NATIONAL INTELLIGENCE SURVEY STANDARD INSTRUCTIONS

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP79-01055A000200080001-0
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: C
• Document Page Count: 40
• Document Creation Date: November 9, 2016
• Document Release Date: September 16, 1998
• Sequence Number: 1
• Publication Date: June 1, 1951
• Content Type: NIS

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Security Information
NATIONAL INTELLIGENCE SURVEY
STANDARD INSTRUCTIONS
NATURE, PURPOSE, AND SCOPE
OF THE NIS PROGRAM
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
Washington, D. C.
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JUNE 1951
Nature, Purpose, and Scope of the NIS Program
Authority for the NIS Program
The National Intelligence Survey (NIS) Pro-
gram was established pursuant to National Secu-
rity Council Intelligence Directive No. 3, 13 Janu-
ary 1948. This directive provides that:
An outline of all basic intelligence required
by the Government shall be prepared by the Cen-
tral Intelligence Agency (CIA) in collaboration
with other appropriate agencies.
This outline shall be broken down into
chapters, sections, and subsections which shall be
allocated as production and maintenance respon-
sibilities to CIA and those other Government agen-
cies best qualified by reason of their intelligence
requirements, production capabilities, and domi-
nant interest to assume these responsibilities.
This basic intelligence shall be compiled and
continuously maintained in National Intelligence
Survey to cover foreign countries, areas, or broad
special subjects, as appropriate.
The NIS shall be disseminated in such form
as may be determined by the Director of Central
Intelligence (DCI) and the agencies concerned.
The DCI shall be responsible for coordinat-
ing the production and maintenance and for ac-
complishing the editing, publication, and dissemi-
nation of the NIS and shall make such requests
on the agencies as are necessary for the proper
development and maintenance of the NIS.
Departments or agencies to be called on
for contributions to this undertaking may include
agencies other than those represented permanently
in the Intelligence Advisory Committee (IAC).
Basic Concepts of the NIS Program
The NIS is a concise digest of basic intelli-
gence required by the Department of Defense for
strategic planning and high level operational plan-
ning, and by the Department of State for use in
formulating and executing U.S. foreign policy. It
also serves other Government agencies which re-
quire it for the accomplishment of their missions.
In general, the intelligence contained in NIS is
concerned with the relatively permanent features
and fundamental characteristics of a country, area,
or broad special subject, and covers such fields as
the geographical, political, economic, military,
scientific, and sociological aspects of the country
or area or the fundamental aspects of the broad
special subject.
The NIS Program has two phases: 1) the initial
production of NIS on countries or areas in accord-
ance with JCS priorities and Intelligence Agency
capabilities and 2) the continuous maintenance
of such NIS.
The objective of the first phase is to pro-
duce integrated basic intelligence studies of all
pertinent aspects of the countries or areas within
the limits of available information and intelligence
on countries or areas.
The objective of the second phase is to keep
up to date the basic intelligence contained in
the published NIS, to fill gaps in this intelligence,
and to improve the presentation of material in NIS
originally produced. It is the responsibility of
agencies having dominant interest to place each
NIS element actively on a maintenance basis as
soon as the element has been initially produced.
This phase of the program is to continue indefi-
nitely. Revisions will be published as required.
Both phases of the NIS Program require an
over-all collection effort covering all important
foreign countries and areas of the world simul-
taneously.
If information is available to undertake an
NIS of lower priority than one on which ade-
quate material is not available, the NIS of lower
priority will be produced and will not be held in
abeyance pending the availability of material for
the NIS of higher priority.
While the aim of the collection effort will
be to enable the production of complete and re-
liable published NIS, it must be recognized that
the production and maintenance program requires
information in greater detail than the intelligence
which appears in the published NIS.
New information will be continuously processed
so that the intelligence on hand will be constantly
up to date and ready for use.
The NIS Program must be flexible in order
to meet the basic intelligence requirements of the
Joint Chiefs of Staff. To this end it may be neces-
sary to produce and disseminate separate chapters
or sections of any NIS.
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NATURE, PURPOSE, AND SCOPE JUNE 1951
Standard Instructions for NIS
The Standard Instructions for National Intelli-
gence Surveys contain outlines of basic intelligence
requirements, allocations of responsibility for pro-
duction, and instructions for the production of this
intelligence. These Standard Instructions were
prepared by a joint committee of representatives
of the Director of Central Intelligence and the
Chiefs of Intelligence Agencies of the Departments
of State, the Army, the Navy, and the Air Force;
were concurred in by the Intelligence Advisory
Committee; and were approved by the National
Security Council.
The outlines and outline guides are so drafted
as to cover all the basic intelligence aspects of the
most complex foreign country or area. However,
the appropriate treatment of any topic included in
the outlines and outline guides is determined by
the sense in which and the extent to which that
topic applies to the particular country or area
under consideration. Thus, the outlines and out-
line guides should be adapted to the country or
area on which the NIS is being produced.
The Standard Instructions prescribe the basic
procedures to be followed in producing and main-
taining all NIS. They cannot, however, cover all
contingencies. Hence, when cogent reasons exist,
the instructions may be modified or supplemented
to permit appropriate treatment of any topic.
Content of an NIS
An NIS is divided into chapters, each of
which treats a major functional aspect of the coun-
try or area under consideration. These chapters
are divided into sections, each of which treats a
major subdivision of the field covered by the chap-
ter. The section is so designed as to permit it to
serve as the basic unit of production and mainte-
nance and so enhance the flexibility of the NIS
Program. The NIS chapters are as follows :
Chapter
I
Brief
Chapter
II
Military Geography
Chapter
III
Transportation and Telecommunica-
tions
Chapter
IV
Sociological
Chapter
V
Political
Chapter
VI
Economic
Chapter
VII
Scientific
Chapter
VIII
Armed Forces
Chapter
IX
Map and Chart Appraisal
Certain topics involving numerous details
are given general treatment in appropriate sections
of NIS chapters and full treatment in supplements.
Supplements are prepared only if the topic in ques-
tion is sufficiently important in an NIS Area to
warrant this detailed treatment. There are, at
present, the following five supplements :
NIS Supplement No. I Ports and Naval Facilities
NIS Supplement No. II Air Facilities
NIS Supplement No. III Telecommunications
NIS Supplement No. IV Urban Areas
NIS Supplement No. V Petroleum
The Special NIS on Marine Climate and
Oceanography divides the world sea areas into
ocean basins. These ocean basins are further sub-
divided into Parts, each of which is comparable to
a chapter in the other NIS. The production unit
is a Part, each of which will consist of three sec-
tions. Ocean basins are designated as follows:
NIS 104
Atlantic Basin
12 Parts
NIS 105
Pacific Basin
12 Parts
NIS 106
Indian Basin
4 Parts
NIS 107
Arctic Basin
1 Part
NIS 108
Antarctic Basin
1 Part
A gazetteer will be published for each NIS
Area.
The geographic areas covered by the NIS
are generally defined by political boundaries. In
CHAPTERS II (Military Geography), however, areas
are determined in terms of natural geographic
units.
In some instances, it is desirable to define
the geographic area in terms of natural boundaries.
For example, since the Iberian Peninsula, includ-
ing the approaches into the Pyrenees from France,
forms a natural geographic concept, it should be
considered geographically as a whole. Thus, the
geographic treatment of this area would serve as
CHAPTER II for both NIS Portugal and NIS Spain.
Conversely, the area included within politi-
cal boundaries may be so extensive as to embrace
several natural geographic units. Examples of
such areas are the U.S.S.R. and China. CHAPTERS
II for these areas would consist of several Parts,
each treating a natural geographic unit.
In addition, it will be necessary to transcend
political boundaries in many instances in order
to obtain comprehensive treatment of certain
functional aspects, such as transportation and
ports and naval facilities; and such procedure
should be followed wherever necessary.
The scope of each chapter, supplement, and
Special NIS is outlined in detail under the Outline
Guides in this volume. Chapter and section out-
line guides in general include initial comments
relative to content of the unit as a whole which are
not repeated with but are pertinent to the detailed
outlines for individual sections and subsections.
The following standard definitions apply explicitly
to CHAPTERS II-IX and by implication to CHAP-
TER I:
a) The first section of each chapter is uni-
formly entitled Introduction. This section is not
a summary of the basic intelligence contained in
the remainder of the chapter or an explanation of
the organization of the chapter. Rather, it pre-
sents an analysis of the basic intelligence contained
in the chapter. It also presents general aspects
which cannot be treated adequately elsewhere in
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JUNE 1951 NATURE, PURPOSE, AND SCOPE
the chapter. For example, the organization and
functions of the high command are covered in SEC-
TION 80 (Introduction to CHAPTER VIII, Armed
Forces) because this topic cannot be adequately
treated in the subsequent sections of CHAPTER VIII.
The chapter outline guides indicate the nature and
scope of the treatment to be accorded the Intro-
duction of each chapter.
b) The first subsection of each section is
uniformly entitled General. This subsection is
provided to permit a proper approach to the treat-
ment of material contained in the remainder of
the section.
c) The last subsection of most sections is
uniformly entitled Comments on Principal
Sources. This subsection is to serve the following
purposes :
To provide an evaluation of the principal source mate-
rial used in preparing the section and thereby in-
form the user of the general credibility to be ac-
corded the intelligence contained in the section.
To indicate those aspects of the subject about which
information is deficient or unavailable and thereby
provide collectors of information with collection
targets. In this connection, the principal sources
(not necessarily all sources) actually used should
be indicated.
Summary of agency functions
1. GENERAL
Where one agency is responsible for a sec-
tion of a chapter or a subsection of a section which
is being coordinated by another agency, working
level liaison shall be maintained. All communica-
tions of a policy or requirements nature to the
agency preparing the section or subsection will be
passed through intelligence command channels.
In all instances working level coordination
among agencies concerned will include the follow-
ing:
Exchange, where applicable, of drafts of completed
draft sections in order to resolve inconsistencies
among sections and detect gaps in over-all cover-
age.
Informal coordination in compiling specific subsec-
tions which are assigned as the responsibility of
one agency but impinge upon the field of interest
of another.
2. NIS COMMITTEE
The NIS Committee consists of represent-
atives of the Director of Central Intelligence and
the Chiefs of the Intelligence Agencies of the De-
partments of State, the Army, the Navy, and the
Air Force. The representative of the Director of
Central Intelligence is ex officio chairman of the
committee. It also includes an advisory member
from the Joint Staff who shall be thoroughly
familiar with the basic intelligence requirements
of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS), keep the JCS
informed of the progress of the NIS Program, and
keep the NIS Committee informed of changes in
the JCS requirements.
The NIS Committee performs the following
functions :
Considers and recommends for Intelligence
Agency approval over-all policies for the NIS Pro-
gram.
Determines the scope and treatment of each NIS
to be produced.
Allocates responsibility for production and main-
tenance of NIS in accordance with the intelligence
requirements, production capabilities, and domi-
nant interest of the Intelligence Agencies con-
cerned.
Establishes NIS production and maintenance
schedules based upon JCS priorities and agency
capabilities.
Promulgates procedures and instructions for the
preparation, review, editing, and submission of NIS
contributions.
Recommends to CIA measures necessary for the
coordination of the NIS Program.
3. CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
The Central Intelligence Agency performs the
following functions:
Provides over-all coordination of the NIS Pro-
gram.
Produces those elements of NIS allocated to it for
production by the NIS Committee.
Furnishes certain common services which can
best be done centrally.
Edits NIS contributions, provides advisory sub-
stantive review, and arranges for the publication
of NIS.
Disseminates NIS in accordance with Intelligence
Agency agreements.
4. IAC AGENCIES
The IAC Agencies (State, Army, Navy, and Air
Force) perform the following functions:
Provide a member and alternate members
of the NIS Committee. This member repre-
sents, and speaks for, the Chief of the Intelligence
Agency of the Department from which he is ac-
credited.
Produce and maintain the NIS elements which
have been allocated by the NIS Committee
as production responsibilities.
Implement collection effort which may be re-
quired for NIS production and maintenance.
5. NON-IAC AGENCIES
The non-IAC Agencies perform the following
functions:
Produce and maintain portions of NIS when
explicitly assigned that responsibility by the
NIS Committee or by an Intelligence Agency with
the approval of that Committee.
Furnish Intelligence Agencies with material
for integration into NIS by those agencies.
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NATIONAL INTELLIGENCE SURVEY
STANDARD INSTRUCTIONS
ALLOCATION OF RESPONSIBILITY FOR
PREPARATION OF NIS
Washington, D. C.
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JUNE 1951 L
Allocation of Responsibility for Preparation of NIS
Neither the following allocations nor any interpretation thereof shall negate
the basic principle that each department is responsible for the production
of that intelligence which is responsive to its departmental mission.
Section 10-Introduction
11-Strategic Significance of the NIS Area
12-Military Geography
13-Transportation and Telecommunications
14-Sociological
15-Political
16-Economic
17-Scientific
18-Armed Forces
19-Map and Chart Appraisal
Section 20-Introduction
21-Military Geographic Regions
22-Coasts and Landing Beaches
23-Weather and Climate
24-Topography
25-Urban Areas
Section 30-Introduction
31-Railway
32-Highway
33-Inland Waterway
34-Petroleum Pipeline (treated in Sub-
section 62, C and Supplement V)
35-Ports and Naval Facilities
36-Merchant Marine
37-Civil Air
38-Telecommunications
Section 40-Introduction
41-Population
42-Characteristics of the People
43-Religion, Education, and Public Information
44-Manpower
45-Health and Sanitation
46-Public Welfare
CIA
CIA (with joint assistance)
Army (with joint assistance)
Army (with joint assistance)
State (with joint assistance)
State
State (with joint assistance)
CIA (with joint assistance)
Army (with joint assistance)
CIA (with joint assistance)
Army (with joint assistance)
Army
Navy (with Army assistance)
Joint Meteorological Committee
Army
Army
Army (with joint assistance)
Army
Army
Army
Joint Army-Navy
Navy
Air Force (with Navy participation)
Army
State
State (with Army assistance)
State
State
State
Army
State
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ALLOCATIONS JUNE 1951
Section 50-Introduction
51-The Constitutional System
52-Structure of the Government
53-Political Dynamics
54-Public Order and Safety
55-National Policies
56-Intelligence and Security
57-Subversive
58-Propaganda
59-Biographies of Key Personalities
Section 60-Introduction
61-Agriculture and Food
D. Electric power
63-Minerals and Metals
64-Manufacturing and Construction
A. General
B. Industrial machinery and equipment
C. Motor vehicles (including tanks, self-pro-
pelled guns, etc.)
D. Aircraft production
E. Shipbuilding
F. Explosives, industrial and military
G. Guns, explosive devices, and ammunition
H. Other military equipment and supplies
(including war gases and smoke prep-
arations)
I. Telecommunications, signal and lighting
equipment
J. Chemical industries
K. Agricultural processing industries
L. Fibers, fabrics, and rubber
M. Construction industries
N. Other industries
0. Comments on principal sources
65-Trade and Finance
CHAPTER VII-SCIENTIFIC
Section 70-Introduction
State
State
State
State
State
State (with joint assistance)
CIA (with joint assistance)
State (with joint assistance)
State
State
State (with joint assistance)
State (with the assistance of the De-
partment of Agriculture and the
Fish and Wildlife Service, Depart-
ment of the Interior)
State (with assistance of the Depart-
ment of the Interior)
Army
State (with the assistance of the De-
partment of the Interior)
Army
State
State (primary responsibility)
Army
Air Force (with Navy participation)
Navy
Army (with joint assistance)
Army (with joint assistance)
Army (with joint assistance)
Army (with joint assistance)
State
State
State
State
State
State (with joint assistance)
CIA is to produce final draft with con-
tributions from Navy and Air Force;
guidance from Army and State.
CIA to coordinate through the JEIC
the final draft based upon contribu-
tions from all intelligence agencies.
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JUNE 1951 ALLOCATIONS
CHAPTER VII-SCIENTIFIC (Continued)
72-Air, Ground, and Naval Weapons
73-Atomic Energy
74-Biological Warfare (BW)
75-Chemical Warfare (CW)
76-Miscellaneous
CHAPTER VIII-ARMED FORCES
Section 80-Introduction
81-Ground Forces
82-Naval Forces
83-Air Forces
91-Selected Maps, Charts, and Plans
A. General
B. Physical maps, navigation charts of urban
areas
C. Maps of transportation and communica-
tions
D. Sociological, political, and economic maps
E. Special armed forces maps
92-Appraisal of Selected Maps, Charts, and Plans
SUPPLEMENT I-PORTS AND NAVAL FACILITIES
SUPPLEMENT II-AIR FACILITIES
SUPPLEMENT III-TELECOMMUNICATIONS
CIA to coordinate, through SIC work-
ing committees where practicable,
the final draft with contributions
on:
Guided missiles and aircraft from
the Air Force;
Ground weapons from the Army;
Naval weapons from the Navy.
CIA to coordinate through the JAEIC
the final draft with contributions
from other intelligence agencies.
CIA to coordinate through JBWIC
and JCWIC, respectively, the final
drafts based upon contributions
from Army and from other intelli-
gence agencies.
CIA to coordinate through JBWIC
and JCWIC, respectively, the final
drafts based upon contributions
from Army and from other intelli-
gence agencies.
CIA to produce final draft based upon
contributions from other intelli-
gence agencies.
Army (with joint assistance)
Army
Navy
Air Force (with Navy participation)
CIA (as coordinating staff for mate-
rial received from Army, Navy, Air
Force, and MATS)
CIA-SECTION COORDINATOR
CIA
Army, Navy, Air Force, MATS
Army, Navy, Air Force, CIA
CIA
Army, Navy, Air Force
CIA (as coordinating staff for mate-
rial received from Army, Navy, Air
Force, and MATS)
JOINT ARMY-NAVY
AIR FORCE (with Navy participation)
ARMY
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ALLOCATIONS JUNE 1951
STATE (with assistance of the Depart-
ment of the Interior)
Section 1-Introduction
2-Marine Climate
3-Oceanography
Navy
Navy (with assistance of the Air
Force)
Navy
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Security Information
NATIONAL INTELLIGENCE SURVEY
STANDARD INSTRUCTIONS
NIS AREAS
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
Washington, D. C.
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JUNE 1951
NIS Areas
SHORT
25X&A,R
NIS 2 Ireland (Eire)
NIS 3 France
NIS 4 Netherlands
NIS 5 Belgium
NIS 6 Luxembourg
NIS 7 Denmark
NIS 8 Portugal
NIS 9 Spain
NIS 10 Norway
NIS 11 Sweden
2= 6A Finland
NIS 15 Switzerland
NIS 16 Austria
NIS 17 Italy
NIS 18 Czechoslovakia
NIS 19 Hungary
NIS 20 Albania
NIS 21 Yugoslavia
NIS 22 Rumania
NIS 23 Bulgaria
NIS 24 Greece
NIS 25 Cyprus, Malta,
Gibraltar
Republic of Ireland
France and Monaco
Netherlands
Belgium
Luxembourg
Denmark, including the Faeroe Islands.
Portugal, including the Azores, Madeira and Cape
Verde Islands.
Spain and Andorra
Norway
Sweden
Finland
Poland, within 1945 boundaries and limits of ad-
ministration, including the former Free City of
Danzig, and the portions of Germany under
Polish administration.
Switzerland and Liechtenstein
Austria
Italy, San Marino, and the Free Territory of
Trieste.
Czechoslovakia
Hungary
Albania
Yugoslavia
Rumania
Bulgaria
Greece
and Cyprus, Maltese Islands, and Gibraltar.
U.S.S.R., within 1945-1947 boundaries and limits
of administration, including the three Baltic
states, northern East Prussia, Tannu Tuva, and
the Kuril and Sakhalin Islands.
NIS Areas 1-2
NIS Area 3
NIS Areas 4-6
NIS Areas 4-6
NIS Areas 4-6
NIS Area 7
NIS Areas 8-9
NIS Areas 8-9
NIS Areas 10-11
NIS Areas 10-11
NIS Area 12
NIS Areas 15-16
NIS Areas 15-16
NIS Area 17
NIS Area 18
NIS Areas 19-21
NIS Areas 19-21
NIS Areas 10-21
NIS Areas 22-23
NIS Areas 22-23
NIS Area 24
NIS Area 25
NIS Area 26:
Part I-European U.S.S.R. within 1945-
1947 boundaries and limits of adminis-
tration, including three Baltic States,
northern East Prussia.
Part II-Soviet Central Asia.
fart III-Urals and West Siberian Plain
including Tannu Tuva.
]'art I 17-Central and Eastern Siberia in-
eluding Kuril and Sakhalin Islands.
Part V-The Caucasus, including Soviet
trans-Caucasus.
NIS 27 Turkey
NIS 28 Syria and Lebanon
NIS 29 Jordan
25X6A
Iraq
Turkey
Syria and Lebanon
Jordan, excluding Arab Palestine.
Iraq
NIS Area 27
NIS Areas 28-31
NIS Areas 28-31
NIS Areas 28-31
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NIS AREAS JUNE 1951
SHORT
TITLE
NIS 32 Arabian Peninsula Arabian Peninsula, including Saudi Arabia, Kuwait,
Kuwait-Saudi Arabia Neutral Zone, Iraq-Saudi
Arabia Neutral Zone, Bahrein, Qatar, Trucial
Oman, Muscat and Oman, Yemen, Aden Colony
and Protectorate.
East and West Pakistan (excluding Jammu and
Kashmir), and including the Oman settlement
of Gwadar.
Ceylon
Burma
China, including Hong Kong and Macao.
NIS 33
Iran
Iran
NIS Area 33
NIS 34
Afghanistan
Afghanistan
NIS Area 34
NIS 35
India
India, including Jammu and Kashmir, Nepal,
NIS Area 35:
Bhutan, and Portuguese and French territories
Part I-Northern India, including Jammu
in India, Andaman, Laccadive and Nicobar
and Kashmir, Nepal, and Bhutan, the
Islands.
Portuguese territory in northern India,
all of Pakistan and the Oman settle-
ment of Gwadar.
Part II-Peninsular India, including the
Portuguese and French territories in
Peninsular India.
NIS 37 Ceylon
NIS 38 Burma
NIS 39 China
Tunisia
Algeria
French Morocco, Spanish Morocco (northern Span-
ish zone in Morocco), Ifni, and International
Zone of Tangier.
Libya
French West Africa, Spanish Sahara (Rio de Oro,
including the southern Spanish zone in Moroc-
co), Portuguese Guinea, Gambia, Sierra Leone,
Gold Coast, British Togoland, French Togoland,
Nigeria and British Cameroons.
Part III-North China
Part I V-South China, including Taiwan,
Hong Kong, and Macao
Mongolia (Outer Mongolia or the "Mongolian
NIS Area 40 (Same as NIS Area 39,
People's Republic").
Part I)
NIS 41
Korea
Korea
NIS Area 41
NIS 42
Thailand
Thailand
NIS Area 42
NIS 43
Indochina
Indochina, the Paracel Islands, Spratley Island and
NIS Area 43
other disputed islands and reefs in South China
Sea south of Paracel Islands.
NIS 44
British Indonesia
Federation of Malaya, Singapore, Sarawak, Brunei,
25X6A
and North Borneo.
NIS 46 Tunisia
NIS 47 Algeria
NIS 48 Morocco
NIS 49 Libya
NIS 50 West Africa
NIS Area 37
NIS Area 38
NIS Area 39:
Part I-Western China and Mongolia
Part II-Manchuria
NIS Areas 46-48
NIS Areas 46-48
NIS Areas 46-48
NIS Area 49
NIS Area 50:
Part I-French West Africa except terri-
tories listed under Part II below, Span-
ish Sahara (Rio de Oro, including south-
ern. Spanish zone in Morocco), Gam-
bia, Portuguese Guinea, Sierra Leone.
Part II-The following parts of French
West Africa: Ivory Coast and Dahomy
and the following other areas: Liberia,
Gold Coast, British Togoland, French
Togoland, Nigeria and British Camer-
oons.
NIS Area 51 (Same as NIS Area 50,
Part II)
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JUNE 1951 NIS AREAS
SHORT
TITLE
NIS 53 Egypt
NIS 54 Anglo-Egyptian Sudan
NIS 55 Ethiopia, Eritrea and
the Somalilands
NIS 56 British East Africa
NIS 57 Rhodesia and Nyasa-
land
NIS 58 Mozambique
NIS 59 Angola
NIS 60 Belgian Congo
NIS 61 South Africa
NIS 62 Madagascar
NIS 63 Indian Ocean Islands
25X6A
NIS 67 Greenland
NIS 68 Iceland
2A North Polar Area
NIS 71 Guatemala
NIS 72 British Honduras
NIS 73 Honduras
NIS 74 Salvador
NIS 75 Nicaragua
NIS 77
NIS 78
Panama
Cuba
NIS 79 Haiti
NIS 80 Dominican Republic
NIS 81 British Possessions in
the Caribbean
NIS 82 Dutch Possessions in
the Caribbean
NIS 83 French Possessions in
the Caribbean
NIS 84 U.S. Possessions in the
Caribbean
French Equatorial Africa, French Cameroons,
Spanish Guinea (including Rio Muni), and Ca-
binda.
Egypt
Anglo-Egyptian Sudan
Ethiopia, Eritrea, British, French and Italian So-
maliland.
Kenya, Uganda, Tanganyika, Zanzibar Protecto-
rate.
Northern Rhodesia, Southern Rhodesia, Nyasa-
land.
Mozambique
Angola
Belgian Congo and Ruanda-Urundi.
Union of South Africa, South-West Africa, Bech=
uanaland, Swaziland and Basutoland.
Madagascar
All outlying islands in the Indian Ocean, southward
to 60? S. latitude, except islands covered in NIS
32, 35, 37, 55, 56, 62, and 100.
All outlying islands in the Atlantic Ocean between
10? N. latitude and 60? S. latitude and the South
Orkney and South Shetland Island groups, but
excluding islands covered by NIS 52.
Greenland
Iceland
North Polar Area
Guatemala
British Honduras
Honduras, including territory north of the Sego-
via River and islands possibly subject to Nicara-
guan claims.
Salvador, including small areas claimed by Hon-
duras.
Nicaragua, including territory south of the
Segovia R.
Costa Rica
Panama
Cuba
Haiti
Dominican Republic
All islands and bays under British sovereignty in
the Caribbean, and the Bahama Is. and Bermuda.
All Caribbean islands under Netherlands sovereign-
ty, including part of St. Martin I.
All Caribbean islands under French sovereignty,
including part of St. Martin I.
All Caribbean islands under U.S. sovereignty or
claim, and islands where U.S. has lease or treaty
rights.
NIS Area 53
NIS Area 54
NIS Area 55
NIS Areas 57-58
NIS Areas 59-60
NIS Areas 59-60
NIS Area 61
NIS Area 62
NIS Area 63
NIS Area 67
NIS Area 68
NIS Area 69
NIS Areas 71-77
NIS Areas 7.1-77
NIS Areas 71-77
NIS Areas 71-77
NIS Areas 71-77
NIS Areas 71-77
NIS Areas 71-77
NIS Areas 78-84:
Part I-Greater Antilles, Bermuda and
Bahama Is.
Part II-Lesser Antilles
NIS Areas 78-84
NIS Areas 78-84
NIS Areas 78-84
NIS Areas 78-84
NIS Areas 78-84
NIS Areas 78-84
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NIS AREAS JUNE 1951
SHORT
TITLE
NIS 85 Colombia Colombia NIS Areas 85-86
NIS 86 Venezuela Venezuela NIS Areas 85-86
NIS 87 Ecuador Ecuador and small area on eastern border disputed NIS Areas 87-88
with Peru.
NIS 88 Peru Peru NIS Areas 87-88
NIS 89 Chile Chile, including Pacific Islands cast of 90? W. NIS Area 89
longitude and islands south of Tierra del Fuego
disputed with Argentina.
Argentina, including river islands disputed with
Uruguay.
NIS 91
Uruguay
Uruguay
NIS Areas 90-91
NIS 92
Paraguay
Paraguay
NIS Areas 92-93
NIS 93
Bolivia
Bolivia
NIS Areas 92-93
NIS 94
Brazil
Brazil
NIS Area 94:
Part I-Southeast Brazil
Part II-Northwest Brazil
26X(6
The Guianas
NIS 99 Philippine Is. Philippine Is.
NIS 100 Indonesia Indonesia, including all of the former Netherlands
Indies and Portuguese Timor.
NIS 101 West Pacific Islands All islands in the Trust Territory of the Pacific
Islands, and the islands of Marcus and Wake.
NIS 102 Southwest Pacific Is- Papua, Trust Territory of New Guinea, British
lands Solomon Islands, New Hebrides, New Cale-
donia and dependencies, Fiji Is., Tonga Is.,
Gilbert and Ellice Is. and lesser adjacent islands,
but not including islands covered by NIS 96,
U7, and 103.
NIS 103 South Pacific Islands Phoenix, Tokelau, Samoa, Cook and Line island
groups, and adjacent islands, the French Estab-
lishments in Oceania, Pitcarin and adjacent
British island,, and Chilean islands west of 90?
W. longitude.
NIS Area 99
NIS Area 100
(Oceanography and Marine Climate)
NIS 104
Atlantic Basin
Atlantic Ocean
NIS Area 104
NIS 105
Pacific Basin
Pacific Ocean
NIS Area 105
NIS 106
Indian Basin
Indian Ocean
NIS Area 106
NIS 107
Arctic Basin
Arctic Ocean
NIS Area 107
NIS 108
Antarctic Basin
Antarctic Ocean
NIS Area 108
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 Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP79-01055A000200080001-0
Security Information
NATIONAL INTELLIGENCE SURVEY
STANDARD INSTRUCTIONS
EDITORIAL INSTRUCTIONS
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
Washington, D. C.
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JUNE 1951
EDITORIAL INSTRUCTIONS
CONTENTS
Page
A. Transmittal of material . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1. Letter of transmittal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
2. Manuscript . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
3. Graphic material . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
B. Text specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1. Typing of text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
2. Text headings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
3. References to figures and text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
4. Quotations and extract matter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
5. Sample pages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
6. Footnotes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
7. Reference to sources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
C. Tabular specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1. Tabulations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2. Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
3. Typing of tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
4. Titles and figure numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
5. Stubs and column headings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
6. Footnotes and source references . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
7. Conventional entries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
8. Statistical totals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
9. Table construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
D. Graphic specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
1. General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
2. Photographs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
3. Maps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
E. General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
1. NIS Supplement specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
2. Classification and control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
3. Treatment of names . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
4. Technical terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
5. Statistical data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
6. Return of material . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
7. Editorial style . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
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JUNE 1951
Editorial Instructions
NIS material delivered to the Basic Intelligence
Division (D/B), CIA requires a letter of transmit-
tal (original and 2 copies). The letter itemizes
the number of pages of text and table manuscript,
table of contents and other typed material sub-
mitted, and indicates any omission of material or
other deviation from standard procedure. The let-
ter specifies control aspects of material involved.
The letter of transmittal also indicates the number
of extra copies of insert maps which the contrib-
utor desires run without NIS reference lines (the
number not to exceed 10 copies of each map.except
by special arrangement), the minimum classifica-
tion for each map if run without the NIS refer-
ences, and any special restrictions concerning ad-
ditional runs and distribution by CIA for other
than NIS purposes.
2. MANUSCRIPT
NIS manuscript is submitted in 5 complete as-
sembled copies. Each of the 5 assembled sets of
manuscript includes in sequence 1) title page, 2)
table of contents, 3) text, 4) tables, 5) caption list,
and 6) list of any border information.
Pagination begins with the first page of text of
each Section and is consecutive throughout the
manuscript (including each page of the tables,
which follow the text in sequence of figure num-
bers). Pagination is by other means than a num-
bering machine, which is reserved for use in D/B
processing.
Manuscript with more than nominal alterations
is not acceptable. Text or tabular material Photo-
statted or similarly reproduced from printed or
other material must be in positive print form and
legible in approximately typewriter elite size.
The supporting items, typed triple space, are as
follows :
TITLE PAGE, containing Chapter or Supplement
number and title, Section number and title, and
the statement : "This is a preliminary draft of
Section , NIS . It has not been finally
edited or reconciled with other NIS sections and
should not be reproduced. This Section has been
approved for use in the NIS by the (agency),
(month, year). This is the uniform date for the
entire section and will appear on each page of the
published section."
TABLE OF CONTENTS for each section, including all
headings and subheads used in text according to
the style given in "Text specifications." For Sup-
plements, or when entire chapters are submitted,
a separate table of contents extending through No.
2 heads of all sections also is included. Each sec-
tion table of contents is immediately followed by
a LIST OF FIGURES which lists in sequence all figures
with the following details for each : Figure number
as determined by sequence in tentative placement,
category identification (Table, Photo, Aerial, Chart,
Diagram, Plan, Map), and the caption as it ap-
pears with the figure or in appropriate short-title
form. This LIST OF FIGURES is immediately fol-
lowed by a contributor statement, as approved by
the NIS Committee, showing the agency or agen-
cies contributing to and responsible for prepara-
tion of the material.
CAPTION LIST (required for typesetting of all cap-
tions). Figure numbers for all tables and graphics
are listed in sequence with exact wording of the
caption as attached to the figure. When appli-
cable, the list of captions is followed by a border
information list, listing in sequence each insert
map figure number with exact wording of the
border information as specified in "Graphic specifi-
cations," and indicating which maps have apron
material.
3. GRAPHIC MATERIAL
Graphic material, including photographs, is as-
sembled separately from manuscript, in 4 complete
sets with each item in sequence. The 4 copies of
each item consist of an original and 3 copies of all
black and white material, and 4 color proofs for
multicolor graphic material. The original plates
of multicolor maps are retained by contributor
until receipt of memorandum from D/B. These
originals are then forwarded as directed by D/B for
final reproduction.
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EDITORIAL INSTRUCTIONS JUNE 1951
B. Text specifications
1. TYPING OF TEXT
Text is submitted in 5 copies, typed on one side
only, with the original on substantial 8 x 121/2
bond paper. Duplicating process may be used if
submitted copies are thoroughly legible. Text is
typed triple space. All paragraphs without head-
ings begin with 5-space indent. Normal capital-
ization is used throughout (including headings),
without use of continuous capitalization or of un-
derlining except for foreign or other terms to be
italicized. The last word of a typed line is always
a complete word, avoiding ending any line with
a hyphen. Manuscript conforms to the sample
pages, with margins as shown. Each, manuscript
page, as shown, includes in top margin the name of
the agency of primary responsibility, date (manu-
script completion date, for processing control pur-
poses only), classification,. NIS number and sec-
tion number. The first page of text includes the
section number and title. Text pages are num-
bered consecutively within each section (not using
a numbering machine, which is reserved for D/B
processing).
2. TEXT HEADINGS
Headings used in NIS text material are as fol-
lows :
(Grade of head,
not typed in ms.)
II. Military Geography (Chapter title)
22. Coasts and Landing Beaches (Section title)
A. General (No. 1)
1. Coasts (No. 2)
a. Northern peninsula - Text follows ...... (No. 3)
(1) Williams Bay-Text follows ........ (No. 4)
(a) Vicinity of Port Smith-Text ..... (No. 5)
1) Seaward Approaches-Text ..... (No. 6)
Chapter and section titles are centered. No. 1
heads are typed flush with left margin of text; in-
ferior heads are successively indented 5 typewriter
spaces. No. 1 and No. 2 heads stand alone; text
begins on next line with indentation of 5 spaces and
thereafter flush left. Remaining heads each end
with space, two hyphens, space; text follows im-
mediately on same line, with succeeding lines be-
ginning flush with left text margin.
Each standard heading includes a title in ad-
dition to letter or number. Titles are as brief as
feasible. In No. 1 through No. 5 heads, common
nouns are not capitalized. No. 6 heads are initial
caps except for prepositions, articles, etc.
Headings may stand alone when immediately
followed by the next grade of head. For certain
material (as in Coasts and Landing Beaches), a
heading may be. followed on the next line or lines
by coordinates, hydrographic chart references, etc.
No. 5 and No. 6 headings may be modified when
used to introduce a series of similar subsidiary
topics (such as a series of brief descriptive para-
graphs on smaller ports).
Numbers used to itemize a series of items within
text carry a. single parenthesis, e.g., 1).
3. REFERENCES TO FIGURES AND TEXT
Figures (including both tables and graphic ma-
terial) must be adequately referred to in the re-
lated text, using figure numbers assigned by the
contributor. Reference may be integral in a sen-
tence, ". . . as shown in FIGURE 32-16 . . . ", or
parenthetical, ". . .(FIGURES 42-3 through 42-
6). . .". It is often desirable to use the reference
flexibly to differentiate types of figures, e.g.,
". . . tabulated in FIGURE 42-7 . . ." or ". .
shown on the map, FIGURE 42-8 .. .". Statements
such as ". . . in the following table . . ." or
". .. in the table above . . ." are undesirable be-
cause the relationship may not be retained in
printing. Because figure numbering is subject to
change in publication or maintenance, reference to
tables or graphic material in other sections or
chapters is by abbreviated caption, type of material
and section number in which it appears, e.g., "(see
population density map, SECTION 41) ".
Tentative placement within text of tables and
appropriate graphic items (e.g., line cuts) is in-
dicated by large carets with figure numbers on the
right margin of text pages (see sample pages).
Each figure is caretted only once. Figures expect-
ed to follow printed text, such as half-tone illus-
trations and fold-in maps, are itemized after the
last line of manuscript text.
Because subsection numbering and titles are sub-
ject to change in publication or maintenance, cross
references are made to the highest order of text
topic which will adequately indicate where the ref-
erenced material will be found. Within sections
and especially within lengthy sections, however,
references to subsections may be quite detailed if
desirable. Another section of the same chapter
is referred to by ". . . (SECTION 81, this chapter)
. . ." or ". . . (See section on Ground Forces)
. . ." Reference to a section of another chapter is
as follows: ". . . (CHAPTER III, SECTION 31) . . ."
or ". . . (See Railway) . . .
The words Chapter, Section, and Figure, when
followed by identifying number are typed in capi-
tals and lower case.
4. QUOTATIONS AND EXTRACT MATTER
Quotations up to approximately 3 typewritten
lines are included in text within quotation marks.
Longer quotations, and subordinate material like-
wise to be printed as "extract" in smaller type, are
without quotation marks, indented 5 spaces for all
lines and typed double space.
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 ARMY-January 19118
(CLASSIFICATION)
Left
Margin
14 tt
A. General
form a rather close
NIS J.
Sec-38
During the Japanese occupation telecommunication facilities in
Manchuria were rapidly expanded. New radio stations were...
Prior to 1933, telecommunication
- - - --- - -- - J
under the control of several agencies and companies licensed by the
(Chinese, Japanese, and Russian governments.
l 2. Telephone
B. Domestic facilities
a. Location of routes of lines -- Telephone land lines
pattern around Mukden, Chang-ch'un (Hsinking),
radiate to all parts of the country (Figure 38-1)..
b. Type of construction -- Construction was completed for l
underground 28-pair nonloaded telephone cable between Mukden and
38-2). In December 1942....
3. Telegraph and cable
a. Location of routes of lines -- Most of the routes are
parallel to railways and highways; lines are also built along the
Antung in 1937 (Figure
Ian
kvalleys. Practically all the major circuits and most of the other..
Bottom
Margin
14?
(page number)
(CLASSIFICATION)
_J
Top
Margin
14n
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 Top
riargin
Margin - i The offices and agencies that provided telegraph service in thel Margin
11ts lit
(CLASSIFICATION) Sec-38
Telegraph and telephone service
244
Telephone stations
232
Telegraph agencies
403
Wireless agencies
62
Total 941
b. Type of construction -- In general, construction of..
N
H
a. Radio communications stations -- From 1933 to 1945 the
Imajor radio communications stations were operated by....*
Ientirely based on captured Japanese documents, but the significant
Itotals are confirmed by U.S. official reports.
I
b. Broadcasting -- There are several of the more powerful
broadcasting stations listed in Figure 38-3.
(1) Number of installations -- The number of these
linstallations is considerably smaller than the total given by the
that, even with full allowance for the new facilities only a few have)
(short-wave transmitters. There is very little information-about ...
IL ---------------------
p.939 telegraph offices and agencies' tabulations. It is now believed(
Bottom
Margin
14 11
(page number)
(CLASSIFICATION)
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JUNE 1951 EDITORIAL INSTRUCTIONS
5. SAMPLE PAGES
The accompanying two pages are sample pages
of text manuscript for the guidance of typists.
6. FOOTNOTES
Footnotes to text matter are kept to a minimum.
When footnotes are considered necessary, up to
3 asterisks per page may be used. In manuscript
the footnote is inserted on the line following the
reference, separated from the text by solid lines
above and below; the footnote begins indented 5
spaces from left margin, and is typed double space
(see sample pages).
7. REFERENCE TO SOURCES
References to sources are confined as much as
possible to the topic Comments on Principal
Sources, where the evaluative discussion normally
will be followed by an alphabetical listing of prin-
cipal sources to which consecutive numbers are
assigned. If sources are grouped by subject cate-
gories, they are numbered consecutively rather
than by successive groups. In text, and in both
text and figure footnotes, this facilitates brief ref-
erence, e.g., ". . , based on Source 1 estimates,
. . ." or ". . . (Source 1) . . ." When only a few
principal sources are identified and are not as-
signed source numbers in the Comments subsec-
tion, text or footnote reference thereto is as brief
as feasible. A source cited in text but not included
in Comments on Principal Sources may be de-
scribed in necessary detail but as briefly as possi-
ble. Author, title of source, and date normally is
sufficient, typed in capitals and lower case set off
from text by parentheses.
In the numbered listing of principal sources,
each item is typed double space and is continuous
in the following order and typewriter style :
Author, authors, editor or agency; last name
first, capital and lower case, period. Title of book
or other separate publication; capitals and lower
case, underlined, followed within parentheses by
capitals and lower case translation if required,
period. Title of article from periodical in quotes,
capitals and lower case, comma; followed by name
of periodical, underlined, comma; edition, series,
part, volume, number, selected pages, year of peri-
odical as necessary, separated by commas in that
order, with capital only at beginning of series of
items, abbreviated as ed., ser., pt., vol., no., p.,
period. Arabic numerals used throughout except
Roman after pt. Place of publication in capitals
and lower case, followed by colon and publishing
agency if given, otherwise period. Date, period;
n.d. if not dated, period. Total pages if desired.
Classification in parentheses, capital and lower
case, without period.
When several works by the same author or
agency are listed, the author's name is not repeated
but is replaced by dashes in subsequent listings.
C. Tabular specifications
1. TABULATIONS
Relatively simple tabular presentations, gener-
ally with no stubs, less than 3 columns of data, and
not requiring more than a printed column width,
are treated as tabulations. Tabulations are incor-
porated in text manuscript without figure number
or title (see sample pages). They are typed double
space, with no continuous capitalization or under-
lining.
2. TABLES
More complex tabular presentations, generally
with stub and 3 or more vertical columns of data,
are treated as tables. Each table has a descrip-
tive title (caption) preceded by a figure number.
Each table is constructed to stand as an entity,
because of possible separation from text in publica-
tion or use.
3. TYPING OF TABLES
Each table is typed in 5 copies, on one side only,
original on substantial bond paper. Duplicating
process may be used if submitted copies are thor-
oughly checked for legibility. Tables are typed
double space, with no continuous capitals or under-
lining in caption, stubs, column headings, or data
entries. Tables are typed on 8 x 121/2 bond paper
whenever practicable. For more extensive presen-
tations, larger paper may be used, if possible re-
taining the 121/2 inch vertical dimension. Several
separate 8 x 121/2 pages may be used to continue
a table. When more than one page is used to
present a table or when there is significant relation-
ship between columns in separate tables, in typing
it is important to maintain alignment and space
relationship of columns on all pages. Each page
includes in the margin, as in text pages, the name
of the agency of primary responsibility, date, clas-
sification, NIS number and section number.
4. TABLE TITLES AND FIGURE NUMBERS
Table titles (captions) are as brief as possible
consistent with adequate indication of table con-
tent. Date or dates are included in the title un-
less table content is generalized or in itself provides
adequate date information. The area or political
name is incorporated when feasible, in adjective
form ("Value of French imports, 1945-1950") or
in noun form after substance of caption ("Land
use, France, 1950").
The figure number which precedes each table
title is comprised of the section number followed
by a hyphen and the serial number of the table in
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EDITORIAL INSTRUCTIONS JUNE 1951
the sequence of all figures (including all tables
and graphic items) within a section, according to
caretted location in the submitted manuscript.
5. TABLE STUBS AND COLUMN HEADINGS
Stubs (horizontal descriptive entries normally
to the left of vertical columns of data) and column
headings are carefully worded and coordinated.
Proper selection and description of categories min-
imizes footnotes and exceptions which require ex-
planation.
In general, the heading at the top of a column
covers all material presented in the column with-
out insertion of additional headings farther down
the column. The same applies to side heads and
lines of data. Where intermediate headings seem
necessary, the material generally is presented as
separate tables. However, related categories of
items (such as apply to various weapons) may be
usefully combined in a single table by making col-
umn headings more comprehensive and using sub-
headings in columns and/or indicating a general
change in category. Preliminary consultation
with D/B on such matters is advisable.
6. TABLE FOOTNOTES AND SOURCE REFER-
ENCES
Footnotes to tables are indicated by up to 3
asterisks and thereafter by up to 3 daggers (the
typewriter symbol # is used for a dagger). These
symbols are placed at the left of numerical column
data, and at the right of headings, stubs, mixed or
reading column data. Footnotes generally are
typed double space, under the table, starting in-
dented five spaces from left margin of table. The
number of footnotes to tables is minimized by in-
corporation of the material into related text when
feasible, by careful phrasing of stubs and headings,
by consolidation in a reduced number of footnotes,
or by consolidation in a single NOTE carried as a
footnote without symbol.
When source reference or references are con-
sidered necessary and apply for a table as a whole,
they are indicated by "Data from Source 13 . . ."
beginning at the left text margin and typed two
spaces below a line at the bottom of the table
proper. If a NOTE item is used it precedes the
conventional abbreviation n a and explanation, if
used (see conventional entries below), which in
turn precedes any symbol footnotes. An entire
table taken verbatim from a source (sometimes as
the only available data, and not necessarily fully
accepted by the contributor) , is so indicated in re-
lated text, by explanation within the table, or by
footnote; in such cases it is generally desirable, so
far as feasible, to follow the detailed format of the
original material.
7. CONVENTIONAL ENTRIES
To avoid blank spaces in columns of data, the
following conventional entries are made as ap-
propriate in table columns:
... not applicable; no footnote used
n a data not available, inadequate data, etc;
n and a separated and underlined; until
conventional is well established, explained
as "Data not available", etc., in footnote
0 indicates zero quantity or reading in col-
umns of uniform data such as weather
statistics; no footnote used
none used instead of 0 when data are not uni-
form, e.g., to indicate known lack of pro-
duction of a significant commodity;
underline; no footnote used
insig quantity too insignificant to record;
underline; no footnote used
When exceptional items in a column are esti-
mated they are preceded by est in underlined lower
case, unless symbol and footnote are preferable be-
cause of an otherwise appreciably narrower column
or exceptional items can be feasibly covered in
other footnotes.
Ditto marks are not used in tables. For this pur-
pose do in underlined lower case is used. Gener-
ally, identical entries in figure columns are re-
peated. It is likewise desirable to repeat word en-
tries which have significance.
8. STATISTICAL TOTALS
When n a or insig are included with vertical or
horizontal data entries for which a total is given
that only moderately exceeds the sum of the specific
entries, no footnote explanation may be required.
However, when the total is exactly the sum of the
specific figures, generally it is advisable to indicate
that n a or similar items are not reflected in the
total, e.g., "* Totals are of known data" or
"approx." When totals are not identical with the
sum of specific entries, because of rounding or dif-
ferent sources, indicate by note, e.g., "(Tonnage)
figures rounded to nearest (thousand) are not ad-
ditive".
9. TABLE CONSTRUCTION
Optimum clarity and usefulness require the care-
ful construction of all tables in terms of the nature
and purpose of the material and the characteris-
tics of the NIS format.
Column headings normally are typed and printed
horizontally. They may be vertical when heading
narrow columns of data or generally to facilitate
publishing a table in minimum width. Superior
or consolidating headings are centered over the
appropriate individual column headings.
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To avoid repetition of units of measurement after
items of latitude, longitude, time, distance, weight,
etc., units of measurement (abbreviated as appro-
priate) are put at the head of column, or centered
over appropriate columns. Units common to an
entire table (e.g., thousands of metric tons, or per-
centage of population) are placed in parentheses
beneath the table title.
It is desirable, so far as practicable, for a series
of tables dealing with common or closely related
topics to be expressed in a uniform order of magni-
tude of units of measurement, e.g., all in thousands
of tons or hundreds of tons.
Entries in all columns align horizontally with
top line of the corresponding stub.
Vertical columns of figures are aligned on the
decimal point, dissimilar figures are centered in
the column, and zeros precede the decimal in num-
bers of less than 1. Examples of various figure
items are :
1500
0.15
15.5 -17.0
insig
30 (daily)
Generally it is not desirable to carry a column
in which there are no entries. Use of a column
for isolated entries may be avoided by carrying the
entries in a "Remarks" column or by consolidation
in an explanatory note to the table.
Tables generally should be constructed to avoid
extensive use of full-length lines or rules between
columns and particularly between horizontal en-
tries. Lines or boxes around column headings pref-
erably are omitted by contributors unless format
is well established.
Although contributors are not required to con-
form to printing requirements when constructing
tables, general consideration of such requirements
facilitates publication of table material. A printed
NIS single-column width accommodates approxi-
mately 55 units of characters or spaces. A two-
column page width takes approximately 115 units.
A two-page spread takes approximately 230 char-
acters or spaces. Two-page spreads tend to present
page make-up problems in publication, including
separation of tables from related text. Tables
which must be viewed from the side of the page,
and extended tables on fold-in inserts, generally
are not desirable and are used only by arrangement
with D/B. In constructing tables for normal col-
umn or page-width publication, space allowance
must be made for column headings which may be
wider than figure entries in columns, and for stubs.
When it is apparent that the maximum horizontal
lines (allowing for column entries, column head-
ings, stubs, footnote symbols, and adequate space
between columns) will occupy more than the ap-
proximate number of spaces available but will not
utilize more than a nominal additional width, re-
arrangement of the table warrants consideration.
Vertical printing of heads is one device. When the
number of columns exceeds the number of stub
entries, the lay-out often may be reversed to make
a longer but narrower table. When tables present
problems not previously encountered, contributors
are requested to consult D/B before final typing.
D. Graphic specifications
1. GENERAL
All graphic materials, such as photographs,
maps, charts, graphs, and sketches, regardless of
size, are (in addition to numbered tables) desig-
nated as figures. Each figure carries a separate
figure number comprised of the section number
followed by hyphen and serial number of the figure
in the sequence of all figures within the section.
The page size of the printed NIS, including
binding and other margins, is 91/4" by 121/8". The
type is set in two 31/2" columns spaced 1/4" apart.
Figures of column width are printed 31/2" wide,
and 2-column figures are 71/4" wide. The maxi-
mum height of such figures including space for
caption is 93/4".
All graphic items larger than page size are
treated as fold-in inserts. The maximum paper
size used for NIS inserts is 231/4" V x 393/4" H. The
horizontal dimension normally includes a 91/4"
apron.
Figures are prepared to fit NIS indicated dimen-
sions. Care is required in laying out correct pro-
portions and in selecting sizes of symbols, patterns,
lines, and lettering to allow for reduction com-
mensurate with that permitted by other features
of the figure. When a specific amount of reduc-
tion is desired, it is so marked outside the border.
Otherwise, the amount of reduction will be decided
by D/B.
All charts, graphs, maps and other graphic ma-
terial to be printed with text are constructed as
black and white linecut figures of page size or less.
Photographs and other figures requiring halftone
reproduction normally will be published on coated
paper inserts of page size (excepting large pano-
ramas or mosaics which may be run as fold-in in-
serts), grouped immediately following text and
table manuscript of each section. Multicolor
graphics normally will be inserted at the end of
each section.
All figures, except insert maps, are accompanied
by captions (in lower case and normal word capital-
ization) which are carefully worded to be briefly
but adequately descriptive. The first line of the
caption carries the figure number followed by iden-
tification of the subject or brief descriptive phrase;
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succeeding lines add appropriate amplification, in-
cluding direction of view and indication of the date
(or absence thereof, by "Date unknown") of photo-
graphs. Captions are firmly attached to figures,
affixed to permit reading of the caption while view-
ing the figure but not obscuring the figure image.
Captions must be legible but need not be drafted
since all captions are set in type.
Charts or graphs do not carry titles or caption
material (as distinct from explanatory legend ma-
terial) within the figure image. In the case of a
specially constructed chart or graph, source and
date of information may be drafted within the
figure.
All insert maps carry the title, legend, source
and date of source, and other essential caption in-
formation drafted within the title box or neatline.
Border information, indicated outside the map bor-
der in non-photographic blue but not drafted be-
cause it will be set in type, is as follows : Upper left
corner-agency responsible for map content, and
date to be carried by the section as a unit; center
top-NIS Area number; upper right corner-classi-
fication; lower left corner-file number and agency
responsible for actual map construction (unless
the latter is identical with material in upper left
corner) ; center bottom-abbreviated map title;
lower right corner-figure number.
It is not necessary that all maps or photographs
be oriented with north at the top, but the position
of north is clearly indicated by means of a north
arrow, coordinates, or caption. Names, symbols,
and similar details of figures are oriented for read-
ing from the bottom of the page. In exceptions
where figures must be viewed from the side of the
page, details of the figure are oriented for reading
from the right-hand side of the page.
Printed "stick-up" is preferred for symbols and
lettering. However, Leroy lettering is permissible.
Freehand lettering and symbols are to be avoided
except in such instances as the inclusion of an ex-
istent, printed map or sketch.
It is frequently desirable for graphic material,
such as large-scale aerials of airfields, to be ac-
companied by small-scale line-cut orientation or
location maps.
2. PHOTOGRAPHS
Only clear and distinct photographs are accept-
able, and original prints are supplied insofar as
possible. Except where the original is unwieldy,
prints are supplied at the same scale as originals,
including suggested cropping to be undertaken in
D/B processing.
High-altitude aerial photographs carry a north
arrow and bar scale drafted on the face of the print.
When a photograph originally has foreign annota-
tions on the face of the photograph, the annota-
tions are retained and accompanied by translation
or explanation. Where feasible, the translation is
added to the face of the print in the form of a key
or legend; where space is not available or a key or
legend is not adequately descriptive, the transla-
tion or explanation appears in the caption or on
a separate typed sheet attached to each copy of
the print.
Instructions for selection and preparation of
photographs are set forth in NIS supplementary in-
structions.
3. MAPS
All NIS maps are carefully selected and con-
structed in terms of the purpose and subject ma-
terial of a map or plan, content and positional in-
tegration with text, suitability of color or other
differentiation, and all feasible uniformity in lay-
out, lettering, and other drafted elements.
All maps have a neatline and border, a legend
centered under the map title, a bar scale centered
beneath the legend, and the classification centered
beneath the scale. Legends clearly define all sym-
bols not self-explanatory or generally understood
from common usage. A direction indication, either
coordinates or a north arrow, is included. Maps
prepared as a series (e.g., port and town plans)
have consistent treatment throughout in type style,
zipatone patterns, title and legend layout. Non-
varying plastic (e.g., dyrite, vinylite) is preferable
for the construction of color plates, to facilitate
accurate registry in printing.
A map designed as a black and white line draw-
ing, page size or less, is preferable for many NIS
purposes because it can be printed adjacent to the
related text. When information cannot be ade-
quately presented in black and white, limited use of
one additional color for such maps is possible, upon
consultation with D/B.
A Standard Base Map for each NIS Area is pre-
pared and distributed by Geographic Division,
(D/G), CIA in the following forms : Black and
white and composite color copies on paper; compos-
ite black line and black line copies of each color
separation plate on plastic (dyrite). Specific in-
structions concerning reduction, sizes, etc., are dis-
tributed with the base map for each NIS Area.
Contributors are responsible for drafting their
own overlays, which are keyed to the base plates of
NIS Standard Base Maps.
In addition to the Standard Base Map a small-
scale Page Size Base Map is prepared for each NIS
Area. This map is available to contributors in
black-line and non-photographic blue, paper copies.
Black-line maps or color overlays are prepared by
drafting directly on these bases.
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For purposes where base maps are not applicable
(such as port plans), contributors are responsible
for compiling and constructing their own maps.
Contributors lacking necessary cartographic facili-
ties should consult D/B.
Fold-in maps are printed with a page-size apron,
to permit full view of the map as the text is read.
This apron can be used for printing information
additional to that contained in the legend, such
as lists of installations or regions. Such informa-
tion is submitted on a separate typewritten sheet,
a copy of which is attached to each copy of the
map. Printed material is not carried on the back
of a map.
1. NIS SUPPLEMENT SPECIFICATIONS
Preparation of text and graphic material for
NIS Supplements generally conforms to the indi-
cated procedures for other NIS material, with such
modifications as are developed to meet the require-
ments of the Supplements.
2. CLASSIFICATION AND CONTROL
NIS textual material is classified independently
by section. All pages of each section uniformly
carry the highest classification of material in the
section. All material, however, carries at least
a RESTRICTED classification. Tables of contents,
caption lists, all tables, and all graphics intended
to be printed within text, carry the uniform section
classification and are so stamped when submitted.
Insert maps or other insert graphic items (includ-
ing photographs) are not governed by the over-all
classification, but are individually classified as ap-
propriate.
The agency of primary responsibility is required
to indicate any control aspects of submitted ma-
terial.
All Comments on Principal Sources for all NIS
are controlled for "U.S. Officials Only". Each page
of that portion of manuscript is so stamped, top
and bottom. The control for Comments on Prin-
cipal Sources as such does not govern for related
NIS material and need not be specified in the letter
of transmittal.
controlled for
Certain other
NIS Areas, as approved and specifically listed by
the NIS Committee, are restricted by control for
"U.S. Officials Only". All NIS material relating
to such Areas, regardless of the content of the ma-
terial, is correspondingly controlled. Each page of
manuscript and each unit of graphic material is
appropriately stamped, top and bottom. All such
material delivered to D/B carries a cover sheet
specifying control, and the control requirements
also are indicated in the letter of transmittal.
When any element or portions of NIS material
(other than Comments on Principal Sources) are
controlled for reasons other than the approved con-
trol character of the Area, the entire section in-
volved is controlled. Each page of manuscript and
each unit of graphic material is appropriately
stamped, top and bottom. All such material de-
livered to D./B carries a cover sheet specifying con-
trol, and the nature of and occasion for the con-
trol requirements are indicated in the letter of
transmittal.
3. TREATMENT OF NAMES
Geographic names used in the NIS are those
approved by the United States Board on Geo-
graphic Names (BGN). Preliminary gazetteers
are issued to contributors for use in the preparation
of text and graphic materials. Pending publica-
tion of a pertinent gazetteer, or in the case of
names not covered by a published gazetteer, lists
of names are submitted according to NIS supple-
mentary instructions.
English conventional names are used insofar as
they are approved by BGN. The approved native
name is added in parentheses the first time the
conventional name is used in a section, and there-
after as desirable for clarity. It is desirable to use
the native name in parentheses after the conven-
tional name on maps whenever practicable.
Approved native names are used where conven-
tional English names are not provided. Transla-
tion of generic parts of native names (except when
the meaning is apparent) is given, in parentheses
or in running text if feasible, the first time a ge-
neric appears in any segment of text. As a reader
aid, English generics may be interspersed in text.
All terms referring to man-made features, such
as Small Boat Harbor, are in English. Military
regions or other regions arbitrarily designated for
convenience in presentation are in English and
are not required to be identical with BGN approved
versions.
Consistency in the use of the conventional or
the native name for the same feature is maintained
throughout each chapter.
In lists of towns and cities, coordinates are given
for each of two or more places having identical
names.
4. TECHNICAL TERMINOLOGY
When scientific names are appropriately used in
the interest of accuracy, if possible they are pre-
ceded by a common name or common name ge-
neric; e.g., the colon bacillus (Escherichia coli),
malaria mosquitoes (Anopheles maculipennis, A.
NIS Areas, as approved and specifically
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hyracanus). The scientific names are enclosed in
parentheses and marked for italics in every case.
In a paragraph discussing malaria mosquitoes,
however, italicized scientific names may be used
without a preceding common name or generic.
Scientific family names (names ending in -idae, as
Stomatidae) are capitalized but not italicized.
Special-use terms, such as names of military
regions, are capitalized (e.g., the Kazakh Hill
Country) to clearly maintain identity.
5. STATISTICAL DATA
Statistical data normally are expressed either
in U.S. units of measure or in the metric system,
and are consistent within a section or the largest
NIS unit feasible, except to conform with common
usage, as in discussing 75 mm and 3" guns. All
contributions, should clearly indicate what system
is used, in tables as well as text. When different
measurement systems unavoidably appear together
in text (e.g., statute and, nautical miles) they must
be clearly differentiated. In the case of areas
where available maps or charts use varying meas-
urement systems, the text is expressed in U.S.
units with metric conversion following in parenthe-
ses, and accompanying maps using extensive
metric annotations in their original form carry a
conversion table. Both U.S. and other measure-
ments may be given, as in the case of a table, when
contributing to utility.
Measurements are expressed in terms consistent
with the inherent or required degree of accuracy,
(e.g., 2,340 miles of coast, 16' 61/4" bridge clear-
ance). Conversions are exact when appropriate;
a rounded original figure is not converted into an
inconsistently exact figure; rounded conversions
may be used with a modifying "about" or "approxi-
mate". Units of measurement with varying mean-
ings are clearly defined, e.g., statute miles or nau-
tical miles, short tons or long tons. Both quan-
tity and value may be given when useful for indi-
cating relative importance. In financial data,
conversion factors with date are included.
6. RETURN OF MATERIAL
Detailed procedures governing the return of sub-
mitted material are established in NIS supple-
mentary instructions.
7. EDITORIAL STYLE
Development of style for all forms of NIS content
is a continuing and coordinated result of contribu-
tor and D /B processing of the various types of ma-
terial. For all matters of style not so developed,
and not indicated by specific D/B instructions, the
current Government Printing Office Style Manual
governs.
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Security Information
NATIONAL INTELLIGENCE SURVEY
STANDARD INSTRUCTIONS
CHAPTER VII
SCIENTIFIC
Section 70 Introduction
Section 71 Electronics
Section 72 Air, Ground, and Naval Weapons
Section 73 Atomic Energy
Section 74 Biological Warfare (BW)
Section 75 Chemical Warfare (CW)
Section 76 Miscellaneous
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
Washington, D. C.
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JUNE 1951
Chapter VII - Scientific
OUTLINE
A.
Development and evaluation of scien-
B.
Aircraft and aircraft armament
1. General
2. Airframes
B.
tific effort
1. General structure of the scientific
effort
2. Current trends
3. Evaluation
Organization for research
C.
3. Aircraft propulsion
4. Aircraft ordnance
5. Other aircraft equipment
6. Personalities
Guided missiles
1. General
C.
1. Governmental organization
2. Armed forces
3. Academies and higher educational
institutions
4. Privately-owned research organiza-
tions
Education, training and procurement
2. Guidance and control
3. Propulsion
4. Aerodynamics and structure
5. Warheads and fuzing
6. Organization for research and de-
velopment
7. Installations
D.
of scientific personnel
Appropriations
D.
8. Personalities
Antiaircraft weapons and equipment
E.
1. Public and private funds allotted
for research and development
2. Prizes, awards, and scholarships
Comments on principal sources
1. General
2. Guns and ammunition
3. Unguided rockets
4. Fire control equipment
A.
General
E.
5. Personalities
Ground weapons and equipment
1. General
2. Combat vehicles
B.
Radio communications
3. General purpose vehicles
C.
Communications equipment other
4. Artillery
D.
than radio
Navigation aids
5. Infantry weapons
6. Mines and mine clearance equip-
E.
Radar
ment
F.
Infrared
7. Stream crossing equipment
8. Special arctic equipment
G.
Acoustics
9. Other
H.
Vacuum tubes
10. Personalities
I.
Components and special devices
F.
Naval weapons
J.
Electronic countermeasures
1. General
K.
Personalities
2. Hull designs
L.
Comments on principal sources
3. Ship propulsion
SECTION 72.
Air, Ground, and Naval Weapons
4. Underwater ordnance
5. Surface ordnance
G.
6. Personalities
Comments on principal sources
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CHAPTER VII JUNE 1951
A. General
B. Organization
C. Appropriations
D. Scientific training program
E. Personalities
F. Research facilities
G. Supporting industrial f irms
H. Sources and production of basic
materials
I. Production of reactive materials
J. Applications
K. Comments on principal sources
SECTION 74. BIOLOGICAL WARFARE (BW)
A. General
B. Capabilities, organization and poli-
cies for research and development
C. Research, development and field
testing
D. Installations
E. Personalities
F. Comments on principal sources
SECTION 75. CHEMICAL WARFARE (CW)
A. General
B. Capabilities, organization and poli-
cies for research and development
C. Research, development and field
testing
D. Installations
E. Personalities
F. Comments on principal sources
IAL
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JUNE 1951 SCIENTIFIC
OUTLINE GUIDE
The following outline guide indicates substance and general arrangement.
In preparation and typing of manuscript, D/B Editorial Instructions are
to be followed in detail.
The following is intended to serve as a general
instruction for the production of CHAPTER VII.
Relevant features contained herein, modified to
conform with the area being covered, shall be in-
cluded with the finished CHAPTER VII to serve as a
guide for the reader.
CHAPTER VII (Scientific) is devoted to the rela-
tively permanent and fundamental aspects of
scientific research and development in the subject
area. Material contained in the chapter should be
adequate to provide key scientific intelligence an-
alysts with a basis for preparing estimates for such
bodies as the National Security Council, the Re-
search and Development Board, the Joint Chiefs of
Staff, and the National Security Resources Board,
and for departmental planning components.
Since science enters strongly into present-day
military planning connected with the national
security, CHAPTER VII places emphasis on the mili-
tary aspect of scientific research and development.
It is recognized, however, that much of the advance
in military technology generates from non-military
laboratories and that the entire scientific base of a
country contributes to a certain extent to the mili-
tary potential of the country. CHAPTER VII there-
fore should also cover subjects which have no
direct military application but which are of sig-
nificance.
The particular area covered by CHAPTER VII, of
course, influences the volume and scope of the tex-
tual presentation. For example, treatment con-
cerning the U.S.S.R. is only complete when full
coverage is provided for salient contributions of
U.S.S.R. satellite nations.
A clearer understanding of the purpose of CHAP-
TER VII is provided by consideration of its relation-
ship with certain other chapters of the over-all NIS
presentation. Generally speaking, CHAPTER VII
covers scientific research and development through
the prototype stage of materiel, whereas CHAPTER
VI (ECONOMIC) deals with the manufacture of ma-
teriel and CHAPTER VIII (ARMED FORCES) with the
quality, quantity, and characteristics thereof.
CHAPTER IV (SOCIOLOGICAL) deals with the educa-
tional system as a whole and with the educational
level of the population whereas CHAPTER VII deals
with educational institutions and learned societies
which are engaging in scientific research. Since it
is recognized that essentially all aspects of atomic
energy and biological warfare, including the manu-
facture and capabilities thereof, fall within the field
of scientific intelligence, all such aspects should be
respectively treated in SECTIONS 73 (ATOMIC EN-
ERGY) and 74 (BIOLOGICAL WARFARE) and no aspect
is treated in CHAPTER VI or CHAPTER VIII. Manu-
facture of chemical warfare material is, however,
treated in CHAPTER VI and the quality, quantity,
and characteristics of such materiel in CHAPTER
VIII.
Because the over-all field of scientific research
and development is not static, the line of demarca-
tion between basic and current scientific intelli-
gence is not always clear cut. This line may be
particularly hazy in the subjects of research and
development programs as such programs, if han-
dled with normal efficiency and force, are likely,
in their progress, to generate from day to day new
facts of interest. It is the intent that CHAPTER VII
provide comprehensive coverage of significant re-
search and development programs. However, that
coverage should be limited to the origin, objectives,
history, general progress and an indication of basic
trends (avoid estimates and opinions which should
be reserved for other types of intelligence produc-
tion) of the programs as of the time of writing.
Also, it must be recognized that the inclusion of a
mass of ephemeral, as opposed to fundamental,
details may require too frequent revision of the
chapter and may tend to confuse or even mislead
the reader. In view of the foregoing, good judg-
ment must be exercised to determine which details
are to be included and which are to be excluded.
As a matter of fact, however, the very nature of
scientific research and development is such as al-
most uniformly to require protection of them by
the most nearly impervious counter-intelligence
screen that the country in which they are being
conducted is able to erect. Hence, the amount of
detail concerning them is more likely to be little
than great. Therefore, in the preparation of the
text frequent acute problems of selectivity are not
anticipated and, in any event, it is desired to err on
the side of including too many details rather than
too few.
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CHAPTER VII JUNE 1951
Section 70. Introduction
A. Development and evaluation of scientific
effort
1. GENERAL STRUCTURE OF THE SCIEN-
TIFIC EFFORT
Cover the history and tradition of scientific re-
search and development in the subject area. Refer
to the position of science and show clearly the gov-
ernmental attitude toward scientific research. In-
clude references to social and economic positions
enjoyed by scientists in the subject area. Evalu-
ate briefly scientific scholarship. (Individuals
should be covered in appropriate Section.)
2. CURRENT TRENDS
State the field or fields of endeavor in which
notably outstanding work is done, or is likely to
be done. Outline capabilities and potentialities
of converting research and development in case of
war. Give outstanding contributions to scientific
theory and to applied research (reference other sec-
tions of this Chapter).
3. EVALUATION
Present an evaluation of scientific scholarship
and the levels of achievement in pure and applied
science. Cover the various factors and aspects of
the scientific effort in terms of their strengthening
or weakening this effort. Include considerations
relating to scientific organization, political control,
scientific philosophy, technical resources, etc.
B. Organization for research
Provide identification of the main organizations
and types of organizations; their interrelationship
and coordination; whether planned or spontaneous.
Present the relative significance of each organiza-
tion or group of organizations of a given type. In-
dicate how research projects originate and are sus-
tained. Refer to cooperation and the dissemina-
tion of ideas. Cover planning.
1. GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATION
Cover the structure for controlling, supervising,
or advising scientific research and development
outside the Armed Forces.
2. ARMED FORCES
Describe research organizations within the
Armed Forces and research organizations con-
trolled or supervised by or for the Armed Forces.
3. ACADEMIES AND HIGHER EDUCATIONAL
INSTITUTIONS
Describe organizations that are actively engaged
in participating or fostering research, with signifi-
cance and relation to the governmental organiza-
tion. (Mention only higher educational establish-
ments which have outstanding reputations in
scientific fields.) Cover briefly outstanding types
of research accomplishment. There should be ex-
tensive cross-referencing to CHAPTER IV, where the
basic education system is covered. Close coordi-
nation should be established with the Department
of State, which is the agency responsible for
CHAPTER IV.
4. PRIVATELY-OWNED RESEARCH ORGANI-
ZATIONS
Describe industrial organizations engaged in re-
search, the type, caliber and significance of this
research. Cover the relationship with government
organization, if evident. Include foreign affilia-
tions, if any. There should be extensive cross-
referencing to CHAPTER VI and close liaison estab-
lished with the Department of State.
C. Education, training and procurement of
scientific personnel
Discuss the training of scientists, particularly in
the higher schools and in postgraduate work.
Make an attempt to evaluate academic standards.
D. Appropriations
1. PUBLIC AND PRIVATE FUNDS ALLOTTED
FOR RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Refer to public and private funds allotted for re-
search and development, indicating how funds are
allotted among various fields, organizations, and/or
scientists.
2. PRIZES, AWARDS, AND SCHOLARSHIPS
Cover prizes, awards and scholarships for
scientific research and development.
E. Comments on principal sources
This Subsection is to serve the following pur-
poses:
1) To provide an evaluation of the principal
source material used in preparing the Section and
thereby inform the user of the general credibility
to be accorded the intelligence contained in the
Section.
2) To indicate those aspects of the subject about
which information is deficient or unavailable and
thereby provide collectors of information with col-
lection targets. In this connection, the principal
sources (not necessarily all sources) actually used
should be indicated.
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Section 71. Electronics
A. General
Contains a brief discussion of the capabilities of
the subject nation in electronic research and de-
velopment. If sufficiently outstanding, mention
may be made of governmental support of research
or training of electronic personnel. Aid, such as
Lend-Lease, ECA support, or outright sale of elec-
tronic equipment or information, that has been
supplied from other countries will be mentioned.
The outstanding research laboratories and develop-
mental establishments should be discussed briefly.
B. Radio communications
Contains a general discussion concerning the
types of equipment being developed, its modernity,
indications of the development of unusual types of
radio apparatus, and the adequacy of the equip-
ment supplied. A general discussion of the prob-
able tactical application of radio communications
may be included, but a detailed list of specific
equipment is not desired.
C. Communications equipment other than
radio
Contains a general discussion concerning the
types of equipment being developed, its modernity,
indications of the development of unusual types of
communications apparatus in this category, and
the adequacy of the equipment supplied.
D. Navigation aids
Contains a general discussion of the types of
electronic navigational aids being developed by the
subject nation, such as radar, radio beacons, di-
rection-finding stations, etc.
E. Radar
Contains a general discussion of the important
types of radar and radar recognition (IFF) equip-
ment being developed by the subject nation.
F. Infrared
Contains a general discussion of the important
infrared development under way in the subject
nation.
G. Acoustics
Contains a general discussion of the important
types of underwater sound devices with mention
of other acoustic developments of significance.
H. Vacuum tubes
Contains a discussion of the capabilities of the
subject nation in the design of all types of vacuum
tubes. Mention should be made of the character-
istics of any special types that are being developed,
and of unusual applications of those developments.
1. Components and special devices
Briefly discuss the various types of components,
special electronic devices, and laboratory equip-
ment not covered by the preceding paragraphs.
J. Electronic countermeasures
Contains a brief discussion of ECM techniques
which have been devised by the subject nation, to-
gether with a description of the important equip-
ments planned to implement those techniques.
An important part of this Subsection is the assess-
ment, whenever possible, of the susceptibility of
the nation's electronic devices to countermeasures.
K. Personalities
Provide a listing, with specialties and other per-
tinent information, of the outstanding personali-
ties in the program.
L. Comments on principal sources
This Subsection is to serve the following pur-
poses:
1) To provide an evaluation of the principal
source material used in preparing the Section and
thereby inform the user of the general credibility
to be accorded the intelligence contained in the
Section.
2) To indicate those aspects of the subject about
which information is deficient or unavailable and
thereby provide collectors of information with col-
lection targets. In this connection, the principal
sources (not necessarily all sources) actually used
should be indicated.
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Section 72. Air, Ground, and Naval Weapons
A. General
Summarize the over-all capabilities of the sub-
ject country on research and development in regard
to air, ground and naval weapons and other ma-
teriel referred to throughout this Section. When
so desired in the preparation of this Subsection, it
may be broken down into further divisions to
specifically refer to individual items such as guided
missiles, naval weapons, etc. The summary shall
include an indication of the principal conclusions
reached.
B. Aircraft and aircraft armament
1. GENERAL
Evaluate the over-all research and development
capabilities of the subject country in the field of
aircraft and aircraft armament, and summarize
the principal conclusions.
a. ORGANIZATION FOR RESEARCH AND DEVELOP-
MENT - A general picture is desired of military
and civilian organizations which supervise, advise,
control, or conduct significant research and de-
velopment of airframes.
b. INSTALLATIONS - Describe briefly airframe
research development and test facilities and indi-
cate their effect on research and development capa-
bilities.
c. BASIC TRENDS - Discuss basic research and
development trends in design aspects of military
and civilian aircraft types; avoid reference to
specific items currently under development and
limit the discussion to continuing basic projects.
Follow the guide outlined in Subsection B, 2
above; include design aspects of reciprocating, jet,
turboprop, and rocket power plants.
Follow the guide outlined in Subsection B, 2
above; include aircraft machine guns, cannon,
rockets, bombs, bombsights, etc.
5. OTHER AIRCRAFT EQUIPMENT
Follow the guide outlined in Subsection B, 2
above; include such equipment as pressurization,
oxygen and ejection systems, etc.
6. PERSONALITIES
Include brief biographic data on key personnel
which provide insight into research and develop-
ment capabilities. (Cross-reference personnel con-
cerned with any other of the subjects covered by
this Section.)
C. Guided missiles
Evaluate the over-all research and development
capabilities of the subject country in the field of
guided missiles, and summarize the principal con-
clusions.
2. GUIDANCE AND CONTROL
Discuss research and development trends in
guidance and control; in general, limit the discus-
sion to continuing projects, but refer to specific
items currently under development where indica-
tive of trends.
3. PROPULSION
Follow the guide outlined in Subsection C, 2
above.
4. AERODYNAMICS AND STRUCTURE
Follow the guide outlined in Subsection C, 2
above.
Follow the guide outlined in Subsection C, 2
above.
6. ORGANIZATION FOR RESEARCH AND DE-
VELOPMENT
A general picture is desired of military and
civilian organizations which supervise, advise, con-
trol, or conduct significant research and develop-
ment.
Describe briefly research, development, test fa-
cilities, and proving grounds and indicate their
effect on the missile program.
8. PERSONALITIES
Include brief biographic data on key personnel
which provide insight into research and develop-
ment capabilities. (Cross-reference personnel con-
cerned with any other of the subjects covered by
this Section.)
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D. Antiaircraft weapons and equipment
1. GENERAL
Evaluate the over-all research and development
capabilities of the subject country in surface
launched antiaircraft weapons (excluding guided
missiles), and summarize the principal conclusions.
a. ORGANIZATION FOR RESEARCH AND DEVELOP-
MENT - A general picture is desired of military and
civilian organizations which supervise, advise, con-
trol, or conduct significant research and develop-
ment pertaining to guns and ammunition, includ-
ing fuzing.
b. INSTALLATIONS - Describe briefly research,
development and test facilities and indicate their
effect on research and development capabilities.
c. BASIC TRENDS - Discuss basic research and
development trends in design aspects of antiair-
craft gun and ammunition types; avoid reference
to specific items currently under development and
limit the discussion to continuing basic projects.
Follow the guide outlined in Subsection D, 2
above; include design aspects of unguided rockets
and associated equipment of the "Taifun" types.
b. INSTALLATIONS - Describe briefly combat
vehicle development and test facilities and indicate
their effect on research and development capa-
bilities.
c. BASIC TRENDS - Discuss basic research and
development trends in design aspects of combat
vehicles; avoid reference to specific items currently
under development and limit the discussion to con-
tinuing basic projects.
3. GENERAL PURPOSE VEHICLES
Follow the guide outlined in Subsection E, 2
above; include design aspects of unique develop-
ment relative to power plants, transmission and
traction devices.
4. ARTILLERY
Follow the guide outlined in Subsection E, 2
above, including field, antitanks, howitzers, ground
support rockets, and mortars together with as-
sociated fire control equipment and ammunition,
but excluding antiaircraft weapons covered in Sub-
section D above.
5. INFANTRY WEAPONS
Follow the guide outlined in Subsection E, 2
above, including small arms, machine guns, anti-
tank rifles, grenades, bazookas, etc., and associ-
ated ammunition.
4. FIRE CONTROL EQUIPMENT
Follow the guide outlined in Subsection D, 2
above; include design factors relative to unique
electronic and mechanical antiaircraft fire control
systems and associated equipment.
Include brief biographic data on key personnel
which provide insight into research and develop-
ment capabilities. (Cross-reference personnel con-
cerned with any other of the subjects covered by
this Section.)
E. Ground weapons and equipment
1. GENERAL
Evaluate the over-all research and development
capabilities of the subject country in the field of
ground weapons and equipment and summarize
the principal conclusions.
a. ORGANIZATION FOR RESEARCH AND DEVELOP-
MENT - A general picture is desired of military and
civilian organizations which supervise, advise, con-
trol, or conduct significant research and develop-
ment of combat vehicles, including self-propelled
guns.
6. MINES AND MINE CLEARANCE EQUIP-
MENT
Follow the guide outlined in Subsection E, 2
above, including mines and associated fuzes, actu-
ating and control devices, as well as detection and
clearing equipment.
7. STREAM CROSSING EQUIPMENT
Follow the guide outlined in Subsection E, 2
above, including bridging in general as well as
assault boats and other associated equipment.
8. SPECIAL ARCTIC EQUIPMENT
Follow the guide outlined in Subsection E, 2
above, including shelter, clothing, rations, vehicles,
fuels and lubricants and other unique special
equipment or materiel.
9. OTHER
Follow the guide outlined for Subsection E, 2
above, in discussing any other ground weapons or
equipment.
10. PERSONALITIES
Include brief biographic data on key personnel
which provide insight into research and develop-
ment capabilities. (Cross-reference personnel con-
cerned with any other of the subjects covered by
this Section.)
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F. Naval weapons
1. GENERAL
Evaluate the over-all research and development
capabilities of the subject country in the field of
naval weapons and equipment and summarize the
principal conclusions.
2. HULL DESIGNS
a. ORGANIZATION FOR RESEARCH AND DEVELOP-
MENT - A general picture is desired of naval and
civilian organizations which supervise, advise, con-
trol, or conduct significant research and develop-
ment of ship hull designs.
b. INSTALLATIONS - Describe briefly hull de-
sign research, development and test facilities and
indicate their effect on research and development
capabilities.
c. BASIC TRENDS - Discuss basic research and
development trends in design aspects of naval ves-
sels; avoid reference to specific items currently un-
der development and limit the discussion to con-
tinuing basic projects.
3. SHIP PROPULSION
Follow the guide outlined in Subsection F, 2
above; include design aspects of turbine, jet and
closed-cycle power plants.
4. UNDERWATER ORDNANCE
Follow the guide outlined in Subsection F, 2
above; include such weapons as mines, torpedoes,
depth charges, ahead-thrown weapons, water-
penetrating rockets and their launchers, fire con-
trol systems, etc.
5. SURFACE ORDNANCE
Follow the guide outlined in Subsection F, 2
above; include anti-surface vessel offensive weap-
ons and associated fire control and target desig-
nation systems.
6. PERSONALITIES
Include brief biographic data on key personnel
which provide insight into research and develop-
ment capabilities. (Cross-reference personnel con-
cerned with any other of subjects covered by this
Section.)
G. Comments on principal sources
This Subsection is to serve the following pur-
poses :
1) To provide an evaluation of the principal
source material used in preparing the Section and
thereby inform the user of the general credibility
to be accorded the intelligence contained in the
Section.
2) To indicate those aspects of the subject about
which information is deficient or unavailable and
thereby provide collectors of information with col-
lection targets. In this connection, the principal
sources (not necessarily all sources) actually used
should be indicated.
Section 73. Atomic Energy
A brief summary of the over-all capabilities in
the field of atomic energy.
D. Scientific training program
A summary of government and privately-spon-
sored programs designed to increase the numbers
of technically-trained personnel in this field.
B. Organization
Details of governmental organizations for the
control of atomic energy activities including the
names of people in important positions.
C. Appropriations
A summary of appropriations for atomic energy
research, development and production, laboratory
maintenance, construction or expansion.
E. Personalities
A listing with specialties and other pertinent in-
formation, of the outstanding personalities in the
program.
F. Research facilities
Descriptions of principal facilities, government
and private, engaged in research and development
in the field of atomic energy, discussing the physi-
cal size, the organization, equipment available, and
usual types of research undertaken.
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G. Supporting industrial firms
Industrial firms capable of, or known to be, fur-
nishing major support to an atomic energy project,
but not covered under H or I.
J. Applications
Estimate of capabilities for various applications,
apparent and/or announced, of the atomic energy
program, such as weapons, power, isotopes for
medical research, or basic research.
H. Sources and production of basic materials
Location of mines and processing plants and
description of processes involved from raw mate-
rial to end product for such essential materials as
uranium, thorium, heavy water, beryllium, pure
graphite, pure calcium, magnesium, lithium, etc.
1. Production of reactive materials
Plants and equipment actually engaged in the
production of reactive materials on other than a
laboratory scale including description of processes
and equipment and total production.
K. Comments on principal sources
This Subsection is to serve the following pur-
poses :
1) To provide an evaluation of the principal
source material used in preparing the Section and
thereby inform the user of the general credibility
to be accorded the intelligence contained in the
Section.
2) To indicate those aspects of the subject about
which information is deficient or unavailable and
thereby provide collectors of information with col-
lection targets. In this connection, the principal
sources (not necessarily all sources) actually used
should be indicated.
Section 74. Biological Warfare (B W )
A. General
Summarize the following topics : the over-all
capabilities of the subject country in the BW field;
the general historical background of its BW ac-
tivities; the attitude of the government and people
toward the development of this program; the gen-
eral organization and control of BW activities and
the priority established in relation to other scien-
tific programs; and the general plans and prepa-
rations for future use of and defense against BW.
This brief statement or summary should reflect the
conclusions reached by the following subsections,
including the industrial potential of the country to
produce agents and materiel for warfare.
B. Capabilities, organization and policies for
research and development
The purpose of this Subsection is to assess the
capacity and effectiveness of the directional and
supervisory forces existing in the country, as well
as to show the extent of the current scientific and
technical effort bearing on BW, and the feasibility
of conversion to a military effort in case of total
war. This topic should cover an organizational
outline or summary of the interrelationships of the
following : top-level government administration;
research institutes and applied research labora-
tories under direct governmental control; field-
testing stations; and non-governmental activities,
including university and industrial laboratories
wherein pure and applied research may be deemed
to support the governmental BW program. (De-
tails listing facilities and personnel of specific in-
stallations to be discussed in Subsections D and E.)
Give the current capabilities of the subject na-
tion in respect to BW research and development;
the policies of that government governing the con-
trol, development and exploitation of BW and
funds allocated for basic and applied BW research
and development.
C. Research, development and field testing
This Subsection is directed toward research and
development of BW agents; new material and tech-
niques for dissemination; and new materials or
techniques for detection, identification and pro-
tection. (Lists of installations and personalities
should be given in Subsections D and E.) It is
suggested that the subject matter be treated as
follows :
1) Discuss the research program on develop-
mental BW agents and list those that have been
studied or tested.
2) Discuss pilot stage of developing BW agents
and any evidence of full scale production, stock-
piling, field testing and standardization of materiels
so produced.
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CHAPTER VII JUNE 1951
3) Discuss raw materials, new developments in
processes, requirements for special materials and
equipment for the production of BW agents and
materiel. This Subsection might also well include
any known plans for the production of such mate-
rials that may be presumed to be under considera-
tion. Critical shortages of these, or recognized in-
ability to produce, should be pointed out.
4) Discuss research and development programs
directed toward the production of new and im-
proved materials, techniques and equipment for
defensive BW, e.g., detection (materiel and tech-
niques) ; impermeable clothing or impregnated fab-
rics; filters; paper for filters; charcoal and other
absorbents; masks; shelters; decontaminants; pro-
phylactics (immunization, etc.); treatment of man,
animal or plant victims (antibiotics, drugs, anti-
dotes, isolation, killing or destruction, etc.). (Ref-
erences can be made to appropriate medical and
public health sections of the NIS for details.)
5) Present similar information as in Subsection
C, 4) concerning research and development on
types of equipment and methods for the dissemina-
tion of BW agents and field testing of any equip-
ment produced through pilot plant operation, e.g.,
such as : generation or dispersal by explosive
charges, special propellants and aerosol bombs; dis-
persal of liquids and solid masses by nozzels and
other devices; and simplified methods of dissemina-
tion, special munitions, etc.
6) Present studies leading to more adequate as-
sessment of the relative effects or requirements in
combat or strategic bombing of a) BW vs. HE and
others, and b) the different BW disseminating
methods or munitions under specific micro-
meteorological and climatological conditions. Any
meteorological studies specifically directed toward
BW should be included.
D. Installations
Give exact locations, descriptions, and brief state-
ment of activities of known and suspected BW re-
search installations and pilot plants; plants for
production of BW agents; and munitions still in
development and testing installations and areas.
Available information on special equipment and
other facilities of these installations should be de-
scribed also.
E. Personalities
Give the full names, positions and brief biogra-
phies (include accomplishments) of the principal
personalities (scientists and administrators) in-
volved in BW research and development.
F. Comments on principal sources
This Subsection is to serve the following pur-
poses :
1) To provide an evaluation of the principal
source material used in preparing the Section and
thereby inform the user of the general credibility
to be accorded the intelligence contained in the
Section.
2) To indicate those aspects of the subject about
which information is deficient or unavailable and
thereby provide collectors of information with col-
lection targets. In this connection, the principal
sources (not necessarily all sources) actually used
should be indicated.
Section 75. Chemical Warfare (CW)
A. General
Summarize the following topics: the over-all
capabilities of the subject country in the CW field;
the general historical background of its CW activi-
ties; the attitude of the government and people
toward the development of this program; the gen-
eral organization and control of CW activities and
the priority established in relation to other scien-
tific programs; and the general plans and prepara-
tions for future use of and defense against CW.
This brief statement or summary should reflect the
conclusions reached by the following subsections,
including the industrial potential of the country to
produce agents and materiel for warfare. (The
details of chemical industries, etc., are given in
CHAPTER VI.)
B. Capabilities, organization and policies for
research and development
The purpose of this Subsection is to assess the
capacity and effectiveness of the directional and
supervisory forces existing in the country, as well
as to show the extent of the current scientific and
technical effort bearing on CW, and the feasibility
of conversion to a military effort in case of total
war.
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This topic should cover an organizational outline
or summary of the interrelationships of the follow-
ing : top-level government administration; re-
search institutes and applied research laboratories
under direct governmental control; field-testing
stations; and non-governmental activities, includ-
ing university and industrial laboratories wherein
pure and applied research may be deemed to sup-
port the governmental CW program. (Details list-
ing facilities and personnel of specific installations
to be discussed in Subsections D and E.)
Give the current capabilities of the subject na-
tion in respect to CW research and development;
the policies of that government governing the con-
trol, development, and exploitation of CW and
funds allocated for basic and applied CW research
and development.
C. Research, development and field testing
This Subsection is directed toward research and
development of new CW agents, smokes, incendi-
aries, flame warfare materials; new materials or
techniques for dissemination; and new materials or
techniques for detection, identification and protec-
tion. (Lists of installations and personalities
should be given in Subsections D and E.) It is
suggested that the subject matter be treated as
follows :
1) Discuss the research program on new or de-
velopmental CW agents and list those that have
been studied or tested. (New CW agents shall be
understood as those not to have been developed
beyond the pilot plant stage, or those for which full
schedule production has not been established on a
firm basis as, for example, the German nerve gases,
in the case of intelligence pertaining to the
U.S.S.R.)
2) Discuss pilot stage of developing new CW
agents and any evidence of full scale production,
stockpiling, field testing and standardization of
materials so produced.
3) Discuss raw materials, new developments in
process, requirements for special alloys, materials
and equipment for the production of new CW
agents and materiel. This Subsection might also
well include any known plans for the production
of such materials that may be presumed to be un-
der consideration. Critical shortages of these, or
recognized inability to produce, should be pointed
out.
4) Discuss research and development of flame
warfare materials, incendiaries and smokes (fuels
and materiel).
5) Discuss research and development programs
directed toward the production of new and im-
proved materials, techniques and equipment for
defensive CW, e.g., detection (materiel and tech-
niques) ; impermeable clothing or impregnated
fabrics; filters; paper for filters; charcoal and other
absorbents; masks; shelters; decontaminants;
treatment of casualties (ointments, antidote, etc.).
6) Present similar information as in subsec-
tion C, 5 concerning research and development
on new types of equipment and methods for the
dissemination of CW agents and field testing of
any equipment produced through pilot plant oper-
ation, e.g., such items as generation or dispersal by
explosive charges, special propellants, aerosol
bombs, and special heat generators; dispersal of
liquids and solid masses by nozzles and other
devices; and simplified methods of dissemination,
special munitions, etc.
7) Present studies leading to more adequate
assessment of the relative effects or requirements
in combat or strategic bombing of a) CW vs. HE
and others, and b) the different CW disseminating
methods or munitions under specific micrometeoro-
logical and climatological conditions. Any mete-
orological studies specifically directed toward CW
should be included.
D. Installations
Give exact locations, descriptions, and brief
statement of-activities of known and suspected CW
research installations and pilot plants; plants for
production of CW agents and munitions still in
development; and testing installations and areas.
Available information on special equipment and
other facilities of these installations should be de-
scribed also.
E. Personalities
Give the full names, positions and brief biogra-
phies (include accomplishments) of the principal
personalities (scientists and administrators) in-
volved in CW research and development.
F. Comments on principal sources
This Subsection is to serve the following pur-
poses :
1) To provide an evaluation of the principal
source material used in preparing the Section and
thereby inform the user of the general credibility
to be accorded the intelligence contained in the
Section.
2) To indicate those aspects of the subject about
which information is deficient or unavailable and
thereby provide collectors of information with col-
lection targets. In this connection, the principal
sources (not necessarily all sources) actually used
should be indicated.
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Section 76. Miscellaneous
As a general over-all requirement for each Area,
all phases of relatively permanent and fundamen-
tal aspects of scientific research and development,
through the prototype stage, which are not other-
wise covered in the NIS text, but which have poten-
tial military significance must be considered for
inclusion within this Section. Final determina-
tion as to whether or not certain subjects will be
discussed shall depend upon their importance
within the particular area and the availability of
production manpower.
PAGE VII-12
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