NATIONAL INTELLIGENCE SURVEY STANDARD INSTRUCTIONS NATURE, PURPOSE, AND SCOPE OF THE NIS PROGRAM

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP79-01055A000200050001-3
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: C
• Document Page Count: 74
• Document Creation Date: November 9, 2016
• Document Release Date: June 12, 1998
• Sequence Number: 1
• Content Type: NIS

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NATURE, PURPOSE, AND SCOPE
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NATIONAL INTELLIGENCE SURVEY
STANDARD INSTRUCTIONS
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JUNE 1951
Nature, Purpose, and Scope of the NIS Program
Authority for the NIS Program
The National Intelligence Survey (NIS) Pro-
gram was established pursuant to National Secu-
rity Council Intelligence Directive No. 3, 13 Janu-
ary 1948. This directive provides that :
An outline of all basic intelligence required
by the Government shall be prepared by the Cen-
tral Intelligence Agency (CIA) in collaboration
with other appropriate agencies.
This outline shall be broken down into
chapters, sections, and subsections which shall be
allocated as production and maintenance respon-
sibilities to CIA and those other Government agen-
cies best qualified by reason of their intelligence
requirements, production capabilities, and domi-
nant interest to assume these responsibilities.
This basic intelligence shall be compiled and
continuously maintained in National Intelligence
Survey to cover foreign countries, areas, or broad
special subjects, as appropriate.
The NIS shall be disseminated in such form
as may be determined by the Director of Central
Intelligence (DCI) and the agencies concerned.
The DCI shall be responsible for coordinat-
ing the production and maintenance and for ac-
complishing the editing, publication, and dissemi-
nation of the NIS and shall make such requests
on the agencies as are necessary for the proper
development and maintenance of the NIS.
Departments or agencies to be called on
for contributions to this undertaking may include
agencies other than those represented permanently
in the Intelligence Advisory Committee (IAC).
Basic Concepts of the NIS Program
The NIS is a concise digest of basic intelli-
gence required by the Department of Defense for
strategic planning and high level operational plan-
ning, and by the Department of State for use in
formulating and executing U.S. foreign policy. It
also serves other Government agencies which re-
quire it for the accomplishment of their missions.
In general, the intelligence contained in NIS is
concerned with the relatively permanent features
and fundamental characteristics of a country, area,
or broad special subject, and covers such fields as
the geographical, political, economic, military,
scientific, and sociological aspects of the country
or area or the fundamental aspects of the broad
special subject.
The NIS Program has two phases : 1) the initial
production of NIS on countries or areas in accord-
ance with JCS priorities and Intelligence Agency
capabilities and 2) the continuous maintenance
of such NIS.
The objective of the first phase is to pro-
duce integrated basic intelligence studies of all
pertinent aspects of the countries or areas within
the limits of available information and intelligence
on countries or areas.
The objective of the second phase is to keep
up to date the basic intelligence contained in
the published NIS, to fill gaps in this intelligence,
and to improve the presentation of material in NIS
originally produced. It is the responsibility of
agencies having dominant interest to place each
NIS element actively on a maintenance basis as
soon as the element has been initially produced.
This phase of the program is to continue indefi-
nitely. Revisions will be published as required.
Both phases of the NIS Program require an
over-all collection effort covering all important
foreign countries and areas of the world simul-
taneously.
If information is available to undertake an
NIS of lower priority than one on which ade-
quate material is not available, the NIS of lower
priority will be produced and will not be held in
abeyance pending the availability of material for
the NIS of higher priority.
While the aim of the collection effort will
be to enable the production of complete and re-
liable published NIS, it must be recognized that
the production and maintenance program requires
information in greater detail than the intelligence
which appears in the published NIS.
New information will be continuously processed
so that the intelligence on hand will be constantly
up to date and ready for use.
The NIS Program must be flexible in order
to meet the basic intelligence requirements of the
Joint Chiefs of Staff. To this end it may be neces-
sary to produce and disseminate separate chapters
or sections of any NIS.
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NATURE, PURPOSE, AND SCOPE
Standard Instructions for NIS
The Standard Instructions for National Intelli-
gence Surveys contain outlines of basic intelligence
requirements, allocations of responsibility for pro-
duction, and instructions for the production of this
intelligence. These Standard Instructions were
prepared by a joint committee of representatives
of the Director of Central Intelligence and the
Chiefs of Intelligence Agencies of the Departments
of State, the Army, the Navy, and the Air Force;
were concurred in by the Intelligence Advisory
Committee; and were approved by the National
Security Council.
The outlines and outline guides are so drafted
as to cover all the basic intelligence aspects of the
most complex foreign country or area. However,
the appropriate treatment of any topic included in
the outlines and outline guides is determined by
the sense in which and the extent to which that
topic applies to the particular country or area
under consideration. Thus, the outlines and out-
line guides should be adapted to the country or
area on which the NIS is being produced.
The Standard Instructions prescribe the basic
procedures to be followed in producing and main-
taining all NIS. They cannot, however, cover all
contingencies. Hence, when cogent reasons exist,
the instructions may be modified or supplemented
to permit appropriate treatment of any topic.
Content of an NIS
An NIS is divided into chapters, each of
which treats a major functional aspect of the coun-
try or area under consideration. These chapters
are divided into sections, each of which treats a
major subdivision of the field covered by the chap-
ter. The section is so designed as to permit it to
serve as the basic unit of production and mainte-
nance and so enhance the flexibility of the NIS
Program. The NIS chapters are as follows:
Chapter
I
Brief
Chapter
II
Military Geography
Chapter
III
Transportation and Telecommunica-
tions
Chapter
IV
Sociological
Chapter
V
Political
Chapter
VI
Economic
Chapter
VII
Scientific
Chapter
VIII
Armed Forces
Chapter
IX
Map and Chart Appraisal
Certain
topics involving numerous details
are given general treatment in appropriate sections
of NIS chapters and full treatment in supplements.
Supplements are prepared only if the topic in ques-
tion is sufficiently important in an NIS Area to
warrant this detailed treatment. There are, at
present, the following five supplements:
NIS Supplement No. I Ports and Naval Facilities
NIS Supplement No. II Air Facilities
NIS Supplement No. III Telecommunications
NIS Supplement No. IV Urban Areas
NIS Supplement No. V Petroleum
The Special NIS on Marine Climate and
Oceanography divides the world sea areas into
ocean basins. These ocean basins are further sub-
divided into Parts, each of which is comparable to
a chapter in the other NIS. The production unit
is a Part, each of which will consist of three sec-
tions. Ocean basins are designated as follows:
NIS 104
Atlantic Basin
12 Parts
NIS 105
Pacific Basin
12 Parts
NIS 106
Indian Basin
4 Parts
NIS 107
Arctic Basin
1 Part
NIS 108
Antarctic Basin
1 Part
A gazetteer will be published
Area.
The geographic areas covered by the NIS,
are generally defined by political boundaries. In
CHAPTERS II (Military Geography), however, areas
are determined in terms of natural geographic
units.
In some instances, it is desirable to define
the geographic area in terms of natural boundaries.
For example, since the Iberian Peninsula, includ-
ing the approaches into the Pyrenees from France,
forms a natural geographic concept, it should be
considered geographically as a whole. Thus, the
geographic treatment of this area would serve as
CHAPTER II for both NIS Portugal and NIS Spain.
Conversely, the area included within politi-
cal boundaries may be so extensive as to embrace
several natural geographic units. Examples of
such areas are the U.S.S.R. and China. CHAPTERS
II for these areas would consist of several Parts,
each treating a natural geographic unit.
In addition, it will be necessary to transcend
political boundaries in many instances in order
to obtain comprehensive treatment of certain
functional aspects, such as transportation and
ports and naval facilities; and such procedure
should be followed wherever necessary.
The scope of each chapter, supplement, and
Special NIS is outlined in detail under the Outline
Guides in this volume. Chapter and section out-
line guides in general include initial comments
relative to content of the unit as a whole which are
not repeated with but are pertinent to the detailed
outlines for individual sections and subsections.
The following standard definitions apply explicitly
to CHAPTERS II-IX and by implication to CHAP-
TER I:
a) The first section of each chapter is uni-
formly entitled Introduction. This section is not
a summary of the basic intelligence contained in
the remainder of the chapter or an explanation of
the organization of the chapter. Rather, it pre-
sents an analysis of the basic intelligence contained
in the chapter. It also presents general aspects
which cannot be treated adequately elsewhere in
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JUNE 1951 NATURE, PURPOSE, AND SCOPE
the chapter. For example, the organization and
functions of the high command are covered in SEC-
TION 80 (Introduction to CHAPTER VIII, Armed
Forces) because this topic cannot be adequately
treated in the subsequent sections of CHAPTER VIII.
The chapter outline guides indicate the nature and
scope of the treatment to be accorded the Intro-
duction of each chapter.
b) The first subsection of each section is
uniformly entitled General. This subsection is
provided to permit a proper approach to the treat-
ment of material contained in the remainder of
the section.
c) The last subsection of most sections is
uniformly entitled Comments on Principal
Sources. This subsection is to serve the following
purposes :
To provide an evaluation of the principal source mate-
rial used in preparing the section and thereby in-
form the user of the general credibility to be ac-
corded the intelligence contained in the section.
To indicate those aspects of the subject about which
information is deficient or unavailable and thereby
provide collectors of information with collection
targets. In this connection, the principal sources
(not necessarily all sources) actually used should
be indicated.
Summary of agency functions
1. GENERAL
Where one agency is responsible for a sec-
tion of a chapter or a subsection of a section which
is being coordinated by another agency, working
level liaison shall be maintained. All communica-
tions of a policy or requirements nature to the
agency preparing the section or subsection will be
passed through intelligence command channels.
In all instances working level coordination
among agencies concerned will include the follow-
ing :
Exchange, where applicable, of drafts of completed
draft sections in order to resolve inconsistencies
among sections and detect gaps in over-all cover-
age.
Informal coordination in compiling specific subsec-
tions which are assigned as the responsibility of
one agency but impinge upon the field of interest
of another.
2. NIS COMMITTEE
The NIS Committee consists of represent-
atives of the Director of Central Intelligence and
the Chiefs of the Intelligence Agencies of the De-
partments of State, the Army, the Navy, and the
Air Force. The representative of the Director of
Central Intelligence is ex officio chairman of the
committee. It also includes an advisory member
from the Joint Staff who shall be thoroughly
familiar with the basic intelligence requirements
of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS), keep the JCS
informed of the progress of the NIS Program, and
keep the NIS Committee informed of changes in
the JCS requirements.
The NIS Committee performs the following
functions :
Considers and recommends for Intelligence
Agency approval over-all policies for the NIS Pro-
gram.
Determines the scope and treatment of each NIS
to be produced.
Allocates responsibility for production and main-
tenance of NIS in accordance with the intelligence
requirements, production capabilities, and domi-
nant interest of the Intelligence Agencies con-
cerned.
Establishes NIS production and maintenance
schedules based upon JCS priorities and agency
capabilities.
Promulgates procedures and instructions for the
preparation, review, editing, and submission of NIS
contributions.
Recommends to CIA measures necessary for the
coordination of the NIS Program.
3. CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
The Central Intelligence Agency performs the
following functions:
Provides over-all coordination of the NIS Pro-
gram.
Produces those elements of NIS allocated to it for
production by the NIS Committee.
Furnishes certain common services which can
best be done centrally.
Edits NIS contributions, provides advisory sub-
stantive review, and arranges for the publication
of NIS.
Disseminates NIS in accordance with Intelligence
Agency agreements.
4. IAC AGENCIES
The IAC Agencies (State, Army, Navy, and Air
Force) perform the following functions:
Provide a member and alternate members
of the NIS Committee. This member repre-
sents, and speaks for, the Chief of the Intelligence
Agency of the Department from which he is ac-
credited.
Produce and maintain the NIS elements which
have been allocated by the NIS Committee
as production responsibilities.
Implement collection effort which may be re-
quired for NIS production and maintenance.
5. NON-IAC AGENCIES
The non-IAC Agencies perform the following
functions:
Produce and maintain portions of NIS when
explicitly assigned that responsibility by the
NIS Committee or by an Intelligence Agency with
the approval of that Committee.
Furnish Intelligence Agencies with material
for integration into NIS by those agencies.
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Security Information
NATIONAL INTELLIGENCE SURVEY
STANDARD INSTRUCTIONS
ALLOCATION OF RESPONSIBILITY FOR
PREPARATION OF NIS
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
Washington, D. C.
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JUNE 1951
Allocation of Responsibility for Preparation of NIS
Neither the following allocations nor any interpretation thereof shall negate
the basic principle that each department is responsible for the production
of that intelligence which is responsive to its departmental mission.
Section 10-Introduction
11-Strategic Significance of the NIS Area
12-Military Geography
13-Transportation and Telecommunications
14-Sociological
15-Political
16-Economic
17-Scientific
18-Armed Forces
19-Map and Chart Appraisal
Section 20-Introduction
21-Military Geographic Regions
22-Coasts and Landing Beaches
23-Weather and Climate
24-Topography
25-Urban Areas
Section 30-Introduction
31-Railway
32-Highway
33-Inland Waterway
34-Petroleum Pipeline (treated in Sub-
section 62, C and Supplement V)
35-Ports and Naval Facilities
36-Merchant Marine
37-Civil Air
38-Telecommunications
Section 40-Introduction
41-Population
42-Characteristics of the People
43-Religion, Education, and Public Information
44-Manpower
45-Health and Sanitation
46-Public Welfare
CIA
CIA (with joint assistance)
Army (with joint assistance)
Army (with joint assistance)
State (with joint assistance)
State
State (with joint assistance)
CIA (with joint assistance)
Army (with joint assistance)
CIA (with joint assistance)
Army (with joint assistance)
Army
Navy (with Army assistance)
Joint Meteorological Committee
Army
Army
Army (with joint assistance)
Army
Army
Army
Joint Army-Navy
Navy
Air Force (with Navy participation)
Army
State
State (with Army assistance)
State
State
State
Army
State
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mwaldmu~ ALLOCATIONS JUNE 1951
Section 50-Introduction
51-The Constitutional System
52-Structure of the Government
53-Political Dynamics
54-Public Order and Safety
55-National Policies
56-Intelligence and Security
57--Subversive
58-Propaganda
59-Biographies of Key Personalities
Section 60-Introduction
61-Agriculture and Food
D. Electric power
63-Minerals and Metals
64-Manufacturing and Construction
A. General
B. Industrial machinery and equipment
C. Motor vehicles (including tanks, self-pro-
pelled guns, etc.)
D. Aircraft production
E. Shipbuilding
F. Explosives, industrial and military
G. Guns, explosive devices, and ammunition
H. Other military equipment and supplies
(including war gases and smoke prep-
arations)
I. Telecommunications, signal and lighting
equipment
J. Chemical industries
K. Agricultural processing industries
L. Fibers, fabrics, and rubber
M. Construction industries
N. Other industries
0. Comments on principal sources
65-Trade and Finance
CHAPTER VII-SCIENTIFIC
Section 70-Introduction
State
State
State
State
State
State (with joint assistance)
CIA (with joint assistance)
State (with joint assistance)
State
State
State (with joint assistance)
State (with the assistance of the De-
partment of Agriculture and the
Fish and Wildlife Service, Depart-
ment of the Interior)
State (with assistance of the Depart-
ment of the Interior)
Army
State (with the assistance of the De-
partment of the Interior)
Army
State
State (primary responsibility)
Army
Air Force (with Navy participation)
Navy
Army (with joint assistance)
Army (with joint assistance)
Army (with joint assistance)
Army (with joint assistance)
State
State
State
State
State
State (with joint assistance)
CIA is to produce final draft with con-
tributions from Navy and Air Force;
guidance from Army and State.
CIA to coordinate through the JEIC
the final draft based upon contribu-
tions from all intelligence agencies.
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JUNE 1951 ALLOCATIONS
CHAPTER VII-SCIENTIFIC (Continued)
72-Air, Ground, and Naval Weapons
73-Atomic Energy
74-Biological Warfare (BW)
75-Chemical Warfare (CW)
76--Miscellaneous
CHAPTER VIII-ARMED FORCES
Section 80-Introduction
81-Ground Forces
82-Naval Forces
83-Air Forces
91-Selected Maps, Charts, and Plans
A. General
B. Physical maps, navigation charts of urban
areas
C. Maps of transportation and communica-
tions
D. Sociological, political, and economic maps
E. Special armed forces maps
92-Appraisal of Selected Maps, Charts, and Plans
SUPPLEMENT I-PORTS AND NAVAL FACILITIES
SUPPLEMENT II-AIR FACILITIES
SUPPLEMENT III-TELECOMMUNICATIONS
CIA to coordinate, through SIC work-
ing committees where practicable,
the final draft with contributions
on:
Guided missiles and aircraft from
the Air Force;
Ground weapons from the Army;
Naval weapons from the Navy.
CIA to coordinate through the JAEIC
the final draft with contributions
from other intelligence agencies.
CIA to coordinate through JBWIC
and JCWIC, respectively, the final
drafts based upon contributions
from Army and from other intelli-
gence agencies.
CIA to coordinate through JBWIC
and JCWIC, respectively, the final
drafts based upon contributions
from Army and from other intelli-
gence agencies.
CIA to produce final draft based upon
contributions from other intelli-
gence agencies.
Army (with joint assistance)
Army
Navy
Air Force (with Navy participation)
CIA (as coordinating staff for mate-
rial received from Army, Navy, Air
Force, and MATS)
CIA-SECTION COORDINATOR
CIA
Army, Navy, Air Force, MATS
Army, Navy, Air Force, CIA
CIA
Army, Navy, Air Force
CIA (as coordinating staff for mate-
rial received from Army, Navy, Air
Force, and MATS)
JOINT ARMY-NAVY
AIR FORCE (with Navy participation)
ARMY
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ALLOCATIONS JUNE 1951
STATE (with assistance of the Depart-
ment of the Interior)
Section 1-Introduction
2-Marine Climate
3-Oceanography
Navy
Navy (with assistance of the Air
Force)
Navy
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Security Information
NATIONAL INTELLIGENCE SURVEY
STANDARD INSTRUCTIONS
NIS AREAS
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
Washington, D. C.
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JUNE 1951 r''"!
NIS Areas
SHORT TITLE GENERAL NIS AREA GEOGRAPHIC AREA FOR CHAPTER II
25XE I I
NIS 2 Ireland (Eire)
NIS 3 France
NIS 4 Netherlands
NIS 5 Belgium
NIS 6 Luxembourg
NIS 7 Denmark
NIS 8 Portugal
NIS 0 Spain
NIS 10 Norway
NIS 11 Sweden
25614 Finland
NIS 15 Switzerland
NIS 16 Austria
NIS 17 Italy
NIS 18 Czechoslovakia
NIS 19 Hungary
NIS 20 Albania
NIS 21 Yugoslavia
NIS 22 Rumania
NIS 23 Bulgaria
NIS 24 Greece
NIS 25 Cyprus, Malta,
Gibraltar
NIS 27 Turkey
NIS 28 Syria and Lebanon
NIS 29 Jordan
Iraq
Republic of Ireland
France and Monaco
Netherlands
Belgium
Luxembourg
Denmark, including the Faeroe Islands.
Portugal, including the Azores, Madeira and Cape
Verde Islands.
Spain and Andorra
Norway
Sweden
Finland
Poland, within 1945 boundaries and limits of ad-
ministration, including the former Free City of
Danzig, and the portions of Germany under
Polish administration.
Switzerland and Liechtenstein
Austria
Italy, San Marino, and the Free Territory of
Trieste.
Czechoslovakia
Hungary
Albania
Yugoslavia
Rumania
Bulgaria
Greece
and Cyprus, Maltese Islands, and Gibraltar.
U.S.S.R., within 1045-1947 boundaries and limits
of administration, including the three Baltic
states, northern East Prussia, Tannu Tuva, and
the Kuril and Sakhalin Islands.
Turkey
Syria and Lebanon
Jordan, excluding Arab Palestine.
Ira
NIS Areas 1-2
NIS Area 3
NIS Areas 4-6
NIS Areas 4-6
NIS Areas 4-6
NIS Area 7
NIS Areas 8-9
NIS Areas 8-9
NIS Areas 10-11
NIS Areas 10-11
NIS Area 12
NIS Areas 15-16
NIS Areas 15-16
NIS Area 17
NIS Area 18
NIS Areas 19-21
NIS Areas 19-21
NIS Areas 10-21
NIS Areas 22-23
NIS Areas 22-23
NIS Area 24
NIS Area 25
NIS Area 26:
Part I-European U.S.S.R. within 1945-
1947 boundaries and limits of adminis-
tration, including three Baltic States,
northern East Prussia.
Part II-Soviet Central Asia.
Part III-Urals and West Siberian Plain
including Tannu Tuva.
Part I V-Central and Eastern Siberia in-
cluding Kuril and Sakhalin Islands.
Part V-The Caucasus, including Soviet
trans-Caucasus.
NIS Area 27
NIS Areas 28-31
NIS Areas 28-31
NIS Areas 28-31
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NIS A R E,,A S JUNE 1951
SHORT
TITLE
Kuwait-Saudi Arabia Neutral Zone, Iraq-Saudi
Arabia Neutral Zone, Bahrein, Qatar, Trucial
Oman, Muscat and Oman, Yemen, Aden Colony
and Protectorate.
East and West Pakistan (excluding Jammu and
Kashmir), and including the Oman settlement
of Gwadar.
Ceylon
Burma
China, including Hong Kong and Macao.
NIS 33
Iran
Iran
NIS Area 33
NIS 34
Afghanistan
Afghanistan
NIS Area 34
NIS 35
India
India, including Jammu and Kashmir, Nepal,
NIS Area 35:
Bhutan, and Portuguese and French territories
Part I-Northern India, including Jammu
in India, Andaman, Laccadive and Nicobar
and Kashmir, Nepal, and Bhutan, the
Islands.
Portuguese territory in northern India,
all of Pakistan and the Oman settle-
ment of Gwadar.
Part II-Peninsular India, including the
Portuguese and French territories in
Peninsular India.
NIS 37 Ceylon
NIS 38 Burma
NIS 39 China
NIS 41 Korea
NIS 42 Thailand
NIS 43 Indochina
2644 British Indonesia
NIS 46 Tunisia
NIS 47 Algeria
NIS 48 Morocco
NIS 49 Libya
NIS 50 West Africa
Mongolia (Outer Mongolia or the "Mongolian
People's Republic").
Korea
Thailand
Indochina, the Paracel Islands, Spratley Island and
other disputed islands and reefs in South China
Sea south of Paracel Islands.
Federation of Malaya, Singapore, Sarawak, Brunei,
and North Borneo.
Tunisia
Algeria
French Morocco, Spanish Morocco (northern Span-
ish zone in Morocco). Ifni, and International
Zone of Tangier.
Libya
French West Africa, Spanish Sahara (Rio de Oro,
including the southern Spanish zone in Moroc-
co), Portuguese Guinea, Gambia, Sierra Leone,
Gold Coast, British Togoland, French Togoland,
Nigeria and British Cameroons.
NIS Area 37
NIS Area 38
NIS Area 39:
Part I-Western China and Mongolia
Part II-Manchuria
Part III--North China
Part IV-South China, including Taiwan,
Hong Kong, and Macao
NIS Area 40 (Same as NIS Area 39,
Part I)
NIS Area 41
NIS Area 42
NIS Area 43
NIS Areas 46-48
NIS Areas 46-48
NIS Areas 46-48
NIS Area 49
NIS Area 50:
Part I-French West Africa except terri-
tories listed under Part II below, Span-
ish Sahara (Rio de Oro, including south-
ern Spanish zone in Morocco), Gam-
bia, Portuguese Guinea, Sierra Leone.
Part II-The following parts of French
West Africa: Ivory Coast and Dahomy
and the following other areas: Liberia,
Gold Coast, British Togoland, French
Togoland, Nigeria and British Camer-
eons.
NIS Area 51 (Same as NIS Area 50,
Part II )
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JUNE 1951 NIS AREAS
SHORT
TITLE
French Equatorial Africa, French Cameroon-,, XIS Area 52
Spanish Guinea (including Rio Muni), and Ca-
binda.
NIS 53 Egypt Egypt NIS Area 53
NIS 54 Anglo-Egyptian Sudan Anglo-Egyptian Sudan NIS Area 54
NIS 55 Ethiopia, Eritrea and Ethiopia, Eritrea, British, French and Italian So- NIS Area 55
the Somalilands maliland.
NIS 56 British East Africa Kenya, Uganda, Tanganyika, Zanzibar Protecto- NIS Area 56
rate.
NIS 57 Rhodesia and Nyasa- Northern Rhodesia, Southern Rhodesia, Nyasa- NIS Areas 57-58
land land.
NIS 58 Mozambique Mozambique NIS Areas 57-58
NIS 59 Angola Angola NIS Areas 59-60
NIS 60 Belgian Congo Belgian Congo and Ruanda-Urundi. NIS Areas 59-60
NIS 61 South Africa Union of South Africa, South-West Africa, Bech- NIS Area 61
uanaland, Swaziland and Basutoland.
NIS 62 Madagascar Madagascar
NIS 63 Indian Ocean Islands All outlying islands in the Indian Ocean, southward NIS Area 63
to 60? S. latitude, except islands covered in NIS
32, 35, 37, 55, 56, 62, and 100.
All outlying islands in the Atlantic Ocean between NIS Area 64
10? N. latitude and 60? S. latitude and the South
Orkney and South Shetland Island groups, but
25rX(3'A Alaska
excluding islands covered by NIS 52.
Alaska
NIS 67 Greenland
NIS 68 Iceland
2 )(6A
North Polar Area
NIS 71 Guatemala
NIS 72 British Honduras
NIS 73 Honduras
NIS 76 Costa Rica
NIS 77 Panama
NIS 78 Cuba
NIS 79 Haiti
NIS 80 Dominican Republic
NIS 81 British Possessions in
the Caribbean
NIS 82 Dutch Possessions in
the Caribbean
NIS 83 French Possessions in
the Caribbean
NIS 84 U.S. Possessions in the
Caribbean
Greenland
Iceland
North Polar Area
Guatemala
British Honduras
Honduras, including territory north of the Sego-
via River and islands possibly subject to Nicara-
guan claims.
Salvador, including small areas claimed by Iion-
duras.
Nicaragua, including territory south of the
Segovia R.
Costa Rica
Panama
Cuba
Haiti
Dominican Republic
All islands and bays under British sovereignty in
the Caribbean, and the Bahama Is. and Bermuda.
All Caribbean islands under Netherlands sovereign-
ty, including part of St. Martin I.
All Caribbean islands under French sovereignty,
including part of St. Martin I.
All Caribbean islands under U.S. sovereignty or
claim, and islands where U.S. has lease or treaty
rights.
NIS Area 67
NIS Area 68
NIS Area 69
NIS Areas 71-77
NIS Areas 71-77
NIS Areas 71-77
NIS Areas 71-77
NIS Areas 71-77
XIS Areas 71-77
NIS Areas 71-77
NIS Areas 78-84:
fart I-Greater Antilles, Bermuda and
Bahama Is.
Part II -Lesser Antilles
NIS Areas 78-84
NIS Areas 78-84
NIS Areas 78-84
NIS Areas 78-84
NIS Areas 78-84
NIS Areas 78-84
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NIS AREAS JUNE 1951
SHORT
TITLE
NIS 85 Colombia Colombia NIS Areas 85-86
NIS 86 Venezuela Venezuela NIS Areas 85-86
NIS 87 Ecuador Ecuador and small area on eastern border disputed NIS Areas 87-88
with Peru.
NIS 88 Peru Peru NIS Areas 87-88
NIS 89 Chile Chile, including Pacific Islands east of 90? W. NIS Area 89
longitude and islands south of Tierra del Fuego
disputed with Argentina.
Argentina, including river islands disputed with
Uruguay.
NIS 91 Uruguay Uruguay NIS Areas 90-91
NIS 92 Paraguay Paraguay NIS Areas 92-93
NIS 93 Bolivia Bolivia NIS Areas 92-93
NIS 94 Brazil Brazil NIS Area 94:
Part I-Southeast Brazil
Part II-Northwest Brazil
28X6A The Guianas The Guianas (British, French, Dutch)
NIS 98 Hawaiian Islands Hawaiian Islands, including Johnston I. but ex-
cluding islands in NIS 103.
NIS 99 Philippine Is. Philippine Is. NIS Area 99
NIS 100 Indonesia Indonesia, including all of the former Netherlands NIS Area 100
Indies and Portuguese Timor.
NIS 101 West Pacific Islands All islands in the Trust Territory of the Pacific
Islands, and the islands of Marcus and Wake.
NIS 102 Southwest Pacific Is- Papua, Trust Territory of New Guinea, British
lands Solomon Islands, New Hebrides, New Cale-
donia and dependencies, Fiji Is., Tonga Is.,
Gilbert and Ellice Is. and lesser adjacent islands,
but not including islands covered by NIS 96,
97, and 103.
NIS 103 South Pacific Islands Phoenix, Tokelau, Samoa, Cook and Line island
groups, and adjacent islands, the French Estab-
lishments in Oceania, Pitcarin and adjacent
British islands, and Chilean islands west of 90?
W. longitude.
(Oceanography and Marine Climate)
NIS 104
Atlantic Basin
Atlantic Ocean
NIS Area 104
NIS 105
Pacific Basin
Pacific Ocean
NIS Area 105
NIS 106
Indian Basin
Indian Ocean
NIS Area 106
NIS 107
Arctic Basin
Arctic Ocean
NIS Area 107
NIS 108
Antarctic Basin
Antarctic Ocean
NIS Area 108
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 25X6A
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 Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP79-01055A000200050001-3
Security Information
NATIONAL INTELLIGENCE SURVEY
STANDARD INSTRUCTIONS
EDITORIAL INSTRUCTIONS
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
Washington, D. C.
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 Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP79-01055A000200050001-3
JUNE 1951 anwomwesuppPIMP
EDITORIAL INSTRUCTIONS
CONTENTS
Page
A. Transmittal of material . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1. Letter of transmittal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
2. Manuscript . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
3. Graphic material . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
B. Text specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1. Typing of text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
2. Text headings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
3. References to figures and text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
4. Quotations and extract matter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
5. Sample pages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
6. Footnotes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
7. Reference to sources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
C. Tabular specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1. Tabulations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2. Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
3. Typing of tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
4. Titles and figure numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
5. Stubs and column headings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
6. Footnotes and source references . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
7. Conventional entries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
8. Statistical totals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
9. Table construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
D. Graphic specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
1. General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
2. Photographs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
3. Maps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
E. General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
1. NIS Supplement specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
2. Classification and control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
3. Treatment of names . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
4. Technical terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
5. Statistical data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
6. Return of material . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
7. Editorial style . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
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 Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP79-01055A000200050001-3
JUNE 1951
Editorial Instructions
NIS material delivered to the Basic Intelligence
Division (D/B), CIA requires a letter of transmit-
tal (original and 2 copies). The letter itemizes
the number of pages of text and table manuscript,
table of contents and other typed material sub-
mitted, and indicates any omission of material or
other deviation from standard procedure. The let-
ter specifies control aspects of material involved.
The letter of transmittal also indicates the number
of extra copies of insert maps which the contrib-
utor desires run without NIS reference lines (the
number not to exceed 10 copies of each map except
by special arrangement), the minimum classifica-
tion for each map if run without the NIS refer-
ences, and any special restrictions concerning ad-
ditional runs and distribution by CIA for other
than NIS purposes.
2. MANUSCRIPT
NIS manuscript is submitted in 5 complete as-
sembled copies. Each of the 5 assembled sets of
manuscript includes in sequence 1) title page, 2)
table of contents, 3) text, 4) tables, 5) caption list,
and 6) list of any border information.
Pagination begins with the first page of text of
each Section and is consecutive throughout the
manuscript (including each page of the tables,
which follow the text in sequence of figure num-
bers). Pagination is by other means than a num-
bering machine, which is reserved for use in D/B
processing.
Manuscript with more than nominal alterations
is not acceptable. Text or tabular material Photo-
statted or similarly reproduced from printed or
other material must be in positive print form and
legible in approximately typewriter elite size.
The supporting items, typed triple space, are as
follows :
TITLE PAGE, containing Chapter or Supplement
number and title, Section number and title, and
the statement: "This is a preliminary draft of
Section , NIS . It has not been finally
edited or reconciled with other NIS sections and
should not be reproduced. This Section has been
approved for use in the NIS by the (agency),
(month, year). This is the uniform date for the
entire section and will appear on each page of the
published section."
TABLE OF CONTENTS for each section, including all
headings and subheads used in text according to
the style given in "Text specifications." For Sup-
plements, or when entire chapters are submitted,
a separate table of contents extending through No.
2 heads of all sections also is included. Each sec-
tion table of contents is immediately followed by
a LIST OF FIGURES which lists in sequence all figures
with the following details for each: Figure number
as determined by sequence in tentative placement,
category identification (Table, Photo, Aerial, Chart,
Diagram, Plan, Map), and the caption as it ap-
pears with the figure or in appropriate short-title
form. This LIST OF FIGURES is immediately fol-
lowed by a contributor statement, as approved by
the NIS Committee, showing the agency or agen-
cies contributing to and responsible for prepara-
tion of the material.
CAPTION LIST (required for typesetting of all cap-
tions). Figure numbers for all tables and graphics
are listed in sequence with exact wording of the
caption as attached to the figure. When appli-
cable, the list of captions is followed by a border
information list, listing in sequence each insert
map figure number with exact wording of the
border information as specified in "Graphic specifi-
cations," and indicating which maps have apron
material.
3. GRAPHIC MATERIAL
Graphic material, including photographs, is as-
sembled separately from manuscript, in 4 complete
sets with each item in sequence. The 4 copies of
each item consist of an original and 3 copies of all
black and white material, and 4 color proofs for
multicolor graphic material. The original plates
of multicolor maps are retained by contributor
until receipt of memorandum from D/B. These
originals are then forwarded as directed by D/B for
final reproduction.
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EDITORIAL INSTRUCTIONS JUNE 1951
B. Text specifications
1. TYPING OF TEXT
Text is submitted in 5 copies, typed on one side
only, with the original on substantial 8 x 121/2
bond paper. Duplicating process may be used if
submitted copies are thoroughly legible. Text is
typed triple space. All paragraphs without head-
ings begin with 5-space indent. Normal capital-
ization is used throughout (including headings),
without use of continuous capitalization or of un-
derlining except for foreign or other terms to be
italicized. The last word of a typed line is always
a complete word, avoiding ending any line with
a hyphen. Manuscript conforms to the sample
pages, with margins as shown. Each. manuscript
page, as shown, includes intop margin the name of
the agency of primary responsibility, date (manu-
script completion date, for processing control pur-
poses only), classification, NIS number and sec-
tion number. The first page of text includes the
section number and title. Text pages are num-
bered consecutively within each section (not using
a numbering machine, which is reserved for D/B
processing).
2. TEXT HEADINGS
Headings used in NIS text material are as fol-
lows :
(Grade of head,
not typed in ms.)
II. Military Geography (Chapter title)
22. Coasts and Landing Beaches (Section title)
A. General (No. 1)
1. Coasts (No. 2)
a. Northern peninsula-Text follows ...... (No. 3)
(1) Williams Bay-Text follows ........ (No. 4)
(a) Vicinity of Port Smith-Text ..... (No. 5)
1) Seaward Approaches-Text ..... (No. 6)
Chapter and section titles are centered. No. 1
heads are typed flush with left margin of text; in-
ferior heads are successively indented 5 typewriter
spaces. No. 1 and No. 2 heads stand alone; text
begins on next line with indentation of 5 spaces and
thereafter flush left. Remaining heads each end
with space, two hyphens, space; text follows im-
mediately on same line, with succeeding lines be-
ginning flush with left text margin.
Each standard heading includes a title in ad-
dition to letter or number. Titles are as brief as
feasible. In No. 1 through No. 5 heads, common
nouns are not capitalized. No. 6 heads are initial
caps except for prepositions, articles, etc.
Headings may stand alone when immediately
followed by the next grade of head. For certain
material (as in Coasts and Landing Beaches), a
heading may be followed on the next line or lines
by coordinates, hydrographic chart references, etc.
No. 5 and No. 6 headings may be modified when
used to introduce a series of similar subsidiary
topics (such as a series of brief descriptive para-
graphs on smaller ports).
Numbers used to itemize a series of items within
text carry a single parenthesis, e.g., 1).
3. REFERENCES TO FIGURES AND TEXT
Figures (including both tables and graphic ma-
terial) must be adequately referred to in the re-
lated text, using figure numbers assigned by the
contributor. Reference may be integral in a sen-
tence, ". . . as shown in FIGURE 32-16 . . . ", or
parenthetical, ". . .(FIGURES 42-3 through 42-
6). . .". It is often desirable to use the reference
flexibly to differentiate types of figures, e.g.,
". . . tabulated in FIGURE 42-7 . . ." or ". .
shown on the map, FIGURE 42-8 . .". Statements
such as ". . . in the following table . . ." or
". .. in the table above . . ." are undesirable be-
cause the relationship may not be retained in
printing. Because figure numbering is subject to
change in publication or maintenance, reference to
tables or graphic material in other sections or
chapters is by abbreviated caption, type of material
and section number in which it appears, e.g., " (see
population density map, SECTION 41) ".
Tentative placement within text of tables and
appropriate graphic items (e.g., line cuts) is in-
dicated by large carets with figure numbers on the
right margin of text pages (see sample pages).
Each figure is caretted only once. Figures expect-
ed to follow printed text, such as half-tone illus-
trations and fold-in maps, are itemized after the
last line of manuscript text.
Because subsection numbering and titles are sub-
ject to change in publication or maintenance, cross
references are made to the highest order of text
topic which will adequately indicate where the ref-
erenced material will be found. Within sections
and especially within lengthy sections, however,
references to subsections may be quite detailed if
desirable. Another section of the same chapter
is referred to by ". . . (SECTION 81, this chapter)
" or ". . . (See section on Ground Forces)
. . ." Reference to a section of another chapter is
as follows : ". . (CHAPTER III, SECTION 31) . .
or ". . (See Railway) . . .
The words Chapter, Section, and Figure, when
followed by identifying number are typed in capi-
tals and lower case.
4. QUOTATIONS AND EXTRACT MATTER
Quotations up to approximately 3 typewritten
lines are included in text within quotation marks.
Longer quotations, and subordinate material like-
wise to be printed as "extract" in smaller type, are
without quotation marks, indented 5 spaces for all
lines and typed double space.
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 JUNE 1951 EDITORIAL INSTRUCTIONS
?eyed-F-o-r-Re4e-ase--108: -/fl -5A0002000-50OOl-lj
ARMY-January 1948
Left
Margin -1
91
Top
Margin
I lin
(CLASSIFICATION)
NIS J.
4
Sec-38
During the Japanese occupation telecommunication facilities in
Manchuria were rapidly expanded. New radio stations were...
Right
Margin-,
Prior to 1933, telecommunication facilities in Manchuria were I
under the control of several agencies and companies licensed by the
(Chinese, Japanese, and Russian governments.
2. Telephone
a. Location of routes of lines -- Telephone land lines
form a rather close pattern around Mukden, Chang-ch'un (Hsinking),
and Harbin, and radiate to all parts of the country (Figure 38-1)..
b. Type of construction -- Construction was completed for
Antung in 1937 (Figure 38-2). In December 1942....
Ian underground 28-pair nonloaded telephone cable between Mukden and
3. Telegraph and cable
parallel to railways and highways; lines are also built along the
(valleys. Practically all the major circuits and most of the other..
Bottom
Margin
1?"
4
( a e number)
p g
(CLASSIFICATION)
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 Top
Margin
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - X41/
8
ARMY-January 194
NIS J.
(CLASSIFICATION) Sec-38
I Left I Right
Margin The offices and agencies that provided telegraph service in thel Margin
u
,China area in 1939 were:
Telegraph and telephone service
244
Telephone stations
232
Telegraph agencies
403
Wireless agencies
62
Total
941
b. Type of construction -- In general, construction of..
4. Radio
a. Radio communications stations -- From 1933 to 1945 the
major radio communications stations were operated by....*
*Itemized information for the period 1940 to 1945 is almost
entirely based on captured Japanese documents, but the significant
(totals are confirmed by U.S. official reports.
I
b. Broadcasting -- There are several of the more powerful
broadcasting stations listed in Figure 38-3.
(1) Number of installations -- The number of these
installations is considerably smaller than the total given by the I
.939 telegraph offices and agencies' tabulations. It is now believed)
( that, even with full allowance for the new facilities only a few have)
'short-wave transmitters. There is very little information-about...
L ------- ----- - - - - - - -- J
Bottom
Margin
14 11
(page number)
(CLASSIFICATION)
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JUNE 1951 EDITORIAL INSTRUCTIONS NAMM
5. SAMPLE PAGES
The accompanying two pages are sample pages
of text manuscript for the guidance of typists.
6. FOOTNOTES
Footnotes to text matter are kept to a minimum.
When footnotes are considered necessary, up to
3 asterisks per page may be used. In manuscript
the footnote is inserted on the line following the
reference, separated from the text by solid lines
above and below; the footnote begins indented 5
spaces from left margin, and is typed double space
(see sample pages).
When several works by the same author or
agency are listed, the author's name is not repeated
but is replaced by dashes in subsequent listings.
C. Tabular specifications
1. TABULATIONS
Relatively simple tabular presentations, gener-
ally with no stubs, less than 3 columns of data, and
not requiring more than a printed column width,
are treated as tabulations. Tabulations are incor-
porated in text manuscript without figure number
or title (see sample pages). They are typed double
space, with no continuous capitalization or under-
lining.
7. REFERENCE TO SOURCES
References to sources are confined as much as
possible to the topic Comments on Principal
Sources, where the evaluative discussion normally
will be followed by an alphabetical listing of prin-
cipal sources to which consecutive numbers are
assigned. If sources are grouped by subject cate-
gories, they are numbered consecutively rather
than by successive groups. In text, and in both
text and figure footnotes, this facilitates brief ref-
erence, e.g., ". . , based on Source 1 estimates,
. . ." or ". . . (Source 1) . . ." When only a few
principal sources are identified and are not as-
signed source numbers in the Comments subsec-
tion, text or footnote reference thereto is as brief
as feasible. A source cited in text but not included
in Comments on Principal Sources may be de-
scribed in necessary detail but as briefly as possi-
ble. Author, title of source, and date normally is
sufficient, typed in capitals and lower case set off
from text by parentheses.
In the numbered listing of principal sources,
each item is typed double space and is continuous
in the following order and typewriter style :
Author, authors, editor or agency; last name
first, capital and lower case, period. Title of book
or other separate publication; capitals and lower
case, underlined, followed within parentheses by
capitals and lower case translation if required,
period. Title of article from periodical in quotes,
capitals and lower case, comma; followed by name
of periodical, underlined, comma; edition, series,
part, volume, number, selected pages, year of peri-
odical as necessary, separated by commas in that
order, with capital only at beginning of series of
items, abbreviated as ed., ser., pt., vol., no., p.,
period. Arabic numerals used throughout except
Roman after pt. Place of publication in capitals
and lower case, followed by colon and publishing
agency if given, otherwise period. Date, period;
n.d. if not dated, period. Total pages if desired.
Classification in parentheses, capital and lower
case, without period.
2. TABLES
More complex tabular presentations, generally
with stub and 3 or more vertical columns of data,
are treated as tables. Each table has a descrip-
tive title (caption) preceded by a figure number.
Each table is constructed to stand as an entity,
because of possible separation from text in publica-
tion or use.
3. TYPING OF TABLES
Each table is typed in 5 copies, on one side only,
original on substantial bond paper. Duplicating
process may be used if submitted copies are thor-
oughly checked for legibility. Tables are typed
double space, with no continuous capitals or under-
lining in caption, stubs, column headings, or data
entries. Tables are typed on 8 x 121/2 bond paper
whenever practicable. For more extensive presen-
tations, larger paper may be used, if possible re-
taining the 121/2 inch vertical dimension. Several
separate 8 x 121/2 pages may be used to continue
a table. When more than one page is used to
present a table or when there is significant relation-
ship between columns in separate tables, in typing
it is important to maintain alignment and space
relationship of columns on all pages. Each page
includes in the margin, as in text pages, the name
of the agency of primary responsibility, date, clas-
sification, NIS number and section number.
4. TABLE TITLES AND FIGURE NUMBERS
Table titles (captions) are as brief as possible
consistent with adequate indication of table con-
tent. Date or dates are included in the title un-
less table content is generalized or in itself provides
adequate date information. The area or political
name is incorporated when feasible, in adjective
form ("Value of French imports, 1945-1950") or
in noun form after substance of caption ("Land
use, France, 1950").
The figure number which precedes each table
title is comprised of the section number followed
by a hyphen and the serial number of the table in
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the sequence of all figures (including all tables
and graphic items) within a section, according to
caretted location in the submitted manuscript.
5. TABLE STUBS AND COLUMN HEADINGS
Stubs (horizontal descriptive entries normally
to the left of vertical columns of data) and column
headings are carefully worded and coordinated.
Proper selection and description of categories min-
imizes footnotes and exceptions which require ex-
planation.
In general, the heading at the top of a column
covers all material presented in the column with-
out insertion of additional headings farther down
the column. The same applies to side heads and
lines of data. Where intermediate headings seem
necessary, the material generally is presented as
separate tables. However, related categories of
items (such as apply to various weapons) may be
usefully combined in a single table by making col-
umn headings more comprehensive and using sub-
headings in columns and/or indicating a general
change in category. Preliminary consultation
with D/B on such matters is advisable.
6. TABLE FOOTNOTES AND SOURCE REFER-
ENCES
Footnotes to tables are indicated by up to 3
asterisks and thereafter by up to 3 daggers (the
typewriter symbol $k is used for a dagger). These
symbols are placed at the left of numerical column
data, and at the right of headings, stubs, mixed or
reading column data. Footnotes generally are
typed double space, under the table, starting in-
dented five spaces from left margin of table. The
number of footnotes to tables is minimized by in-
corporation of the material into related text when
feasible, by careful phrasing of stubs and headings,
by consolidation in a reduced number of footnotes,
or by consolidation in a single NOTE carried as a
footnote without symbol.
When source reference or references are con-
sidered necessary and apply for a table as a whole,
they are indicated by "Data from Source 13 . . ."
beginning at the left text margin and typed two
spaces below a line at the bottom of the table
proper. If a NOTE item is used it precedes the
conventional abbreviation n a and explanation, if
used (see conventional entries below), which in
turn precedes any symbol footnotes. An entire
table taken verbatim from a source (sometimes as
the only available data, and not necessarily fully
accepted by the contributor), is so indicated in re-
lated text, by explanation within the table, or by
footnote; in such cases it is generally desirable, so
far as feasible, to follow the detailed format of the
original material.
To avoid blank spaces in columns of data, the
following conventional entries are made as ap-
propriate in table columns :
... not applicable; no footnote used
n a data not available, inadequate data, etc;
n and a separated and underlined; until
conventional is well established, explained
as "Data not available", etc., in footnote
0 indicates zero quantity or reading in col-
umns of uniform data such as weather
statistics; no footnote used
none used instead of 0 when data are not uni-
form, e.g., to indicate known lack of pro-
duction of a significant commodity;
underline; no footnote used
insig quantity too insignificant to record;
underline; no footnote used
When exceptional items in a column are esti-
mated they are preceded by est in underlined lower
case, unless symbol and footnote are preferable be-
cause of an otherwise appreciably narrower column
or exceptional items can be feasibly covered in
other footnotes.
Ditto marks are not used in tables. For this pur-
pose do in underlined lower case is used. Gener-
ally, identical entries in figure columns are re-
peated. It is likewise desirable to repeat word en-
tries which have significance.
8. STATISTICAL TOTALS
When n a or insig are included with vertical or
horizontal data entries for which a total is given
that only moderately exceeds the sum of the specific
entries, no footnote explanation may be required.
However, when the total is exactly the sum of the
specific figures, generally it is advisable to indicate
that n a or similar items are not reflected in the
total, e.g., "* Totals are of known data" or
"approx." When totals are not identical with the
sum of specific entries, because of rounding or dif-
ferent sources, indicate by note, e.g., "(Tonnage)
figures rounded to nearest (thousand) are not ad-
ditive".
9. TABLE CONSTRUCTION
Optimum clarity and usefulness require the care-
ful construction of all tables in terms of the nature
and purpose of the material and the characteris-
tics of the NIS format.
Column headings normally are typed and printed
horizontally. They may be vertical when heading
narrow columns of data or generally to facilitate
publishing a table in minimum width. Superior
or consolidating headings are centered over the
appropriate individual column headings.
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JUNE 1951 EDITORIAL INSTRUCTIONS
To avoid repetition of units of measurement after
items of latitude, longitude, time, distance, weight,
etc., units of measurement (abbreviated as appro-
priate) are put at the head of column, or centered
over appropriate columns. Units common to an
entire table (e.g., thousands of metric tons, or per-
centage of population) are placed in parentheses
beneath the table title.
It is desirable, so far as practicable, for a series
of tables dealing with common or closely related
topics to be expressed in a uniform order of magni-
tude of units of measurement, e.g., all in thousands
of tons or hundreds of tons.
Entries in all columns align horizontally with
top line of the corresponding stub.
Vertical columns of figures are aligned on the
decimal point, dissimilar figures are centered in
the column, and zeros precede the decimal in num-
bers of less than 1. Examples of various figure
items are :
1500
0.15
15.5 -17.0
insig
30 (daily)
Generally it is not desirable to carry a column
in which there are no entries. Use of a column
for isolated entries may be avoided by carrying the
entries in a "Remarks" column or by consolidation
in an explanatory note to the table.
Tables generally should be constructed to avoid
extensive use of full-length lines or rules between
columns and particularly between horizontal en-
tries. Lines or boxes around column headings pref-
erably are omitted by contributors unless format
is well established.
Although contributors are not required to con-
form to printing requirements when constructing
tables, general consideration of such requirements
facilitates publication of table material. A printed
NIS single-column width accommodates approxi-
mately 55 units of characters or spaces. A two-
column page width takes approximately 115 units.
A two-page spread takes approximately 230 char-
acters or spaces. Two-page spreads tend to present
page make-up problems in publication, including
separation of tables from related text. Tables
which must be viewed from the side of the page,
and extended tables on fold-in inserts, generally
are not desirable and are used only by arrangement
with D/B. In constructing tables for normal col-
umn or page-width publication, space allowance
must be made for column headings which may be
wider than figure entries in columns, and for stubs.
When it is apparent that the maximum horizontal
lines (allowing for column entries, column head-
ings, stubs, footnote symbols, and adequate space
between columns) will occupy more than the ap-
proximate number of spaces available but will not
utilize more than a nominal additional width, re-
arrangement of the table warrants consideration.
Vertical printing of heads is one device. When the
number of columns exceeds the number of stub
entries, the lay-out often may be reversed to make
a longer but narrower table. When tables present
problems not previously encountered, contributors
are requested to consult D/B before final typing.
D. Graphic specifications
1. GENERAL
All graphic materials, such as photographs,
maps, charts, graphs, and sketches, regardless of
size, are (in addition to numbered tables) desig-
nated as figures. Each figure carries a separate
figure number comprised of the section number
followed by hyphen and serial number of the figure
in the sequence of all figures within the section.
The page size of the printed NIS, including
binding and other margins, is 91/4" by 121/8". The
type is set in two 31/2" columns spaced 1/4" apart.
Figures of column width are printed 31/2" wide,
and 2-column figures are 71/4" wide. The maxi-
mum height of such figures including space for
caption is 93/4".
All graphic items larger than page size are
treated as fold-in inserts. The maximum paper
size used for NIS inserts is 231/4" V x 393/4" H. The
horizontal dimension normally includes a 91/4"
apron.
Figures are prepared to fit NIS indicated dimen-
sions. Care is required in laying out correct pro-
portions and in selecting sizes of symbols, patterns,
lines, and lettering to allow for reduction com-
mensurate with that permitted by other features
of the figure. When a specific amount of reduc-
tion is desired, it is so marked outside the border.
Otherwise, the amount of reduction will be decided
by D/B.
All charts, graphs, maps and other graphic ma-
terial to be printed with text are constructed as
black and white linecut figures of page size or less.
Photographs and other figures requiring halftone
reproduction normally will be published on coated
paper inserts of page size (excepting large pano-
ramas or mosaics which may be run as fold-in in-
serts), grouped immediately following text and
table manuscript of each section. Multicolor
graphics normally will be inserted at the end of
each section.
All figures, except insert maps, are accompanied
by captions (in lower case and normal word capital-
ization) which are carefully worded to be briefly
but adequately descriptive. The first line of the
caption carries the figure number followed by iden-
tification of the subject or brief descriptive phrase;
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succeeding lines add appropriate amplification, in-
cluding direction of view and indication of the date
(or absence thereof, by "Date unknown") of photo-
graphs. Captions are firmly attached to figures,
affixed to permit reading of the caption while view-
ing the figure but not obscuring the figure image.
Captions must be legible but need not be drafted
since all captions are set in type.
Charts or graphs do not carry titles or caption
material (as distinct from explanatory legend ma-
terial) within the figure image. In the case of a
specially constructed chart or graph, source and
date of information may be drafted within the
figure.
All insert maps carry the title, legend, source
and date of source, and other essential caption in-
formation drafted within the title box or neatline.
Border information, indicated outside the map bor-
der in non-photographic blue but not drafted be-
cause it will be set in type, is as follows : Upper left
corner-agency responsible for map content, and
date to be carried by the section as a unit; center
top-NIS Area number; upper right corner-classi-
fication; lower left corner-file number and agency
responsible for actual map construction (unless
the latter is identical with material in upper left
corner) ; center bottom-abbreviated map title;
lower right corner-figure number.
It is not necessary that all maps or photographs
be oriented with north at the top, but the position
of north is clearly indicated by means of a north
arrow,. coordinates, or caption. Names, symbols,
and similar details of figures are oriented for read-
ing from the bottom of the page. In exceptions
where figures must be viewed from the side of the
page, details of the figure are oriented for reading
from the right-hand side of the page.
Printed "stick-up" is preferred for symbols and
lettering. However, Leroy lettering is permissible.
Freehand lettering and symbols are to be avoided
except in such instances as the inclusion of an ex-
istent, printed map or sketch.
It is frequently desirable for graphic material,
such as large-scale aerials of airfields, to be ac-
companied by small-scale line-cut orientation or
location maps.
2. PHOTOGRAPHS
Only clear and distinct photographs are accept-
able, and original prints are supplied insofar as
possible. Except where the original is unwieldy,
prints are supplied at the same scale as originals,
including suggested cropping to be undertaken in
D/B processing.
High-altitude aerial photographs carry a north
arrow and bar scale drafted on the face of the print.
When a photograph originally has foreign annota-
tions on the face of the photograph, the annota-
tions are retained and accompanied by translation
or explanation. Where feasible, the translation is
added to the face of the print in the form of a key
or legend; where space is not available or a key or
legend is not adequately descriptive, the transla-
tion or explanation appears in the caption or on
a separate typed sheet attached to each copy of
the print.
Instructions for selection and preparation of
photographs are set forth in NIS supplementary in-
structions.
3. MAPS
All NIS maps are carefully selected and con-
structed in terms of the purpose and subject ma-
terial of a map or plan, content and positional in-
tegration with text, suitability of color or other
differentiation, and all feasible uniformity in lay-
out, lettering, and other drafted elements.
All maps have a neatline and border, a legend
centered under the map title, a bar scale centered
beneath the legend, and the classification centered
beneath the scale. Legends clearly define all sym-
bols not self-explanatory or generally understood
from common usage. A direction indication, either
coordinates or a north arrow, is included. Maps
prepared as a series (e.g., port and town plans)
have consistent treatment throughout in type style,
zipatone patterns, title and legend layout. Non-
varying plastic (e.g., dyrite, vinylite) is preferable
for the construction of color plates, to facilitate
accurate registry in printing.
A map designed as a black and white line draw-
ing, page size or less, is preferable for many NIS
purposes because it can be printed adjacent to the
related text. When information cannot be ade-
quately presented in black and white, limited use of
one additional color for such maps is possible, upon
consultation with D/B.
A Standard Base Map for each NIS. Area is pre-
pared and distributed by Geographic Division,
(D/G), CIA in the following forms : Black and
white and composite color copies on paper; compos-
ite black line and black line copies of each color
separation plate on plastic (dyrite). Specific in-
structions concerning reduction, sizes, etc., are dis-
tributed with the base map for each NIS Area.
Contributors are responsible for drafting their
own overlays, which are keyed to the base plates of
NIS Standard Base Maps.
In addition to the Standard Base Map a small-
scale Page Size Base Map is prepared for each NIS
Area. This map is available to contributors in
black-line and non-photographic blue, paper copies.
Black-line maps or color overlays are prepared by
drafting directly on these bases.
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JUNE 1951 EDITORIAL INSTRUCTIONS
25X1X7^
25X1X7^
For purposes where base maps are not applicable
(such as port plans), contributors are responsible
for compiling and constructing their own maps.
Contributors lacking necessary cartographic facili-
ties should consult D/B.
Fold-in maps are printed with a page-size apron,
to permit full view of the map as the text is read.
This apron can be used for printing information
additional to that contained in the legend, such
as lists of installations or regions. Such informa-
tion is submitted on a separate typewritten sheet,
a copy of which is attached to each copy of the
map. Printed material is not carried on the back
of a map.
1. NIS SUPPLEMENT SPECIFICATIONS
Preparation of text and graphic material for
NIS Supplements generally conforms to the indi-
cated procedures for other NIS material, with such
modifications as are developed to meet the require-
ments of the Supplements.
2. CLASSIFICATION AND CONTROL
NIS textual material is classified independently
by section. All pages of each section uniformly
carry the highest classification of material in the
section. All material, however, carries at least
a RESTRICTED classification. Tables of contents,
caption lists, all tables, and all graphics intended
to be printed within text, carry the uniform section
classification and are so stamped when submitted.
Insert maps or other insert graphic items (includ-
ing photographs) are not governed by the over-all
classification, but are individually classified as ap-
propriate.
The agency of primary responsibility is required
to indicate any control aspects of submitted ma-
terial.
All Comments on Principal Sources for all NIS
are controlled for "U.S. Officials Only". Each page
of that portion of manuscript is so stamped, top
and bottom. The control for Comments on Prin-
cipal Sources as such does not govern for related
NIS material and need not be specified in the letter
of transmittal.
Certain other
NIS Areas, as approved and specifically listed by
the NIS Committee, are restricted by control for
"U.S. Officials Only". All NIS material relating
to such Areas, regardless of the content of the ma-
terial, is correspondingly controlled. Each page of
manuscript and each unit of graphic material is
appropriately stamped, top and bottom. All such
material delivered to D/B carries a cover sheet
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specifying control, and the control requirements
also are indicated in the letter of transmittal.
When any element or portions of NIS material
(other than Comments on Principal Sources) are
controlled for reasons other than the approved con-
trol character of the Area, the entire section in-
volved is controlled. Each page of manuscript and
each unit of graphic material is appropriately
stamped, top and bottom. All such material de-
livered to D./B carries a cover sheet specifying con-
trol, and the nature of and occasion for the con-
trol requirements are indicated in the letter of
transmittal.
3. TREATMENT OF NAMES
Geographic names used in the NIS are those
approved by the United States Board on Geo-
graphic Names (BGN). Preliminary gazetteers
are issued to contributors for use in the preparation
of text and graphic materials. Pending publica-
tion of a pertinent gazetteer, or in the case of
names not covered by a published gazetteer, lists
of names are submitted according to NIS supple-
mentary instructions.
English conventional names are used insofar as
they are approved by BGN. The approved native
name is added in parentheses the first time the
conventional name is used in a section, and there-
after as desirable for clarity. It is desirable to use
the native name in parentheses after the conven-
tional name on maps whenever practicable.
Approved native names are used where conven-
tional English names are not provided. Transla-
tion of generic parts of native names (except when
the meaning is apparent) is given, in parentheses
or in running text if feasible, the first time a ge-
neric appears in any segment of text. As a reader
aid, English generics may be interspersed in text.
All terms referring to man-made features, such
as Small Boat Harbor, are in English. Military
regions or other regions arbitrarily designated for
convenience in presentation are in English and
are not required to be identical with BGN approved
versions.
Consistency in the use of the conventional or
the native name for the same feature is maintained
throughout each chapter.
In lists of towns and cities, coordinates are given
for each of two or more places having identical
names.
4. TECHNICAL TERMINOLOGY
When scientific names are appropriately used in
the interest of accuracy, if possible they are pre-
ceded by a common name or common name ge-
neric; e.g., the colon bacillus (Escherichia coli),
malaria mosquitoes (Anopheles maculipennis, A.
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EDITORIAL INSTRUCTIONS JUNE 1951
hyracanus). The scientific names are enclosed in
parentheses and marked for italics in every case.
In a paragraph discussing malaria mosquitoes,
however, italicized scientific names may be used
without a preceding common name or generic.
Scientific family names (names ending in -idae, as
Stomatidae) are capitalized but not italicized.
Special-use terms, such as names of military
regions, are capitalized (e.g., the Kazakh Hill
Country) to clearly maintain identity.
5. STATISTICAL DATA
Statistical data normally are expressed either
in U.S. units of measure or in the metric system,
and are consistent within a section or the largest
NIS unit feasible, except to conform with common
usage, as in discussing 75 mm and 3" guns. All
contributions, should clearly indicate what system
is used, in tables as well as text. When different
measurement systems unavoidably appear together
in text (e.g., statute and nautical miles) they must
be clearly differentiated. In the case of areas
where available maps or charts use varying meas-
urement systems, the text is expressed in U.S.
units with metric conversion following in parenthe-
ses, and accompanying maps using extensive
metric annotations in their original form carry a
conversion table. Both U.S. and other measure-
ments may be given, as in the case of a table, when
contributing to utility.
Measurements are expressed in terms consistent
with the inherent or required degree of accuracy,
(e.g., 2,340 miles of coast, 16' 61/4" bridge clear-
ance). Conversions are exact when appropriate;
a rounded original figure is not converted into an
inconsistently exact figure; rounded conversions
may be used with a modifying "about" or "approxi-
mate". Units of measurement with varying mean-
ings are clearly defined, e.g., statute miles or nau-
tical miles, short tons or long tons. Both quan-
tity and value may be given when useful for indi-
cating relative importance. In financial data,
conversion factors with date are included.
6. RETURN OF MATERIAL
Detailed procedures governing the return of sub-
mitted material are established in NIS supple-
mentary instructions.
7. EDITORIAL STYLE
Development of style for all forms of NIS content
is a continuing and coordinated result of contribu-
tor and D/B processing of the various types of ma-
terial. For all matters of style not so developed,
and not indicated by specific D/B instructions, the
current Government Printing Office Style Manual
governs.
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Security Information
NATIONAL INTELLIGENCE SURVEY
STANDARD INSTRUCTIONS
CHAPTER IV
SOCIOLOGICAL
Section 40 Introduction
Section 41 Population
Section 42 Characteristics of the People
Section 43 Religion, Education, and
Public Information
Section 44 Manpower
Section 45 Health and Sanitation
Section 46 Public Welfare
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
Washington, D. C.
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JUNE 1951 ne"MRRML
Chapter IV - Sociological
OUTLINE
B.
Religion
A.
General character of the society
1. Distribution of principal faiths
2. Religious organization
B.
Historical setting
3. Social and political significance of
A.
General
C.
religion in the country
Education
1. Educational level of the population
2. Educational system, including adult
B.
Size and geographical distribution
education
C.
Population structure
3. General content of instruction
D.
Population change
D.
Public information
E.
F.
A.
B.
1. Historical growth
2. Vital statistics
3. Immigration and emigration
Population problems and policy
Comments on principal sources
General
Physical characteristics
E.
F.
A.
B.
Biographies of key figures in religion,
education, and public information,
(optional)
Comments on principal sources
General
Manpower analysis
C.
Cultural characteristics
1. Manpower in relation to total popu-
D.
1. Languages
2. Social structure
3. Social values and patterns of living
4. Artistic and intellectual expression
Attitudes and reactions of the people
C.
lation
2. Labor force
Standards and practices of employ-
ment
1. Utilization of potential labor supply
1. Nationalistic attitudes
2. Attitudes toward internal racial and
ethnic groups
3. Attitudes toward foreign nations,
D.
2. Wages and working conditions
3. Labor market, hiring practices and
mobility
Labor relations and organization
toward foreigners in general, and
toward the United States and
Americans.
4. Attitudes toward international or-
ganizations
5. Attitudes toward war and prepara-
tion for national defense
6. Wartime morale of the civilian popu-
lation
E. Minorities
F. Comments on principal sources
SECTION 43. RELIGION, EDUCATION, AND PUBLIC IN-
FORMATION
1. Labor relations and problems
2. Organization and control of labor
3. Labor legislation and government
policy
4. Biographies of key labor figures
(optional)
E. Comments on principal sources
A. General
B. Environmental factors affecting
health
1. Topographic and climatic factors
2. Nutritional factors
3. Plant and animal factors
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wwwms~ CHAPTER IV
JUNE 1951
C.
Public utilities in relation to health
H.
Medical research and development
D.
E.
F.
G.
1. Water
2. Waste disposal
Diseases
Public health administration and
practice
Medical care potential
1. Medical personnel
2. Hospitals
3. Medical supplies
4. Industrial hygiene
Medical training and other institu-
tions
I.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Comments on principal sources
General
Standards of living
Social problems
Social security
Comments on principal sources
OUTLINE GUIDE
The following outline guide indicates substance and general arrangement.
In preparation and typing of manuscript, D/B Editorial Instructions are
to be followed in detail.
Section 40. Introduction
A. General character of the society
This Subsection should provide a concise syn-
thesis of the general character of the society and
civilization. It should not be merely a summary of
materials elaborated in the remainder of the chap-
ter, but an over-all picture, answering questions
such as the following:
1) What are the main patterns and trends of
social life and social organization? Are they based
primarily on an agricultural or industrial tradition,
on a mixed or other type of economy?
2) Is the society stable or unstable, is it con-
fused, disunited, or imbued with a sense of common
destiny and mission?
3) What is the status of, and the relationships
among, the various classes, races, religious denomi-
nations, nationality or language groups?
4) What are the dominant social motives of the
average citizen-economic, cultural, religious, ra-
cial, etc.?
5) Do the people have an individualistic or col-
lectivist bent or tradition; are these opposite tend-
encies harmoniously combined or at war with each
other?
6) What is the pattern of public opinion forma-
tion and of individual thought? For example, are
the people predominantly logical, romantic, prag-
matic, or otherwise in their approach to individual
and national problems? Are they prone to com-
promise, to legalistic attitudes, to uncritical self-
justification? Is it easy or difficult to influence
them by propaganda?
B. Historical setting
Give a brief resume of such facts in this history of
the country as are essential to an understanding of
the origins of the people, their prevailing tradi-
tions, and their orientation toward neighboring
and related peoples. The form of presentation
may be either chronological or analytical but
should not be an exhaustive chronicle of events.
Omit so far as possible political background ma-
terial, which should be presented in CHAPTER V,
SECTION 50. Effort should be made through coor-
dination to avoid duplicating or omitting impor-
tant background material in these two sections.
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JUNE 1951 SOCIOLOGICAL
Section 41. Population
A. General
This Subsection should provide an appropriate
approach to the material in the remainder of the
section. It should include a brief statement of
the major aspects of population size, distribution
and change and their significant relationships
with economic and other problems of the country
concerned. It should not be merely a digest of
what follows.
B. Size and geographical distribution
Give brief comparative data on the size and
density of the population as of postwar census or
estimate. Present a table of area and population
in the chief administrative subdivisions (prov-
inces, departments, states, etc.) with number of
persons per square mile, preferably accompanied
by a map of population density for location pur-
poses. Indicate the general pattern of settle-
ment-orientation toward the sea, river commerce,
industrial area, agricultural plains, etc.
Give percent of population, rural and urban-is
it concentrated in major agglomerations or dis-
persed? Tabulate population in larger cities
(postwar census or estimate for a recent date) and
(if possible) in the chief metropolitan areas. Dis-
cuss the role of internal migration in the redistri-
bution of population. Indicate the chief origins,
destinations and causes of internal migratory
movements, particularly rural-urban migration.
attributable to World War II. (Cross-reference to
SECTION 80, E, Manpower.)
D. Population change
1. HISTORICAL GROWTH
Cite dates and figures for national censuses and
give brief comparisons with neighboring or rival
countries. Has the country been a population
vacuum (cf. France) or a source of outward popu-
lation pressure (Germany, Japan)? What are the
factors affecting growth and their present trends?
2. VITAL STATISTICS
Tabulate births, deaths, and excess of births over
deaths for postwar years. Give vital rates per
1,000 population for postwar years and such earlier
dates (e.g., averages for 1921-1925, 1926-1930,
1931-1935, and 1936-1939) as are necessary to give
proper perspective. If possible, give infant mor-
tality rates (infant deaths in first year of life
per 1,000 births) for the same dates.
3. IMMIGRATION AND EMIGRATION
If available, give table showing immigrants by
chief country of origin and emigrants by chief
country of destination for postwar years and sum-
marized for prewar periods (cf. vital rates above).
Indicate the residue of migration as measured by
the number of foreign-born and the number of
aliens and naturalized citizens. Discuss war mi-
grations and population dislocations (if any).
C. Population structure
Tabulate population (in thousands) classified by
five-year age groups (0-4, 5-9, 10-14, . . . 65 and
over) for males, females, and total as of postwar
census or estimate for January 1, of the year of NIS
publication. Is there a significant deficit of males,
and, if so, at what ages? Is it customary for all
adults to marry or is there a large spinster popu-
lation arising from late marriage or other factors?
Is it a young or an old population? Indicate per-
cent of the total in working ages (e.g., 15-64) and
in dependent ages (e.g., 0-14 and 65 and over). Is
there a heavy burden of old age dependency, child
dependency, or both relative to the working popu-
lation? Note any significant abnormalities in the
age structure (cf. deficits of males in young work-
ing ages owing to war losses).
Give best available estimates of military casual-
ties, civilian casualties, and total population loss
E. Population problems and policy
Indicate prospective future population trends.
Discuss problems presented by growth, decline, or
distribution of the population, together with the
attitudes of the people and the government towards
these problems. Indicate migration policies and
discuss the present and prospective role of migra-
tion and settlement (e.g., in relieving population
pressure or in developing thinly populated areas).
F. Comments on principal sources
This Subsection is to serve the following pur-
poses :
1) To provide an evaluation of the principal
source material used in preparing the Section and
thereby inform the user of the general credibility
to be accorded the intelligence contained in the
Section.
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2) To indicate those aspects of the subject about
which information is deficient or unavailable and
thereby provide collectors of information with col-
lection targets. In this connection, the principal
sources (not necessarily all sources) actually used
should be indicated.
Section 42. Characteristics of the people
A. General
This Subsection should provide an appropriate
approach to the material contained in the re-
mainder of the section. It should indicate briefly
the crucial physical and cultural characteristics
that have determined national strength or weak-
ness and national solidarity or disunity, as well as
susceptibility to foreign psychological influences.
It should not be merely a digest of what follows.
B. Physical characteristics
Describe distinctive physical and racial char-
acteristics such as typical stature, coloring, facial
structure, physical vigor, etc.
Identify the main racial groups, their num-
bers, their regional distribution, and their histori-
cal origins. In mixed populations data that can
aid in distinguishing individuals according to
racial or sub-racial groups are important.
C. Cultural characteristics
1. LANGUAGES
Designate the major languages commonly
spoken in the country, indicating their localized
distribution with maps, and show the percentage
of the population that habitually speak each lan-
guage.* Indicate the degree to which there is
local knowledge of English or other common for-
eign languages. Indicate briefly the extent to
which dialects are spoken and the extent to which
speakers of the different dialects can understand
each other. Maps showing the distribution of sig-
nificant dialects are useful.
2. SOCIAL STRUCTURE
a. CLASS STRATIFICATION - Describe and ana-
lyze the class system of the country, indicating the
basis upon which the important class lines are
drawn, whether racial, religious, economic, or
other. What degree of social mobility exists?
* The OWI Linguistic Censuses of Europe and Far
East gives these proportions for many countries be-
fore the war. Figures can be adjusted for any
transfer of language groups that occurred during
or since World War II.
What are the trends with respect to the size
and composition of the social classes? What are
the implications of class division as regards politi-
cal activity and national solidarity? Do some
classes combine for political power over others?
What combinations of this sort now exist? Are
class distinctions forgotten in a national emer-
gency?
b. SOCIAL ORGANIZATIONS AND MOVEMENTS -
Describe important social organizations and move-
ments other than those formed on the basis of class
or family; such as, secret societies, cooperatives,
lodges, business and professional associations,
youth movements, and other groups not covered
elsewhere. Indicate the professed and apparent
real aims, the number and character of member-
ship. What factors determine status, prestige, and
leadership? Estimate the financial resources, and
influence of such organizations as centers of group
action and of attitude formation.
c. FAMILY - Explain the characteristic forms
of kinship groupings, whether the single family,
joint family, clan, etc., with emphasis on differences
from the United States.
3. SOCIAL VALUES AND PATTERNS OF LIV-
ING
Describe customs and characteristic ways of life,
rural or urban, which are of significance as regards
the maintenance of national unity, actual or po-
tential military power, relations with foreigners,
or where applicable the introduction of Western
ideas and techniques. For example, do the social
values emphasize rigid conformity or permit con-
siderable freedom for deviant behavior? Where
these are significantly different from the United
States, diagnose basic attitudes toward life and
death, toward work and leisure, toward change,
toward authority and the role of the individual.
Is there emphasis on obedience to authority?
What are the most effective sanctions motivating
or inhibiting behavior, e.g., prestige, material re-
wards, ostracism, legal punishments, etc. In pub-
lic life are there tendencies toward nepotism, in-
difference to corruption, etc., which have implica-
tions for national unity? Are there significant
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rural-urban, ethnic and class differences in social
values which threaten national solidarity?
4. ARTISTIC AND INTELLECTUAL EXPRES-
SION
Briefly describe the major forms of national
artistic and intellectual expression. Are they
founded on a well-developed native tradition or
borrowed? Do artists and intellectuals enjoy pres-
tige in the society? To what extent are artistic
forms and "schools of thought" important as na-
tional and ideological symbols?
D. Attitudes and reactions of the people
Discuss under the headings given below. Em-
phasize the more basic and lasting attitudes rather
than current public opinion. Where appropriate
make cross-reference to relevant sections of CHAP-
TER V.
1. NATIONALISTIC ATTITUDES
Views of the people with respect to their own
country and its aggrandizement. Distinguish be-
tween attitudes toward the country itself and to-
ward the government in power. What are the es-
tablished national "symbols" (e.g., caricatures,
slogans, national anthem, flag), and what is their
significance? What are the aspirations of leaders
and of key groups for the future of their country?
2. ATTITUDES TOWARD INTERNAL RACIAL
AND ETHNIC GROUPS
Consider the attitudes of various segments of the
population toward each other. Examples : Anti-
Semitism, Czech-Sudeten German attitudes, white-
colored relationships, etc.
3. ATTITUDES TOWARD FOREIGN NATIONS,
TOWARD FOREIGNERS IN GENERAL, AND TO-
WARD THE UNITED STATES AND AMERICANS
Describe reactions to manifestations of Ameri-
can civilization with which they come in contact.
Stress special aspects evoking good will or antago-
nism.
4. ATTITUDES TOWARD INTERNATIONAL
ORGANIZATIONS
Especially the United Nations or regional group-
ings for defense or other purposes. As a means of
comparison, earlier attitudes toward the League
of Nations may be included.
5. ATTITUDES TOWARD WAR AND PREPA-
RATION FOR NATIONAL DEFENSE
What is the prevailing attitudes as regards mili-
tary training?
6. WARTIME MORALE OF THE CIVILIAN
POPULATION
Consider the attitudes and morale of the civilian
population during World War II or the last war
in which the country engaged.
E. Minorities
Indicate the numerical importance and location
of the significant groups (minorities, whether
created by an ethnic, religious, economic, or histori-
cal differentiation). If a map can contribute to
clarity of presentation, prepare one. Describe
each major group, emphasizing the significant dis-
tinctive characteristics and the extent of divergence
from what may be regarded as the national domi-
nant norm.
F. Comments on principal sources
This Subsection is to serve the following pur-
poses:
1) To provide an evaluation of the principal
source material used in preparing the Section and
thereby inform the user of the general credibility to
be accorded the intelligence contained in the Sec-
tion.
2) To indicate those aspects of the subject about
which information is deficient or unavailable and
thereby provide collectors of information with col-
lection targets. In this connection, the principal
sources (not necessarily all sources) actually used
should be indicated.
Section 43. Religion, Education, and Public Information
A. General
This Subsection should provide an appropriate
approach to the material contained in the re-
mainder of the section. It should include a brief
statement of the role and relative importance of
religious, educational, and informational institu-
tions in shaping the life and outlook of the people.
It should not be merely a digest of what follows.
B. Religion
1. DISTRIBUTION OF PRINCIPAL FAITHS
Give the percentage of the inhabitants adhering
to each. Include important sects. Indicate
whether specific religious faiths are linked with
specific ethnic groups. Indicate extent to which
formal church adherence actually reflects religious
faiths and practices.
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Give a brief account of the organizational struc-
ture of each major religious group, and discuss its
buildings, schools, churches, etc.
3. SOCIAL AND POLITICAL SIGNIFICANCE
OF RELIGION IN THE COUNTRY
Indicate the attitude of the government toward
religious groups. Is there an established church?
How do religious affinities and differences affect
national unity? Are there sympathies or antipa-
thies toward other countries for religious reasons?
Indicate features of religion which have an impor-
tant bearing on the daily life of the people or on
their relations with and attitudes toward foreign-
ers.
C. Education
1. EDUCATIONAL LEVEL OF THE POPULA-
TION
Discuss degree of literacy and general educa-
tional achievement.
2. EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM, INCLUDING
ADULT EDUCATION
Indicate briefly the general organization of the
educational system, from elementary schools
through the universities, and its position in the
governmental structure; the facilities for voca-
tional and industrial training and graduate edu-
cation; the role of research institutions. Indicate
notable inadequacies of the educational system.
Discuss the extent and effectiveness of efforts to
reduce illiteracy or broaden educational oppor-
tunity.
3. GENERAL CONTENT OF INSTRUCTION
The control of government over such content;
the character of the education received; its ideo-
logical orientation and its effect on attitudes, es-
pecially toward foreigners.
D. Public information
Give a concise survey of methods of dissemi-
nating news; e.g., via newspapers, magazines,
radio, motion picture, etc. Indicate adequacy of
coverage of these various media. (Cross-reference
to SECTION 58.)
List the principal domestic newspapers and
radio chains and indicate whether each is govern-
ment operated or privately operated. With refer-
ence to newspapers, for the sake of uniformity, par-
ticulars should be charted as shown below.
For domestic magazines, indicate the period of
publication, the circulation, and the class of
readers appealed to; if the number and variety of
magazines justifies the use of a tabular form as
with newspapers, use such form. As regards do-
mestic motion pictures, indicate the number and
distribution, the audience volume, the source of
pictures shown, and the controlling interests. Give
a succinct evaluation of effect upon the popula-
tion of public information and non-political propa-
ganda conveyed by the above-mentioned domestic
media.
List newspapers and radio chains which are
foreign sponsored. List the foreign elements in-
volved. For foreign-sponsored magazines, indi-
cate the period of publication, the circulation, and
the class of people appealed to. List the foreign
elements involved. If the number and variety of
newspapers and magazines justifies the use of a
tabular form such as the one below, use such a
form. As regards foreign-sponsored motion pic-
tures, indicate the number and distribution, the
audience volume, the source of pictures shown, and
the controlling interest. Include an account of
any news or other information activity that origi-
nates outside the country, e.g., cultural activities
of foreign embassies, radio broadcasts from Cairo
to Arab States, etc. Give a succinct evaluation
NAME, PLACE, AND TIME
OF PUBLICATION
LANGUAGE(S) IN
WHICH PRINTED
CIRCULA-
TION
KEY PERSONNEL
(PUBLISHER, EDITOR, EDITORIAL
WRITERS, ETC.)
COMMENTS
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of the effect upon the population of public informa-
tion and non-political propaganda conveyed by the
above-mentioned foreign-sponsored media. Politi-
cal propaganda should be discussed in SECTION 58,
the emphasis in this section being on media and
their effectiveness rather than on political content.
E. Biographies of key figures in religion, edu-
cation, and public information (optional)
This Subsection should present a succinct state-
ment of essential background data on key people
who have or are likely to have a vital role in these
fields.
F. Comments on principal sources
This Subsection is to serve the following pur-
poses :
1) To provide an evaluation of the principal
source material used in preparing the Section and
thereby inform the user of the general credibility
to be accorded the intelligence contained in the
Section.
2) To indicate those aspects of the subject about
which information is deficient or unavailable and
thereby provide collectors of information with col-
lection targets. In this connection, the principal
sources (not necessarily all sources) actually used
should be indicated.
Section 44. Manpower
A. General
The purpose of this Subsection is to provide an
appropriate approach to a full consideration of
the problem of manpower and its capabilities. It
should not be merely a digest of what follows in
the remainder of the Section. It should present
an evaluative summary in terms of such basic
characteristics as a predominantly agricultural
population with limited adaptation to industry, or
a tradition of significant craft workmanship, or
considerable maturity in mass production. Sea-
sonal migration of working manpower as well as
trends from rural to manufacturing or service oc-
cupation should be discussed. The discussion
should indicate the social framework for labor, in-
cluding any religious or other traditional aspects
affecting both the present and potential status and
productivity of the total work force. The nature
and extent of labor organization should be dis-
cussed as a segment of the total situation. Brief
consideration should be given the amount and ex-
tent of dependency within the population, and the
nature of those groups which outside of the labor
force, may constitute a potential source of man-
power or an obstacle to its fuller utilization.
B. Manpower analysis
In this Subsection a brief but comprehensive ap-
praisal of the labor potential is desired in relation
to the total population and its dependent elements.
(Cross-reference to SECTION 80 and appropriate sec-
tions Of CHAPTER VI.)
1. MANPOWER IN RELATION TO TOTAL
POPULATION
a. GENERAL MANPOWER POSITION - Taking
into account all the pertinent elements in the fol-
lowing Subsection 2, give a brief summary and eval-
uation of manpower potential in relation to the
total population. Show the growth of the labor
force, past and future, and make a comparison
with other countries, where relevant, for propor-
tions of various elements in the labor force (by
sex).
b. RESIDUAL POPULATION - Dependent groups:
infants and other dependent children, old people,
unfit to work, the helplessly crippled and bedrid-
den, the insane and chronically ill, and confined
criminals and prisoners. Estimate the extent and
amount of burden on the working population.
2. LABOR FORCE
It is expected that the following analysis will not
only estimate the size or proportion and occupa-
tional distribution (labor force particularly) but
also will evaluate the capabilities of the various
categories and groups within the labor force.
a. DISTRIBUTION BY INDUSTRY AND OCCUPA-
TION - Where possible show distribution in tabu-
lar form by 1) industry group, 2) occupation, and
3) occupational status (employers, self-employed,
employees). This will include all categories of em-
ployment as well as the armed services. The same
form can not be used for all countries because of
differences in the methods of reporting labor sta-
tistics (e.g., for many countries, breakdowns will
be available for either industry group or occupa-
tion, but not both). The data for each occupa-
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tional group in the table should show number of
males, females, total, percent of total labor force.
Compare the industrial and occupational structure
of the labor force with neighboring or otherwise
relevant countries.
Show the age-sex structure of the labor force
with special reference to young workers, women
and older workers and possible expansion of these
groups when manpower demand requires.
Indicate the significant aspects of geographic
distribution of the workers, especially as to concen-
trations of types of workers and skills in specific
localities. State whether any trades or other activ-
ities are the special province of any particular
religious, ethnic, or other groups.
Analyze the characteristics of the labor supply
as to the proportion of skilled and unskilled work-
ers. Discuss the productivity of labor in agricul-
ture and other important branches of production,
with special reference to human and technological
factors affecting output, e.g., ability and willing-
ness of labor to learn new techniques, interchahge-
ability of manual labor, government and union
restrictions, managerial ability, etc.
b. LABOR RESERVE
(1) Unemployed persons - These are part
of the labor force, are available, but are not actively
employed. They include migrants, refugees, dis-
placed persons, workers laid off through cut-backs,
those in process of changing jobs, unpaid helpers
(dependents, usually family), and victims of mis-
fortune (on relief). Discuss from standpoint of
availability and qualification to work (usability).
(2) Potential reserve - Discuss reserve la-
bor supply : housewives, students, qualified and fit
overage persons, children, under-employed, and
partially disabled and certain types of convicts
and prisoners.
C. Standards and practices of employment
1. UTILIZATION OF POTENTIAL LABOR
SUPPLY
Discuss method and degree of utilization, e.g., is
there a feudal system or not? Is labor used to its
full capacity? Indicate any institutional or other
handicaps affecting labor's efficiency. Unemploy-
ment is one factor which operates against full utili-
zation, and its causes should be briefly discussed.
What industries are most affected?
2. WAGES AND WORKING CONDITIONS
Describe methods of wage determination. Indi-
cate briefly trends of wage rates and real earning,
and the effects on these of government wage-price
policy. Where possible, show the range of wage
rates paid skilled, semi-skilled, and unskilled labor,
and of salaries paid white-collar and professional
workers. Specify wage rates for both men and
women; perhaps also beginners' pay-apprentices,
young workers. Indicate "low-wage" and "high-
wage" industries and trend in the wage gap be-
tween them. In those economies where compensa-
tion is paid wholly or partly in kind, indicate na-
ture of payment. What additions to real income
are derived from such items as social services and
family allowances, old age pensions, sickness in-
surance, etc.? Indicate briefly the character of
working conditions in general and in important
industries. (Indicate items such as standard of
living, etc., covered by cross-reference to Subsec-
tion 46, B).
3. LABOR MARKET, HIRING PRACTICES AND
MOBILITY
Discuss employed methods of recruiting labor
(e.g., the systems of apprenticeship, labor con-
tracts, training with pay, conscription, etc.).
D. Labor relations and organization
1. LABOR RELATIONS AND PROBLEMS
What is the relation between the native employer
and the employee he hires? What are the specific
sources of friction and the causes of problems
which require solution, and what has been the
experience in the handling and eventual resolution
of these problems? Does the government play an
important part in this field? If so, how? Indicate
the extent and character of collective bargaining,
the number and duration of strikes and lockouts,
and methods of dealing with industrial disputes.
Are there significant developments in the form of
industrial councils and boards, labor courts (cross-
reference to SECTION 52), and workshop organiza-
tions? To what extent are employers organized?
Discuss attitudes toward non-union labor and non-
conformity within the organization.
2. ORGANIZATION AND CONTROL OF LABOR
List the national federations of labor organiza-
tions, each with its major constituents and their
separate and total membership. Describe briefly
the characteristic structure, tactics, aims, and poli-
cies of organized labor. Do the unions have any
international affiliations? What is their attitude
toward :
The wage-price policy of the government?
Efforts to increase labor productivity?
Vocational training?
The relocation of industry?
The use of foreign labor?
National defense?
By cross-reference to SECTION 53, indicate briefly
the political affiliations of organized labor and the
political role that it plays. To what extent is there
participation of labor in the formulation of national
political and economic policy? Is labor well stabi-
lized, or is it an element making for unrest within
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the country? Discuss the attitude of the govern-
ment and public opinion toward organized labor.
3. LABOR LEGISLATION AND GOVERNMENT
POLICY
Give a brief, evaluative summary of the nature
and scope of legislation and policy affecting :
The right to organize, strike, and bargain collectively.
Wages, hours, and conditions of employment.
The employment of women and children.
Social insurance (cross-reference to Subsection 46, C).
Is there a government manpower policy-planning,
guidance or control (budgeting, etc.) of turnover,
transfer between industries, etc.? Are regulations
enforced? In this connection a chart showing the
structure of the ministry of labor and its enforce-
ment agencies is desirable.
4. BIOGRAPHIES OF KEY LABOR FIGURES
(optional)
This Subsection should deal with key people who
have or are likely to have a vital role in labor
organization. Biographies of labor leaders with
political standing are to be cross-referenced to
SECTION 59.
E. Comments on principal sources
This Subsection is to serve the following pur-
poses:
1) To provide an evaluation of the principal
source material used in preparing the Section and
thereby inform the user of the general credibility
to be accorded the intelligence contained in the
Section.
2) To indicate those aspects of the subject about
which information is deficient or unavailable and
thereby provide collectors of information with col-
lection targets. In this connection, the principal
sources (not necessarily all sources) actually used
should be indicated.
Section 45. Health and Sanitation
A. General
This Subsection is provided to permit, where ap-
propriate, a preliminary approach to the treatment
of material contained in the remainder of the sec-
tion. It should be brief and may be used in what-
ever manner seems most desirable.
B. Environmental factors affecting health
1. TOPOGRAPHIC AND CLIMATIC FACTORS
This should be a brief account of the relationship
of these factors to the health of the native people
and to the health of an invading force.
2. NUTRITIONAL FACTORS
Include general nutritional status and dietary
habits of the people, native food supply problems
and resources.
3. PLANT AND ANIMAL FACTORS
Include pertinent information concerning poi-
sonous and allergenic plants, animal vectors of dis-
ease, and dangerous wild animals.
C. Public utilities in relation to health
1. WATER
Discuss relation to health, adequacy of available
supplies, vulnerability to contamination. Refrig-
eration.
Discuss available facilities (if any) and native
methods of disposal of human excreta, garbage,
and dry wastes.
D. Diseases
1) Diseases which may affect an invading mili-
tary force. Discuss prevalence of diseases of spe-
cial, potential, and minor military importance.
2) Diseases prevalent among native peoples.
Discuss prevalence of those diseases causing high
morbidity or mortality rates among native peoples.
Include supporting data.
E. Public health administration and practice
Discuss public health regulations (laws, ordi-
nances, quarantine regulations, etc.) ; civilian
health organizations, including per capita expendi-
ture on public health; and military medical organ-
ization.
F. Medical care potential
1. MEDICAL PERSONNEL
Give quantitative data and qualitative appraisal.
2. HOSPITALS
Give quantitative data and qualitative appraisal.
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3. MEDICAL SUPPLIES
Discuss local availability, quality, and suitability.
Include self-sufficiency in pharmaceuticals and
biologicals.
4. INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE
Discuss organization, administration, types of
service, and extent of coverage.
G. Medical training and other institutions
Discuss educational facilities (medical, dental,
nursing, pharmacy, midwifery, veterinary, and
other schools), and laboratories for clinical diag-
nostic work and pharmaceutical manufacturing.
H. Medical research and development
Discuss available resources in medical science
manpower; available teaching and laboratory facil-
ities; significant current research projects; and
ability to synthesize drugs which normally are
imported.
L Comments on principal sources
This Subsection is to serve the following pur-
poses:
1) To provide an evaluation of the principal
source material used in preparing the Section and
thereby inform the user of the general credibility
to be accorded the intelligence contained in the
Section.
2) To indicate those aspects of the subject about
which information is deficient or unavailable and
thereby provide collectors of information with col-
lection targets. In this connection, the principal
sources (not necessarily all sources) actually used
should be indicated.
Section 46. Public Welfare
A. General
This Subsection should provide an appropriate
approach to the material contained in the remain-
der of the section. It should include a brief state-
ment of the level of public welfare and its relation-
ship to national strength or weakness and unity or
disunity. It should not be merely a digest of what
follows.
B. Standards of living
Indicate significant differences from U.S. in type
and adequacy of diet, clothing, and housing, includ-
ing such items as electrification, running water,
plumbing, heating, etc. Are there major class and
regional variations?
Discuss differences between actual levels of living
and accepted standards of adequacy. Is this gap
a cause of general unrest and discontent? (Cross-
reference to Subsection 44, C.)
C. Social problems
This Subsection should cover any major social
problem not discussed elsewhere. Have living con-
ditions and other sources of tension created note-
worthy social problems; such as extensive slums or
excessive rates of crime, juvenile delinquency, beg-
ging, vagabondage, etc.?
D. Social security
This Subsection should deal with important pub-
lic and private efforts to protect and assist those in
need of help, including unemployment and other
social insurance, old age pensions, maternity aid,
aid to dependent children, aid to the aged and
physically handicapped, provisions for emergency
relief, etc. The discussion should include an ap-
praisal of the public conscience in regard to pov-
erty, disease and unemployment. Is the society
consciously pursuing higher standards, and if so,
what ideals of social welfare are dominant?
E. Comments on principal sources
This Subsection is to serve the following pur-
poses:
1) To provide an evaluation of the principal
source material used in preparing the Section and
thereby inform the user of the general credibility
to be accorded the intelligence contained in the
Section.
2) To indicate those aspects of the subject about
which information is deficient or unavailable and
thereby provide collectors of information with
collection targets. In this connection, the princi-
pal sources (not necessarily all sources) actually
used should be indicated.
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JTJ 1955
SOCIOLOGICAL
Section ZOO Introduction
Section 41 Population
Section 42 Characteristics of the People
Section 43 Religion, Education, and
Ytzolic Information
Section 4 Manpower
Section 46 Welfare
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JUNE 1955 SOCIOLOGICAL
Section i.1. Population
Size, composition, end geographic ctistri.hntLon
1