NATIONAL INTELLIGENCE SURVEY STANDARD INSTRUCTIONS

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP79-01055A000200040001-4
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: C
• Document Page Count: 42
• Document Creation Date: November 9, 2016
• Document Release Date: June 12, 1998
• Sequence Number: 1
• Publication Date: June 1, 1951
• Content Type: NIS

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Security Information
NATIONAL INTELLIGENCE SURVEY
STANDARD INSTRUCTIONS
NATURE, PURPOSE, AND SCOPE
OF THE NIS PROGRAM
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
Washington, D. C.
DOCUMENT NO. _
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JUNE 1951
Nature, Purpose, and Scope of the NIS Program
Authority for the NIS Program
The National Intelligence Survey (NIS) Pro-
gram was established pursuant to National Secu-
rity Council Intelligence Directive No. 3, 13 Janu-
ary 1948. This directive provides that :
An outline of all basic intelligence required
by the Government shall be prepared by the Cen-
tral Intelligence Agency (CIA) in collaboration
with other appropriate agencies.
This outline shall be broken down into
chapters, sections, and subsections which shall be
allocated as production and maintenance respon-
sibilities to CIA and those other Government agen-
cies best qualified by reason of their intelligence
requirements, production capabilities, and domi-
nant interest to assume these responsibilities.
This basic intelligence shall be compiled and
continuously maintained in National Intelligence
Survey to cover foreign countries, areas, or broad
special subjects, as appropriate.
The NIS shall be disseminated in such form
as may be determined by the Director of Central
Intelligence (DCI) and the agencies concerned.
The DCI shall be responsible for coordinat-
ing the production and maintenance and for ac-
complishing the editing, publication, and dissemi-
nation of the NIS and shall make such requests
on the agencies as are necessary for the proper
development and maintenance of the NIS.
Departments or agencies to be called on
for contributions to this undertaking may include
agencies other than those represented permanently
in the Intelligence Advisory Committee (IAC).
Basic Concepts of the NIS Program
The NIS is a concise digest of basic intelli-
gence required by the Department of Defense for
strategic planning and high level operational plan-
ning, and by the Department of State for use in
formulating and executing U.S. foreign policy. It
also serves other Government agencies which re-
quire it for the accomplishment of their missions.
In general, the intelligence contained in NIS is
concerned with the relatively permanent features
and fundamental characteristics of a country, area,
or broad special subject, and covers such fields as
the geographical, political, economic, military,
scientific, and sociological aspects of the country
or area or the fundamental aspects of the broad
special subject.
The NIS Program has two phases : 1) the initial
production of NIS on countries or areas in accord-
ance with JCS priorities and Intelligence Agency
capabilities and 2) the continuous maintenance
of such NIS.
The objective of the first phase is to pro-
duce integrated basic intelligence studies of all
pertinent aspects of the countries or areas within
the limits of available information and intelligence
on countries or areas.
The objective of the second phase is to keep
up to date the basic intelligence contained in
the published NIS, to fill gaps in this intelligence,
and to improve the presentation of material in NIS
originally produced. It is the responsibility of
agencies having dominant interest to place each
NIS element actively on a maintenance basis as
soon as the element has been initially produced.
This phase of the program is to continue indefi-
nitely. Revisions will be published as required.
Both phases of the NIS Program require an
over-all collection effort covering all important
foreign countries and areas of the world simul-
taneously.
If information is available to undertake an
NIS of lower priority than one on which ade-
quate material is not available, the NIS of lower
priority will be produced and will not be held in
abeyance pending the availability of material for
the NIS of higher priority.
While the aim of the collection effort will
be to enable the production of complete and re-
liable published NIS, it must be recognized that
the production and maintenance program requires
information in greater detail than the intelligence
which appears in the published NIS.
New information will be continuously processed
so that the intelligence on hand will be constantly
up to date and ready for use.
The NIS Program must be flexible in order
to meet the basic intelligence requirements of the
Joint Chiefs of Staff. To this end it may be neces-
sary to produce and disseminate separate chapters
or sections of any NIS.
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NATURE, PURPOSE, AND SCOPE
Standard Instructions for NIS
The Standard Instructions for National Intelli-
gence Surveys contain outlines of basic intelligence
requirements, allocations of responsibility for pro-
duction, and instructions for the production of this
intelligence. These Standard Instructions were
prepared by a joint committee of representatives
of the Director of Central Intelligence and the
Chiefs of Intelligence Agencies of the Departments
of State, the Army, the Navy, and the Air Force;
were concurred in by the Intelligence Advisory
Committee; and were approved by the National
Security Council.
The outlines and outline guides are so drafted
as to cover all the basic intelligence aspects of the
most complex foreign country or area. However,
the appropriate treatment of any topic included in
the outlines and outline guides is determined by
the sense in which and the extent to which that
topic applies to the particular country or area
under consideration. Thus, the outlines and out-
line guides should be adapted to the country or
area on which the NIS is being produced.
The Standard Instructions prescribe the basic
procedures to be followed in producing and main-
taining all NIS. They cannot, however, cover all
contingencies. Hence, when cogent reasons exist,
the instructions may be modified or supplemented
to permit appropriate treatment of any topic.
Content of an NIS
An NIS is divided into chapters, each of
which treats a major functional aspect of the coun-
try or area under consideration. These chapters
are divided into sections, each of which treats a
major subdivision of the field covered by the chap-
ter. The section is so designed as to permit it to
serve as the basic unit of production and mainte-
nance and so enhance the flexibility of the NIS
Program. The NIS chapters are as follows:
Chapter
I
Brief
Chapter
II
Military Geography
Chapter
III
Transportation and Telecommunica-
tions
Chapter
IV
Sociological
Chapter
V
Political
Chapter
VI
Economic
Chapter
VII
Scientific
Chapter
VIII
Armed Forces
Chapter
IX
Map and Chart Appraisal
Certain topics involving numerous details
are given general treatment in appropriate sections
of NIS chapters and full treatment in supplements.
Supplements are prepared only if the topic in ques-
tion is sufficiently important in an NIS Area to
warrant this detailed treatment. There are, at
present, the following five supplements :
NIS Supplement No. I Ports and Naval Facilities
NIS Supplement No. II Air Facilities
NIS Supplement No. III Telecommunications
NIS Supplement No. IV Urban Areas
NIS Supplement No. V Petroleum
The Special NIS on Marine Climate and
Oceanography divides the world sea areas into
ocean basins. These ocean basins are further sub-
divided into Parts, each of which is comparable to
a chapter in the other NIS. The production unit
is a Part, each of which will consist of three sec-
tions. Ocean basins are designated as follows:
NIS 104
Atlantic Basin
12 Parts
NIS 105
Pacific Basin
12 Parts
NIS 106
Indian Basin
4 Parts
NIS 107
Arctic Basin
1 Part
NIS 108
Antarctic Basin
1 Part
A gazetteer will be published for each NIS
Area.
The geographic areas covered by the NIS
are generally defined by political boundaries. In
CHAPTERS II (Military Geography), however, areas
are determined in terms of natural geographic
units.
In some instances, it is desirable to define
the geographic area in terms of natural boundaries.
For example, since the Iberian Peninsula, includ-
ing the approaches into the Pyrenees from France,
forms a natural geographic concept, it should be
considered geographically as a whole. Thus, the
geographic treatment of this area would serve as
CHAPTER II for both NIS Portugal and NIS Spain.
Conversely, the area included within politi-
cal boundaries may be so extensive as to embrace
several natural geographic units. Examples of
such areas are the U.S.S.R. and China. CHAPTERS
II for these areas would consist of several Parts,
each treating a natural geographic unit.
In addition, it will be necessary to transcend
political boundaries in many instances in order
to obtain comprehensive treatment of certain
functional aspects, such as transportation and
ports and naval facilities; and such procedure
should be followed wherever necessary.
The scope of each chapter, supplement, and
Special NIS is outlined in detail under the Outline
Guides in this volume. Chapter and section out-
line guides in general include initial comments
relative to content of the unit as a whole which are
not repeated with but are pertinent to the detailed
outlines for individual sections and subsections.
The following standard definitions apply explicitly
to CHAPTERS II-IX and by implication to CHAP-
TER I:
a) The first section of each chapter is uni-
formly entitled Introduction. This section is not
a summary of the basic intelligence contained in
the remainder of the chapter or an explanation of
the organization of the chapter. Rather, it pre-
sents an analysis of the basic intelligence contained
in the chapter. It also presents general aspects
which cannot be treated adequately elsewhere in
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JUNE 1951 NATURE, PURPOSE, AND SCOPE
the chapter. For example, the organization and
functions of the high command are covered in SEC-
TION 80 (Introduction to CHAPTER VIII, Armed
Forces) because this topic cannot be adequately
treated in the subsequent sections of CHAPTER VIII.
The chapter outline guides indicate the nature and
scope of the treatment to be accorded the Intro-
duction of each chapter.
b) The first subsection of each section is
uniformly entitled General. This subsection is
provided to permit a proper approach to the treat-
ment of material contained in the remainder of
the section.
c) The last subsection of most sections is
uniformly entitled Comments on Principal
Sources. This subsection is to serve the following
purposes :
To provide an evaluation of the principal source mate-
rial used in preparing the section and thereby in-
form the user of the general credibility to be ac-
corded the intelligence contained in the section.
To indicate those aspects of the subject about which
information is deficient or unavailable and thereby
provide collectors of information with collection
targets. In this connection, the principal sources
(not necessarily all sources) actually used should
be indicated.
Summary of agency functions
1. GENERAL
Where one agency is responsible for a sec-
tion of a chapter or a subsection of a section which
is being coordinated by another agency, working
level liaison shall be maintained. All communica-
tions of a policy or requirements nature to the
agency preparing the section or subsection will be
passed through intelligence command channels.
In all instances working level coordination
among agencies concerned will include the follow-
ing:
Exchange, where applicable, of drafts of completed
draft sections in order to resolve inconsistencies
among sections and detect gaps in over-all cover-
age.
Informal coordination in compiling specific subsec-
tions which are assigned as the responsibility of
one agency but impinge upon the field of interest
of another.
2. NIS COMMITTEE
The NIS Committee consists of represent-
atives of the Director of Central Intelligence and
the Chiefs of the Intelligence Agencies of the De-
partments of State, the Army, the Navy, and the
Air Force. The representative of the Director of
Central Intelligence is ex officio chairman of the
committee. It also includes an advisory member
from the Joint Staff who shall be thoroughly
familiar with the basic intelligence requirements
of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS), keep the JCS
informed of the progress of the NIS Program, and
keep the NIS Committee informed of changes in
the JCS requirements.
The NIS Committee
functions :
performs the following
Considers and recommends for Intelligence
Agency approval over-all policies for the NIS Pro-
gram.
Determines the scope and treatment of each NIS
to be produced.
Allocates responsibility for production and main-
tenance of NIS in accordance with the intelligence
requirements, production capabilities, and domi-
nant interest of the Intelligence Agencies con-
cerned.
Establishes NIS production and maintenance
schedules based upon JCS priorities and agency
capabilities.
Promulgates procedures and instructions for the
preparation, review, editing, and submission of NIS
contributions.
Recommends to CIA measures necessary for the
coordination of the NIS Program.
3. CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
The Central Intelligence Agency performs the
following functions:
Provides over-all coordination of the NIS Pro-
gram.
Produces those elements of NIS allocated to it for
production by the NIS Committee.
Furnishes certain common services
best be done centrally.
Edits NIS contributions, provides advisory sub-
stantive review, and arranges for the publication
of NIS.
Disseminates NIS in accordance with Intelligence
Agency agreements.
4. IAC AGENCIES
The IAC Agencies (State, Army, Navy, and Air
Force) perform the following functions:
Provide a member and alternate members
of the NIS Committee. This member repre-
sents, and speaks for, the Chief of the Intelligence
Agency of the Department from which he is ac-
credited.
Produce and maintain the NIS elements which
have been allocated by the NIS Committee
as production responsibilities.
Implement collection effort which may be re-
quired for NIS production and maintenance.
5. NON-IAC AGENCIES
The non-IAC Agencies
functions :
perform the following
Produce and maintain portions of NIS when
explicitly assigned that responsibility by the
NIS Committee or by an Intelligence Agency with
the approval of that Committee.
Furnish Intelligence Agencies with material
for integration into NIS by those agencies.
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Security Information
NATIONAL INTELLIGENCE SURVEY
STANDARD INSTRUCTIONS
ALLOCATION OF RESPONSIBILITY FOR
PREPARATION OF NIS
Washington, D. C.
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JUNE 1951
Allocation of Responsibility for Preparation of NIS
Neither the following allocations nor any interpretation thereof shall negate
the basic principle that each department is responsible for the production
of that intelligence which is responsive to its departmental mission.
Section 10-Introduction
11-Strategic Significance of the NIS Area
12-Military Geography
13-Transportation and Telecommunications
14-Sociological
15-Political
16-Economic
17-Scientific
18-Armed Forces
19-Map and Chart Appraisal
Section 20-Introduction
21-Military Geographic Regions
22-Coasts and Landing Beaches
23-Weather and Climate
24-Topography
25-Urban Areas
Section 30-Introduction
31-Railway
32-Highway
33-Inland Waterway
34-Petroleum Pipeline (treated in Sub-
section 62, C and Supplement V)
35-Ports and Naval Facilities
36-Merchant Marine
37-Civil Air
38-Telecommunications
Section 40-Introduction
41-Population
42-Characteristics of the People
43-Religion, Education, and Public Information
44-Manpower
45-Health and Sanitation
46-Public Welfare
CIA
CIA (with joint assistance)
Army (with joint assistance)
Army (with joint assistance)
State (with joint assistance)
State
State (with joint assistance)
CIA (with joint assistance)
Army (with joint assistance)
CIA (with joint assistance)
Army (with joint assistance)
Army
Navy (with Army assistance)
Joint Meteorological Committee
Army
Army
Army (with joint assistance)
Army
Army
Army
Joint Army-Navy
Navy
Air Force (with Navy participation)
Army
State
State (with Army assistance)
State
State
State
Army
State
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ALLOCATIONS
Section 50-Introduction
51-The Constitutional System
52-Structure of the Government
53-Political Dynamics
54-Public Order and Safety
55-National Policies
56-Intelligence and Security
57-Subversive
58-Propaganda
59-Biographies of Key Personalities
Section 60-Introduction
61-Agriculture and Food
D. Electric power
63-Minerals and Metals
64-Manufacturing and Construction
A. General
B. Industrial machinery and equipment
C. Motor vehicles (including tanks, self-pro-
pelled guns, etc.)
D. Aircraft production
E. Shipbuilding
IT. Explosives, industrial and military
G. Guns, explosive devices, and ammunition
H. Other military equipment and supplies
(including war gases and smoke prep-
arations)
I. Telecommunications, signal and lighting
equipment
J. Chemical industries
K. Agricultural processing industries
L. Fibers, fabrics, and rubber
M. Construction industries
N. Other industries
0. Comments on principal sources
CHAPTER VII-SCIENTIFIC
Section 70-Introduction
State
State
State
State
State
State (with joint assistance)
CIA (with joint assistance)
State (with joint assistance)
State
State
State (with joint assistance)
State (with the assistance of the De-
partment of Agriculture and the
Fish and Wildlife Service, Depart-
ment of the Interior)
State (with assistance of the Depart-
ment of the Interior)
Army
State (with the assistance of the De-
partment of the Interior)
Army
State
State (primary responsibility)
Army
Air Force (with Navy participation)
Navy
Army (with joint assistance)
Army (with joint assistance)
Army (with joint assistance)
Army (with joint assistance)
State
State
State
State
State
State (with joint assistance)
CIA is to produce final draft with con-
tributions from Navy and Air Force;
guidance from Army and State.
CIA to coordinate through the JEIC
the final draft based upon contribu-
tions from all intelligence agencies.
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JUNE 1951 ALLOCATIONS
CHAPTER VII-SCIENTIFIC (Continued)
72-Air, Ground, and Naval Weapons
73-Atomic Energy
74-Biological Warfare (BW)
75-Chemical Warfare (CW)
76-Miscellaneous
CHAPTER VIII-ARMED FORCES
Section 80-Introduction
81-Ground Forces
82-Naval Forces
83-Air Forces
91-Selected Maps, Charts, and Plans
A. General
B. Physical maps, navigation charts of urban
areas
C. Maps of transportation and communica-
tions
D. Sociological, political, and economic maps
E. Special armed forces maps
92-Appraisal of Selected Maps, Charts, and Plans
SUPPLEMENT I-PORTS AND NAVAL FACILITIES
SUPPLEMENT II-AIR FACILITIES
SUPPLEMENT III-TELECOMMUNICATIONS
CIA to coordinate, through SIC work-
ing committees where practicable,
the final draft with contributions
on:
Guided missiles and aircraft from
the Air Force;
Ground weapons from the Army;
Naval weapons from the Navy.
CIA to coordinate through the JAEIC
the final draft with contributions
from other intelligence agencies.
CIA to coordinate through JBWIC
and JCWIC, respectively, the final
drafts based upon contributions
from Army and from other intelli-
gence agencies.
CIA to coordinate through JBWIC
and JCWIC, respectively, the final
drafts based upon contributions
from Army and from other intelli-
gence agencies.
CIA to produce final draft based upon
contributions from other intelli-
gence agencies.
Army (with joint assistance)
Army
Navy
Air Force (with Navy participation)
CIA (as coordinating staff for mate-
rial received from Army, Navy, Air
Force, and MATS)
CIA-SECTION COORDINATOR
CIA
Army, Navy, Air Force, MATS
Army, Navy, Air Force, CIA
CIA
Army, Navy, Air Force
CIA (as coordinating staff for mate-
rial received from Army, Navy, Air
Force, and MATS)
JOINT ARMY-NAVY
AIR FORCE (with Navy participation)
ARMY
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SUPPLEMENT IV-URBAN AREAS
SUPPLEMENT V--PETROLEUM
STATE (with assistance of the Depart-
ment of the Interior)
Section 1-Introduction Navy
2-Marine Climate Navy (with assistance of the Air
Force)
3-Oceanography Navy
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Security Information
NATIONAL INTELLIGENCE SURVEY
STANDARD INSTRUCTIONS
NIS AREAS
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
Washington, D. C.
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JUNE 1951
NIS Areas
SHORT
25, X&ALE
NIS 2 Ireland (Eire)
NIS 3 France
NIS 4 Netherlands
NIS 5 Belgium
NIS 6 Luxembourg
NIS 7 Denmark
NIS 8 Portugal
NIS 9 Spain
NIS 10 Norway
NIS 11 Sweden
2` OPj2 Finland
NIS 15 Switzerland
NIS 16 Austria
NIS 17 Italy
NIS 18 Czechoslovakia
NIS 19 Hungary
NIS 20 Albania
NIS 21 Yugoslavia
NIS 22 Rumania
NIS 23 Bulgaria
NIS 24 Greece
NIS 25 Cyprus, Malta,
Gibraltar
NIS 27 Turkey
NIS 28 Syria and Lebanon
20 Jordan
NIS
g
2 W, 30 Iraq
Republic of Ireland
France and Monaco
Netherlands
Belgium
Luxembourg
Denmark, including the Faeroe Islands.
Portugal, including the Azores, Madeira and Cape
Verde Islands.
Spain and Andorra
Norway
Sweden
Finland
Poland, within 1945 boundaries and limits of ad-
ministration, including the former Free City of
Danzig, and the portions of Germany under
Polish administration.
Switzerland and Liechtenstein
Austria
Italy, San Marino, and the Free Territory of
Trieste.
Czechoslovakia
Hungary
Albania
Yugoslavia
Rumania
Bulgaria
Greece
and Cyprus, Maltese Islands, and Gibraltar.
U.S.S.R., within 1945-1947 boundaries and limits
of administration, including the three Baltic
states, northern East Prussia, Tannu Tuva, and
the Kuril and Sakhalin Islands.
Turkey
Syria and Lebanon
Jordan, excluding Arab Palestine.
Ira
NIS Areas 1-2
NIS Area 3
NIS Areas 4-6
NIS Areas 4-6
NIS Areas 4-6
NIS Area 7
NIS Areas 8-9
NIS Areas 8-9
NIS Areas 10-11
NIS Areas 10-11
NIS Area 12
NIS Areas 15-16
NIS Areas 15-16
NIS Area 17
NIS Area 18
NIS Areas 19-21
NIS Areas 19-21
NIS Areas 19-21
NIS Areas 22-23
NIS Areas 22-23
NIS Area 24
NIS Area 25
NIS Area 26:
Part I-European U.S.S.R. within 1945-
1947 boundaries and limits of adminis-
tration, including three Baltic States,
northern East Prussia.
Part II-Soviet Central Asia.
fart III-Urals and West Siberian Plain
including Tannu Tuva.
]'art I V-Central and Eastern Siberia in-
cluding Kuril and Sakhalin Islands.
Part Y-The Caucasus, including Soviet
trans-Caucasus.
NIS Area 27
NIS Areas 28-31
NIS Areas 28-31
NIS Areas 28-31
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NIS AREAS
SHORT
TITLE
NIS 32 Arabian Peninsula Arabian Peninsula, including Saudi Arabia, Kuwait,
Kuwait-Saudi Arabia Neutral Zone, Iraq-Saudi
Arabia Neutral Zone, Bahrein, Qatar, Trucial
Oman, Muscat and Oman, Yemen, Aden Colony
and Protectorate.
NIS 33 Iran
NIS 34 Afghanistan
NIS 35 India
NIS 37 Ceylon
NIS 38 Burma
NIS 39 China
NIS 41 Korea
NIS 42 Thailand
NIS 43 Indochina
NIS 44 British Indonesia
25X6A
NIS 46 Tunisia
NIS 47 Algeria
NIS 48 Morocco
NIS 49 Libya
NIS 50 West Africa
Approved F
Iran
Afghanistan
India, including Jammu and Kashmir, Nepal,
Bhutan, and Portuguese and French territories
in India, Andaman, Laccadive and Nicobar
Islands.
East and West Pakistan (excluding Jammu and
Kashmir), and including the Oman settlement
of Gwadar.
Ceylon
Burma
China, including Hong Kong and Macao.
Mongolia (Outer Mongolia or thQ "Mongolian
People's Republic").
Korea
Thailand
Indochina, the Paracel Islands, Spratley Island and
other disputed islands and reefs in South China
Sea south of Paracel Islands.
Federation of Malaya, Singapore, Sarawak, Brunei,
and North Borneo.
Tunisia
Algeria
French Morocco, Spanish Morocco (northern Span-
ish zone in Morocco), Ifni, and International
Zone of Tangier.
Libya
French West Africa, Spanish Sahara (Rio de Oro,
including the southern Spanish zone in Moroc-
co), Portuguese Guinea, Gambia, Sierra Leone,
Gold Coast, British Togoland, French Togoland,
Nigeria and British Cameroons.
NIS Area 33
NIS Area 34
NIS Area 35:
Part I-Northern India, including Jammu
and Kashmir, Nepal, and Bhutan, the
Portuguese territory in northern India,
all of Pakistan and the Oman settle-
ment of Gwadar.
Part II-Peninsular India, including the
Portuguese and French territories in
Peninsular India.
NIS Area 37
NIS Area 38
NIS Area 39:
Part I-Western China and Mongolia
Part II-Manchuria
Part III-North China
Part I V-South China, including Taiwan,
Hong Kong, and Macao
NIS Area 40 (Same as NIS Area 39,
Part I)
NIS Area 41
NIS Area 42
NIS Area 43
NIS Areas 46-48
NIS Areas 46-48
NIS Areas 46-48
NIS Area 49
NIS Area 50:
Part I-French West Africa except terri-
torieslisted under Part II below, Span-
ish Sahara (Rio de Oro, including south-
ern Spanish zone in Morocco), Gam-
bia, Portuguese Guinea, Sierra Leone.
Part II-The following parts of French
West Africa: Ivory Coast and Dahomy
and the following other areas: Liberia,
Gold Coast, British Togoland, French
Togoland, Nigeria and British Camer-
oons.
NIS Area 51 (Same as NIS Area 50,
Part II)
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JUNE 1951 NIS AREAS
SHORT
TITLE
French Equatorial Africa, French Cameroons,
Spanish Guinea (including Rio Muni), and Ca-
binda.
NIS 53 Egypt Egypt
NIS 54 Anglo-Egyptian Sudan Anglo-Egyptian Sudan
NIS 55 Ethiopia, Eritrea and Ethiopia, Eritrea, British, French and Italian So-
the Somalilands maliland.
NIS 56 British East Africa Kenya, Uganda, Tanganyika, Zanzibar Protecto-
rate.
NIS 57 Rhodesia and Nyasa- Northern Rhodesia, Southern Rhodesia, Nyasa-
land land.
NIS 58 Mozambique Mozambique
NIS 59 Angola Angola
NIS 60 Belgian Congo Belgian Congo and Ruanda-Urundi.
NIS 61 South Africa Union of South Africa, South-West Africa, Bech-
uanaland, Swaziland and Basutoland.
NIS 62 Madagascar Madagascar
NIS 63 Indian Ocean Islands All outlying islands in the Indian Ocean, sout.llward
to 60? S. latitude, except islands covered in NIS
NIS 67
NIS 68
24,
p,~9
Greenland
Iceland
North Polar Area
NIS 71 Guatemala
NIS 72 British Honduras
NIS 73 Honduras
NIS 76 Costa Rica
NIS 77 Panama
NIS 78 Cuba
NIS 79 Haiti
NIS 80 Dominican Republic
NIS 81 British Possessions in
the Caribbean
NIS 82 Dutch Possessions in
the Caribbean
NIS 83 French Possessions in
the Caribbean
NIS 84 U.S. Possessions in the
Caribbean
32, 35, 37, 55, 56, 62, and 100.
All outlying islands in the Atlantic Ocean between
10? N. latitude and 60? S. latitude and the South
Orkney and South Shetland Island groups, but
excluding islands covered by NIS 52.
Greenland
Iceland
North Polar Area
NIS Area 53
NIS Area 5.1
NIS Area 55
NIS Areas 57--58
NIS Area,, 59-60
NIS Areas 59-60
NIS Area (it
NIS Area 62
NIS Area 63
NIS Area 67
NIS Area 68
N IS Area 69
Guatemala
British Honduras
Honduras, including territory north of the Sego-
via River and islands possibly subject to Nicara-
guan claims.
Salvador, including small areas claimed by Hon-
duras.
Nicaragua, including territory south of the
Segovia It.
Costa Rica
Panama
Cuba
Haiti
Dominican Republic
All islands and bays under British sovereignty in
the Caribbean, and the Bahama Is. and Bermuda.
All Caribbean islands under Netherlands sovereign-
ty, including part of St. Martin I.
All Caribbean islands under French sovereignty,
including part of St. Martin I.
All Caribbean islands under U.S. sovereignty or
claim, and islands where U.S. has lease or treaty
rights.
NIS Areas 71-77
NIS Areas 71--77
NIS Areas 71-77
NIS Area.,, 71-77
NIS Area,., 71-77
NIS Areas 71-77
NIS Areas 71-77
NIS Areas 78-84:
Part I-Greater Antilles, Bermuda and
Bahama Is.
I'art II -Lesser Antilles
NIS Areas 78-84
NIS Areas 78-84
NIS Areas 78-84
NIS Areas 78-84
NIS Areas 78-84
NIS Areas 78-84
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NIS AREAS
SHORT
TITLE
NIS 85 Colombia Colombia NIS Areas 85-86
NIS 86 Venezuela Venezuela NIS Areas 85-86
NIS 87 Ecuador Ecuador and small area on eastern border disputed NIS Areas 87-88
with Peru.
NIS 88 Peru Peru NIS Areas 87-88
NIS 89 Chile Chile, including Pacific Islands east of 90? W. NIS Area 89
longitude and islands south of Tierra del Fuego
disputed with Argentina.
Argentina, including river islands disputed with
Uruguay.
NIS 91 Uruguay Uruguay NIS Areas 90-91
NIS 92 Paraguay Paraguay NIS Areas 92-93
NIS 93 Bolivia Bolivia NIS Areas 92-93
NIS 94 Brazil Brazil NIS Area 94:
Part I-Southeast Brazil
Part II-Northwest Brazil
2M?1%5 The Guianas The Guianas (British, French, Dutch)
NIS 98 Hawaiian Islands Hawaiian Islands, including Johnston I. but ex-
cluding islands in NIS 103.
NIS 99 Philippine Is. Philippine Is. NIS Area 99
NIS 100 Indonesia Indonesia, including all of the former Netherlands NIS Area 100
Indies and Portuguese Timor.
NIS 101 West Pacific Islands All islands in the Trust Territory of the Pacific
Islands, and the islands of Marcus and Wake.
NIS 102 Southwest Pacific Is- Papua, Trust Territory of New Guinea, British
lands Solomon Islands, New Hebrides, New Cale-
donia and dependencies, Fiji Is., Tonga Is.,
Gilbert and Ellice Is. and lesser adjacent islands,
but not including islands covered by NIS 96,
97, and 103.
NIS 103 South Pacific Islands Phoenix, Tokelau, Samoa, Cook and Line island
groups, and adjacent islands, the French Estab-
lishments in Oceania, Pitcarin and adjacent
British islands, and Chilean islands west of 90?
W. longitude.
(Oceanography and Marine Climate)
NIS 104
Atlantic Basin
Atlantic Ocean
NIS Area 104
NIS 105
Pacific Basin
Pacific Ocean
NIS Area 105
NIS 106
Indian Basin
Indian Ocean
NIS Area 106
NIS 107
Arctic Basin
Arctic Ocean
NIS Area 107
NIS 108
Antarctic Basin
Antarctic Ocean
NIS Area 108
 25X6A
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 Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP79-01055A000200040001-4
Security Information
NATIONAL INTELLIGENCE SURVEY
STANDARD INSTRUCTIONS
EDITORIAL INSTRUCTIONS
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
Washington, D. C.
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 Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP79-01055A000200040001-4
JUNE 1951 L
EDITORIAL INSTRUCTIONS
CONTENTS
Page
A. Transmittal of material . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1. Letter of transmittal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
2. Manuscript . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
3. Graphic material . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
B. Text specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1. Typing of text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
2. Text headings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
3. References to figures and text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
4. Quotations and extract matter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
5. Sample pages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
6. Footnotes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
7. Reference to sources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
C. Tabular specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1. Tabulations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2. Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
3. Typing of tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
4. Titles and figure numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
5. Stubs and column headings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
6. Footnotes and source references . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
7. Conventional entries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
8. Statistical totals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
9. Table construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
D. Graphic specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
1. General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
2. Photographs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
3. Maps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
E. General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
1. NIS Supplement specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
2. Classification and control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
3. Treatment of names . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
4. Technical terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
5. Statistical data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
6. Return of material . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
7. Editorial style . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
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 Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP79-01055A000200040001-4
JUNE 1951
Editorial Instructions
NIS material delivered to the Basic Intelligence
Division (D/B), CIA requires a letter of transmit-
tal (original and 2 copies). The letter itemizes
the number of pages of text and table manuscript,
table of contents and other typed material sub-
mitted, and indicates any omission of material or
other deviation from standard procedure. The let-
ter specifies control aspects of material involved.
The letter of transmittal also indicates the number
of extra copies of insert maps which the contrib-
utor desires run without NIS reference lines (the
number not to exceed 10 copies of each map except
by special arrangement), the minimum classifica-
tion for each map if run without the NIS refer-
ences, and any special restrictions concerning ad-
ditional runs and distribution by CIA for other
than NIS purposes.
2. MANUSCRIPT
NIS manuscript is submitted in 5 complete as-
sembled copies. Each of the 5 assembled sets of
manuscript includes in sequence 1) title page, 2)
table of contents, 3) text, 4) tables, 5) caption list,
and 6) list of any border information.
Pagination begins with the first page of text of
each Section and is consecutive throughout the
manuscript (including each page of the tables,
which follow the text in sequence of figure num-
bers). Pagination is by other means than a num-
bering machine, which is reserved for use in D/B
processing.
Manuscript with more than nominal alterations
is not acceptable. Text or tabular material Photo-
statted or similarly reproduced from printed or
other material must be in positive print form and
legible in approximately typewriter elite size.
The supporting items, typed triple space, are as
follows :
TITLE PAGE, containing Chapter or Supplement
number and title, Section number and title, and
the statement: "This is a preliminary draft of
Section , NIS . It has not been finally
edited or reconciled with other NIS sections and
should not be reproduced. This Section has been
approved for use in the NIS by the (agency),
(month, year). This is the uniform date for the
entire section and will appear on each page of the
published section."
TABLE OF CONTENTS for each section, including all
headings and subheads used in text according to
the style given in "Text specifications." For Sup-
plements, or when entire chapters are submitted,
a separate table of contents extending through No.
2 heads of all sections also is included. Each sec-
tion table of contents is immediately followed by
a LIST of FIGURES which lists in sequence all figures
with the following details for each: Figure number
as determined by sequence in tentative placement,
category identification (Table, Photo, Aerial, Chart,
Diagram, Plan, Map), and the caption as it ap-
pears with the figure or in appropriate short-title
form. This LIST OF FIGURES is immediately fol-
lowed by a contributor statement, as approved by
the NIS Committee, showing the agency or agen-
cies contributing to and responsible for prepara-
tion of the material.
CAPTION LIST (required for typesetting of all cap-
tions). Figure numbers for all tables and graphics
are listed in sequence with exact wording of the
caption as attached to the figure. When appli-
cable, the list of captions is followed by a border
information list, listing in sequence each insert
map figure number with exact wording of the
border information as specified in "Graphic specifi-
cations," and indicating which maps have apron
material.
3. GRAPHIC MATERIAL
Graphic material, including photographs, is as-
sembled separately from manuscript, in 4 complete
sets with each item in sequence. The 4 copies of
each item consist of an original and 3 copies of all
black and white material, and 4 color proofs for
multicolor graphic material. The original plates
of multicolor maps are retained by contributor
until receipt of memorandum from D/B. These
originals are then forwarded as directed by D/B for
final reproduction.
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oft"Nom EDITORIAL INSTRUCTIONS
B. Text specifications
1. TYPING OF TEXT
Text is submitted in 5 copies, typed on one side
only, with the original on substantial 8 x 121/2
bond paper. Duplicating process may be used if
submitted copies are thoroughly legible. Text is
typed triple space. All paragraphs without head-
ings begin with 5-space indent. Normal capital-
ization is used throughout (including headings),
without use of continuous capitalization or of un-
derlining except for foreign or other terms to be
italicized. The last word of a typed line is always
a complete word, avoiding ending any line with
a hyphen. Manuscript conforms to the sample
pages, with margins as shown. Each manuscript
page, as shown, includes in top margin the name of
the agency of primary responsibility, date (manu-
script completion date, for processing control pur-
poses only), classification, NIS number and sec-
tion number. The first page of text includes the
section number and title. Text pages are num-
bered consecutively within each section (not using
a numbering machine, which is reserved for D/B
processing).
2. TEXT HEADINGS
Headings used in NIS text material are as fol-
lows :
(Grade of head,
not typed in ms.)
II. Military Geography (Chapter title)
22. Coasts and Landing Beaches (Section title)
A. General (No. 1)
1. Coasts (No. 2)
a. Northern peninsula - Text follows ...... (No. 3)
(1) Williams Bay - Text follows ........ (No. 4)
(a) Vicinity of Port Smith -Text ..... (No. 5)
1) Seaward Approaches - Text ..... (No. 6)
Chapter and section titles are centered. No. 1
heads are typed flush with left margin of text; in-
ferior heads are successively indented 5 typewriter
spaces. No. 1 and No. 2 heads stand alone; text
begins on next line with indentation of 5 spaces and
thereafter flush left. Remaining heads each end
with space, two hyphens, space; text follows im-
mediately on same line, with succeeding lines be-
ginning flush with left text margin.
Each standard heading includes a title in ad-
dition to letter or number. Titles are as brief as
feasible. In No. 1 through No. 5 heads, common
nouns are not capitalized. No. 6 heads are initial
caps except for prepositions, articles, etc.
Headings may stand alone when immediately
followed by the next grade of head. For certain
material (as in Coasts and Landing Beaches), a
heading may be followed on the next line or lines
by coordinates, hydrographic chart references, etc.
No. 5 and No. 6 headings may be modified when
used to introduce a series of similar subsidiary
topics (such as a series of brief descriptive para-
graphs on smaller ports).
Numbers used to itemize a series of items within
text.carry a single parenthesis, e.g., 1).
3. REFERENCES TO FIGURES AND TEXT
Figures (including both tables and graphic ma-
terial) must be adequately referred to in the re-
lated text, using figure numbers assigned by the
contributor. Reference may be integral in a sen-
tence, ". . . as shown in FIGURE 32-16 . . . ", or
parenthetical, ". . .(FIGURES 42-3 through 42-
6). . .". It is often desirable to use the reference
flexibly to differentiate types of figures, e.g.,
". . . tabulated in FIGURE 42-7 . . ." or ". .
shown on the map, FIGURE 42-8 . .". Statements
such as ". . . in the following table . . ." or
". . . in the table above . . ." are undesirable be-
cause the relationship may not be retained in
printing. Because figure numbering is subject to
change in publication or maintenance, reference to
tables or graphic material in other sections or
chapters is by abbreviated caption, type of material
and section number in which it appears, e.g., " (see
population density map, SECTION 41) ".
Tentative placement within text of tables and
appropriate graphic items (e.g., line cuts) is in-
dicated by large carets with figure numbers on the
right margin of text pages (see sample pages).
Each figure is caretted only once. Figures expect-
ed to follow printed text, such as half-tone illus-
trations and fold-in maps, are itemized after the
last line of manuscript text.
Because subsection numbering and titles are sub-
ject to change in publication or maintenance, cross
references are made to the highest order of text
topic which will adequately indicate where the ref-
erenced material will be found. Within sections
and especially within lengthy sections, however,
references to subsections may be quite detailed if
desirable. Another section of the same chapter
is referred to by ". . . (SECTION 81, this chapter)
..." or ". .. (See section on Ground Forces)
. . ." Reference to a section of another chapter is
as follows: ". . . (CHAPTER III, SECTION 31) . . ."
or ". . . (See Railway) . . .
The words Chapter, Section, and Figure, when
followed by identifying number are typed in capi-
tals and lower case.
4. QUOTATIONS AND EXTRACT MATTER
Quotations up to approximately 3 typewritten
lines are included in text within quotation marks.
Longer quotations, and subordinate material like-
wise to be printed as "extract" in smaller type, are
without quotation marks, indented 5 spaces for all
lines and typed double space.
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 fkpproved For Release 1-999/09/08 :-CI nrA-RDP7 01055A000200040004-4-_
B. Domestic facilities
1. General
Prior to 1933, telecommunication facilities in Manchuria were
under the control of several agencies and companies licensed by the
(Chinese, Japanese, and Russian governments.
Top
_________ Margin
ARMY-January 1948 NIS 21 1411
(CLASSIFICATION) Sec-38
Left I Right
~-- Marg
4 in 38. Telecommunications Margin
A. General
I
During the Japanese occupation telecommunication facilities in
form a rather close pattern around Mukden, Chang-ch'un (Hsinking),
and Harbin, and radiate to all parts of the country (Figure 38-1)..
b. Type of construction -- Construction was completed for
Ian underground 28-pair nonloaded telephone cable between Mukden and
Antung in 1937 (Figure 38-2). In December 191.2....
I 3. Telegraph and cable
parallel to railways and highways; lines are also built along the
(valleys. Practically all the major circuits and most of the other..
Bottom
Margin
1-:41 11
(page number)
(CLASSIFICATION)
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 ARMY-January 1948
(CLASSIFICATION)
Top
Margin
1*"~
Left
- Margin -
14"
Right
Telegraph and telephone service 244
Telephone stations 232
Telegraph agencies 403
Wireless agencies 62
Total 941
b. Type of construction -- In general, construction of..
4. Radio
a. Radio communications stations -- From 1933 to 1945 the
Imajor radio communications stations were operated by....*
*Itemized information for the period 1940 to 1945 is almost
entirely based on captured Japanese documents, but the significant
Itotals are confirmed by U.S. official reports.
broadcasting stations listed in Figure 38-3.
b. Broadcasting -- There are several of the more powerful I
(1) Number of installations -- The number of these
I T
SAMPLE PAGE 2
linstallations is considerably smaller than the total given by the I
p.939 telegraph offices and agencies' tabulations. It is now believed)
i
that, even with full allowance for the new facilities only a few have)
short-wave transmitters. There is very little information about...
L---------------------J
Bottom
Margin
14 11
(page number)
(CLASSIFICATION)
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JUNE 1951 EDITORIAL INSTRUCTIONS
5. SAMPLE PAGES
The accompanying two pages are sample pages
of text manuscript for the guidance of typists.
When several works by the same author or
agency are listed, the author's name is not repeated
but is replaced by dashes in subsequent listings.
6. FOOTNOTES
Footnotes to text matter are kept to a minimum.
When footnotes are considered necessary, up to
3 asterisks per page may be used. In manuscript
the footnote is inserted on the line following the
reference, separated from the text by solid lines
above and below; the footnote begins indented 5
spaces from left margin, and is typed double space
(see sample pages).
7. REFERENCE TO SOURCES
References to sources are confined as much as
possible to the topic Comments on Principal
Sources, where the evaluative discussion normally
will be followed by an alphabetical listing of prin-
cipal sources to which consecutive numbers are
assigned. If sources are grouped by subject cate-
gories, they are numbered consecutively rather
than by successive groups. In text, and in both
text and figure footnotes, this facilitates brief ref-
erence, e.g., ".. , based on Source 1 estimates,
. . ." or ". . . (Source 1) . . ." When only a few
principal sources are identified and are not as-
signed source numbers in the Comments subsec-
tion, text or footnote reference thereto is as brief
as feasible. A source cited in text but not included
in Comments on Principal Sources may be de-
scribed in necessary detail but as briefly as possi-
ble. Author, title of source, and date normally is
sufficient, typed in capitals and lower case set off
from text by parentheses.
In the numbered listing of principal sources,
each item is typed double space and is continuous
in the following order and typewriter style :
Author, authors, editor or agency; last name
first, capital and lower case, period. Title of book
or other separate publication; capitals and lower
case, underlined, followed within parentheses by
capitals and lower case translation if required,
period. Title of article from periodical in quotes,
capitals and lower case, comma; followed by name
of periodical, underlined, comma; edition, series,
part, volume, number, selected pages, year of peri-
odical as necessary, separated by commas in that
order, with capital only at beginning of series of
items, abbreviated as ed., ser., pt., vol., no., p.,
period. Arabic numerals used throughout except
Roman after pt. Place of publication in capitals
and lower case, followed by colon and publishing
agency if given, otherwise period. Date, period;
n.d. if not dated, period. Total pages if desired.
Classification in parentheses, capital and lower
case, without period.
C. Tabular specifications
1. TABULATIONS
Relatively simple tabular presentations, gener-
ally with no stubs, less than 3 columns of data, and
not requiring more than a printed column width,
are treated as tabulations. Tabulations are incor-
porated in text manuscript without figure number
or title (see sample pages). They are typed double
space, with no continuous capitalization or under-
lining.
2. TABLES
More complex tabular presentations, generally
with stub and 3 or more vertical columns of data,
are treated as tables. Each table has a descrip-
tive title (caption) preceded by a figure number.
Each table is constructed to stand as an entity,
because of possible separation from text in publica-
tion or use.
3. TYPING OF TABLES
Each table is typed in 5 copies, on one side only,
original on substantial bond paper. Duplicating
process may be used if submitted copies are thor-
oughly checked for legibility. Tables are typed
double space, with no continuous capitals or under-
lining in caption, stubs, column headings, or data
entries. Tables are typed on 8 x 121/2 bond paper
whenever practicable. For more extensive presen-
tations, larger paper may be used, if possible re-
taining the 121/2 inch vertical dimension. Several
separate 8 x 121/2 pages may be used to continue
a table. When more than one page is used to
present a table or when there is significant relation-
ship between columns in separate tables, in typing
it is important to maintain alignment and space
relationship of columns on all pages. Each page
includes in the margin, as in text pages, the name
of the agency of primary responsibility, date, clas-
sification, NIS number and section number.
4. TABLE TITLES AND FIGURE NUMBERS
Table titles (captions) are as brief as possible
consistent with adequate indication of table con-
tent. Date or dates are included in the title un-
less table content is generalized or in itself provides
adequate date information. The area or political
name is incorporated when feasible, in adjective
form ("Value of French imports, 1945-1950") or
in noun form after substance of caption ("Land
use, France, 1950").
The figure number which precedes each table
title is comprised of the section number followed
by a hyphen and the serial number of the table in
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the sequence of all figures (including all tables
and graphic items) within a section, according to
caretted location in the submitted manuscript.
5. TABLE STUBS AND COLUMN HEADINGS
Stubs (horizontal descriptive entries normally
to the left of vertical columns of data) and column
headings are carefully worded and coordinated.
Proper selection and description of categories min-
imizes footnotes and exceptions which require ex-
planation.
In general, the heading at the top of a column
covers all material presented in the column with-
out insertion of additional headings farther down
the column. The same applies to side heads and
lines of data. Where intermediate headings seem
necessary, the material generally is presented as
separate tables. However, related categories of
items (such as apply to various weapons) may be
usefully combined in a single table by making col-
umn headings more comprehensive and using sub-
headings in columns and/or indicating a general
change in category. Preliminary consultation
with D/B on such matters is advisable.
6. TABLE FOOTNOTES AND SOURCE REFER-
ENCES
Footnotes to tables are indicated by up to 3
asterisks and thereafter by up to 3 daggers (the
typewriter symbol $k is used for a dagger). These
symbols are placed at the left of numerical column
data, and at the right of headings, stubs, mixed or
reading column data. Footnotes generally are
typed double space, under the table, starting in-
dented five spaces from left margin of table. The
number of footnotes to tables is minimized by in-
corporation of the material into related text when
feasible, by careful phrasing of stubs and headings,
by consolidation in a reduced number of footnotes,
or by consolidation in a single NOTE carried as a
footnote without symbol.
When source reference or references are con-
sidered necessary and apply for a table as a whole,
they are indicated by "Data from Source 13 . . .
beginning at the left text margin and typed two
spaces below a line at the bottom of the table
proper. If a NOTE item is used it precedes the
conventional abbreviation n a and explanation, if
used (see conventional entries below), which in
turn precedes any symbol footnotes. An entire
table taken verbatim from a source (sometimes as
the only available data, and not necessarily fully
accepted by the contributor), is so indicated in re-
lated text, by explanation within the table, or by
footnote; in such cases it is generally desirable, so
far as feasible, to follow the detailed format of the
original material.
To avoid blank spaces in columns of data, the
following conventional entries are made as ap-
propriate in table columns :
... not applicable; no footnote used
n a data not available, inadequate data, etc;
n and a separated and underlined; until
conventional is well established, explained
as "Data not available", etc., in footnote
0 indicates zero quantity or reading in col-
umns of uniform data such as weather
statistics; no footnote used
none used instead of 0 when data are not uni-
form, e.g., to indicate known lack of pro-
duction of a significant commodity;
underline; no footnote used
insig quantity too insignificant to record;
underline; no footnote used
When exceptional items in a column are esti-
mated they are preceded by est in underlined lower
case, unless symbol and footnote are preferable be-
cause of an otherwise appreciably narrower column
or exceptional items can be feasibly covered in
other footnotes.
Ditto marks are not used in tables. For this pur-
pose do in underlined lower case is used. Gener-
ally, identical entries in figure columns are re-
peated. It is likewise desirable to repeat word en-
tries which have significance.
When n a or insig are included with vertical or
horizontal data entries for which a total is given
that only moderately exceeds the sum of the specific
entries, no footnote explanation may be required.
However, when the total is exactly the sum of the
specific figures, generally it is advisable to indicate
that n a or similar items are not reflected in the
total, e.g., "* Totals are of known data" or
"approx." When totals are not identical with the
sum of specific entries, because of rounding or dif-
ferent sources, indicate by note, e.g., "(Tonnage)
figures rounded to nearest (thousand) are not ad-
ditive".
9. TABLE CONSTRUCTION
Optimum clarity and usefulness require the care-
ful construction of all tables in terms of the nature
and purpose of the material and the characteris-
tics of the NIS format.
Column headings normally are typed and printed
horizontally. They may be vertical when heading
narrow columns of data or generally to facilitate
publishing a table in minimum width. Superior
or consolidating headings are centered over the
appropriate individual column headings.
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JUNE 1951 EDITORIAL INSTRUCTIONS
To avoid repetition of units of measurement after
items of latitude, longitude, time, distance, weight,
etc., units of measurement (abbreviated as appro-
priate) are put at the head of column, or centered
over appropriate columns. Units common to an
entire table (e.g., thousands of metric tons, or per-
centage of population) are placed in parentheses
beneath the table title.
It is desirable, so far as practicable, for a series
of tables dealing with common or closely related
topics to be expressed in a uniform order of magni-
tude of units of measurement, e.g., all in thousands
of tons or hundreds of tons.
Entries in all columns align horizontally with
top line of the corresponding stub.
Vertical columns of figures are aligned on the
decimal point, dissimilar figures are centered in
the column, and zeros precede the decimal in num-
bers of less than 1. Examples of various figure
items are :
1500
0.15
15.5-17.0
insig
30 (daily)
Generally it is not desirable to carry a column
in which there are no entries. Use of a column
for isolated entries may be avoided by carrying the
entries in a "Remarks" column or by consolidation
in an explanatory note to the table.
Tables generally should be constructed to avoid
extensive use of full-length lines or rules between
columns and particularly between horizontal en-
tries. Lines or boxes around column headings pref-
erably are omitted by contributors unless format
is well established.
Although contributors are not required to con-
form to printing requirements when constructing
tables, general consideration of such requirements
facilitates publication of table material. A printed
NIS single-column width accommodates approxi-
mately 55 units of characters or spaces. A two-
column page width takes approximately 115 units.
A two-page spread takes approximately 230 char-
acters or spaces. Two-page spreads tend to present
page make-up problems in publication, including
separation of tables from related text. Tables
which must be viewed from the side of the page,
and extended tables on fold-in inserts, generally
are not desirable and are used only by arrangement
with D/B. In constructing tables for normal col-
umn or page-width publication, space allowance
must be made for column headings which may be
wider than figure entries in columns, and for stubs.
When it is apparent that the maximum horizontal
lines (allowing for column entries, column head-
ings, stubs, footnote symbols, and adequate space
between columns) will occupy more than the ap-
proximate number of spaces available but will not
utilize more than a nominal additional width, re-
arrangement of the table warrants consideration.
Vertical printing of heads is one device. When the
number of columns exceeds the number of stub
entries, the lay-out often may be reversed to make
a longer but narrower table. When tables present
problems not previously encountered, contributors
are requested to consult D/B before final typing.
D. Graphic specifications
1. GENERAL
All graphic materials, such as photographs,
maps, charts, graphs, and sketches, regardless of
size, are (in addition to numbered tables) desig-
nated as figures. Each figure carries a separate
figure number comprised of the section number
followed by hyphen and serial number of the figure
in the sequence of all figures within the section.
The page size of the printed NIS, including
binding and other margins, is 91/4" by 121/s". The
type is set in two 31/2" columns spaced 1/4" apart.
Figures of column width are printed 31/2" wide,
and 2-column figures are 71/4" wide. The maxi-
mum height of such figures including space for
caption is 93/4".
All graphic items larger than page size are
treated as fold-in inserts. The maximum paper
size used for NIS inserts is 231/4" V x 393/4" H. The
horizontal dimension normally includes a 91/4"
apron.
Figures are prepared to fit NIS indicated dimen-
sions. Care is required in laying out correct pro-
portions and in selecting sizes of symbols, patterns,
lines, and lettering to allow for reduction com-
mensurate with that permitted by other features
of the figure. When a specific amount of reduc-
tion is desired, it is so marked outside the border.
Otherwise, the amount of reduction will be decided
by D/B.
All charts, graphs, maps and other graphic ma-
terial to be printed with text are constructed as
black and white linecut figures of page size or less.
Photographs and other figures requiring halftone
reproduction normally will be published on coated
paper inserts of page size (excepting large pano-
ramas or mosaics which may be run as fold-in in-
serts), grouped immediately following text and
table manuscript of each section. Multicolor
graphics normally will be inserted at the end of
each section.
All figures, except insert maps, are accompanied
by captions (in lower case and normal word capital-
ization) which are carefully worded to be briefly
but adequately descriptive. The first line of the
caption carries the figure number followed by iden-
tification of the subject or brief descriptive phrase;
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CONFIDENTIAL EDITORIAL INSTRUCTIONS
succeeding lines add appropriate amplification, in-
cluding direction of view and indication of the date
(or absence thereof, by "Date unknown") of photo-
graphs. Captions are firmly attached to figures,
affixed to permit reading of the caption while view-
ing the figure but not obscuring the figure image.
Captions must be legible but need not be drafted
since all captions are set in type.
Charts or graphs do not carry titles or caption
material (as distinct from explanatory legend ma-
terial) within the figure image. In the case of a
specially constructed chart or graph, source and
date of information may be drafted within the
figure.
All insert maps carry the title, legend, source
and date of source, and other essential caption in-
formation drafted within the title box or neatline.
Border information, indicated outside the map bor-
der in non-photographic blue but not drafted be-
cause it will be set in type, is as follows : Upper left
corner-agency responsible for map content, and
date to be carried by the section as a unit; center
top-NIS Area number; upper right corner-classi-
fication; lower left corner-file number and agency
responsible for actual map construction (unless
the latter is identical with material in upper left
corner) ; center bottom-abbreviated map title;
lower right corner-figure number.
it is not necessary that all maps or photographs
be oriented with north at the top, but the position
of north is clearly indicated by means of a north
arrow, coordinates, or caption. Names, symbols,
and similar details of figures are oriented for read-
ing from the bottom of the page. In exceptions
where figures must be viewed from the side of the
page, details of the figure are oriented for reading
from the right-hand side of the page.
Printed "stick-up" is preferred for symbols and
lettering. However, Leroy lettering is permissible.
Freehand lettering and symbols are to be avoided
except in such instances as the inclusion of an ex-
istent, printed map or sketch.
It is frequently desirable for graphic material,
such as large-scale aerials of airfields, to be ac-
companied by small-scale line-cut orientation or
location maps.
2. PHOTOGRAPHS
Only clear and distinct photographs are accept-
able, and original prints are supplied insofar as
possible. Except where the original is unwieldy,
prints are supplied at the same scale as originals,
including suggested cropping to be undertaken in
D/B processing.'
High-altitude aerial photographs carry a north
arrow and bar scale drafted on the face of the print.
When a photograph originally has foreign annota-
tions on the face of the photograph, the annota-
tions are retained and accompanied by translation
or explanation. Where feasible, the translation is
added to the face of the print in the form of a key
or legend; where space is not available or a key or
legend is not adequately descriptive, the transla-
tion or explanation appears in the caption or on
a separate typed sheet attached to each copy of
the print.
Instructions for selection and preparation of
photographs are set forth in NIS supplementary in-
structions.
3. MAPS
All NIS maps are carefully selected and con-
structed in terms of the purpose and subject ma-
terial of a map or plan, content and positional in-
tegration with text, suitability of color or other
differentiation, and all feasible uniformity in lay-
out, lettering, and other drafted elements.
All maps have a neatline and border, a legend
centered under the map title, a bar scale centered
beneath the legend, and the classification centered
beneath the scale. Legends clearly define all sym-
bols not self-explanatory or generally understood
from common usage. A direction indication, either
coordinates or a north arrow, is included. Maps
prepared as a series (e.g., port and town plans)
have consistent treatment throughout in type style,
zipatone patterns, title and legend layout. Non-
varying plastic (e.g., dyrite, vinylite) is preferable
for the construction of color plates, to facilitate
accurate registry in printing.
A map designed as a black and white line draw-
ing, page size or less, is preferable for many NIS
purposes because it can be printed adjacent to the
related text. When information cannot be ade-
quately presented in black and white, limited use of
one additional color for such maps is possible, upon
consultation with D/B.
A Standard Base Map for each NIS. Area is pre-
pared and distributed by Geographic Division,
(D/G), CIA in the following forms: Black and
white and composite color copies on paper; compos-
ite black line and black line copies of each color
separation plate on plastic (dyrite). Specific in-
structions concerning reduction, sizes, etc., are dis-
tributed with the base map for each NIS Area.
Contributors are responsible for drafting their
own overlays, which are keyed to the base plates of
NIS Standard Base Maps.
In addition to the Standard Base Map a small-
scale Page Size Base Map is prepared for each NIS
Area. This map is available to contributors in
black-line and non-photographic blue, paper copies.
Black-line maps or color overlays are prepared by
drafting directly on these bases.
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JUNE 1951 EDITORIAL INSTRUCTIONS
For purposes where base maps are not applicable
(such as port plans), contributors are responsible
for compiling and constructing their own maps.
Contributors lacking necessary cartographic facili-
ties should consult D/B.
Fold-in maps are printed with a page-size apron,
to permit full view of the map as the text is read.
This apron can be used for printing information
additional to that contained in the legend, such
as lists of installations or regions. Such informa-
tion is submitted on a separate typewritten sheet,
a copy of which is attached to each copy of the
map. Printed material is not carried on the back
of a map.
1. NIS SUPPLEMENT SPECIFICATIONS
Preparation of text and graphic material for
NIS Supplements generally conforms to the indi-
cated procedures for other NIS material, with such
modifications as are developed to meet the require-
ments of the Supplements.
2. CLASSIFICATION AND CONTROL
NIS textual material is classified independently
by section. All pages of each section uniformly
carry the highest classification of material in the
section. All material, however, carries at least
a RESTRICTED classification. Tables of contents,
caption lists, all tables, and all graphics intended
to be printed within text, carry the uniform section
classification and are so stamped when submitted.
Insert maps or other insert graphic items (includ-
ing photographs) are not governed by the over-all
classification, but are individually classified as ap-
propriate.
The agency of primary responsibility is required
to indicate any control aspects of submitted ma-
terial.
All Comments on Principal Sources for all NIS
are controlled for "U.S. Officials Only". Each page
of that portion of manuscript is so stamped, top
and bottom. The control for Comments on Prin-
cipal Sources as such does not govern for related
NIS material and need not be specified in the letter
of transmittal.
Certain other
NIS Areas, as approved and specifically listed by
the NIS Committee, are restricted by control for
"U.S. Officials Only". All NIS material relating
to such Areas, regardless of the content of the ma-
terial, is correspondingly controlled. Each page of
manuscript and each unit of graphic material is
appropriately stamped, top and bottom. All such
material delivered to D/B carries a cover sheet
specifying control, and the control requirements
also are indicated in the letter of transmittal.
When any element or portions of NIS material
(other than Comments on Principal Sources) are
controlled for reasons other than the approved con-
trol character of the Area, the entire section in-
volved is controlled. Each page of manuscript and
each unit of graphic material is appropriately
stamped, top and bottom. All such material de-
livered to D /B carries a cover sheet specifying con-
trol, and the nature of and occasion for the con-
trol requirements are indicated in the letter of
transmittal.
3. TREATMENT OF NAMES
Geographic names used in the NIS are those
approved by the United States Board on Geo-
graphic Names (BGN). Preliminary gazetteers
are issued to contributors for use in the preparation
of text and graphic materials. Pending publica-
tion of a pertinent gazetteer, or in the case of
names not covered by a published gazetteer, lists
of names are submitted according to NIS supple-
mentary instructions.
English conventional names are used insofar as
they are approved by BGN. The approved native
name is added in parentheses the first time the
conventional name is used in a section, and there-
after as desirable for clarity. It is desirable to use
the native name in parentheses after the conven-
tional name on maps whenever practicable.
Approved native names are used where conven-
tional English names are not provided. Transla-
tion of generic parts of native names (except when
the meaning is apparent) is given, in parentheses
or in running text if feasible, the first time a ge-
neric appears in any segment of text. As a reader
aid, English generics may be interspersed in text.
All terms referring to man-made features, such
as Small Boat Harbor, are in English. Military
regions or other regions arbitrarily designated for
convenience in presentation are in English and
are not required to be identical with BGN approved
versions.
Consistency in the use of the conventional or
the native name for the same feature is maintained
throughout each chapter.
In lists of towns and cities, coordinates are given
for each of two or more places having identical
names.
4. TECHNICAL TERMINOLOGY
When scientific names are appropriately used in
the interest of accuracy, if possible they are pre-
ceded by a common name or common name ge-
neric; e.g., the colon bacillus (Escherichia coli),
malaria mosquitoes (Anopheles maculipennis, A.
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MONNOMM EDITORIAL INSTRUCTIONS
hyracanus). The scientific names are enclosed in
parentheses and marked for italics in every case.
In a paragraph discussing malaria mosquitoes,
however, italicized scientific names may be used
without a preceding common name or generic.
Scientific family names (names ending in -idae, as
Stomatidae) are capitalized but not italicized.
Special-use terms, such as names of military
regions, are capitalized (e.g., the Kazakh Hill
Country) to clearly maintain identity.
5. STATISTICAL DATA
Statistical data normally are expressed either
in U.S. units of measure or in the metric system,
and are consistent within a section or the largest
NIS unit feasible, except to conform with common
usage, as in discussing 75 mm and 3" guns. All
contributions, should clearly indicate what system
is used, in tables as well as text. When different
measurement systems unavoidably appear together
in text (e.g., statute and nautical miles) they must
be clearly differentiated. In the case of areas
where available maps or charts use varying meas-
urement systems, the text is expressed in U.S.
units with metric conversion following in parenthe-
ses, and accompanying maps using extensive
metric annotations in their original form carry a
conversion table. Both U.S. and other measure-
ments may be given, as in the case of a table, when
contributing to utility.
Measurements are expressed in terms consistent
with the inherent or required degree of accuracy,
(e.g., 2,340 miles of coast, 16' 61/4" bridge clear-
ance). Conversions are exact when appropriate;
a rounded original figure is not converted into an
inconsistently exact figure; rounded conversions
may be used with a modifying "about" or "approxi-
mate". Units of measurement with varying mean-
ings are clearly defined, e.g., statute miles or nau-
tical miles, short tons or long tons. Both quan-
tity and value may be given when useful for indi-
cating relative importance. In financial data,
conversion factors with date are included.
6. RETURN OF MATERIAL
Detailed procedures governing the return of sub-
mitted material are established in NIS supple-
mentary instructions.
7. EDITORIAL STYLE
Development of style for all forms of NIS content
is a continuing and coordinated result of contribu-
tor and D/B processing of the various types of ma-
terial. For all matters of style not so developed,
and not indicated by specific D/B instructions, the
current Government Printing Office Style Manual
governs.
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Security Information
NATIONAL INTELLIGENCE SURVEY
STANDARD INSTRUCTIONS
CHAPTER III
'T'RANSPORTATION AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS
Section 30 Introduction
Section 31 Railway
Section 32 Highway
Section 33 Inland Waterway
Section 34 Petroleum Pipe Line
Section 35 Ports and Naval Facilities
Section 36 Merchant Marine
Section 37 Civil Air
Section 38 Telecommunications
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
Washington, D. C.
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JUNE 1951
Chapter III - Transportation and Telecommunications
OUTLINE
SECTION 31. RAILWAY
A. General
B. Characteristics of the railway net-
work
1. General characteristics
2. Line and terminal facilities
3. Construction and maintenance
4. Traffic interruption factors
C. Control and organization
1. Control
2. Organization
3. Personnel
D. Operations
1. Operating factors
2. Traffic
3. Financial data
E. Equipment
1. General
2. Motor vehicles
3. Special equipment
F. Principal highways
G. Comments on principal sources
D. Operations
1. Operating factors
2. Traffic
3. Financial data
E. Equipment
1. General characteristics
2. Motive power
3. Rolling stock
4. Special equipment
F. Principal railways
G. Comments on principal sources
B. Characteristics of the inland water-
way system
1. General characteristics
2. Waterway facilities
3. Construction and maintenance
4. Traffic interruption factors
C. Control and organization
1. Control
2. Organization
3. Personnel
SECTION 32. HIGHWAY
D.
Operations
A.
General
1. Operating factors
B.
Characteristics of the highway net-
work
1. General characteristics
2. Highway facilities
3. Construction and maintenance
4. Traffic interruption factors
E.
2. Traffic
3. Financial data
Equipment
1. General characteristics
2. Craft census
C.
Control and organization
3. Special equipment
1. Control
2. Organization
F.
Principal inland waterways
3. Personnel
G.
Comments on principal sources
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CHAPTER III
(Treated in Subsection 62, C and Supplement V)
D.
Civil air enterprises
1. Scheduled air carriers
2. Miscellaneous air carriers
3. Government and private operators
A.
General
E.
Civil aviation training
1. Preparatory
2. Air crew and ground personnel
B.
1. Ports
2. Naval facilities
Summary of ports
F.
Services and supplies
1. Maintenance installations
2. Aircraft and spare parts
C.
Summary of naval facilities
3. Petroleum products
D.
Comments on principal sources
G.
Civil air facilities
A.
General
H.
1.--Airfields
2. Operational aids
Military potential
1. Aircraft availability
B. Organization
2. Personnel readiness
Mobilization
lans
3
C.
D.
E.
1. Ownership
2. Administration
3. National policy
4. Foreign interests
5. Personnel and training
Composition
Shipping Program
1. Construction program
2. Purchase or sale of vessels
3. Chartering of vessels
Normal shipping routes and ports of
I.
J.
K.
A.
p
.
Means of identification
Personalities
Comments on principal sources
General
1. Background and significance
2. Administration and control
F.
G.
call
Operations and traffic
Comments on principal sources
B.
3. Source of equipment
4. Major aspects of privacy systems
Military appreciation and vulnera-
bility
A.
General
C.
1. Military use of telecommunications
systems
2. Vulnerability
Domestic facilities
B.
1. Domestic status
2. International aspects
3. Other general topics
Government control and policy
1. General
2. Telephone
3. Telegraph
4. Radio
C.
1. Administration
2. Support
International relations
D.
International facilities
1. General
2. Submarine cables
1. Affiliations
2. Air agreements
3. Foreign influence
E.
3. Landlines
4. Radio
Comments on principal sources
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JUNE 1951 TRANSPORTATION AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS
OUTLINE GUIDE
The following outline guide indicates substance and general arrangement.
In preparation and typing of manuscript, D/B Editorial Instructions are
to be followed in detail.
Section 30. Introduction
This Section will be an over-all appreciation of
the Transportation and Telecommunication sys-
tems of the country or area under study.
It will treat those general aspects which are
necessary to the proper concept of the subject as
a whole and which cannot be treated adequately
elsewhere. It will be prepared upon completion of
the remaining sections of this Chapter so as to be
able to present in a single section an integrated
account of all phases of transportation and tele-
communications.
Material should be presented in graphic form
whenever practicable.
Section 31. Railway
A. General
An appreciation of railway transportation in the
country concerned, position in the economic struc-
ture, relationship to other means of transportation,
and its adequacy for peacetime requirements. A
short account of significant historical items, in-
cluding war damage and restoration. Where per-
tinent, comparisons should be made with U.S. rail-
ways, as a means of orientation for the reader.
Permanent way
Roadway structure - Bridges, tunnels, etc. (in
table form: location, description and structural
data for selected structures)
Ferries
Fuel and water
Signal and communication
Electrification
Yards and terminals (including shops and repair fa-
cilities)
Loading and clearance (attach diagrams)
B. Characteristics of the railway network
1. GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS
Discuss the salient features of the country's rail
network and its component systems, covering those
characteristics which apply on a nation-wide basis
such as:
Extent (total mileage according to gage and number
of tracks).
Pattern and geographic distribution.
Density and nature of traffic.
Connections and interchange with adjacent countries.
Status of development and general condition of the
railroads.
2. LINE AND TERMINAL FACILITIES
Discuss the general characteristics of the net-
work facilities including the following topics
(using photographs of representative type items) :
Construction and maintenance problems, poli-
cies and procedures.
Analyze the most critical points or features
of the railway network emphasizing exist-
ing or potential factors, which might adversely
affect traffic in time of emergency.
C. Control and organization
1. CONTROL
Ownership and extent of governmental control
and regulations.
2. ORGANIZATION
Organization and administrative structure.
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CHAPTER III
3. PERSONNEL
Number of employees by departments and gen-
eral level of training and efficiency.
D. Operations
1. OPERATING FACTORS
Discuss operational methods, regulations and
practices for freight and passenger traffic with
an appraisal of the general level of efficiency, using
U.S. standards and methods where possible as a
basis of comparison.
2. TRAFFIC
Discuss normal traffic conditions, giving sta-
tistics for the following items, using current year
and representative annual figures to indicate
trends :
Freight ton-miles
Total freight hauled (by commodities)
Freight car loadings
Turn-around time (average per freight car)
Average net tons per train
Passenger miles
3. FINANCIAL DATA
Operating revenues, expenses, and ratios (in-
cluding governmental financial aspects).
E. Equipment
1. GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS
A general statement as to adequacy of equip-
ment; present condition; interchangeability of
equipment with neighboring countries; self-suffi-
ciency in production of equipment; amounts and
types imported or exported. General characteris-
tics and standards of equipment including: gage;
type of brakes; type and height of couplings; etc.
2. MOTIVE POWER
Predominant type or types (steam, diesel, elec-
tric), number in service (by gages), and general
condition of locomotives with tabulation of the
following information for freight, passenger and
yard engines :
Total number by gage
Type (wheel arrangement)
Rated tractive effort
Axle load
Percent serviceable
3. ROLLING STOCK
Predominant type or types, and general condi-
tion of freight and passenger equipment, with
tabulation of the following information :
FREIGHT CARS:
Number
Type (box, gondola, flat, etc.)
Percent serviceable
Inside dimensions
Length
Width
Height
Rated capacity (in tons)
PASSENGER CARS:
Number
Type
Rated capacity (number of passengers)
4. SPECIAL EQUIPMENT
Rail cars (number and types)
Armored equipment
Work equipment (including locomotive cranes)
Snow plows
F. Principal railways
A selection and analysis of the lines of prime
importance to the country's economic and military
requirements, giving significance of each line (at-
tach map and indicate lines by number). The
selection of lines should be made on the basis of
major trunk routes, important alternate routes,
key connecting lines, and those of strategic signifi-
cance. Special attention should be given to in-
ternational connections. Where feasible, text de-
scriptions of selected individual lines are to be ac-
companied by profiles and small-scale route maps
or schematic route diagrams.
Individual line description (for each selected
line) including:
Name of line with map identification number
Gage
Terminal points and principal connections
Route mileage, total and by number of running tracks
Characteristics of rail, ties, ballast
Minimum radius of curves
Ruling grade
Line capacity
Critical points
Bridges
Number
Average and total length
Significant structures
Tunnels
Number
Average and total length
Significant structures
Ferries
Number
Location
Capacity
Electrification
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JUNE 1951 TRANSPORTATION AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS
G. Comments on principal sources
This Subsection is to serve the following pur-
poses :
1) To provide an evaluation of the principal
source material used in preparing the Section and
thereby inform the user of the general credibility
to be accorded the intelligence contained in the
Section.
2) To indicate those aspects of the subject about
which information is deficient or unavailable and
thereby provide collectors of information with col-
lection targets. In this connection, the principal
sources (not necessarily all sources) actually used
should be indicated.
Section 32. Highway
A. General
An appreciation of highway transportation in
the country concerned, its position in the economic
structure, relationship to other means of transpor-
tation, and its adequacy for peacetime require-
ments. A short account of significant historical
items, including war damage and restoration.
Where pertinent, comparisons should be made with
U.S. highway transport as a means of orientation
for the reader.
3. CONSTRUCTION AND MAINTENANCE
Construction and maintenance problems, poli-
cies, and procedures.
4. TRAFFIC INTERRUPTION FACTORS
Analyze the most critical points or features of the
highway network emphasizing existing or potential
factors which might adversely affect traffic in time
of emergency.
B. Characteristics of the highway network
1. GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS
Describe the salient features of the highway
network covering those characteristics which
apply on a nation-wide basis such as:
Extent (road classification system with mileage sum-
maries)
Pattern and geographic distribution
Density and nature of traffic
Connections with adjacent countries
Status of development and general condition of the
highways
Numbering and marking system (or, if no system,
explanation of arbitrary system used in SECTION 32)
2. HIGHWAY FACILITIES
Discuss the general characteristics of highway
facilities under the following heads (include photo-
graphs of representative type items) :
a. Roan - Surface, base, shoulders, drainage,
etc. Present in table form technical data on
selected sections of representative type roads.
b. STRUCTURES - Present in table form, loca-
tion, description, and structural data for selected
major structures. (Bridge data to be fully inte-
grated with such data in SECTON 31.)
Bridges
Tunnels
Ferries and fords
Bottlenecks
Vehicle repair and fueling facilities
Design and specification standards
Structure clearances
Load limitations
C. Control and organization
1. CONTROL
Ownership, governmental control and regula-
tions affecting the highway transportation system
and its principal carriers.
2. ORGANIZATION
Organization and administrative structure.
3. PERSONNEL
Highway department personnel-number, gen-
eral level of training and efficiency.
D. Operations
1. OPERATING FACTORS
Operational regulations, methods, and practices
for freight and passenger traffic with an appraisal
of the general level of efficiency using U.S. stand-
ards and methods where possible as a basis of com-
parison.
2. TRAFFIC
Discuss normal traffic conditions, giving sta-
tistics under the following headings, using cur-
rent year and representative annual figures to in-
dicate trends :
Passenger
Freight (by commodities)
Total (use flow charts)
Average freight net tons per unit
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3. FINANCIAL DATA
Operating revenues, expenses and ratios (includ-
ing governmental financial aspects).
E. Equipment
1. GENERAL
A general statement as to adequacy of equip-
ment; present conditions; self-sufficiency in pro-
duction of equipment; amounts and types imported
or exported. General characteristics, fuels used,
and vehicle standards.
2. MOTOR VEHICLES
Show in tabular form:
Number
Types
Passenger cars
Trucks
Busses
Capacities
3. SPECIAL EQUIPMENT
Show in tabular form:
Road repair and maintenance
Stone crushers
Rollers
Graders, etc.
Trailers
Animal drawn vehicles (if used extensively)
F. Principal highways
1) Select and analyze the highway routes
of prime importance to the country's economic
and military requirements (attach map and
indicate routes by numbers). The selection of
routes should be made on the basis of major trunk
roads, important alternate routes, key connecting
routes, and those of strategic significance. Spe-
cial attention should be given international con-
nections.
2) Individual route description
Discuss these selected routes, pointing out their
particular importance and general characteristics,
including :
Route number and/or name
Starting points, terminals and route mileage
Principal intersections and connections with adjacent
national networks
Pavement data-Type, width, crown, shoulders, load
limits, thickness and condition for base and'surface
Traffic bottlenecks-Gradients over 7%, narrow
bridges, tunnels, defiles, sharp curves, etc.
Bridges
Number
Average and total length
Significant structures
Tunnels
Number
Average and total length
Significant structures
Ferries
Number
Location
Capacity
Fords
G. Comments on principal sources
This Subsection is to serve the following pur-
poses :
1) To provide an evaluation of the principal
source material used in preparing the Section and
thereby inform the user of the general credibility
to be accorded the intelligence contained in the
Section.
2) To indicate those aspects of the subject about
which information is deficient or unavailable and
thereby provide collectors of information with col-
lection targets. In this connection, the principal
sources (not necessarily all sources) actually used
should be indicated.
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Section 33. Inland Waterway
A. General
An appreciation of inland waterway transporta-
tion in the country concerned, its position in the
economic structure, relationship to other means of
transportation, and its adequacy for peacetime re-
quirements. A short account of significant his-
torical items, including war damage and restora-
tion. Where pertinent, comparisons should be
made with U.S. waterways as a means of orienta-
tion for the reader.
Treatment of inland waterway ports is to be
coordinated in detail with SECTIONS 35 and 36 and
with SUPPLEMENT I to assure appropriate coverage
of all factors in water-borne transport.
B. Characteristics of the inland waterway
system
1. GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS
Describe the salient features of the coun-
try's inland waterway network and its component
parts, covering those characteristics which apply
on a nation-wide basis such as:
Extent (number and length of navigable waterways)
Areal distribution
Density and nature of traffic
Connections with adjacent countries
Status of development and general condition of the
inland waterway network
2. WATERWAY FACILITIES
Discuss the general characteristics of facilities
including the following topics (using photographs
of representative type items) :
Limits of navigability (In terms of craft dimensions.)
Ports (To be fully integrated with SECTION 35.)
Structures and aids (Structures, dams, locks, bridges,
navigational aids, etc.)
Hydrography (Beds, depths, widths, currents, tides,
etc.)
Topography (Watersheds, flood plains, banks, etc.)
Climate and weather conditions (Seasonal variations,
floods, drouth and freezing.)
Design and specification standards
3. CONSTRUCTION AND MAINTENANCE
Discuss construction and maintenance problems,
policies, and procedures.
4. TRAFFIC INTERRUPTION FACTORS
Analyze the most critical points or features
of the inland waterway network emphasizing
existing or potential factors which might adversely
affect traffic in time of emergency.
C. Control and organization
1. CONTROL
Ownership, governmental control and regula-
tions affecting the inland waterway system and its
principal carriers.
2. ORGANIZATION
Organization and administrative structure.
3. PERSONNEL
Inland Waterway Department personnel-num-
ber, general level of training and efficiency.
D. Operations
1. OPERATING FACTORS
Operational regulations, methods, and practices
for freight and passenger traffic with an appraisal
of the general level of efficiency using U.S. stand-
ards and methods where possible as a basis of com-
parison.
2. TRAFFIC
Discuss normal traffic conditions, giving sta-
tistics under following headings using current
year and representative annual figures to indicate
trends :
Passenger
Freight (by commodities)
Total
3. FINANCIAL DATA
Operating revenues, expenses and ratios (includ-
ing governmental financial aspects.)
E. Equipment
1. GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS
A general statement as to adequacy of equip-
ment; present condition; self sufficiency in pro-
duction; amounts and types imported or exported.
General characteristics, fuel used, equipment
standards.
2. CRAFT CENSUS
Show in tabular form:
Number
Types
Passenger
Freight
3. SPECIAL EQUIPMENT (repair and equip-
ment)
Show in tabular form:
Number
Types
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F. Principal inland waterways
1) Select and analyze the inland water-
ways of prime importance to the country's eco-
nomic and military requirements (attach map).
The selection of waterway routes should be made
on the basis of major navigable waterways which
are of strategic significance. Special attention
should be given to international connections.
2) Individual waterways
Discuss these selected waterways, point-
ing out their particular importance and general
characteristics, including:
Route number and name
Starting points, terminals and route mileage
Limits of navigability (in terms of craft dimensions)
Ports
Name
Wharf age
Total length
Depths alongside
Port capacity (annual tonnage)
Storage
Handling facilities (cranes)
Structures and aids
Locks
Clearances (chamber dimensions)
Structural data
Operation
Bridges and other engineering structures
Location and clearance (horizontal and/or ver-
tical) for limiting structure or structures.
Dams, navigational aids, etc.
Design and specification standards
Hydrography (beds, depths, width currents, tides,
etc.)
Climate and weather conditions (seasonal variations,
floods, drouth and freezing)
G. Comments on principal sources
This Subsection is to serve the following pur-
poses:
1) To provide an evaluation of the principal
source material used in preparing the Section and
thereby inform the user of the general credibility
to be accorded the intelligence contained in the
Section.
2) To indicate those aspects of the subject about
which information is deficient or unavailable and
thereby provide collectors of information with col-
lection targets. In this connection, the principal
sources (not necessarily all sources) actually used
should be indicated.
Section 34. Petroleum Pipe Line
(Treated in Subsection 62, C and Supplement V)
Section 35. Ports and Naval Facilities
A. General
1. PORTS (to be fully integrated with SECTION
33)
Comprehensive evaluative discussion covering:
Areal distribution and grouping of ports
Characteristics of ports in regard to: Comparative
size, layout, normal commercial capacity, use, meth-
ods of operation, adequacy, and relative significance
in and functional relation to the transportation
system and commercial economy of the area.
Governmental control and administration (where
relevant)
2. NAVAL FACILITIES
General analysis of naval facilities.
B. Summary of ports
NAME (coordinates)
HARBOR:
Type
Entrance (least depth and width)
Largest vessel accommodated (length and draft)
Tides (springs and neaps)
Ice conditions (periods closed)
ANCHORAGE :
Free-swinging berths (number and type)
Fixed moorings (number and type)
WHARVES:
Total linear feet (expressed in categories of depths
alongside) :
30 and over
25 to 29
19 to 24
13 to 18
6 to 12
Number of berths (class A, B, C, etc.; define by
footnote)
MECHANICAL HANDLING FACILITIES
1)
Cross reference to NIS SUPPLEMENT I, Ports
Cranes (number and category)
and Naval Facilities.
Specialized handling equipment (number and cate-
2)
List principal and secondary ports.
gory)
3)
Summary table of significant characteristics
Maximum single lift (tons)
COVERED STORAGE FACILITIES CAPACITY:
and
facilities of principal and secondary ports
Transit sheds (sq ft)
using standard table with following heads:
Warehouses (sq ft)
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Cold storage (cu ft)
Bulk storage (cu ft)
Petroleum tankage (bbl)
CLEARANCE (out of the immediate port area)
Railroad lines (number, gage, and connections)
Roads (number and connections)
ESTIMATED MILITARY PORT CAPACITY* (L/tons per 20-
hour day)
REPAIR FACILITIES:
Graving docks (number, capacity, by vessel size,
of the largest)
Floating dry docks (number, and capacity in tons
of the largest)
Marine railways (number, and capacity in tons of
the largest)
Repair plant (summary of capabilities)
NAVAL FACILITIES (indicate presence or absence of)
4) List minor ports (with coordinates)
* Assumptions and conditions used in determina-
tion of estimate to be carried as a footnote.
C.
Summary of naval facilities
1)
List naval bases (with coordinates)
2)
Summary table of activities and facilities of
each base.
D. Comments on principal sources
This Subsection is to serve the following pur-
poses :
1) To provide an evaluation of the principal
source material used in preparing the Section and
thereby inform the user of the general credibility
to be accorded the intelligence contained in the
Section.
2) To indicate those aspects of the subject about
which information is deficient or unavailable and
thereby provide collectors of information with col-
lection targets. In this connection, the principal
sources (not necessarily all sources) actually used
should be indicated.
Section 36. Merchant Marine
A. General
Give a brief summary of the Merchant Marine
of the country including: number of ships involved,
ownership, normal trade, place in the economy,
general policy, and adaptability for military use.
B. Organization
1. OWNERSHIP (government or private)
2. ADMINISTRATION
3. NATIONAL POLICY
To include subsidies, regulation, and interna-
tional relations of the Merchant Marine.
4. FOREIGN INTERESTS
5. PERSONNEL AND TRAINING
C. Composition
1) Number of ships by type (1000 gross tons
and up)
2) Name, speed, tonnage (GRT and DWT) size
(length, breadth, depth, and draft), type of power,
type of fuel used, daily fuel consumption, origin,
year built, passenger accommodations, crew
strength, and special equipment.
3) Any special modifications or readily adapta-
ble combat features, i.e., gun emplacements
4) Detail
To include an analysis of the fuel, speed, ton-
nage, and age groupings and any conclusions
drawn therefrom. A discussion of the availability
of fuel and of the number and tonnage of the ves-
sels from 500 to 1000 gross tons.
D. Shipping program
1. CONSTRUCTION PROGRAM
a. FUNDS APPROPRIATED
b. SCHEDULE BY TYPES AND NUMBER
C. SHIPYARD LOCATIONS
d. AVERAGE NUMBER OF SHIPYARD WORKERS
e. CAPACITY OF SHIPBUILDING INDUSTRY
f. KEELS LAID - To show details for approxi-
mately one year together with long time general
trends.
g. LAUNCHINGS (same explanation as f.)
h. DELIVERIES (same explanation as f.)
2. PURCHASE OR SALE OF VESSELS
List number and countries from and to which
vessels were sold and new and former names for
last year.
3. CHARTERING OF VESSELS
List number and countries from and to which
vessels were chartered for past year together with
any significant trends, either long time or recent.
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E. Normal shipping routes and ports of call
F. Operations and traffic
Discuss generally the place of the Merchant
Marine in the economy of the nation including
such items as invisible income, exchange earned,
percentage of population dependent, and other re-
lated matters.
G. Comments on principal sources
This Subsection is to serve the following pur-
poses:
1) To provide an evaluation of the principal
source material used in preparing the Section and
thereby inform the user of the general credibility to
be accorded the intelligence contained in the
Section.
2) To indicate those aspects of the subject about
which information is deficient or unavailable and
thereby provide collectors of information with col-
lection targets. In this connection, the principal
sources (not necessarily all sources) actually used
should be indicated.
Section 37. Civil Air
A. General
Over-all discussion of civil aviation within
and related to the subject nation, summarizing de-
tailed information of all topics, and generally in
topical sequence, appearing in subsequent para-
graphs and including :
1. DOMESTIC STATUS
Give a resume of the development and present
characteristics of the national civil aviation
effort, with particular reference to its adequacy and
effectiveness in serving the transportation needs
of the nation and its capability for augmenting
the military air strength. State the total number
of aircraft and aviation personnel engaged in civil
aviation, showing the aircraft by types, and the
personnel by category of employment.
2. INTERNATIONAL ASPECTS
Outline briefly the position occupied by the
nation in world air transportation activities, with
emphasis on any important geographic relation
to world air routes, and/or any significant interna-
tional civil aviation affiliations.
3. OTHER GENERAL TOPICS
Other information which affects or applies to
Civil Air but which is not appropriate to any of
the main subsections.
B. Government control and policy
1. ADMINISTRATION
a. LAWS AND REGULATIONS - Summarize the
basic law or laws governing civil aviation and dis-
cuss briefly any significant provisions. Itemize
any general regulations which may have been
adopted (i.e., those pertaining to the registry of
aircraft, the issuance of airworthiness certificates,
the licensing of aviation personnel, the certifica-
tion of airline companies, or other general sub-
jects). If air corridors have been prescribed for use
by foreign and/or national air carriers, give a brief
discussion and supplement the text with a map on
which the corridors are depicted. Indicate any
further special controls applicable to foreign air-
craft operating inside the nation.
b. CONTROLLING AGENCY - Designate the gov-
ernment agency (ministry, department or bureau)
charged with civil aviation and outline the func-
tional organization of the agency. Discuss briefly
the effectiveness of the organization, citing salient
points of strength or weakness. Supplement the
text with an organization chart reflecting the chan-
nels of authority.
2. SUPPORT
a. OWNERSHIP - Discuss briefly the pattern of
ownership favored by the government for national
civil air enterprises, indicating the extent to which
the federal and municipal governments, and/or
private enterprises are permitted to participate.
The degree of foreign participation, if foreign in-
vestment is authorized, should be specified. The
extent to which national civil air enterprises are
permitted to invest in foreign aviation enterprises
should likewise be specified.
b. SUBSIDIES - Describe any financial aid ren-
dered civil aviation by the government, to include
both direct and indirect subsidies, indicating the
method, extent and purpose of such aid.
c. TRENDS - If applicable, state whether the
policies adapted by the government have fostered
the operational capabilities and effectiveness of
civil aviation, referring briefly to any future de-
velopments indicated.
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JUNE 1951 TRANSPORTATION AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS
C. International relations
1. AFFILIATIONS
Designate the international civil aviation Con-
ventions to which the nation is signatory, and the
international civil aviation organizations of which
the nation is a member. Where appropriate, de-
scribe briefly the position taken by the government
in regard to civil air policies of other nations (such
as the U.S.-U.K. air policy).
2. AIR AGREEMENTS
a. FORMAL AIR TRANSPORT AGREEMENTS - List
all formal air transport agreements and any in-
terim agreements (or tacit understandings) con-
tracted by the nation, and outline significant pro-
visions. Discuss any important departure from
the U.S.-sponsored standard form of agreement.
b. FOREIGN AIR CARRIER OPERATIONS - Indicate
the foreign scheduled air carriers conducting serv-
ices into the subject nation under the agreements,
supplementing the text where feasible with a mat)
depicting the services.
3. FOREIGN INFLUENCE
Discuss briefly any significant influence exerted.
on the national civil aviation effort by foreign na-
tions, organizations or individuals. The discussion
should include details of any specific foreign aid
programs, such as the U.S. Economic Cooperation
Administration as it relates to civil aviation. Any
Communist influence should be specified.
1). Civil air enterprises
1. SCHEDULED AIR CARRIERS
a. HISTORY-Sketch briefly the history of
each national scheduled air carrier, indicating the
relative importance of the enterprises.
b. OWNERSHIP-List the interests having
financial investment in each carrier, showing per-
centage participation, and commenting briefly on
any foreign participants. Specify any investment
by the national air carriers in foreign aviation en-
terprises.
C. ORGANIZATION - Discuss briefly the organi-
zational set-up of the carriers, to include manage-
ment and operations, and supplement the text with
organization charts where appropriate.
d. OPERATIONAL STRENGTH - Tabulate for each
airline company:
Name and headquarters
Capitalization (in U.S. dollar equivalent)
Operating base or bases
Number and type aircraft (operational and non-
operational) by base of operations
Number and nationality of personnel (flight, ground,
other) by base of operations
e. SCHEDULED AIR SERVICES - Discuss briefly
the scope of the air services conducted by each car-
rier (domestic and international). Show the
services currently in operation on a route map, and
itemize the services on a table showing route
terminals, ports of call, and number of flights per
week. Note any significant charter-type services
performed by these carriers.
f. AIR CARRIER PERFORMANCE - Indicate the
general effectiveness of the carriers in providing
transportation and comment briefly on such fac-
tors as adequacy and proficiency of personnel, uti-
lization rate, accident rate, and adherence to
schedules. Summarize any expansion or retrench-
ment programs.
2. MISCELLANEOUS AIR CARRIERS
Comment briefly on the activities of scheduled
air carriers, charter, taxi, ambulance, crop dusting
or other special air services. If the activities are
of sufficient importance, present comparable data
for the special carrier as is presented for the sched-
uled carrier companies. Otherwise, show in tabu-
lar form :
Name and headquarters
Type of activity
Number and type aircraft (operational and non-
operational)
Number and nationality of personnel (by category
of employment)
3. GOVERNMENT AND PRIVATE OPERATORS
List the government agencies, individuals and/or
private business enterprises (other than scheduled
or miscellaneous air carriers) employing civil
transport aircraft, showing the number and type of
aircraft owned by each, the number and employ-
ment of aviation personnel, and the purpose for
which the aircraft are utilized.
E. Civil aviation training
1. PREPARATORY
Describe the attitude of the government
toward fostering civil aviation schools and
clubs and/or other private flying activities indicat-
ing whether sports flying or pre-military training
is the primary objective. Discuss the extent to
which these activities are supplying the military
air arm with trained or partially trained personnel.
a. AVIATION SCHOOLS - Give name and location
of all civil aviation schools, citing whether owned
and operated by the government or by private in-
terests. Include a brief resume of the curriculum,
the instructor staff, the student body, the aircraft
or glider strength, other related school facilities
and equipment, and general effectiveness of the
schools.
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b. AERO CLUBS - List all aero clubs, giving lo-
cation and ownership. Indicate membership, air-
craft or glider strength, related equipment and
general effectiveness of the clubs.
C. OTHER - List and cite use of training type
aircraft and related equipment other than in mili-
tary use owned by the government or private in-
terests (other than schools or clubs).
2. AIR CREW AND GROUND PERSONNEL
Describe all training activities carried out by the
national scheduled, miscellaneous or other air
operators. Give details of training programs un-
der which nationals are provided aviation training
in foreign states.
F. Services and supplies
1. MAINTENANCE INSTALLATIONS
Discuss briefly the maintenance installations
owned and operated by the government, the air
operators and/or other activities showing location,
type of maintenance, standards of performance
and adequacy and proficiency of maintenance per-
sonnel. Give an over-all estimate of maintenance
capabilities. If pertinent, indicate maintenance
arrangements with foreign nations and/or
agencies.
2. AIRCRAFT AND SPARE PARTS
Discuss briefly the origin of aircraft and spare
parts, indicating the general condition of aircraft
and the adequacy of spare parts stocks.
3. PETROLEUM PRODUCTS
State the supply position of civil air activity with
respect to aviation gasoline and lubricating oil
(with a cross-reference to Subsection 62, C, Petro-
leum, for details).
G. Civil air facilities
1. AIRFIELDS
Discuss briefly on a broad rather than a detailed
basis the general adequacy of the airfields assigned
for civil aviation use. Include a reference to Sub-
section 83, K and a general discussion of ancillary
facilities such as ground handling and servicing
equipment and terminal facilities. Cite joint use
of airfields by military and civil aircraft.
2. OPERATIONAL AIDS
a. AIDS TO NAVIGATION - Discuss the aids to
navigation, equipment used, the operating agency,
and reliability of service including a reference to
radio frequencies of major airports.
b. AIRWAYS - Discuss airways, flight traffic
controls along airways, and aviation communica-
tions facilities between ground stations. Broadly
cover traffic control in vicinity of airfields. Air-
PAGE 111-12
ways, where existent, may be schematically shown
on a map or chart.
C. METEOROLOGICAL SERVICES - Briefly summa-
rize meteorological services to aircraft.
d. AVIATION SCHOOLS AND AERO CLUB FACILITIES
AND EQUIPMENT
H. Military potential
1. AIRCRAFT AVAILABILITY
Recapitulate from Subsections D and E above the
total civil aircraft strength of the nation, showing
totals by types. Estimate for each type the per-
centage normally operational, discussing mainte-
nance, personnel or other factors upon which the
estimate is based.
2. PERSONNEL READINESS
Recapitulate from Subsections D and E the total
number of pilots and other aviation personnel en-
gaged in civil air activities, showing totals by type
of employment. Indicate the air reserve or other
personnel with military aviation training in each
category.
3. MOBILIZATION PLANS
Discuss in detail plans for integrating civil air
activities into the military air arm.
1. Means of identification
Describe the markings, emblems or insignia used
to identify national civil aircraft or to distinguish
major individual owners; and uniforms and insig-
nia worn in any phase of the civil aviation effort.
Black and white page-sized drawings or photo-
graphs with color notations may be utilized.
J. Personalities
Name the important personalities connected
with civil aviation including officials of the gov-
ernment, the airline companies and any other
important civil aviation activity, showing the posi-
tion held by each. Supply a brief biographical
sketch, to include aviation experience and political
affiliations, of the leading personalities.
K. Comments on principal sources
This Subsection is to serve the following pur-
poses :
1) To provide an evaluation of the principal
source material used in preparing the Section and
thereby inform the user of the general credibility to
be accorded the intelligence contained in the Sec-
tion.
2) To indicate those aspects of the subject about
which information is deficient or unavailable and
thereby provide collectors of information with col-
lection targets. In this connection, the principal
sources (not necessarily all sources) actually used
should be indicated.
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Section 38. Telecommunications
1. BACKGROUND AND SIGNIFICANCE
Brief history of telecommunications, including
basic reason for development of telecommunica-
tions facilities (political, economic, military)
Relative importance of different media
Extent of integration of various media
Over-all telecommunication coverage, adequacy,
and service capabilities
General plans for expansion or change
Specific effect of special topographic or meteor-
ological conditions on telecommunications
2. ADMINISTRATION AND CONTROL
Government administration (including chart)
Personnel:
Names of top-level personnel
Educational facilities for technical personnel
Technical abilities of native personnel and use of for-
eign personnel in operation or maintenance of
facilities
Censorship policy, regulations, and procedure,
and location of censorship offices
3. SOURCE OF EQUIPMENT
Imports and exports of raw material and tele-
communications materiel
Domestic production of telecommunications
materiel
Support provided by domestic research and de-
velopment
4. MAJOR ASPECTS OF PRIVACY SYSTEMS
B. Military appreciation and vulnerability
1. MILITARY USE OF TELECOMMUNICA-
TIONS SYSTEMS
National policy concerning use of telecommuni-
cations facilities by the military in peace time and
war time
Reserve capacity available for military use
Capacity available by confiscation
Adaptability of systems and facilities to military
use
2. VULNERABILITY
Physical and electrical features which contribute
to vulnerability or lack of vulnerability, including
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critical aspects of power and emergency power
sources, and aspects especially susceptible to dam-
age by sabotage
Potential bottlenecks-points of heavy traffic
with minimum possibility of rerouting in event
existing service is disrupted.
C. Domestic facilities
1. GENERAL
Special government administrative controls con-
cerning domestic facilities, including assignment
of call letter blocks and prescribing amateur regu-
lations
Operational organizations and their relationship
to other domestic or foreign organizations:
Names of key personnel of operating organizations
Number, nationalities, and efficiencies of personnel
in operating organizations
2. TELEPHONE
Adequacy, efficiency, and dependability of tele-
phone service; interconnection and integration
with other facilities
Analysis of service rendered by systems shown on
accompanying wire map:
Capability to accommodate centers of population and
geographic areas
Patterns and significance of various networks
Traffic capacities of circuits and exchanges
Operating condition of equipment
Services offered by special and private networks
(utilities, railways, pipelines, airfields, etc.)
Services other than telephone provided by the sys-
tems
Use of power lines for transmission of telecommuni-
cations
Location, availability, and capabilities of repair
shops and personnel
Location and content of major warehouses or
depots
3. TELEGRAPH
Same type coverage as for telephone. If all tele-
phone and telegraph systems use joint facilities,
Subsections 2 and 3 may be combined
4. RADIO
a. COMMUNICATIONS - Adequacy, efficiency,
and dependability of service; interconnection and
integration with other facilities
Analysis of service rendered by stations and net-
works shown on accompanying radio map :
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CHAPTER III JUNE 1951
Capabilities to accommodate centers of population
and geographic areas
Present and potential traffic capacities
Operating condition of equipment
Significance of amateur potential
Services offered by special communications networks
Facsimile service
Location, availability, and capabilities of repair
shops and personnel
Location, availability, and content of major ware-
houses or depots
b. BROADCASTING (INCLUDE FM AND TELEVI-
SION) - Adequacy, efficiency, and dependability of
broadcasting service; interconnection and integra-
tion with other facilities
Analysis of service rendered by stations and net-
works shown on accompanying radio map :
Present and potential country coverage and approxi-
mate service areas of stations and networks
Services offered by special broadcast networks
Services offered by public address systems
Operating condition of equipment
Critical aspects of relay and remote control arrange-
ments
Number, types, and distribution of receiver sets
Location, availability, and capabilities of repair
shops and personnel
Location, availability, and content of major ware-
houses and depots
C. OTHER
Major aspects of civil radar, navigational devices,
meteorological and ionospheric stations, and direc-
tion finders
Use of radio link
D. International facilities
1. GENERAL
Adequacy, efficiency, and dependability of service
Analysis of service capabilities of facilities shown
on accompanying telecommunications map :
Present and potential traffic capacities and effect on
all telecommunications
Names of key personnel of operating organizations
Number, nationalities, and efficiencies of personnel in
operating organizations
2. SUBMARINE CABLES
Adequacy, efficiency, and dependability of sub-
marine cable service; integration and interconnec-
tion with other facilities
Analysis of service capabilities of cables shown
on accompanying country telecommunications
map :
Present and potential traffic capacities and effect on
all telecommunications
Operating condition of cables and terminal equipment
Number of international circuits
Cable huts and terminals
Location, availability, and capabilities of repair
shops and personnel
Location, availability, and content of major ware-
houses or depots
3. LANDLINES
Adequacy, efficiency, and dependability of service
of lines shown on accompanying country map; in-
tegration and interconnection with other telecom-
munication facilities
Analysis of service capabilities :
Present and potential traffic capacities
Operating condition of lines and equipment
Significance of international transit routes
Significance of points where lines cross the border
Location, availability, and capabilities of repair
shops and personnel
Location, availability, and content of major ware-
houses or depots
4. RADIO (Communications, Broadcasting,
Radiotelephone, Radiotelegraph and Facsimile)
Adequacy, efficiency, and dependability of serv-
ice; interconnection with other countries and in-
tegration with domestic facilities
Analysis of service capabilities:
Present and potential traffic capacities
Operating condition of equipment
International broadcast coverage
Number of international circuits
Major aspects of monitoring, jamming, clandes-
tine, and Voice of America relay stations
Location, availability, and capabilities of repair
shops and personnel
Location, availability, and content of major ware-
houses and depots
E. Comments on principal sources
This Subsection is to serve the following pur-
poses:
1) To provide an evaluation of the principal
source material used in preparing the Section and
thereby inform the user of the general credibility to
be accorded the intelligence contained in the
Section.
2) To indicate those aspects of the subject about
which information is deficient or unavailable and
thereby provide collectors of information with col-
lection targets. In this connection, the principal
sources (not necessarily all sources) actually used
should be indicated.
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