a point at the extreme northwest
tip of Kandalakshskaya Guba, above the Arctic Circle, run-
ning southward along the west shore of Lake Onega, veer-
ing west of Leningrad, thence generally southeasterly
skirting west of Moscow, making an are to include Stalin-
grad, then southward nearly to Groznyy, then veering di-
rectly west at this point to Novorossiysk on the Black Sea.
Not only were the Germans in prolonged possession of
much of this area, but their engineers and terrain special-
ists were systematically engaged in revising the mapping
of the area of conquest from on-the-spot observation.
German air reconnaissance supplied a great deal of ma-
terial for map revision, even some distance east of the
area of ground control, but to what extent is not known
at this time.
Generally the information supplied in this map series
can be accepted as reliable.
(c) Maps at scale of 1:300,000
1. SPECIAL EDITION, USSR, 1:300,000, GENERAL
STAFF, GERMAN ARMY
a. Description.-This main strategic map series
used by the Germans during the invasion of the USSR
was published under the control of the German General
Staff, in several varieties of Special Editions.
Original
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Inasmuch as all these later editions used similar geo-
graphic sheet lines, numbering systems, and base mate-
rial, this description can be generally accepted for all edi-
tions under such general titles as Deutsche Heereskarte
Osteuropa, Ubersichtskarte von Mitteleuropa, Sonderaus-
gaben Nordeuropa and Osteuropa, and subtitles as Flie-
gerausgabe, Fuhrungskarte, or Zusammendrucke.
Together the sets cover a solid block area of European
USSR extending from the western USSR boundary to
64?20' E of Greenwich between the 44th parallel on the
south and the 70th parallel on the north.
Individual sheets are constructed on a Gauss-Kruger
projection according to full degrees of latitude and longi-
tude, and cover an area 2 ? E - W by 1 ? N - S. However,
since the original structure of the basic 1:300,000 set was
projected on Prime Meridian Ferro (17?40' W of Green-
wich), the Germans apparently converted the geographic
values for the later sets to fit a projection based on this
meridian. The result was that the longitudinal values of
each sheet fell 20' east of even degrees Greenwich.
Sheet names were taken from the most prominent popu-
lated place within the sheet lines. Sheet number indi-
cates the latitude north of the equator in degrees, and a
sheet letter indicates its longitudinal position on an arbi-
trary grid index. The extreme westerly limit of this ar-
bitrary grid, labeled A, was set at 11 ? 40' W of Greenwich,
apparently allowing sufficient longitude to clear the west-
erly land limits of Europe in case of an extension to the
series.
Example : the map designated as Leningrad, V-60 oc-
cupies a geographic position 28?20' E to 30?20' E and
59? to 60? N.
In printing the Zusammendrucke edition, several sheets
were joined and published as a single map. Individual
sheets of several other published sets were combinations
of four or six smaller sheets. In all cases, the Zusam-
mendrucke was named and numbered according to the
names and number of the upper left and lower right base
sheets. Examples: sheet designated X52 - Y-50, Kono-
top - Charkow, comprised of six base maps covering an
area 32?20' E to 36?20' E of Greenwich and 49? to 50? N.
The usual multicolor lithography is: sepia representing
culture, communications, boundaries, general nomencla-
ture; brown, relief; blue, hydrography and names thereof;
green, woodland; and orange, main highways, urban areas,
military grid. Apparently the Germans selected a sepia
tone instead of black to preclude overemphasis of any par-
ticular color.
General nomenclature of the map bodies has been trans-
literated into German and all abbreviations are listed in
the sheet order. However, a tendency to overname that
has resulted from the anxiety to depict every possible
strategic feature, necessitates a wide variety of type sizes.
Wherever it was justified from source material, a 20-
meter contour interval was standardized for this set.
Even though the base material was taken occasionally
from 1:1,000,000 or smaller-scale maps having 100-meter
contour intervals, the Germans interpolated for 20 meters.
This usually occurred, in areas above the 60th parallel.
Substantiating their contour scheme, a selected number
of bench marks and triangulation points were sufficiently
interspersed on the sheets to provide fairly good control.
Apparently the 1:100,000 standard USSR topographic
maps were considered the ideal base for the structure of
this set and were used wherever obtainable. However, the
larger-scale maps at 1:50,000 and 1:200,000 were used in
considerable number, supplemented with smaller-scale
topographic, political, economic, and Soviet Atlas maps
including 1:5,000,000 for areas where larger-scale cover-
age was not available.
- Ground cover has been indicated, wherever known, in
twelve classifications including such features as forest,
tundra, sand or rocky wastes, grasslands and marsh.
Road classification, conditional to area, includes
through highways, roads with good substructure, roads
with little substructure, improved dirt roads, other roads,
paths or forest trails, winter roads, and corduroy roads.
Rail communications include multiple and single track
in standard USSR broad gage, industrial and secondary
rail lines, narrow-gage lines, railroads under construction
or abandoned, and station sites.
A simplified break-down of populated places indicates
large cities above 100,000, medium cities between 30,000
and 100,000, small cities between 5,000 and 30,000, small
towns under 5,000, and large and small villages. The size
of type face naming urban areas indicates the position of
each area in the above break-down. All urban areas have
been outlined and accentuated with an orange fill. Iso-
lated buildings are shown in solid sepia.
Depiction of streams, waterways, lakes, etc., is entirely
comprehensive in standard treatment, larger bodies of
water being shown by solid light-blue fill. Wells, springs,
water tanks, canals, and dry river beds are included in
this picture.
Besides a standard 10,000-meter military grid showing
on all sheets, the Filegerausgabe maps include a rose-
colored flight grid based upon a 1 ?-square geographic
graticule, which in turn is numbered and subdivided to
show 10' E - W by 5' N-- S reference squares.
The top border gives the series number, a special edition
classification, the general set name, an edition number,
and the sheet number and name. Material in the right
and lower borders is exceptionally comprehensive. In the
right border appears a symbol legend including 91 sepa-
rate items. Below that is printed a list of other items
used on the map proper. Next, a coordinate scale for the
army grid is shown with instructions for use in designa-
tion of control points.
From left to right in the lower border the following items
are shown : source material credit note, base map data
diagram, base map correction diagram, political bound-
aries diagram, 15-kilometer bar scale, map authority and
date, index to adjoining sheets diagram, declination pro-
tractor scale, declination diagram and note.
b. Evaluation.-Within certain limits, particu-
larly where a combination of late Soviet large-scale sources
was used together with intelligence and aerial photog-
raphy, these sheets may be used with considerable con-
fidence. -
The supply of good source material diminished as the
Germans extended this set toward the east and north; the
reliability of the set reduced accordingly, particularly
where physical features are concerned. Yet in mapped
areas where the relief portrayal is strictly unreliable or
even non-existent, the planimetric portrayal is considered
fairly reliable, probably due to capable intelligence.
In general, any use of these maps should be primarily
based on an individual examination of source material
listings.
2. MILITARY GEOGRAPHY MAP, EASTERN EUROPE,
(MIL-GEO-KARTE) 1:300,000, GENERAL STAFF, GERMAN
ARMY
a. Description.-Basically this set is identical
with the Special Edition, 1:300,000, described under 131,
A, (2), (c), 1, a. In fact, the Mil-Geo material was simply
overprinted on the latest available sheets of that set.
Original
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As an adjunct to the aforementioned set the Germans
simultaneously assembled and compiled military geo-
graphic and intelligence material particularly adaptable
to a substantial number of standard sheets. This mate-
rial was assembled on a single color plate and applied by
purple overprint on the map proper, the enlarged border,
and the reverse side, including separate legends and city
plans. The overprint type was designed as a large, single-
stroke, futura style to assist reading over the type of the
original base map.
Inasmuch as the greatest value of individual maps in
this set is based entirely on the German portrayal of im-
portant military information by combining text and sym-
bols, the following description concerns this method of
portrayal.
As the policies and symbolization specifications for the
Mil-Geo maps were developed, the Germans published ex-
planatory booklets regarding the use of signs and symbols
for use both by the map compiler and by the user. Three
of these are noted:
1) Kartenzeichen fur Militargeographische Sonderkarten,
Entwurf 1941. (Conventional Signs for Military-Geograph-
ical Special Maps, Plan 1941).
2) Signatures fur Militargeographische Sonderkarten, vor-
laufiger Entwurf 1943. (Symbols for Military-Geograph-
ical Special Maps, Provisional Plan 1943).
3) Kartenzeichen fur Militargeographische Karten mit An-
hang: Verzeichnis von Abkilrzenyen in Mil-Geo-Texten,
Entwurf 1944. (Conventional Signs for Military-Geograph-
ical maps, with Supplement: Index of Abbreviations in Mil-
Geo Text, Plan 1944).
A more intelligent interpretation of the set as a whole
is possible through the use of the above booklets, par-
ticularly the latest edition which supersedes the two pre-
vious editions.
Following is a classified listing of Mil-Geo signs and
symbols which appear, where applicable, in the purple
overprint :
1)
Land forms and vegetation.
2)
Coastal features.
3)
Harbor types.
4)
Waterway obstructions.
5)
Water feature detail.
6)
Bridge types.
7)
Highways, roads, railroads, and traffic features.
8)
Military,
buildings.
militarily useful, and public establishments or
9)
Utilities
(supply establishments).
10)
Cultural
features (an exhaustive grouping of economic
and agricultural features).
Primarily, the border material on the individual map is
the key to its interpretation; without it the map would
be a confusing mass of numbers and symbols. This map-
qualifying information is listed in order of appearance
on the border of each map :
1) General Description:
a) Agricultural organization.
b) Land forms description.
c) Soil description.
d) Vegetation description.
e) Climate data.
f) Water features.
g) Populations and settlements.
h) Agriculture.
i) Communications.
2) Coastal Description: under this heading certain lengths
of coast are located and described.
3) Town Description: under this heading the largest, or often
a group of the largest or most important urban areas, are
described textually. These areas will also be found on the
reverse side of the sheet in large-scale blowups.
Original
Page XIII-7
4) Numerically Keyed Military Object Gazetteer: under the
German heading, Objectverzeichnis appears a listing of
numbers together with accompanying text, followed by an
atlas coordinate reference. These numbers appear once
in the map proper next to a special symbol, and the text
describes the object at that position. The atlas reference
is simply the German military grid squares which have
been referenced in standard form along the map neatlines
with a letter on one side and a number on the other.
Apparently the Germans considered bridges of top im-
portance for this type of detailed map, because all bridge
locations were exhausted in the first section of this keyed
list before descriptions of other types of objects were in-
troduced at the end. This listing was of such length,
often running into hundreds of objects, that it was con-
tinued to the reverse side of the map.
As mentioned above, the reverse side of these maps
usually carries at least one large-scale city plan of the im-
portant cities in the area. These were not always com-
piled from up-to-date sources, but they do include a sub-
stantial amount of military information in the purple
overprint. Each city thus represented has its own nu-
merically keyed text for locating sites and objects.
Other indices include : 1) A general legend of symbols
most frequently used; 2) A legend of economic symbols
peculiar to each separate map; and 3) A glossary of ab-
breviations used in the text.
The reader should bear in mind that, in many cases, the
Germans were unable to compile exhaustively informative
maps; therefore, while some sheets are literally covered
on both sides with purple overprint, others show little ad-
ditional information or are lacking city plan back-ups.
b. Evaluation.-In view of the fact that field-
check verification is impossible and that available aerial
photography (out-of-date) has not been subjected to a
careful comparison with the German 1:300,000 Mil-Geo
set, a precise evaluation is withheld and a probable evalu-
ation submitted.
It is believed that certain characteristics are portrayed
accurately, such as agricultural organization, land forms
description, soil and vegetation, climatic data and other
characteristics that develop over the years and do not
change suddenly.
Neither do road networks nor other communications de-
velop or disappear overnight; however, their condition may
change quite rapidly, which is highly important from a
military viewpoint.
Probable or even certain location of bridges may be ac-
cepted simply by inspecting the drainage pattern, yet the
characteristics of construction, load values, etc., are not
permanent, particularly in an area where general military
destruction has occurred.
When positive military knowledge is sought, however,
such facts, together with descriptions and locations of
economic structures such as typed industrial plants,
heavily based on intelligence reports during a time of war,
should be accepted as probabilities only.
(d) Maps at scale of 1:200,000: European USSR,
1.200,000, General Staff, Red Army
1. DESCRIPTION.-The Soviets apparently produced
this intermediary-scale set for strategic and economic as-
sessment purposes.
Compilation incorporated surveys dated from 1932 to
1942, also 1:100,000 and 1:50,000 USSR maps dating from
1924, with corrections and printing proceeding from 1939
to late 1942.
Based on a modified polyconic projection, the set uses
Prime Meridian Greenwich. The Gauss-Kruger military
grid is used in 10,000-meter intervals.
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JANIS 40
The standard maps cover an area 1 ? E - W by 40' N - S,
following I.M.W. sheet lines, thereby assuming a geo-
graphic area equal to 1/36th of a standard I.M.W. sheet.
During the early period of World War II, many standard
sheets were combined to form double and quadruple maps,
probably for strategic planning purposes.-
In the usual lithographic representation brown repre-
sents relief; blue, hydrography; red, roads; green, wood-
land; black, cultural. symbolization, communications, and
nomenclature; and purple, boundaries.
Maps published in 1942 carry a red fill for main high-
ways and a yellow fill for secondary highways; other roads
are shown in black.
Relief on earlier sheets is shown by contours at 10- and
20-meter intervals, tied to triangulation and astronomic
points and survey markers. Contouring of later sheets
is shown at 40-meter intervals with 20-meter auxiliaries.
A comprehensive classification of vegetation is shown,
as well as peatbog, marsh, swamp, sand, and steppe. For-
ests are portrayed by symbols for deciduous and conifer-
ous trees, with distinction made for burned and cut-over
areas and scrub growth.
Streams, as well as ferries and fords are indicated, and
wells, springs, deep and shallow navigable canals, glaciers,
intermittent streams, irrigation canals, and above-ground
and underground water conduits complete the hydro-
graphic portrayal.
Roads are fairly well classified as two classes of high-
ways, improved and regular dirt roads, corduroy roads,
tracks, and.winter trails.
Railroads, include single- and double-line trackage, nar-
row-gage, lines under construction or dismantled, and
electrified lines.
Populated urban areas are classified by symbols and
type sizes into eight groups, ranging from settlements of
under 100 inhabitants to cities of over 100,000.
Conventional symbols are used to indicate location of
isolated buildings or objects, high-tension lines, mines,
airdromes, factories, etc.
Aside from a very representative symbol legend, the
sheet borders are not especially informative. The lower
border contains information regarding the map author-
ity, a 10-kilometer bar scale, an index showing the map
position in reference to the million-scale map in which it
falls, and occasional information regarding boundaries,
but base source material used in compilation is seldom
indicated.
2. EVALUATION.-Since this is the only topographic
set at 1:100,000 scale covering a major, portion of Euro-
pean USSR, it is considered valuable for general reference
and for the factual data within limits of the scale.
Some caution is advised in the use of sheets of earlier
date as the Soviet compilation was not particularly ac-
curate. However, the compilation of maps published
about 1942 is apparently well-executed and may be used
with a considerable degree of confidence.
While individually the maps do not portray the wealth
of information found in the German 1:300,000 set, from a
topographic standpoint they do bridge the gap between
the Soviet 1:100,000 and 1:500,000 sheets.
(e) Maps at scale of 1:100,000
1. EUROPEAN USSR, 1:100,000, GENERAL STAFF, RED
a. Description.-This set was produced mainly
for military use at close range and was intended for dis-
tribution to lower-ranking officers during real or simulated
warfare.
Surveys dating from 1875 through 1929 were used in the
compilation of this set. A substantial number of the
sheets of later date simply quote the USSR 1:50,000 (1926
to 1941) as source base, but many sheets give compilation
credit to available aerial photography. However, included
in the make-up of this set is material drawn from 1:25,000
and 1:42,000 topographic maps, together with a mixture
of smaller scale 1:126,000 and 1:250,000 political and
planimetric sheets of 1883 vintage onward, plus revision
data from 1916 to 1941.
As with the USSR 1:200,000 map, a polyhedric projec-
tion based on Prime, Meridian Greenwich was used, to-
gether with the Gauss-Kruger military grid net.
These maps include an area 30' E - W by 20' N - S and
fit standard I.M.W. sheet lines, being numbered from 1 to
144 under the parent I.M.W. designation, such as
N-36-144.
Relief is shown by contours at 20-meter intervals with
10-meter auxiliaries in flat areas. While the accuracy of
the contouring is not proven, it is well supported by numer-
ous trigonometrical points and a variety of bench marks
which suggest a well-controlled mapping process.
The description in the succeeding paragraphs will also
apply to the German 1:100,000 and both the Soviet and
German 1:50,000 maps, which are appraised further in
this study.
In order to make an intelligent reading of the map
proper, the user should have access to one of the published
explanatory-symbol pamphlets prepared particularly for
this scale range. Because of the abundance of symbol
classifications used, it was impossible to include a symbol
legend in the map border.
Three pamphlets are available in the Army Map Service
library.
1) Uslovnyye Znaki i obraztsy Shriftov dlya topograftcheskikh
Kart, Masshtabov 1:25,000, 1:50,000, 1:100,000. Photostat
of 1940 Soviet publication.
2) Zeichenerklarung fur Russische Karten, 1942. Photostat
of German edition of 1).
3) Russian Map Symbols. Army Map Service Technical Man-
ual No. 17. 1st ed., November 1946. On distribution to
authorized agencies.
While many monochromes were published, these maps
are predominantly in four colors: black indicates culture,
communications, nomenclature; blue, hydrography;
brown, relief; and green, woodland.
A complete catalog of all abbreviations used in the maps
will be found in the original Soviet or German explanatory
symbol pamphlets. The following paragraphs list the
principal symbol classifications with a brief description of
features that may be included in each category.
Populated Places: In this category may be found cities
of all description, rural and scattered settlements, indi-
vidual dwellings, camps, state farms, homesteads, nomad
settlements, permanent fort sites, barns, and ruins.
Industry, Agriculture, and Other Objects: In this cate-
gory may be found numerous examples of industrial and
economic plants, mines, storage tanks, radio stations, air-
ports, tractor stations, meteorological stations, rocks,
caves, volcanos, monuments, churches, cemeteries, etc.
Orientation and Fixed Points : A wide range of geodetic
control is included in this grouping as well as many fixed
objects such as chimneys, towers, pinnacles, buoys, light-
houses, submerged rocks, wells, windmills, etc.
Boundaries and Enclosures: In this grouping are found
national, administrative, and rayon boundaries, telephone
and telegraph lines, low and high-tension lines, oil lines,
fences, walls, hedges, embankments, and trenches.
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Railroads: A selection is indicated here in a category of
nineteen railroad and railroad-qualifying items, such as
trackage and gages, motive power, tunnels, fills and cuts,
passes and bridges, spurs, cable lines, lines dismantled, etc.
Motor Highways and Roads: In this category roads are
analyzed as to classification, surface material, sub-struc-
ture, gradients, bridges and obstructions, fences, walls, and
trees along right-of-way. This category also includes
tracks, trails, winter trails, and caravan trails.
Gardens, Industrial Plantations: Included here are
parks, orchards, vineyards, nurseries, and larger planta-
tions of rice, cotton, tobacco, etc.
Forests : Besides showing the location of the two main
genera of trees, burned-out or cut-over areas are indicated,
as well as age of forests, swampy forests, brushwood,
glades, etc., together with an indication as to the degree
of passability.
Meadows, Marshes, Steppes, Sandy Deserts: Various
combinations of symbols in this grouping qualify the above
break-down into areas showing actual terrain conditions.
Rivers and River Crossings: A very exhaustive symboli-
zation under this heading gives a complete picture of all
types of rivers, canals, ditches, conduits, etc., including
widths, navigability, obstacles, etc. Also shown are
bridges, ferries, landings, docks, shoals, rapids, etc.
Soils and Terrain Formations: A fairly complete listing
of relief configuration and types is indicated here. Sym-
bolization encompasses contour lines, spot elevations,
soundings, karst, areas of perpetual snow, glaciers, slopes,
rocky formations, ledges, gorges, sand and gravel condi-
tions, and mountain passes.
In the top border of the 1:100,000 scale map is usually
found the edition number, the responsible authority, sheet
number and the administrative area of the map. Appear-
ing in the lower border are the names of cartographers and
editors who prepared the map, a gradient-key diagram,
occasionally an index to adjoining sheets, a 6- or 8-kilo-
meter bar scale, a declination diagram and a short credit
note of source material.
b. Evaluation.-Considering the extent of avail-
able coverage, the exhaustive symbolization and the com-
pilation material involved, the 1:100,000 USSR map is the
best large-scale map for over-all topographic purposes.
In any case, the user should consider the economic changes
which have occurred since these maps were published.
To date, the accuracy of contouring has not been
checked, but it seems that errors probably exist, inasmuch
as all the original surveys were not based on the same
geodetic data.
In their eastern advance, the German Army surveyors
were able to check a portion of the USSR 1:100,000 map
with the following results:
Trigonometric points . . . . ? 20 m.
Remainder of the point field . , . -?- 40-60 m.
Accuracy, of contour lines . . . . ? 2.5 m.
2. EUROPEAN USSR, 1:100,000 GENERAL STAFF, GER-
MAN ARMY, TROOP AND SPECIAL EDITIONS
a. Description.-In the German attempt to pro-
duce an outstanding troop map of the USSR, at 1:100,000
scale during the early stages of World War II from good
captured base maps, it was necessary to use odd-scale mis-
cellaneous maps for preliminary compilation. The result-
ing maps, called "Special Editions," were used until such
time as newly captured USSR maps, gradually made avail-
able, enabled the Germans to supplant this edition with
well-based Troop Editions.
Original
Page XIII-9
The maps are geographically similar to their Soviet
counterparts, with the same type of projection and mili-
tary grid net.
The original Special Editions were compiled of necessity
from all types of map sources, including USSR 1:100,000,,
1:200,000, 1:500,000, 1:84,000 and 1:420,000. Finnish
maps at 1:50,000, 1:100,000 and 1:400,000 were also used.
in border areas.
The early Troop Edition consisted of hasty, pirated im-
pressions of newly captured USSR maps,without transla-
tion. Gradually these sheets were revised, transliterated,
and published for troop operations. Later-dated sheets
generally indicate a USSR 1:100,000 source with occasional
sheets based on 1:50,000 maps. , As the frontier advanced,
German aerial photography .came into use and many cap-
tured maps show complete photo revision.
By and large, these maps might well be called duplicates
of the USSR 1:100,000 sheets in color and symbolization.
The only practical difference lies in the transliteration of
Russian names and abbreviations into German.
Until the Germans were able to reproduce a symboliza-
tion pamphlet guide for these maps, they printed a partial
symbol legend in each sheet border. However, the borders
of later 1943 and 1944 maps contain only source credit
note, revision area diagram, declination diagram, 6-kilo-
meter bar scale, index to adjoining sheets diagram, contour
diagram, and publisher's note.
In addition to the Troop Edition (Truppenausgab,e) and
Special Edition (Sanderausgabe) this set includes the
Zusammendrucke (combined maps) of both editions.
Aside from slight variations in border information, the
Zusammendrucke sheets carried identical information and
simply covered a greater area; strategic planning, no
doubt, was the reason for their appearance.
b. Evaluation.-Wherever possible, ,these maps
should be compared individually with the Soviet originals
in order to avail a selection of desired pertinent informa-
tion.
Where the Germans simply made a photo-lith copy of
the original captured USSR map, the latter should be given
primary consideration, inasmuch as some detail was lost
and original drafting became somewhat indistinct in re-
production.
When only the German map is available, it should be
used with caution determined by the extent of-information
given in the credit note.
In many cases, through control of territory or aided by
aerial photography, the Germans were able to improve on
the factual and planimetric representation of the original
Soviet maps; however, this may best be judged after an
individual sheet examination.
(f) Maps at scale of 1:50,000
1. EUROPEAN USSR, 1:50,000, GENERAL STAFF, RED
a. Description.-This is the largest-scale set pro-
duced by the Soviets as a correlated series prior to 1938,
published for practical military application at close range.
It is still in production.
Individual maps were compiled from combined surveys
and available material dated from 1891 to 1933 with many
later revisions and recompilations. Survey bases used in
compilation included material at scales of 1:21,000, 1:42,-
000, 1:25,000, and 1:50,000. Certain sheets were revised
from 1:50,000 and 1:100,000 field reconnaissance, and
others were photo-corrected from interpolations at the,
scales of 1:10,000, 1:50,000, and 1:100,000.
The map series was constructed on the Gauss-Kruger
projection, using Prime Meridian Greenwich, together with
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JANIS 40 omw
a 1,000-meter military grid pattern. Geographically the
individual maps cover an area 15' E - W by 10' N - S,
fitting I.M.W. sheet lines. At this sheet size it requires 576
1:50,000-scale maps to make one standard Million Map.
Portrayal of general relief is by contour lines at 10-meter
intervals with 5-meter auxiliaries in flat or steep areas.
Geodetic control, particularly on later maps, is profuse.
Some sheets, compiled during the transition from the
old verst maps, and published by U.V.T. (Administration
of Military Topographers) about 1934, retained the orig-
inal contouring at 4-sazhen (8.53 meters) intervals. How-
ever, these maps carry a metric conversion graph in the
border to facilitate altitude reading. In the body of the
map, the contours are labeled to the nearest meter, such
as 213 or 222. These maps are mentioned because an
occasional one is needed to fill a gap in the standard set.
For description of the map proper see previous descrip-
tion for the 1:100,000, USSR maps, 131, A, (2), (e), 1,
and 2.
The only material difference in the sheet border is the
bar scale which in this case is for two and four kilometers.
b. Evaluation.-For clarification of topographic
detail the 1:50,000 set is a valuable companion to the
1: 100,000 scale close-range sheet. It is also possible, in
some cases, that the 1:50,000 sheets may contain later
revisions than indicated on the available smaller-scale
maps covering the same territory.
2. GERMAN ARMY MAP, TROOP EDITION (DEUTSCHE
HEERESKARTE), USSR, 1:50,000, GENERAL STAFF, GERMAN
ARMY
a. Description.-The first 1:50,000 maps of USSR
territory, published by the Germans, were monochrome
printings of original captured maps, mostly of early vin-
tage. In their haste to print them, the Germans were able
to insert only a few name transliterations, a warning re-
garding the military grid, and a reproduction date.
Gradually an improved series of maps was compiled.
using USSR 1:50,000 and 1:100,000 bases dating mainly
from 1923 to 1929. Communications were corrected from
1:500,000 maps of later date, and a substantial amount of
photo-revision was done from air-photo data up to the end
of the war.
The Gauss-Kruger projection and military grid were re-
tained with the addition of 'an orange overprint accentuat-
ing grid lines.
Nomenclature of the maps of later date has been entirely
transliterated.. For a comprehensive description of the
character of the map proper see that written for the USSR
1:100,000 map previously appraised, 131, A, (2), (e), 1,
and 2.
The sheet border is substantially similar, in detail, to
the border of the smaller-scale German 1: 100,000 map,
with the exception of the bar scale, which is of 4-kilometer
length.
b. Evaluation.-The value of this series as a
whole is not great. Individual maps may be of extreme
importance, primarily when the Soviet counterpart is not
available.
Certain sheets which carry revision detail of later date,
particularly when obtained from acceptable sources such
as aerial photography, may well have a positive value
beyond any other available map, depending entirely on the
type of information sought.
B. Aeronautical charts
The USAF Aeronautical Chart Service is responsible for
all aeronautical charts of western USSR produced in the
United States, except the V-30 series of the U.S. Hydro-
graphic Office. The Army Map Service, however, has re-
printed the British Europe (Air) series at 1:500,000 and
1:250,000, but these large-scale charts provide only partial
coverage of the area. The most useful aeronautical charts
are three series published by the Aeronautical Chart Serv-
ice: the World Aeronautical Chart series at 1:1,000,000 for
large-scale coverage, the Aeronautical Planning Chart
series at 1:5,000,000 for strategic planning, and the USAF
Equidistant Chart Centered near Sverdlovsk, USSR at
1:24,327,708 for its highly specialized use.
In the following discussion aeronautical charts are listed
according to scale, the smallest scale being considered first.
German and locally produced air charts are omitted be-
cause they add little to the information given on the maps
selected. Any additional information they may contain
is being used in the revision or recompilation of USAF
maps at all scales.
(1) The Aeronautical Planning Chart series, 1:5,000,000;
USAF Aeronautical Chart Service
These sheets described-Russia 5W, base compiled July
1945; aeronautical information September 1945; isogonic
data 1945 and Iran 12W, base compiled March 1945; aero-
nautical information February 1946; isogonic data 1943-
are on the Lambert conformal conic projection with a
1-degree grid. The base shows hydrographic features in
excellent detail, gradient tints, spot elevations in feet, rail-
roads, roads, international boundaries and boundaries of
union republics as of 1937, cities classified roughly by size,
and a table of geographic equivalents. Airports are classi-
fied as land or sea bases and according to administration,
facilities, and length of longest runway. The quality and
extent of railroads and roads is somewhat exaggerated.
Original USSR maps without supporting trimetrogon
air surveys were used for most of the Soviet Union. Re-
vised editions of the 1: 5,000,000 series are planned, but not
for release in the immediate future. The new editions will
be compiled from the World Aeronautical Chart series at
1:1,000,000.
(2) The Long Range Air Navigation Chart series,
1:3,000,000; USAF Aeronautical Chart Service
This series contains the following maps:
No. 5, Scandinavia; base data compiled February 1944, revised
April 1945; aeronautical information July 1945; Lambert
conformal conic projection, magnetic variation for 1943.
No. 6, Novaya Zemlya; base compiled March 1944; aeronauti-
cal information April 1944; Lambert conformal conic pro-
jection.
No. 14, Western Europe; base compiled January 1944; aero-
nautical information May 1944; Mercator projection with
true scale along 50? N.
No. 15, Caspian Sea; base compiled March 1944, aeronautical
information April 1944; Mercator projection with true scale
along latitude 50? N.
Detailed radio and airport information is presented on
a base showing contour gradients, spot elevations in feet,
1938 international boundaries, towns classified by popula-
tion, railroads, and generalized hydrography. The draft-
ing is poor, especially for the larger rivers, newly estab-
lished Soviet cities are omitted, and the alignment of
recently constructed railroads is inaccurate.
(3) The V-30 Air Navigation Chart series, 1:2,188,800;
U. S. Hydrographic Office
These naval plotting charts, sheets 4, 6, 14, and 15, are
on the Mercator projection. The base for sheets 4, 6, and
Original
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15.was compiled in 1943; that for sheet 14 in 1946. Aero-
nautical data are for the period 1943-47. Shorelines and
elevations show conspicuously on a background giving
rivers, contour lines at 1,000-foot intervals, cities, and in-
ternational boundaries. Magnetic variation is shown.
Twelve types of land and seaplane bases are indicated and
described according to length of longest runway and radio
facilities.
(4) The World Aeronautical Chart series, 1:1,000,000;
USAF Aeronautical Chart Service
Twenty-eight sheets on the Lambert conformal conic
projection cover the entire area. The base was compiled
in 1944-45; the aeronautical data, 1944-47.
Spot elevations in feet and gradient tints give elevation
in western USSR with the exception of relatively small
areas in the northeastern part of European USSR, where
hachures are used. In addition to navigation lights, radio
stations and detailed aiifield data, all sheets show rail-
roads, three types of roads, and towns classified by popu-
lation. International and union republic boundaries as
of `1937 appear on all sheets and oblast boundaries on
some.
The sheets are not consistent with each other or within
themselves. On a single sheet the legends and contents
of the map do not always agree. Internal boundaries
should be given on all sheets of the set or on none. The
Murmansk railroad, shown on the other sheets, has not
been continued on sheet 51. This error is corrected on
the new base as of 1946. Town classification of smaller
places, alinement of newer railroads, and road classifi-
cation are not adequate. In spite of these criticisms, a
high degree of selectivity has been maintained throughout
the set; and, for the most part, recent large-scale source
material has been used in compilation. The latest edi-
tions show considerable improvements in the presentation
of physical as well as cultural detail.
Since no trimetrogon photography or flight checking
is available for the USSR, it is difficult to evaluate relia-
bility of these charts. The program of chart revision now
in progress involves a .careful. evaluation of all new source
material and the inclusion of whatever data seems
pertinent.
(5) The USAF Pilotage Chart series, 1:500,000; USAF
Aeronautical Chart Service
The 24 sheets of this set cover all European USSR south
of 56?N and west of 38?30'E; base compiled 1943-45; mag-
netic variation for 1943; aeronautical data 1945-46; Lam-
bert conformal conic projection. Hydrographic features
and contour gradients are shown in considerable detail.
Spot elevations are in feet; towns are classified according
to population; and distinction is made between single- and
double-track railroads, and between primary and second-
ary roads. Type and symbols used in the legend to desig-
nate different classes of towns are not always consistent
with those used on the charts. Except for Memel, which
is shown as part of East Prussia, international and repub-
lic boundaries shown are as of 1937.
Although these sheets at 1:500,000 are not being cur-
rently revised, they are of great value because of their
large scale, the large extent of area covered, clarity, and
high degree of reliability.
(6) Europe (Air) series, 1:500,000; GSGS 4072
This set covers the Baltic States together with the area
south of '56?20'N and west of 38?20'E. Fifteen sheets of
Original
Page XIII-11
the Baltic States and the area west of 28?20'E were pre-
pared by the British War Office, 1942-44; the others in
July 1944 by Palestine Field Survey Company, Royal
Engineers. All 27 sheets were published as. GSGS 4072
and reprinted by the U. S. Army Map Service, 1943-45.
Four classes of roads and three of railroads, gradient tints,
and spot elevations in meters are shown. Isobaths, with
depths in fathoms, cover the coastal waters west of Narva.
Woods are indicated only for the Baltic and other areas
west of 28?20'E. Sheets covering the area south of 56?20'N
between 30?20'E and 38?20'E are enlargements of the
1:1,000,000 maps. On these eastern sheets, drainage and
other physical features are crudely presented, and the
town-classification and internal-boundary symbols given
in the legends differ radically from those shown on the
maps. Throughout the set, roads are classified as major
or minor in the legend but not on the maps. Interna-'
tional boundaries are for 1937 except on the Danzig sheet,
which uses 1939 boundaries, and on a few other sheets,
which omit the Poland-USSR boundary. On these latter
sheets use of Polish and USSR names follows the pre-1939
territorial alinement. Air information is more detailed
for sheets west of 28?20'E than for those farther east.
In general, presentation is not clear and the entire series
is deficient in aeronautical information. Magnetic dec-
lination and British military grid are carried throughout.
(7) Europe (Air) series, 1:250,000; GSGS 3982
Only a small area along the current Poland-USSR
border north of 50?N is covered by these 10 sheets, pre-
pared by Great Britain, War Office, 1938-43; published as
GSGS 3982 and reprinted by Army Map Service, 1942-44.
The series has been discontinued and is not being replaced
by air maps at a similar scale.
All sheets show gradient tints, spot heights in meters,
woods, magnetic declination, and pre-1939 international
boundaries. On the Bialystok sheet, boundaries are given
on an inset. All except the Danzig sheet have military
grids. The three northern sheets distinguish four types
of roads and three of railroads. Other sheets give two
classes of roads and of railroads. Towns are classified
according to relative importance or population, but the
difference between the two types of classification is slight.
The legend on many of the sheets includes an impressive
amount of detailed air information, but data actually
shown on the maps are scant for the Baltic coastal region.
(8) USAF Equidistant Chart Centered near Sverdlovsk,
USSR ZD9 (ZD9N-Nomograph); 1:24,327,708, September
1946; USAF Aeronautical Chart Service
This azimuthal equidistant chart covers the territory
within a radius of 5,300 nautical miles from 57?N, 60?E.
International boundaries are for 1946 and in most cases
favor the powers currently in control of disputed areas.
Detail of hydrographic features and cities shown becomes
increasingly sparse toward the periphery of the chart.
Great Circle courses and distances between two points
remote from the center of construction may be determined
with the nomograph made for the chart. ZD9-1 shows
1,000-mile concentric circles around Sverdlovsk. This
overprint is omitted on ZD9.
(9) Special Air Navigation Chart, S-140 England-India,
1:5,000,000 along 40? N; USAF Aeronautical Chart Service
The base for this chart was compiled November 1944,
aeronautical information December 1944, isogonic data
1943.
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JANIS 40
The Mercator projection with a 1-degree grid is used.
The chart extends northward to 53?N.. Both hydro-
graphic features and gradient tints are highly generalized.
International boundaries given are for different dates in
the late 1930's: Spot elevations in feet, railroads poorly
selected and in many cases inaccurately located, and towns
classified by population are included on the base. Al-
though aeronautical and radio facilities are presented in
considerable detail, these data are to a large extent out
of date.
(10) Special Air Navigation Chart series, 1:1,000,000
along 56? N; USAF Aeronautical Chart Service
The two charts described are, S-122 Kiev to Berlin: base
compiled June 1944, aeronautical information June 1944,
isogonic data 1943; and S-123 Budapest to Sevastopol':
base compiled August 1944, aeronautical information, May
1944, isogonic data :1944.
Both of these, charts are on the Mercator projection with
10' grids. Detailed hydrographic features, gradient tints
of form-line accuracy, spot elevations in feet, single- and
double-track railroads, mines, towns classified roughly by
importance, and international boundaries as of 1937 are
shown. Special air information given consists of three
types of air bases, marine navigation lights, and radio
broadcasting stations.
C. Hyrographic charts
Th,hydrographic charts described in this section are
limited in general to the official charts of the countries
responsible for the most recent surveys or corrections. As
a result, USSR charts predominate except for the Baltic
area. The U.S. Hydrographic Office, however, has issued
emergency reproductions of the British Admiralty charts
and a few original charts. Together they cover the Mur-
man Coast, and the White, Baltic, and Black Sea coasts
of the USSR (including major harbors). Since these
charts follow the standard pattern and are listed in the
catalog of the Hydrographic Office, only those based on
recent Soviet surveys are noted specifically. Current cor-
rections, use of the English language, and ready availa-
bility make the U.S. charts particularly useful. In some
cases, it may be advisable to compare these charts with
their foreign counterparts, especially for geographic posi-
tion and cultural features.
The British, in addition, issue some large-scale charts
of Soviet ports, which are based on older, unrevised Rus-
sian surveys. Consequently the charts are of doubtful
value. The same is true of the older, unrevised Russian
charts. Both have been omitted from this discussion.
A large number of German, Finnish, Latvian, and Esto-
nian charts are listed for the Baltic area, partly because
annexations in the area have been too recent to permit
extensive Soviet surveys and partly because the USSR has
shown an unwillingness to share information with other
countries. Comparatively recent, small-scale charts of
the entire Baltic coast have been issued by the USSR and
Germany. Medium-scale German charts at 1:500,000 and
1:400,000 and larger-scale German charts at 1:200,000
and 1: 150,000 also cover the entire coast. Finnish charts
at 1:285,012 are limited to the Gulf of Finland. The
Latvian and Estonian charts listed are all at large scale
and cover only comparatively small sections of the south-
ern Baltic coast.
Except for Gavan' Pyarnu (Parnu Harbor), 1:10,000,
USSR No. 4129, and Dantsigskaga Bukhta (Danzig Bay),
1:100,000, USSR No. 4064, the Soviet charts are less de-
tailed than those of ' other nations. The first of - these
charts shows considerably more detail than Latvia No. 9
from which it was taken. The additional material may
have come directly from the Latvian Hydrographic Office
after the Soviet seizure of that country. The second chart
shows topography in great detail. If similar information
is available for other Soviet areas, it has been carefully
concealed from Americans.
Actual evidence of Soviet restrictions concerning infor-
mation on their territorial waters is provided by the Ger-
man reprints of Yuokankskiye Ostrova (Yuokankskiye
Island), 1:25,000, USSR No. 2523, and Yugorskiy Shar
(Yugovskiy Strait), 1:50,000, USSR No. 1570, as well as
by the large-scale German compilations for the Leningrad
area. The details shown on all of these charts were taken
from Soviet charts that have never been listed in Soviet
hydrographic catalogs or exchanged with the United
States. Another type of restriction is illustrated by
Dvinskiy Zaliv (Dvina Gulf), 1:200,000, USSR No. 1660,
corrected 1943. The chart omits the port of Molotovsk,
although American merchant marine captains were using
the port at the time the chart was issued.
All of the nautical charts described in this section have
some features in common. All show aids to navigation,
such as lights. Heights and depths are given in meters
unless otherwise noted. Sounding in Arctic waters are
reduced to lowest low water, except on small-scale charts
where such reductions would be lost in generalization and
on charts of the Vaygach island sector, for which all sur-
veys seem to be preliminary. In other waters, tides are of
little or no significance and soundings are reduced to
average mean low water level. All charts carry subma-
rine contours. For at least a short distance inland, they
include drainage, place names, towns, and on the larger-
scale charts individual buildings. Absence of cultural fea-
tures on charts indicates that they are non-existent, as in
the more remote parts of the Arctic coast. International
boundaries given are those used by the issuing country at
the date of issue or correction. Unless otherwise indi-
cated, all of the maps described use the Mercator pro-
jection.
The charts described in TABLES XIII-1 to XIII-5 cover the
USSR coastal waters but do not include Novaya Zemlya
or Franz Josef Land. Because the coastal waters are not
continuous, they have been divided into five major
areas-the Arctic Ocean (TABLE XIII-1), the Baltic Sea
(TABLE XIII-2), the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov (TABLE
XIII-3), the Caspian Sea (TABLE XIII-4), and the inland
lakes (TABLE XIII-5). Because of the great number of
large-scale charts available, the Arctic is further subdi-
vided into the Murman Coast, the White Sea, and the
coast east of the White Sea. Each of the inland lakes
is considered separately.
Under the major and minor subdivisions, the charts are
grouped first by the country of issue, and then listed
according to scale, the smallest-scale charts being con-
sidered first.
Each chart is described according to scale, title, pub-
lisher, date of compilation or latest edition, date of latest
correction, language used, date of magnetic variation,
method of presenting terrain, area covered, and source
material used in compilation.
Original
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TABLE X111 -- 1.
ARCTIC OCEAN HYDROGRAPHIC CHARTS
Page X111-13I
Mag-
Scale
Title .
Issue `
Correc-
netic
Surface
Description
tion
varia-
features
tion
1. U. S. IIYDROGRAPHIC CIIARTS:*
1:226,290 Mezenski Gulf. No. 2271
at 66?30'
1946
1947
1946
Cliffs, hachure
spot cleva-
Area 65?45' to 67?20'N; 42?15' to 44?45"
E. From Soviet charts to 1946.
1:226,290 The Gorlo. Inset: Sosnovskaya Strait,
1944
1947
1946
tions
Hachures, spot
elevations
Area 66? to 67?N; 38?45' to 42?45'E..
From 1942 Soviet charts, corrected to
1:225,000 White Sea, Sheet II. Inset: Tri Ostrova,
1946
1947
1946
Hachures, spot
1944.
Area 66?55' to 67?55'N; 40?15' to 44?20"
at 67?30' 1:50,000. No. 2270
elevations
E. From Soviet charts to 1946.
1:208,060 Chyorny Point to Bol'shoy Gorodyetski
at 68? Point. No. 2269
1:206,000 Mali Oleni I. to C. Cherni. Insets: Voronya
Spot elevations
Area 67?35' to 68?32'N; 38?35' to 42?37''
E. From Soviet charts to 1941.
Area 68?17'30" to 69?18'30"N; 34?33' to
at 68?50' and Gavrilovskaya Bays, 1:30,000; Pod-
pakhta Bay, 1:25,000; Teriberskaya Bay,
1:25,000; Rinda Bay, 1:12,500; Bol'shoy
Oleni Road, 1:50,000; Semiostrovski
Road, 1:100,000; Shelpinskaya Bay,
1:25,000; Vostochnaya Litsa Bay,
1:25,000. No. 2334
38?44'E. From Soviet charts to 1935.
1:200,000 Majakkaniemi to Bol'shoy Olyen I. No.
1942
1942
1942
Form lines
Area 68?57' to 70?5'N; 31?50' to 36?46'.E.
at 69?30'
2318
From 1939 Soviet charts corrected to
1942.
1:196,000 Va
ranger Fjord to Mali Oleni Island. No.
1939
1946
1939
Hachures, spot
Area 69?13' to 70?12'N; 30?47' to 34?50'E.
2.
SOVIET CHARTS:**
a. Small-scale charts of entire Arctic Coast:
1:2,200,000
Barentsovo more of Shpitsbergena do
1939
1944
1945
Area 66? to 83?N; 10? to 68?E.. From
at 75?
Novoy Zemli (Barents Sea from Spitz-
Soviet charts. Glaciers.
bergen to Novaya Zemlya). USSR No.
2529
1:750,000
Ot mysa Nordkap do mayaka Gorodetskiy
1936
1943
1940
Area 67?30' to 72?N; 25? to 44?30'E.
at 69?
(From North Cape to Gorodetskiy
From Soviet expeditions to 1933 and
1:750,000
Light). USSR No. 1565
Beloye More (White Sea). USSR No.
1934
1943
1940
Spot elevations
Norwegian charts corrected to 1933. .
Area 63?45' to 68?45'N; 31?40' to 45?10'E.
at 66?
1333
From Soviet surveysto 1933 and topo-
1:750,000
Ot mayaka Gorodetskogo do Yugovskogo
graphic maps to 1934. Railroads.
Area 66?40' to 71?37'N; 40?55' to 60?36'E.
at 69?
Shara (From Gorodetskiy Light to Yu-
From Soviet charts incorporating sur-
b. Medium- and
gorskiy Strait). USSR No. 1666
large-scale charts of the Murman Coast:
veys through 193.6.
1:200,000
Ot mayaka Makkaur do mayaka Tsypnov-
1934
1942
1940
Ilachures, spot
Area 69?3.0' to 70?45'N; 28?30' to 33?25'E.
at 69?
olokskiy s Varangerf'ordom (From Mak-
(the
elevations
From Soviet, ii orwegian, and Finnish
kaur Light to Tsypnovolokskiy Light
last
charts. Roads, railroads. ,
with Varanger Fjord). Insets: Ostrova
two
Varde (Vardo Island), 1:50,000; Pod-
khody gorodu Vadse (approaches to the
town of Vadso), 1:50,000; Cavan'
Liinakhamarin Satama (Liinahamarin
Harbor), 1:20,000; Bukhta Potsamon-
insets
com-
piled
in
1939)
L :200,000
vuono (Petsamonvuono Bay), 1:60,000.
USSR No. 1320
Ot mayaka Vaydagubskogo do ostrova
Area 68?52' to 70?10'N; 31?50' to 36?45'E.
at 69?
Bol'shoy Olcniy (From Vaydagubskiy
From Soviet surveys to 1930.
Light to Bol'shoy Oleniy Island). USSR
No. 1434
1:100,000
Ot mayaka Tsypnavolokskogo do ostrova
1940
1942
1940
Spot elevations
Area 69?10' to 69?45'N; 31?50' to 34?25'E.
at 69?
Kil'din s Motovskim zalivom (From
From Soviet surveys and charts. Roads,
1:200,000
at 69?
with Motovskiy Gulf). Insets: Vkhod v
gubu Vichany (Entrance to Vichani
Bay), 1:50,000; Yakornoye mesto v
ostrovakh Vichany (Anchorage on .Vi-
chani Island), 1:25,000. USSR. No. 2514
Ot mayaka Gavrilovskogo do Svyatogo
Nosa (From Gavrilovskiy Light to
Svatoy Nos). Inset: Guba Zolotaya
(Zolotaya Bay), 1:10,000. USSR No.
1341
Area 68? to 69?20'.N; 35?45' to 40?40'E.
From Soviet surveys to 1934 with addi-
tional work to 1940. Prohibited areas.
* United States IIydrographic Office emergency reproductions of British Admiralty charts. Only those compiled from recent Soviet charts are listed.
See U. S. II. 0. catalog for charts based on older source material. Depths are in fathoms below lowest possible low water and heights are in feet., Special
tidal data tables are carried on each chart.
** All charts published in Russian by the Gidrograficheskoye Upravleniye Voyenno-Morskogo Flota Soyuza SSR (Ilydrographic Administration of
the Soviet Navy).
Original
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 Page XIII-14
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JANIS 40 _01111 PFFFMOM
Mag-
Scale Scale
Title
Issue
Correc-
netie
Surface
Description
tion
varia-
features
Lion
SOVIiT CHARTS (Continued):
b. Medium- and large-scale charts of the Murman Coast (Continued) :
1:100,000 Ot mayaka Tsypnavolokskiy do ostrova
1940
1943
1940
Relief shading,
at 69? Kil'din s Kol'skim zalivom (From
spot eleva-
Tsypnavolokskiy Light to Kil'din Island
tions
with Kola Bay). USSR No. 2515
1:100,000 Ot ostrova Kil'din do ostrova Bol'shoy
1940
1940
1940
Relief shading,
at 69? Oleniy (From Kil'din Island to Bol'shoy
spot eleva-
Oleniy Island). USSR No. 2516
tions
1:50,000 Semiostrovskiy reyd (Semiostrovskiy
1933
1942
....
Hachures, spot
at 69? Road). USSR No. 1142
elevations
1:25,000 Yuokanskiye ostrova (Yuokankskiye
1939
....
1940
at 69? Island). USSR No. 2523
c. Medium- and large-scale charts of White Sea:
1:250,000
Vostochnaya chast' Belogo morya, Dvin-
1933
1941
1940
at 66?
skiy zaliv (Eastern part of the White
Sea, Dvina Gulf). Inset: Ust'ye reki
Varzugi (Mouth of the Varzuga River),
1:50,000. USSR No. 1216
Inset: Pod-
f One
lf
g
a)
.
u
o
ea an
d G
S
khod k seleniyu Lyamtsy (Approach to
the village of Lyamtsa), 1:25,000.
USSR No. 1159
1:200,000 Ot mayaka Svyatoy Nos do mayaka Sos-
at 66? novetskogo (From Svyatoy Nos Light to
Sosnovets Light). USSR No. 1460
at 66? Keretskogo (From Voronovskiy Light to
Keretskiy Light). USSR No. 2511
at 66? Navolok (From Sharopov Light to
Ukht-Navolok Light). USSR No. 2545
1:200,000 Kandalakshskiy zaliv (Kandalaksha Gulf).
at 66? USSR No. 2504
1:200,000 Dvinskiy zaliv (Dvina Gulf). USSR No.
at 66? 1660
1:200,000 Gorlo Belogo morya i mezenskiy zaliv
at 66? (The Throat of the White Sea and Gulf
of Mezen). Insets: Reyd ostrova Sos-
novets (Sosnovets Island Roadstead),
1:50,000; Tri Ostrova (Three Islands),
1:50,000. USSR No. 2547.
1:50,000 Ot mysa Kostyleva do ostrova Sidorova
at 66? (From Kostylev Cape to Sidorov Island).
USSR No. 2502
1:50,000 Ot mysa Ostrovskogo do ostrovov Salina-
at 66? Ludy (From Cape Ostrovskoy to the
Salma Luda Islands). USSR No. 2539
1:50,000 Ot ostrova Kondostrov do ostrova Mya-
at 66? gostrov (From Kondostrov Island to
Myagostrov Island). USSR No. 2538
1:50,000 Ot Ponomareva Nosa do mysa Sosnovyy
at 66? Navolok (From Ponomarev Nos to Cape
Sosnovyy Navolok). USSR No. 2540
1:50,000 Onezhskiy rcyd i vkhody v reku Oncgu
at 66? (Onega roadstead and entrance to the
Onega River). USSR No. 1803
1:50,000 Farvater po yuzhnuyu storonu ostrova
at 66? Zhizhginskogo (The channel along the
south side of Zhizhgin Island). USSR
No. 709
1:50,000 Ust'ye rck Mezeni i Kuloya i podkhody k
at 66? nim (Mouths and approaches to the
Mezen and Kuloy Rivers). USSR No.
1358
at 66? skiy zaliv (Western part of the White
1937
1942
1940
1940
1943
1940
1.937
1943
1940
Cliffs
1941
1943
1940
Ilachures, spot
elevations
1939
1943
1940
1940
1944
1945
Ilachures
1940
1944 .
1945
IIachures
1940
1941
1940
Ilachures
1940
1943
1940
Hachures
1939
1941
1940
Hachures
1934
1935
1935
Cliffs
Area 68?52' to 69?45'N; 32?46' to 34?26'E.
From Soviet charts. Vegetation, zones
of prohibited anchorage and trawling.
Area 69?3' to 69?38'N; 33?56' to 36?26'E.
From Soviet surveys to 1930.
Area 68?36' to 68?54'N; 37?9' to 37?55'E.
From Soviet surveys 1930-31.
Area 67?59'30" to 68?6'30"N; 39?24'30"
to 39?39'30"E. From Soviet surveys
of 1935. German print gives alternative
names and explanations in German, and
table of Russian symbols and abbrevia-
tions translated into German.
Area 64?30' to 66?40'N; 36?45' to 40?50'E.
From Soviet surveys to 1932. Vegeta-
tion.
Area 63?45' to 66?N; 34?10' to 38?25'E.
From Soviet surveys to 1931. Vegeta-
tion.
Area 66?30' to 68?15'N; 39?35' to 42?40'E.
From Soviet surveys and charts.
Area 65?19' to 66?35'N; 37?46' to 42?20'E.
From Soviet surveys and charts. Vege-
tation.
Area 65?5' to 66?31'45"N; 34? to 38?43'E.
From Soviet surveys 1937-39 and charts
printed in 1940-41.
Area 66?12' to 67'11'N; 31?56' to 35?23' E.
From Soviet surveys of 1933-38.
Area 64?25' to 65?40'N; 36?40' to 40?50'E.
From Soviet surveys of 1936 with addi-
tional detail on Onezhskaya Guba (Gulf
of Onega) shoreline for 1939. Vegeta-
tion.
Area 65?57' to 67?21'N; 40? to 44?43'E.
From Soviet surveys to 1940.
Area 66?21'15" to 66?41'N; 32?46' to
33?55'20"E. From Soviet surveys of
1933 and 1935.
Area 64?:11' to 64?33'N; 35?32' to 36?13'
E. From Russian surveys of 1895-
1908. Vegetation.
Area 64?7' to 64?23'N; 36? to 36?54'E.
From Russian surveys of 1895-1908.
Vegetation.
Area 63?53' to 64?9'N; 36?6' to 37?E.
From Russian surveys of 1896-1911.
Vegetation.
Area 63?52'44" to 64?6'N; 37?38' to
38?8'E. From Russian surveys of 1886-
90. Roads, vegetation.
Area 65?8' to 65?17'N; 36?41' to 37?2'E.
From Russian surveys of 1905 and Soviet
surveys of 1937. Vegetation.
Area 65?49' to 66?20'N; 43?30' to 44?20'E.
From Soviet surveys to 1934. Vegeta-
tion. Conversion table-meters, sazhen,
and feet.
Original
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MAP APPRAISAL
Page XIII-15
Mag-
Scale
Title
Issue
Correc-
netic
Surface
Description
tion
varia-
features
tion
c, Medium- and large-scale charts of White Sea (Continued) :
1:42,000 Ot ostrova Salma-Ludy do Shuyostrova 1916
at 64?30' (From Salma-Luda to Shuvostrov).
USSR No. 955
1:21,000 Ostrova Kuzova (Kuzov Islands). USSR 1910
at 64?56' No. 777
1:21,000 Farvatery k seleniyu Shuya (Channel to 1905
Shut' village). USSR No. 659
1943
1943
1940
1940
Hachures
Form lines, spot
elevations in
feet
Area 64?30' to 64?46'N; 34?45' to 35?39'E.
From Russian surveys of 1.887-1906.
Soundings in feet. Conversion table-
feet to meters. Vegetation.
Area 64?53' to 64?59'N; 34?56' to 35?20'E.
From Russian surveys of 1890-1906.
Soundings in feet. Conversion table-
feet to meters. Vegetation.
Area 64?41' to 64?54'N; 34?42' to 35?8'E.
From Russian survey of 1904. Sound-
ings in feet. Conversion tables-sazhen,
feet and meters.
Area 64?33'30" to 64?36'42"N; 39?42' to
39'48'36"E. This chart is classified as
confidential. It was compiled about
d. Medium- and large-scale charts of coast cast of the White Sea:
:1942 from Soviet surveys of that date.
1:250,000
Kaninskaya Zemlya s severnoy chast'-yu
1032
.1943
1940
Hachures, spot
Area 67?7' to 68?55'N; 42?35' to 48?55'E.
at 69?
Chcshskoy guby (Kaninskaya Zemlya
1:250,000
with the northern part of Cheshskaya
Bay). USSR No. 1143
Podkhody k prolivam Karskiye Vorota i
1942
1944
1940
Hachures, spot
Area 69?20'to 71?13'N; 54?20'to 62?30'E.
at 75?
Yugorskiy shar (Approaches to Kara
elevations
From Soviet surveys to 1940.
1:200,000
and Yugorskiy Straits). USSR No. 2549
Ot m.ysa Russkiy Zavorot do o-va Mat-
1940
1941
1940
Relief shading,
Area 68?25' to 69?40'N; 53?44' to 58?58'E.
at 69?
veyev s Pechorskim zalivom (From Cape
spot eleva-
From old charts and surveys to 1930.
Russkiy Zavorot to Matveyev Island
with the Gulf of Pechora). USSR No.
2522
lions.
1:200,000
Ot ostrova Varandeya do Yugorskogo shara
1939
1944
1940
Hachures
Area 68?47' to 69?43'N; 57?48' to 61?10'E.
at 69?
(From Varandey Island to Yugorskiy
From Soviet surveys of 1934-35 and old
1:200,000
Strait). USSR No. 2617
Yuzhnaya chasC Karskogo morya of
1936
1944
1940
Hachures
charts.
Area 69? to 70?45'N; 60?25'to 67?25'E.
at 75?
Yugorskogo shara do Baydaratskoy
From Soviet surveys to 1936.
guby (Southern part of the Kara Sea
from Yugorskiy Strait to Baydaratskaya
Bay). Inset: Podkhod k ust'yu reki
Marre Yaga (Approach to the mouth of
.the Marre Yaga River), 1:25,000.
USSR No. 2608
1:150,000
Reka Pechora. Ot ust'ya do goroda
1940
1941
1940
Hachures
at 69?
Nar'yan-Mara (Pechora River. From
the mouth to the town of Naryan Mar).
USSR No. 1095
1:50,000
Bolvanskaya guba v limane reki Pechory
1939
1943
1940
Cliffs
Area 68?8'S" to 68?20'5"N; 54?28'48" to
at 69?
(Bolvanskaya Bay in the Pechora estu-
54?58'40"E. From Russian surveys of
ary). USSR No. 492
1894.
1:50,000
Yugorskiy shar (Yugorskiy Strait). USSR
1936
....
1935
Contours
Area 69?30' to 69?55'N; 59?55' to 60?55'E.
at 70?
No. 1570
From Soviet surveys of 1934-35. Ger-
man reprint of Soviet chart with all
names also in German. Conversion
table-- meters, sazhen, and feet. List
of Russian abbreviations explained in
German.
1:50,000
Bukhta Lyamchina (Lyarnehina Bay).
1939
1941
1940
Cliffs
Area 69?41' to 69?58'N; 58?53' to 59?45'E.
69?49'30" .
USSR No. 2614
From Soviet surveys of 1935 and older
charts.
1:25,000
Plan bar a guby Kolokolkovoy (Plan of the
Bar of Kolokolkova Bay). USSR No.
1937
1940
1940
Hachures
Area 68?32' to 68?38'N; 52?3' to 52?23'E.
From Soviet surveys of 1936. Myu-
2605
fling projection.
1:25,000
Proliv Morozova i ostrov Mestnyy (Moro-
nova Strait and Mestnyy Island).
1936
1943
1940
IIachures
Area 69?48'22" to 69?52'14"N; 61?6' to
61?19'9"E. From Soviet surveys of
USSR No. 1747
1935.
1.:10,000
Podkhod k Amderme (Approach to Am-
1936
1943
1940
Area 69?45'5.47" to 69?46'52.84"N;
derma). USSR No. 1749
61?39'7.9" to 61?40'34.54"E.
Various
Guba Dyrovataya na z. beregu ostrova
1939
1943 .
1940
Cliffs, spot ele-
The first plan is on Vaygach Island and the
scales
Vaygach (Dyrovat Bay on the western
coast of Vaygach Island), 1:20,000 at
70?12'; Guba Bclush'ya (Belushya Bay),
1:40,000 at 71?30'; Bukhta Samoyed v
Belush'yey gube (Samoyed Bay within
vations
other two on Novaya Zemlya. From
old Russian surveys.
Belushya Bay). 1.:10,000 at 71?32'.
USSR No. 2618
Original
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Page XIII-16 JANIS' 40'
BALTIC SEA HYDROGRAPHIC CHARTS
Mag-
Scale
Title
Issue
Correc-
netic
Surface
Description
tion
varia-
features
tion
1. SOVIET CHARTS:*
a, Small-scale chart of entire coast:
1:1,200,000 Baltiskoe morye (The Baltic Sea). USSR 1936 1944 Russian
at 60? No. 1569 1945
b. Medium-scale charts:
1:200,000 Ot porta Ventspil's do porta Memel' (From 1933 1944 1945
at 60? the port of Ventspils to the port of
Memel). USSR No. 1229
1:200,000 Ot mayaka Ovizi do mayaka Takhkuna 1943 1943 1940
at 60? (From Ovizi Light to Takhkuna Light).
USSR No. 4148
1:200,000 Rizhskiy zaliv (Gulf of Riga). Insets: 1943 1943 1940
at 60? Port Pyarnu, 1:25,000; Gavan' Virtsu
(Virtsu Harbor), 1:10,000. USSR No.
414.9
1:200,000 Ot ostrova Khiiumaa do goroda Turku 1940 1944 1940
at 60? (From Khilumas Island to the town of
Turku). USSR No. 2154
1:200,000 Ot ostrova Degere do ostrova Gorland 1940 1943 1940 Cliffs
at 60? (From Degere Island to Gorland Island).
USSR No. 2153
1:200,000 Ot ostrova Gorland do Leningrada (From 1941 1942 1940
at 60? Gorland Island to Leningrad). USSR
No. 2152
c. Large-scale charts:
1:100,000 Dantsigskaya Bukhta (Danzig Bay). 1942 1943 Russian Contours
at 60? USSR No. 4064 1940
1:10,000 Gavan' Pyarnu (Parnu Harbor). USSR 1940 1943 Russian
at 60? No. 4129 1940
2. GERMAN CHARTS:**
a. Small-scale chart of entire coast:
1:1,500,000 Die Ostsee (The Baltic Sea). Germany, 1937 1945 German
at 53?50' No. 98 1940
b._ Medium:-scale charts:
1:500,000 Die Ostsec von Oland bis Helsinki ('.rho 1930
at 58?35' Baltic Sea from Oland to Helsinki).
Germany No. 52
1:400,000 Finnischer Meerbusen (Gulf of Finland). 1931
Germany No. 79
1:400,000 Die Ostsee von Jershoft bis Stoinort (The 1930
Baltic Sea from Jershoft to Steinort).
Germany No. 240
1:200,000 Der Rigaische Meerbusen (Gulf of Riga). 1942
at 57?45' Insets: Hainasch (Ainahi), 1:50,000;
Pornau.(Parnu), 1:40,000; Hafen Mark-
grafen (Mersraga Harbor), 1:10,000;
Ilafen Skulte (Skultes Harbor), 1:7,500.
Germany No. 15
1:150,000 Danziger Bgcht and Frisches Ilaff (Bay of 1942
Danzig and Frisches Haff). Germany
No. 51
Area 53?30' to 66?N; 9? to 31?E. From
Soviet, Finnish, Swedish, and German
charts.
Area 55?30' to 57?31'N; 19?20' to 21?35'E.
From Soviet, Swedish, and German
charts. Vegetation, roads, railroads.
Area 57?27' to 59?12'N; 20?30' to 22?45'E.
From Soviet charts. Roads, railroads.
Area 56?55' to 58?43'N; 22?5' to 24?33'E.
From Soviet charts. Roads, railroads.
Area 58?35' to 60?30'N; 21?20' to 24?E.
From Finnish and Estonian charts.
Roads, railroads.
Area 59?12' to 60?35'N; 23?29' to 27?15'E.
From Soviet charts. Roads.
Area 59?19' to 60?43'30"N; 26?50' to
30?35'E. From Soviet charts. Pro-
hibited zones.
Area 54?10' to 55?N; 18?18' to 20?13'E.
From German charts and Soviet topo-
graphic maps. Nearly all the land area
is covered with detail, including roads
and railroads.
Area 58?21'19" to 58?23'33"N; 24?26'44"
to 24?30'35"E. Enlarged from Esto-
nian chart No. 9 but additional detail not
on the 1934 edition. Street pattern.
Area 53?50' to 66?N; 9? to 30?30'E. Rail-
roads. Earlier printing has corrections
to 1943, includes magnetic variation
curves.
1945 German Hachures Area 56?40' to 60?30'N; 16?1.5' to 25?E.
1937 In two sheets. Railroads. The three-
mile limit of Sweden is overprinted
in red. Non-German geographic terms
are translated into German.
1946 German hachures, spot Area 58? 51'30" to 60?45'N; 22?34' to
1944 elevations 30?23'E. From German charts. Rail-
roads, vegetation. Glossary of non-
German terms.
1944 German Hachures, spot Area 54?16' to 57?N; 15?42' to 21?19'E.
1946 elevations From German and Swedish charts.
Railroads, vegetation.
1945 1946 Lachures Area 56?55' to 58?35'N; 22?25' to 24?40'E.
From German, Latvian, Estonian, and
Soviet charts. Railroads, vegetation,
index of larger-scale German charts of
same area, glossary of Estonian and
Latvian terms.
Hachures, spot Area 54?10' to 55?8'N; 18?15' to 20?33'E.
elevations From German surveys. Railroads, vege-
tation, index of larger-scale German
charts within the area; wrecks over-
printed in green.
* Published by Gidrograficheskoye Upravleniye V.M.F. 1:200,000 charts from Klaipeda (Memel) to Leningrad only. Russian language used ex-
clusively.
** Complete coverage of Baltic Coast by Oberkommando der Kriegsmarine Charts at 1:500,000 and 1:400,000, and at 1:200,000 and 1:150,000. Charts
at 1:500,000 and 1:400,000 include index maps of charts at larger scales.
Original
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MAP APPRAISAL
TABLE XIII - 2 (Continued)
Page XIII-17
Mag-
Scale
Title
Issue
Correc-
netic
Surface
Description
tion
varia-
features
tion
b. Medium-scale charts (Continued) :
1:150,000 Ktiste von Ostpreussen and Kurisches
Haff (Coast of East Prussia and
Kurisches Haff). Germany No. 45
1:150,000 Kiiste von Kurland, Memel bis Steinort
(Coast of Kurland, Memel to Steinort).
Inset: Pappensee, 1:10,000. Germany
No. 17
at 55?46' (Coast of Kurland, Steinort to Lyserort).
Insets: Hafen von Windau (Ventspils
Harbor), 1:20,000; Pauls Hafen (Pavil-
osta Harbor), 1:25,000 and 1:5,000.
1927 1944 1945 Hachures, spot Area 54?52' to 55?56'30"N; 19?43' to
elevations 21?23'E. From German surveys.
Topographic maps, and Memel harbor
plans. Vegetation, railroads, index of
larger-scale German charts of area;
wrecks overprinted in green.
1919 1944 1944 Hachures Area 55?43' to 56?55'N; 19?47 to 21?23'E.
From German surveys and topographic
maps, Soviet charts and topographic
maps, and Latvian charts. Roads, rail-
roads, vegetation, index of larger-scale
German charts of area.
1944 hachures Area 56?46' to 57?41'N; 20?46' to 22?21'E.
From German surveys; ?Latvian and
Soviet charts. Roads, railroads, vege-
tation.
1:150,000
at 57?56'
Germany No. 16
Westliche Einfahrt zum Rigaischen Meer-
busen (Western Entrance to the Gulf of
Riga). Inset: Hafen von Rojen (Roja
1.:150,000
at 58?48'
Harbor), 1:10,000. Germany No. 10
Nordliche Einfahrten zum Rigaischen
Meerbusen (Northern Entrances to'the
Gulf of Riga). Insets: Hafen von Hap-
sal (Haapsalu Harbor), 1:40,000; Rohu-
kiila Hafen (Rohukula Harbor), 1:12,000;
Worder Hafen (Virtsu Harbor), 1:12,000;
Orjaku Hafen (OrjakuHarbor), 1:12,000;
1942
1944
1940
Lehtma Ilafen (Lehtma Harbor),
1:10,000; Kuivaste Hafen (Kuivaste
Harbor), 1:8,000; Taaliku Hafen (Taa-
liku Harbor), 1:8,000; Heltermaa Hafen
(HeltermaaHarbor), 1:8,000; Hafen von
Kertel (Kardla Harbor), 1:8,000; Tiefen-
hafen (Suur Harbor), 1:8,000. Germany
No. 9
1:150,000
Finnischer Meerbusen, Hanko bis Helsinki
(Gulf of Finland, IIanko to Helsinki).
Germany No. 150
1935
1944
1937
Hachures
1:150,000
Finnischer Meerbusen, Helsinki bis Suur-
Saari (Gulf of Finland, Helsinki to Suur-
saari). Germany No. 151
1936
1942
1937
Hachures
1:150,000
Finnischer Meerbusen, Suursaari bis Seis-
kari (Gulf of Finland, Suursaari to Sois-
kari). Inset: Hungerburg (Narva-
JOesuu), 1:50,000. Germany No. 152
elevations
1:150,000
Finnischer Meorbusen von Seiskari bis
Leningrad (Gulf of Finland from Sciskari
Hachures, spot
elevations
to Leningrad). Germany No. 153
c. Large-scale charts:
1:100,000 Nordkiiste von Estland, Kokskar bis Koft
at 59?40'. (Northern coast of Estonia, Kokskar to
Koft). Insets: Loksa, 1:15,000; Kunda,
1:30,000. Germany No. 118
1:75,000 Danziger Bucht, Ostlicher Teil and Frisches
Haff (Danzig Bay, Eastern Part and
Frischos Haff). Insets: Seekanal, Pey-
ser Krummung (Sea channel, Peyser
Bend), 1:20,000; Seekanal, Widitter
Krummung. (Sea Channel, Widitter
Bend), 1:20,000; Seekanal von Naut-
zwinkel bis Konigsberg and Konigsberger
Rinne (Sea channel from Nautzwinkel
to Konigsberg and Konigsberg Narrow
Channel), 1:20,000. Germany No. 23
Original
23?15'E. From Soviet, Latvian and
Estonian charts. Roads, railroads, vege-
tation.
Area 58?16' to 59?19'N; 21?4' to 23?15'E.
From Estonian charts. Roads, rail-
roads.
Area 59?12' to 60?13'N; 22?50' to 25?6'E
Railroads, index of larger-scale German
charts of area. Seamarks not carried
along Finnish coast.
Area 59?25' to 60?31'N; 24?53' to 27?E.
From German and Estonian charts.
Roads, railroads, index of larger-scale
German charts of area. Seamarks not
given along Finnish coast.
28?31'30"E. From German, Soviet,
Finnish, and Estonian charts. Roads,
railroads, vegetation, index of larger-
scale German charts of area. Seamarks
not carried along Finnish coast.
Area 59?43' to 60?30'N; 28?20' to 30?25'E.
From Finnish and Soviet charts. Roads,
railroads, vegetation, index of larger-
scale German charts of arek.
1942
1944
German Hachures, spot
Area 59?26' to 60?N; 24?54' to 26?36'E.
1946
elevations
From Finnish and Estonian charts.
Roads, railroads, index of larger-scale
German charts of area.
1937
1944
German Hachures, spot
Area 54?17' to 54?44'N; 18?56' to 20?32'E.
elevations. From German surveys. Woods, roads,
railroads.
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JANIS 40
Mag-
Scale
Title
Issue
Correc-
netic
Surface
Description
tion
varia-
features
Lion
GEanrAN CHARTS (Continued) :
c. Large-scale charts (Continued) :
1:75,000 Nordkiiste von Estland, Baltisch Port bis
1943
1944
German Hachures, spot
at 59?30' Kokskar (Northern Coast of Estonia,
1945 elevations
Baltisch Port to Kokskar). Insets:
Baltisch Port, 1:4,000; Reval, Neuer
Hafen (Tallinn, Newer Harbor),
1:15,000; Reval, Alter Hafen (Tallinn,
Older Harbor), 1:7,500. Germany No.
81
1:70,000 Kurisches Haff, Nordlicher Tell (Kurisches
1945
1945
German Contours, spot
Heff, Northern Part). Insets: Die At-
1944 elevations
math Miindung (The 1Vjouth of the
Atmath), 1:35,000; Hafen von Memel
(Memel Harbor), 1:20,000. Germany,
No. 94
1:50,000 Kap Juminda his Vergi (Cape Juminda to
1942
1943
German Contours, spot
at 59?40' Vergi). Germany No. 1305
1945 elevations,
cliffs
1:50,000 Vergi bis Aseri (Vergi to Aseri). Germany
1942
1944
German Contours, spot
at 59?35' No. 1306.
1946
elevations,
cliffs
1:50,000 Narva Bucht, Aseri his Toila (Narva Bay,
1942
1944
German Contours, spot
at 59?30' Aseri to Toila). Germany No. 1307
1946
elevations,
cliffs
1:50,000 Narva Bucht, Toile his Hungerburg (Narva
1942
1944
German Contours, spot
at 59?30' Bay, Toila to Hungerburg (Narva-
1946
elevations,
Joesuu)). Germany No. 1308
cliffs
1:50,000 Kronstadt Bukhta (Kronshtadt Bay).
1929
1942
German Hachures
at 60?3' Germany No. 181
1939
1:50,000 Newa Bucht, Kronstadt his Leningrad
1929
1941
German Hachures, spot
(Neva Bay, Kronshtadt to Leningrad).
1938
elevations
Germany No. 154
1:50,000 Wulf his Kap Juminda (Wulf to Cape Ju-
1942
1944
German Contours, spot
at 59?35' minda). Germany No. 1304
1945
elevations,
1:40,000 Die Newa, von Leningrad his Schlussel-
1942
1942
German
cliffs
Hachures
at 59?51' burg (The Neva from Leningrad to
1947
Shlisselborg (Petrokrepost'). Germany
No. 1330
1:25,000 Hafen von Riga' (Riga Harbor). Ger-
1941
1941
German
at 57? many No. 13
1944
1:20,000 Hafen von Libau (Liepaja Harbor). Ger-
1943
1943
German Hachures
at 56?33' many No. 18
1944
1:10,000 Pillau,. Einfahrt and IIafen (Pillau (Bal-
1939
1945
German Hachures
tiysk), Approach and Harbor). Ger-
1941
many No. 20
3. FINNISH CHARTS:***
a. Medium-scale charts of Gulf of Finland:
1:285,012 Uto-Glosholm; Suomenlahden lansiosa
1922
1945
Finnish,
(Gulf of Finland-western part). Fin-
land No. 7
Swedish
1940
1:285,012 Glosholm-Kronstadt; Suomenlahden
1922
1945
Finnish,
itaoisa (Glosholm-Kronshtadt; Gulf of
Swedish
Finland---eastern part). Finland No. 8
1945
b. Large-scale charts:
1:50,000 Seivasto-Seiskari. Finland No. 11
1942
1945
Finnish,
at 60?20'
Swedish
1945
1:50,000 Viipurin Lahti (Viipuri Bay). Finland
1943
1945
Finnish,
Swedish
1945
*** Published by Merikarttalaitos (Hydrographic Service of Finland).
within its area.
Area 59?15' to 59?44'N; 23?55' to 25?6'E,
From Estonian and Soviet charts.
Roads, railroads, vegetation.
Area 55?16'48" to 55?44'42"N; 21? to
21?20'20"E. From German surveys.
Roads, railroads, vegetation.
Area 59?31' to 59?47'N; 25?41' to 26?12'E.
From Estonian charts. Roads, rail-
roads. Glossary of non-German terms.
Area 59?29' to 59?45'N; 26?2' to 26?50'E,
From Estonian charts. Roads, rail-
roads. Glossary of non-German terms.
Area 59?22'30" to 59?38'N; 26?48' to
27?36'E. From Estonian charts.
Roads, railroads. Glossary of non-
German terms.
Area 59?21' to 59?36'N; 26?30' to 28?16'E.
From Estonian and Soviet charts.
Roads, railroads, vegetation. Glossary
of non-German terms.
Area 59?54' to 60?12'N; 28?55' to 29?50'E.
From Soviet charts. Roads, railroads,
vegetation.
Area 59?50' to 60?7'30"N; 29?31' to
30?25'E. From Soviet charts and plans
of Leningrad. Roads, railroads, named
buildings, vegetation.
Area 59?28' to 59?44'N; 24?45' to 25?33'E.
From Estonian charts. Roads, rail-
roads. Glossary of non-German terms.
Area 59?45' to 59?58'N; 30?21'54" to
31?4'12"E. From Soviet charts,
Roads, railroads.
Area 56?55' to 57?7'N; 23?52' to 24?9'E.
From chart Latvia No. 2, which was
based on local surveys of 1930-37, plus
later corrections. Railroads, streets,
vegetation, trigonometric points.
Area 56?29'30" to 56?34'30"N; 20?51' to
21?5'E. From a Latvian chart. Roads,
names of buildings, railroads, woods.
Area 54?36'18" to 54?39'48"N; 19?50' to
19?59'E. From German surveys, topo-
graphic maps, and town plans. Rail-
roads, streets, vegetation.
Area 58?54' to 60?20'N; 22?21' to 26?E.
Railroads and 1944 international bound-
ary changes. Abbreviations explained
in both languages.
Area 59?20' to 60?44'N; 25?44' to 30?21'E.
Railroads and 1944 international bound-
ary changes. Abbreviations explained
in both languages.
Area 59?59' to 60?18'N; 28?13' to 29?8'E.
Roads, railroads.
Area 60?18' to 60?45'N; 28?13' to 28?51'E.
Roads, railroads.
Original
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MAP APPRAISAL
Page XIII-19'
Mag-
Scale
Title
Issue
-Correc-
netic
Surface
Description
tion
varia-
features
tion
b. Large-scale charts (Continued) :
1:50,000 Someri-Ristniemi. Finland No. 14
1031
1045
Finnish,
at 60?20'
Swedish
1945
1:50,000 Porkkalanselka, Porkkalafjard-Kyto. Fin-
1934
1945
Finnish,
at 60?20' land No. 20
-
Swedish
1945
4. LATVIAN CHARTS:t
1:100,000
Ventspils-Kolkasrags-Roja. Inset: Vent-
1939
....
Latvian,
at 57?
spils Osta (Ventspils Harbor). Latvia
English
No. 1
1940
1:50,000
Roja-Berzciems, Insets: Rojas Osta (Roja
1935
....
Latvian,
at 57?25'
Harbor), 1:10,000; Mcrsraga Osta,
English
(Mersraga Harbor), 1:10,000. Latvia
1935
1:50,000
No. 7
Abragciems-Bulduri. Inset: Ragaciems,
1936
.
Latvian,
at 57?5'
1:10,000. Latvia No. 8
English
1937
1:50,000
Garciems-Skulte. Inset: Skultes Osta
1939
....
Latvian,
at 57?
(Skultes Harbor), 1:5,000. Latvia No. 9
English
1939
1:10,000
Harbor of Liepfija. Latvia No. 3
English
Latvian,
at 56?32'
English
Area 60?7'30" to 60?34'30"N; 27?38' to
28?15'E. Roads.
Area 59?44' to 60?11'N; 24?6' to 24?43'E,.
Roads, boundaries of Soviet leased terri-
tory.
Area 57?21' to 57?55'30"N; 21?25' to
22?49'E. From Latvian surveys and.
Soviet charts. Roads, railroads, vege-?
tation.
Area 57?14' to 57?35'N; 22?46'30" to
23?17'E. From Latvian surveys of
1932-35. Roads, railroads, vegetation.
Area 56?56'30" to 57?14'N; 23?10' to
23?52'E. From Latvian surveys of
1934-36. Roads, railroads, vegetation.
Area 57?5' to 57?24'N; 24?5' to 24?29'E.
From Latvian surveys of 1937-38.
Roads, railroads, vegetation.
Area 56?46' to 56?59'N; 23?34' to 23?45E.
With continuation of river to Jelgava.
From Latvian surveys of 1927-28.
Roads, railroads, vegetation, buildings
with names.
Area 56?30' to 56?34'30"N; 20?57' to
21?3'30"E. From Latvian surveys of
5. ESTONIAN CIIARTS:tt
1931
1923 to 1930 and a Soviet chart. Com-
plete land coverage with streets; names
of buildings, railroads. Table of abbre-
viations.
1:70,000
Tallinna Laht (Tallinn Bay). Insets:
1926
1932
Esto-
Hachures
Area 59?21' to 59?43'N; 23?59' to 25?6'E.
at 59?35'
Aegna Kanaal (Aegna Channel),
nian
Railroads, vegetation, table of abbre-
1:15,000; Vana Sadam (Tallinn Old
Harbor), 1:7,500; Uus Sadam (Tallinn
New Harbor), 1:7,500; Bekkeri Tehase
Sadam (Bekkeri Harbor Development),
1:7,500; Vene-Balti Tehase Sadam
(Balti Harbor Development), 1:7,500;
Tallinna Kalasadam (Tallinn Fishing
Harbor), 1:5,000. Estonia No. 17
1926
viations.
1:20,000
Tallinna Reid ja Sadamad (Tallinn Road
1022
1932
Esto-
Hachures
Area 59?25'30" to 59?31'30"N; 24?33' to
at 59?27'
and Harbors). Insets: Tallinna Vanasa-
dam (Tallinn Old Harbor), 1:7,500.
Estonia No. 20
nian
24?51'30"E. Railroads, streets, vege-
tation, named buildings.
t Published by Jiirniecibas Departamenta (Latvian Marine Department).
tt Published by Sojazagede Staaei Topohudograafia Osajand (Topographic and Hydrographic Section of the General Staff of the Army).
Mag-
Scale
Title Issue
Correc-
netic
Surface
Description
tion
varia-
features
tion
SMALL-SCALE CHARTS:
1:1,314,852 Chernoye i Azovskoye morya (Black Sea 1903 1943 1940 Hachures, spot Area 40?30' to 47?20'N; 27? to 42?20'E.
at 44? and Sea of Azov). USSR No. 1839 elevations in Based on Russian Black Sea hydro-
feet graphic expeditions 1871-90. Sound-
ings in feet to 30 feet; greater depths in
sazhen. Conversion tables-sazhen,
meters, and feet. Distances listed from
Sevastopol'.
1:750,000 Zapadnaya chast' Chernogo morya (West- 1935 1943 1940 Spot elevations Area 40?40' to 47?N; 27?20' to 34?20'E.
at 44? ern portion of the Black Sea). USSR From Soviet, British, and German
No. 1522 charts. Prohibited zones indicated.
* Published in Russian by the Gidrograficheskoye Upravleniye Voyenno-Merskogo F1ota Soyoza SSR (Hydrographic Administration of the Soviet.
Navy).
Original
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Mag-
Scale
Title
Tssue
Correc-
netic
Surface
Description
tion
varia-
features
tion
SMALL-SCALE CHARTS (Continued) :
1:750,000 Vostochnaya chast' Chernogo mory.a (East-
at 44? ern portion of the Black Sea). USSR
No. 1523
1:500,000 Alushta-Mangaliya. Inset:. .Port Kon-
at 44? stantsa (Port Constanta), 1:20,000.
USSR No. 2310
1:500,000 Azovskoye More (Sea of Azov). USSR
at 44? No. 2212
MEDIUM- TO LARGE-SCALE CHARTS:
1:175,000 Ot Kerch'-Yenikal'skogo proliva do goroda 1936 1943 1940
at 44? Genicheska (From Kerch-Yenikale Strait
to Genichesk). USSR No. 1468
spot eleva- From Soviet charts and topographic
tions maps of the General Staff of the Red
Army to 1935. Railroads, woods, and
other general features cover land area of
chart. Table of distances for Sea of
Azov ports.
1:172,200 at Taganrogskiy zaliv (Gulf of Taganrog). 1900 1943 1940 Hachures, spot
46?57'30" Inset: Gavan' goroda Taganroga (Port elevations in
of the city of Taganrog), 1:21,000. feet
USSR No. 1800
1:150,000 Ot Dnestrovsko-Tsaregradskogo. mayaka 1940 1941 1940 Cliffs
at 44? do Dneprovskogo limana (From Tsarc-
gradskoye Lighthouse to the Dnepr
estuary). USSR No. 2391
1:150,000 Ot mysa Tarkhankutskogo do mysa Sarych 1940 1942 1940 Form lines
at 44? From Cape Tarkhankut to Cape Sarych).
USSR No. 2329
Area 45?12' to 46?18'N; 34?45' to 36?55'E.
From surveys 1896-1934.
Area 46?30' to 47?25'N; 37?12' to 39?20'E.
Based on surveys from 1880-98. Sound-
ings in feet.
Area 45?38' to 46?40'N; 30?20' to 32?20'5"
E. From Soviet charts.
Area 44?5' to 45?25'N; 32?21' to 33?45'E.
From Soviet charts.
Area 43?52' to 44?52'N; 33?10' to 35?8'E.
From Soviet charts.
1:150,000 Ot mayaka Meganom do Kerch-Yenikal'- 1940 1943 1940 Form lines; spot Area 44?20' to 45?19'N; 34?57' to 36?54'E.
1:150,000 Ot mysa Khersones do mysa Meganom 1940 1943 1940 Relief shading
at 44? (From Cape Khersones to Meganom).
Insets: Reyd Alushta (Alushta Roads),
1:10,000; Port of Yalta, 1:10,000. USSR
No. 2398
at 44? skogo proliva (From Meganom Light-
house to Kerch-Yenikale Strait). Inset:
Bukhta Koktedel' (Koktedel' Bay),
1:25,000. USSR No. 2397
1:150,000 Ot mysa Tarkhan do Beysugskovo limana 1940 1943 1940 Relief shading
at 44? (From Tarkhan Cape to Beysugskiy
estuary). Insets: Akhtarskaya bukhta
(Akhtarskaya Bay), 1:50,000; Temryuk-
skiy port, 1:25,000. USSR No. 2385
1:109,536 Chast' zapadnogo berega Chernogo morya 1896 1943 1943 Hachures; spot
at 45? of Tsaregradskovo girla Dnestrovskogo elevations in
limana do ust'yev Dunaya (Part of the feet
Western coast of the Black Sea from the
Tsaregradskoye Branch of the Dnestr
estuary to the mouth of the Danube).
Inset: Ostrov Figonisi (Serpent Island),
1:8,400. USSR No. 1768
1:16,800 Bukhta Akmanay (Akmanay Bay). 1888 1943 .... Ilachures; spot
at 44? USSR No. 252 elevations in
feet
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JANIS 40 iwlm~
Area 45?14' to 46?16'30"N; 36?00'25" to
38?23'E. Compiled from Soviet charts.
Area 45?9' to 46?6'N; 29?35'28" to
30?29'28"E. Based on Russian Black
Sea hydrographic expeditions o' 1882-
86. Soundings in feet to 30 feet;
greater depths in sazhen.
Area 45?16' to 45?21'N; 35?27' to 35?35'E.
Based on Russian Black Sea expeditions.
Soundings in feet. Conversion table-
feet to meters.
Mag-
Scale
Title
Issue
Correc-
netic
Surface
Description
tion
varia-
features
tion
-
SMALL-SCALE CHARTS:
1:1,388,520 Kaspiyskoye more (Caspian Sea). USSR 1879
No. 1665
1:800,000 Severnaya chast' Kaspiyskogo inorya 1933 1943 1940
at 42? (Northern part of the Caspian Sea).
USSR No. 1168
55?50'28"E. From Russian surveys of
1858-71 and 1874 with supplementary
work of 1925-29 and 1933-36. Roads.
Area 43?55' to 47?55'N; 46?35' to 54?50'E.
From various Russian surveys to 1936.
Areas dangerous for navigation noted.
Original
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1935
1942
1940
Spot elevations
Area 40?40' to 45?25'N; 33? to 42?10'E.
From Soviet and German charts.
1940
1942
1940
Spot elevations
Area 43?45' to 47?N; 28?20' to 34?4TE.
From Soviet charts.
1943
1044
1945
Relief shading,
Area 44?35' to 47?25'N; 34?23' to 40?8'E.
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MAP, APPRAISAL
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Mag-
Scale
Title
Issue Correc-
netic
Surface
Description
tion
varia-
features
tion
LARGE-SCALD CHARTS:
1:193,662
Ot Chistoy banki do o. Chechen' (From.
1872
at 44?30'
Chistoy Bank to Chechen' Island).
USSR No. 1667
1:190,008
Ot ostrova Biryuch'ya Kosa do Serebrya-
1876
1940
Hachures .,
at 45?
kovskoy pristani (From Birych'ya Kosa
Island to Serebryakovskoy Landing).
USSR No. 1687,
1:190,008
Ot goroda Astrakhans do Chistoy banks
1877
1930
Hachures
at 45?
(From Astrakhan' to Chistoy Bank).
USSR No. 1727
TABLE XIII - 5
INTERIOR LAKES HYDROGRAPHIC CHARTS
Area 43?43'46" to 45?17'30"N; 1?2' to
2?32' west of Baku (49?52' east of
Greenwich). From Russian surveys of
1861-63 with supplementary work to
1937. '
Area 44?39'45" to 45?52'15"N; 1?10' to
3?10' west of Baku. From Russian
surveys of 1869-72 with supplementary
work to 1937.
Area 45?8' to 46?40'N; 0?53' to 2?23' west
of Baku. From Russian surveys of
1872-73 with supplementary work to
1929. Soundings in feet at mean water
but they are not stable. The chart has
been tied into the Volga triangulation.
Mag-
Scale
Title
Issue
Correc-
netic
Surface
Description
Lion
varia-
features
tion
LAKE ONEGA:
1:100,000
Ot goroda Medvezhegorsk do o-va. Khed
at 60?
(From Medvezhegorsk to Khed Island).
USSR No. 4346
1:100,000
Ot Petrozavodska do Mysa
Besov Nos
at 62?
(From Petrozavodsk to
Nos). USSR No. 4348
Cape Besov
1:100,000
Ot Mysa Besov Nos do Voznesenkoy pris-
at 62?
tani (From Cape Besov Nos to Vozne-
senke Landing). USSR No. 4349
LAKE LADOGA:
1:150,000 Severnaya chast' Ladozhskogo ozera
at 60? .(Northern part of Lake Ladoga). In-
sets: Bukhta Sortanlakhti (Sortanlakhti
Bay), 1:15,000; Podkhod K seleniyu
Konovets (Approach to Konovets vil-
lage), 1:15,000. USSR No. 2106
1:50,000 Podkhod k gorody Sortavala (Approach to
at 60? the town of Sortavala). USSR No. 4304
LAKES CIIUDSKOYE AND PSKOV:
1:150,000 Chudskoye i Pskovskoye ozera (Lakes
k
oye an
d P
k
I
nse
s:
F
ar-
u
d
s
s
ov
.
t
)
' Ch
at
?
58
30
vater (channel) Eesti Vyarav, 1:30,000;
Podkhod k seleniyu Praaga (Approach
to Praaga Village), 1:30,000; Gavan'
Vasknarva (Vasknarva Harbor),
1:15,000; Gavan' Mustvee (Mustvee
Harbor), 1:12,000. USSR No. 2188
D. Special maps
This section includes all maps covering subjects of gen-
eral interest that are not classified as' topographic sets,
general atlases, aeronautical charts, or hydrographic
charts. Specialized atlases and books containing a large
number of maps on one subject are listed under the sub-
ject mapped rather than in the section on general atlases.
The special maps are classified as: 1) physical; 2) polit-
ical or administrative; 3) peoples; 4) transportation, tele-
communications, and power; and 5) economic. If a map
shows several features, such as administrative divisions
and terrain, it is classified in this report according to its
Original
1942
1943
1940
Form lines
Area 62?24' to 62?56'N; 34?12' to 35?55'E.
From Soviet charts.
1943
1943 -
1940
Form lines, spot
elevations
Area 61?26' to 62?3'N; 34?20' to 36?6'E.
From Soviet charts.
1943
1943
1940
Form lines
Area 60?51' to 61?42'30"N; 35?16' to
36?34'E. From Soviet charts.
1937
Area 60?48' to 61?46'N; 29?52' to 32?50'E.
From Finnish charts corrected to 1937
and Soviet surveys to 1934. Roads.
1941
1944
1945
Form lines
Area 61?32'54".to 61?42'48"N; 30?39'36"
to 30?53'E. From recent Finnish charts
and old Russian surveys.
1941
1942
1940
......
Area 57?45' to 59?5'N; 26?45' to 28?20'E.
From Russian surveys of 1895-1934.
probable major use. Only maps of major significance are
cross-referenced between sections.
Unless otherwise noted all maps are available in the
Map Branch, Central Intelligence Agency.
(1) Physical maps (TABLE XIII-6)
Physical maps are classified as general, geologic, ice,
climate and vegetation, soils, and military.. All of the
general maps have gradient tints and include major cul-
tural features. A large number are wall maps for class-
room use. The area as a whole is described first, fol-
lowed by its parts, arranged in geographic order from
west to east and north to south. Mineral deposits are
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JANIS 40
listed with the geologic maps. The best maps of vegeta-
tion are to be found in atlases, notably the Bol'shoy
Sovetskiy Atlas. The Mil-Geo series emphasizes the geo-
graphic features of military significance, and the Ostland
Atlas includes detailed geologic maps of the Baltic states
and White Russia.
TABLE XIII - 6
PHYSICAL MAPS
GENERAL MAPS:
SSSR Evropeyskaya Chast',
Fizicheskaya Karta (USSR
European Part, Physical
Map)
Hohen-und Gewasserkarte
von Ost-Europa (Relief and
Hydrographic Map of East-
ern Europe)
Fizicheskaya GeografeyaSSSR,
Europeyskaya Chast' i Kav-
kaz (Physical Geography of
the USSR, European Part
and the Caucasus)
Map Polski i Krakow 09cien-
nych (Map of Poland and
Adjacent Countries)
Belaruskaya SSR, Fizichnaya
Karta (White Russian SSR,
Physical Map)
Ukrainskaya SSR, Fiziche-
skaya Karta (Ukrainian
SSR, Physical Map)
Fizichna Karta Chornomors'-
kikh Krayiv (Physical Map'
of the Black Sea Area)
TsentriZapad Yevropeyskoy
Chasti SSSR (Central and
Western European Part of
the USSR)
Kirovskaya Oblast', Udmurt-
skaya i Mariyskaya ASSR,
Fizicheskaya Karla (Kirov-
skaya Oblast', Udmurt
ASSR, and Mari ASSR,
Physical Map)
Tatarskaya ASSR, Fiziche-
skaya Karta (Tatar ASSR,
Physical Map)
Povolzh'ye Fizicheskaya Karta
(Volga Region, Physical
Map)
GEOLOGIC MAPS:
USSR Minerals Series
Skhematicheskaya Karla Pri-
rodnykh M'ineral'nykh Vod
SSSR (Schematic Map of
Natural Minerals Waters
of the USSR)
Publisher
Scale, language,
and date
Glavnoye Upravleniye Geo- 1:2,500,000
dezii i Karlografii (Prin- Russian
cipal Administration of 1945
Geodesy and Cartog-
h
) *
rap
y
Generalstab des Hecres 1:1,500,000
(General Staff of the German
Army) 1943
Gosudarstvennoye Ucheb- Various scales
no-Pedagogicheskoye Iz- Russian
datel'stvo (State Text- 1941
book Publishing House)
Wojskowy Instytut Geog- 1:1,000,000
raficzny (Military Geo- Polish
graphic Institute), Edin- 1943
burgh
G. U. G. K. 1:750,000
Belorussian
1940
G. U. G. K. 1:1,000,000
Russian
1940
Ukrayins'ke Vidavnitstvo 1:1,500,000
(Ukrainian Publishers), Ukrainian
Krakow 1942
G. U. G. K. 1:1,500,000
Russian
1939
1:500,000
Russian
1940
1:400,000
Russian ?
1939
1:1,500,000
Russian
Gradient tints, towns classified by popu-
lation, boundaries of union republics
and generalized transport routes.
4-sheet reprint of color-separation draw-
ings of the 20-sheet Gipsometricheskaya
Karta Evropeyskoy Chasti SSSR (Hyp-
sometric Map of European USSR),
G .U. G. K, 1941 Gradient tints, topo-
graphic names, administrative divisions
to oblasts, railroads, roads, and towns
classified by population.
Maps of physical features, geomorphology,
vegetation, and land forms of European
USSR, chiefly at 1.:10,000,000 (Crimea
at 1:1,000,000); many black-and-white
maps throughout the 321-page text by
B. F. Dobrynin. Volume in Library of
Congress.
Gradient tints, towns classified by popu-
lation and administrative function, de-
tailed transportation data, powiat (dis-
trict) boundaries as of 1 January 1938.
Western border area between Latvia
and Bessarabia covered.
Gradient tints, topographic names, oblast
boundaries, towns classified by popula-
tion, minerals, roads, railroads, canals,
heads of navigation.
Gradient tints, town classification by
population and administrative function,
mineral deposits, railroads, navigation
routes.
Gradient tints, towns classified by popu-
lation, railroads, names of geographic
areas.
Gradient tints, towns classified by popu-
lation, and administrative function,
oblast boundaries, transport routes,
mineral deposits.
Gradient tints, town classified by popu.-
lation and administrative function,
mineral deposits, railroads, navigable
rivers.
Gradient tints, towns classified by popu-
lation and administrative function,
mineral deposits, navigable rivers.
Gradient tints, towns classified by popu-
lation and administrative function,
1939 oblast boundaries, mineral deposits,
transport routes. Insets of climate,
soils and vegetation.
Department of State, Div. 1:25,000,000 11 maps on a general Base giving location
of Geog. & Cartography English of principal mineral deposits. Process-
1944 ing plants for the major metals and
Vsesoyuznyy Nauchno-Is- 1:10,000,000
sledo-Vatel'skiy Geoo- Russian
gicheskiy Institut, Konii- 1945
tet po Delam Geologii
(All-Union Soviet Geo-
logic Scientific Research
Institute, Committee for
Geologic Affairs)
their capacities are shown. As some
of the data are old, the series must be
used with caution.
The USSR is divided into 3.1 provinces
based on prevailing types of mineral
springs. Important springs are located
and classified as to kind of water.
Towns, railroads, union republic bound-
aries, and hydrographic features on
base.
Wall map stressing physi-
cal features.
Planning map with em-
phasis,on topography.
Physical features, areas
annexed in 1939-41, and
details of Crimea.
Latest Polish map of the
area annexed by USSR
in 1939.
Physical features of White
Russia, wall maps.
Physical features of the
Ukraine, wall map.
Physical ,features of area
south of Orel.
Physical features of area
from Leningrad to the
Ukraine, wall map.
Physical features of Kirov-
skaya Oblast', Mari
ASSR, and Udmurt
ASSR, wall map.
Physical features of Tatar
ASSR, wall map.
Physical features of Volga
region below Yaroslavl',
wall map.
Location of mining and
smelting centers.
Location and types of
mineral waters.
Original
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mmhW6 MAP APPRAISAL
GEOLOGIC MAPS (Continued):
Geologicheskaya Karta SSSR Komitet po Delam Geologii 1:2,500,000
(Geological Map of the pri SNK (Committee for Russian
USSR) Geologic Affairs attached 1940
to the Council of People's
Commissars)
Geologicheskaya Karta (Geo- Komitet po Delam Geologii ~1:1,000,000
logic Map) (Committee for Geologic Russian
Affairs) 1936-46
Baustoff-tlbersichtskarte des Wehrgeologenstab Wannsce 1:1,000,000
europaischen Russland (Military-Geologic Gen- German
(General Map of Building oral Staff, Wannsce) 1943
Materials in European
USSR)
Baustoffkarte des europai- Wehrgeologenstab Wannsee 1:300,000
schen Russland (Building (Military-Geologic Gen- German
Material Map of European eral Staff, Wannsee) 1942-43
USSR
Page XIII-23
Scale, language,
and date
ICE MAPS:
Ice Atlas of the Northern U. S. Hydrographic Office Various scales
Hemisphere English
1946
Atlas der Vereisungsverhalt-
nisse Russlands und Finn-
lands, ihrer Kustengewasser
sowie wirtschaftlich and
militarisch wichtigen Bin-
nenwasserstrassen mit text-
lichen Vorbemerkungen and
Tabellen (Atlas of Russian
and Finnish Ice Conditions,
their coastal waters and
inland waterways of eco-
nomic and military im-
portance, with preface and
tables)
Deutsche Seewarte Ober-
kommando des Kriegs-
marine (German Naval
Observatory, Navy High
Command)
Various scales
German
1946
CLIMATE AND VEGETATION MAPS:
Klimatichoskaya Karta SSSR? G. U. G. K.
(Climatic Map of the
USSR)
Poland's Possible Contribu-
tion to Future Air Trans-
port
Polish Ministry of Industry,
Commerce and Shipping,
Aeronautical Depart-
ment, London
Zenon Gleicher IIumiditkt
and Ariditat in der
Ukraine (Zones of Equal
Humidity and Aridity in
the Ukraine)
Die Natiirlichen Vegetations-
zonen der Ukraine (The
Natural Vegetation Zones
of the Ukraine)
Original
1:5,000,000
Russian
1939
Chiefly
1:4,000,000
English
1944
Petermanns Gcogr. Mit- 1:3,000,000
teilungen, Vol. 90, No. German
3-4, 1944, Map 9 1944
Petermanns Gcogr. Mit- 1:3,000,000
teilungen, Vol. 90, No. German
3-4, 1944, Map 8 1944
Map shows geologic age, types of in- Complete geologic map.
trusive, glaciers, and maximum limits
of continental glaciation on a base giv-
ing roads, railroads, 1940 international
boundaries, and towns classified by
administrative function and by popu-
lation. 1942 German reprint adds
German legend.
34 sheets give nearly complete geologic Detailed geologic data.
coverage including minute stratigraphic
detail on a general base map. Each
sheet is accompanied by a short de-
scriptive pamphlet. Base map is taken
from the planimetric plates of the
Gosudarstvennaya Karta SSSR
1:1,000,000 (see topographic section for
description), the Soviet equivalent of
the International Millionth Map of the
World. Sheet layout of the I. M. W.
is used.
Shows distribution of 13 kinds of build- Location of building ma-
ing material, and factories, chiefly for terials.
construction rigaterials; overprinted on
Generalstab des Hecres topographic set
map. About 30% coverage is avail-
able.
Shows distribution of 14 kinds of build- Detailed location of build-
ing stone with reliability index and 7 ing materials.
types of factories for construction ma-
terial; overprinted on Generalstab des
Hecres topographic set map. Only
10% coverage, distributed between
CIA and AMS, is available.
106 pages with many large, clear charts. Duration and extent of
Effect of ice on navigation is empha- ice.
sized, heavier ice conditions being given
in cases of conflicting information.
When the North Pole is included a
Polar projection is used, otherwise
Mercator. Bibliography of 1,700 items.
94 maps and 17-page text giving extent, Ice conditions, greater de-
duration, and kind of ice in Finnish and tail on the Central Bal-
Soviet waters, excluding the Baltic tic than is given in Ice
coast south of Ventspils (Windau). Atlas.
Maps generalized; emphasis on the
northern and central Baltic.
10 rainfall isohyets with layer tints, Jan- Climatic wall neap.
uary and July mean temperatures at-
mospheric pressure, limit of ocean ice,
permafrost boundary, polar weather
stations, and selected railroads.
25 maps mainly of climatic conditions Climatic- features of cen-
pertinent to commercial flying over tral portion of western
Poland. Descriptions accompany most border area.
maps. Atlas was part of the London
Poles' bid for favorable consideration
in postwar air traffic.
Zones of various degrees of moisture ex- Detail of critical climatic
cess and deficiency on base showing factors of Ukraine.
selected railroads and oblast boundaries
for all Ukraine and surrounding terri-
tory.
5 general types of vegetation on base Vegetation of Ukraine.
showing selected railroads and Oblast
boundaries for all Ukraine and sur-
rounding territory.
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SOILS MAPS:
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JANIS 40
Scale, language,
and date -
Description
20 general soil types, several subdivided Wall map of soils.
according to texture.
SSSR Pochvennaya Karta
Glavnoye Upravleniye Go-
1:5,000,000
(Soils Map of the USSR)
sudarstvennoy S'yemki i
Russian
Kartografii (Principal
1938
Administration of State
Survey and Cartography)
Bodenkarte des Europaischen
Generals tab des Heeres,_
1:2,520,000
Teils der Sowjet-Union
Abteilung fur Kriegskar-
German and
(Soil Map of the European
ten and Vermessungs-
Russian
Part of the USSR)
wesen (General Staff of
1942
the Army, Military Map
and Survey Section)
International Soil Map of
International Society of
1:2,500,000
Europe
Soil Science. Edited by
English, French,
H. Stremme, Danzig
and German
MILITARY MAP:
Mil.-Geo.-Carte Polen &
Mil.-Geo.-Carte Ost Europa
(Military-Geographic Map
of Poland & Military-Geo-
graphic Map of Eastern
Europe)
Oberkommando desHeeres,
Abteilung fur Kriegskar-
ten and Vermessungs-
wesen (Army High Com-
mand, Military Map and
Survey Section)
German color-separation reprint of 1929- Detailed soil map of much
30 Soviet Academy of Sciences map, of area, with supporting
names in Russian and legend in Ger- cultural features.
man. Shows 50 kinds of soil based on
combination of type and variety.
Towns, railroads, and roads given.
Only European USSR as of 1930 is
covered, northeastern corner left blank.
47 soil types, 16 varieties, and various Detailed soil map cover-
combinations. Base shows interna- ing most of area.
tional boundaries but no towns. Only
1925-1937 the northeastern corner of the JANIS
area is blank. Bodenkarte des Europ-
aischen Teils der Sowjet-Union was
used in compilation of this more de-
tailed map.
1:100,000 and Topographic sheets with military-goo- Physical features of mili-
1:300,000 graphic information overprinted. tary significance.
German Sheets of the 2 sets at AMS give about
1940-45 40% coverage of entire area.
(2) Political maps (TABLE XIII-7)
Political maps are grouped according to the following
administrative divisions : the area as a whole, union repub-
lics or recently independent countries, and autonomous
republics and oblasts. Under the first group the maps
are listed in order of their value, whereas maps in the
other two groups are arranged alphabetically by the Eng-
lish names of the political areas.
TIIE AREA AS A WHOLE:
Publisher
Two maps in series (1616 G and 1629 G)
show 1926 and 1939 administrative
divisions. CIA has limited number of
distribution copies.
International boundaries for 1937 and
1946, Oblast boundaries and adminis-
trative centers for 1946.
Oblast boundaries, towns classified by
population and administrative function,
transportation routes, relief shading.
Current oblast boundaries are adequately covered.
Maps published within the last ten years cover most of the
rayon (county) boundaries or corresponding minor civil
divisions within the areas recently annexed by the USSR.
No attempt has been made to show the village soviets,
although the Army Map Service has a number of rayon
maps giving boundaries of village soviets.
Scale, language,
and date
Population of the Soviet Union:
League of Nations, Geneva
1:25,000,000
History and Prospects by
English
Frank Lorimer (289 pp.,
1946
22 maps, bibliography)
European USSR Administra-
Dept. of State, M. I. No.
1:5,000,000
tive Divisions, July 1, 1946
10414.1
English
1946
Politiko-Administrativnaya
Glavnoye Upravleniye Geo-
1:5,000,000
Karta SSSR (Politico-Ad-
dezii i Kartografii (Prin-
Russian
ministrative Map of TJSSR)
cipal Administration of
1946
Yevropeyskaya Chast' SSSR
Geodesy and Cartog-
raphy) *
G. U. G. K.
1:3,500,000
Politiko-Administrativnaya
Russian
Karla (European Part of
1945
USSR Politico-Administra-
tive Map)
Verwaltungskarte (Adminis-
Wirtschaftsstab Ost (Eco-
1:1,000,000
tration Map)
nomic Staff for the East-
German
ern Areas), Berlin
1943
Oblast boundaries before August 1945 re-
vision of USSR-Poland border, towns
classified by population and adminis-
trative function, transportation routes.
Soviet rayon boundaries and administra-
tive centers for the area from the 1943
Rumanian and German boundaries east
to Rostov and north to Leningrad.
Corresponding German administrative
boundaries are given for the area under
Axis control. The map is black and
white.
Administrative bounda-
ries.
Clear, concise presentation
of current Oblast bound-
aries.
Most recent official map
showing Oblast bound-
aries.
Early 1945 official map
showing Oblast bound-
aries in greater detail
than previous map.
Rayon boundaries for a
large portion of Euro-
pean USSR,and German
administrative detail for
1943.
Original
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MAP APPRAISAL
Page Xllt-25
Scale; language,
and date
Ton AREA AS A WHOLE (Continued) :
Verwaltungskarte des nord- Rcichsministerium des In- 1:1,500,000
westlichen Europhischen nern (Reich Ministry of German
Russland (Administration the Interior) 1941
Map of Northwestern
European USSR)
Verwaltungskarto der Ukraine Karten-Abteilung des Den t- 1:1,500,000
and der 5stlich angrenzen- schen Ausland-Instituts German
den Gebieto (Administra- ' (Map Section of the .1941
tion Map of Ukraine and German Foreign Insti-
the Eastern Border Areas) tute), Stuttgart
UNION REPUBLICS AND RECENTLY INDEPENDENT COUNTRIES:
Belaruskaya SSR, Adminis- G. U. G. K. 1:1,000,000
tratsyynaya Karta (White Belorussian
Russian SSR, Administra- 1940
tive Map) {
Podrobny Pfehled Politick6ho Vojensk~ Zcmepisny V Stay 1:360,000
RozdSleni Zem6 Slovensk6 (Military Geographic In- Czech
a Podkarpatorusk6 (De- stitute) 1936
tailed Survey of the Politi-
cal Divisions of Slovakia
and Carpathian Ruthenia)
Ravensteins Btirokarte Nr. Ravensteins Geographische 1:300,000
10: Provinz Ostpreussen Verlagsanstalt u. Druc- German
(Ravenstein's Office Map kerei, Frankfurt-am- 1941
No. 10: Province of East Main
Prussia)
Goneralbezirk Estland (Gen- Eesti Statistika Valitsuse 1:400,000
eral Map of Estonia) (Estonian Statistical German and
Office) Estonian
1943
Latvijas Karte ar Attalu- Ernest Plates, Riga 1:500,000
mien Kilometros uz Sose- Latvian
jam un Lielceliem (Map of 1938
Latvia with Distances in
Kilometers along Main
Roads, and Other Roads)
Die Verbreitung der Dcut- Publikationsstelle, Berlin 1:300,000
schen in Litauen (The Dis- German
tribution of Germans in
1935
Lithuania)
Carte Routi6re do Lithuanie Lietuvos Automobiliu
1:500,000
(Road Map of Lithuania) Kliibas (Lithuanian
Lithuanian,
Automobile Club),
German, and
French
1939
Mapa Gmin Rzeczypospolitej G16wny Urzad Statystezny
1:1,000,000
Polskiej (Map of Communes (Main Census Bureau),
Polish
of the Republic of Poland) Warsaw
1938
Verwaltungskarte der Ukrain- Reichsamt fur Landesauf-
1:1,250,000
ische Sowjetrepublik (Ad- nahme (Reich Land Sur-
German
ministration Map of the . vey Office)
1942
Ukrainian Soviet Republic)
AUTONOMOUS REPUBLICS AND OBLASTS:
Administrativnaya Karta
Glavnoye Upravleniye Go-
1:500,000
Arkhangel'skoy Oblasti:
sudarstvennoy S'yemki i
Russian
(Administrative Map of
Kartografii (Principal
1938
Arkhangel'skaya Oblast')
Administrativnaya Karta
Administration of State
Survey and Cartog-
raphy) **
G. U. G. K.
1:300,000
Chuvashskoy ASSR (Ad-
Russian
ministrative Map of Chu-
1939
vash ASSR)
Administrativnaya Karta
G. U. G. S. K.
1:500,000
Krymskoy ASSR (Admin-
Russian
istrative Map of Crimean
1937
ASSR)
1926 rayon boundaries with comparable Rayon boundaries for most
administrative boundaries of areas an- of USSR west and north
nexed to the USSR 1939-40, popula- of Kursk.
tion distribution generalized by larger
areas, and Oblast boundaries for 1941.
1926 rayon boundaries of the Ukraine and Rayon boundaries for most
adjoining regions, boundaries of com- of European USSR
parable administrative units outside south of 52?N.
the USSR, and Oblast boundaries for
1941. Population generalized by large
areas.
Boundaries to rayons, towns classified by Administrative divisions of
population and administrative function, White Russian SSR.
transportation routes. File copy at
AMS.
Administrative divisions. to obecni (town- Minor civil divisions of
ship), towns classified by population, the former Czech por-
roads, and railroads. Marginal coordi- tion of USSR.
nates based on Ferro, 17?40' W of
Greenwich.
Administrative boundaries to Land and Minor civil divisions of
Stadtkreise; 4 types each of roads and northern East Prussia.
railroads, towns classified by popula-
tion, spot elevations, and woods.
Administrative boundaries and centers to Minor civil divisions of
minor civil divisions, two railroad Estonia.
gages, two classes of roads, cities classi-
fied by population, gradient tints.
Administrative boundaries and centers to Minor civil divisions of
minor civil divisions, two railroad gages, Latvia
three types of roads with distances indi-
cated, marginal gazetteer keyed to
atlas-grid.
Detailed location of German settlers as of Administrative divisions of
1923 on a base showing apskrieiu (dis- Lithuania.
trict) boundaries, woods, and swamps.
No coordinates.
Apskriciu boundaries and administrative Administrative divisions of
centers given but somewhat obscured Lithuania.
by detailed road pattern and woods
symbols.
Internal boundaries and administrative Detailed internal divisions
centers to the ymina (commune) as of of the former Polish
1 April 1938. After incorporation into area of USSR.
the USSR, these internal boundaries
underwent such extensive changes that
they may have little current signifi-
cance.
Boundaries to rayons as of September Rayon boundaries of
1940, towns classified by population Ukraine.
and administrative function, transpor-
tation routes.
Rayon boundaries, towns classified by Rayon boundaries of Ark-
population and administrative funs- hangel'skaya Oblast'.
tion, transportation routes. Inset:
Nenetskiy Natsional'nyy Okrug,
1:3,000,000. File copy at AMS.
Rayon boundaries, towns classified by Rayon boundaries of Chu-
administrative function, transporta- vash ASSR..
tion routes. Inset: Cheboksary,
1:25,000. File copy at AMS.
Rayon boundaries, towns classified by Rayon boundaries of Cri-
population, transportation routes, trac- mean ASSR (now Krym-
tor station. File copy at AMS. skaya Oblast').
Original
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JANIS 40. ..
Publisher
Scale, language,
and date.
AUTONOMOUS REPUBLICS AND OBLASTS (Continued):
Gorkovskoy Oblast' G. U. G. K.
Administrativnaya Karta G. U. G. K.
Ivanovskoy Oblasti (Ad-
ministrative Map of Ivan-
ovskaya Oblast')
1:500,000 Rayon boundaries, towns classified by
Russian population and administrative func-
1940 tion, transportation routes, tractor sta-
tions, state farms. Inset of Gor'kiy,
1:100,000. File copy at AMS.
1:500,000 Rayon boundaries, towns classified by
Russian population and administrative
func- tion, transportation routes, tractor sta-
tions, state farms. Inset of Ivanovo,
1:50,000. File copy at AMS.
Verwaltungskarte der Auto- Kreigskarten and Vermes- 1:600,000 Rayon boundaries as of June 1939, towns
nomen Kalmilcken Repub- suogsamt (Military Map German classified by administrative function,
lik ASSR (Administrative and Survey Office), Khar' 1942 transportation routes, tractor stations;
Map of Kalmyk ASSR) kov and telephone, telegraph and postal
Kirovskaya Oblast' G. U. G. K.
Karta Komi ASSR (Map of G. U. G. S. K.
Komi ASSR)
Administrativnaya Karta G. U. G. S. K.
Kuybyshevskoy Oblasti
(Administrative Map of
Kuybyshevskaya Oblast')
Administrativnaya Karta G. U. G. K.
Leningradskoy Oblasti (Ad-
ministrative Map of Len-
ingradskaya Oblast'
Mariiskaya ASSR (Mari G. U. G. K.
ASSR)
Mordovskaya ASSR, Admin- G. U. G. K.
istrativnaya Karta (Mord-
vian ASSR, Administrative
Map)
Karta Moskovskoy Oblasti Moskovskaya Oblastnaya
(Map of Moskovskaya PlAnovaya Kommissiya
Oblast') (Moskovskaya Oblast'
Planning Commission)
Murmanskaya Oblast' (Mur- G. U. G. K.
manskaya Oblast')
Administrativnaya Karta
Orlovskoy Oblasti (Admin-
istrative Map of Orlov-
skaya Oblast'
Administrativnaya Karta G. U. G. K.
last')
Penzenskoy Oblast:t (Ad-
ministrative Map of Pen-
zenskaya Oblast')
Rostovskaya Oblast' Admin-
istrativnaya Karta (Ros-
tovskaya Oblast', Adminis-
trative Map)
Ryazanskaya Oblast' Admin-
. Karta (Rya-
zanskaya Oblast', Admin-
istrative Map)
Skhematicheskaya Karta Sar-
atovskoy Oblasti (Sche-
matic Map of Saratov
skaya Oblast')
stations. German completion in mono-
chrome of G. U. G. K. map. File copy
at AMS.
1:500,000 Rayon boundaries, towns classified by
Russian population and administrative func-
1940 tion, transportation routes, tractor sta-
tions, state farms. File copy at AMS.
1:1,000,000 Rayon boundaries, towns classified by
Russian population and administrative func-
1938 tion, transportation routes. Inset of
Syktyvkar, 1:30,000.
1:500,000 Rayon boundaries, 'towns classified by
Russian administrative function, 50-meter con-
1938 tour intervals, transportation routes,
tractor stations. File copy at AMS.
1:500,000 Rayon boundaries, towns classified by
Russian population and administrative func-
1940 tion, transportation routes, tractor sta-
tions, collective farms, mines, health
resorts.
1:400,000 Rayon boundaries, towns classified by
Russian population and administrative func-
1939 tion, transportation routes, tractor sta-
tions, state farms. Inset of Yoshkar-
Ola, 1:40,000.
1:500,000 Rayon boundaries, towns classified by
Russian population and by administrative func-
1939 tion, transportation routes, tractor sta-
tions, state farms, woods. Inset of
Saransk, 1:25,000.
1:300,000 Rayon boundaries, towns classified by
Russian population and administrative func-
1939 tion, transportation routes, tractor sta-
tions, state farms, reliability diagram.
1:750,000 Rayon boundaries, towns classified by
Russian population and administrative func-
1940 tion, transportation routes, tundra,
forests, lighthouses,- telegraph and
postal stations. File copy at AMS.
1:500,000 Rayon boundaries, towns classified by
Russian population and administrative func-
1939 tion, transportation routes, tractor sta-
tions, state farms. File copy at AMS.
1:500,000 Rayon boundaries, towns classified by
Russian population and administrative func-
1939 tion, transportation. routes, tractor sta-
tions, state farms. File copy at AMS.
1:500,000 Rayon boundaries, towns classified by
Russian population and administrative func-
1939 tion, transportation routes, tractor sta-
tions, state farms. File copy at AMS.
1:500,000 Rayon boundaries, towns classified by
Russian administrative function, transporta-
1939 tion routes.
Kartpredpriyatiye Otdela 1:1,000,000
Zemleustroystva Saratov- Russian
skogo Oblzo (Carto- 1939
graphic Service of the
.Land Regulation Divi-
sion, Saratovskaya Ob-
Rayon boundaries, towns classified by
administrative function, roads, rail-
roads, navigable rivers.
Rayon -boundaries of Gor'
kovskaya Oblast'.
Rayon boundaries of Ivan-
ovskaya Oblast'.
Rayon boundaries of Kal-
myk ASSR, most of
which has now been in-
corporated into Astrak-
hanskaya Oblast'.
Rayon boundaries of
Kirovskaya Oblast'.
Rayon boundaries of Komi
ASSR.
Rayon boundaries of Kuy-
byshevskaya Oblast'.
Rayon boundaries of Len-
ingradskaya Oblast'.
Rayon boundaries of Mari
ASSR.
Rayon boundaries of Mor-
dovian ASSR.
Rayon boundaries of Mos-
kovskaya Oblast'.
Rayon boundaries of Mur-
manskaya Oblast'.
Rayon boundaries of Or-
lovskaya Oblast'.
Rayon boundaries of Pen-
zenskaya Oblast'.
Rayon boundaries of Ros-
tovskaya Oblast'.
Rayon boundaries of Rya-
zanskaya Oblast'.
Rayon boundaries of Sar-
atovskaya Oblast'.
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Original
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MAP APPRAISAL
AUTONOMOUS REPUBLICS AND OBLASTS (Continued) :
Smolenskaya Oblast', Admin- G. U. G. K.
istrativnaya Karta (Smo-
lenskaya Oblast', Adminis-
trative Map)
Tatarskaya ASSR, Adminis- G. U. G. K.
trativnaya Karta (Tatar
ASSR, Administrative
Map)
Tulskaya Oblast', Adminis- G. U. G. K.
strativnaya, Karta (Tul-
skaya Oblast, Administra-
tive Map)
Udmurtskaya ASSR, Admin- G. U. G. K.
istrativnaya Karta (Ud-
murt ASSR, Administra-
tive Map)
Administrativnaya Karta G. U. G. S. K.
ASSR Nemtsev Povolzh'ya
(Administrative Map of
Volga-German ASSR)
Voronezhskaya Oblast' Ad- G, U. G. S. K.
ministrativnaya Karta
(Voronezhskaya Oblast',
Administrative Map)
Page X11127
TABLEXIII /(Continued)
Scale, language,
and date
1:500,000
Russian
1040
1:500,000
Russian
1940
1:500,000
Russian
1939
1:400,000
Russian
1939
1:250,000
Russian
1938
1:500,000
Russian
1938
Administrativnaya Karta G. U. G. K. 1:500,000
Yaroslavskoy Oblasti (Ad- . Russian
ministrative Map of Yaro- 1940
slavskaya Oblast')
(3) Maps showing distribution of peoples (TABLE
XIII-8)
This section includes maps showing the distribution of
population, ethnic groups, religions, languages, and
health. The maps are listed roughly in order of their
Rayon boundaries, towns classified by Rayon boundaries of Smo-
administrative functions, transporta- lenskaya Oblast'.
tion routes. File copy at AMS.
Rayon boundaries, towns classified by Rayon boundaries of Ta-
population, transportation routes. tar ASSR.
Rayon boundaries, towns classified by Rayon boundaries of Tul-
administrative function, transporta- skaya Oblast'.
tion routes, mines, tractor stations.
File copy at MS.
Rayon boundaries, towns classified by Rayon boundaries of Ud-
population and administrative func- murt ASSR.
tion, transportation routes, tractor sta-
tions, state farms. This black and
white copy may be a preliminary edi-
tion of map designed for issue in color.
File copy at AMS.
Rayon boundaries, towns classified by Rayon boundaries of Ger-
population and administrative func- man Volga ASSR that
tion, transportation routes, industrial have become rayons of
and agricultural enterprises, tractor sta- Saratovskaya Oblast'.
tions, hospitals, sanatoria. Black and
white file copy at AMS.
Rayon boundaries, towns classified by Rayon boundaries of Vor-
population and administrative func- onezhskaya Oblast'.
tion, 40-meter contour intervals,.trans-
portation routes, tractor stations,
mines, flour mills. Inset of Voronezh,
1:50,000. Monochrome coyp at AMS.
Rayon boundaries, towns classified by Rayon boundaries of Yaro-
population and administrative function, slavskaya Oblast'.
transportation routes, tractor stations,
state farms, peat bogs. Inset: Yaro-
slavl', 1:50,000. File copy at AMS.
value. Except for the German studies of ethnic distribu-
tion in the northwestern part of the area, all of the maps
are highly generalized. The subject of health is limited
largely to incidence of malaria and infant mortality.,
TABLE XIII - 8
MAPS SHOWING DISTRIBUTION OF PEOPLES
Scale, language,
and date
European USSR (excluding the CIA 1:10,500,000
Caucasus), Population Den- No. 10455 English
sity 1948
European USSR (excluding the CIA 1:8,500,000
Caucasus), Ethnic Groups No. 10443 English
(Before :1939) 1948
The Population of the Soviet League of Nations, Geneva 1:25,000,000
Union: History and Prospects, English
by Frank Lorimbr (289 pp., 1946
22 maps, bibliography)
1:8,750,000
Groups No. 10118 English
October 1946
Original
Distribution of population shown by 7 Population density.
rural density groups and 6 town size
symbols. Oblast boundaries for 1946
and international boundaries for 1937
and 1946. Based 'on latest official cen-
sus figures and Bol'shoy Sovetskiy Atlas.
Distribution of population according to Distribution of national-
26 nationalities; 1946 Oblast boundaries, . ities.
1937 and 1946 international bounda-
ries. Distribution of peoples in western
border areas not clear.
Of the 22 maps prepared by the Depart- Demographic problems
ment of State and drawn by the AGS treated carefully.
to illustrate text, 17 show various as-
pects of population density, change in
density, migration, literacy, infant mor-
tality, reproduction ratio, etc. Data
are given by administrative and census
areas. CIA has limited number of dis-
tribution copies (1616G-1619G, 1621G,
1623G-1635G).
Location of dominant religious groups, Distribution of religious
with indications of appreciable minor- groups in the area ac-
ities. 1937 international boundaries quired by the USSR
and selected cities provide orientation, after 1939.
Outside the USSR, data are for the
1930's.
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 Page- XIII-28
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11 JANIS 40
Map of Poland and Adjacent Dr. Bogdan Zaborski 1:4,000,000
Countries Showing National- English
ities, Languages and Religions 1943
Die Bevolkeruny Estlands and S. Hirzel, Leipiig 1:1,000,000
Lettlands (The Peoples of German
Estonia and Latvia), by K. 1940
von Maydell
Die Bevolkeruny des -nordwest- Reichministerium des In- 1:1,500,000
lichen europaischen Russland nern (Reich Ministry of German
in ihren nationalen Gefuge the Interior) 1942
(The People of northwestern
European USSR in their
National setting)
Map of Distribution of Peoples
Northern Tribes Assistance
1:5,000,000
of the Far North of USSR
Committee of the All-
Russian Central Execu-
English and
Russian
tive Committee
1033
Karla Ukrayins'kikh Hovoriv
Ukrayins'kiy Naukoviy In-
1:4,000,000
(Map of Ukrainian Dialects)
stitut (Ukrainian Scien-
Ukrainian
tific Institute), Warsaw
1933
European USSR, Malaria Mor-
CIA
1:13,250,000
bidity and Control Stations
No. 10454
English
1947
(4) Transportation, telecommunications, and power
The location of transport routes is shown most accu-
rately on the latest official topographic sheets of the area.
Some of the general atlases also contain significant infor-
mation not found elsewhere. The Mil-Geo study of Euro-
pean USSR includes a railroad map that shows single,
double, and multiple tracks; and indicates whether the
lines handle heavy or light traffic. This same study in-
cludes a waterways map that gives periods of frozen water,
areas subject to flooding, and other data pertinent. to the
Distribution of 35 combination groups of Religion and nationality
nationalities and religions in Poland distribution in the
and surrounding area, with 1938 inter- USSR-Poland border
national boundaries as a background. area before 1939.
The map is black and white.
Distribution of population according to Details of ethnic distribu-
11 nationalities or religions by minor tion for - Estonia and
civil divisions; percentage of total popu- Latvia.
lation indicated by 3 degrees of shading.
Overprinted on detailed administrative
base map. Statistics for 1934-35.
Distribution of 17 ethnic groups by 1939 Peoples of northwestern
rayons or comparable subdivisions for ' European USSR.
the northwestern quarter of European
USSR; percentage of total population
indicated by 4 degrees of shading.
Jews are omitted. Oblast boundaries
for 1941 have been added.
Distribution of 23 northern peoples of the Distribution of peoples in
USSR, with density of each indicated. the Soviet North.
Distinction is made between permanent
settlers and nomads. For towns estab-
lished between 1926 and 1933, the
figures are-for the latter year; elsewhere
for 1926-27.
Distribution of 14 Ukrainian dialects pre- Breakdown of Ukrainian
sented on map and explained in 20-page population by language.
pamphlet published in Ukrainian with
French summary.
Distribution of incidence of malaria and Distribution of incidence
location of control stations on a base of malaria.
showing generalized incidence of ma-
laria by 1929 oblasts. Data was taken
from the 1936 Soviet Medical Encyclo-
pedia.
planning of overland military movements. The Ice Atlas
of the Northern Hemisphere (TABLE XIII-6),. Ostland-
Atlas, and the Atlas of Finland also give useful informa-
tion on waterways. Yevropeyskaya Chast' SSSR, Politiko-
Administrativnaya Kart'a, 1:3,500,000, has the most recent
information on railroad lines. (See TABLE XIII-7.)
In TABLE XIII-9 communications maps are grouped as
follows : railroads and waterways (and time zones) ; roads;
telecommunications; and power. Within each group the
maps are arranged in order of their value.
TABLE XIII - 9
TRANSPORTATION, TELECOMMUNICATIONS, AND POWER MAPS
Scale, language,
and date
Title
Scale, language,
and date
RAILROADS, WATERWAY'S, AND TIME ZONES: -
Railroads of Western USSR CIA Nos. 6173-4 1:3,700,000
English
14 February 1945
Railroads of Western USSR, CIA Nos. 3157-8 1:3,700,000
Showing Railroad Adminis- English
trative Divisions 11 December 1944
Skhema Zheeznodorozllnykh Narodnyy Komissariat
i Vodnykh Putey Soobsh- Putey Soobshcheniya
cheniya Soyuza SSR (Plan (People's Commissariat
of Rail and Water- Com- of Ways of Communica-
munications of the USSR) tion)
Same as CIA No. 3157-8, but omits rail- General map of Soviet
road administration districts and uses railroads.
stub in place of full coordinates. Rail-
roads shown clearly but map contains
minor errors.
Railroad gage, number of tracks, electri- Railroad administration
fied-lines, lines under construction, pro- districts.
jected lines, and railroad administra-
trative districts for 1941 are shown on
a base giving rivers, towns, and inter-
national boundaries for 1937 and 1941.
Insets of Leningrad, Moscow, and Don-
bass give additional detail. Cases of
doubtful accuracy are explained, but
there are many minor inaccuracies.
1:2,800,000 -Railroads with administrative districts Latest detailed official map
Russian and centers, stations, distances, canals, of railroads and water-
1941 navigable rivers, ocean steamer routes, ways.
and river ports are shown on a base
giving hydrographic features in detail.
Original
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MAP APPRAISAL
RAILROADS, WATERWAYS, AND TIME ZONES (Continued):
Narodnyy Komissariat 1:1,500,000
Putey Soobshcheniya Russian
(People's Commissariat 1929
for Communication)
Eisenbahn-Atlas Russland
(Railroad Atlas of the
USSR)
No authority
No scale
German
No date
Pyatiletniy Plan Vosstanov-
Supplement to Zheleznodo-
No scale
leniya i Razvitiya Zhelez-
rozhnyy Transport v novoy
Russian
nodorozhnogo Transporta
Stalinsicoy Pyatiletke by
1946 (?)
na 1946-1950 god (Five-
I. V. Kovalyova
Year Plan for the Restora-
tion and Development of
Railroad Transportation
for 1946-1950)
Railroads in the USSR dur-
The American Review on the
1:21,000,000
ing Fourth Five-Year Plan
Soviet Union, Vol. VIII,
English
No. 2, pp. 40-41
March 1947
Ud. SSR,Wirtschaftsatlas Ver-
kehr, Binnenschiffahrt
(USSR, Economic Atlas,
Transportation, Inland
Waterways)
Skhematicheskaya Karta
Zheleznodorozhnykh, Vod-
nykh i Automobil'nykh
Putey Soobshcheniya SSSR
(Schematic Map of Rail,
Water, and Automobile
Routes in the USSR)
Reichsverkehrministeriums, No scale
Binnenschiffahrt Ost and German
Statistischen Reichsamt, 1944
Zentralreferat Ausland-
forschung (Eastern In-
land Waterways of the
State Transport Ministry
and the Foreign Research
Center of the State Sta-
tistical Office)
Narodnyy Komissariat 1:2,250,000
Putey Soobshcheniya Russian
(People's Commissariat 1933
for Communication)
Karta Vnutrennikh Vodnykh
Putey Yevropeyskoy Chasti
SSSR (Map of Inland
Waterways of the Euro-
pean Part of the USSR)
Atlas Komandira RKKA
(Commander's Atlas of the
Workers and Peasants Red
Army)
ROADS:
Europaisches Russland Stras-
senkarte (European USSR
Road Map)
Strassenzustandskarte der
besetzten Ostgebiete (Road-
Condition Map of Eastern
Occupied Territory)
Map of Road Building Ma-
terials in the European Part
of USSR
Original
General'nyy Shtab RKKA
(General Staff of the
Workers and Peasants
Red Army), Moscow
Page XIII-29
Scale, language,
and date
Schematic maps of 47 railroad districts, Location of railroad sta-
including rail divisions, stations, dis- tions.
tances, and projected lines. The Polish
area transferred to the USSR in 1939 is
included. A 92-page gazetteer locates
all stations by atlas-grid. German
transliterations of Russian names and
the schematic nature of the maps re-
strict their usability.
Schematic presentation of restored double- Summary of recent and
track lines, recently built lines, those proposed railroad de-
to be completed by 1950, electrified velopment in the USSR.
lines, and those being electrified. More
reliable but less clear than Railroads in
the USSR during Fourth Five- Year Plan.
Railroad lines to be built, double-tracked, Summary of lines built
or electrified during 1946-50. Exist- during war and railroad
ing double tracks, and new and other construction planned for
lines are shown in relation to selected 1946-50.
towns and 1946 international bound-
aries. Insets of Leningrad and Mos-
cow. No coordinates.
50 pages of bar graphs analyzing Soviet Analysis of freight move-
inland waterways by river and by com- ment on USSR rivers.
modity carried. 11 maps cover Euro-
pean USSR rivers giving freight move-
ments by commodity and the adminis-
strative divisions for shipping. All
maps are schematic and in black and
white. Information is for 1938.
River ports and railroad stations shown Location of minor river
in detail, with distances between selec- ports.
ted points. Railroads are divided by
gage, number of tracks, and adminis-
trative districts. Navigable rivers
with regular and irregular steamer
service are also shown. Road informa-
tion is entirely out-of-date.
Rivers are divided according to naviga- Detail on inland water-
bility by boats or rafts. 4 classes of ways.
ocean ports, river distances, elevations
along river routes, navigable and drain-
age canals, steamer routes, and water-
way districts with their administrative
centers are also shown. 14 insets give
greater detail, especially as to locks,
dams, and rapids in critical areas.
Various scales World atlas of 39 plates, with 69-page Time zones of the USSR
Russian gazetteer. Most useful map is that of (to some extent out-of-
1938 the time zones of the USSR superim- date).
posed on the 1:10,000,000 transporta-
tion map.
Generalstab des Herres, Ab- 1:2,500,000
teilung fur Kriegskarten German
and Vermessungswesen January 1944
(General Staff of the
Army, Military Mapping,
and Survey Section)
Generalstab des Herres Ab- 1:1,000,000
teilung fur Kriegskarten German
and 'Vermessungswesen 1942
(General Staff of the
Army, Military Map and
Survey Section)
Central Scientific Research 1:1,500,000
Institute for Highways English and
and Road Building Ma- Russian
chinery 1935
5 types of roads, road distances, passes, Most recent road map of
and 4 types of railroads are shown on a entire area.
base giving rivers, towns, forests, and
1944 international boundaries. This
map, which is a later edition of the
Mil-Geo road map, incorporates many
corrections in road and railroad align-
ment.
8 types of roads and 1942 international Reliable detail on road
boundaries overprinted on German conditions.
operations map of southwestern Euro-
pean USSR.
23 types of road building material, limit Location of road-building
of glacial boulders, and limit of frozen material and govern-
ground. Roads are classified as paved mental jurisdiction over
and unpaved, and by governmental roads.
unit responsible for maintenance.
Other transport routes shown on the
base.
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JANIS 40
Publisher
TABLE XIII 9 (Continued)
Scale, language,
and date
TELECOMMUNICATIONS:
European USSR (excluding CIA No. 10425 1:7,000,000 Telephone and telegraph lines, stations, Telecommunications.
the Caucasus) Telephone English domestic and international cables. In-
and Telegraph Net 1947 ternational boundaries are for 1937 and
Skhema Telegrafnykh i Tele-
fonnykh Liniy . . Belo-
russkogo Osobogo Voyen-
nogo Okruga (Diagram of
the Telegraph and Tele-
phone Lines of White Rus-
sian Special Military Dis-
trict)
POWER:
Belorusskiy Osobyy Voyen- No scale
nyy Okrug (White Rus- Russian
sian Special Military Dis- 1 October 1938
trict)
List of Power Plants of the
USSR
Intelligence Division, U. S.
War Department
Various scales
English
28 October 1946
Atlas Energeticheskikh Resur-
Gosudarstvennoye Ener-
Mainly
sov SSSR (Atlas of Power
geticheskoye Izdatel'stvo
1:1,500,000
Resources of the USSR)
(State Power Publishing
Russian
House)
1933-34
Ekono"micheskaya Geegrafaa
Akademiya Nauk, SSSR,
Chiefly
SSSR (Economic Geog-
Institut Ekonomiki
1:30,000,000
raphy of the USSR) by
(Academy of Sciences of
for European
Balzak, Vasyutin, and
the USSR, Institute of
USSR and
Feygin.
Economics), Moscow
1:1,000,000 to
1:4,000,000
for selected
regions.
Russian
1940 1942-44, includes all of Part 2 and
much of Part 1. Most of the maps are
in Russian. An English translation of
Part 1 with a complete redrafting of all
maps prepared under the auspices of
the American Council of Learned So-
cieties, is now in process of publication.
(5) Economic maps (TABLE XIII-10)
The best economic maps of western USSR are found in
the atlases, particularly the ' Bol'shoy Sovetskiy Atlas.
Regional atlases also present a large amount of valuable
information for the areas covered. Mineral deposits are
1947. Information on cables has been
revised from recent intelligence sources,
but other telecommunication data has
been copied from a 1941 German map.
Various kinds of telephone and telegraph Detail of telecommunica-
lines and stations are shown for the tions in the White Rus-
Belorussian Military District, which sian area.
includes all of the White Russian SSR
as of 1938 and the area eastward to
Kalinin and Bryansk. Black and
white.
General and sectional maps give electric Information on electric
power plants and lines according to power plants and lines.
size. Coordinates appear only on the
general map; all are black and white,
with a minimum of detail. Extensive
text gives description of individual
plants. Translation of German report
of 1 April 1944.
Potential solar and wind energy of the Comprehensive picture of
USSR given on maps at 1:10,000,000; energy resources.
7 other forms of energy are presented
in detail on 16 sheets. Except for
forests, exploitation of sources of energy
is included. The Severnaya Dvina-
Pechora and the Ukraine-Crimea sheets
are missing from the CIA copy.
Part 1 of volume contains 60 economic Comprehensive economic
maps of European USSR and Part 2, maps.
90 regional maps of the area. Both
parts are essentially reworkings in
monochrome of the Bol'shoy Sovetskiy
Atlas, with a complete text. The
German translation, Wirtschaftsgeo-
graphie der Ud. SSR (Economic Geog-
raphy of the USSR), Berlin-Dahlem,
listed with geologic maps in the section on physical maps.
The first two works described in this section are actually
reworkings of the economic maps in the Bol'shoy Sovet-
skiy Atlas. The last map, on the economy of Kirovskaya
Oblast', is probably one of a series of Soviet regional eco-
nomic maps, but no others are available.
Scale, language,
and date
Wehrgeographischer Atlas der Reichsdruckerei (State Pub- Chiefly without 226 maps, 6 pages giving name changes, Comprehensive series of
Union der Sozialischen Sowjet- lishing House) scale and 1 on pronunciation of Russian place economic maps with
republiken (Military Geo- German names. Most maps are black and some 1940 production
graphic Atlas of the Union of 1941 white, without coordinates, and cover figures.
Socialist Soviet Republics) either the entire USSR or the European
part. The bulk of the material appears
to be a reworking in monochrome of
the economic maps of Vol. 1 of the
Bol'shoy Sovetskiy Atlas, although addi-
tional strategic maps show production
in 1940. Some physical and historic
maps of military significance are in-
Original
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 Approved For Release 2003/05/14: CIA-RDP79-01144A000200010013-5
1' MAP APPkAISAL
Wehrgeographischer Atlas, etc.
(Continued)
Scale, language,
and date
U. S. Office of Military No scale
Government for Ger- English
many, Berlin 1946
Al'bom Kart-Skhem Ekono-
micheskikh Rayonov Soyuza
SSR (Album of Plans of the
Economic Regions of the
USSR)
Die Wehrwirtschaft der Union
der Sozialistischen Sowjet-
Republiken (The Military
Economy of the Union of
Soviet Socialist Republics)
Promyshlennost' SSSR na na-
chalo 2y Pyatiletki, Geografa-
cheskiy Atlas (Industry of the
USSR at the beginning of the
Second Five-Year Plan, A
Geographic Atlas)
Glavnoye Upravleniye Geo- Chiefly
dezii i Kartografli (Prin- 1:2,000,000
cipal Administration of Russian
Geodesy and Cartog- 1944
raphy)
Oberkommando der Wehr- 1:4,000,000
macht Wehrwirtschafts- German
uncl Rustungsamt (High 1941
Command of the Army,
Military Economy and
Preparations Office).
Vsesoyuznyy Kartograf- Chiefly
icheskiy Trost (All-Union 1:7,000,000
Cartographic Trust) Russian
1934
Polen and seine Wirtschaft Institut fur Osteuropaische No scale
(Poland and Its Economy) Wirtschaft (Institute for German
Eastern European Econ- 1937
omy), Konigsberg (now
Kaliningrad)
Ekonomicheskiy Atlas Murman- Murmansk Filial Geografo- Various scales
skogo Okruga Leningradskoy Ekonomicheskogo Nauch- Russian
Oblasti (Economic Atlas of the no-Issledovatel'skogo In- 1935
Murmansk Okrug of Lenin- stituta Leningradskogo
gradskaya Oblast') Gosudarstvennogo Uni-
versitota (Murmansk
Branch of the Economic
Geography Research In-
stitute of the Leningrad
State University)
Ekonomicheskaya Karla Ki- Glavnoye Upravleniye Geo- 1:500,000
rovskoy Oblasti (Economic dezii i Kartografii (Prin- Russian
Map of Kirovskaya Oblast') cipal Administration of 1939
Geodesy and Cartog-
raphy)
(6) City plans (TABLE XIII-11)
Town plans are listed alphabetically, using. Soviet names
except for the Baltic States, where the local spellings have
been preserved. The names of towns are cross-referenced
to alternative forms, if town names have undergone recent
change. Plans appearing in books as well as on indi-
vidual sheet maps are included. Where several plans are
given for one city, each plan supplies some pertinent data
not found on the others. Plans copied from topographic
Description
Page XIII-31
eluded. Dr. Ritter von Niedermayer,
an outstanding military geographer,
edited the atlas.
33 maps of greater Germany without co- Strategic raw materials
ordinates show raw material resources and industrial plants.
and industrial plants of primary im-
portance to the war effort. Three com-
plete maps and parts of a number of
the other sheets cover the German-
occupied portion of the USSR. These
maps were compiled in 1944 for Reichs-
marschall Goering.
Index map and one sheet each for the 13 Base maps for economic:
economic regions of USSR. Maps are regions.
unbound and without coordinates.
Major transport features and oblast
boundaries are shown. The set has
been reproduced in monochrome with
boundaries revised to 1946 (CIA Nos.
10472-85). These sheets are satis-
factory except that railroads in use
cannot be differentiated from those
projected.
16 unbound maps, including 9 of Euro- Strategic economic factors.
pean USSR, without coordinates. Pop-
ulation and the major economic aspects
of military significance are covered.
3 small, thoroughly cross-referenced
volumes of tables and text supplement
the maps.
64 unbound maps from GOSPLAN ma- Quantitative production
terial to 1 January 1933 present Soviet figures which on more
production by industry according to recent Soviet maps are
units of production or number of usually hidden by ruble
workers. File copy in USSR Division, values.
Office of International Trade, Depart-
ment of Commerce; Japanese edition
in CIA.
350 black-and-white maps with coordi- Economy of Poland.
nates, supplemented by 60 pages of text.
Economy constitutes the bulk of ma-
terial but some attention is given to
physical setting, population, history,
culture, and military strength.
26 maps and charts, 35 pages of descrip- Economy of Murmansk
tion and tables. area
Area is divided according to intensity of Economy of Kirovskaya
cultivation of grain and flax, or type of Oblast'.
forest cover. Details are given of
minerals, industries classified by value
of product, rayon boundaries, towns
classified by population and adminis-
trative function, roads, railroads, and
inland waterways. Insets at 1:3,000,000
give additional data on geology, soils,
climate, light industry, livestock, and
culture.
sheets without the incorporation of new information are
omitted. In the selection of town plans, those in western
European languages are given preference wherever prac-
tical.
Hydrographic features, roads, and railroads are shown
on all maps. Additional features are noted for each plan.
Since geographic coordinates are rarely shown they are
mentioned specifically wherever they occur. Plane grids
will also be noted if they enhance the value of a map.
Original
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 Page XIII-32
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JANIS, 40
Arkhangel'sk
64?30'N, 40?40'E
a. Arkhangel'sk
b. Plan Arkhangel'skogo porta (Plan
of the Port of Arkhangel'sk) -
c. Stadtplan von Archangelsk mit
Mil.-Geo.-Objekten (City Plan
of Arkhangel'sk with Military-
Geographic Objectives)
Astrakhan'
46?20'N, 48?E
a. Stadtplan von Astrachan mit Mil.
Geo. Objekten (City Plan of
Astrakhan' with Military-Geo-
graphic Objectives)
b. Stadtplan Astrachan (City Plan
of Astrakhan')
Borisov
54?14'N, 28?34'E
a. Stadtplan von Borissow (City
Plan of Borisov)
b. Plan G. Borisova B. S. S. R. (City
Plan of Borisov, White Russian,
SSR)
Brest
52?05'N, 23?43'E
Brzesc nad Bugiem (Brest)
Cernauti. See Chernovtsy.
Chernigov
51?29'N,31?19'E
Stadtplan von Tschernigow (City
Plan of Chernigov)
Chernovtsy
48?18'N, 25?56'E
Stadtplan von Czernowitz (City
Plan of Chernovtsy)
Chisindu. See Kishinev.
Daugavpils
55?53'N, 26?32'E
'Stadtplan von Dtinabu:rg (City Plan
of Daugavpils)
Dnepropetrovsk
48?28'N, 35?02'E
Stadtplan von Dnepropetrowsk (City
Plan of Dnepropetrovsk)
Publisher and date
Armee Karten Stelle (Army Map
Depot) 464
January 1943
Gidrograficheskoye Upravleniye
(Hydrographic Administration)
1933
Gencralstab des Heeres, Abteilung
fiir Kricgskarten and Vermcss-
ungswesen (General Staff of the
Army, Military Map and Sur-
vey Section)
March 1942
Scale and
language
1:25,000 File copy Good detail of individual buildings, probably
German AMS from aerial photos. Names of suburbs but
no street names. Over 200 military ob-
jectives numbered but legend missing.
1:25,000 File copy Depths of channels and cable crossings.
Russian HO Street names appear on insets (1:5,000 and
1:10,000) covering important port areas.
1:13,300 File copy 94 military objectives and street names are
German Map Branch given, with index of names and location
CIA by plane grid on the back. Vegetation,
streetcar tracks, ship channels, and indus-
tries by type.
Gen.-St. d. H., Abt. f. Kr.-Kart.
u. Verm.-Wesen
Druckereibatteri (Reproduction
Company) 520
September 1942
1:16,500
German
1:16,500
German
File copy
Map Branch
CIA
File copy
Map Branch
CIA
56 military objectives and street names, with
indexes based on plane grid. Inset:
Wolga-Mundungsgebiet (Volga Delta),
1:250,000, locates. Astrakhan' in relation
to the mouth of the Volga,
Long list of military objectives named and
indexed. Differs somewhat from preced-
ing map. Streets named but not indexed.
Map shows full coordinates for geographic
grid based on Greenwich and military grid.
Reichsamt fiir Landesaufnahme
1:10,000
File copy
Street names indexed according to plane
(Reich Land Survey Office)
March 1941
German
Map Branch
CIA
grid.
Belgosproyekt (White Russian
1:10,000
File copy
Streets named but not indexed. Triangula-
State Plan)
AMS
tion points, topography, vegetation, mili-
1936
tary grid. Railroad right-of-way is left
blank. No buildings are shown. Detail
taken from 1934-35 surveys.
Gencralstab des Heeres, 9 Abteil-
1:20,000
File copy
Street names in Polish. A few military ob-
ung (General Staff of the Army,
German
AMS
jectives added in German. Military grid,
9th Section)
Polish
vegetation, spot elevations, through routes.
[ca. 1941]
Ortskommandantur Tschernigow
(Office of the Commander of
Chernigov)
September 1941
Reichsamt fur Laidesaufnahme
March 1941
1:10,000
German
Russian
1:12,500
German
File copy
Map Branch
CIA
File copy
Map Branch
CIA
Street names in Russian; principal streets
and military objectives in both languages.
Copy of Rumanian map with streets and
about 100 buildings named.
Reichsamt fur Landesaufnahme
1:15,000
File copy
Street named in Latvian and 22 buildings in
March 1941
German
Map Branch
German; both located by plane grid.
Latvian
CIA
Vegetation. Loss in reprinting of Latvian
map more than compensated for by addi-
tion of building names in German.
Kriegskarten and Vermessungs-
1:20,000
File copy
1934 Soviet surveys corrected by German air
wesen Amt. Dnepropetrowsk
German
AMS
photos. Streets and public buildings
(Military Map and Survey Of-
named. Through streets, streetcar lines,
fice, Dnepropetrovsk)
contours, geographic coordinates. De-
August 1943
stroyed buildings indicated in legend but
not on map.
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Original
 Approved For Release 2003/05/14: CIA-RDP79-01144A000200010013-5
MAP APPRAISAL
Engel's
51?25'N, 46?10'E
Stadtplanskizze von Engels (Sketch
Map of Engel's)
Gomel'
52?25'N, 31?1'E
Plan Goroda Gomelya (City Plan of
Gomel')
Gor'kiy
56?15'N, 43?58'E
Stadtplanskizze von Gorkij (Nishnij
Nowgorod) mit Mil.-Geo.-Objeck-
ten (Sketch Map of Gor'kiy with
Military-Geographic Objectives)
Grodno
Scale and
language
Gen.-St. d. H., Abt. f. Kr.-Kart. 1:20,000
u. Vertu.-Wesen German
August 1941
Comit6 gbologique, Leningrad, 1:8,000
Materiaux pour la Geologie Gener- Russian
ale et Appliquee, Vol. 63, 1927,
Pl. VI
Gen.-St. d. H., Abb. f. Kr.-Kart. 1:12,250
u. Verm.-Wcsen German
November 1941
Availability
Page .XIII-33
File copy 16 military objectives located, others named
AMS in the margin. Vegetation but no street
names. Map is highly generalized.
File copy Streets and a few buildings named.
AMS
File copy 60 military objectives located; 28 additional
Map Branch listed but exact location unknown. Streets
CIA named; table of name changes. Rayon
boundaries.
53?40'N, 23?50'E
a. Stadtplan von Grodno (City Plan
................
1:10,000
File copy
of Grodno)
1937
German
AMS
b. Verkehrsplan von Grodno (Trans-
Generalstab des Heeres, 9 Abteil-
1:10,000
File copy
portation Map of Grodno)
ung
German
AMS
[ca. 1937]
Polish
c. Stadtplan von(Grodno City Plan
Reichsamt fiir Landesaufnahme
1:10,000
File copy
of Grodno)
Haapsalu
March 1941
German
Map Branch
CIA
58?56'N, 23?32'E
Stadtplan von Hapsal (City Plan of
Reichsamt fur Landesaufnahme
1:5,000
File copy
Haapsalu)
Ivanovo
German
Map Branch
CIA
57?01'N, 40?59'E
a. Stadtplan von Iwanowo (City
1:15,000
File copy
Plan of Ivanovo)
German
MapBranch
CIA
b. Mil.-Goo.-Planskizze von Iwan-
Gen.-St. d. H., Abt. f. Kr.-Kart.
1:16,000
File copy
owo (Military-Geographic
u. Verm.-Wesen
German
Map Branch
Sketch Plan of Ivanovo)
July 1941
CIA
c. Plan g. Ivanovo (City Plan of
Rabochiy Kray
1:20,000
File copy
Ivanovo)
Jelgava
1935
Russian
AMS
56?38'N, 23?43E
Stadtplan von Mitau (City Plan of
Reichsamt fur Landesaufnahme
1:10,000
File copy
Jelgava)
Kalinin
March 1941
German
Latvian
Map Branch
CIA
56?51'N, 35?57'E
Plan g. Tveri (City Plan of Kalinin)
Goskartogeodeziy (State Adminis-
tration of Cartography and
Geodesy)
1:10,000
Russian
File copy
'AMS
ca. 1927
Kaliningrad (Konigsberg)
54?42'N, 20?31'E
a. Town Plan of Konigsberg,
Great Britain, General Staff, Geo-
1:15,000
File copy
GSGS 4480
graphical Section
English
Map Branch
1944
German
CIA
b. Port of Konigsberg
CIA No. 5413
1:12,900
Distribution
December 1944
English
copies,
CIA
c. Konigsberg Plan of Port and
Naval Staff, Intelligence Division
1:9,000
File copy
Town
October 1937
English
Map Branch
CIA
Original
Main streets and important buildings named.
Rayons, vegetation, topography. 1937
base information.
Streets and important buildings named in
Polish, streets located by plane grid.
Through roads, vegetation, topography on
1937 base. Inset: Stadtkern (Center of
City), 1:4,000.
75 buildings named, streets indexed by plane
grid. Based on 1937 Polish map, with
vestiges of original spellings remaining.
24 buildings named, streets indexed by plane
grid.
Based on air photos of January 1943.
Vegetation shown, but no streets named.
Major streets and 36 military objectives
named. Vegetation shown. Map lacks
much of the detail shown on Stadtplan von
Iwanowo.
Street names, topography
Streets named in Latvian and located by
plane grid. Buildings named in German.
Based on surveys of 1922-27. Street names,
topography, military grid. No buildings
shown. No legend.
German map with English legend. Street
and building names indexed by plane grid.
Corner numbers, streetcar and bus lines,
vegetation. Inset: Heart of city, 1:8,500.
Main street and buildings named. Empha-
sis on harbor installations, with corrections
from aerial photographs. Insets: Port of
Pillau (Baltiysk), 1:15,000; and Konigsberg
and Pillau, 1:31,000.
Streets named. Fuller industrial informa-
tion than on two preceding maps. (Orig-
inal at 1:8,500).
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 Page XIII-34
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JANIS 40
Publisher and date
Scale and
language
Availability i
Description
Kaluga
54?30'N,
36?16'E
Kalugi (City Plan of Kaluga Kaluzhskiye Otdel Gorodskogo 1:10,000 File copy
Plan g
From surveys of 1924-28.
Streets named,
.
Kommunal'nogo Khozyaystva Russian AMS
(Kaluga Division of City Ad-
blocks numbered. Map is incomplete.
ministration)
1928
Kandalaksha
67?12'N, 32?34'E
Kandalakscha
Armee Karten Stelle 464 1:10,000 File copy 39 military objectives and 4 streets named.
German AMS German legend partly obscured by in-
French complete French legend. High-tension
lines, topography, and detail of individual
buildings from air photos.
Kaunas
23?54E
54?53'N
,
Stadtplan von Kowno (City Plan of
Reichsamt fur Landesaufnahme
1:15,000
File copy
Street names in Lithuanian located by plane
Kaunas)
Kazan'
March 1941
German
Lithuanian
Map Branch
CIA
grid; building names in German.
55?48'N, 49?10'E
Mil.-Geo.-Planskizze von Kasan
Gen.-St. d. H., A.bt. f. Kr.-Kart.
1:22,000
File copy
Street names, detailed list of military ob-
(Military-Geographic Sketch Plan
of Kazan')
Kem'
u. Verm.-Wesen
October 1941
German
AMS
jectives, vegetation.
34?40'E
64?59'N
,
Kem
Khar'kov
Armee Karten Stelle 464
October 1943
1:10,000
German
File copy
AMS
Military objectives located by plane grid.
Major streets named; buildings shown in
detail, probably from air photos.
36?11'E
49?58'N
,
a. Stadtplan Charkow (City Plan of
Kriegskarten and Vermessungs-
1:15,000
File copy
Based on 1932 Ukranian City Plan, corrected
Kh.ar'kov)
wesen, Amt Charkow (Military
Map and Survey, Khar'kov
Office)
August 1942
German
AMS
from air photos of 1941. Street names,
throughway streets, and streetcar lines.
b. Mil.-Geo.-Plan von Charkow
Gen.-St. d. II., Abt. f. Kr.-Kart.
1:15,000
File copy
Large number of military objectives located
(Military-Geographic Plan of
U. Verm.-Wesen
German.
Map Branch
by plane grid. Streets and buildings
Khar'kov)
Kherson
September 1941
CIA
named.
46?38'N, 32?36'E
a.. Mil.-Geo.-Plan von. Chersson
Gen.-St. d. H.,. Abt. f. Kr.-Kart.
u.. Verm.-Wesen
November 1941
1:15,000
German
File copy
Map Branch
CIA
Military objectives and streets named.
b. Stadtplan von Cherson (City Plan
Reichsamt fur Landesaufnahme
1:15,000
File copy
74 military objectives and streets named.
of Kherson)
Kiev
March 1941
German
Map Branch
CIA
Objectives lack the selectivity of the pro-
ceding map.
50?28'N, 30?31'E
a. Mil.-Geo.-Plan von Kiew (Mili-
Gen.-St. d. H., Abt. f. Kr.-Kart.
1:25,000
File copy
Detailed list of military objectives, streets
tary-Geographic Plan of Kiev)
u. Verm.-Wesen
German
Map Branch
named and located by plane grid.
1941
CIA
b. Stadtplan Kiew (City Plan of
Kriegs-Karten and Vermessung-
samt Kiew (Military Map and
Survey, Kiev Office)
April 1943
1:25,000
German
File copy
AMS
Street names, vegetation. Includes suburbs,
with corrections from aerial surveys.
c. Stadtplan von Kiew (City Plan
Kr.-Kart. u. Verm.-Amt Warschau
1:25,000
File copy
Street names, streetcar and bus routes,
of Kiev)
(Military Map and Survey,
Warsaw Office)
German
Map Branch
CIA
rayons, throughway streets, hotels, and
vegetation. Based on unpublished local
May 1942
map of 1941.
Kirov (Vyatka)
58?35'N, 49?42'E
Stadtplanskizze von Kirow (Sketch .Gen.-St. d.. H., Abt. f. Kr.-Kart. 1:27,500
Map of Kirov) u. Verm.-Wesen German
Kirovograd (Kirovo)
48?31'N, 32?15'E
Plan derStadt Kirowograd (City ...............
Plan of Kirovograd)
Kirovsk
67?32'N, 33?39'E
File copy 23 military objectives and main streets
Map Branch named. Topography.
CIA
1:10,000 File copy Streets and buildings named.
German AMS
Kirowsk Armee Oberkommando, Abteilung 1:11,000
Ic German
November 1943
File copy 25 buildings and 2 streets named. High-
AMS tension lines and detailed outline of indi-
vidual buildings, probably from air photos.
Original
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 Approved For Release 2003/05/14: CIA-RDP79-01144A000200010013-5
MAP APPRAISAL
Page XilI-35
Scale and
language
Kishinev (Chisindu)
47?02'N, 28?52'E
Stadtplan von Kischinew (City Plan Reichsamt fur Landesaufnahme 1:10,000 File copy Over 60 buildings and streets named. Based
of Kishinev) November 1941 German Map Branch on Rumanian map.
Klaipeda
55?42'N,
CIA
21?10'E
Lagepla
n der Stadt Memel (City M. Gelzinis 1:5,000 File copy Streets and public buildings named in both
Plan
of Klaipeda) 1943 Lithuanian AM.S languages and located by plane grid.
German House numbers complete.
Kola
68?51'N, 33?08E
Kola Armee Oberkommando, Abteilung 1:10,000 File copy 39 buildings named, with detail probably
Ic German AMS taken from aerial photographs. High-
September 1943 . tension lines but no street names,
Konigsberg. See Kaliningrad.
Kostroma
57?46'N, 40?59'E
Stadtplanskizze von Kostroma
Gen.-St. d. II., Abt, f. Kr.-Kart.
1:10,500
File copy
4 military objectives located and others listed
(Sketch Map of Kostroma)
u. Verm.-Wesen
German
AMS
without exact location. Streets named.
Map generalized from material of 1931 or
earlier.
Kremenchug
49?04'N, 33?29'E
a. Stadtplan von Krementschug
(City Plan of Kremenchug)
b. Stadtplan Krementschug (City
Plan of Kremenchug)
Krivoy Rog
47?56'N, 33?21'E
Stadtplan Kriwoi Rog and Umge-
bung (City Plan of Krivoy Rog
and Vicinity)
Kr. K. u. Verm. Amt. Charkow
(Military Map and Survey,
Khar'kov Office)
November 1942
Verm. u. Kart. Abt. 633 (Map and
Survey Section 633)
November 1941
Kr.-Kart. u. Verm.-Amt Berdit-
schew (Military Map and Sur-
vey, Berdichev Office)
November 1943
1:10,000
German
Ukrainian
1:10,000
German
1:15,000
German
File copy
AMS
File copy
Map Branch
CIA
File copy
AMS
Kursk
51?45'N, 36?09'E
Gored Kursk (City of Kursk)
Kurskaya Oblastnaya Planovaya
Komissiya (Kurskaya Oblast'
Planning Commission)
No scale
Russian
File copy
Map Branch
CIA
1935
Kuybyshev
53?10'N, 50?10'E
Mil.-Geo.-Planskizze von Kujby-
schew (Military-Geographic
Sketch Plan of Kuybyshev)
Leningrad
59?55'N, 30?20'E
a. Mil.-Geo.-Plan von Leningrad
(Military-Geographic Plan of
Leningrad)
Gen.-St. d. H., Abt. f. Kr.-Kart.
u. Verm.-Wesen
July 1941
Gen.-St. d. H., Abt. f. Kr.-Kart.
u. Verm.-Wesen
April 1941
1:17,500
German
1:25,000
German
File copy
AMS
File copy
Map Branch
CIA
b. Plan Leningrada (City Plan of
Leningradskyy Oblispolkom i Len-
1:25,000
File copy
Leningrad)
ingradskyy Sovet (Leningrad
Russian
Map Branch
District Executive Committee
CIA
and Soviet)
1936
c. Plan des Leningrader Hafens
Gen.-St. d. II., Abt. f. Kr.-Kart.
1:15,000
File copy
(Plan of Leningrad Harbor)
u. Verm.-Wesen
German
Map Branch
1941
CIA
Liepaja
56?30'N, 21?00'E
a, Liepajas Plans (Plan of Liepaja)
P. Mantnieka Kartografijas Insti-
1:20,000
File copy
tuts (P. Mantnieks Cartographic
Latvian
Map Branch
Institute)
CIA
1935
b. Stadtplan von Libau (City Plan
Reichsamt fur Landesaufnahme
1:10,000
File copy
of Liepaja)
1940
German
Map Branch
Latvian
CIA
Original
24 industrial targets named in both languages.
No street names. City limits shown.
Many streets and several buildings named.
Vegetation.
Streets and important buildings named and
located by plane grid. Topography, vege-
tation.
Streets named in downtown area. Indus-
tries classified in legend but not on map.
19 military objectives and streets named.
Streetcar lines, vegetation
Street names in Russian, major street names
transliterated. Plane-grid index covers
main streets, buildings, and military ob-
jectives. Rayon boundaries are slightly in
error. Copied from 1936 Soviet map,
Plan Leningrada.
Streets and buildings named and located by
plane grid. Bus, streetcar and local river
boat routes, corner numbers, and rayon
boundaries.
Streets and buildings of harbor area named.
1935 information.
Streets and buildings named and indexed by
plane grid. Corner numbers, vegetation,
streetcar lines.
Streets named in Latvian and buildings in
German. Both indexed by geographic co-
ordinates. Detail is better on above map
but this one contains later information.
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JANIS 40
Scale and
language
L'vov
49?49'N, 24?02!E
Stadtplan von Lemberg (City Plan Reichsamt fur Landesaufnahme 1:15,000
of L'vov) March 1941 German
Polish
Minsk
53?55'N, 27?35'E
Plan der Stadt Minsk (City Plan of Armee Karten-M Stelle 533 (Army 1:10,000
Minsk) Map Depot 533) German
January 1942
Mogilev
53?54'N, 30?20'E
Plan Goroda Mogileva (City Plan of
Mogilev)
Monchegorsk
67?55'N, 32?59'E
Montschegorsk
Moscow
55?45'N, 37?36'E
a. Moskau Atlas
c. Moskau Verkehrsmittel (Trans-
portation Map of Moskua)
d. Mil.-Geo.-Plan von Moskau I
(Military-Geographic Plan of
Moscow I)
e. Atlas of Geological and Hydrologi-
cal Maps of the City of Moscow
f. Plan G. Moskvy (City Plan of
Moscow)
Mil.-Geo.-Plan von Moskau II
(Military-Geographic Plan of
Moscow, II)
Murmansk
68?50'N, 33?10'E
Murmansk
Narva
59?22'N, 28?08'E
a. Mil.-Geo.-Plan Narwa (Military-
Geographic Plan of Narva)
b. Stadtplan von Narwa (City Plan
of Narva)
Armee Karten Stelle 464
1943
File copy 252 buildings and streets named and located
Map Branch by plane grid. Topography shown. Map
CIA is essentially copy of Polish original.
File copy Streets, 107 military objectives, and 42 public
AMS buildings named and located by plane grid.
Throughway streets, ghetto limits, parks,
and destroyed parts of town shown.
...... File copy Streets named.
Russian AMS
1:12,500 File copy Streets and 29 military objectives named and
German AMS located by plane grid. Detailed building
French outlines, probably based on air photos.
Gen.-St. d. H., Abt. f. Kr.-Kart. 1:83,000
u. Verm.-Wesen German
1941 Russian
Gen.-St. d. II., Abt. f. Kr.-Kart.
u. Verm.-Wesen
1941
Gen.-St. d.. H., Abt. f. Kr.-Kart.
u. Verm.-Wesen
1941
Gen.-St. d. H., Abt. f. Kr.-Kart.
u. Verm.-Wesen
1941
File copy Atlas of 25 maps of Moscow, essentially a
Map Branch systematic military-target study reduced
CIA from Mil.-Geo.-Plan von Moskau, 1:25,000
and using the same plane grid. Indexed
target tests in German, minor names in
Russian.
Throughway streets named; 16 types of
industries shown.
ca 1:65,000 File copy
German Map Branch
CIA
1:35,000 File copy
German Map Branch
Russian CIA
1:25,000 File copy
German Map Branch
Russian CIA
Streetcar, bus, and subway routes with
servicing facilities. Streets named in
Russian. Inset of projected subway lines.
Hundreds of military objectives named in
German and streets named mostly in
Russian. Both located by plane grid.
Throughway streets, rayon boundaries.
Based on 1940 Soviet material.
Transactions of the All-Union 1:25,000
Scientific Research Institute of Russian
Economic Mineralogy and of English
the Moscow Geological Ilydro-
logical and Geodetical Trust.
1935
G. U. G. K. (Principal Adminis- 1:20,000
tration of Geodesy and Cartog- Russian
raphy)
1940
Gen.-St. d. H., Abt. f. Kr.-Kart. 1:10,000
u. Verm.-Wesen German
1941 Russian
Fabrika Kartolitografiya Mosk. 1:10,000
Obl. Kom. Otd. Moskva (Mos- Russian
cow Cartographic Plant)
1935
Fabrika Kar tografiya Mosk. Obl. 1:5,000
Kom. Otd. Moskva (Moscow Russian
Cartographic Plant)
1935-36
Armee Karten Stelle 464
Gen.-St. d. II., Abt. f. Kr.-Kart.
u. Verm.-Wesen
July 1941
Reichsamt fur Landesaufnahme
1941
File copy 5 maps and geologic cross-sections of Moscow,
Map Branch unbound and all without coordinates.
CIA Geology, relief, and water table. Street
names in Russian only.
File copy Street and railroad names, corner numbers,
Map Branch vegetation. Index and most military
CIA objectives omitted.
File copy Enlarged version of Mil.-Geo.-Plan von
Map Branch Moskau I, 1:25,000. Same grid used for
CIA both maps and for Moskau Atlas.
File copy Streets and railroads named; street corners
AMS numbered. High-tension lines, vegeta-
(18 out of tion, topography. Buildings divided into
about 42 public, stone, and others, but not named.
sheets) Based on official surveys of 1926-35.
File copy Streets and railroads named. Three types
AMS of roads, streetcar lines, topography,
(46 out of vegetation, and fances. Buildings classi-
about 140 fied as wood or stone, with number of
sheets) floors of latter. Based on surveys of
1926-35.
1:10,000
File copy
Shows 133 military objectives, street names,
German
AMS
and destroyed sections of town. Revised
from air photos.
1:10,000
File copy
Street names in Estonian; 38 military ob-
German
AMS
jectives in German. Topography, prop-
Estonian
erty lines.
1:10,000
File copy
Streets named in Estonian and 100 buildings
German
Map Branch
in German; both located by plane grid.
Estonian
CIA
Based on 1939 Estonian map.
Approved For Release 2003/05/14: CIA-RDP79-01144A000200010013-5
Original
 Approved For Release 2003/05/14: CIA-RDP79-01144A000200010013-5
MAP APPRAISAL
TABLE XIII 11 -(Continued)
Nikolayev
46?58'N, 32?01'E
Stadtplan von Nikolajew and Umge-
bung (City Plan of Nikolayev and
Vicinity)
Nomme
59?23'N, 24?39'E
a. Nomme, Linna Plaan (City Plan
of Nomme)
b. Stadtplan von, Nomme (City
Plan of Nomme)
Novgorod
58?32'N, 31?18'E
Plan goroda Novgorod (City Plan
of Novgorod)
Odessa
46?27'N, 30?48'E
Stadtplan von Odessa (City Plan of
Odessa)
Orel
52?56'N, 36?05'E
Gorod Orel (City of Orel)
Parnu
58?22'N, 24?30'E
Stadtplan von Pernau (City Plan of
Parnu)
Pechenga
69?33'N, 31?12'E
Petsamo, Liinahamari, Plan of Port;
GSGS 4437
Pinsk
52?07'N, 26?07'E
Stadtplan von Pinsk (City Plan of
Pinsk)
Polotsk
55?29'N, 28?48'E
Stadtplan von Polozk (City Plan of
Polotsk)
Poltava
49?36'N, 34?35'E
Poltawa
Proskurov
49?29'N, 26?58'E
Proskurow
Pskov
57?48'N, 28?19'E
Mil.-Geo.-Plan von Pskow (Mili-
tary-Geographic Plan of Pskov)
Rechitsa
52?21'N, 30?25'E
Plan g. Rechitsy (City Plan of
Rechitsa)
Reval. See Tallinn.
Original
Reichsamt Mr Landesaufnahme
March 1941
J. Mannik
ca. 1936
Reichsamt Mr Landesaufnahme
April 1941
Scale and
language
Availability
Page XIII-37
1:25,000 File copy A few buildings but no streets named.
German Map Branch Topography.
CIA
1:10,000 File copy Streets named and indexed by plane grid.
Estonian AMS Corner numbers, bus lines.
1:10,000 File copy Streets and buildings named, with latter
German Map Branch indexed by plane grid. Based on 1937
CIA Estonian map.
Otdel Voyenno-Topograficheskaya 1:7,500
Sluzhba, SFZ (Military Topo- Russian
graphic Service of SFZ)
ca. 1942
Reichsamt fur Landesaufnahme
March 1941
Kurskaya Oblastnaya Planovaya
Komissiya (Kurskaya Oblast'
Planning Commission)
1935
File copy Streets named; individual buildings classi-
Map Branch fied according to amount of destruction.
CIA Revised from aerial photographs and
Soviet material to October 1941.
1:15,000 File copy
German Map Branch
CIA
...... File copy
Russian Map Branch
CIA
Reichsamt fur Landesaufnahme 1:15,000
March 1941 German
Estonian
Great Britain, Inter-Service Topo- 1:6,800
graphical Department English
1943
Streets and buildings named and indexed by
plane grid. Topography. .
Streets named. In Rayony Kurskoy Oblasti
(Rayons of Kurskaya Oblast') p, 60.
File copy Streets and 30 buildings named in Estonian
Map Branch and German, all located by plane coordi-
CIA nates. Map based on 1932 Estonian city
plan.
File copy Buildings named. Inset: Trifona, 1:27,000,
Map Branch with stub coordinates based on Greenwich.
CIA
Reichsamt fur Landesaufnahme 1:5,000 File copy
Kartenstelle II, Abt. 10 (Map De- 1:10,000
pot II, Section 10) German
Streets and public buildings named and
located by plane grid. Vegetation. From
1929 Polish map.
File copy 35 buildings but no streets named. Vegeta-
AMS tion, topography Corrected from air
photos.
Kr. Kart. u. Verm.-Amt, Kiew 1:20,000 File copy
(Military Map and Land Survey German AMS
Section, Kiev)
September 1942
1:10,000 File copy Streets and buildings named. Map un-
German Map Branch finished,
CIA
Gen.-St. d. H., Abt. f. Kr.-Kart. 1:25,000
u. Verm.-Wesen German
1941
Belgosproyekt (White Russian 1:5,000
State Plan) Russian
1935-36
File copy Major streets and military objectives named.
Map Branch Base material from USSR 1:50,000 map.
CIA
File copy Streets named and a few buildings located:
AMS Vegetation, topography. Excellent detail
but map appears to be unfinished. In 10
sheets.
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 Page XIII-38
Riga
56?58'N, 24?05'E
a. Rigas Plans (City Plan of Riga) Spiestuve- Valstsparpiru
1033
b. Stadtplan von Riga (City Plan of Reichsamt fur Lan.desaufnahme
Riga) March 1941
c. Mil.-Geo.-Plan von Riga (Mili-
tary Geographic Plan of Riga)
d. Rigas Ostas Centrala Dala (The
Central Section of the Port of
Riga)
e. Riga
Romny -
50?46'N, 33?31'E
Plan Mista Romen
Romny)
Rostov-na-Donu
47?12'N, 39?42'E
a. Rostow (Rostov)
b. Mil.-Geo.-Plankizze von Rostow
am Don (Military-Geographic
Sketch Plan of Rostov-on-the-
Don)
Rybinsk. See Shcherbakov.
Saratov
51?30'N; 45?55'E
a. Mil.-Geo.-Plan von Saratow (Mil-
itary-Geographic Plan of Sara-
tov)
b. Stadtplan von Saratow (City
Plan of Saratov)
Sevastopol'
44?35'N, 33?32'E
Stadtplan von Sevastopol
Plan of Sevastopol')
Shcherbakov (Rybinsk)
58?01'N, 38?41'E
Rybinsk
Simferopol'
44?57'N, 34?04'E
Stadtplan Simferopol (City Plan of
Simferopol')
Smolensk
54?45'N, 32?01'E
Plan Goroda Smolenska (City Plan
of Smolensk)
Sovetsk (Tilsit)
55?03'N, 21?54'E-
Pharus-Plan Tilsit
Stalingrad
48?40'N, 44?30'E
Plan of Stalingrad Industrial Region
Approved For Release 2003/05/14: CIA-RDP79-01144A000200.010013-5
JANIS 40
No scale File copy Streets and important buildings named.
Russian AMS Vegetation. Unfinished World War II
map in 6 sheets.
Publisher and date
Scale and
language'
1:25,000 File copy Streets and buildings named. U. S. Lega-
Latvian AMS tion. Corner numbers, building zones,
and streetcar lines. Inset: Vecpilseta,
1:10,000.
1:25,000 File copy Streets named in Latvian and 118 buildings
German Map Branch in German; both located by plane grid.
Latvian CIA Corner numbers, through routes, vegeta-
tion, streetcar lines. Inset of center of
Gen.-St. d. H., Abt. f. Kr.-Kart. 1:25,000
u. Vertu.-Wesen German
July 1941 Latvian
A. Osins & P. Mantnieks Karto- 1:15,000
grafijas Instituts, Riga English
ca. 1930 Latvian
A. Osins & P. Mantnieks Karto- 1:25,000
grafijas Instituts, Riga. English
ca. 1930 Latvian
Gen.-St. d. 3I., Abt. f. Kr.-Kart. 1:15,000 File copy Streets and many military objectives named.
u. Verm.-Wesen German Map Branch From 1934 Soviet map, highly generalized.
File copy Streets named in Latvian, 250 military ob-
AMS jectives listed in German. Corner num-
bers, vegetation, streetcar lines. Inset of
center of town.
File copy Street names in Latvian. Good detail of
AMS harbor and installations.
File copy Street names in Latvian. Important build-
AMS ings named in English also. Detail of
entire harbor, with emphasis on naviga-
tion facilities.
1:4,200 File copy Streets named Unfinished manuscript map
Ukrainian AMS of World War II.
'Gen.-St. d. II., Abt. f. Kr.-Kart. 1:10,000
u. Verm.-Weser German
August 1941
Gen.-St. d. H., Abt. f. Kr.-Kart. 1:20,000
u. Verm.-Weson German
February 1942 Russian
Reichsamt fur Landesaufnahme
April 1941
File copy Military objectives and streets named.
AMS Streetcar lines, vegetation. From 1926
city plan.
File copy Streets named in Russian, 100 military ob-
AMS jectives in German. Streetcar lines, vege-
tation, topography. From 1935 Soviet
map. Lacks detail for center of town
shown on preceding map.
1:10,000 File copy Streets and buildings named.
German Map Branch
CIA
Gen.-St. d. H., Abt. f. Kr.-Kart. 1:25,000 File copy Military objectives and individual buildings,
u. Verm.-Wesen German AMS but no street names. Base information
July 1942 undated but later than completion of
Rybinsk reservoir.
Karten Batterie (Map Division)
613
March 1943
1:10,000 File copy Streets named and indexed by plane grid.
German AMS Vegetation.
Comite Geologique, Leningrad, 1:20,000 File copy Streets and more important buildings named.
Maieriaux pour la Geologie Gen- Russian AMS Topography, vegetation.
erale et Appliquee, Vol. 63, 1927,
Plate II
Pharus-Verlag
No date
Stalingrad newspaper, Bor'ba
ca. 1926
1:16,000 File copy Street names and corner numbers.
German Map Branch
CIA
1:20,000 File copy Streets named in Russian, buildings in
English AMS English. Streetcar lines, topography, high-
Russian tension lines.
Original
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 Approved For Release 2003/05/14: CIA-RDP79-01144A000200010013-5
MAP APPRAISAL
TABLE XIII - 11 (Continued)
Stalino
47?59'N, 37?48'E
Stadtplan Stalino (City Plan of
Stalino)
Stanislav' (Stanislawow)
48?54'N, 24?44'E
Stadtplan von Stanislau (City Plan Reichsamt fur Landesaufnahme 1:10,000 File copy. Streets and 125 buildings named and indexed.
of Stanislav') March 1941 German Map Branch by plane grid. District boundaries. In-
CIA set of center of city, 1:5,000.
Taganrog
47?12'N, 38?57'E
Stadtplanskizze von Taganrog Vermessungs and Kartenabteilung 1:15,000
(Sketch map of Taganrog) (Survey and Mapping Unit) 602 German
No date
Tallinn
59?26'N, 24?46'E
a. Mil.-Geo. Plan von Revel (Mili- Gen.-St. d. II., Abt. f. Kr.-Kart. 1:12,500
tary-Geographic Plan of Tal- u. Verm.-Wesen German
linn) July 1941
b. Stadtplan von Reval (City Plan Reichsamt fur Landesaufnahme 1:2,500
of Tallinn) March 1941 German
Estonian
c. Tallinna, Linna Plan (City Plan J. Mannik & E. Linholm
of Tallinn) 1934
d. ..................
[Title missing]
ca. 1920
Tambov -
52?45'N, 42?30'E
Stadtplan von Tambov (City Plan ................
Tartu
58?24'N, 26?48'E
a. Mil.-Geo.-Plan von Dorpat (Mili-
tary-Geographic Plan of Tartu)
b Stadtplan von Dorpat (City Plan
of Tartu)
c. Tartu Linna Plaan (City Plan of
Tartu)
Tilsit. See Sovetsk.
Tula
54?12'N, 37?39'E
a. Tula
b. Plan Goroda Tuly i Prilegayush-
chikh k Nemy Zemel' (City
Plan of Tula, with Surround-
ingArea)
Uman'
48?44'N, 30?12'E
Uman
Uzhgorod
48?38'N, 22?19'E
Uzhorod (inset on), Podrobny Preh-
led Politickeho Rozdcleni Zeme
Slovensk6 a Podkarpatorusk6
(Detailed Survey of the Political
Divisions of Slovakia and Ru-
thenia)
Original
German AMS power lines, public buildings, streetcar
lines, and mines.
File copy Streets and 65 buildings named. Based in.
Map Branch part on air photos of October 1941.
CIA
File copy Streets and 85 military objectives named.
AMS Vegetation based largely on 1939 Estonian
map.
File copy Streets and important buildings named in.
Map Branch Estonian; both indexed and located by
CIA plane grid. Vegetation. Based on 1939
Estonian map.
1:15,000 File copy Streets and important buildings named,
Estonian AMS indexed, and located by plane grid. Pro-
jected streets, streetcar lines. Inset of
center of town. More detail than two pre-
ceding German maps but less recent.
1:2,000 File copy Streets and important buildings named.
Estonian AMS . Corner numbers. Detailed but probably
(5 out of printed during 1920's.
14 sheets)
1:15,000 File copy Individual buildings and other information
German Map Branch from air base photos of October and
CIA November 1942, but only one name
appears on the map.
Gen.-St. d. H., Abt. f. Kr.-Kart. 1:7,500
u. Verm.-Wesen German
July 1941
Reichsamt fur Landesaufnahme 1:7,500
March 1941 German
Estonian
J. Linzbach No scale
No date Estonian
................
1942
Zemel'no-Planirovognoye Uprav-
leniye Tul'skogo Gorodskogo,
Kommuna Phyye Otdel (Tula
Municipal Planning and Ad-
ministration Division)
File copy 26 military objectives and streets named,
AMS indexed, and located by plane grid.
Vegetation.
File copy . Streets named in Estonian and 80 buildings
Map Branch in German; both indexed and located by
CIA plane grid. Based on 1937 Estonian map.
File copy Streets named and listed on reverse side,
Library of corner numbers, names of buildings, 4
Congress quarters of town. Does not cover as
much area as the two preceding German
maps, and information is.assumed to be:
older.
1:25,000 File copy Unfinished German military map, compiled
German Map Branch June 1942. Excellent detail, Legend.
CIA omitted but symbols are similar to those
appearing on many other, German city
plans of same year. Place names omitted.
1:15,000 File copy Street names, block numbers. Less detail
Russian Map Branch than on the more recent German map
CIA above.
1933
1:10,000
File copy
Streets and a few buildings named. Prob-
German
AMS
ably a World War II German Army map.
Vojensky Zemepisny Ustar (Mili-
1:12,300
File copy
Streets and important public buildings
tary Geographical Institute)
Czech .
Map Branch
named.
1936
CIA
Approved For Release 2003/05/14: CIA-RDP79-01144A000200010013-5
Scale and
language
Page XIII-39
.... . ........... 1:20,000 . File copy Street names, rayon boundaries, topography,
 Page XIII-40
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JANIS 40
TABLE XIII - 11 (Continued)
Ventspils
57?24'N, 21?36'.E
Ventspils
Viipuri. See Vyborg.
Vil'nyus
54'41'N, 25-17'E
a. Wilno Plan Miasta (City Plan of
Vil'nyus)
b. Stadtplan Wilna and Umgebung
(City Plan of Vil'nyus and
Vicinity)
Vinnitsa
49?12'N, 28?31'E
Stadtplan Winniza (City Plan of
Vinnitsa)
Vitebsk
55?11'N, 30?11'E
Stadtplan von Witebsk (City Plan
of Vitebsk)
Vladimir
56?08'N, 40?22'E
Mil.-Geo.-Planskizze von Wladimir
(Military-Geographic Sketch Map
of Vladimir)
Vologda
59?11'N, 39?51'E
Stadtplan von Wologda (City Plan
of Vologda)
Voronezh
51?40'N, 39?10'E
Vyatka. See Kirov.
Vyborg (Viipuri)
60?44'N, 28?42'E
Karta afver Wiborgs Stad ach am-
gifnirigar (Map of the City of
Vyborg and Vicinity)
Yaroslavl'
57?38'N, 39?53'E
Stadtplanskizze von Jarosslawl mit
Mil.-Geo.-Objekten (Sketch Map
of Yaroslavl' with Military-Geo-
graphic Objectives)
Yefremov
53?08'N, 38?05'E
Umgebung Jefremow (Y efremow and
Vicinity)
Zaporozh'ye
47?45'N, 35?11'E
Stadtplan. Saporoshje (City Plan of
Zaporozh'ye)
yL.).
vj~
Scale and
language
A. Oginl & P. Mantnieks Karto-
1:20,000
File copy
grafijas Instituts, Riga
English
AMS
ca. 1930
Latvian
Polish General Staff, War Office,
1:15,000
File copy
London GSGS 4435
Polish
AMS
1943
Reichsamt fur Landesaufnahme
1:15,000
File copy
March 1941
German
Map Branch
Polish
CIA
Kriegskarten and Vermessungs- 1:10,000
wesen Amt, Winniza (Vinnitsa German
Map and Survey Office)
August 1943
14 buildings named in English and Latvian;
a few streets named in Latvian. Harbor
details, with explanations and legend in
both languages.
Streets and 166 buildings named, indexed,
and located by plane grid. Vegetation
and topography.
Streets named in Polish and 66 buildings in
German; both indexed and located by
plane grid. Legend and abbreviation
table in German and Polish. Stub co-
ordinates based on Greenwich. From
Polish city plan.
File copy Streets named, indexed, and located by plane
AMS grid. Buildings named. Contours at 5-
meter intervals, vegetation, city limits.
From 1932 Soviet city plan, with recent
corrections from local German map and
survey office.
Reichsamt fur Landesaufnahme
March 1941
Gen.-St. d. H., Abt. f. Kr.-Kart.
u. Verm.-Wesen
July 1941
1:7,500
German
1:20,000
German
File copy
Map Branch
CIA
File copy
AMS
Gen.-St. d. H., Abt. f. Kr.-Kart.
1:15,500
File copy
u. Verm.-Wesen
German
Map Branch
August 1941
CIA
Voronezhskiye Gorsovet, Kom-
No scale
File copy
munal'nyye Otdel (Voronezh
Russian
Map Branch
City Soviet, Municipal Divi-
CIA (2 out
sion)
of a prob-
1931
able 6
sheets)
Wiborgs Bak & Stentrycker i
1:6,000
File copy
Aktiebalag
Swedish
AMS
1913
Finnish
Gen.-St. d. H., Abt. f. Kr.-Kart.
1:10,000
File copy
u. Verm.-Wesen
German
Map Branch
December 1941
CIA
Vermessungs and Kartenabteilung
1:15,000
File copy
(Survey and Mapping Unit) 620
German
Map Branch
November 1941
CIA
Armes Karten Stolle
1:10,000
File copy
521
German
AMS
Streets and 132 buildings named.
Main streets and buildings named. Essen-
tially a copy of 1928 Soviet city plan, with
improvements in cartographic presenta-
tion.
22 military objectives located, and 6 of the
main streets named.
Streets named within city but not in sub-
urbs. Vegetation and topography.
Streets and important buildings named.
City subdivision limits, property lines and
numbers of each holding, and buliding
numbers.
Important street names, with table of
changes under Soviet regime. Military
targets noted.
15 public buildings but no streets named.
Built-up areas incompletely shown. To-
pography, vegetation.
Most streets named, public buildings num-
bered. Streetcar lines. Legend missing.
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Original
 /Approved For Release 2003/05/14: CIA-RDP79-01144A000200010013-5
MAP APPRAISAL
E. General atlases
This section is a discussion of national and regional
atlases of either a general or a statistical nature, and of
comprehensive German military studies, which are essen-
tially regional atlases (TABLE XIII-12) . An atlas whose
major contribution is on a special subject is considered
with the maps on that subject.
Several national atlases warrant special attention.
The Bol'shoy Sovetskiy Atlas Mira is, the major work of
this type and the most important single source for maps
of the USSR within its pre-1939 boundaries. The Atlas
Republiky Ceckoslovenske and the Latvijas Statistikas
Atlas also represent important contributions in the field
of cartography. The older Atlas of Finland is still of con-
siderable value. The Atlyas Ukrayini likewise shows car-
tographic skill of a high quality although produced by a
staff in exile. Only minor portions of the Czechoslovak
and the Finnish atlases cover areas now incorporated into
the Soviet Union but such atlases present important in-
formation not readily available elsewhere.
(1) Bol'shoy Sovetskiy Atlas Mira, Tom I i II (Great Soviet
Atlas of the World, Volumes I and 11), 1937-39
The Great Soviet Atlas of the World was published in
accord with the Decree of 17 December 1933 of the Central
Executive Committee of the All-Union Communist Party
(Bolsheviks) and the Soviet of People's Commissars. It
was to consist of three volumes: Volume I-world cov-
erage and small-scale synoptic maps of the USSR; Volume
II-survey and economic maps of the Republics, Krays,
and Oblasts of the USSR; Volume III (not yet pub-
lished)-survey, physical, administrative, and economic
maps of continents and foreign countries.
A special institute was created to undertake the task of
publication; Nauchno-izdatel'skiy Institut Bol'shogo So-
vetskogo Atlasa Mira pri Tslk SSSR (Scientific-Publishing
Institute attached to the Central Executive Committee [of
the All-Union Communist Party-Bolsheviks], USSR).
Volume II was compiled by the Nauchno-Redaktsionnaya
Kartosotavitel'skaya Chast', Glavnoye Upravleniye Geo-
dezii i Kartografli pri SNK SSSR (Scientific-Editorial Map
Compilation Section, Principal Administration of Geodesy
and Cartography attached to the Soviet of People's Com-
missars, USSR).
Volume I, in two parts, was published in 1937. It is less
detailed and of earlier date than Volume II (1939). Part
I includes physical, economic, and sociological maps of
the world. Part II consists of 96 colored maps of the
physical geography, geology, climate, soils, mineral re-
sources, vegetation, zoogeography, 'commercial hunting,
power, manufacturing (heavy and light), agriculture, ani-
mal husbandry, collectivization, transportation, and for-
eign trade of the USSR as a whole.'
In spite of the wide range of subjects and large number
of maps, serious gaps are noticeable. There are no maps
on the density or ethnic composition of the people; the
climatic map series is incomplete; and maps on several
important aspects of agriculture are lacking. Quantita-
tive data are limited almost entirely to productivity meas-
ured in rubles. The value of Volume I lies in its com-
prehensive scope and generalized presentation of economic
and physical data. In 1940, a 180-page gazetteer to Vol-
ume I was published, which gives the location of all places
mentioned in Parts I and 2 of the volume. Size of Soviet
Original
Page XIII-41
cities with populations above 50,000 are given, as well as,
statistics on physical character of the USSR. This is the
only atlas gazetteer that has been published to date, but
it does not include places mentioned in Volume II. An
English translation of the titles and legends of maps ap=
pearing in Volume I, made under the direction of George
B. Cressey, was planographed by Edwards Brothers, Inc.,
Ann,Arbor, Michigan, 1940.
Volume II of the Great Soviet Atlas of the World was
published in September 1939. It consists of: 1) physical
and, 2) economic maps of the USSR by administrative
areas. The maps of both series have full geographic grids
based on Greenwich, usually at 1-degree intervals.
(a) Physical maps.-Terrain is carefully presented by
contours and layer tints, with the contour intervals
selected for each plate to bring out the most significant
terrain features of the area covered. A relatively dense
pattern of spot heights is given. Terrain features are
named and, in some cases, unusual features such as preci-
pices are shown by symbol. The drainage pattern, includ-
ing the courses of intermittent streams, is detailed and
carefully drawn. Fresh and saline lakes are differenti-
ated, and water depth is shown by isobaths, layer tints,
and spot depths.
On all the physical maps, railroads are classified as
trunk, electrified, and other lines, and lines under con-
struction. Roads are divided into highways, dirt roads,
and trails. No differentiation is made between crude oil
and kerosene pipe lines. Water transportation features
include shipping routes, ports, landings, and navigable
canals. Reclamation canals also are shown. All admin-
istrative centers are located and populated places are
classified according to seven population categories. Ad-
ministrative boundaries include Union Republics; Auton-
- omous Republics, Krays, and Oblasts; Autonomous
Oblasts; and Administrative Okrugs.
In spite of some deficiencies, the physical maps are a
valuable source of information, since they show a remark-.
able amount of detail in relation to the scale. Probably
no other maps, with the exception of the large-scale topo-
graphic sets, give as large a number of place names. No
gazetteer to Volume II has been published or as yet
planned by the Soviets. The physical maps must be used
with great care. Their consistently neat and technically-
advanced appearance implies uniformly high reliability.
At the time of their compilation, however, Soviet topo-
graphic surveying was far from complete and was not of
uniform quality. Furthermore, it is difficult to compare
maps of different areas because they are not at the same
scale.
(b) Economic maps.-The economic maps in Volume
II usually face or follow the corresponding physical maps.
The two maps for a given area are at the same or nearly
the same scale to facilitate comparison.
The economic maps show a large variety of minerals and
mineral springs by symbol as well as reserves of gas, coal
and petroleum. Additional data on coal and petroleum
deposits in exploitation and in reserve, and on areas un-
dergoing exploration, are sometimes shown.
Power stations with capacities of 100 kw. or more are
shown by proportionate symbols and the source of power
is identified. If stations are undergoing expansion or are
under construction, their status is indicated. Distinction
is made between central power stations generating for
general distribution and other stations.
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JANIS. 40
A large number of manufacturing centers whose annual
production amounts to 100,000 rubles or more (1926/27
price index) are shown by symbols proportionate in size
to the production (1935). Bar graphs and pie charts give
comparative data for 1913 and 1937 for selected products.
The maps in Volume II of the Great Soviet Atlas of the
World are the only recent Soviet maps that show land use.
Cropland, sand areas, marshes, pastures (summer, winter,
and alpine) and wasteland are outlined. Comparative bar
graphs give the areas under selected crops for 1913 and
1937. Areas of stockbreeding are indicated and transhu-
mance is shown by :routes of movement.
State farms (sovkhozy) are identified by type of farming.
Motor-tractor stations are located, and some of the maps
have comparative bar graphs showing the increase in the
amount of horsepower on farms between 1913 and 1937.
Fishing grounds for commercial species are located, as
well as fishing ports, with their catch shown by propor-
tionate circles.
In order to emphasize Soviet achievement in the expan-
sion of transportation, all railroads and some canals and
oil pipe lines are classified as constructed before or after
the Revolution. In other respects, the presentation of
railroads, as well as highways, resembles that on the physi-
cal maps. Maritime shipping routes are shown with dis-
tances between ports given in kilometers. Air lines are
indicated as regular, seasonal, and nonperiodic.
Although the base maps for the economic series have
a relatively complete drainage pattern of important
streams and their principal tributaries, it is less detailed
than on the physical maps. Populated places have been
selected to include all centers with notable industrial pro-
duction, state farms, machine-tractor stations, and the
more important villages in areas of sparse population.
The data included in Volume II of the Great Soviet Atlas
of the World are for 1935, with some additional statistics
for 1937 and 1938. The large number and variety of items
shown on the maps in relatively great detail has been
achieved by excellence of design and high quality of tech-
nical reproduction. Nevertheless, the large variety of
data and the details of distribution for the more important
economic regions of the USSR, makes some of the maps
cluttered and difficult to read. Many of the symbols over-
lap each other, and the distinctiveness of some symbols is
dependent upon small dot or line differences that are
barely legible. As a result the general patterns of dis-
tribution of economic elements become almost or totally
imperceptible on some of the more complex maps.
In spite of the large amount of data shown, much infor-
mation is deliberately omitted or masked. For some time
it has been known that the Soviet Union has deliberately
restricted the dissemination of information about its re-
sources and productive facilities. Furthermore, nearly all
industrial and agricultural production statistics are given
in rubles. This is adequate for such industries as the
chemicals and machine construction, whose diverse pro-
duction is best expressed in terms of value. It is prac-
tically meaningless, however, for such industries as steel
production and mining. In all cases, interpretation is
difficult because of the complexity of the Soviet price
structure. The use of proportionate circles for the total
production of multiple-industry centers makes it difficult
to estimate production by individual industries.
Among the major purposes for which the Great Soviet
Atlas of the World was published were the propagandizing
of socialism in the USSR and the demonstration of the
superiority of socialist economy over capitalist economy.
Consequently, the Atlas does not present an objectively
balanced picture of Soviet economy. In comparison with
manufacturing, agriculture is greatly under-emphasized,
whereas the value of industrial production is given for all
centers whose manufactures are valued at 100,000 rubles
or more per year, no comparable agricultural statistics
are given. The advancement of agriculture is shown by
the increase in area under the cultivation of selected crops
rather than by increase in crop production. A study of
economic interrelations between manufacturing and agri-
culture is, therefore, impossible.
The selection of economic information for presentation
appears to be arbitrary and is confusing to anyone using
the Atlas. Quantitative data concerning livestock, for
example, are entirely lacking, probably because such sta-
tistics would reflect losses incurred during the period of
collectivization.
In spite of these criticisms and although much of the
information is already out of date, the economic maps in
Volume II of the Atlas serve as an excellent reference
source on the location of mineral deposits, production
centers, and land use.
(2) Militargeographische Angaben uber das Europaische
Russland. (Military-Geograpichal Studies of European
USSR)
The Mil-Geo (Militargeographische) series for European
USSR, Finland, and Rumania presents a wealth of infor-
mation. (For details, see 131, A, (2), (C) 2.) These vol-
umes were assembled by a large staff of German geogra-
phers for the use of the German Army in its drive east-
ward, and consist of brief and concise texts, booklets of
photographs, maps (including city plans) and gazetteers.
Atlas Leningradskoy Oblasti i Karel'- Geografo-Ekonomicheskiy Nauchno-Is-
skoy ASSR (Atlas of Leningradskaya sledovatel'skiy Institut Leningradskogo
Oblast' and the Karelian ASSR) Gosudarstvennogo Universiteta (Eco-
Language
and date
Russian
65 unbound sheets. Physical, economic, and cultural
English
maps at 1:1,000,000 for Leningradskaya Oblast' and
Finnish
at 1:2,000,000 for Karelian ASSR.
Atlas includes
nomic Geography Research Institute of 1034
the Leningrad State University)
Atlas Moskovskoy Oblasti (Atlas of Moskovskoya Oblastnaya PlanovQya. Russian
the Moskovskaya Oblast') Kornmissiya, Nauchno Issledovatel'- 1933
skiy Ekonomiki (Moskovskaya Oblast'
Planning Commission, Economic Re-
search)
maps of administrative districts showing rayons,
soil, ethnic structure, and distribution of cultural
centers. Use of English and Finnish is limited
almost entirely to map titles.
67 pages of maps and 36-page explanatory text.
Maps at 1:500,000 for the entire oblast and at
larger scales for its parts show rayon boundaries,
and physical, economic, population, and cultural
features.
Original
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Atlas Republisky Ceskoslovenske (At- Ceskd Akademie Vcd a Umeni (Bohemian
las of the Czechoslovak Republic) Academy of Sciences and Arts), Prague
Description
Suomen Maantieleellinen Seura (The Goo-, English Atlas issued as a single edition with all explanations
graphical Society of Finland), Helsinki Swedish in 3 languages. Separate texts are issued for each
AtlayasUrkayiniySumeahnikhKrayiv Ukrayins'kiy Vidavnichiy Institut,
(Atlas of Ukraine and Adjoining (Ukrainian Publishing Institute), Lwow
Countries)
Bol'shoy Sovetskiy Atlas Mira (Great Nauchno Izdatel'skiy Institut Bol'shogo
Soviet World Atlas) Sovetskogo Atlasa Mira (Scientific-Edi-
torial Institute of the Great Soviet
World Atlas) and Glavnoye Upravle-
niye Geodezii i Kartografli (Principal
Administration of Geodesy and Cartog-
raphy)
Language
and date
Finnish language; the English text constitutes Vol. 48 of
1925-29 Fennia. Atlas contains 38 double pages of maps,
and 320-page text. Covers physical, economic, and.
social features of Finland based largely on 1925
statistics. Other significant maps included give::
streams used for floating logs, 1:3,000,000; rapids,
including potential power sites, 1:3,000,000; and 7'
detailed studies of geographic regions of Finland.
Czech 55 double pages of maps and 35-page text. Maps
French with scales ranging from 1:1,250,000 to 1:5,000,000,
1935 cover a large selection of special subjects, each with
English considerable distributional detail. Geographic co-
text ordinates have been omitted from most of the
1936 small-scale maps.
Ukrainian 63 double pages of maps and 42-page text edited by
English the Volodimir Kubiyovich. Most maps are at
1937 1:5,000,000. Physical, economic, and cultural
maps are limited largely to the area from Warsaw
to Groznyy. Some information on Ukrainian migra-
tion to other areas. Population and agricultural
maps comprise the bulk of the atlas. Ten maps
selected from this atlas were published in German
translation in the unbound Atlas der Ukraine and
benachbarten Gebiete, edited by O. Kossmann,
Berlin, 1943.
Russian Vol. 1, Part 1, contains world coverage of no signifi-
1937-39 cance to this study. Part 2 has 85 colored plates
of physical and economic maps of the USSR, iiiclud-
ing many of European USSR at 1:7,500,000. The
180-page gazetteer to Vol. 1 includes population
and area statistics to 1940. Vol. 2 is composed of
125 colored plates giving detailed general and
economic coverage of the USSR by regions. The
more highly developed portion of European USSR
is shown at the scale of 1:1,500,000, with a number
of larger-scale city and vicinity insets. This atlas
was produced for internal planning coincident with
the Third Five-Year Plan as well as "to impress the
capitalist world with the superiority of Communist
achievement in the field of cartography." The most
conspicuous omissions are maps of ethnography and
minor administrative divisions. Scant attention
given to western annexations, which were not com-
pleted at the time of publication. Production
figures are based chiefly on ruble values, which
makes actual quantitative production difficult to
determine but does permit rapid comparison of the
output of different types of industries. An English
translation of the titles and legends of Vol. 1, made
under the direction of George B. Cressey, was
planographed by Edwards Brothers, Inc., Ann
Arbor, Michigan, 1940.
63 pages of maps and graphs and a 59-page text,
mainly in Latvian, cover various aspects of Latvian
life. Population, agriculture, industry, and com-
merce receive most attention. 0
Latvijas Statistikas Atlass (Statistical Valsts Statistika Parvalde (State Statis- Latvian
Atlas of Latvia) tical Bureau), Riga French
1938
Militargeographische Angaben fiber Generalstab des Heeres, Abteilung fur
das Europaische Russland (Military- Kriegskarten and Vermessungswesen
Geographic Plans of European (General Staff of the Army, Military
USSR) Mapping and Surveying Section),
Berlin
German 13 volumes each with descriptive text (which includes
1941-42 small-scale maps), photographic supplement, and
several unbound maps, cover European USSR as of
1941. These studies, prepared for the German
invasion of the USSR, emphasize trafficability and
military targets. Maps of nationalities and minor
civil divisions are given for a few regions. The
large number of city plans include a 25-map atlas
of Moscow.
Militargeographische Angaben Ober Generalstab des Heeres, Abteilung fur German This report includes a descriptive text illustrated by
Finnland (Military-Geographic Plans Kreigskarten and Vermessungswesen, 1941 small-scale maps, photographic supplement, place-
of Finland) Berlin name gazetteer, throughway town plans, standard
plans for the largest towns, a set of 12 road maps
with minor civil division boundaries, and 11 addi-
tional unbound maps on land use, population,
traffi.cability, and industry for Finland in 1940.
Boundaries given are for both before and after 29
April 1940; full information is given for the ceded
areas.
Original
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Page XIII-44 JANIS 40
Language
and date
Militargeographische Beschreibung Generalstab des Heeres, Abteilung fur German
von Rumanien (Military-Geographic Kreigskarten and Vermessungswesen, 1940
Description of Rumania) Berlin
Reichskommissar fur das Ostland (Reichs German
Commissioner for the Eastern Area), 1942
Riga
Rayony Kurskoy Oblasti, Karto- Kurskaya Oblastnaya Planovaya Komis- Russian
graficheskiy Material (The Rayons siya (Kurskaya Oblast' Planning Com- 1935
of Kurskaya Oblast', Cartographic mission), Kursk
Material)
Rzeczpospolita Polska Atlas Staty- Gl6wny Urzad Statystyczny Rzeczpos- Polish
styczny (Statistical Atlas of the politej Polskiej (Central Statistical 1930
Polish Republic) Office of the Polish Republic), Warsaw
The Polish Ministry of Information, English
London 1942 or
later
Statistiline Album (Statistical Atlas) Riiga Statistika Keskburoo (Central
Bureau of National Statistics), Tallinn
132. PRINCIPAL SOURCES
Text, throughway town plans, photographic supple-
ment, and unbound maps of administrative divi-
sions, geographic regions, economy, transportation,
telecommunications, and peoples show conditions
in Rumania immediately prior to the Soviet an-
nexation of Bessarabia in 1940. One of the general
maps carries the new Soviet boundary of 30 August
1940.
48 folded maps give internal boundaries, population,
economy, and transportation on a 1:1,500,000 base
showing republic boundaries, hydrographic features,
towns, and railroads. 12 additional maps-mainly
on climate, vegetation, and history-were planned
but not published. On most of the maps the in-
formation is complete for the three Baltic States
and White Russia; the physical and some of the
transportation maps include surrounding areas.
The maps on geology and navigable waterways have
especially good detail. 166-page statistical supple-
ment.
92 maps at 1:200,000 of individual rayons (meridian
Pulkovo) show village soviets, collective farms,
chief tractor stations, ravines, and transportation.
Two city plans (no coordinates) and administrative
map of entire oblast (Meridian Greenwich) are
included.
The volume, published to commemorate the 10th
anniversary of the restoration of Poland, includes
42 plates of maps and graphs illustrating statistical
tables of the Polish Statistical Office. Only a few
of the largest-scale maps have geographic co-
ordinates. A dot map at 1:2,000,000 shows distri-
bution of population and minor political divisions,
but recent migrations have altered the situation.
Social and economic statistics for Poland between the
two Great Wars are clearly illustrated by maps and
graphs, which with explanations cover 120 pages.
Maps are at 1:4,000,000 or smaller scales; all but
one lack coordinates. Statistics are given by
voivodship (province), but two population maps are
based on powiaty (districts).
Esthonian Vol. I covers territory and population of Estonia in 36
French plates, including a hydrographic map at 1:1,200,000
1925-28 which indicates navigable rivers and streams used
for floating logs. Vol. 2 consists of 24 plates cover-
ing Estonian economy. Vol. 3 has 112 pages on
agriculture, with many text illustrations and graphs.
Map of composition of soils, 1:1,200,000, is note-
worthy. In all three volumes, geographic co-
ordinates have been omitted from most of the maps.
Statistics are frequently presented on the basis of
minor administrative divisions.
3. USSR, Chief Administration of Geodesy and Cartography
A. General
Detailed cartographic information, both technical and
historical, may be obtained through an examination of the 4.
following publications available at the Army Map Service.
Most of the titles and articles are translations from the
Russian; others are translations made from German trans- 5'
lations of the USSR originals.
6.
B. List of references
(1) Instructions for mapping
1. CONSTRUCTION OF CONTOURS ON INTERMEDIATE-SCALE, 1:420,000 7.
(1:500,000) MAPS. Pp. 16-40.
2. Gerasimov, A. P., Kassin, N. G., and Nevskiy, A. A.
INSTRUCTIONS ON COMPILING GEOLOGIC-ECONOMIC MAP. Order 8.
#247 issued by Head of the Chief Geological Research Ad-
ministration. 1931.
(G.U.G.K.).
INSTRUCTIONS FOR CONSOLIDATION OF CARTOGRAPHIC, SURVEY-
ING, AND GEODETIC DATA FOR UNION-WIDE REQUIREMENTS.
1938.
INSTRUCTIONS FOR TOPOGRAPHIC WORK, PLANE TABLE SURVEY,
SCALE 1:25,000. 1939.
INSTRUCTIONS CONCERNING THE METHOD OF PRODUCTION OF
TOPOGRAPI;IIC-GEODETIC, AIR-SURVEY, AND CARTOGRAPHIC MA-
TERIALS, ETC. 1940.
INSTRUCTIONS FOR PUBLISHING THE 1:1,000,000 USSR MAP.
1941.
MANUAL FOR PREPARATION OF TECHNOLOGICAL PLANNING FOR
MAP PUBLICATION. 1941.
Original
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 9. USSR General Staff, Red Army, Military-Topographic Adminis-
tration.
INSTRUCTION FOR RECONNAISSANCE OF LARGE-SCALE MAPS,
1:25,000, 1:50,000, 1:100,000. 1941.
(2) Description of sets and general processes
1. Albrecht, Capt. O.
WHAT HAVE WE LEARNED CONCERNING MODERN RUSSIAN CAR-
TOGRAPHY FROM THE TOPOGRAPHIC MAPS OF THE USSR?
Chief of the Military Map and Survey Service, Reports,
Vol. 2, No. 9, pp. 3-10. 1943.
2. Durnev, A. I., and Sudakov, S. G.
LAYOUT AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE ASTRONOMICAL-GEODETIC
BASIC ACTIVITIES IN USSR. Twenty years of Soviet geod-
esy and cartography. Pp. 29-45. 1939.
3. Germany, Army High Command, Military Cartographic and
Survey Division (III).
COMPILATION OF STATEMENTS OBTAINED FROM PRISONERS
CONCERNING THE CARTOGRAPHIC AND SURVEY SYSTEM OF THE
SOVIETS. 1942.
4. Germany, General Staff.
PLANHEFT, RUSSLAND. 2d ed. 1942.
5. Germany, General Staff, Office of the Chief of Military Maps
and Surveys.
GERMAN MAP, 1:100,000. 1942.
Original
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Page XIII-45
6. Kroemke, Bruno.
THE GREAT SOVIET WORLD ATLAS. Zeitschrift fur Geopoli-
tik, XIX, Heft. 7, pp. 332-334. 1942.
7. MAPPING OF THE AREA OF THE USSR. Geodesist, No. 11, pp. 1-7.
1939.
8. Shlepniev, N.
PROGRESS OF CARTOGRAPHIC AND GEODETIC WORK IN TRANSCAU-
CASIA. Translation. from Geodesist, No. 3, 19 pp. 1939.
9. Steppe, Maj. Ja. Ja.
THE NEW MAP, SCALE 1:500,000. Translation from Geode-
sist, Nos. 8 and 9, 28 pp. 1936.
10. TWENTY-FIVE YEARS OF STATE GEODETIC SERVICE IN USSR. So-
viet State Geodetic Service, 1919-1944. Geodesist, pp.
3-24. 1944.
11. USSR, Chief Administration of Geodesy and Cartography
(G.U.G.K.).
FUNDAMENTALS OF MAP-MAKING: HISTORICAL PART. Pp. 166?-
217. 1943.
12. Vinogradov, N. V.
DESCRIPTION OF THE MAPS READY FOR PRINTING OF THE FIRST
VOLUME OF "THE GREAT SOVIET RUSSIAN WORLD ATLAS".
Translation from Geodesist, No. 4, 17 pp. 1937.
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 Approved For Release 2003/05/14: CIA-RDP79-01144A000200010013-5
TABLE OF CONTENTS (Contin.ued)
Page
D. Special maps . . . . . . . . . XIII - 21
(1) Physical maps (TABLE XIII-6) . XIII - 21
(2) Political maps (TABLE XIII-7) . XIII - 24
(3) Maps showing distribution of peo-
ples (TABLE XIII-8) . . . . . XIII - 27
(4) Transportation, telecommunica-
tions, and power maps . . . XIII - 28
(5) Economic maps (TABLE XIII-10) . XIII - 30
(6) City plans (TABLE XIII-11) . . . XIII - 31
E. General atlases . . . . . . . . XIII - 41
(1) Bol'shoy Sovetskiy Atlas Mira,
Tom I i II (Great Soviet Atlas of
the World, Volumes I and II),
.1937-39 . . . . . . . . XIII - 41
Page
(2) Militargeographische A n g a b e n
fiber das Europaische Russland.
(Military-Geographical Studies
of European USSR) . . . . XIII - 42
132. PRINCIPAL SOURCES . . . . . . XIII - 44
A. General . . . . . . . . . . . XIII - 44
B. List of references . . . . . . . . XIII - 44
(1) Instructions for mapping . . . XIII - 44
(2) Description of sets and general
processes . . . . . . . . XIII - 45
Produced by
Department of State
Department of the Army
Department of the Navy
Department of the Air Force
Published by
THE CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
WASHINGTON, D. C.
Original
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N
UI
41 U. 9. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
'2695-STATE=1949
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 Approved For Release 2003/05/14: CIA-RDP79-01144A000200010013-5
Produced by
Department of State Department of the Navy
Department of the Army Department of the Air Force
Published by
THE CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
Washington, D.C.
i
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 ApprovedF&r Release 2003/05/14: CIA-RDP79-0112 A 00200010013-5
dr Release 200 5/14 i,M'i 11 1 5:11!~-APV~,~.I~f
O"~Rb !17?4 D0010013 5