PLANT STUDY OF THE IRON AND STEEL INDUSTRY OF THE USSR: ECONOMIC REGION XI

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP79-01093A000500140002-7
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 46
• Document Creation Date: November 9, 2016
• Document Release Date: February 19, 1999
• Sequence Number: 2
• Publication Date: June 23, 1954
• Content Type: IR

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PLANT STUDY OF THE IRON AND STEEL INDUSTRY
OF THE USSR: ECONOMIC REGION XI
CIA/RR PR-63
(ORR Project 23.181
;{ ~<
23 June 195+
NOTICE
The data and conclusions contained in this report do not
necessarily represent the final position of ORR and should
be regarded as provisional only and subject to revision.
Comments and additional data which may be available to the
user are solicited.
THIS DOCUMENT CONTAINS INFORMATION AFFECTING THE NATIONAL
DEFENSE OF THE UNITED STATES WITHIN THE MEANING OF THE
ESPIONAGE LAWS, TITLE 18, USC) SECS. 793 AND 79L., THE TRANS-
MISSION OR REVELATION OF WHICH IN ANY MANNER TO AN UN-
AUTHORIZED PERSON IS PROHIBITED BY LAW.
Office of Research and Reports
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This report covers those-plants in Economic Region XI, East
Siberia, which produce metallurgical coke, pig iron, and steel
ingots, as well as steel castings and other types of finished
steel. Although Region XI, East Siberia, accounted for little
more than 1 percent of the production of steel for ingots and
castings and approximately the same amount of finished steel in
1953, it represents an important link in a chain of steel plants
the Russians have been developing eastward from the Kuznetsk
Basin.
The primary intelligence value of this report lies in the
basic evaluation of the plant capacity of this region as a con-
tribution to the capabilities of the USSR in the production of
metallurgical coke, pig iron, steel, and finished steel products.
The localization of-industrial centers and individual plants and
their importance in the Soviet iron and steel industry furnish
valuable target information. Regional production estimates of
the Soviet iron and steel industry also serve as a check on Soviet
statistics.
This report is one of a series of regional provisional reports
that will provide basic research data for a comprehensive study
which is to be made in the iron and steel industry of the USSR.
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CONTENTS
Page
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1. Petrovsk Zabaykal'skiy Metallurgical Plant . . . . . 3
2. Krasnoyarsk Locomotive and Car Shop .. . . . . . . . . 8
3. Krasnoyarsk Armament Plant . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
4. Irkutsk Heavy Machine Building Plant . . . . . . . . 16
5. Irkutsk Motor Vehicle and Tank Plant No. 104 . . . . 21
Appendixes
Appendix A. Plant Summary Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Appendix B. Methodology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Appendix C. Gaps in Intelligence . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Appendix D. Sources and Evaluation of Sources . . . . 35
Tables
1. Production of Iron and Steel in Region XI, 1953 . . . 2
2. Production of Steel at the Petrovsk Metallurgical
Plant, 1952-53 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
3. Production of Steel and Finished Steel
at the Petrovsk Metallurgical Plant, 1953
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Page
4. Production of Steel at the Krasnoyarsk
Locomotive and Car Shop, 1953 . . . . . . . . . 10
5.
Production of Steel and Finished Steel
at the Krasnoyarsk Locomotive and Car
Shop, 1953 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
6. Production of Steel at the Krasnoyarsk
Armament Plant, 1953 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
7. Production of Steel and Finished Steel
at the Krasnoyarsk Armament Plant, 1953 . . . . 16
8. Production of Steel at the Irkutsk Heavy
Machine Building Plant, 1953 . . . . . . . . . 18
9.
Production of Steel and Finished Steel
at the Irkutsk Heavy Machine Building
Plant, 1953 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
10. Production of Steel at the Irkutsk Motor
Vehicle and Tank Plant No. 104, 1953 . . . . . 22
11. Production of Steel and Finished Steel
at the Irkutsk Motor Vehicle Plant No. 104,
1953 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
12. Production and Capacity of the Petrovsk-
Zabaykal'skiy Metallurgical Plant, 1953 . . . 25
13. Production and Capacity of the Krasnoyarsk
Locomotive and Car Shop, 1953 . . . . . . . 26
14. Production and Capacity of the Krasnoyarsk
Armament Plant, 1953 . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
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15. Production and Capacity of the Irkutsk
Heavy Machine Building Plant, 1953 . . . . . 28
Following Page
USSR Economic Region XI: Iron and Steel
Plants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
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CIA/RR PR-63 S-E-C-R-E-T
(ORR Project 23.181)
PLANT STUDY OF THE IRON AND STEEL INDUSTRY
OF THE USSR: ECONOMIC REGION XI*
Summary
Although Economic Region XI,** East Siberia, is the largest
region in the USSR, it is one of the smallest producers of steel
in the USSR. There are no blast furnaces or coke ovens in the
region. Cold pig iron is shipped in to the steel-producing plants
from other areas.
This region has a good iron ore base in the Angara - Elim
district with its magnetite ore running up to 58 percent iron
content, but there is no known deposit of good coking coal. This
lack of good coking coal, however, cannot be considered as a
principal retarding factor to the development of a fully inte-
grated iron and steel industry, since good coking coal is avail-
able in the relatively nearby Kuznetsk Basin. The most plausible
reason for the absence of a fully integrated steel industry in
this section may be the fact that sufficient demand has not been
generated by the manufacturing establishments of the area.
Steel production is concentrated in three cities, Petrovsk,
Irkutsk, and Krasnoyarsk, with approximately 50 percent coming
from Petrovsk. (See the accompanying map for the locations of
iron and steel plants in Economic Region XI.***)
In 1953, Region XI produced 385,200 tons* of steel for
ingots and castings, and 259,200 tons of finished steel. No coke
-* The estimates and conclusions contained in this report
represent the best judgment of the responsible analyst as of
15 May 195k.
** The term region as used in this report refers to the economic
regions defined and numbered on CIA Map 120+8.1, 9-51 (First
Revision, 7-52), USSR: Economic Regions.
Following p. 24.
Tonnages are given in metric tons throughout this report.
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or pig iron was produced. Of the total steel and finished steel
production in the USSR, the area accounted for 1.04 percent and
0.94 percent, respectively. Of the finished steel production,
117,200 tons or 45.2 percent was in the form of steel castings.
The disproportionately high production of finished steel in
the form of castings results from the fact that all steel pro-
duction with the exception of that at Petrovsk comes from foun-
dries located in manufacturing plants.
Any development of a fully integrated steel industry in Region
XI would be expected to take place in the Krasnoyarsk area be-
cause it is most favorably located with respect to sources of raw
materials.
The distribution of the production of iron and steel in
Region XI is given in Table 1.
Production of Iron and Steel in Region XI
1953
Pig
Finished
Rolled
Steel
Plant
Coke
Iron
Steel
Steel
Steel
Castings
Petrovsk-
Zabaykal'skiy
Metallurgical Plant
0
0
205.4
147.5
90.4
57.1
Krasnoyarsk Loco-
motive and Car
Plant
0
0
52.6
34.3
22.7
11.6
Krasnoyarsk Armament
Plant
0
0
44.9
24.7
0
24.7
Irkutsk Heavy
Machine Building
Plant
0
0
42.3
26.1.
12.0
14.1
Irkutsk Motor Vehicle
and Tank Plant
0
0
40.0
26.6
17.0
9.6
Total
385.2
259.2
142.1
117.1
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1. Petrovsk Zabaykal'skiy Metallurgical Plant 25X1A
Petrovsk Transbaykal Works)
51?17' N - 108050' E, Petrovsk, Chita Oblast, East
Siberia, USSR. J The plant is located approximately 2 kilo-
meters east of the Petrovsk station on the 'brans-Siberian rail-
road, / on the north side of the Balega River.
b. History and Development.
Originally built in 1789 this plant contained primitive
charcoal blast furnace, rolling mill, and forge shop. / Iron
ore for the blast furnace was obtained from the Balyaginsk
mine J and coal for the boilers and gas producers from nearby
Cheremkhovo and Targagatay. / Little development or improve-
ment occurred until about 1930. At that time, definite plans
were made to produce 83,000 tons of pig iron, 77,000 tons of
steel and 100,000 tons of rolled products per year. 7/ With a
planned total capitalization of 171,830,000 rubles there was to
be a full metallurgical cycle of coke ovens, blast furnaces, open-
hearth furnaces, and rolling mills.. As the plan developed, No. 1
open-hearth furnace produced its first steel in 1940, the first
steel was rolled in 1941, and the third open-hearth furnace went
into operation in 1943- J Action on the plans for coke ovens
and blast furnaces was delayed pending the results of prospecting
of local mineral reserves. J
c. Raw Materials and Other Inputs.
The weekly inputs in the period 1947-49 were pig iron,
300 tons 10 ; limestone, 100 tons L12; coal, 300 tons 12/; and
coke, 100 tons. 13 In 1949, 2,000 tons per month of semifinished
steel in the form of ingots and bars were supplied by an unknown
source. L
Chernov and Tangagatay coal deposits supply much of the
coal used 15/ although Cheremkhovo in Irkutsk Oblast supplies
part of the coal requirements. 16 Receipts of coal up to 300 tons
7 Footnote references in arabic numerals are to sources listed in
Appendix D. - 3 -
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per day occurred in 1952. Coke from unknown sources was received
at a rate of about 100 tons per week in 1951. 17
e. Ironmaking Facilities.
There are no blast furnaces. L8/ Cupolas are operated
for making iron castings. 19 The capacity or number of cupolas
is not available. Since the coke received is undoubtedly used
for cupola operation, it can be assumed that 31,200 tons of iron
were produced on the basis of 6 tons of iron for each ton of coke.
f. Steelmaking Facilities.
There are 3 basic open-hearth furnaces of 60 tons capacity
each, their total hearth area is 120 square meters. LO/ The co-
efficient for steel production in.1952 was 5 tons per square
meter of hearth area per day. All open-hearth furnaces are nor-
mally producer gas fired but are designed to be fired with oil
when necessary. All cold metal charges are used and contain one-
third to one-half pig iron. 21 In 1950 the time of heats was
8 hours and 30 minutes. 22 Improved methods were adopted in
1951 which decreased the time to 6 hours and 50 minutes. This
decrease in time of heats increased steel production from 165,000
tons to 205,000 tons per-year in 1952. Production of steel at the
Petrovsk Metallurgical Plant is given in Table 2.
Production of Steel at the Petrovsk Metallurgical Plant
1952-53
Individual Number Number of Production
Number Capacity, of Operating (Thousand
of (Metric Coef- Heats Days per Metric
Furnaces Type Tons) ficient per Day Year Tons)
3 Open- 60 5 3 to 4 325 205.1+ J
Hearth
Total 205.1+
a. The time odours and 50 minutes for heats would provide ap-
proximately 3.5 heats per day per furnace.
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g. Primary Rolling Facilities.
There are no blooming or billet mills installed here.
The necessity for such equipment is minimized by making small
cross section ingots. These measure approximately 15 centi-
meters square by 100 centimeters long and weigh about 0.125
ton each.
h. Finishing Rolling Facilities.
(1) Rolling Mills.
There are 2 roll trains having rolls of 240 milli-
meter and 325 millimeter in diameter. 23 These are 2-stand
and 3-stand mills and are used to rough the billet-size ingots
as well as for finishing the product.
(2) Rod Mill.
6-millimeter to 13-millimeter diameter rods, in the
amount of 180 tons per day are rolled. 24+
(3) Structural Mill.
Rolls girders, 100 tons 25 per day and angles,
strip, plate, and rails in unknown amounts. 26
The equipment in this department includes 27 2
annealing furnaces, 2 wire-drawing machines, 28 and mechanical
shears. In June 1952 it was reported that a mill with 231-milli-
meter diameter rolls was operating. No information regarding its
product or capacity is available. 29
i. Intraplant Services.
(1) Electric Power.
The capacity of this thermoelectric plant is 6,000
kilowatts. 30 The transformer station has two 3,300-volt
transformers. Power is furnished the city as well as the plant. 31/
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(2) Water Supply.
Water for the plant is obtained from two.sources --
the Balega River which runs along the south side of the plant
and a small lake close by. The power plant obtains its water
from the lake. Water for drinking is brought into the plant in
drums on horse-drawn wagons. 32
(3) Maintenance Department.
A machine shop with the usual equipment exists for
maintenance of production units. 33 Other auxiliary shops
essential to the maintenance and operation of the plant are an
electric repair shop, 34 a. welding shop, 35 a forge shop, 36
a woodworking shop, 37 a
p locomotive repair shop, 38 a com-
ressor plant, 39 and a chemical laboratory.
(4) Gas Producer Plant.
There &re 10 to 12 gas producers that produce gas
for the open-hearth furnaces, soaking pits, and annealers. 41
j. Products and Production.
Finished goods for the civilian economy include machinery
for oil, mining, railroad, and agricultural industries. 42 Two
thousand five hundred ingots per day were produced in 1949.
They were rolled into rods, girders, strip, angles, plate, rails,
and wire. / The iron and steel foundries produce castings to
be used in the assembly of the various machines. Production of
steel and finished steel at the Petrovsk Metallurgical Plant is
given in Table 3.*
k. Distribution.
Much of the steel made is consumed in the form of castings,
forgings, or finished rolled shapes in the manufacture of machin-
ery. Shipments of finished steel in 1945 to 1949 were distributed
to plants 45 in East Siberia and the Far East, the Railroad
Administration, the Far Eastern Army, Komsomol'sk, Chita, and
* Table 3 follows on p. 7.
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Table 3
Production of Steel and Finished Steel
at the Petrovsk Metallurgical Plant
1953
Thousand Metric Tons
Steel Rolled Total Finished
Steel Ingots Castings Steel Steel
205.4 101.5 al 57.1 73.1 147.5
24.0 / 17.3
Total 125.5 90.4
a. 2,500 ingots weighing 0.125 ton each, cast per day
equals 101,523 tons annually.
b. 2,000 tons of ingots per month supplied by an unknown
source.
Ulan-Ude. Castings are shipped to the Agricultural Machine Shop
at Rostov and the Tank Factory in Irkutsk. L6/
1. Plant Efficiency.
During the period of April 1949 through May 1953,
citations and prize awards for efficiency were given to the
plant. Some of these were as follows:
April 1949, pledged 4.32 tons of steel per square
meters of hearth area. L7/
June 1949, reached production level planned for
1950. 48
December 1949, fulfilled production plan in steel
by 109.2 percent. 49
February 1950, awarded challenge Red Banner for
high production record. 50
July 1950, first prize in Socialist competition,
first quarter. 51
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February 1951, completed 1950 plan ahead
of schedule. ~2
March 1951, awarded Stalin Prize, 3rd class. 53
December 1951, fulfilled year's quota. 54
October 1952, overfulfilled September plans. 55
December 1952, overfulfilled plan-by 161 percent. 56/
April 1953, surpassed 10-day plan by 13 percent. 57
May 1953, 92 percent of smelting completed ahead
of schedule. 58
m. Administration.
In 1949 this plant was subordinate to the Main Administra-
tion of Metallurgical Industry. 59/
n. Personnel.
In 1953, total employment was 2,000 civilians and 500
Japanese prisoners of war. 60 The plant was operated 3 turns
of 8 hours per day, 6 days per week. Individuals responsible
for certain of the plant operations are:
Poltovan, Director, February 1949. 61
Gorbatov, Chief Engineer, October 1952. 62
Tarasov, Chief Engineer, April 1953. 63
Located in a mountainous region 1,026 meters above sea
level and in a land of eternal frost, this plant is subjected to
the inconveniences and interruptions to operations that cold
weather and snow usually cause.
2. Krasnoyarsk Locomotive and.Car Sho Siberian Heavy
Machine Building Plant 25X1 A
.56002' N - 92048' E, Krasnoyarsk Kray, East Siberia,
USSR, 300 meters south of the Trans-Siberian railroad, close
to the town of Z1obinka, on the Yenisey River. 64
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b. History and Development.
This plant was started in 191#l 65 with equipment
evacuated from Bryanskiy in the Ukraine. 66 It consisted of
new US, German, and Japanese machinery plus some old Soviet
equipment. Its objective was to build and repair railroad
locomotives, cars, and heavy machine equipment. At the beginning
the main effort was on repairing locomotives sent in from other
locations. The equipment installed included units for the pro-
duction of steel and iron castings and ingots for rolling. By
May 1947, peak production was reached, 67 14 locomotives being
built in that month.
c. Raw Materials and Other Inputs.
Pig iron, scrap, ingots, plate, and coke are shipped in
from unknown sources. 68
d. Coal and Coke.
The 400 tons of coal consumed per day in the power and
heating. systems in 1950 came from the Abakan area. 69/
e. Ironmaking Facilities.
No blast furnaces are installed in this plant. There
are 3 cupolas, 2 of which 70 operate continuously to supply
iron for making castings and ingot molds.
f. Steelmaking Facilities.
Three oil-fired, basic open-hearth furnaces making
25-ton:. heats in 8 hours 71 plus 2 electric furnaces that make
2-ton heats in 3 hours have a production capacity of about
72,000 tons per year. The policy in this plant is to operate
2 open-hearth furnaces, 72 holding 1 in reserve or under repair.
These.2 open-hearth furnaces operate 24 hours per day. Only 1
electric furnace is in operation, 1 being held in reserve. The
1 electric furnace operates on 2 turns, or 16 hours per day. 73
Under this operating policy a total of about 52,000 tons were
produced in 1949.
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Since there are no reports of increased efficiency of
operations or expansion of facilities in the period 1949-53, steel
production is estimated to have been the same in 1953 as in 1949.
Production'of steel at the Krasnoyarsk Locomotive and Car Shop
is given in Table 4.
Table 4
Production of Steel at the Krasnoyarsk
Locomotive and Car Shop
1953
Total
Individual Number Number of Tonnage
Number Capacity of Operating (Thousand
of (Metric Coef- Heats Days per Metric
Furnaces Type Tons) ficient per Day Year Tons)
2 Open- 25 N.A. 3 325 48.7
Hearth
1 Elec- 2 N.A. 6 325
tric
3.9
52.6
g. Primary Rolling Mill.
This plant does not have a blooming mill. The ingots pro-
duced are 20 centimeters square by 1 meter long, 74/ thus they
can be rolled directly on the finishing mill.
h. Finishing Facilities.
(1) Structural Mill.
The capacity of this mill is not known. It produces
plate, round, and square bars. 75
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(2) Seamless Tube Mill.
The capacity or other characteristics of this mill
are unknown. 76
(3) Steel Foundry.
Steel castings are produced here to be used in the
construction of locomotives, cars, cranes, and heavy machinery. 77
(4) Iron Foundry.
There are three cupolas of unknown capacity to supply
the iron for this foundry. 78
(5) Forge Shop.
Forgings and stampings for machine building are made
here. The equipment includes two 15-ton hammers and 4 presses. 79
i. Intraplant Services.
(1) Electric Power.
Two power plants, a small one with 1,500-kilowatt
capacity 80 and a large one with 11,000-kilowatt capacity pro-
vide electric power for the plant. 81
(2) Water Supply.
Water for the plant is pumped from the Yenisey River
nearby. L2/
(3) Maintenance Department.
A machine shop with the usual complement of equip-
ment exists for the maintenance of the production equipment in
the plant. L3/
j. Products and Production.
Products from the steel and iron foundries and rolling
mills are castings, plate, tubes, round, and square bars. 84
These products are used in the construction of locomotives, cars,
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cranes, and other heavy machinery. 85 Production of steel and
finished steel at the Krasnoyarsk Locomotive and Car Shop is
given in Table 5.
Table 5
Production of Steel and Finished Steel
at the Krasnoyarsk Locomotive and Car Shop
1953
Thousand Metric Tons
Steel Rolled Total Finished
Steel Castings Steel Steel
52.6 11.6 J
22.7 34+.3
a. Of steel production, 60 percent was
ingots and !.O percent, castings.
k. Distribution.
Practically all of the steel and iron made is consumed
as castings or rolled products in the manufacture of finished
machines.
1. Plant Efficiency.
It was reported in 1952 that there was a very definite
increase in production of heavy cranes. 86
m. Administration.
No information available.
n. Personnel.
Aleksandr Broisovich 87 was'Chief Designer and a
recipient of a Stalin prize in October 1952. The number of
employees in 19+9 is reported to have been 3,200 civilians
and 1,800 Japanese prisoners of war. 88
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Krasnoyarsk Armament Plant (Plant 4 Voroshilov Arms Plant)
25X1A
a. Location.
56002' N - 92048' E, Krasnoyarsk, Krasnoyarsk Kray,
East Siberia, USSR. The plant is located on the south side of
the Yenisey River on the Trans-Siberian railroad.
b. History and Development.
Construction of this plant was started in 1932 and
practically completed in 1938. 89 Locomotives and railroad
cars were repaired and new railroad cars, machine tools and
mining machinery were manufactured. At the start of World War II
the plant was enlarged for the production of mobile guns and
other military equipment.
c. Raw Materials and other Inputs.
In.1947, weekly inputs 91/ were molding sand, 200
tons; pig iron, 150 tons 2-2/; limestone, 36 tons; manganese ore,
50 tons. The sources of these materials are unknown.
d. Coal and Coke.
Coal from Abakan 93/ is used for heating, power, and in
the gas producers. 94 In 1953, 360 tons per day were received.
Coke is received from unknown sources. 95
e. Ironmaking Facilities.
There are no blast furnaces. The iron foundry has two
cupolas of unknown capacity. 96
f. Steelmaking Facilities.
Two producer gas fired basic open hearths 97 of 15-ton
capacity each and one electric furnace with a capacity of 3 tons
are installed in the steel foundry. 98 In 1949 the open-hearth
furnaces made 4 heats each per day and the electric furnace
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6 heats per day. Production of steel at the Krasnoyarsk Arma-
ment Plant is given in Table 6.
Table 6
Production of Steel.,at the Krasnoyarsk Armament Plant
1953
Number
Individual
Capacity
Number
of
Number of
Operating
Total
Tonnage
(Thousand
of
(Metric
Coef -
Heats
Days per
Metric
Furnaces
Type
Tons)
ficient
per Da
Y
y
ear
Tons)
2
Open-
15
N.A.
4
325
39.0
1
Hearth
Elec-
3
N.A.
6
325
5.9
tric
44.9
Since there are no reports of increased efficiency of
operations or expansion of facilities in the period 1949-53, pro-
duction is estimated to have been the same in 1953 as it was in
1949. 92/
g. Primary Rolling Mills.
None.
h. Finishing Facilities.
(1) Rolling Mill.
None.
(2) Forge.
The type of equipment in this department is not
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(3) Steel Foundry.
Since no rolling is done here it is assumed that all
of the steel production goes into castings. On the basis of a
55-percent yield it is estimated that 24,695 tons of finished
steel castings are produced annually.
(4) Iron Foundry.
The two cupolas installed here produce iron for car
wheels and gears. The tonnage produced is unknown. 100/
i. Intraplant Services.
(1) Electric Power.
The generating capacity of the power plant in 1949 was
12,000 kilowatts. 101
(2) Water Supply.
Water pumped in 102 from the Yenisey River is piped
throughout the plant for ordinary and emergency uses. 103/
(3) Maintenance Department.
A machine shop 104 with the usual complement of equip-
ment exists for the maintenance of production equipment.
j. Products and Production.
Military end items being produced in 1950 were 120-
and 150-millimeter guns 105 and howitzers. Finished goods for
the civilian economy include mining tools 106/ and agricultural
equipment. 107. Products from the iron and steel foundries and
forge are gears, railroad car wheels, and chain links. 108
Production of steel and finished steel at the Krasnoyarsk Armament
Plant is given in Table 7.*
k. Distribution.
Practically all of the steel and iron castings and forg-
ings are consumed in manufactured products.
Table 7 follows on p. 16.
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Table 7
Production of Steel and Finished Steel
at the Krasnoyarsk Armament Plant
1953
Thousand Metric Tons
Steel Rolled Total
Steel Castings Steel Finished Steel
44.9 24.7 None 24.7
1. Plant Efficiency.
No information available.
M. Administration.
No information available.
n. Personnel.
In 1944 the director 109 of the plant was Shifrin.
The number of employees engaged in the operation of the various
departments of the plant could not be established. In 1947 the
entire plant employed 2,000 civilians and 1,200 Japanese prisoners
of war. 110
4. Irkutsk Heavy Machine Building Plant (Kuybyshev Heavy E uip-
ment Plant) (Kuybyshev Steel Works) 111
25X1A
a. Location.
52?17' N - 104?18' E,112 Irkutsk, Irkutsk Oblast, East
Siberia, USSR, on the east bank of the Angara River. 113/
b. History and Development.
This plant on the Trans-Siberian railroad is considered
one of the earliest steel plants in East Siberia, having been
started about 1930. 111L4/ During World War II, ammunition, small
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arms, 115 shells, and armored tanks were manufactured. In April
1946 the production of locomotives, railroad car wheels, and
machinery parts was started. Later production included dredges,
drilling, mining, and agricultural machinery. Steel and iron
foundries along with a well-equipped machine shop provide the
basis for building heavy machinery. Immediately after World
War II, many of the machine tools installed were brought from
Manchuria. By 1948, 116 the installation of machine equipment
was about 70 percent complete. A large quantity of machine
tools from Manchurian automobile assembly and manufacturing
plants was still in storage awaiting installation. 117/
c. Raw Materials and Other Inputs.
Fuel oil 118 is used in the open-hearth and soaking
pits. Steel scrap, pig iron, and sand for molding are shipped in
by rail and by barges on the Angara River. The molding sand 119
comes from the Lake Baikal region at the rate of about 18 tons
per day. Twenty tons of clay 120 and 36 tons of limestone 121
per day are shipped in from unknown sources. Steel ingots,
20 centimeter square by 1 meter long are brought in by rail; the
tonnage of these shipments and their sources are unknown.
d. Coal and Coke.
In 1951, 150 to 200 tons of coal were shipped in by rail
and river barges from the Cheremkhovo Basin. 122 In 1948, ap-
proximately 150 tons of coke per week were received by. rail from
Irkutsk. 123
e. Ironmaking Facilities.
There are no blast furnaces in this plant. Two cupolas
of unknown size are operated 124 for the production of iron
castings.
f. Steelmaking Facilities.
There are two oil-fired basic open-hearth furnaces in
operation. 125 One has a hearth area of 5.73 square meters, the
other 10.23 square meters. These areas indicate that charges of
10 and 15 tons respectively are usedIt is reported that
31,000 tons were produced in 1944. is.1 small electric
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furnace with a shell diameter of 3 meters, 128 which will accomo-
date 5-ton charges. Production from this furnace is estimated to
be about 9,750 tons per year, assuming that the'furnace is operated
2 turns or Y6 hours per day and makes 6 heats each day. 129 Pro-
duction.of steel at the Irkutsk Heavy Machine Building Plant is given
in Table 8.
Production of Steel at the Irkutsk
Heavy Machine Building Plant
1953
Individual
Number
Number of
Total
Tonnage
Number
Capacity
of
Operating
(Thousand
of
(Metric
Coef-
Heats
Days per
Metric
Furnaces
Type
Tons)
ficient
per Day
Year
T
)
ons
1
Open-
10
N.A.
4
325
13.0
1
Hearth
Open-
15
N.A.
4
325
19.5
1
Hearth
Elec-
5
N.A.
6
325
9.8
tric
42.3
Since there are no reports of increased efficiency of opera-
tions or expansion of facilities. since 1944, steel production is esti-
mated to be the same in 1953 as in 1944.
g. Primary Rolling Mills.
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h. Finishing Facilities.
(1) Rolling Mill.
There is one 3-high, 4-stand mill train with 450-milli-
meter diameter rolls. The capacity is not known, but it is reported
to have rolled 12,000 tons in 1948. 130
(2) Steel Foundry.
Ingots to produce 12,000 tons of rolled product would be
16,700 tons of the total steel produced. The balance of the steel
production or 25,600 tons is assumed to be rough castings. On the
basis of a 55-percent yield, it is estimated that 14,000 tons of
finished castings per year are produced.
(3) Iron Foundry.
There are two cupolas of unknown capacity in the iron
foundry. 131
i. Intraplant Services.
(1) Electric Power.
The thermoelectric power plant has 3 boilers, 2 of
which operate continuously. The power-generating capacity is not
available. 132
(2) Water Supply.
River. 133/
Water for the plant is pumped in from the Angara
(3) Maintenance Department.
A machine shop with the usual complement of equipment
exists for the maintenance of the steel and iron foundries. 134/
j. Products and Production.
Finished rolled steel items produced are round 135 and
square bars, 136 angles, 137/ rails, and plate. Finished steel
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and iron 138 and steel castings produced include locomotive and
car wheels, 139 gears, motor housings, and pulleys. Production
of steel and finished steel at the Irkutsk Heavy Machine Building
Plant is given in Table 9.
Production of Steel and Finished Steel
at the Irkutsk Heavy Machine Building Plant
1953
Total
Steel Rolled Steel Steel Castings Finished Steel
42.3 12.0 J 14.1 b 26.1
a. 12,000 tons divided by 72 percent equals 01
tons of ingots.
b. 42.3 minus 16.7 equals 25.6 tons of rough cast-
ings minus 55 percent yield equals 14.1 tons of
finished castings.
k. Distribution.
Most of the steel made is consumed in the form of castings,
forgings,or rolled items in the manufacture of machinery for the
mining, metallurgical, and agricultural industries. Castings,
forged balls, and finished rolled products are shipped out in un-
known tonnages to plants in Irkutsk and other unknown locations.
1. Plant Efficiency.
No information available.
m. Administration.
In 1948 this plant was subordinate to the Ministry of
Heavy Industry.
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The number of employees in the entire plant in 1952 was
3,000 civilians and 400 Japanese prisoners of war. The plant
operates 3 turns of 8 hours, 6 days per week.
5. Irkutsk Motor Vehicle and Tank Plant No. 104 (Kuybyshev
Machinery Plant)
25X1A
52?17' N - 101+?18' E, Irkutsk, Irkutsk Oblast, East
Siberia, USSR, on the Angara River, 72 kilometers southwest of
Lake Baikal.
b. History and-Development.
This plant was started in 1930 with 1 open hearth of
5.76-square meter capacity. In 1932 a second open-hearth furnace
with 10.32-square meter capacity was started. 1)+0/ In 1935 a
medium bar mill was put in operation. 141 Since 1938 the plant
has been devoted almost exclusively to the production of war
materiel.
c. Raw Materials and Other Inputs.
Cast and rolled steel products received from Kuybyshev
Steel Works at Irkutsk are used in manufacturing war materiel. 1L2
d. Coal and Coke.
No information available.
e. Ironmaking Facilities.
No information available.
f. Steelmaking Facilities.
There are 2 open-hearth furnaces with a total of 16 square
meter capacity (5.76 square meter and 10.32 square meter, respectively).
They are reported to have produced 40,000 tons of steel in 194+4. 143
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Production of steel at the Irkutsk Motor, Vehicle and Tank Plant
No. 104.is given in Table 10.
Production of Steel at the Irkutsk Motor Vehicle
and Tank Plant No. 104
1953
Total
Individual
Number
Number of
Tonnage
Number
Capacity
of
Operating
(Thousand
of
(Metric
Coef-
Heats
Days per
Metric
Furnaces
Type
Tons)
ficient
per Day
Year
Tons)
1
Open-
12.0
N.A.
3 to 4
325
Hearth
1
Open-
20.0
N.A.
3 to 4
325
Hearth
40.0
As there were no reports of increased efficiency of opera-
tions or expansion of facilities since 1944, steel production is
estimated to be the same in 1953.
g. Primary Rolling Mills.
No information available.
h. Finishing Facilities.
(1) Rolling Mill.
A 4-stand bar mill was operating in 1935 and rolled
17,000 tons in 1936. 144
j. Products and Production.
Finished goods for military use include tanks, guns, artil-
lery, and automatic weapons. In 1941, production of tanks was 12
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per day. 145 Production of steel and finished steel at the Irkutsk
Motor Vehicle and Tank Plant No. 104 is given in Table 11.
Production of Steel and Finished Steel
at the Irkutsk Motor Vehicle Plant No. 104
1953
Thousand Metric Tons
Finished
Steel Rolled Steel Steel Castings Steel
40.0 17.0 a/ 9.6 / 26.6
a. 17.0 divided by 72 percent equals 23.6 tons
of ingots.
b. 40.0 minus 23.6 equals 16.4; 55 percent of
16.4 equals 9.0 tons of finished castings.
k. Distribution.
The cast and rolled steel products are used in the assembly
or manufacturing of combat vehicles, guns, and other war materiel.
1. Plant Efficiency.
No information available.
m. Administration.
No information available.
n. Personnel.
No information available.
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APPENDIX A
PLANT SUMMARY TABLES
Table 12
Production and Capacity of the Petrovsk-
Zabaykal'skiy Metallurgical Plant
1953
Thousand Metric Tons
Metallurgical Coke Production None
Pig Iron Production None
3 Open-Hearth Furnaces
and 1 Electric Furnace 205.4
Rolling and Finishing Capacities
Primary Mills
None
Structural Mill
Unknown
Rod Mill
58.5
Steel Foundry
57.1
Iron Foundry
31.2
Castings
57.1
Rolled
90.4
Power Plant Capacity 6,000 Kilo-
watts
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Table 13
Production and Capacity of the Krasnoyarsk
Locomotive and Car Shop
1953
Metallurgical Coke Production None
Pig Iron Production None
3 Open-Hearth and 2 Electric
Furances 52.6
Rolling and Finishing Capacities
Primary Mills None
Seamless Tube Mill Unknown
Structural Mill Unknown
Steel Foundry 11.6
Iron Foundry Unknown
Castings 11.6
Rolled 22.7
1 1,500 Kilowatts
1 11,000 Kilowatts
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Table 14
Production and Capacity of the Krasnoyarsk
Armament Plant
1953
Metallurgical Coke Production None
Pig Iron Production None
Steel Production
2 Open-Hearth Furnaces
Rolling and Finishing Capacities
44.9
Primary Mill None
Other Mills None
Forge Unknown
Steel Foundry 24.7
Iron Foundry Unknown
Castings 24.7
Rolled None
Power Plant Capacity 12,000 Kilowatts
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Table 15
Production and Capacity of the Irkutsk
Heavy Machine Building Plant
1953
Thousand Metric Tons
Metallurgical Coke Production None
Pig Iron Production None
Steel Production
2 Open-Hearth Furnaces
Rolling and Finishing Capacities
1+2.3
Primary Mills
None
Other Mills
12.0
Steel Foundry
1J+.1
Iron Foundry
Unknown
Castings
11+.1
Rolled
12.0
Power Plant Capacity Unknown
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Table 16
Production and Capacity of the Irkutsk
Motor Vehicle and Tank Plant
1953
Metallurgical Coke Production None
Pig Iron Production None
Steel Production
2 Open-Hearth Furnaces
Rolling and Finishing Capacities
40.0
Primary Mills
None
Other Mills
17.0
Steel Foundry
9.6
Iron Foundry
Unknown
Castings
9.6
Rolled
17.0
Power Plant Capacity Unknown
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APPENDIX B
METHODOLOGY
Methods used to derive the production estimates shown in
various tables throughout the report follow:.
1. Petrovsk-Zabaykal'skiy Metallurgical Plant.
Total tonnage figure for 1953 is 205,400 tons obtained by
multiplying the number of heats of 6 hours and 50 minutes per
day times the number of furnaces times the weight of charge times
325 days, or 3.51 x 3 x 60 x 325 = 205,400 tons.
2,500 ingots at 0.125 ton each per day x 325 101,523 tons.
72 percent of 101,523 tons = 73,100 tons of rolled steel products.
Total steel 205,400 tons - 101,520 tons = 103,900 rough
castings.
55 percent of 103,900 tons = 57,145 tons of finished castings.
2. Krasnoyarsk Locomotive and Car Shop.
Since information on the tonnage of ingots and castings is not
available, it is assumed that 60 percent of the steel produced would
be ingots and 40 percent castings.
60 percent of 52,600
tons ^ 31,600 tons of ingots.
72 percent of 31,600
tons =
22,750 tons
of rolled steel.
52,600 tons - 31,600
tons =
21,000 tons
of rough castings.
55 percent of 21,000 tons
11,550 tons
of finished castings.
3. Krasnoyarsk Armament Plant.
Since this plant is not equipped to do any rolling it is
assumed that all of the steel produced is in steel castings.
44,900 tons of steel produced.
55 percent of 44,900 tons - 24,700 tons of finished castings.
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4. Irkutsk Heavy Machine Building Plant.
In 1948, rolled steel produced was 12,000 tons.
12,000 tons divided by 72 percent in 16,700 tons of ingots
required to produce \it.
42,300 tons of steel produced - 16,700 tons of ingots = 25,600
tons of-rough castings.
55'percent of 25,600 tons = 14,080 tons of finished castings.
5. Irkutsk Motor Vehicle and Tank Plant.
In 1935, rolled steel produced was 17,000 tons.
17,000 tons divided by 72 percent = 23,600 tons of ingots
to produce 17,000 tons of rolled steel.
40,000 tons of steel production . 23,600 tons . 17,400 tons
of rough castings.
55 percent of 17,400 tons a 9,570 tons of finished castings.
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APPENDIX C
GAPS IN INTELLIGENCE
There is a lack of information from 1950 to the present time
regarding Region XI. This is particularly true on tonnage of
product output and raw materials input. Information is also lack-
ing on construction or acquisition of new production equipment
since 1950. Japanese prisoner-of-war reports as well as newspaper
reports are inaccurate in most instances.
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APPENDIX D
SOURCES AND EVALUATION OF SOURCES
1. Evaluation of Sources.
The intelligence reports covering the plants in Region XI in
most instances contain information of the period 19+0-50.
a. Prisoner-of-War Reports.
In many instances these reports are inacurrate and mis-
leading. They emphasize unimportant features such as the height
of the fence around the plant and the type of roof on a building.
Open-hearth furnaces or cupolas are frequently referred to as
blast furnaces. In many instances it appears that the prisoners
of war has information which is not being received, because of
improper. guidance by the interrogator.
b. Newspapers and Periodicals.
These sources are considered-good as a rule. At times,
however, they exaggerate and quote figures which give a favorable
impression but do not reveal facts.
2. Sources and Evaluation of Sources.
.Evaluations, following the classification entry and designated
"Eval.," have the following significance:
Source of Information
Information
A
- Completely reliable
Doc. - Documentary
B
- Usually reliable
1 - Confirmed by other sources
C
- Fairly reliable
2 - Probably true
D
- Not usually reliable
3 - Possibly true
E
- Not reliable
4 - Doubtful
F
- Cannot be judged
- Probably false
6 - Cannot be judged
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"Documentary" refers to original. documents of foreign governments
.and organizations; copies or translations of such documents by a
staff officer; or information extracted from such documents by a
staff officer, all of which will carry the field evaluation "Docu-
mentary" instead of a numerical grade.
Evaluations not otherwise designated are those appearing on
the. cited document; those designated "RR" are by the author of this
report. No "RR" evaluation is given when the author agrees with
the evaluation on the cited document.
25X1A
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