PLANT STUDY OF THE IRON AND STEEL INDUSTRY OF THE USSR: ECONOMIC REGION X

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP79-01093A000500130002-8
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 44
• Document Creation Date: November 9, 2016
• Document Release Date: October 7, 1998
• Sequence Number: 2
• Publication Date: June 23, 1954
• Content Type: IR

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PLANT STUDY OF THE IRON AND STEEL INDUSTRY
OF THE USSR: ECONOMIC REGION X
CIA/RR PR-62
(ORR Project 23.180)
23 June 1.054
The data and conclusions contained in this report do not
necessarily represent the final position of ORR and should
not be regarded as provisional only and subject to revision.
Comments and additional data which may be available to the
user are solicited.
THIS DOCUMENT CONTAINS INFORMATION AFFECTING THE NATIONAL DEFENSE
OF THE UNITED STATES WITHIN THE MEANING OF THE ESPIONAGE LAWS,
TITLE 18, USC, SECS. 793 AND 794, THE TRANSMISSION OR REVELATION
OF WHICH IN ANY MANNER TO AN UNAUTHORIZED PERSON IS PROHIBITED
BY LAW.
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FOREWORD
The report covers those plants in Economic Region X which produce
metallurgical coke, pig iron, steel ingots, and steel castings or
other types of finished steel.
Although Economic Region X accounted for slightly less than
1 percent of the production of steel for ingots, castings, and finished
steel in 1953, this production represents a significant recent develop-
ment in the Soviet steel industry.
The primary intelligence value of the report lies in the basic
evaluation of plant capacity of this region as a contribution to the
capabilities of the USSR in the production of metallurgical coke,
pig iron, steel, or finished steel products. The localization of
industrial centers and individual plants and their importance in the
Soviet iron and steel industry furnish valuable target information.
Regional production estimates of the Soviet iron and steel industry
also serve as a check on Soviet statistics.
This report is one of a series of regional provisional reports
that will provide basic research data for a comprehensive study
which is to be made on the iron and steel industry of the USSR.
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CONTENTS
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Page
1. Kazakh Metallurgical Plant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
2. Karaganda Tank Plant imeni Stalin . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
3. Karaganda Mine Equipment Plant imeni Parkhomenko. . . . . . 12
4. Uzbek Metallurgical Plant imeni Lenin . . . . . . . . . . . 14
5. Tashkent Locomotive and Railroad Car Repair Plant
imeni Kaganovich . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
6. Tashselmash Agricultural Machine Factory
imeni Voroshilov . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Appendixes
Appendix A. Plant Summary Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Appendix B. Methodology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Appendix C. Gaps in Intelligence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Appendix D. Sources and Evaluation of Sources. . . . . . . . . 35
1. Production of Iron and Steel in Region X. . . . . . . . . . 3
2. Production of Steel at the Kazakh Metallurgical Plant . . . 6
3. Production of Finished Steel at the Kazak Metallurgical
Plant, 1947 - 53 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
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4. Production of Steel at the Uzbek Metallurgical Plant .
imeni Lenin, 1944-53 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.
5. Production of Finished Steel at the Uzbek Metallurgical
Plant imeni Lenin, 1947-53 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
6. Production and Capacity of the Kazakh Metallurgical Plant,
1953 ........................... 25
7. Production and Capacity of the Karaganda Tank Plant
imeni Stalin, 1953 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
8. Production and Capacity of the Karaganda Mine Equipment
Plant imeni Parkhomenko, 1953. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
9. Production and Capacity of the Uzbek Metallurgical Plant
imeni Lenin . . . . . . . . . . . . .? . . . . . . . . . . . 27
10. Production and Capacity of the Tashkent Locomotive
and Railroad Car Repair Plant imeni Kaganovich, 1953 . . . 28
11. Production and Capacity of the Tashselmash Agricultural
Machine Factory imeni Vorashilov, 1953 . . . . . . . . . . 29
Following Page
USSR Economic Region X: Iron and Steel Plants. . . . . . . 2L
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cIA/RR PR-62
(ORR Project 23.180)
S-E-C-R-E-T
PLANT STUDY OF THE IRON AND STEEL INDUSTRY
OF THE USSR: ECONOMIC REGION X*
Summary
All steel produced in Economic Region X** (Kazakhstan and Central
Asia) in 1953 came from two oblasts, Karaganda and Tashkent, with
output evenly divided between the two. The Kazakh Metallurgical
Plant produced 81 percent of the steel-in Region Xa (Kazakhstan) while
the Uzebek Metallurgical Plant accounted for 87.7 percent of the steel
output of Region Xb (Central Asia). All the rest of the steel in
both Region Xa and Region Xb came from foundries located in manu-
facturing plants. (See the accompanying map for locations of iron and
steel plants in Economic Region X.***)
In order to make use of the then undeveloped raw material
resources of Central Asia and to provide the economy of the region
with its annual requirements of more than 100,000 tons**** of finished
steel products, the Russians in 1944 began construction of 2 new steel
plants. In 9 years 2 well-managed,. efficient steel plants have been
established at Begovt and Temir-Tau.
Original plans for a fully integrated steel industry have not yet
been realized as there is no coke or pig iron production, but an
adequate raw material base of coking coal, iron ore, limestone, and
some of the alloying metals exists within Region X to support one.
Development and expansion of a fully integrated industry will depend
upon the demands of the consuming industries.
* The estimates and conclusions contained in this report represent
the best judgment of the responsible analyst as of 15 May 1954.
** The term region in this report refers to the economic regions
defined and numbered on CIA Map 12048, 9-51 (First Revision, 7-52),
USSR: Economic Regions.
*** Following p. 24.
**** Tonnages throughout this report are given in metric tons.
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In 1953, Region X produced 339,000 tons of steel for ingots and
castings and 260,700 tons of finished steel. Of the USSR total steel
and finished steel the area accounted for 0.90 percent and 0.94 per-
cent respectively. Of the finished steel produced in Region X
30,400 tons or 11.7 percent was in the form of steel castings.
Of the 339,000 tons produced in Region X. 321,000 tons were made
by open-hearth furnaces, 10,000 tons by Bessemer converters, and
8,000 tons by electric furnaces.
Rolled steel products produced in Region X were consumed princi-
pally by the construction and machine-building industries within
Central Asia. Some structurals were supplied to hydroelectric plant
construction projects in other Soviet economic regions while smaller
amounts were exported to China. All steel castings were consumed
within the plants in which they were produced. Production. of iron
and steel in Region X is given in Table 1.* (For summaries of
production and capacity of individual plants, see Appendix A,
Tables 6-11.**)
1. Kazakh Metallurgical Plant (Temir-Tau Metallurgical Plant)
25X1A2g
a. Location.
50?05'N - 72?56'E, Temir-Tau, Karaganda Oblast, Kazakh SSR.
b. History and Development.
When the plant was planned in 1942 it was to have 4 blast
furnaces with an annual capacity of 1.2 million tons, 10 open-hearth
furnaces with a capacity of 1.4 million tons annually finishing
rolling mills capable of producing over 1 million tons of rolled
products including 700,000 tons of seamless tubing, and a coke-
chemical plant. J***
* Table 1 follows on p. 3.
** Tables 6-11 follow on pp. 25-29.
*** Footnote references in arabic numerals are to sources listed in
Appendix D.
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Production of Iron and Steel in Region X
1953
Plant
Coke
Pig Iron
Steel
Total
Finished
Steel
Steel
Castings
Karaganda Oblast
Kazakh Metallurgical
Plant
0
0
136.0
112.9
0
Karaganda Tank Plant
imeni Stalin
0
0
24.0
13.0
13.0
Karaganda Mine Equip-
ment plant imeni
Parkhomenko
0
0
8.0
4.8
4.8
0
0
168.0
130.7
17.8
Uzbek Metallurgical
Plant imeni Lenin
0
0
150.0
117.4
0
Tashkent Locomotive
and Railroad Car
Repair Plant imeni
Kaganovich
0
0
11.0
6.6
6.6
Tashselmash Agricul-
tural Machine Plant
imeni Voroshilov
0
0
10.0
6.o
6.0
Total
0
0
171.0
130.0
12.6
Grand Total
339.0
260.7
30.4
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The plant was designed to supply the economy of Kazakhstan and
Central Asia with rails, structurals, pig iron, coke, Dinas bricks,
and chamotte. 2/
Actual operations began at the plant on 31 December 1944 when
the first open hearth was tapped. 3/ By November 1946 there were one
open-hearth furnace, a mechanical repair shop, and the 400 rolling mill
in operation. 4/ In October 1947 a second open-hearth and a plate-
sneet mill were producing. 5/ The third open hearth was commissioned
on 2 March 1949, and sometime between 1947 and 1949 a 280 bar mill was
installed. 6
No blast furnaces have been built, and no other new equipment
has been installed since 1949. To date the Russians have fallen far
short of fulfilling the rather ambitious plans for this plant.
c. Raw Materials and Other Inputs.
The Kazakh Metallurgical Plant is located in an area which
contains sufficient supplies of all the basic raw materials necessary
to the development of an integrated steel industry. Within the Kazakh
SSR there are deposits of coal, limestone, quartz, and iron ore. 7/
Major deposits of iron ore are located at Atasuskiy, Ayat River mine,
and Karsakpay with coal,molybdenum,and tungsten available in Karaganda
Oblast. 8/
Coal is obtained from the Saran mine 20 kilometers (km) south
of Karaganda, manganese from Dzhezdy 720 km away and molybdenum from
Akotaban just north of Balkhash Lake. 9/ There is no information of
the amounts of these raw materials consumed by the plant.
Scrap constitutes 60 to 70 percent of the metallic charges of
the open-hearth furnaces and is obtained mostly from manufacturing
plants and collection centers within Kazakh SSR. 10/ Based on the 1953
steel production between 80,000 and 95,000 tons of scrap were consumed.
The source of pig iron is not known, but it is reasonable to
assume that it is supplied from the Urals. Based on the 1953 steel
production and the scrap charging practice, between 40,000 and 55,000
tons were consumed.
Sources and quantities of coke for the iron cupolas are unknown.
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d. Coking Facilities.
None.
e. Ironmaking Facilities.
There are no blast furnaces for the production of pig iron.
The iron foundry contains two cupolas of unknown capacity which
operate two shifts per day. 11/
f. Steelmaking Facilities.
There are 3 oil-fired 12/ open-hearth furnaces 13/ each with
estimated capacity and hearth area of 50 to 60 tons and 25 square
meters respectively. 14/ From 1944 to the end of 1947 there was
1 furnace; from 1947 to 1949, 2 furnaces; and from March 1949, the
open-hearth shop has been at its present capacity.
Open-hearth coefficients -- that is,* the tons of steel
produced per square meter of hearth area per 24-hour period -- for
the years 1947 to 1953 were as follows: 1947, 3.0; 1948, 4.1 15/;
1950, 4.9 16/; 1951, 6.23 17/; 1952, 6.62 18/; and for the first
half of 1953, 7.1. 19/
Prior to 1949, each furnace made 2 heats per day, but in
1949, heats were increased to 3 per day. 20/ In 1950, melting time
per heat was reduced from 8 hours to 6 hours. 21/ While the heat
time was being reduced, the weight per heat was increasing. In
1946, the average weight of a melt for the entire plant was 35.2
tons; in 1947, 38.3 tons; in 1948, 41.5 tons; in 1949, 47.3 tons;
and in 1950, over 50 tons. 22/
Percentage increases in steel production have been announced
by the Russians for each year since the plant started. Production
estimates based on coefficients and those based on percentage
increases do not agree in some years. Other sources tend to con-
firm the announced increases. From these data and other documentary
evidence the annual production of steel from 1945 through 1953 is
estimated in Table 2.*
* Table 2 follows or, p. 6.
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Table 2
Production of Steel at the Kazakh Metallurgical Plant
Metric Tons
1945
10,000 23/
1946
15,000 7
1947
21,000 24/
1948
39,000 25/
1949
52,000 2g/
1950
74,000 27/
1951
89,800 2S/
1952
123,000 29/
1953
136,000
a. By interpolation.
b. Estimates based on in-
creased coefficient in 1953. 30/
g. Primary Rolling Mills.
Although there is no blooming or slabbing mill, there is a
heavy bar and billet mill which takes ingots directly. Slab type
billets are produced for the sheet-plate mill.
h. Finishing Facilities.
(1) 400 Bar and Billet Mill.
This mill began producing in June 1946 31/ and by 1949
was handling regularly 300 ingots per 32/ This mill in 1949
set a record of rolling 620 ingots per shift,33/ which was broken in
1952 with a total of 780 ingots per shift when the normal schedule
was 400. 34/ Based on a norm of 400 and assuming an ingot weight
of one-half ton and that the mill works 18 shifts per week for
50 weeks a year, the capacity of this mill is estimated at 180,000
tons per year.
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(2) 280 Bar Mill.
This is a five-stand in train bar mill 35/ on which
channel, bean, and angle structural shapes as well as flat bars are
produced. 36/ In 1952 this mill set a rolling record of 705 billets
in 8 hours against a norm of 400. 37/ Annual capacity of this mill
is not known, since there is no basis for estimating the weight of
the billets used.
(3)' Sheet-Plate Mill.
A sheet mill of unknown size and capacity was put into
operation on October 30, 1947- 38/ This mill produces hot-rolled
sheet, roofing sheet, and plates.
(4) Iron Foundry.
An iron foundry with two cupolas produces castings mostly
for mill maintenance. 39/
(5) Wire Machine.
The plant has 1 cold drawing machine which produces rods
5 millimeters (mm) to 15 mm in diameter.
Z~v
i. Intraplant Services.
Electric power is supplied to the plant by the Karaganda
Electric Power Station which is located in Temir-Tau. 41
Water supply for the plant is the Samarkhand Reservoir located
on the Nura River L2/
To provide fuel for the open hearths and soaking pits there are
4 fuel oil storage tanks, 15 meters (m) in diameter and 10 m high, with
a capacity of 5,000 tons each.
For maintaining the operating facilities there is a mechanical
repair shop with the usual complement of equipment. 44/
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J. Products and Production.
The Kazakh Metallurgical Plant produces ingots, semifinished
rolled products, channels, beams, rails, angles, bars, rods, plates,
and hot-rolled sheets including roofing sheets. 45
There are three general classes of structurals rolled: light,
medium, and heavy, but the dimensions included in each class are not
known. 46 Plates are produced in widths of 50 centimeters (cm) to
2 m and thicknesses of 5 mm to 2 cm. Alloy plates, including an
analysis of 0.14 carbon, 0.65 manganese, 0.59 silicon, 0.009 phosphorus,
0.24 sulfur, 14.05 chromium, and 0.35 nickel,and armor plate have been
made in the past few years. 47/
Estimates of total rolled steel production for 1947 through
1953 are given in Table 3.
Table 3
Production of Finished Steel
at the Kazakh Metallurgical Plant
1947-53
Year Amount
1947 15,100 a/
1948 28,700 1+8/
1949 43,1009/
1950 58,600 5'0/
1951 75,200 51/
2
1952 104,500 :b'
1953 112,900
a. Based on a 72 percent yield from
ingot to finished rolled product.
b. Based on an 83 percent yield in
keeping with yields obtained in 1951
and 1952.
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The rolled steel products of the Kazakh Metallurgical Plant
are distributed principally to the construction and machine-
building industries. 53/ In January and February 1952 the plant
shipped heavy armor plate to China. 54/
For the most part, rolled steel products from the plant
are consumed by the machine-building enterprises within the
Central Asia area.
1. Plant Efficiency.
The Kazakh Metallurgical Plant must be considered as
efficiently operated in view of the fact that the plans for
both ingots and rolled steel have been consistently fulfilled year
after year. Open-hearth and rolling mill production have been
increased substantially each year since the plant was started.
In 1951, by reducing the sulfur content of the steel the
number of off-beats in the open-hearth furnace was decreased by
two-thirds and rejections of finished steel were cut in half. 55/
In the third quarter of 1951 the Kazakh open-hearth shop
was rated second in All-Union Competition. 56/ In 1952, Kaptilov,
the rolling mill foreman, was rated as the best rolling mill
operator in the country. 57/
m. Administration.
The plant is under the Ministry of Ferrous Metallurgy. 58/
n. Personnel.
In 1947, there were 1,850 workers; in 1948, 2,050; and
current employment is estimated at 2,500. 59/
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Bakst (fnu) has been director of the plant since it started
and still held that position in January 1954. 60/ With Bakst in
1945 were Gerandor as chief engineer and Baglimbayev as open-
hearth foreman. 61/
Sometime before 1954, Fyodor Voshchenko replaced Baglimbayev
as foreman of the open hearth 62/ and between 1947 and 1952 Kaptilov
was made foreman of the rolling mill, 63/ replacing Nurbekov. 64/
2. Karaganda Tank Plant imeni Stalin 1/
49o5O'N - 730 10'E, Karaganda, Kazakh SSR, Central Asia.,
USSR. 2/
25X1 A2g
b. History and Development.
Construction of this plant was finished in October 1944- 3/
The plant was built for the purpose of repairing combat tanks,
especially of the T-34 type. 4/
c. Raw Materials and Other Inputs.
No information available.
d. Coking Facilities.
None.
e. Ironmaking Facilities.
None.
f. Steelmaking Facilities.
There is a steel foundry with one open-hearth furnace.
There is no reliable information about the size of this furnace,
but based on the character of other plant facilities and the
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estimated cast steel requirements of the reported number of tanks
repaired, the capacity of the furnace is estimated at 25 tons and
its 1953 production at 2+,000 tons. 5/
g. Primary Rolling Mills.
None.
h. Finishing Facilities.
Steel casting shop.
i. Intraplant Services.
A double-track Soviet gauge runs two switches into the plant,
which also is served by a fleet of 15 motor trucks from an outside
motor pool. The foundry is supplemented by a well-equipped machine
shop. 6/
The foundry casts steel tank turrets, chains, turning rings,
and other tank parts. 7/ It is estimated that 1953 production of
steel castings was 13,000 tons.
k. Distribution.
All production of finished steel castings is consumed by the
home plant. 8/
1. Plant Efficiency.
No information available.
M. Administration.
No information available.
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n. Personnel.
3. Karaganda Mine Equipment Plant imeni Parkhomenko (Barashamen
Mining Equipment Foundry
25X1 A2gx
a. Location.
49052'N - 7 '10'E, Karaganda, Karaganda Oblast, Kazakh SSR,
Central Asia. l/ The plant is located 3 km southwest of the
Karaganda coal station. 2/
b. History and Development.
A small plant has existed at this site since 1912, but in
1942 expansion was begun which was completed in 1947- 3/ The
plant's production facilities are entirely devoted to the manu-
facture of mining equipment, from picks and shovels to large,
mechanized coal-cutting machines.
c. Raw Materials and Other Inputs.
Quantities of raw materials consumed by the plant are unknown,
but pig iron comes from Chelyabinsk, 4/ and coal is supplied by a
small mine within the factory area. 57 Sources of iron and steel
scrap are not known.
d. Coking Facilities.
None.
e. Ironmaking Facilities.
There is one cupola of unknown capacity for the production
of gray cast iron. 61
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f. Steelmaking Facilities.
There are two 2-ton electric furnaces which produce 6 to 8 tons
of steel every 8 hours. 7/ 1953 production is estimated at 7,500 to
8,000 tons.
g. Primary Rolling Mills.
None.
h. Finishing Facilities.
There are an iron foundry and a steel foundry which produce
cast parts for the manufacture of coal mining equipment. 8/
i. Intraplant Services.
Industrial water comes from a small lake near the plant. 9/
Electric power is furnished by the Karaganda Power Plant. 10/
j. Products and Production.
Products of the ironmaking and steelmaking facilities are
castings. Steel castings production in 1953 is estimated to be
4,500 to 4,800 tons based on a 60 percent yield of finished castings
from steel production.
k. Distribution...
All the iron and steel products are consumed within the plant.
1. Plant Efficiency.
Labor productivity in 1952 rose 12 percent over 1951. 11/
m. Administration.
The plant is believed to be under the Ministry of Machine
Building.
n. Personnel.
In 1950, Shudenitsch (fnu) was manager and Bjeli was chief
engineer. 12/
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In 1948 the entire plant employed 800 people of which 40 per-
cent were women and 200 were prisoners of war. 13/
4. Uzbek Metallurgical Plant imeni Lenin Uzbek Farkhadstroy l/
25X1A2g
a. Location.
400121N - 69ol8'E, Begovat, Tashkent Oblast, Central Asia.
The plant is located in the eastern end of the city of Begovat, 1,000
meters north of the Syr Darya River, approximately 2 km northwest
of the Farkhad Dam and 3 Ion east of the railroad and the bridge
across the Syr Darya River. 2/
b. History and Development.
In order to make use of the then undeveloped sources of raw
materials of Central Asia and because of the desire for regional
self-sufficiency, the Russians planned to establish a fully integrated
steel plant at Begovat. Prior to the war, this area imported from
other Soviet regions 100,000 tons of steel annually and as a result
of wartime increase in industrial enterprise, consumption rose con-
siderably. 3/
Originally, long-range planning called for four blast
furnaces with a total capacity of 1 million tons of pig iron and an
ultimate capacity of 1,250,000 tons of open-hearth steel annually. 4/
Initial construction was to provide an open-hearth shop, rolling mill,
iron and steel foundries, boiler shop, power house, mechanical repair
shop, refractory brick plant, and a transportation system. Later con-
struction was to include a coke-chemical plant, a blast furnace depart-
ment and a ferroalloy plant. 5/
Excavation began in September 1942 and by December the same
year the foundations for the auxiliary shops were laid. In January
1943, construction of the first open-hearth furnace began; in February,
construction of the rolling mill and electric power station was started;
and in December 1943 a railroad was built to the site. The first open-
hearth furnace began producing in March 1944 and the second in December
1944 while the electric station began generating power in May 1946 and
the 300 structural mill produced its first products in August of 1946. 6/
Installation of a sheet rolling mill was begun in 1946. 7/ When the
third open-hearth furnace was completed in 1948, it was announced that
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the open-hearth shop had reached planned capacity; indicating the
original plans had been revised drastically. 8/
By 1946 a total of 50 million rubles had been spent in the
plant. 9/
There is no evidence that any major production facilities have
been added to this plant since 1948.
c. Raw Materials and Other Inputs.
The Uzbek plant receives raw materials as follows: pig iron
from Magnitogorsk,'coal from the Karaganda Basin, coke from Kemerovo,
scrap from the scrap collection trust at Tashkent, and fuel oil from
the Vannovskaya Petroleum Refinery. 10/ There is no direct information
on the quantities of these inputs consumed by the plant.
d. Coking Facilities.
None.
e. Ironmaking Facilities.
There are no blast furnaces for the production of pig
iron.
The iron foundry has 1 cupola, 2 meters in diameter, which is
operated
-1 shift per day. 11/ On this basis it is estimated that cast
iron
production is 45,000 tons per year.
f. Steelmaking Facilities.
There are three oil-fired open-hearth furnaces. 12' Although
the furnace capacities are not given, by using a relationship between
annual productions and announced coefficients for certain years, it is
estimated that these furnaces are 50 to 60 tons capacity each. Annual
steel production from the plant's beginning through 1953 are shown in
Table 4.*
* Table follows on p. 16.
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Table 4
Production of Steel at the Uzbek
Metallurgical Plant imeni Lenin
1944-53
1944
No regular
production 13/
1945
12,000 14/-
1946
17,000 15/
1947
28,000 T 1/
1948
56,000 17/
1949
8o,00o TS/
1950
90,000 Plan
86,000 19/
1951
100,000 20/
1952
123,000 21/
1953
150,000 22/
Open-hearth furnace coefficients are reported for three years,
as follows: 1948, 3.0 23/; 1951, 4.3 pledged 24/; 1952, 4.72
pledged. 25/
g. Primary Rolling Mills.
There is no blooming or slabbing mill at this plant, but the
first section of the 300 mill serves as a breakdown mill for ingots.
This mill set a record of rolling 535 ingots per shift in 1950. 26/
h. Finishing Facilities.
Finishing facilities at the Uzbek Metallurgical Plant are:
(1) Bar, Billet,and Structural Mill.
This combination mill, installed in 1946 and known as the
300 mill, is capable of rolling bars, billets, structurals,and rods
in addition to doubling as a break-down mill for ingots. It consists
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of three stages: 600 - 420 - 300. Roll sizes are not given as the
rolls are changed with each type of product rolled. At the time of
installation the mill had an annual rated capacity of 60,000 tons of
finished rolled products. 27/
(2) Sheet Mill.
This mill, believed to have been completed in 1949, was
reported to be highly mechanized in 1952. 28/ It rolls commercial
sheets and roofing sheet. Its capacity is unknown.
(3) Iron Foundry.
There is an iron foundry which produces approximately
28,000 tons of gray iron castings per year based on a 63 percent
yield of the cupola production.
i. Intraplant Services.
(1) Electric Power.
Electric power consumed by the Uzbek Metallurgical Plant
is furnished by the Begovat Heat and Power Plant, TETs, (Teploelektro-
tsentral' -- Steam Heat and Electric Power Station) which is tied in
with the Central Asia electric power grid. 29/
(2) Other Services.
The plant has a mechanical repair shop, blacksmith shop,
boiler house, and a compressor station. 30/
j. Products and Production.
Although original plans included the production of pig iron,
ingots, ferroalloys,and rolled products, 31/ facilities for pig iron
and ferroalloys were never installed. The plant presently produces
only ingots, billets, strip, sheets, plates up to 5 mm thick, roofing
sheet, rods of 17 mm diameter, and a wide variety of structural
shapes. 32/ The bulk of the finished steel production is comprised
of structural shapes and hot rolled sheets, including roofing sheets.
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Estimates of finished steel production for the years 1947
through 1953 are contained in Table 5.
Production of Finished Steel at the Uzbek
Metallurgical Plant imeni Lenin
1947-53
1947
1948
1949
1950
1951
1952
1953
20,200 a/
40,-400 33/
64,ooo 7
70,200 34/
79,100 35/
101.'000 36/
117,400 37/
a. Based on a yield of 72 percent of
ingot production.
b. Based on a yield of 80 percent of
ingot production.
Since this plant was primarily established to provide the
steel requirements for Central Asia, most of its rolled products
are distributed to points within Region X such as Tashkent, Turksit,
and Karaganda. In 1952 large quantities of structural shapes were
shipped to Kuybyshev for the construction of the hydroelectric
power plant and to the Turkmen Canal. 38/ Sizable shipments of
rolled steel products have been made over the past several years to
the new power stations and navigation and irrigation canals on the
Volga, Dnepr, Don, and Amu-Darya Rivers. 39/
Rolled products from this plant are regularly supplied to the
manufacturers of agricultural, coal mining, and oil-drilling machinery
within the area and the Transcaucasus. 40/
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1. Plant Efficiency.
Judging from the manner in which ingot and rolled steel
production has been increased since the 1948-49 period without
additional facilities, the Uzbek Metallurgical Plant must be considered
to be efficiently operated.
In 1952 the plant fulfilled the 6-month production program 41/
and during this same year product yields were pledged for 85 percent
on structurals and 83 percent on sheets with inspection rejects to be
kept to 3 percent maximum. 42/
Some open-hearth production was lost in January and February
1951 when the lack of scrap caused the furnaces to shut down for 350
hours. 43/
In the first part of 1953 labor productivity increased 26
percent. 44/
m. Administration.
The plant is under the Ministry of Ferrous Metallurgy. 45/
n. Personnel.
Some of the management at the Uzbek plant from 1946 to the
present time were:
1946: F.F. Ryazanov, director; Kurbatov (fnu), chief
engineer; S.C. Aitmetov, chief of construction; and A.L. Sergienko,
chief of the rolling mill. 46/
1948: Khamsutsdin Arhunovich Khodzhayev, plant director. 47/
1951: I.F. Mukhamedov, plant director. 48/
1953: Trofimov (fnu), chief engineer. 49/
While the plant was under construction some of the labor
scheduled to man it was trained at the Alapaevsk and Stalinsk
Metallurgical Plants. 50/ The number of workers, reported as 1,500
in July 1946, 53./ has risen to between 2,000 and 2,500.
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5. Tashkent Locomotive and Railroad Car Repair Plant imeni
Kaganovich 1 (Krasnyy Vostochni 2 25X1A2g
41?17'N - 69?17'E, Tashkent, Tashkent Oblast, Central Asia.
The plant is located immediately southeast of the railroad station. 3/
b. History and Development.
The plant has been in existence for over 50 years and since
1919 has expanded tenfold. 4/ Open-hearth operations began in
1934. 5/ The plant suffered no war damage and apparently was not
converted to the production of war materiel during World War II. 61
c. Raw Materials and Other Inputs.
The quantities and sources of coal and pig iron are not known.
Fuel oil was delivered from Baku in 1943 7/ but currently may come
from the Fergana Valley. Thirty tons of scrap are consumed daily. 8/
d Coking Facilities.
None.
e. Ironmaking Facilities.
None.
f. Steelmaking Facilities.
There are 2 oil-fired open-hearth furnaces, each with a hearth
area of 4.14 square meters and a capacity of 10 tons. 9/ Based on an
estimated coefficient of 4.0, 1953 steel production is estimated to be
11,000 tons.
g. Primary Rolling Mills.
None.
h. Finishing Facilities.
The steel foundry makes castings for locomotive repairs.
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i. Intraplant Services.
The plant has a forge, machine shop,10/ and a small inefficient
power plant which is supplemented by outside sources. 11/
j. Products and Production.
Products are finished steel castings estimated at 6,600 tons
in 1953 based on a yield of 60 percent from poured steel to finished
casting.
k. Distribution.
The entire production of the foundry is consumed by the plant
as parts for the repair of locomotives and railroad cars. 12/
1. Plant Efficiency.
No information.
m. Administration.
The plant is under the Ministry of Transportation. 13/
n. Personnel.
The entire plant employed 1,300 workers in 1950. 14/ Manager
of the plant in 1951 was Rusak (fnu). 15/
6. Tashselmash Agricultural Machine Factory imeni Voroshilov,
(Agricultural Machine Factory, Plant No. 702 1
41?20'N - 69?18'E.Tashkent, Tashkent Oblast, Uzbek SSR,
Central Asia, USSR. 2/
b. History and Development.
This enterprise was started shortly after World War I for the
purpose of producing agricultural machinery and was devoted to this
type of production until the outbreak of World War II when conversion
was made promptly to the production of mortars, mortar shells, and
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other munitions of war. 3/ There appears to have been no damage. 4/
Promptly after the cessation of hostilities, the plant was recon-
verted to the manufacture of agricultural facilities, emphasizing
cotton-picking combines. 5/
c. Raw Materials and Other Inputs.
The principal raw materials required for the foundry at this
plant are pig iron received at the rate of 5,000 tons per year from
Magnitogorsk, and scrap in the amount of 6,000 tons per year derived
from various sources in Central Asia. 6/ Other inputs received from
time to time in varying amounts are coal, coke,.limestone, 7/ fire
brick, 8/ and sand. 9/
d, Coking Facilities.
None.
e. Ironmaking Facilities.
There are 4 coke-fired cupolas melting iron in this foundry.
Some of the iron so produced is used for direct casting in the gray
iron foundry, and the rest is blown into steel in the Bessemer con-
verters discussed under f, below. 10/ The cupolas rotate in operation;
three producing iron while the fourth is idle. ll/ Production is
90 tons of iron per day, or about 30,000 tons per year. 12/ Of this,
two-thirds is devoted to gray iron castings, while one-third is
blown in the Bessemer converters. 13/
f. Steelmaking Facilities.
There are 3 Bessemer converters, each with 3.5-ton capacity. 14/
The converters rotate in operation; one producing steel while the
other is idle. Production is 30 tons of steel per day, or 10,000 tons
per year. 15/ Estimated production in 1953 was 10,000 tons.
g. Primary Rolling Mills.
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h. Finishing Facilities.
Features of the steel foundry are a molding shop, sand-
blasting apparatus, 2 oil-fired annealing furnaces, 8 semiautomatic
16 ,/ and 2 overhead cranes, each
casting machines, 4 drying furnaces,
of 5-ton capacity. 17/
J. Intraplant Services.
Adjuncts to the steel foundry are a machine shop and a polishing
and assembly shop. 1j Six switches enter the plant from the Soviet-
gauge Turkestan-Samarkand Railway. 19/ A narrow-gauge system operates
within the plant. 20/ Electric power comes from the power plant at
Begovat on the Syr-Daxya River. 21/
J. Products and Production.
Approximately 6,000 tons of finished steel castings are produced
in the principal forms of spur gears, levers, tank track wheels, and
track links. 22/ End products are agricultural machinery (especially
cotton-picking combines), mortar mounts, tractors, caterpillar parts,
and various other types of moving equipment. 23/
k. Distribution.
Steel castings produced here are consumed entirely in the
manufacture of the end products of the home plant. These end products
are distributed throughout the agricultural regions of the Turkmen
and Kirghiz SSR's and generally throughout the cotton growing areas of
Central Asia. 24/
1. Plant Efficiency.
Thirty percent of the castings made here are rejected. 25/
m. Administration.
No information.
n. Personnel.
The foundry employed about 400 workers in 1949. 26/
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IRON AND STEEL PLANTS
i Shown on the map are locations and plants
known to have steelmaking facilities. There
are no blast furnaces in this region.
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APPENDIX A
PLANT SUMMARY TABLES
Table 6
Production and Capacity
of the Kazakh Metallurgical Plant
1953
Metallurgical Coke Production None
Pig Iron Production None
Steel Production
3 Open-Hearth Furnaces 136.0
Finishing Capacities
400 Bar and Billet Mill Unknown
280 Bar and Structural Mill Unknown
Sheet-Plate Mill Unknown
Wire Mill Unknown
Iron Foundry Unknown
Finished Steel Production 112.9
Power Plant Capacity None
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Production and Capacity
of the Karaganda Tank Plant imeni Stalin
1953
Metallurgical Coke Production None
Pig Iron Production None
Steel Production
1 Open-Hearth Furnace 2L+.0
Finishing Capacity
Steel Foundry
Finished Steel Production
Castings
Power Plant Capacity
Table 8
13.0
Production and Capacity
of the Karaganda Mine Equipment Plant imeni Parkhomenko
1953
Thousand Metric Tons
Metallurgical Coke Production None
Pig Iron Production None
Steel Production
2 Electric Furnaces,
2-ton Capacity Each 8.0
Finishing Capacities
Iron Foundry Unknown
Steel Foundry Unknown
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Table 8
Production and Capacity
of the Karaganda Mine Equipment Plant imeni Parkhomenko
1953
(Continued)
Thousand Metric Tons
Finished Steel Production
Castings
Power Plant Capacity
Table 9
Production and Capacity of the Uzbek
Metallurgical Plant imeni Lenin
1953
Thousand Metric Tons
Metallurgical Coke Production None
Pig Iron Production None
Steel Production
3 Open-Hearth Furnaces 150.0
Finishing Capacities
Bar, Billet, and Structural Mill
Sheet Mill
Iron Foundry
Finished Steel Production
Rolled Steel Shapes
Iron Castings
60.0
Unknown
Unknown
117.4
28.0
Power Plant Capacity None
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Production and Capacity of the Tashkent Locomotive
and Railroad Car Repair Plant imeni Kaganovich
1953
Thousand Metric Tons
Metallurgical Coke Production None
Pig Iron Production None
Steel Production
2 Open-Hearth Furnaces,
10-Ton Capacity Each 11.0
Finishing Capacities
Steel Foundry Unknown
Finished Steel Production
Castings 6.6
Power Plant Capacity Unknown
Production and Capacity of the Tashselmash
Agricultural Machine Factory imeni Vorashilov
1953
Thousand Metric Tons
Metallurgical Coke Production None
Pig Iron Production None
Steel Production
3 Bessemer Converters,
3.5-Ton Capacity Each 10.0
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Production and Capacity of the Tashselmash
Agricultural Machine Factory imeni Vorashilov
1953
(Continued)
Thousand Metric Tons
Finishing Capacities
Steel Foundry
Finished Steel Production
Castings
Power Plant Capacity
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6.0
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METHODOLOGY
Methodology employed in estimating steel and finished steel pro-
duction of the two larger plants in this report consisted principally
of determining the output of one of the early years in life of the
plant and applying the announced percentages of increases to the
succeeding years. Most of the increases were found in the Soviet
newspapers and generally were confirmed by other sources.
On the smaller plants, all of which are foundries in manufacturing
plants, yearly increases were not available. In estimating production
of these plants various means were used. For example, where hearth
areas and coefficients of utilization were available, annual steel
production was determined in accordance with the following formula:
Hearth Area x Coefficient x Number of Working Days/Year = Annual Steel
(sq m) MT/sq m/24 hrs Production (MT)
In another case where steel was produced by Bessemer converters
and the only source of hot iron was the cupolas, production was
based on the available iron after subtracting that which was made
into gray iron castings.
In one or two plants daily production was available either in
tons per day or number of heats per day, and annual output was
determined by multiplying by an assumed number of working days per
year.
Finished steel castings were derived by taking a 55 percent yield
of liquid steel if it was thought that large castings were made or by
using a 60 percent yield where small castings were produced.
Finished iron castings were based on a yield of 63 percent from
poured iron to finished castings.
Finished rolled steel products were derived from a yield of 72
percent from ingot to finished product except in cases where
previous year's performance indicated a larger or smaller yield to
be applicable.
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GAPS IN INTELLIGENCE
Coefficients of utilization were not available for any of the
open-hearth furnaces located in the foundries of manufacturing
plants.
In most cases, specific recent data such as actual hearth areas
of open-hearth furnaces, daily, weekly, or annual tonnages of steel
and finished steel were lacking. This was particularly true of the
smaller installations.
There were pronounced gaps in intelligence regarding the
capacities of finishing mills, and requirements, and sources of raw
material inputs.
With the exception that most of the rolled steel products
produced in the area are consumed within the region, information on
use patterns was practically nonexistent.
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APPENDIX D
SOURCES AND EVALUATION OF SOURCES
1. Evaluation of Sources.
In general, sources concerning the two major steel plants in
Region X were adequate. The provincial newspapers were an excellent
source of information up to and including 1952. Information on these
two plants appeared to wane in 1953.
Although newspaper coverage on the other plants was plentiful,
the information dealt with machine production and not with the
steelmaking facilities.
For the most part prisoner-of-war reports from this area were
concerned with Japanese prisoners and contained little information
of value. Reports from German prisoners-of-war, although of better
quality, still were inadequate.
2. Sources.
Evaluations, following the classification entry and designated
"Eval.," have the following significance:
Source of Information
Information
A
- Completely reliable
Doc. - Documentary
B
- Usually reliable
1
- Confirmed by other
sources
C
- Fairly reliable
2
- Probably true
D
- Not usually reliable
3
- Possibly true
E
- Not reliable
4
- Doubtful
F
- Cannot be judged
5
- Probably false
6
- Cannot be judged
"Documentary" refers to original documents of foreign governments
and organizations; copies or translations of such documents by a
staff officer; or information extracted from such documents by a staff
officer, all of which will carry the field evaluation "Documentary"
instead of a numerical grade.
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Evaluations not otherwise designated are those appearing an the
cited document; those designated "RR" are by the author of this
report. No "RR" evaluation is given when the author agrees with the
evaluation on the cited document.
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