NATIONAL BASIC INTELLIGENCE FACTBOOK

Document Type:

CREST

Collection:

General CIA Records

Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST):

CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010002-6

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RIFPUB

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Document Page Count:

243

Document Creation Date:

December 16, 2016

Document Release Date:

October 5, 2004

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Case Number:

Publication Date:

July 1, 1977

Content Type:

BOOK

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CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010002-6.pdf	24.91 MB

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JUlXp ov7d?or Release 2004/11/01: CIA-RDP79-01051A000900010002-6 z II Pig -I 0 0 a DIA and DOS completed. C) Un C) w 0 0 v C 40 V review(s) National Basic Intelligence FACT OOK GC BIF 77-002 (U) Approved For Release 2004/11/01: CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010-O0,2i&77 Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 The National Basic Intelligence Factbook, a compilation of basic data on political entities worldwide, is coordinated and published semiannually by the Central Intelligence Agency. The data are prepared by components of the Central Intelligence Agency, the Defense Intelligence Agency, and the Department of State. Comments and suggestions regarding the contents should be addressed to the Office of Geographic and Carto- graphic Research (Att: Factbook) Central Intelligence Agency, Washington, D.C. 20505. The publication is prepared for the use of U.S. Government officials. The format, coverage and contents of the publication are designed to meet the specific requirements of those users. U.S. Government officials may obtain additional copies of this document directly or through liaison channels from the Central Intelligence Agency. Non-U.S. Government users may obtain this along with similar CIA publications on a subscription basis by addressing inquiries to: Document Expediting (DOCEX) Project Exchange and Gifts Division Library of Congress Washington, D.C. 20540 Non-U.S. Government users not interested in the DOCEX Project subscription service may purchase reproductions of spe- cific publications on an individual basis from: Photoduplication Service Library of Congress Washington, D.C. 20540 Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 National Basic Intelligence FACTBOOK July 1977 Supersedes the January 1977 issuance of this Factbook, copies of which should be destroyed. Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 Entries in all capital letters refer to basic data sheets included in this Factbook Page Abbreviations for International Organizations ..................................................... x United Nations (U.N): Structure and Related Agencies ...................................... xii Abu Dhabi (see UNITED ARAB EMIRATES) AFGHANISTAN ....................................................................................................... 1 'Ajman (see UNITED ARAB EMIRATES) ALBANIA .................................................................................................................. 2 ALGERIA .................................................................................................................. 3 ANDORRA ............................................................................................................... 4 ANGOLA ................................................................................................................. 5 Anguilla (see ST. CHRISTOPHER-NEVIS) ANTIGUA ................................................................................................................. 6 ARGENTINA ............................................................................................................ 7 AUSTRALIA ............................................................................................................ 8 AUSTRIA .................................................................................................................. 10 Azores (see PORTUGAL) BAHAMAS, THE ..................................................................................................... 11 BAHRAIN ................................................................................................................. 12 Balearic Islands (see SPAIN) BANGLADESH ......................................................................................................... 13 BARBADOS .............................................................................................................. 14 BELGIUM ................................................................................................................. 15 BELIZE ...................................................................................................................... 17 BENIN ..................................................................................................................... 18 BERMUDA ................................................................................................................ 19 BHUTAN .................................................................................................................. 20 BOLIVIA ................................................................................................................... 20 BOTSWANA ............................................................................................................ 22 BRAZIL ..................................................................................................................... 23 British Honduras (see BELIZE) BRITISH SOLOMON ISLANDS .............................................................................. 24 BRUNEI .................................................................................................................... 25 BULGARIA ............................................................................................................... 26 BURMA .................................................................................................................... 27 BURUNDI ................................................................................................................. 28 Cabinda (see ANGOLA) CAMBODIA ............................................................................................................. 29 Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 July 1977 _C_ Page CAMEROON ............................................................................................................ 30 CANADA ................................................................................................................. 31 Canary Islands (see SPAIN) CAPE VERDE .......................................................................................................... 33 CENTRAL AFRICAN EMPIRE ................................................................................. 34 Ceylon (see SRI LANKA) CHAD ....................................................................................................................... 35 CHILE ....................................................................................................................... 36 CHINA, PEOPLES REPUBLIC OF .......................................................................... 38 CHINA, REPUBLIC OF .......................................................................................... 39 COLOMBIA .............................................................................................................. 40 COMOROS .............................................................................................................. 42 CONGO (Brazzaville) ............................................................................................. 43 Congo (Kinshasa) (see ZAIRE) COOK ISLANDS ..................................................................................................... 44 COSTA RICA .......................................................................................................... 45 CUBA ....................................................................................................................... 46 CYPRUS ................................................................................................................... 47 CZECHOSLOVAKIA ................................................................................................. 49 Dahomey (see BENIN) DENMARK ............................................................................................................... 50 DJIBOUTI (formerly French Territory of the Afars and Issas) ......................... 51 DOMINICA .............................................................................................................. 52 DOMINICAN REPUBLIC ......................................................................................... 53 Dubai (see UNITED ARAB EMIRATES) ECUADOR ................................................................................................................ 54 EGYPT ..................................................................................................................... 56 Ellice Islands (see TUVALU) EL SALVADOR ........................................................................................................ 57 EQUATORIAL GUINEA .......................................................................................... 58 ETHIOPIA ................................................................................................................ 59 FALKLAND ISLANDS (MALVINAS) ....................................................................... 60 FAROE ISLANDS .................................................................................................... 61 Fernando Po (see EQUATORIAL GUINEA) FIJI ........................................................................................................................... 62 FINLAND .................................................................................................................. 63 FRANCE .................................................................................................................. 65 FRENCH GUIANA .................................................................................................. 66 FRENCH POLYNESIA ............................................................................................. 67 Fujairah (see UNITED ARAB EMIRATES) iv Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 July 1977 Page -G- GAMBIA, THE ......................................................................................................... 69 GERMAN DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC .................................................................... 70 GERMANY, FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF .............................................................. .. 73 GHANA ................................................................................................................... 74 GIBRALTAR ............................................................................................................. GILBERT ISLANDS ................................................................................................ 75 . 75 GREECE .................................................................................................................. 77 GREENLAND ........................................................................................................... 78 GRENADA ............................................................................................................... 79 GUADELOUPE ......................................................................................................... 80 GUATEMALA .......................................................................................................... 81 GUINEA .................................................................................................................. 82 GUINEA-BISSAU ..................................................................................................... Guinea, Portuguese (see GUINEA-BISSAU) 83 GUYANA ................................................................................................................. -H-84 HAITI ....................................................................................................................... 86 HONDURAS ............................................................................................................. 87 HONG KONG ........................................................................................................ 88 HUNGARY ............................................................................................................... -I-89 ICELAND .................................................................................................................. 90 INDIA ........................................... ............................................................. 92 ................................... 93 INDONESIA ........................................................................ IRAN ........................................................................................................................ 95 ............................ IRAQ ...................................................................................................................... 96 IRELAND .......................................................................... 97 ISRAEL ..................................................................................................................... 99 ITALY ........................................................................................................................ 100 IVORY COAST ....................................................................................................... 101 JAMAICA ................................................................................................................ 103 JAPAN ..................................................................................................................... 104 JORDAN .................................................................................................................. -K-105 KENYA .................................................................................................................... 106 KOREA, NORTH .................................................................................................... 107 KOREA, SOUTH ...................................................................................................... 107 KUWAIT ................................................................................................................. -L- LAOS ........................................................................................................................ 110 LEBANON ................................................................................................................ 2 LESOTHO ............................................... ........................................................... 112 ...................... LIBERIA ............................................................................ ................. Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 LIBYA Page ....................................................................................................................... 115 LIECHTENSTEIN ....................................................................................................... 116 LUXEMBOURG ........................................................................................................ 117 MACAO ................................................................................................................... 118 MADAGASCAR ...........................: .......................................................................... 119 Madeira Islands (see PORTUGAL) Malagasy Republic (see MADAGASCAR) MALAWI .................................................................................................................. 121 MALAYSIA ............................................................................................................... 122 MALDIVES ............................................................................................................... MALI 124 ........................................................................................................................ 125 MALTA ..................................................................................................................... 126 MARTINIQUE ........................................................................................................... 127 MAURITANIA ........................................................................................................... 128 MAURITIUS ............................................................................................................. 129 MEXICO .......................................................................................................... MONACO ................................................................................................................ 1131 32 MONGOLIA ............................................................................................................. 133 MOROCCO ............................................................................................................. 134 MOZAMBIQUE ....................................................................................................... 135 -N- NAMIBIA .................................................................................................................. 136 NAURU .................................................................................................................... 138 NEPAL ...................................................................................................................... NETHERLANDS 138 ........................................................................................................ NETHERLANDS ANTILLES 140 ...................................................................................... 141 NEW CALEDONIA ................................................................................................. 142 NEW HEBRIDES ..................................................................................................... NEW ZEALAND 143 ................................................................................................. NICARAGUA .. ... 144 ........................................................................................................... 145 NIGER ...................................................................................................................... NIGERIA 147 ...................... ................................................................................. 148 Northern Rhodesia (see ZAMBIA) NORWAY ................................................................................................................. 149 -0- OMAN .......................................................................... ........................................... 151 -P- PAKISTAN ..................................................................... PANAMA 151 ............................................................................................................... PAPUA NEW GUINEA 153 ................................................................................. PARAGUAY ............................................................................................................. 154 Pemba (see TANZANIA) 155 PERU ......................... PHILIPPINES 156 ............................................................................................................. 158 vi Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 July 1977 Page POLAND .................................................................................................................. 159 PORTUGAL .............................................................................................................. 161 Portuguese Guinea (see GUINEA-BISSAU) Portuguese Timor (see INDONESIA) Ras al Khaimah (see UNITED ARAB EMIRATES) REUNION ................................................................................................................ 163 RHODESIA .............................................................................................................. 164 Rio Muni (see EQUATORIAL GUINEA) ROMANIA ................................................................................................................ 166 RWANDA ................................................................................................................. 167 ST. CHRISTOPHER-NEVIS-ANGUILLA ................................................................... 168 ST. LUCIA ............................................................................................................... 169 ST. VINCENT ......................................................................................................... 170 SAN MARINO ........................................................................................................ 170 SAO TOME and PRINCIPE .................................................................................. 172 SAUDI ARABIA ...................................................................................................... 173 SENEGAL ................................................................................................................. 174 SEYCHELLES ............................................................................................................ 175 Sharjah (see UNITED ARAB EMIRATES) SIERRA LEONE ..................................................................................................... 176 SINGAPORE ............................................................................................................ 177 SOMALIA ................................................................................................................. 178 SOUTH AFRICA ..................................................................................................... 179 Southern Rhodesia (see RHODESIA) SPAIN ...................................................................................................................... 182 Spanish Sahara (see WESTERN SAHARA) SRI LANKA (formerly Ceylon) ............................................................................... 184 SUDAN .................................................................................................................... 185 SURINAM ................................................................................................................ 186 SWAZILAND ............................................................................................................ 188 SWEDEN .................................................................................................................. 189 SWITZERLAND ........................................................................................................ 190 SYRIA ...................................................................................................................... 192 Tanganyika (see TANZANIA) TANZANIA .............................................................................................................. 193 Tasmania (see AUSTRALIA) THAILAND ............................................................................................................... 194 TOGO ..................................................................................................................... 195 TONGA .................................................................................................................... 197 vii Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 -T- Page Transkei (see SOUTH AFRICA) TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO .................................................................................... 197 TUNISIA .................................................................................................................. 199 TURKEY .................................................................................................................... 200 TUVALU (formerly Ellice Islands) ........................................................................... 201 UGANDA ................................................................................................................ 202 Umm al Qaiwain (see UNITED ARAB EMIRATES) U.S.S.R .................................................................................................................... 203 UNITED ARAB EMIRATES: Abu Dhabi, 'Ajman, Dubai, Fujairah, Ras al Khaimah, Sharjah, Umm al Qaiwain ................................................... 204 United Arab Republic (see EGYPT) UNITED KINGDOM ............................................................................................... 205 UNITED STATES ..................................................................................................... 220 UPPER VOLTA ........................................................................................................ 207 URUGUAY ................................................................................................................ 208 VATICAN CITY ....................................................................................................... 209 VENEZUELA ............................................................................................................. 210 VIETNAM ................................................................................................................ 211 WALLIS and FUTUNA ............................................................................................ 212 Walvis Bay (see SOUTH AFRICA) WESTERN SAHARA (formerly Spanish Sahara) .................................................. 213 WESTERN SAMOA ................................................................................................ 214 YEMEN (Aden) ........................................................................................................ 215 YEMEN (Sana) ........................................................................................................ 216 YUGOSLAVIA .......................................................................................................... 217 ZAIRE ...................................................................................................................... 218 ZAMBIA ................................................................................................................... 219 Zanzibar (see TANZANIA) viii Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 Additional copies may be obtained from CIA Map Library I CANADA II MIDDLE AMERICA III SOUTH AMERICA IV EUROPE V THE MIDDLE EAST VI AFRICA VII U.S.S.R. and ASIA VIII OCEANIA Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 AAPSO Afro-Asian People's Solidarity Organization ADB Asian Development Bank AFDB African Development Bank ANZUS ANZUS Council; treaty signed by Australia, New Zealand, and the United States ASEAN Association of Southeast Asian Nations ASPAC Asian and Pacific Council BENELUX Belgium, Netherlands, Luxembourg Economic Union BLEU Belgium-Luxembourg Economic Union CACM Central American Common Market CARICOM Caribbean Common Market CARIFTA Caribbean Free Trade Association CEAO West African Economic Community CEMA Council for Economic Mutual Assistance CENTO Central Tready Organization Colombo Plan . . . . Council of Europe DAC Development Assistance Committee (OECD) EAMA African States assiciated with the EEC EC European Communities (EEC, ECSC, EURATOM) ECOWAS Economic Community of West African States ECSC European Coal and Steel Community EEC European Economic Community (Common Market) EFTA European Free Trade Association EIB European Investment Bank ELDO European Space Vehicle Launcher Development Organization EMA European Monetary Agreement ENTENTE Political-Economic Association of Ivory Coast, Dahomey, Niger, Upper Volta, and Togo ESRO European Space Research Organization EURATOM European Atomic Energy Community IADB Inter-American Defense Board IDB Inter-American Development Bank IEA International Energy Agency (Associated with OECD) IHO International Hydrographic Organization IPU Inter-Parliamentary Union IRC International Red Cross LAFTA Latin American Free Trade Association LICROSS League of Red Cross Societies NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization OAS Organization of American States OAU Organization of African Unity OCAM Afro-Malagasy and Mauritian Common Organization ODECA Organization of Central American States OECD Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development X Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 ABBREVIATIONS FOR INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS (Cont.) SELA UDEAC UEAC WEU WPC Latin American Economic System Economic and Customs Union of Central Africa Union of Central African States Western European Union World Peace Council AIOEC Association of Iron Ore Exporting Countries ANRPC Association of Natural Rubber Producing Countries APC African Peanut (Groundnut) Council ASSIMER International Mercury Producers Association CIPEC Intergovernmental Council of Copper Exporting IATP International Association of Tungsten Producers IBA International Bauxite Association ICAC International Cotton Advisory Committee ICCO International Cocoa Council ICO International Coffee Organization International Lead and Zinc Study IOOC International Olive Oil Council ISO International Sugar Organization ITC International Tin Council IWC International Whaling Commission IWC International Wheat Council OAPEC Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting OPEC Organization Exporting UPEB Union of Banana Exporting Countries WSG International Wool Study Group Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 UNITED NATIONS (U.N.): STRUCTURE AND RELATED AGENCIES Principal Organs: SC GA ECOSOC TC ICJ Operating Bodies: UNCTAD TDB UNDP UNICEF UNIDO Regional Economic ECA ECE ECLA ECWA ESCAP Intergovernmental FAO GATT IBRD ICAO IDA IFAD IFC ILO IMCO IMF (FUND) ITU UNESCO UPU WFC WHO WMO Autonomous IAEA Security Council General Assembly Economic and Social Council Trusteeship Council International Court of Justice Secretariat U.N. Conference on Trade and Development Trade and Development Board U.N. Development Program U.N. Children's Fund U.N. Industrial Development Organization Commissions: Economic Commission for Africa Economic Commission for Europe Economic Commission for Latin America Economic Commission for Western Asia Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific Agencies Related to the U.N.: Food and Agriculture Organization General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (World Bank) International Civil Aviation Organization International Development Association (IBRD Affiliate) International Fund for Agricultural Development International Finance Corporation (IBRD Affiliate) International Labor Organization Inter-Governmental Maritime Consultative Organization International Monetary Fund International Telecommunication Union Scientific, and Cultural Organization World Meteorological Organization United Nations Educational, Universal Postal Union World Food Council World Health Organization Organization Under the U.N.: International Atomic Energy Agency xii Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 Political, sociological, and economic data, including monetary conversion rates, generally reflect information through mid-April 1977, except for population estimates, which have been projected to 1 July 1977. Military manpower estimates are as of 1 January 1977 except for average number of males reaching military age, which are projected averages for the 5-year period 1977-81. Military and communications data are as of 30 April 1977 unless otherwise indicated. Most of the land utilization estimates are rough approximations, and most of the statistical data are rounded (thousands and millions). Figures for "arable" may reflect only the area actually under crops rather than the potential cultivable. Fishing limits are included only when they differ from the territorial limits. For some countries GDP, rather than GNP, is shown. The difference between the two is in the addition or subtraction of the value of return on foreign investment. GDP equals GNP plus income earned in the country but sent abroad, minus income earned abroad but sent into the country. GDP thus tends to exceed GNP in debtor countries, and the reverse is true in creditor countries. Major ports are the largest maritime ports of the country, relative to other ports of the same country, on the basis of estimated port capacity, alongside berthing accommodations, and commercial or naval importance. Minor ports are the remaining ports of a country which have, relative to the major ports, significantly lower estimated port capacity, fewer alongside berthing accommodations, are of less commercial or naval importance. Major transport aircraft are those weighing over 20,000 pounds. Military budgets are in U.S. dollar equivalents. The dollar sign refers to U.S. dollars unless otherwise stated. The abbreviation FY stands for U.S. fiscal year; all years are calendar years unless otherwise indicated. Symbol When You Know Multiply by To Find Symbol Symbol When You Know Multiply by To Find Symbol LENGTH LENGTH mm millimeters 0.04 inches in in inches 2.5 centimeters cm cm centimeters 0.4 inches in it feet 30 centimeters cm m meters 3.3 feet it yd yards 0.9 meters m m meters 1.1 yards yd mi miles 1.6 kilometers km km kilometers 0.6 miles mi AREA AREA in' square inches 6.5 square centimeters cm' cm' square centimeters 0.16 square inches in' ft' square feet 0.09 square meters m' m' square meters 1.2 square yards yd' yd' square yards 0.8 square meters m' km' square kilometers 0.4 square miles mi' i' square miles 2.6 square kilometers km' ha hectares (10,000 m') 2.5 acres acres 0.4 hectares ha g gram 0.035 ounces oz on ounces 28 grams kg kilograms 2.2 pounds lb lb pounds 0.45 kilograms t tonnes (1000 kg) 1.1 short tons short tons 0.9 tonnes I liters 2.1 pints pt tsp teaspoons 5 milliliters ml 1 liters 1.06 quarts qt Tbsp tablespoons 15 milliliters ml 1 liters 0.26 gallons gal fl on fluid ounces 30 milliliters ml m' cubic meters 35 cubic feet ft' c cups 0.24 liters m' cubic meters 1.3 cubic yards yd' pt pints 0.47 liters qt gal it, yd' quarts 0.95 gallons 3.8 cubic feet 0.03 cubic yards 0.76 liters liters cubic meters cubic meters I m' Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 Government leaders: President Mohammad Daoud; Mohammad Naim, Daoud's brother and personal adviser Suffrage: universal from age 18 Elections: before November 1979 Political parties and leaders: Party of National Revolu- tion, only legal party under constitution, is in process of formation Communists: there are two pro-Moscow Communist groups, Parcham and Khalq, believed to have several hundred active members, and a smaller pro-Peking group, Sholaye-Jaweid Other political or pressure groups: most military officers support the government; no known organized opposition Member of: ADB, Colombo Plan, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, ILO, IMF, ITU, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO, WSG LAND 647,500 km2; 22% arable (12% cultivated, 10% pasture), 751% desert, waste or urban, 3% forested Land boundaries: 5,510 km PEOPLE Population: 20,037,000 (July 1977), average annual growth rate 2.3% (7-72 to 7-73) Nationality: noun-Afghan(s); adjective-Afghan Ethnic divisions: 50% Pushtuns, 25% Tajiks, 9% Uzbeks, 9% Hazaras; minor ethnic groups include Chahar Aimaks, Turkmen, Kizelbashes, and others Religion: 87% Sunni Muslim, 12% Shia Muslim, 1% other Language: 50% Pushtu, 35% Afghan Persian (Dari), 11% Turkic languages (primarily Uzbek and Turkmen), 10% thirty minor languages (primarily Baluchi and Pashai); much bilingualism Literacy: under 10% Labor force: about 5.75 million (FY77 est.); 75%-80% agriculture and animal husbandry, 20%-25% commerce, small industry, services; massive shortage of skilled labor Organized labor: none GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Afghanistan Type: republic Capital: Kabul Political subdivisions: 26 provinces with centrally ap- pointed governors Legal system: based on Islamic law; constitution adopted February 1977; semi-independent judiciary; legal education at University of Kabul; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: executive dominant; legislature is to begin functioning in November 1977; judiciary consists of High Judicial Council (to begin functioning in June 1978) and lower courts. Party of National Revolution has some government functions. ECONOMY GNP: $2.25 billion (FY77), $132 per capita; real growth rate about 2.5% (1973-77) Agriculture: agriculture and animal husbandry account for over 50% of GNP and occupy nearly 85% of the labor force; main crops-wheat and other grains, cotton, fruits, nuts; largely self-sufficient; food shortages-wheat, sugar, tea Major industries: cottage industries, food processing, textiles, cement, coal mining Electric power: 320,000 kW capacity (1976); 580 million kWh produced (1976), 29 kWh per capita Exports: $234 million (f.o.b., FY76); fresh and dried fruits, natural gas, karakul skins, carpets, hides, and wool Imports: $278 million (f.o.b., FY76); non-metallic miner- als, sugar, tires and tubes, textiles, tea, used clothing, tobacco, transportation Major trade partners: exports-U.S.S.R., India, U.K., Pakistan, West Germany, Switzerland, U.S.; imports-Japan, U.S.S.R., India, West Germany, U.K., U.S. Aid: economic-U.S.S.R (1954-75), $1,275 million ex- tended, $638 million drawn; Eastern Europe (1954-75), $39 million extended, $11 million drawn; China (1965-75), $74 million extended, $28 million drawn; U.S. (FY49-75), $514 million committed; international organizations (1946-75), $152 million; military-U.S.S.R. (1956-75), $617 million extended, $449 million drawn; Eastern Europe (1955-75), $31 million extended, $23 million drawn; U.S. (FY53-75), $5 million committed Budget: current expenditures $158 million, capital expenditures $163 million for FY76 Monetary conversion rate: 45 Afghanis=US$1 (official); 55 Afghanis=US$1 (March 1976) Fiscal year: 21 March-20 March COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 0.5 km (single track) 1.524-meter gage, government-owned spur of Soviet line Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 Highways: 20,885 km (1975); 2,460 km paved, 3,910 km gravel, 8,735 km improved earth, and 5,780 km unimproved earth Inland waterways: total navigability 1,200 km; steamers use Amu Darya Ports: only minor river ports Civil air: 6 major transport aircraft Airfields: 38 total, 36 usable; 9 with permanent-surface runways; 6 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 11 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: limited telephone, telegraph, and radiobroadcast services; television to be introduced by 1978; 29,000 telephones; 112,000 radio receivers; no TV receivers; 2 AM, no FM, no TV stations DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, about 5.1 million; 2.7 million fit for military service; about 178,000 reach military age (22) annually Supply: dependent on foreign sources, almost exclusively the U.S.S.R. Military budget: estimated expenditures for fiscal year ending 31 March 1977, about $59.5 million; approximately 10.6% of central government budget LAND 28,749 km2; 19% arable, 24% other agricultural, 43% forested, 14% other Land boundaries: 716 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 15 nm Coastline: 418 km (including Sazan Island) PEOPLE Population: 2,529,000 (July 1977), average annual growth rate 2.4% (current) Nationality: noun-Albanian(s); adjective-Albanian Ethnic divisions: 96% Albanian, remaining 4% are Greeks, Vlachs, Gypsies, and Bulgarians Religion: 70% Muslim, 20% Albanian Orthodox, 10% Roman Catholic (observances prohibited; Albania claims to be the world's first atheist state) Language: Albanian, Greek Literacy: about 70%; no reliable current statistics avail- able, but probably greatly improved Labor force: 911,000 (1969); 60.5% agriculture, 17.9% industry, 21.6% other nonagricultural GOVERNMENT Legal name: Peoples Socialist Republic of Albania Type: Communist state Capital: Tirane Political subdivisions: 27 rethet (districts), including capital, 200 localities, 2,600 villages Legal system: based on constitution adopted in 1976; judicial review of legislative acts only in the Presidium of the People's Assembly, which is not a true court; legal education at State University of Tirane; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: People's Assembly, Council of Ministers, judiciary Government leaders: Chairman of Council of Ministers, Mehmet Shehu; Chairman Presidium of the People's Assembly, Haxhi Lleshi (Chief of State) Suffrage: universal and compulsory over age 18 Elections: national elections theoretically held every 4 years; last elections 6 October 1974; 99.9% of electorate voted Political parties and leaders: Albanian Workers Party only; First Secretary, Enver Hoxha Communists: 87,000 party members (1971) Member of: CEMA, IAEA, IPU, ITU, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WMO; has not participated in CEMA since rift with U.S.S.R. in 1961; officially withdrew from Warsaw Pact 13 September 1968 ECONOMY GNP: $1.2 billion in 1972 (at 1972 prices), $520 per capita Agriculture: food deficit area; main crops-corn, wheat, tobacco, sugar beets, cotton; food shortages-wheat; caloric intake, 2,100 calories per day per capita (1961/62) Major industries: agricultural processing, textiles and clothing, lumber, and extractive industries Shortages: spare parts, machinery and equipment, wheat Electric power: 500,000 kW capacity (1976); 1.7 billion kWh produced (1976), 710 kWh per capita Exports: $91 million (1970 est.); 1964 trade-55% minerals, metals, fuels; 23% foodstuffs (including cigarettes); 17% agricultural materials (except foods); 5% consumer goods 2 Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 Imports: $159 million (1970 est.); 1964 trade-50% machinery, equipment, and spare parts; 16% minerals, metals, fuels, construction materials; 16% foodstuffs; 7% consumer goods; 7% fertilizers, other chemicals, rubber; 4% agricultural materials (except foodstuffs) Monetary conversion rate: 5 leks=US$1 (commercial); 12.5 leks=US$1 (noncommercial) Fiscal year: same as calendar year; economic data reported for calendar years except for caloric intake, which is reported for consumption year 1 July-30 June COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 277 km standard gage (1.435 m), single track, government-owned (1975) Highways: 4,989 km; 1,287 km paved, 1,609 km crushed stone and/or gravel, 2,093 km improved or unimproved earth (1975) Inland waterways: 43 km plus Albanian sections of Lake Scutari, Lake Ohrid, and Lake Prespa (1977) Freight carried: rail-2.8 million metric tons, 180 million metric ton/km (1971); highways-39 million metric tons, 900 million metric ton/km (1971) Ports: 2 major (Durres, Vlore), 2 minor (1977) Pipelines: crude oil, 117 km; natural gas, 64 km DEFENSE FORCES Military budget (announced): for fiscal year ending 31 December 1976, 783 million leks; about 11% of total budget Atlantic Ocean Algiei MD PEOPLE Population: 17,836,000 (July 1977), average annual growth rate 3.].% (7-74 to 7-76) Nationality: noun-Algerian(s); adjective-Algerian Ethnic divisions: 99% Arab-Berbers, less than 1% Europeans Religion: 99% Muslim, 1% Christian and Hebrew Language: Arabic (official), French, Berber dialects Literacy: 25% (5% Arabic, 9% French, 11% both) Labor force: 3.3 million; 50% agriculture, 20% industry, 25% other (military, police, civil service, transportation workers, teachers, merchants, construction workers); at least 20% of urban labor unemployed Organized labor: 17% of labor force claimed; General Union of Algerian Workers (UGTA) is the only labor organization and is subordinate to the National Liberation Front GOVERNMENT Legal name: Democratic and Popular Republic of Algeria Type: republic Capital: Algiers Political subdivisions: 31 Wilayas (departments or provinces) Legal system: based on French and Islamic law, with socialist principles; new constitution adopted by referendum November 1976; judicial review of legislative acts in ad hoc Constitutional Council composed of various public officials, including several Supreme Court justices; Supreme Court divided into 4 chambers; legal education at Universities of Algiers, Oran and Constantine; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: executive dominant; unicameral legislature will be reconvened in February 1976; judiciary Government leader: Houari Boumediene, President of State and President of Council of the Revolution, overthrew elected President Ahmed Ben Bella June 19, 1965 Suffrage: uniiversal over age 19 Elections (latest): presidential December 10, 1976; departmental assemblies June 2, 1974; local assemblies March 30, 1975; legislative elections held February 25, 1977 Political parties and leaders: National Liberation Front (FLN) Communists: 400 (est.); Communist Party illegal (banned 1962) Member of: AFDB, AIOEC , Arab League, ASSIMER, FAO, GATT (de facto), IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, ILO, International Lead and Zinc Study Group, IMCO, IMF, IOOC, ITU, OAPEC, OAU, OPEC, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO /Ses ielerence map V/ LAND 2,460,500 km2; 3% cultivated, 16% pasture and meadows, 1% forested, 80% desert, waste, or urban Land boundaries: 6,260 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm Coastline: 1,183 km ECONOMY GNP: $15.3 billion (1976 provisional), $950 per capita, average annual increase since 1971 (current prices), 25%; in real terms, 6% growth in 1976 Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 Agriculture: main crops-wheat, barley, grapes, citrus fruits Major industries: petroleum, light industries, natural gas, mining, petrochemical, electrical, and automotive plants under construction Electric power: 1,437,000 kW capacity (1976); 4.0 billion kWh produced (1976), 231 kWh per capita Exports: $5 billion (f.o.b., 1976); 90% hydrocarbons, also wine, citrus fruit, iron ore, vegetables; U.S. took 36% of exports in 1976, supplanting France as Algeria's leading trade partner Imports: $5.5 billion (c.i.f., 1976); major items-capital goods 35%, semi-finished goods 38%, foodstuffs 25%; from France 25%, U.S. 9% Monetary conversion rate: 1 DA=US$0.24 Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 3,951 km; 2,665 km standard gage (1.435 m), 1,140 km 1.055-meter gage, 146 km meter gage (1.00 m); 302 km electrified; 193 km double track Highways: 78,367 km; 45,043 km concrete or bituminous, 33,324 km gravel, crushed stone or improved earth Ports: 9 major, 8 minor Pipelines: crude oil, 3,983 km; refined products, 298 km; natural gas, 2,969 km Civil air: 31 major transport aircraft Airfields: 185 total, 181 usable; 56 with permanent-sur- face runways; 22 with runways 2,440-3,659 m; 100 with runways 1,220-2,439 m; 3 seaplane stations Telecommunications: adequate domestic and interna- tional facilities in the north, primarily radio communications in the desert; one Atlantic Ocean satellite station; 250,400 telephones; 1,150,000 radio receivers; 500,000 TV receivers; 18 AM and 40 TV stations; 3 submarine cables DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 4,236,000; 2,499,000 fit for military service; average number reaching military age (19) annually 168,000 Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1977, $348 million; 5.8% of national budget LAND 466 km2 Land boundaries: 105 km PEOPLE Population: 27,000 (official estimate for 1 July 1975) Nationality: noun-Andorran(s); adjective-Andorran Ethnic divisions: Catalan stock; 30% Andorrans, 61% Spanish, 6% French, 3% other Religion: virtually all Roman Catholic Language: Catalan, many also speak some French and Castilian Labor force: unorganized; largely shepherds and farmers GOVERNMENT Legal name: The Valleys of Andorra Type: unique coprincipality under formal sovereignty of President of France and Spanish Bishop of Seo de Urgel, who are represented locally by officials called veguers Capital: Andorra Political subdivisions: 6 districts-Andorra la Vella, Sant Julia de Loria, Encamp, Canillo, La Massana, and Ordino Legal system: based on French and Spanish civil codes; Plan of Reform adopted 1866 serves as constitution; no judicial review of legislative acts; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: legislature (General Council) of 24 members with one-half elected every 2 years for 4-year term; executive-syndic and a deputy sub-syndic chosen by General Council for 3-year terms; judiciary chosen by coprinces who appoint 2 civil judges, a judge of appeals, and 2 Batles (court prosecutors) Suffrage: males of 21 or over who are third generation Andorrans vote for General Council members; same right granted to women in April 1970 Elections: half of General Council chosen every 2 years, last election December 1975 Political parties and leaders: traditionally no political parties but only partisans for particular independent candidates for the General Council, on the basis of competence, personality and orientation toward Spain or France; various small pressure groups developed in 1972; first formal political party-Andorran Democratic Associ- ation-formed in November 1976 Communists: negligible ECONOMY Agriculture: sheep raising; small quantities of tobacco, rye, wheat, barley, oats, and some vegetables (less than 4% of land is arable) 4 Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 Major industries: tourism ($1 million annually), one cigarette factory (annual output $1 million), handicrafts, smuggling (tobacco to France; manufactured items, includ- ing automobiles and cameras, to Spain) Shortages: food Electric power: 25,000 kW capacity (1976); 100 million kWh produced (1976), 5,263 kWh per capita; power is mainly exported to Spain and France Major trade partners: Spain, France COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: about 96 km Civil air: no major transport aircraft Airfields: none Telecommunications: international circuits to Spain and France; 2 AM stations, 1 FM, 1 TV station; about 3,900 telephones; 8,000 radio receivers, 3,000 TV receivers DEFENSE FORCES Andorra has no defense forces; Spain and France are responsible for protection as needed LAND 1,245,790 km2; 1% cultivated, 44% forested, 22% meadows and pastures, 33% other (including fallow) Land boundaries: 5,070 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 20 nm Coastline: 1,600 km PEOPLE Population: Angola, 6,295,000 (including Cabinda), (July 1977) does not take into account recent emigration from Angola, average annual growth rate 1.6% (12-60 to 12-70); Cabinda, 100,000 (July 1977), average annual growth rate 3.3% (12-60 to 12-70) Nationality: noun-Angolan(s); adjective-Angolan Ethnic divisions: 93% African, 5% European, 1% mestizo Religion: about 84% animist, 12% Roman Catholic, 4% Protestant Language: Portuguese (official), many native dialects Literacy: 10S7o-15% Labor force: 2.6 million economically active (1964); 531,000 wage workers (1967) Organized labor: approx. 65,000 (1967) GOVERNMENT Legal name: Peoples Republic of Angola Type: republic; achieved independence from Portugal in November 1975; constitution promulgated 1975; govern- ment formed after civil war which ended in early 1976 Capital: Luanda Political subdivisions: 16 administrative districts includ- ing the coastal enclave of Cabinda Legal system: to be determined Branches: the official party is the supreme political institution Government leaders: Agostinho Neto, President Suffrage: to be determined Elections: none held to date Political parties and leaders: Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA), led by Agostinho Neto, only legal party; National Front for the Liberation of Angola (FNLA) and National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA.), defeated in civil war, carrying out limited insurgencies Member of: UN ECONOMY GDP: $3.0 billion (1974 est.), $500 per capita, 6.1% real growth (1970-72); growth probably negative in 1975-76 because of civil war Agriculture: cash crops-coffee, sisal, corn, cotton, sugar, manioc, and tobacco; food crops-cassava, corn, vegetables, plantains, bananas, and other local foodstuffs; largely self-sufficient in food Fishing: catch 469,700 metric tons (1974); exports $52.9 million; imports $5.5 million (1973) Major industries: mining (oil, iron, diamonds), fish processing, brewing, tobacco, sugar processing, textiles, cement, food processing plants, building construction Electric power: 510,000 kW capacity (1976); 1.0 billion kWh produced (1976), 164 kWh per capita Exports: $1.2, billion (f.o.b., 1974); oil, coffee, diamonds, sisal, fish and fish products, iron ore, timber, corn, and cotton; exports down sharply in 1975 and 1976 Imports: $614 million (c.i.f., 1974); capital equipment (machinery and electrical equipment), wines, bulk iron and ironwork, steel and metals, vehicles and spare parts, textiles Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 and clothing, medicines; military deliveries partially offset drop in imports in 1975 Major trade partners: Portugal, West Germany, U.S., U.K., Japan; trade with U.S.S.R. and Cuba increasing since independence Aid: military aid from U.S.S.R. and Cuba in 1975 Budget: (1975) balanced at about $740 million by former Portuguese administration; budget not yet published by new government Monetary conversion rate: (still using Portuguese cur- rency) 31.994 escudos=US$1 as of January 1977 Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 3,069 km; 2,758 km 1.067-meter gage, 310 km 0.600-meter gage Highways: 73,828 km; 8,577 km bituminous-surface treatment, 28,723 km crushed stone, gravel, or improved earth, remainder unimproved earth Inland waterways: 3,220 km navigable Ports: 3 major (Luanda, Lobito, Mocamedes), 15 minor Pipelines: crude oil, 179 km Civil air: 15 major transport aircraft Airfields: 574 total, 500 usable; 25 with permanent-sur- face runways; 1 with runway over 3,660 m, 7 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 80 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: network of open-wire and radio- relay facilities; 1 Atlantic Ocean satellite station; 37,500 telephones; 116,000 radio receivers; 24 AM, 12 FM, and no TV stations DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 1,535,000; 766,000 fit for military service; average number reaching military age (20) annually, 61,000 LAND 280 km'; 54% arable, 5% pasture, 14% forested, 9% unused but potentially productive, 18% wasteland and built on WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 nm Coastline: 153 km PEOPLE Population: 72,000 (July 1977), average annual growth rate 1.2% (7-70 to 7-75) Nationality: noun-Antiguan(s); adjective-Antiguan Ethnic divisions: almost entirely African Negro Religion: Church of England (predominant), other Protestant sects and some Roman Catholic Language: English Literacy: about 80% Organized labor: 18,000, 20% unemployment GOVERNMENT Legal name: State of Antigua Type: dependent territory with full internalautonomy as a British "Associated State" Capital: St. Johns Political subdivisions: 6 parishes, 2 dependencies (Bar- buda, Redonda) Legal system: based on English law; British Caribbean Court of Appeal has exclusive original jurisdiction and an appellate jurisdiction, consists of Chief Justice and 5 justices Branches: legislative, 21-member popularly elected House of Representatives; executive, Prime Minister and Cabinet Government leaders: Premier Vere C. Bird, Sr.; Deputy Premier Lester Bird; Governor Sir Wilfred Ebenezer Jacobs Suffrage: universal suffrage age 18 and over Elections: every 5 years; last general election 11 February 1976 Political parties and leaders: Antigua Labor Party (ALP), Vere C. Bird, Sr., Lester Bird; Progressive Labor Movement (PLM), George Herbert Walter; Antigua People's Party (APP), J. Rowan Henry Voting strength: 1976 election-House of Representative seats-ALP 10, PLM 5, independent 1, tie 1 Communists: negligible Other political or pressure groups: Afro-Caribbean Liberation Movement (ACLM), a small black nationalist group led by Timothy Hector; Antigua Freedom Fighters (AFF), a small black radical group, leaders unknown Member of: CARICOM, ISO ECONOMY GDP: $51 million (1974 est.), $650 per capita; 2.7% real growth Agriculture: main crop, cotton Major industries: oil refining, tourism 6 Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 Shortages: electric power Electric power: 23,000 kW capacity (1976); 46 million kWh produced (1976), 639 kWh per capita Exports: $29 million (f.o.b., 1973); petroleum products, cotton Imports: $47 million (c.i.f., 1973); crude oil, food, clothing Major trade partners: 30% U.K., 25% U.S., 18% Commonwealth Caribbean countries Aid: economic-U.S. authorizations (FY46-75), $1.5 mil- lion in loans Monetary conversion rate: 2.70 East Caribbean dol- lars=US$1 (July 1976) COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 78 km narrow gage (0.760 m), employed almost exclusively for handling cane Highways: 380 km; 240 km main, 140 km secondary Ports: 1 major (St. John's), 1 minor Civil air: 8 major transport aircraft Airfields: 3 total, 3 usable; 1 with asphalt runway 2,745 m; 2 seaplane stations Telecommunications: automatic telephone system; 3,500 telephones; tropospheric scatter links with Tortola and St. Lucia; 22,000 radio receivers, 12,300 TV sets; 3 AM stations, 1 FM station, and 1 TV station; 1 coaxial submarine cable LAND 2,771,300 km'; 57% agricultural (11% crops, improved pasture and fallow, 46% natural grazing land), 25% forested, 18% mountain, urban, or waste Land boundaries: 9,414 km Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 200 nm (continen- tal shelf, including sovereignty over superjacent waters) Coastline: 4,989 km PEOPLE Population: 26,056,000 (July 1977), average annual growth rate 1.3% (current) Nationality: noun-Argentine(s); adjective-Argentine Ethnic divisions: approximately 85% white, 15% mestizo, Indian, or other nonwhite groups Religion: 90% nominally Roman Catholic (less than 20% practicing), 2% Protestant, 2% Jewish, 6% other Language: Spanish Literacy: 85% (90% in Buenos Aires) Labor force: 10 million; 19% agriculture, 25% manufac- turing, 20% services, 11% commerce, 6% transport and communications, 19% other; 4%-5% estimated unem- ployment Organized labor: 25% of labor force (est.) GOVERNMENT Legal name: Argentine Republic Type: republic Capital: Buenos Aires Political subdivisions: 22 provinces, 1 district (Federal Capital), and 1 territory Legal system: based on Spanish and French civil codes; constitution adopted 1853 partially superseded in 1966 by the Statute of the Revolution which takes precedence over the constitution when the two are in conflict, further changes may be made by new government; judicial review of legislative acts; legal education at University of Buenos Aires and other public and private universities; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: Presidency; legislature; national judiciary Government leader: President, Lt. General Jorge Rafael Videla, Commander in Chief of the Army, chosen by the three-man junl:a that took power on March 24, 1976 Government structure: the junta, composed of the chiefs of the three armed services, retains supreme authority; active duty or retired officers fill all but two cabinet posts and administer all provincial and many local governments; in addition, the military now oversee the nation's principal labor confederation and unions, as well as other civilian pressure groups; Congress has been disbanded and all political activity suspended; a nine-man Legislative Council, composed of senior officers, advises the junta on lawmaking Political parties: a number of civilian political groupings remain potentially influential, despite the suspension of all partisan activity; these include Justicialist Party (Peronist coalition that formerly governed) and the Radical Civic Union, center-left party providing the chief civilian opposition to the Peronists; the Moscow-oriented Communist Party remains legal, but extreme leftist splinter groups have been outlawed Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 Communists: some 70,000 members in various party organizations, including a small nucleus of activists Other political or pressure groups: Peronist-dominated labor movement, General Economic Confederation (Peron- ist-leaning association of small businessmen), Argentine Industrial Union (manufacturer's association), Argentine Rural Society (large landowner's association), business organizations, students, and the Catholic Church Member of: FAO, GATT, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, IDA, IDB, IFC, IHO, ILO, IMCO, IMF,.IOOC, ISO, ITU, IWC-International Whaling Commission, IWC-- International Wheat Council, LAFTA, OAS, SELA, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO, WSG, Non-Aligned Nations Group ECONOMY GNP: $42 billion (at average theoretical parity exchange rate, 1974), $1,510 per capita; 18% government consump- tion, 62% private consumption, 22% investment, - 2% net foreign demand (1975); real GDP growth rate 1976, - 2.9% Agriculture: main products-cereals, oilseeds, livestock products; Argentina is a major world exporter of temperate zone foodstuffs Fishing: catch 350,000 metric tons (1976 est.); exports $42 million (1976 est.) Major industries: food processing (especially meatpack- ing), motor vehicles, consumer durables, textiles, chemicals, printing, and metallurgy Crude steel: 2.4 million metric tons produced (1976), 90 kg per capita Electric power: 9 million kW capacity (1976); 30 billion kWh produced (1976), 1,166 kWh per capita Exports: $3.90 billion (f.o.b., 1976); meat, corn, wheat, wool, hides, oilseeds Imports: $3.05 billion (c.i.f., 1976); machinery, fuel and lubricating oils, iron and steel, intermediate industrial products Major trade partners (1975): exports-10% Italy, 10% U.S.S.R., 8% Netherlands, 7% Brazil, 6% U.S.; imports-16% U.S., 13% Japan, 11% FRG, 9% Brazil Aid: economic-extensions from U.S. (FY46-75), $990 million in loans, $17.9 million in grants; from international organizations (FY46-75), $1.4 billion; from other Western countries (1960-66), $315.5 million; from Communist countries (1954-75), $513 million ($56 million drawn); military-assistance from U.S. (FY46-75), $230 million Budget: (1977) 3,171 billion pesos=$8 billion at projected average parity exchange rate of about 400 pesos=US$1 Monetary conversion rate: official, 140 pesos=US$1; free market, 340 pesos=US$1 (April 1976) Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 38,971 km; 3,200 km standard gage (1.435 m), 22,000 km broad gage (1.676 m), 13,443 km meter gage (1.00 m), 120 km 0.75-meter gage, 208 km 0.600-meter gage; about 1,656 km double and multiple track; 122 km electrified Highways: 290,200 km, of which 39,500 km paved, 74,900 km gravel, 175,800 km improved earth Inland waterways: 11,000 km navigable Ports: 7 major, 21 minor Pipelines: 4,090 km crude oil; 2,200 km refined products; 8,120 km natural gas Civil air: 50 major transport aircraft, includes 1 leased from a foreign country Airfields: 2,358 total, 2,153 usable; 91 with permanent- surface runways; 21 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 305 with runways 1,220-2,439 m; 6 seaplane stations Telecommunications: extensive modern system; tele- phone network has 2,660,000 sets, radio relay widely used, 1 satellite station with 2 Atlantic Ocean antennas; estimated 12 million radio receivers and 4 million TV sets; 158 AM, 12 FM, and 64 TV stations DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 6,519,000; 5,254,000 fit for military service; average number reaching military age (20) annually about 219,000 Military budget: proposed for fiscal year ending 31 December 1976, $778.6 million; about 13% of total central government budget LAND 7,692,300 km2; 6% arable, 58% pasture, 2% forested, 34% other WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 nm (fishing, 12 nm; prawn and crayfish on continental shelf) Coastline: about 25,760 km 8 Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 PEOPLE Population: 13,861,000 (July 1977), average annual growth rate 1.6% (current) Nationality: noun-Australian(s); adjective-Australian Ethnic divisions: 99% Caucasian, 1% Asian and aborigine Religion: 98% Christian Language: English Literacy: 98.5% Labor force: 6 million; 14% agriculture, 32% industry, 37% services, 15% commerce, 2% other; 5% unemployment Organized labor: 44% of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Commonwealth of Australia Type: federal state recognizing Elizabeth II as sovereign or head of state Capital: Canberra Political subdivisions: 6 states and 2 territories (Austra- lian Capital Territory (Canberra) and Northern Territory) Legal system: based on English common law; constitution adopted 1900; High Court has jurisdiction over cases involving interpretation of the constitution; accepts compul- sory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations Branches: Parliament (House of Representatives and Senate); Prime Minister and Cabinet responsible to House; independent judiciary Government leaders: Governor General Sir John Kerr; Prime Minister John Malcolm Fraser Suffrage: universal over age 18 Elections: held at 3-year intervals, or sooner if Parliament is dissolved by Prime Minister; last election December 1975 Political parties and leaders: Government-Liberal Party (Malcolm Fraser) and National Country Party (Douglas Anthony); opposition-Labour Party (Gough Whitlam) Voting strength (1975 Parliamentary election): lower house: Liberal-Country Coalition, 92 seats; Labour Party, 35 seats; Senate: Liberal Country Coalition, 35 seats; Labour, 27 seats; Independents, 2 seats Communists: 3,900 members (est.) Other political or pressure groups: Democratic Labour Party (anti-Communist Labour Party splinter group) Member of: ADB, AIOEC, ANZUS, CIPEC (associate), Colombo Plan, Commonwealth, DAC, ELDO, ESCAP, FAO, GATT, IAEA, IATP, IBA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, IDA, IEA, IFC, IHO, ILO, International Lead and Zinc Study Group, IMCO, IMF, IOOC, IPU, ISO, ITC, ITU, IWC- International Whaling Commission, IWC-International Wheat Council, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO, WSG wool, livestock, wheat, fruits, sugarcane; self-sufficient in food; caloric intake, 3,300 calories per day per capita Fishing: catch 123,500 metric tons (1974); exports $94.5 million (FY75), imports $86.2 million (FY75) Major industries: mining, bauxite, industrial and trans- portation equipment, food processing, chemicals Crude steel: 7.9 million metric tons produced (FY1976), 580 kg per capita Electric power: 21,850,000 kW capacity (1976); 81.8 billion kWh produced (1976), 5,970 kWh per capita Exports: $12.9 billion (f.o.b., 1976); principal products (1975)-44% agricultural products, 14% metalliferous ores, 8% wool, 8% coal Imports: $11.0 billion (f.o.b., 1976) Major trade partners: (1975) exports-29% Japan, 10% U.S., 5% New Zealand, 5% U.K.; imports-20% U.S., 15% U.K., 18% Japan Aid: economic-Australian aid abroad $2.3 billion (FY65-75); $430 million (FY75), 55% for Papua New Guinea Budget: expenditures, A$22.9 billion; receipts A$18.7 billion (CY76) Monetary conversion rate: 0.92 Australian dollar=US$1 (A$1=US$1.09), February 1977 Fiscal year: 1 July-30 June COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 40,636 km; 9,197 km 1.60-meter gage, 13,394 km standard gage (1.435 m), 18,045 km 1.067-meter gage; 800 km electrified (June 1962); government-owned (except for few hundred kilometers of privately owned track) Highways: 863,767 km (1974); 208,227 km paved, 209,885 km gravel, crushed stone, or stabilized soil surface, 445,655 km unimproved earth Inland waterways: 8,368 km; mainly by small, shallow- draft craft Freight carried: rail-154.4 million metric tons Ports: 12 major, numerous minor Pipelines: crude oil, 740 km; refined products, 340 km; natural gas, 6,947 km Civil air: around 120 major transport aircraft Airfields: 1,731 total, 1,644 usable; 195 with permanent- surface runways, 2 with runways over 3,660 m; 17 with runways 2,440-?3,659 m, 649 with runways 1,220-2,439 m; 1 seaplane station Telecommunications: very good international and do- mestic service; 5.3 million telephones; 14 million radio receivers; 3.7 million TV receivers; 96 AM stations, no FM station, 120 TV stations and 66 repeaters; 3 earth satellite stations; submarine cables to New Zealand, New Guinea, Singapore, Malaysia, Hong Kong, and Guam DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 3,289,000; 2,906,000 fit for military service; 125,000 reach military age (17) annually Military budget: for fiscal year ending 30 June 1977, $2.7 billion; about 9% of total central government budget ECONOMY GNP: $93.6 billion (1976), $6,830 per capita; 60% private consumption, 16% government current expenditure, 24% investment (1975); real average annual growth (1970-75), 3% Agriculture: large areas devoted to livestock grazing; 60% of area used for crops is planted in wheat; major products- 9 Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 AUSTRIA YGOSLAVjA, :,; /See reference map LAND 8',916 km2; 20% cultivated, 26% meadows and pastures, 15% waste or urban, 38% forested, 1% inland water Land boundaries: 2,582 km PEOPLE Population: 7,520,000 (July 1977), average annual growth rate 0.1% (7-72 to 7-76) Nationality: noun-Austrian(s); adjective-Austrian Ethnic divisions: 98.1% German, 0.7% Croatian, 0.3% Slovene, 0.9% other Religion: 85% Roman Catholic, 7% Protestant, 8% none or other Language: German Literacy: 98% Labor force: 2,656,922 (1974); 18% agriculture and forestry, 49% industry and crafts, 18% trade and communi- cations, 7% professions, 6% public service, 2% other; 2.4% registered unemployed; an estimated 200,000 Austrians are employed in other European countries; foreign laborers in Austria number more than 200,000 (1972); unemployment 2.0% (August 1975) Organized labor: about two-thirds of wage and salary workers (1971) GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Austria Type: federal republic Capital: Vienna Political subdivisions: 9 states (Laender) including the capital Legal system: civil law system with Roman law origin; constitution adopted 1920, repromulgated in 1945; judicial review of legislative acts by a Constitutional Court; separate administrative and civil/penal supreme courts; legal educa- tion at Universities of Vienna, Graz, Innsbruck, Salzburg, and Linz; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Vienna, AUSTRIA July 1977 Branches: bicameral parliament, directly elected Presi- dent whose functions are largely representational, independ- ent federal judiciary Government leaders: President Rudolf Kirchschlaeger, Chancellor Bruno Kreisky leads a one-party Socialist government Suffrage: universal over age 19; compulsory for presiden- tial elections Elections: presidential, every 6 years (next 1980); parliamentary, every 4 years (next 1979) Political parties and leaders: Socialist Party of Austria (SPOe), Bruno Kreisky, Chairman; Austrian People's Party (OeVP), Josef Taus, Chairman; Liberal Party (FPOe), Friedrich Peter, Chairman; Communist Party, Franz Muhri, Chairman Voting strength (1975 election): 50.6% SPOe, 42.7% OeVP, 5.3% FPOe, 1.2% Communist Communists: membership 25,000 est.; activists 7,000-8,000 Other political or pressure groups: Federal Chamber of Commerce and Industry; Austrian Trade Union Federation (primarily Socialist); three composite leagues of the Austrian Peoples Party (OeVP) representing business, labor, and farmers; the OeVP-oriented League of Austrian Industrial- ists; Roman Catholic Church, including its chief lay organization, Catholic Action Member of: ADB, Council of Europe, DAC, ECE, EFTA, EMA, ESRO (observer), FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, IDA, IEA, IFC, ILO, International Lead and Zinc Study Group, IMF, ITU, IWC-International Wheat Coun- cil, OECD, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO, WSG ECONOMY GNP: $40.6 billion (1976), $5,100 per capita; 56.3% consumption, 26.7% investment, 16.6% government, 0.3% stock building; 0.1% net foreign balance (1975); 1976 real GNP growth rate, 4.0% Agriculture: livestock, cereals, potatoes, sugar beets; 84% self-sufficient; caloric intake 3,230 calories per day per capita (1969-70) Major industries: foods, iron and steel, machinery, textiles, chemicals, electrical, paper and pulp Crude steel: 4.5 million metric tons produced (1976), 600 kg per capita (1976) Electric power: 11 million kW capacity (1976); 36.6 billion kWh produced (1976), 4,855 kWh per capita Exports: $8.5 billion (f.o.b., 1976); iron and steel products, machinery and equipment, lumber, textiles and clothing, paper products, chemicals Imports: $11.2 billion (c.i.f., 1976); machinery and equipment, chemicals, textiles, coal, petroleum, foodstuffs Major trade partners: (1975) 40% West Germany, 8.1% Italy, 6.7% Switzerland, 4.1% France, 2.9% U.S.; 54% EC; 14% EFTA; 13% Communist countries 10 Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 July 1977 Aid: economic-authorized-U.S., $1,218 million through FY73; IBRD, $105 million through FY73, none since FY62; military-U.S., $116 million (FY52-73); net official eco- nomic aid delivered to less developed areas and multilateral agencies-$205 million (FY62-72), $40.2 million (1973) and $59.3 million (1974) Budget: expenditures, $12.4 billion; revenues, $9.9 billion; deficit $2.5 billion (1976) Monetary conversion rate: 17.94 shillings=US$1, 1976 average Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 6,517 km; 5.877 km government-owned; 5,397 km standard gage (1.435 m) of which 2,384 km electrified and 1,333 km double tracked; 480 km narrow gage(0.760 m) of which 91 km electrified; 640 km privately owned (1.435- and 1.00-meter gage) Highways: approximately 33,600 km total national classified network, including 10,400 km federal and 23,200 km provincial roads; about 20,800 km paved (bituminous, concrete, stone block) and 12,800 km unpaved (gravel, crushed stone, stabilized soil); additional 60,800 km commu- nal roads (mostly gravel, crushed stone, earth) Inland waterways: 427 km Ports: 2 major river (Vienna, Linz) Pipelines: 554 km crude oil; 2,611 km natural gas; 171 km refined products Civil air: 13 major transport aircraft, including 1 registered but leased from a foreign country Airfields: 54 total, 50 usable; 13 with permanent-surface runways; 3 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 7 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: highly developed and efficient; extensive TV and radiobroadcast systems with 90 AM, 94 FM, and 295 TV stations; 2.21 million telephones; 2.69 million radio receivers; 2.05 million television receivers DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 1,725,000; 1,389,000 fit for military service; average number reaching military age (19) annually about 59,000 Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1977, $606 million; about 4.2% of the federal budget THE BAHAMAS LAND 11,396 km2; 1% cultivated, 29% forested, 70% built on, wasteland, and other WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 nm (fishing 12 nm) Coastline: 3,542 km (New Providence Is. 76 km) UNITED SLATES Nassau THE BAHAMAS ---> ' `? INICAN Caribbean Sea REPUBLIC (See reference map II) PEOPLE Population: 216,000 (July 1977), average annual growth rate 2.8% (7-73 to 7-75) Nationality: noun-Bahamian (sing., pl.); adjective- Bahamian Ethnic divisions: 80% Negro, 10% white, 10% mixed Religion: Baptists 29%, Church of England 23%, Roman Catholic 23%, smaller groups of other Protestant, Greek Orthodox, and Jews Language: English Labor force: 84,228 (1976), 25% organized; 21% unem- ployment (1975) GOVERNMENT Legal name: The Commonwealth of The Bahamas Type: independent commonwealth since July 1973, recognizing Elizabeth II as Chief of State Capital: Nassau (New Providence Island) Legal system: based on English law Branches: bicameral legislature (appointed Senate, elected House); executive (Prime Minister and cabinet); judiciary Government leaders: Prime Minister Lynden O. Pindling Suffrage: universal over age 18; registered voters (April 1976) 55,452 Elections: House of Assembly (9 September 1972); next election due constitutionally by late 1977 Political parties and leaders: Progressive Liberal Party (PLP), predominantly black, Lynden O. Pindling; Bahamian Democratic Party (BDP), Henry Bostwick; Free National Movement (FNM); Cecil Wallace-Whitfield Voting strength (1972 election): PLP 29 seats, BDP 6 seats, Independents 3 seats; in early 1976 one PLP member switched to Independent, and one Independent switched to BDP Communists: none known Member of: ILO, IMCO, IMF, U.N., WHO, WMO Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 ECONOMY THE BAHAMAS/BAHRAIN GNP: $496 million (at market prices, 1973), $2,490 per capita; real growth rate 1974, 2.0% Agriculture: food importer, main crops-fish, fruits, vegetables Major industries: tourism, cement, oil refining, lumber, salt production Electric power: 250,000 kW capacity (1976); 680 million kWh produced (1976), 3,317 kWh per capita Exports: $2.2 billion (f.o.b., 1975); fuel oil, pharmaceuti- cals, cement, rum Imports: $2.5 billion (c.i.f., 1975); crude oil, foodstuffs, manufactured goods Major trade partners: exports-U.S. 86%, U.K. 2%, Canada 2%; imports-U.S. 24%, Libya 20%, Nigeria 16% (1973) Aid: economic-authorizations from U.S. (FY56-75), $51.2 million in loans, $0.3 million in grants; from international organizations (FY71-75), $2.0 million, $24.8 million in loans, $0.3 million in grants Budget: (1975) revenues, $119 million; expenditures, $136 million Monetary conversion rate: 1 Bahamian dollar (B$1)=US$1 Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: 2,100 km total; 850 km paved, 1,250 km gravel Ports: 2 major (Freeport, Nassau), 9 minor Civil air: 11 major transport aircraft Airfields: 51 total, 50 usable; 9 with permanent-surface runways; 3 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 22 with runways 1,220-2,439 m; 4 seaplane stations Telecommunications: telecom facilities highly developed, including 61,000 telephones in totally automatic system; tropospheric scatter link with Florida; 95,000 radio receivers and 30,000 TV sets, 3 AM and 2 FM stations; 3 coaxial submarine cables BAHRAIN LAND 596 km' plus group of 32 smaller islands; 5% cultivated, negligible forested area, remainder desert, waste, or urban WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 nm Coastline: 161 km PEOPLE Population: 273,000 (July 1977), average annual growth rate 3.3% (2-65 to 7-75) Nationality: noun-Bahraini(s); adjective-Bahraini July 1977 Ethnic divisions: 90% Arab, 7% Iranian, Pakistani, and Indian, 3% other; native Bahrainis are a minority Religion: Muslim Language: Arabic, English also widely spoken Literacy: about 40% (1970) Labor force: 78,507 (1976) GOVERNMENT Legal name: State of Bahrain Type: traditional monarchy; independence declared in 1971 Capital: Manama Legal system: based on Islamic law and English common law; constitution went into effect December 1973 Branches: Emir rules with help of a cabinet led by Prime Minister; a National Assembly, made up of cabinet and 30 directly elected members, was formed in early 1974; Emir dissolved assembly in August 1975 and suspended the constitutional provision for election of the assembly Government leader: Emir `Isa ibn Salman Al-Khalifah Political parties and pressure groups: political parties prohibited; no significant pressure groups although numer- ous small clandestine groups are active Communists: negligible Member of: Arab League, FAO, GATT (de facto), IBRD, ICAO, IMF, OAPEC, U.N., UNESCO, WHO ECONOMY GNP: $1.21 billion (1976 est.), annual growth rate 4.1% (1975-85 projected average), $1,784 per capita, dominated by oil industry; 1976 average daily crude oil production, 61,000 bbls (oil expected to last 15 years if no new discoveries are made); 1975 nonassociated natural gas production, 102 billion ft2; government oil revenues for 1976 are estimated at $383.6 million Agriculture: produces dates, alfalfa, vegetables; dairy and poultry farming; fishing; not self-sufficient in food Major industries: petroleum refining, aluminum smelt- ing, boatbuilding, shrimp fishing, pearls and sailmaking on a 12 Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 July 1977 BAHRAIN/BANGLADESH small scale; major development projects include flourmill, and ISA town; OAPEC dry dock to be built bey billion Electric power: 550,000 kW capacity (1976); kWh produced (1976), 7,692 kWh per capita Exports: exports and reexports, $1.2 billion (1976); non-oil exports (including reexports), $497.7 million (1976 pro- jected); oil exports, $997.4 million (1976) Imports: $1,274 million (1976) EC Major trade partners: U.K., U.S., Japan, Aid: received $110 million in bilateral commitments and committed itself $8.5 million to multilateral agencies in CY74 Budget: (1976) $483 million, 72% of revenues from oil Monetary conversion rate: 1 Bahrain dinar=US$2.52 (since January 1973) Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Highways: 193 km bituminous surfaced; undetermined mileage of natural surface tracks Ports: 1 major (Bahrain) products, 16 km; Pipelines: crude oil, 56 km; refined natural gas, 32 km Civil air: 15 major transport aircraft (all registered in Oman) Airfields: 2 total, 1 usable; 1 with permanent-surface gene u face runway; 1 with runway over 3,660 m; station Telecommunications: excellent international telecom- munications; limited domestic services; 22,000 telephones; 85,000 radio receivers; 30,000 TV sets; 1 AM station, I TV c scatter Emtropospheri and satellite station, 1 Indian Ocean United station; Pates Qatar Bahrain to DEFENSE FORCES fit for military Military manpower: males 15-49, 60,000; service 39,000 Supply: mostly from U.K. Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1976; $20.22 million, 4.2% of total budget BANGLADESH LAND cultivated and 142,500 km2; 66% arable (including cfallow), 18% not available for cultivation, 16% forested Land boundaries: 2,535 km WATER fishing 200 Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm; g nm Coastline: 580 km PEOPLE l 1977), average Population: 77,601,000 (July growth rate 2.8% (current) Nationality: noun-Bangladeshi(s); adjective-Bangla- desh Ethnic divisions: predominantly Bengali; fewer than million "Biharis" and fewer than 1 million tribals Religion: about 83% Muslim, 16% Hindu; less than 1% Buddhist and other Language: Bengali Literacy: about 25% million; extensivricultureemploy Labor force: over 26 over 80% of labor force is in ag GOVERNMENT Legal name: Peoples Republic of Bangladesh Type: independent republic since December 1971; Gov ernment of President Sheikh Mujibur Rahman overthrown in August 1975; two other coups followed; country currently governed by military-backed martial law administration with military president and chief martial law administrator and two military service chiefs as deputy martial law administrators Capital: Dacca Political subdivisions: 19 districts, 413 thanas (counties), 4,053 unions (village groupings) Legal system: based on English common law; constitution adopted December 1972; amended January 1975 to more authoritarian presidential system, changed by proclamation in April 1977 to reflect Islamic character of nation legisla- Branches: constitution provides for unicameral ture, strong president; controlled judiciary; parliament dissolved by current regime Government leader: President Zair Rahman Suffrage: universal over age 18 Elections: First Parliament (House eaof te rth Government elected in March 1973; elections every 5 activity and announced its lifted previous ban on political intention to hold national elections in December 1978 Communists: 2,500 members (est.) Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 BANGLADESH/BARBADOS Other li po tical or pressure groups: 15 political parties legalized by government as of October 1976, student groups, bands of former guerrillas Member of. ADB, Afro-Asian People's Solidarity Organi- zation, Colombo Plan, Commonwealth, ESCAP, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IMF, ILO, U.N., UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WHO ECONOMY GNP: $10.218 billion est. (FY75 current prices), $122 per capita; real annual per capita growth (FY76), 8.7% Agriculture: large subsistence farming, heavily dependent on monsoon rainfall; main crops are jute and rice; shortages-grain, cotton, and oilseeds Fishing: catch 247,000 metric tons (1974) Major industries: jute manufactures, food processing and cotton textiles Electric Power: 865,000 kW capacity (1976); 1.5 billion kWh produced (1976), 20 kWh per capita Exports: $356 million (FY76); raw and manufactured jute, leather, tea Imports: $1,290 million (FY76); foodgrains, fuels, raw cotton, fertilizer, manufactured products Major trade partners: exports-U.S. 15%, U.S.S.R. 7.4%, U.K. 7.3%; imports-U.S. 25.4%, Canada 7.3% (FY75) Aid: economic-Fy75 disbursements, $1,015 million of which U.S. provided 25% Budget: (FY75) revenue, $855; million expenditures, $1,061 million Monetary conversion rate: 15.5 taka=US$1 (April 1977) Fiscal year: 1 July-30 June COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 3,470 km; 2,483 km meter gage (1.00 m), 953 km broad gage (1.676 m), 35 km narrow gage (0.762 m), 290 km double track; government-owned Highways: 44,930 km; 4,044 km paved, 2,022 km gravel, 38,864 km earth Inland waterways: 7,000 km; river steamers navigate main waterways Ports: 1 major; 5 minor Pipelines: 150 km natural gas Civil air: 9 major transport aircraft Airfields: 24 total, 17 usable; 18 with permanent surface runways; 3 with runways 2,440-3,659 in, 8 with runways 1,220-2,439 in Telecommunications: inadequate international radio- communications and landline service; fair domestic wire and microwave service; fair broadcast service; 80,100 (est.) telephones; 500,000 radio sets; 20,000 (est.) TV sets; 10 AM, 1 FM, 2 TV stations, and 1 ground satellite station DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 18,611,000; 10,681,000 fit for military service Military budget: for fiscal year ending 30 June 1977, $103.4 million; about 3.5% of the central government budget BARBADOS July 1977 LAND 430 km2; 60% cropped, 10% permanent meadows, 30% built on, waste, other WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 nm Coastline: 97 km PEOPLE Population: 239,000 (official estimate for 1 July 1973) Nationality: noun-Barbadian(s); adjective-Barbadian Ethnic divisions: 80% African, 17% mixed, 4% European Religion: Anglican (70%), Roman Catholic, Methodist, and Moravian Language: English Literacy: over 90% Labor force: 97,000 (1973 est.) wage and salary earners; unemployment 20%-25% (1976) Organized labor: 32% GOVERNMENT Legal name: Barbados Type: independent sovereign state within the Common- wealth since November 1966, recognizing Elizabeth 11 as Chief of State Capital: Bridgetown Political subdivisions: 11 parishes and city of Bridgetown Legal system: English common law; constitution came into effect upon independence in 1966; no judicial review of legislative acts; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: legislature consisting of a 21-member ap- pointed Senate and a 24-member elected House of Assembly; cabinet headed by Prime Minister Government leader: Prime Minister J. M. G. "Tom" Adams Suffrage: universal over age 18 Elections: House of Assembly members have terms no longer than 5 years; last general election held 2 September 1976 Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 July 1977 BARBADOS/BELGIUM Political parties and leaders: Barbados Labor Party (BLP), J. M. G."Tom" Adams; Democratic Labor Party (DLP), Errol Barrow Voting strength (1976 election): Barbados Labor Party (BLP), 53% Democratic Labor Party, 46%; Independent, negligible; House of Assembly seats-BLP 17, DLP 7 Communists: negligible Other political or pressure groups: People's Progressive Movement (PPM), a small black-nationalist group led by Calvin Alleyne Member of: CARICOM, Commonwealth, FAO, GATT, IADB, IBRD, ICAO, IDB, ILO, IMCO, IMF, ISO, ITU, IWC-International Wheat Council, OAS, SELA, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GDP: $350 million (1975), $1,417 per capita; real growth rate 1975, -1.7% Agriculture: main products-sugar, subsistence foods Major industries: tourism, sugar milling, light manu- facturing Electric power: 107,000 kW capacity (1976); 220 million kWh produced (1976), 921 kWh per capita Exports: $107 million (f.o.b., 1975); sugar and sugarcane byproducts, clothing foodstuffs, machinery, Imports: $217 million (c.i.f., 1975); manufactured goods Major trade partners: exports-28% U.K., 14% U.S., 28% CARIFTA, 30% other; imports-25% U.K., 21% U.S., 11% Canada, 13% CARIFTA, 30% other (1973) Aid: economic-authorization from U.S. (FY67-75), $3.6 million; from international organizations (FY63-75), $ million Budget: (1975) revenues, $101 million; expenditures, $114 million Monetary conversion rate: 2 Barbados dollars=US$1 Fiscal year: 1 April-31 March COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: 1,370 km; 1,290 km paved, and 80 km gravel, and earth Ports: 1 major (Bridgetown), 2 minor Civil air: 3 major transport aircraft Airfields: 1 with permanent-surface runway 2,440-3,659 m; 1 seaplane station Telecommunications: islandwide automatic telephone system with 43,000 telephones; tropospheric scatter link to Trinidad; UHF/VHF links to St. Vincent and St. Lucia; 135,000 radio and 42,000 TV sets, 2 AM stations, 1 FM station, 1 TV station; 2 telegraph submarine cables; 1 Atlantic Ocean satellite station DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 51,000; 37,000 fit for military service; average number reaching military age, (18) annually, 3,000; no conscription BELGIUM LAND 30,562 km2; 28% cultivated, 24% meadow 28% waste, urban, or other; 20% forested Land boundaries: 1,377 km ATER W and pasture, . Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 nm (fishing 12 nm) Coastline: 64 km PEOPLE Population: 9,829,000 (July 1977), average annual growth rate 0.1% (current) Nationality: noun-Belgian(s); adjective-Belgian Ethnic divisions: 55% Flemings, 33% Walloons, 12% mixed or other Religion: 97% Roman Catholic, 3% none or other Language: French, Flemish (Dutch), German, in small area of eastern Belgium; divided along ethnic lines Literacy: 97% Labor force: 4.0 million; approximately 95% is found in the following sectors: 32% manufacturing, 24% services, 16% commerce, banking, and insurance, 8% construction, 7.5% transportation and communication, 4% agriculture, forestry, and fishing, 1.2% mining, 0.8% public utilities and sanitary services (1972); 10% of insured workers and 6.6% of the total work force unemployed, January 1977 Organized labor: 48% of labor force (1969) GOVERNMENT Legal name: Kingdom of Belgium Type: constitutional monarchy Capital: Brussels Political subdivisions: 9 provinces Legal system: civil law system influenced by English constitutional theory; constitution adopted 1831, since amended; judicial review of legislative acts; legal education at 4 law schools; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 Branches: executive branch consists of King and cabinet; cabinet responsible to bicameral parliament; independent judi i c ary; coalition governments are usual Government leader: Head of State, King Prime Minister Leo Tindemans Suffrage: universal over age 21 Elections: held 17 April 1977 (held at least once every 4 years) Political parties and leaders: Social Christian, Georges Gramme and Wilfred Martens, co-presidents; Socialist, Andre Cools and Willy Claes, co-presidents; Liberal, Pierre Dechamps, national president; Brussels Liberal, Basile Risopoulos, party president; Francophone Democratic Front, Andre Lagasse, party president; Walloon Rally, Paul-Henri Gendebien, party president; Volksunie (Flemish nationalist), Hugo Schiltz, party president; Communist, Louis Van Gent, president of political bureau Voting strength (1977 election): 80 seats Social Christian, 62 seats Socialist, 31 seats Liberal, 20 seats Volksunie, 10 seats Francophone Democratic Front, 5 seats Walloon Rally, 2 seats Brussels Liberal, 2 seats Communist Communists: 10,000 members (est.) Other political or pressure groups: Christian and Socialist T d ra e unions; the Federation of Belgium Industries; numerous other associations representing bankers, manufac- turers, middle-class artisans, and the legal and medical professions; two major organizations represent the cultural interests of Flanders and Wallonia Member of: ADB, Benelux, BLEU, Council of Europe, DAC, EC, ECE, ECOSOC, ECSC, EEC, EIB, ELDO, EMA, ESRO, EURATOM, FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, IDA, IEA, IFC, ILO, International Lead and Zinc Study Group, IMCO, IMF, IOOC, IPU, ITC, ITU, NATO, OAS (observer), OECD, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WEU, WHO, WMO, WSG ECONOMY GNP: $67.2 billion (1976), $6,860 per capita; 60.6% consumption, 20.4% investment, 16.9% government, 0.7% stock building, 1.4% net foreign balance (1975); 1976 real GNP growth rate, 2% Agriculture: livestock production predominates; main crops-grains, beets, potatoes; 80% self-sufficient in food; caloric intake, 3,230 calories per day per capita (1969-70) Fishing: exports $34 million (1975), imports $157 million (1975) Major industries: engineering and metal products, processed food and beverages, chemicals, basic metals, textiles, and petroleum Shortages: iron ore, nonferrous minerals, petroleum Crude steel: 12.1 million metric tons produced; 1,230 kg per capita (1976) Electric power: 10,600,000 kW capacity (1976); 50.9 billion kWh produced (1976), 5,189 kWh per capita Exports: (Belgium-Luxembourg Economic Union) $32.7 billion (f.o.b., 1976); iron and steel products, finished or semifinished precious stones, textile products Imports: (Belgium-Luxembourg Economic Union) $34.9 billion (c.i.f., 1976); nonelectrical machinery, motor vehicles, textiles, chemicals Major trade partners: (Belgium-Luxembourg Economic Union, 1975) EC-nine 70.5% (West Germany 22%, France 19%, Netherlands 17%, U.K. 6.5%, Italy 4%); U.S. 4%; Communist countries (U.S.S.R., East Germany, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria) 4% Aid: economic-received, U.S., $829 million authorized (FY46-75), $36.3 million in FY74; IBRD, $57.8 million (1949-75); military-received, $1,275 million authorized (FY46-75); net official economic aid to less developed areas and multilateral agencies, $1,365 million (FY60-70), $263.4 million in 1974 Budget: (1976) revenue, $18.0 billion; expenditures, $19.4 billion; deficit, $1.4 billion Monetary conversion rate: (1976 average) Belgian Franc 38 605 . =US$1 Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 4,394 km; 4,117 km standard gage (1.435 m) and government-owned, 2,536 km double track, 1,224 km electrified; 277 km privately owned, electrified meter gage (1 00 ) . m Highways: approximately 104,000 km, km limited access divided "Autoroute" including 1,040 Inland waterways: 2,043 km, of which 1,528 km are in regular use by commercial transport Ports: 5 major, 1 minor Pipelines: refined products, 965 km; natural gas, 3,218 km Civil air: 47 major transport aircraft crude, 161 km; Airfields: 46 total, 45 usable; 23 with permanent-surface runways; 13 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 5 with runways 1,220-2,439 in Telecommunications: excellent domestic and interna- tional telephone and telegraph facilities; 2.92 million telephones; 3.86 million radio receivers; 2.55 million TV receivers; 14 AM, 21 FM, and 25 TV stations; 5 coaxial submarine cables; 1 Atlantic Ocean satellite station DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 2,243,000; 1,803,000 fit for military service; average number reaching military age (19) annually 76,000 Military budget: proposed for fiscal year ending 31 December 1976, $2,450 million; about 10.5% of proposed central government budget 16 Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 July 1977 Approved BELIZE (formerly British Honduras) LAND 22,973 kmz; 38% agricultural (5% cultivated), 46% exploitable forest, 16% urban, waste, water, offshore islands or other Land boundaries: 515 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 rim. Coastline: 386 km PEOPLE Population: 147,000 (July 1977), average annual growth rate 2.9% (current) Nationality: noun-Belizean(s); adjective-Belizean Ethnic divisions: 51% Negro, 22% mestizo, 19% Amerin- dian, 8% other Religion: 50% Roman Catholic; Anglican, Seventh-day Adventist, Methodist, Baptist, Jehovah's Witnesses, Men- nonite Language: English, Spanish, Maya, and Carib Literacy: 70%-80% Labor force: 34,500; 39% agriculture, 14% manufactur- ing, 8% commerce, 12% construction and transport, 20% services, 7% other; shortage of skilled labor and all types of technical personnel; over 15% are unemployed Organized labor: 8% of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Belize Type: internal self-governing British colony Capital: Belmopan Legal system: English law; constitution came into force in 1964, although country remains a British colony Branches: 18-member elected National Assembly and 8-member Senate (either house may choose its speaker or president, respectively, from outside its elected member- ship); cabinet; judiciary Government leader: Premier George Price Suffrage: universal adult (probably 21) Elections: must be held within 5 years of last elections held in October 1,974 Political parties and leaders: People's United Party (PUP), George Price; United Democratic Party (UDP), a coalition comprised of the National Independence Party (NIP) led by Philip Goldson, the People's Democratic Union (PDM) led by Dean Lindo, and the Liberal Party (LP) led by Harry Lawrence; Corozal United Front (CUF), San- tiago Ricalde; United Black Association for Development (UBAD), Evan X. Hyde Voting strength (National Assembly): PUP 12 seats, UDP 6 seats Communists: negligible Other political or pressure groups: Christian Workers' Union (CWU) which is connected with PUP Member of: CARICOM, ISO ECONOMY GDP: $87 million (1974), $680 per capita; 78% private consumption, 17% public consumption, 36% domestic real investment, -31% net foreign balance (1968); growth rate (1971) Agriculture: main products-sugar, citrus fruits, corn, molasses, rice, beans, bananas, livestock products; net importer of food; caloric intake, 2,500 calories per day per capita Major industries: timber and forest products, food processing, furniture, rum, soap million Electric power: 16,000 kW capacity (1976); 32 kWh produced (1976), 225 kWh per capita Exports: $71.3 million (f.o.b., 1975 est.); sugar, molasses, clothing, lumber, citrus fruits, fish vehicles, building Imports: $102 million (c.i.f., 1975 est.); vmaterials, petroleum, food, textiles, machinery Major trade partners: exports-U.S. 30%, U.K. 24%, Mexico 22%, Canada 13%; imports-U.S. 34%, U.K. 25%, Jamaica 7% (1970) il Aid: economic-U.S. authorizations (FY46-75), $7.2 m lion in grants and $0.3 million in loans; from international organizations (1.946-75), $2.0 million Monetary conversion rate: 2 Belize dollars=US$1 Fiscal year. calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: 2,240 km; 280 km paved, 795 km gravel, 900 km improved earth and 265 km unimproved earth Inland waterways: 800 km river network used by shallow-draft craft Ports: 1 major (Belize), 4 minor Civil air: 5 major transport aircraft Airfields: 36 total, 36 usable; 4 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runway 1,220-2,439 m; 1 seaplane station Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 Telecommunications: 5,800 telephones in automatic and manual network; radio-relay system; 71,000 radio receivers; 3 AM stations DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 32,000; 19,000 fit for military service; 1,700 reach military age (18) annually BENIN (formerly Dahomey) LAND 115,773 km2; southern third of country is most fertile; arable land 80% (actually cultivated 11%), forests and game preserves 19%, non-arable 1% Land boundaries: 1,963 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 200 nm (100 nm mineral exploitation limit) Coastline: 121 km PEOPLE Population: 3,288,000 (July 1977), average annual growth rate 2.8% (7-70 to 7-76) Nationality: noun-Beninese (sing. & pl.); adjective- Beninese Ethnic divisions: 99% Africans (42 ethnic groups, most important being Fon, Adja, Yoruba, Bariba), 5,500 Europeans Religion: 12% Muslim, 8% Christian, 80% animist Language: French official; Fon and Yoruba most common vernaculars in south, at least 6 major tribal languages in north Literacy: about 20% Labor force: 85% of labor force engaged in agriculture; 15% civil service, artisans, and industry Organized labor: approximately 75% of wage earners, divided among two major and several minor unions July 1977 GOVERNMENT Legal name: Peoples Republic of Benin Type: party state, under military rule since 26 October 1972 Capital: Porto-Novo (official), Cotonou (de facto) Political subdivisions: 6 provinces, 46 districts Legal system: based on French civil law and customary law; legal education generally obtained in France; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: National Revolutionary Council, Council of Ministers, Central Committee of Party Government leader: Lt. Col. Mathieu Kerekou, President and chief of government, charged with national defense, planning, coordination of external aid, information, and national orientation Suffrage: suspended Elections: current government has held no elections and none are scheduled Political parties: People's Revolutionary Party of Benin established in 1975 Communists: sole party espouses Marxism-Leninism Member of: AFDB, CEAO, EAMA, ECA, ECOWAS, Entente, FAO, GATT, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, ILO, IMF, ITU, Niger River Commission, OAU, OCAM, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GNP: $372 million (1975), $120 per capita; no real growth during 1970-1974 Agriculture: major cash crop is oil palms; peanuts, cotton, coffee, sheanuts, and tobacco also produced commercially; main food crops-corn, cassava, yams, sorghum and millet; livestock, fish Fishing: catch 32,900 metric tons (1974); exports 600 metric tons, imports 4,300 metric tons (1971) Major industries: palm oil and palm kernel oil processing Electric power: 11,000 kW capacity (1976); 55 million kWh produced (1976), 17 kWh per capita Exports: $94 million (f.o.b., 1974); palm products (34%); other agricultural products Imports: $131 million (c.i.f., 1974); clothing and other consumer goods, cement, lumber, fuels, foodstuffs, machin- ery, and transport equipment Major trade partners: France, EC, franc zone; preferen- tial tariffs to EC and franc zone countries Aid: economic (through FY75)-EC, $67.1 million; U.N., $12.5 million; other international organizations, $36.2 million; Taiwan, $1 million; U.S. (FY59-75), $17.1 million; China, $44 million extended (1972) Budget: 1975 est.-receipts $73 million, expenditures $77 million Monetary conversion rate: 249.35 Communaute Finan- ciere Africaine (CFA) francs=US$1 as of February 1977 Fiscal year: calendar year 18 Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 July 1977 ONS I BENIN/BERMUDA COMMUNICAT all meter gage (1.00 m) Railroads: 579 km, a 2,598 km improved Highways: 3,303 km; 705 km paved, earth inland waterways: 645 km navigable Ports: 1 major (Cotonou), 1 minor Civil air: no major transport aircraft Airfields: 10 total, 10 usable; 1 with permanent-surface runway; 4 with runways 1,220-2,439 in Telecommunications: system of open wire and radio relay; 9,800 telephones; 56,000 radio receivers; 2 AM, 1 FM, and no TV stations; 3 submarine cables DEFENSE FORCES 377 000 fit for Military manpower: males 15-49, 752,000; military service; abo1833,000 annually; sexes ,000 afe ales reach military age ( ) a military service Supply: dependent on France and Guinea; aid from North Korea and PRC is pending Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1976, $7.4 million; about 11% of central government budget BERMUDA Literacy: virtually 100% Labor force: 25,200 (1975) GOVERNMENT Legal name: Colony of Bermuda Type: British colony Capital: Hamilton ishes Political subdivisions: 9 par Legal system: English law appointed by Branches: Executive leader; bicameral legislature governor, led by government with an appointed Legislative Council, and a 40-member directly elected House of Assembly (position vacant); Pre- Government leaders: Governor (mier, John H. Sharpe Suffrage: universal over age 21 last general Elections: at least once every 5 years; election, May 1976 a Political parties and le P o ressiUnited ve LaborrPa tdY (PL'P), (UBP), John Henry Sharpe; g Lois Browne Evans Voting strength (1976 elections): UBP 55.5%, PLP 44.4%; House of Assembly seats-UBP 26%, PLP 14% Communists: negligible s: Bermuda industrial Other political or pressure group Union (BIU) LAND 54.4 km2; 8% arable, 60% forested, 21% built on, wasteland, and other, 11% leased for air and naval bases WATER Limits of territorial waters Coastline: 103 km (claimed), 3 nm PEOPLE Population: 58,000 (July 1977), average annual growth rate 1.5% (7-70 to 7-75) adjective-Bermudan Nationality: noun-Bermudan(s); a Ethnic divisions: approximately 63% African, 37% white Religion: 47.5% Church of England, 38.2% other Protes- tant, 10.2% Catholic, 4.1% other Language: English ECONOMY prices, 1974), GNP: $300-$350 million (at market $5,000-$6,000 per capita vegetables, Easter Agriculture: main products-bananas, lilies, dairy products, citrus fruits Major industries: tourism, finance Electric power: 86,200 kW capacity (1976); 300 million kWh produced (1976), 5,263 kWh per capita Exports: $0,3 million (f.o.b., 1974); mostly reexports of drugs and bunker fuel fuel, foodstuffs, Imports: $150 million (f.o.b., 1974); machinery 45% U.S., 22% U.K., 9% Canada Major tirade partners: (1974) Monetary conversion ate: 1 Bermuda dollar=US Fiscal year: 1 April-31 March COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none all paved Highways: 190 km, a Ports: 3 major (Hamilton, St. George Freeport, Ireland island) Civil air: no major transport aircraft 1 seaplane Airfields: 1 with concrete runway 2,960 m; station ludes Telecommunications: modern telecom system, includes fully automatic telephone system with 38,600 sets; inc53,000 and 2 TV radio and 22,000 TV receivers, 2 AM, I FM, stations; 3 coaxial submarine cables Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 BHUTAN LAND 46,600 km2; 15% agricultural, 15% desert, 70% forested Land boundaries: about 870 km PEOPLE BHUTAN/BOLMA Suffrage: each family h July 1977 one vote Elections: popular elections on village level held every 3 years Political parties: all parties illegal Communists: no overt Communist presence Other political or pressure groups: Buddhist clergy Member of: Colombo Plan, UPU, U.N. ECONOMY GNP: under $100 per capita Agriculture: rice, barley, wheat, potatoes, fruit Major industries: handicrafts (particularly textiles) Electric power: 3,000 kW capacity (1976); 8 million kWh produced (1976), 7 kWh per capita Exports: about $1 million annually; rice, dolomite, and handicrafts Imports: about $1.4 million annually Major trading partner: India Aid: economic-India (FY61-72), $180 million Monetary conversion rate: both ngultrums and Indian rupees are legal tender; 8.77 ngultrums=8.77 Indian rupees=US$1 as of October 1975 Fiscal year: 1 April-31 March Population: 1,232,000 (July 1977), average annual growth rate 2.5% (current) Nationality: noun-Bhutanese (sing., Bhutanese Pl.), adjective- Ethnic divisions: 60% Bhotias, 25% ethnic Nepalese, 15% indigenous or mi rant b g tri es Religion: 75% Lamaistic Buddhism, influenced Hinduism 25% Buddhist- Language: Bhotias speak various Tibetan dialects, most widely spoken dialect is Dzongkha, the official language; Nepalese speak various Nepalese dialects Literacy: insignificant Labor force: 300,000; 99% agriculture, 1% industry; massive lack of skilled labor GOVERNMENT Legal name: Kingdom of Bhutan Type: monarchy; special treaty relationship with India Capital: Thimphu Political subdivisions: 4 regions (east, central, west, south), further divided into 15-18 subdivisions Legal system: based on Indian law and English common law; in 1964 the monarch assumed full power-no constitution existed beforehand; a Supreme appeals Court hears from district administrators; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: appointed Minister and indirectly elected Assembly consisting of village elders, monastic representa- tives, and all district and senior government administrators Government leader: King Jigme Singhi Wangchuk COMMUNICATIONS Highways: 1,304 km; 418 km surfaced, 515 km improved, 371 km unimproved earth Freight carried: not available, very light traffic Civil air: no major transport aircraft Airfields: 2 total, 1 asphalt runway 1,372 m, and 1 with concrete runway 899 m Telecommunications: facilities inadequate; 600 tele- phones; 6,000 est. radio sets; no TV sets; 1 AM station and no TV stations DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 293,000; 155,000 fit for military service; about 13,000 reach military age (18) annually Supply: dependent on India BOLIVIA LAND 1,098,160 km2; 2% cultivated and fallow, 11% pasture and meadow, 45% urban, desert, waste, or other, 40% forest, 2% inland water Land boundaries: 6,083 km PEOPLE Population: 4,781,000 (July 1977), average annual growth rate 2.7% (current) Nationality: noun-Bolivian(s); adjective-Bolivian Ethnic divisions: 50%-75% Indian, 20%-35% mestizo, 5%-15% white Religion: predominantly Roman Catholic; active Protes- tant minority, especially Methodist Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 Member of: FAO, IAEA, IADB, IATP, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IDB, IFC, ILO, IMF, ISO, ITC, ITU, IWC- International Wheat Council, LAFTA and Andean Sub-Re- gional Group (created in May 1969 within LAFTA), OAS, SELA, U.N., UNESCO, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GNP: $2.40 billion (1976, in 1976 dollars), $418 per capita; 69% private consumption, 17% public consumption, 20% gross domestic investment, -6% net foreign balance (1976); real growth rate (1972-76), average 6.4%; 1976 growth, 6.0% Agriculture: main crops-potatoes, corn, rice, sugarcane, yucca, bananas; imports significant quantities of wheat; caloric intake, 70% of requirements (1976) Major industries: mining, smelting, petroleum refining, food processing, textiles, and clothing Electric power: 345,000 kW capacity (1976); 1 billion kWh produced (1976), 180 kWh per capita Exports: $544 million (f.o.b., 1975 est); tin, petroleum, lead, zinc, silver, tungsten, antimony, bismuth, gold, coffee, sugar, cotton, natural gas Imports: $541 million (f.o.b., 1975 est.); foodstuffs, chemicals, capital goods, pharmaceuticals, transportation Major trade partners: exports-Western Europe, 19% (of which UK is largest market); Latin America, 38%; U.S., 30%; Japan, 3.9%; imports-U.S., 24%; Western Europe, 15.4% (of which West Germany is largest supplier); Japan, 15.7%; Latin America, 33.6% (1975) Aid: economic-extensions from U.S. (FY46-75), $240.4 million in loans, $256.7 million in grants; from international organizations (FY46-75), $372 million; from other Western countries (1960-75), $53.8 million; Communist countries (1970-74), $60.2 million; military-assistance from U.S. (FY52-73), $36 million Budget: $340 million revenues, $421 million expenditures (1976) Monetary conversion rate: 20 pesos=US$1 Fiscal year: calendar year Language: Spanish, Aymara, Quechua Literacy: 35%-40% Labor force: 2.5 million (1972); 69.1% agriculture, 3.3% mining, 9.6% services and utilities, 8% manufacturing, 10% other Organized labor: 150,000-200,000, concentrated in min- ing, industry, construction, and transportation GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Bolivia Type: republic; de facto military dictatorship government Capital: La Paz (seat of government); Sucre (judicial capital) Political subdivisions: 9 departments with limited autonomy Legal system: based on Spanish law and Code Napoleon; constitution adopted 1967; constitution in force except where contrary to dispositions dictated by governments since 1969; legal education at University of San Andres and several others; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: executive; congress of two chambers (Senate and Chamber of Deputies), congress disbanded after 26 September 1969 ouster of President Siles; judiciary Government leaders: President Hugo Banzer Suarez Suffrage: universal and compulsory at age 18 if married, 21 if single Elections: postponed indefinitely Political parties and leaders: political activities are proscribed indefinitely; most party leaders are in exile Voting strength (1966 elections): Frente de la Revolucion Boliviana (a coalition composed of the MPC, PIR, PRA, PSD, and two interest groups, the campesinos and Chaco War Veterans) 61%, FSB 12%, MNR 10%, of her 17% Communists: three parties (all proscribed); PCB/Soviet led by Jorge Kolle Cueto, about 300 members; PCB/Chinese led by Oscar Zamora, 150 (including 100 in exile); POR (Trotskyist), about 50 members divided between three factions led by Hugo Gonzalez Moscoso, Guillermo Lora Escobar, and Amadeo Arze COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 3,572 km single track; 3,540 km meter gage (1.00 m), 32 km 0.760-meter gage; 96 km meter gage (1.00 m) privately owned Highways: 37,300 km; 1,150 km paved, 6,550 km gravel, 5,950 km improved earth, 23,650 km unimproved earth Inland waterways: officially estimated to be 10,000 km of commercially navigable waterways Pipelines: crude oil, 1,670 km; refined products, 1,495 km; natural gas, 560 km Ports: none (Bolivian cargo moved through Arica and Antofagasta, Chile, and Matarani, Peru) Civil air: 49 major transport aircraft Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 Airfields: 574 total, 535 usable; 4 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runway over 3,660 m, 5 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 126 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: radio-relay system from La Pazto Santa Cruz; improved international services; 55,000 tele- phones; est. 2.5 million radio and 45,000 TV receivers; 89 AM, 18 FM, and 2 TV stations DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 1,319,000; 834,000 fit for military service; average number reaching military age (19) annually about 60,000 BOTSWANA Atlantic Ocean TH AFRICA Ocean LAND 569,800 km2; about 6% arable, less than 1% under cultivation, mostly desert Land boundaries: 3,774 km PEOPLE Population: 730,000 (July 1977), average annual growth rate 2.6% (current) Nationality: noun-Motswana (sing.), Batswana (pl.); adjective-Botswana Ethnic divisions: 94% Tswana, 5% Bushmen, 1% Euro- pean Religion: 85% animist, 15% Christian Language: Africans speak Tswana vernacular Literacy: about 22% in English; about 32% in Tswana; less than, 1% secondary school graduates Labor force: 385,000; most are engaged in cattle raising and subsistence agriculture; about 51,000 in internal cash economy, another 60,000 spend at least 6 to 9 months per year as wage earners in South Africa (1971) Organized labor: eight trade unions organized with a total membership of approximately 9,000 (1972 est.) GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Botswana Type: parliamentary republic; independent Commonwealth since 1966 Capital: Gaborone July 1977 Political subdivisions: 12 administrative districts Legal system: based on Roman-Dutch law and local customary law; constitution came into effect 1966; judicial review limited to matters of interpretation; legal education at University of Botswana, Lesotho and Swaziland (2'/z years) and University of Edinburgh (2 years); has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: executive-President appoints and presides over the cabinet which is responsible to Legislative Assembly; legislative-Legislative Assembly with 32 popu- larly elected members and 4 members elected by the 32 representatives, House of Chiefs with deliberative powers only; judicial-local courts administer customary law, High Court and subordinate courts have criminal jurisdiction over all residents, Court of Appeal has appellate jurisdiction Government leader: President Seretse Khama Suffrage: universal, age 21 and over Elections: general elections held 26 October 1974 Political parties and leaders: Botswana Democratic Party (BDP), Seretse Khama; Bechuanaland People's Party (BPP), Philip Matante; Botswana Independence Party (BIP), Motsamai Mpho; Botswana National Front (BNF), Kenneth Koma Voting strength: (October 1974 election) BDP (27 seats); BPP (2 seats); BNF (2 seats); BIP (1 seat) Communists: no known Communist organization; of BNF has long history of Communist contacts Member of: AFDB, Commonwealth, FAO, GATT (de facto), IBRD, IDA, IMF, ITU, OAU, U.N., UPU, WMO ECONOMY GDP: $300 million (1975 est.), growth in current prices about 15% annually Agriculture: principal crops are corn and sorghum; livestock raised and exported Major industries: livestock processing, mining of dia- monds, copper, nickel, and coal Electric power: 75,000 kW capacity (1976); 85 million kWh produced (1976), 123 kWh per capita Exports: $126 million (1975 est.); cattle, animal products, minerals Imports: $209 million (1975); foodstuffs, vehicles, textiles, petroleum products Major trade partners: South Africa and U.K. Budget: (1977) revenue $107 million ($78 million from domestic taxes and $29 million from borrowing and foreign aid), current expenditures $70 million, investment expendi- tures $44 million 22 Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 July 1977 Monetary conversion rate: 1 pula=US$1.15 as of April 1977 Fiscal year: 1 April-31 March COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 691 km 1.067-meter gage Highways: 21,000 km; 300 km paved; 1,350 km crushed stone or gravel; 5,159 km improved earth and 3,037 km unimproved earth Inland waterways: native craft only; of local importance Civil air: 3 major transport aircraft Airfields: 83 total, 76 usable; 3 with permanent-surface runways; 18 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: the system is a minimal combina- tion of open-wire lines, radio-relay links, and a few radiocommunication stations; Gaborone is the center; 7,900 telephones; 58,500 radio receivers; 1 AM, 1 FM, and no TV stations DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 173,000; 87,000 fit for military service; 8,000 reach military age (18) annually BRAZIL LAND 8,521,100 km2; 4% cultivated, 13% pastures, 23% built-on area, waste, and other, 60% forested Land boundaries: 13,076 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 200 nm Coastline: 7,491 km PEOPLE Population: 112,270,000 (July 1977), average annual growth rate 2.8% (current) Religion: 93% Roman Catholic (nominal) Language: Portuguese Literacy: 67% of the population 15 years or older (1970) Labor force: about 30 million in 1970 (est.); 44.2% agriculture, livestock, forestry, and fishing, 17.8% industry, 15.3% services, transportation, and communication, 8.9% commerce, 4.8% social activities, 3.9% public administration, 5.1% other Organized labor: about 50% of labor force; only about 1.5 million pay dues Nationality: noun-Brazilian(s); adjective-Brazilian Ethnic divisions: 60% white, 30% mixed, 8% Negro, and 2% Indian (1960 est.) BOTSWANA/BRAZIL GOVERNMENT Legal name: Federative Republic of Brazil Type: federal republic; military-backed presidential re- gime since April 1964 Capital: Brasilia Political subdivisions: 21 states, 4 territories, federal district (Brasilia) Legal systems based on Latin codes; dual system of courts, state and federal; constitution adopted 1967 and extensively amended in 1969; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: strong executive with very broad powers; bicameral legislature (powers of the two bodies have been sharply reduced); 11-man Supreme Court Government leader: President Ernesto Geisel Suffrage: compulsory over age 18, except illiterates and those stripped of their political rights; approximately 30 million registered voters in October 1970 Elections: President Medici's successor was chosen by a 505-member electoral college, composed of the members of Congress and delegates selected from the state legislatures, on 15 January 1.974 and took office on 15 March 1974; Geisel was the choice of Medici and top military chiefs Voting strength: (November 1974 congressional elections) 33.6% ARENA, 31.9% MDB, 35.5% blank and void Political parties and leaders: National Renewal Alliance (ARENA), pro-government Francelino Pereira, president; Brazilian Democratic Movement (MDB), opposition, Ulisses Guimaraes, president Communists: 6,000, 1,000 militants Other political or pressure groups: excepting the military, the Catholic Church is the only active nationwide pressure group, however, divisions within the Church often prevent it from speaking with one voice; labor and student groups have almost no influence on the government Member of: FAO, GATT, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, IDA, IDB, IFC, IHO , ILO, IMCO, IMF, IPU, ISO, ITU, IWC-]International Wheat Council, LAFTA, OAS, SELA, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 BRAZIL/BRITISH SOLOMON ISLANDS ECONOMY GNP: $111.7 billion (est. 1976 in 1976 prices), $830 per capita; 25% gross investment, 80% consumption, -5% net foreign balance (1976); real growth rate 8.7% Agriculture: main products-coffee, rice, beef, corn, milk, sugarcane, soybeans; nearly self-sufficient; caloric intake, 2,900 calories per day per capita (1962) Fishing: catch 604,700 metric tons (1974); exports, $33.1 million (f.o.b. 1973), imports, $54.3 million (f.o.b. 1973) Major industries: textiles and other consumer goods, chemicals, cement, lumber, steel, motor vehicles, other metalworking industries Crude steel: 10.0 million metric tons capacity (1976 est.); 9.2 million metric tons produced (1976); 80 kg per capita Electric power: 22,800,000 kW capacity (1976); 80 billion kWh produced (1976), 726 kWh per capita Exports: $10,126 million (f.o.b., 1976); coffee, manufac- tures, iron ore, cotton, soybeans, sugar, wood, cocoa, beef, shoes Imports: $13,622 million (c.i.f., 1976); machinery, chemi- cals, pharmaceuticals, petroleum, wheat, copper, aluminum Major trade partners: exports-16% U.S., 6% Japan, 9% West Germany, 7% Netherlands, 4% Italy, 4% U.K.; imports-25% U.S., 9% West Germany, 8% Japan, 3% Italy, 3% U.K. (1976) Aid: economic extensions from U.S. (FY46-75), loans $4.2 billion, grants $685 million; from international organi- zations (FY46-75), $4.1 billion; from other Western countries (1960-71), $617.0 million; from Communist countries (1959-75), $399 million; drawings (1959-75), $139 million Budget: (1976) revenues $15.6 billion, expenditures $15.5 billion Monetary conversion rate: 13.36 cruzeiros=US$1 (April 1977, changes frequently) Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 31,896 km; 28,137 km meter gage (1.00 m), 3,336 km 1.60-meter gage, 194 km standard gage (1.435 m), 229 km narrow gages; 2,593 km electrified Highways: 1,312,700 km; 77,700 km paved, 1,235,000 km gravel or earth Inland waterways: 50,000 km navigable Ports: 8 major, 23 significant minor Pipelines: crude oil, 1,365 km; refined products, 465 km; natural gas, 257 km Civil air: 162 major transport aircraft Airfields: 4,266 total, 4,220 usable; 153 with permanent- surface runways; 15 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 418 with runways 1,220-2,439 m; 18 seaplane stations Telecommunications: fair telecom system; good radio relay facilities; 1 Atlantic Ocean satellite station with 2 antennas; 3 domestic satellite stations; 3.45 million tele- phones; est. 32 million radio sets, 11 million TV sets; 344 AM stations, 150 FM, and 79 TV stations; 6 submarine cables DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 25,499,000; 16,652,000 fit for military service; 1,281,000 reach military age (18) annually Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1977, $1,967 million; 9.4% of federal budget BRITISH SOLOMON ISLANDS f l N w GUINEA PAPUA BRITISH SOLOMON ISLANDS q? Coral Sea Pacific Ocean LAND About 29,785 km2 WATER Limits of territorial waters: 3 nm Coastline: about 5,313 km PEOPLE Population: 206,000 (July 1977), average annual growth rate 3.4% (2-70 to 2-76) Nationality: noun-British Solomon Islander(s); adjec- tive-British Solomon Islander Ethnic divisions: 93.0% Melanesians, 4.0% Polynesians, 1.5% Micronesians, 0.3% Chinese, 0.8% Europeans, 0.4% others Religion: almost all at least nominally Christian; Roman Catholic, Anglican, and Methodist churches dominant Literacy: 60% GOVERNMENT Legal name: British Solomon Islands Protectorate Type: British protectorate administered as crown colony, became self-governing January 1976 Capital: Honiara Political subdivisions: 4 administrative districts Legal system: a High Court plus Magistrates Courts, also a system of native courts throughout the islands Branches: executive authority in High Commissioner; a legislative assembly of 38 members 24 Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 July 1977 BRITISH SOLOMON ISLANDS/BRUNEI Government leaders: Governor Colin H. Allan, and Chief Minister Kenilorea Suffrage: universal age 21 and over Elections: every 4 years, latest June 1976 Political parties and leaders: United Solomon Islands Party Member of: ADB ECONOMY GDP: $40 million (1973) Agriculture: largely dominated by coconut production with subsistence crops of yams, taro, bananas; self-sufficient in rice Electric power: 6,000 kW capacity (1976); 13 million kWh produced (1976), 67 kWh per capita Exports: $15.5 million (1975); 39% copra, 27% timber, 23% fish Imports: $29.2 million (1975) Major trade partners: exports-EEC excluding U.K. 42%, Japan 29%; imports-Australia 34%, U.K. 14%, Japan 13% (1975) Budget: (1971) revenues $9.8 million, expenditures $9.9 million Monetary conversion rate: 1 Australian dollar=US$1.24 (July 1976) COMMUNICATIONS Railroad: none Highways: 834 km; 241 km sealed or all-weather Inland waterways: none Ports: 5 minor Civil air: no major transport aircraft Airfields: 24 total, 21 usable; 1 with permanent-surface runway; 5 with runways 1,220-2,439 m; 1 seaplane station Telecommunications: 3 AM broadcast, no FM, and no TV stations; 10,000 radio receivers, 1,726 telephones, no TV sets; international connections with London, England, via cable broadcasts BRUNEI LAND i 5,776 kit; 3% cultivated; 22% industry, waste, urban or other; 75% forested Land boundaries: 381 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 nm Coastline: 161 km PEOPLE Population: 166,000 (July 1977), average annual growth rate 3.4% (8-71 to 7-74) Nationality: noun-Bruneian(s); adjective-Bruneian Ethnic divisions: 52% Malays, 28% Chinese, 15% indigenous tribes, 5% other Religion: 60% Muslim (Islam official religion); 8% Christian; 32% other (Buddhist and animist) Language: Malay and English official, Chinese Literacy: 45% Labor force: 32,155; 30.5% agriculture; 32.8% industry, manufacturing, and construction; 33.8% trade, transport, services; 2.9% other Organized labor: 8.4% of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: State of Brunei Type: British protectorate; constitutional sultanate Capital: Bandar Seri Begawan Political subdivisions: 4 administrative districts Legal system: based on Islamic law; constitution promul- gated by the Sultan in 1959 Branches: Chief of State is Sultan (advised by appointed Privy Council) who appoints Executive Council and Legislative Council Government leader: Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah Suffrage: universal age 21 and over; 3-tiered system of indirect elections; popular vote cast for lowest level (district councilors) Elections: last elections-March 1965; further elections postponed indefinitely Political parties and leaders: antigovernment, exiled Brunei People's Party, Chairman A. M. N. Azahari Communists: information not available ECONOMY GNP: $460 million (1975 est.), $2,970 per capita Agriculture: main crops-rubber, rice, pepper, must import most food Major industry: crude petroleum, liquefied natural gas Electric power: 84,000 kW capacity (1976); 230 million kWh produced (1976), 1,437 kWh per capita Exports: $1,000 million (f.o.b., 1975); 95% crude petro- leum and liquefied natural gas Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 Imports: $200 million (c.i.f., 1975); 25% machinery and transport equipment, 46% manufactured goods, 16% food Major trade partners: exports of crude petroleum and liquefied natural gas to Japan; imports from Japan 30%, U.S. 24%, U.K. 15%, Singapore 9% Budget: (1976) revenues $640 million, expenditures $250 million, surplus $390 million; 20% defense Monetary conversion rate: 2.5 Brunei dollars=US$1 Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 9.6 km narrow gage (0.610 m) Highways: 1,207 km; 376 km paved (bituminous treated), 402 km gravel or stone, 428 km unimproved Inland waterways: 209 km; navigable by craft drawing less than 1.2 meters Ports: 2 minor (Bandar Seri Begawan, formerly Brunei, and Kuala Belait) Pipelines: crude oil, 135 km; refined products, 56 km; natural gas, 56 km; crude oil and natural gas, 241 km under construction Civil air: 2 major transport aircraft Airfields: 3 total, 3 usable; 2 with permanent-surface runway; 1 with runway over 3,660 m; 2 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: service throughout country is ade- quate for present needs; international service good to adjacent Sabah and Sarawak; radiobroadcast coverage good; 9,610 telephones; 23,000 radio and 13,500 est. TV sets; Radio Brunei broadcasts from 6 AM stations and 1 TV station DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 38,000; 23,000 fit for military service; about 1,800 reach military age (18) annually BULGARIA LAND 111,852 kmz; 41% arable, 11% other agricultural, 33% forested, 15% other Land boundaries: 1,883 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm Coastline: 354 km PEOPLE Population: 8,864,000 (July 1977), average annual growth rate 0.7% (current) Nationality: noun-Bulgarian(s); adjective-Bulgarian Ethnic divisions: 85.3% Bulgarians, 8.5% Turks, 2.6% Gypsies, 2.5% Macedonians, 0.3% Armenians, 0.2% Russians, 0.6% other July 1977 Religion: regime promotes atheism; religious background of population is 85% Bulgarian Orthodox, 13% Muslim, 0.8% Jewish, 0.7% Roman Catholic, 0.5% Protestant, Gregorian- Armenian and other Language: Bulgarian; secondary languages closely corre- spond to ethnic breakdown Literacy: 95% (est.) Labor force: 5.0 million (1974); 32% agriculture, 33% industry, 35% other GOVERNMENT Legal name: Peoples Republic of Bulgaria Type: Communist state Capital: Sofia Political subdivisions: 28 okrugs (districts), including capital city of Sofia Legal system: based on civil law system, with Soviet law influence; new constitution adopted in 1971; judicial review of legislative acts in the State Council; legal education at University of Sofia; has accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: legislative, National Assembly; judiciary, Coun- cil of Ministers Government leaders: Todor Zhivkov, Chairman, State Council (President and chief of state); Stanko Todorov, Chairman, Council of Ministers (premier) Suffrage: universal and compulsory over age 18 Elections: theoretically held every 5 years for National Assembly; last elections held on 20 May 1976; 99.85% of the electorate voted Political parties and leaders: Bulgarian Communist Party, Todor Zhivkov, First Secretary; Bulgarian National Agrarian Union, a puppet party, Petur Tanchev, secretary of Permanent Board Communists: 788,211 party members (December 1975) Mass organizations and front groups: Fatherland Front, Dimitrov Communist Youth League, Central Council of Trade Unions, National Committee for Defense of Peace, 26 Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 July 1977 Union of Fighters Against Fascism and Capitalism, Commit- tee of Bulgarian Women, All-National Committee for Bulgarian-Soviet Friendship Member of: CEMA, FAO, IAEA, ICAO, ILO, Interna- tional Lead and Zinc Study Group, IMCO, IPU, ITC, ITU, IWC-International Wheat Council, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO, Warsaw Pact, International Organization of Journalists, International Medical Association, International Radio and Television Organization ECONOMY GNP: $19.9 billion, 1976 (at 1975 prices), $2,280 per capita; 1976 real growth rate, 4.6% Agriculture: mainly self-sufficient; main crops-grain, vegetables; caloric intake, 3,000 calories per day per capita (1969/70) Fishing: catch 115,000 metric tons (1974) Major industries: agricultural processing, machinery, textiles and clothing, mining, ore processing, timber Shortages: some raw materials, metal products, meat and dairy products; fodder Crude steel: 2.3 million metric tons produced (1975), 260 kg per capita Electric power: 7,100,000 kW capacity (1976); 27.7 billion kWh produced (1976), 3,145 kWh per capita Exports: $5,364 million (f.o.b., 1976); 41% machinery, equipment, and transportation equipment; 15% fuels, minerals, raw materials, metals, and other industrial material; 2% agricultural raw materials; 32% foodstuffs, raw materials for food industry, and animals; 10% industrial consumer goods (1975) Imports: $5,579 million (f.o.b., 1976); 42% machinery, equipment, and transportation equipment; 40% fuels, minerals, raw materials, metals, other materials; 7% agricul- tural raw materials; 6% foodstuffs and animals; 5% industrial consumer goods (1975) Major trade partners: $10,937 million in 1976; 21% with non-Communist countries, 54% with U.S.S.R., 26% with other Communist countries Monetary conversion rate: 0.96 leva=US$1 (January 1977) Fiscal year: calendar year; economic data reported for calendar years except for caloric intake, which is reported for consumption year 1 July-30 June NOTE: Foreign trade figures were converted at the 1976 rate of 0.97 leva=US$1 COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 4,314 km; about 4,069 km standard gage (1.435 m), 245 km narrow gage; 260 km double track; 1,256 km electrified; government-owned (1975) Highways: 32,000 km; 13,190 km paved, 7,552 km crushed stone and gravel, 11,325 km earth (1974) Inland waterways: 471 km (1977) Freight carried: rail-78.8 million metric tons, 17.3 billion metric ton/km (1975); highway-223 million metric tons, 6.3 billion metric ton/km (1975); waterway-4.4 million metric tons, 2.4 billion metric ton/km (excl. intl. transit traffic) (1975) Ports: 2 major (Varna, Burgas), 5 minor (1977) DEFENSE FORCES Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1976, est. 608 million leva; about 7% of total budget BURMA South China Sea LAND 678,600 km2; 28% arable, of which 12% is cultivated, 62% forest, 10% urban and other (1969) Land boundaries: 5,850 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 200 nm (200 nm exclusive economic zone) Coastline: 3,060 km PEOPLE Population: 31,687,000 (July 1977), average annual growth rate 2.2% (7-70 to 7-76) Nationality: noun-Burman(s); adjective-Burmese Ethnic divisions: 72% Burman, 7% Karen, 6% Shan, 2% Kachin, 2% Chin, 2% Chinese, 3% Indian, 6% other Religion: 85% Buddhist, 15% animist and other Language: Burmese; minority ethnic groups have their own languages Literacy: 70% (official claim) Labor force: 12.2 million (1976); 67% agriculture, 13% industry, 20% services, commerce, and transportation Organized labor: no figure available; old labor organiza- tions have been disbanded, and government is forming one central labor organization Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 GOVERNMENT Legal name: Socialist Republic of the Union of Burma Type: republic under 1974 constitution Capital: Rangoon Political subdivisions: seven divisions and seven constitu- ent states; subdivided into townships, villages, and wards Legal system: People's justice system and People's Courts instituted under 1974 constitution; legal education at Universities of Rangoon and Mandalay; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: State Council rules through a Council of Ministers; People's Assembly has legislative power Government leader: Chairman of State Council and President, Gen. U. Ne Win Suffrage: universal over age 18 Elections: People's Assembly and local People's Councils elected in 1974 Political parties and leaders: government-sponsored Burma Socialist Program Party only legal party Communists: estimated 5,000-8,000 Other political or pressure groups: People's Patriotic Party; Kachin Independence Army; Karen Nationalist Union, several Shan factions Member of: ADB, Colombo Plan, FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, IHO, ILO, IMCO, IMF, ITU, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GDP: $3.2 billion (FY76, in current prices), $101 per capita; real growth rate 4.5% (FY76); 2.7% over past decade Agriculture: accounts for nearly 70% of total employment and about 27% of GDP; main crops-paddy, sugarcane, corn, peanuts; almost 100% self-sufficient; most rice grown in deltaic land Fishing: catch 500,000 metric tons (1976) Major industries: agricultural processing; textiles and footwear; wood and wood products; petroleum refining Electric power: 450,000 kW capacity (1976); 850 million kWh produced (1976), 26 kWh per capita Exports: $173 million (f.o.b., 1976); rice, teak Imports: $237 million (c.i.f., 1976); machinery and transportation equipment, textiles, other manufactured goods Major trade partners: exports-India, Western Europe, China, U.K., Japan; imports-Japan, Western Europe, India, U.K. Budget: (FY76) $278 million revenues; $436 million expenditures; $158 million deficit; 30% military, 70% civilian Monetary conversion rate: 6.7324 kyat=US$1 (official) Fiscal year: 1 April-31 March COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 3,285 km; 3,172 km meter gage (1.00 m), 113 km narrow-gage industrial lines; 328 km double track; government-owned July 1977 Highways: 27,000 km; 3,200 km bituminous, 17,700 km improved earth, gravel, 6,100 km unimproved earth Inland waterways: 12,800 km; 3,200 km navigable by large commercial vessels Ports: 4 major, 6 minor Civil air: 17 major transport aircraft Airfields: 80 total, 79 usable; 23 with permanent-surface runways; 2 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 38 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: provide minimum requirements for local intercity service; international service is fair; radiobroadcast coverage is limited to the more populous areas; 30,300 telephones; 627,000 radio, and no TV sets; 5 AM, 1 FM, and no TV stations DEFENSE FORCES Military budget: (announced) for fiscal year ending 31 March 1977; $144.5 million, comprising 5.5% of central government budget BURUNDI LAND 28,490 km'; about 37% arable (about 66% cultivated), 23% pasture, 10% scrub and forest, 30% other Land boundaries: 974 km PEOPLE Population: 3,942,000 (July 1977), average annual growth rate 2.4% (7-70 to 7-75) Nationality: noun-Burundian(s); adjective-Burundian Ethnic divisions: Africans-85% Hutu (Bantu), 14% Tutsi (Hamitic), 1% Twa (Pigmy); other Africans include perhaps 50,000 Zairians and 40,000 Rwandans; non-Africans include about 3,000 Europeans and 1,000 South Asians Religion: about 60% Christian (53% Catholic, 7% Protestant); rest mostly animist plus perhaps 2% Muslims 28 Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 Language: Kirundi and French official plus Swahili (along Lake Tanganyika and in the Bujumbura area) Literacy: about 15% in Kirundi, 3% in French, no serviceable estimate for Kiswahili Labor force: about 2 million (1976 est.) Organized labor: sole group is the Union of Burundi Workers (UTB); by charter, membership is extended to all Burundi workers (informally); figures denoting "active membership" have been unobtainable GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Burundi Type: republic; military government overthrown by military coup, November 1976; constitution abolished Capital: Bujumbura Political subdivisions: 8 provinces, subdivided into 18 arrondissements and 78 communes; Bujumbura city (popula- tion est. 160,000) has status equal to a province Legal system: based on German and French civil codes and customary law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: Supreme Revolutionary Council is governing body Government leader: Col. Jean Bagaza, Chairman of Supreme Revolutionary Council, established November 1976 Elections: last legislative election May 1965; legislature dissolved in 1966 Political parties and leaders: National Party of Unity and Progress (UPRONA), a Tutsi led party, declared sole legitimate party in 1966 Communists: no Communist party; resumed diplomatic relations with the Peoples Republic of China in October 1971 following a six-year suspension; U.S.S.R., North Korea, and Romania also have diplomatic missions in Burundi Member of: AFDB, EAMA, ECA, FAO, GATT, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, ILO, IMF, ITU, OAU, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GNP: about $340 million (1975), $90 per capita; 2% real growth (1970-74) Agriculture: major cash crops-coffee, cotton, tea; main food crops-manioc, yams, corn, sorghums, bananas, haricot beans; marginally self-sufficient Industries: light consumer goods such as beverages, blankets, shoes, soap, assembly of imports Electric power: 6,000 kW capacity (diesel generator 1976); 15 million kWh produced (1976), 4 kWh per capita Exports: $59 million (f.o.b., est. 1976); coffee (88%), tea, cotton, hides, skins Imports: $56 million (c.i.f., est. 1976); textiles, foodstuffs, transport equipment, petroleum products Major trade partners: U.S., EEC countries Aid: $40 million all donors (1975 est.), major donors EEC, IBRD/IDA, U.N. Budget: FY76--revenue $47 million, current expenditure $49.6 million Monetary conversion rate: 90 Burundi francs=US$1 (official) Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: 3,800 km; 300 km bituminous, 2,500 km crushed stone, gravel, or laterite, and 5,000 km improved or unimproved earth Inland waterways: Lake Tanganyika navigable for lake steamers and barges, 1 minor lake port Civil air: 4 major transport aircraft Airfields: 12 total, 12 usable; 1 with permanent-surface runway; 1 with runway 2,440-3,659 m Telecommunications: telegraph is principal service, limited telephones; 6,000 telephones, 105,000 radio receiv- ers; 2 AM, 1 FM, and no TV stations DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 907,000; 470,000 fit for military service; 45,000 reach military age (16) annually Ships: 3 high speed boats Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1976, $10,003,300; about 18% of ordinary central govern- ment budget South China Sea LAND 181,300 km'; 16% cultivated, 74% forested, 10% built-on area, wasteland, and other Land boundaries: 2,438 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm Coastline: about 443 km Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 PEOPLE Population: 7,973,000 (July 1977), average annual growth rate 2.2% (7-68 to 7-69) Nationality: noun-Cambodian(s) or Khmer (sing., pl.); adjective-Cambodian or Khmer Ethnic divisions: 90% Khmer (Cambodian), 5% Chinese, 5% other minorities Religion: 95% Theravada Buddhism, 5% various other Language: Cambodian Literacy: 55% (est.) GOVERNMENT Legal name: Democratic Kampuchea (Cambodia) Type: authoritarian Communist-style state Capital: Phnom Penh Political subdivisions: 19 or 20 provinces Legal system: Tribunal Committee chosen by People's Representative Assembly Branches: State Presidium, composed of chairman and two vice chairmen; nine-member cabinet, totally Commu- nist, announced on 14 April; 250-member People's Repre- sentative Assembly elected 20 March for 5-year term; ten-member Assembly Standing Committee Government leader: Presidium Chairman, Khieu Sam- phan; Prime Minister, Pol Pot; Deputy Prime Ministers, Ieng Sary, Vorn Vet, Son Sen; Assembly Standing Committee Chairman, Nuon Chea Suffrage: universal over age 18 Political parties and leaders: political life dominated by Khmer Communist Party and panoply of mass front organizations Member of: U.N. Non-Aligned Conference (NAC) ECONOMY GNP: less than $500 million (1971), probably less than $70 per capita (1976) Agriculture: mainly subsistence except for rubber planta- tions; main crops-rice, rubber, corn; food shortages-rice, meat, vegetables, dairy products, sugar, flour Major industries: rice milling, fishing, wood and wood products Shortages: fossil fuels Electric power: 120,000 kW capacity (1976); 260 million kWh produced (1976), 33 kWh per capita Exports: probably less than $1 million est. (1976); rubber Imports: probably less than $20 million (1976); food, fuel, machinery Major trade partners: exports-China, Thailand; im- ports-China, North Korea Aid: economic-$906.1 million est. (FY53-75); U.S. aid, $876.1 million; probably about $25 to $30 million from China and North Korea; military-U.S., $2,228.6 million (FY46-75) Budget: no budget data available since Communists took over government Monetary conversion rate: not announced yet by new Khmer Rouge government Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 612 km meter gage (1.00 m); govern- ment-owned Highways: 13,036 km; 2,430 km bituminous, 7,033 km crushed stone, gravel, or improved earth; and 3,573 km unimproved earth; some roads in disrepair Inland waterways: 3,700 km navigable all year to craft drawing 0.6 meters; 282 km navigable to craft drawing 1.8 meters Ports: 2 major, 5 minor Airfields: 60 total, 25 usable; 7 with permanent-surface runways; 2 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 6 with runways 1,220-2,439 m; 1 seaplane station DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 1,831,000; 1,017,000 fit for military service; 82,000 reach military age (18) annually Military budget: unknown LAND 475,400 kmz; 4% cultivated, 18% grazing, 13% fallow, 50% forest, 15% other Land boundaries: 4,554 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 18 nm Coastline: 402 km PEOPLE Population: 6,653,000 (July 1977), average annual growth rate 2.1% (current) Nationality: noun-Cameroonian(s); adjective-Came- roonian 30 Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 July 1977 Ethnic divisions: about 200 tribes of widely differing background; 31% Cameroon Highlanders, 19% Equatorial Bantu, 8% Northwestern Bantu, 10% Fulani, 7% Eastern Nigritic, 11% Kirdi, 13% other African, less than 1% non-African Religion: about one-half animist, one-third Christian; rest Muslim Language: English and French official, 24 major African language groups Literacy: South 40%, North 10% Labor force: most of population engaged in subsistence agriculture and herding; 200,000 wage earners (maximum) including 22,000 government employees, 63,000 paid agricultural workers, 49,000 in manufacturing Organized labor: under 45% of wage labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: United Republic of Cameroon Type: unitary republic; one-party presidential regime Capital: Yaounde Political subdivisions: 7 provinces divided into 39 departments Legal system: based on French civil law system, with common law influence; new unitary constitution adopted 1972; judicial review in Supreme Court, when a question of constitutionality is referred to it by the President of the Republic; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: executive, legislative, and judicial Government leader: President Ahmadou Ahidjo Suffrage: universal over age 21 Elections: presidential elections held 5 April 1975; parliamentary elections last held 18 May 1973 Political parties and leaders: single party, Cameroonian National Union (UNC), President Ahmadou Ahidjo Communists: no Communist Party or significant number of sympathizers Other political or pressure groups: Cameroon Peoples Union (UPC), an illegal terrorist group now reduced to scattered acts of banditry with its factional leaders in exile Member of: AFBD, EAMA, ECA, EIB (associate), FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, IDA, IFC, ILO, IMCO, IMF, IPU, ISO, ITU, Lake Chad Basin Commission, Niger River Commission, OAU, UDEAC, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GDP: $2,000 million (mid 1976), per capita about $220; real growth rate about 3.0% per annum (mid 1970-mid 1976) Agriculture: commercial and food crops-cocoa, coffee, timber, cotton, rubber, bananas, peanuts, palm oil and palm kernels; root starches, livestock, millet, sorghum, and rice Fishing: imports 7,024 metric tons, $2.2 million; exports 909 metric tons (largely shrimp), $3.5 million (1975) Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 Major industries: small aluminum plant, food processing and light consumer goods industries, sawmills Electric power: 358,000 kW capacity (1976); 1.1 billion kWh produced (1976), 169 kWh per capita Exports: $449 million (f.o.b., 1975); cocoa and coffee about 55%; other exports include timber, aluminum, cotton, natural rubber, bananas, peanuts, tobacco, and tea Imports: $598 million (c.i.f., 1975); consumer goods, machinery, transport equipment, alumina for refining, petroleum products, food and beverages Major trade partners: about 70% of total trade with France and other EC countries; about 5% of total trade with U. S. Budget: FY76 budget est. balanced at $500 million Monetary conversion rate: 249.35 Communaute Finan- ciere Africaine, francs=US$1 as of February 1977 Fiscal year: 1 July-30 June COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 1,003 km; 858 km meter gage (1.00 m), 145 km 0.600-meter gage Highways: approximately 29,866 km; including 2,155 km bituminous, 27,711 km gravel and earth Inland waterways: 2,090 km Ports: 1 major (Douala), 3 minor Civil air: 6 major transport aircraft Airfields: 63 total, 60 usable; 7 with permanent-surface runways; 2 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 21 with runways 1,220-2,439 m; 1 seaplane station Telecommunications: fair telephone service; fair to good telegraph service; 26,000 telephones; 238,500 radio receiv- ers; 4 AM, no FM, and no TV stations; 1 submarine cable; radio-relay Yaounde to Fort Foureau; 1 Atlantic Ocean satellite station DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 1,538,000; 766,000 fit for military service; average number reaching military age (18) annually about 66,000 Military budget: for fiscal year ending 30 June 1977, $51,474,621; 9.5% of central government budget CANADA LAND 9,971,500 km2; 4% cultivated, 2% meadows and pastures, 44% forested, 42% waste or urban, 8% inland water Land boundaries: 9,010 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm (fishing 200 nm) Coastline: 90,908 km Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 PEOPLE Population: 23,437,000 (July 1977), average annual growth rate 1.4% (current) Nationality: noun-Canadian(s); adjective-Canadian Ethnic divisions: 44% British Isles origin, 30% French origin, 26% other Religion: 48% Protestant, 47% Catholic, 5% other Language: English and French official Labor force: 10.3 million; 29% service, 22% manufactur- ing, 16% trade, 8% transportation and utilities, 6% agricul- ture, 6% construction, 8% other; 7.2% unemployed Organized labor: 30% of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Canada Type: federal state recognizing Elizabeth II as sovereign Capital: Ottawa Political subdivisions: 10 provinces and 2 territories Legal system: based on English common law, except in Quebec, where civil law system based on French law prevails; constitution is British North America Act of 1867 and various amendments; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdic- tion, with reservations Branches: federal executive power vested in cabinet collectively responsible to House of Commons, and headed by Prime Minister; federal legislative authority resides in Parliament consisting of Queen represented by Governor- General, Senate, and Commons; judges appointed by Governor-General on the advice of the government; Supreme Court is highest tribunal Government leader: Pierre Elliott Trudeau Suffrage: universal over age 18 Elections: legal limit of 5 years but in practice held at least every 4 years, last election July 1974 Political parties and leaders: Liberal, Pierre Trudeau; Progressive-Conservatives, Joe Clark; New Democratic, Edward Broadbent; Social Credit, Andre Fortin Voting strength (1974 election): Liberal 43% (139 seats), Progressive Conservative 35% (96 seats), New Democratic Party 16% (16 seats), Social Credit 5% (10 seats), other 1%, Independents hold 1 seat, 6 seats unoccupied; 6 by-elections took place in May; parliament enlarged from 264 seats to 282 seats on 12 June but new seats will not be filled until next general election expected in 1978 Communists: 2,000 approx. Member of: ADB, Colombo Plan, Commomwealth, DAC, FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRC, IDA, IDB, IEA, IFC, IHO, ILO, International Lead and Zinc Study Group, IMCO, IMF, IPU, ISO, ITC, ITU, IWC-International Whaling Commission, IWC-International Wheat Council, NATO, OAS (observer), OECD, U.N., UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO, WSG ECONOMY GNP: $181.9 billion (1976, in 1976 prices), $7,802 per capita (1976); 64% consumption, 17% investment, 23% government (1976); growth rate 4.6% (1970-76, constant prices) Agriculture: main products-livestock, grains (principally wheat), dairy products; food shortages-fresh fruits and vegetables; caloric intake, 3,180 calories per day per capita (1966-67) Fishing: catch 830 thousand metric tons; exports 260 thousand metric tons (1976) Major industries: mining, metals, food products, wood and paper products, transportation equipment, chemicals Shortages: rubber, rolled steel, fruits, precision instruments Crude steel: 13.2 million metric tons produced (1976) Electric power: 61 million kW capacity (1976); 288 billion kWh produced (1976), 12,456 kWh per capita Exports: $37,479 million (f.o.b., 1976, Canadian source); principal items-transportation equipment, wood and wood products including paper, ferrous and nonferrous ores, crude petroleum, wheat; Canada is a major food exporter Imports: $37,745 million (c.i.f., 1976, Canadian source); principal items-transportation equipment, machinery, crude petroleum, communication equipment, textiles, steel, fabricated metals, office machines, fruits and vegetables Major trade partners: 68% U.S., 10% EC, 5% Japan (1976) Aid: economic-(received) U.S., $388 million (FY46-75); gross official aid to less developed countries and multilateral agencies, $3,688 million (1960-73), $637 million (1973); military-U.S., $13.1 million (FY49-73), none since 1961 Budget: total revenues $31,132 million; current expendi- tures $36,036 million; gross capital formation $6,466 million; budget deficit $4,904 million (1976) (National Accounts Basis) Monetary conversion rate: there is no designated par value for the Canadian dollar, which was allowed to float 32 Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 July 1977 CANADA/CAPE VERDE freely on the exchanges beginning 1 June 1970; since then the Canadian dollar has m Ue between US$0.98-1.04 in value, 1976 average March Fiscal year: 1 April-31 COMMUNICATIONS m) Railroads: 70,904 km; 69,555 km standard gage (1.435 (in (43 km electrified); 1,170 km 1.067-meter gage Newfoundland); 179 km 0.914 meter gage Highways: 829,325 km; 640,850 km surfaced (189,800 km paved), 188,475 km earth inland waterways: 3,000 km pipelines,. oil, 21,983 km total crude and refined; natural gas, 74,740 km Ports: 19 major, 300 minor Civil air: 633 major transport aircraft permanent Airfields: 1,788 total, 1,440 usable; 3,660 m, 29 with surface runways; 4 with runway 1,220 2,439 m; 58 runways 2,440-3,659 m, 284 with runways seaplane stations provided by mod Telea; 13.54 million service telephones; 22.0 million ern telecomecom me d media; cast receivers; 9.39 million TV receivers; country- wide AM, FM, and TV coverage including 630 AM, stations AT stationions; 8 coaxial s and 70 domestic1a COMSAT cables; major and S500 TV stat COMSAT DEFENSE FORCES 4,998,000 fit Military manpower: males 15-49, 5,814,000; military age for military service; average number reaching (17) annually 233,000 year ending 31 Military budget: proposed for fiscal Yro osed central March 1978, $3.98 billion; about 8.4% of p p government budget CAPE VERDE LAND 10 islands and several islets 4,040 km2, divided among WATER Limits of territorial waters: 100 nm Coastline: 965 km PEOPLE 1977), population: 300,000 (July , rate 1.0% (7-74 to 7-75) Verdian d' ctive-Cape e GOVERNMENT Republic of Cape Verde Legal name: dependence from Portugal in Type: republic; achieved inJuly 1975 Capital: Praia political subdivisions: 10 islands Legal system: to be determined Branches: National Assembly, 56 members; the official titution party is the supreme political ins Government leaders: President, Aristides Pereira; Minister, Pedro Pires; Minister of Foreign Affairs, Duarte Suffrage: universal over age 18 Elections: to be determined 1 d rs? Partido a Prime Abilio Africano da Political parties and ea led b Independencia da Guinee e Cabo Verde (PAIGC), by Aristide Pereira, only legal party Communists: none known Member of: OAU, U.N. growth Nationality: al 70% Ethnic divisions: about 28% African; European Religion. l and cdriouwith la, al blend of Portuguese Portuguese Language and West African words Literacy: 14% population Labor force: bulk of popu agriculture engaged in subsistence ECONOMY per capita income GDP: $51) million (1975 cornl beans, manioc, sweet Agriculture: main crops- potatoes; barely self-sufficient in food largely undevel- oped catch, 4,400 metric tons (1974); obut provides major source of export earnings Major industries: salt mining (1976); 7 million kWh Electric power: 6,000 kW capacity produced (1976); 24 kWh per capita Exports; $2 million (f.o.b., 1973); fish, bananas, salt Imports: $34 million (c.i.f., 1973); machinery, textiles Major trade partners: Portugal, U.K., Japan, African neighbors laries, Aid: Portugal, $30 million (1975), for or civ civil l s s rervvice foo sad and food, medicines; U.S., $5 million employment of rural workers; Netherlands, Scandinavian countries, UNDP M I I Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 CAPE VERDE/CENTRAL B d u get: (est. 1974) $32 million expenditures, $12 million revenues Monetary conversion rate; 27 escudos=US$1 (September 1975) Fiscal year: probably calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Ports: 1 major (Mindelo), 3 minor Civil air: 2 major transport aircraft Portugal) (registered in Airfields: 6 total, 6 usable; 4 permanent-surface runways; I with runway 2,440-3,659 m, 4 with runways 1,220-2,439 m; 1 seaplane station Telecommunications: interisland radio-relay system, HF radio to mainland Portugal, about 2,500 telephones; 1 FM and 3 AM stations; 31,500 radio receivers, 4 submarine cables (2 coaxial) CENTRAL AFRICAN EMPIRE LAND 626,780 km2; 10%-15% cultivated, 5% dense forests, 80%-85% grazing, fallow, vacant arable land, urban, waste Land boundaries: 4,981 km PEOPLE Population: 1,866,000 (July 1977), average annual growth rate 2.2% (7-67 to 7-71) Nationality: noun-Central African(s); adjective-Cen- tral African Ethnic divisions: approximately 80 ethnic groups, the majority of which have related ethnic and linguistic characteristics; Banda (32%) and Baya-Mandjia (29%) are largest single groups; 6,500 Europeans, of whom 6,000 are French and majority of the rest Portuguese Religion: 40% Protestant, 28% Catholic, 27% animist, 5% Muslim; animistic beliefs and practices strongly influence the Christian majority Labor force: about active, 80% of whom AFRICAN EMPIRE Language: French national language Literacy: estimated official; Sangho, lingua franca and half the population economically are in agriculture; approximately 64,000 salaried workers Organized labor: I% of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Central African Empire Type: constitutional monarchy, founded on a single party Capital: Bangui Political subdivisions: 14 prefectures, 47 subprefectures Legal system: based on French, Islamic, and tribal law; in 1966 the Chief of State assumed all power and abrogated the constitution; in 1976 he promulgated a new constitution; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: Emperor Bokassa is chief of state and rules by decree; government is headed by a Prime Minister assisted by the Council of Ministers; judiciary, Supreme Court, court of appeals criminal , court, and numerous lower constitution ll ca s for a National Assembly Government leader: Emperor Salah Ad-Din Bokassa I Suffrage: universal over a 2 Elections: none have been held yet under Bokassa regime; provided for in new constitution EvoPloutionliticalofpartiac Blesk and leaders: Movement for the Social Africa (MESAN), ruling party under former regime, continues as a key body for organizing support for the regime led by Emperor Bokassa Communists: no Communist Party or significant number of sympathizers Member of: AFDB, Conference of East and Central African States, EAMA, ECA, FAO, GATT, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, ILO, IMF, ITU, OAU, OCAM, UDEAC, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GDP: $266 million (1974), $150 per capita Agriculture: commercial-cotton, coffee, peanuts, ses- ame, wood; main food crops-manioc, corn, peanuts, rice, potatoes, beef; requires wheat, flour, rice, beef, and sugar imports Major industries: sawmills, cotton textile mills, brewery, diamond mining and splitting Electric power: 27,000 kW capacity (1976); 65 million kWh produced (1976), 36 kWh per capita Exports: $73 million (f.o.b., 1975); cotton, coffee, diamonds, timber Imports: $98 million (c.i.f., 1975 est.); textiles, petroleum products, machinery and electrical equipment, motor vehicles and equipment, chemicals and pharmaceuticals Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 EMPIRE/CHAD Aid: economic (through 1975)-U.S., $10.3 million; EC, $73.8 million; U.N., $11.5 million; other international organizations, $23.4 million; Communist countries (1964-75), $7.2 million Major trade partners: France; preferential tariff applied to EC countries and franc zone; Yugoslavia, Japan, U.S. Budget: 1974 budget estimates-receipt $65.4 million, current expenditure $71.7 million Monetary conversion rate: 249.35 Communaute Finan- ciere Africaine francs=US$1 as of February 1977 Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: 22,250 km; 290 km bituminous, 4,120 km gravel and/or crushed stone, 7,800 km improved earth, remainder unimproved earth Inland waterways: 7,080 km; traditional trade carried on by means of dugouts on the extensive system of rivers and streams; the Oubangui River between Bangui and Brazza- ville is navigable for about 8 months a year, and short sections of the Sangha and the Lobaye Rivers are navigable throughout year; during high-water period (July-December) Oubangui navigable upstream from Bangui as far as Ouango Ports: Bangui, Ouango (river ports) Civil air: 5 major transport aircraft Airfields: 54 total, 48 usable; 3 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runway 2,440-3,659 m, 18 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: facilities are meager and provide only barely sufficient services; network is composed of low-capacity, low-powered radiocommunication stations and radio-relay links; single center of Bangui has only interna- tional radio connections; 5,540 telephones; 72,000 radio receivers; 1 AM station, 1 FM station, and 1 TV station DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 464,000; 237,000 fit for military service Supply: mainly dependent on France, but has received equipment from Israel, Italy, U.S.S.R., and FRG Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1976, $7,879,414; about 9% of central government budget LAND 1,284,640 km'; 17% arable, 35% pastureland, 2% forest and scrub, 46% other uses and waste Land boundaries: 5,987 km PEOPLE Population: 4,207,000 (July 1977), average annual growth rate 2.1% (7-72 to 7-76) Nationality: noun-Chadian(s); adjective-Chadian Ethnic divisions: over 240 tribes representing 12 major ethnic groups--Muslims (Arabs, Toubou, Fulani, Kotoko, Hausa, Kanembou, Baguirmi, Boulala, and Wadai) in the north and center and non-Muslims (Sara, Mayo-Kebbi, and Chari) in the south; some 150,000 nonindigenous, 5,000 of them French Religion: about half Muslim, 5% Christian, remainder animist Language: French official; Chadian Arabic is lingua franca in north, Sara and Sangho in south Literacy: estimated 5%-10% Labor force, only 55% of population in economically active group, of which 90% are engaged in unpaid subsistence farming, herding, and fishing; 47,000 wage earners in industry and civil service Organized labor: about 20% of wage labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name:. Republic of Chad Type: republic; military regime in power since April 1975 Capital: N'Djamena Political subdivisions: 14 prefectures Legal system: based on French civil law system and Chadian customary law; constitution adopted 1962; constitu- tion suspended and national assembly dissolved April 1975; judicial review of legislative acts in theory a power of the Supreme Court; has not accepted compulsory ICJ juris- diction Branches: executive authority exercised by Supreme Military Council composed of 9 officers Government leader: President of Supreme Military Council, General Felix Malloum Suffrage: universal over age 20 Elections: all political activity banned Political parities and leaders: political parties banned Communists: no front organizations or underground party; probably a few Communists and some sympathizers Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 Other political or pressure groups: lightly armed Muslim rebel bands have been opposing the government since October 1965 in east-central and since August 1969 in northern Chad Member of: AFDB, Conference of East and Central African States, EAMA, ECA, FAO, GATT, ICAC, ICAO, IBRD, IDA, IMF, ITU, Lake Chad Basin Commission, OAU, UEAC, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 1,004,000; 524,000 fit for military service; average number reaching military age (20) annually about 40,000 Supply: dependent on France primarily Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1976, $15.5 million; about 18% of total budget ECONOMY GDP: $375 million (est. 1974), $90 per capita; estimated real annual growth rate nearly zero since 1971 Agriculture: commercial-cotton, gum arabic, livestock, fish; food crops-peanuts, millet, sorghum, rice, dates, manioc, wheat; imports food Fishing: catch 115,000 metric tons (1974) Major industries: agricultural and livestock processing plants (cotton textile mill, slaughterhouses, brewery), natron Electric power: 22,000 kW capacity (1976); 60 million kWh produced (1976), 15 kWh per capita Exports: $68 million (f.o.b., 1974); cotton 74% Imports: $114 million (c.i.f., 1974); cement, petroleum, foodstuffs, machinery, textiles, and motor vehicles Major trade partners: France (about 40% in 1973) and UDEAC countries; preferential tariffs to EC and franc zone countries Aid: major source France, more than $10 million (1971-73); EDF, more than $15 million (1971-73); U.S. (FY62-74), $24.9 million; U.S.S.R., $5.0 million (1968-75); China, $67.6 million (1971-75); military aid (1954-68)-$5.4 million; from France, $4.1 million, remainder from West Germany and Israel; more than $10 million annually (est.) in French military aid (1969-71) Budget: 1976 ordinary budget-$64 million Monetary conversion rate: 248.47 Communaute Finan- ciere Africaine francs=US$1 as of January 1977 (floating) Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: 27,505 km; 242 km bituminous, 4,385 km gravel and laterite, and remainder unimproved Inland waterways: approximately 2,090 km of year- round navigability, increased to 4,830 km during high-water period Civil air: 4 major transport aircraft Airfields: 67 total, 63 usable; 4 with permanent-surface runways; 2 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 24 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: fair system of radiocommunication stations only for intercity links; principal center N'Djamena, secondary center Sarh; 5,480 telephones; 70,000 radio receivers; 1 AM, no FM, and no TV stations LAND 740,740 km'; 2% cultivated, 7% other arable, 15% permanent pasture, grazing, 29% forest, 47% barren mountains, deserts, and cities Land boundaries: 6,325 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 nm (fishing 200 nm) Coastline: 6,435 km PEOPLE Population: 10,641,000 (July 1977), average annual growth rate 1.9% (current) Nationality: noun-Chilean(s); adjective-Chilean Ethnic divisions: 95% European stock and mixed European with some Indian admixture, 3% Indian, 2% other Religion: 89% Roman Catholic, 11% Protestant Language: Spanish Literacy: 89% Labor force: 3.3 million (1973); 19% agricultural, 28% industry and construction, 29% services, 14% commerce, 5% mining, 5% other (1973) Organized labor: 25% of labor force (1973) 36 Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 July 1977 GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Chile Type: republic Capital: Santiago political subdivisions: CHILE payments abroad (1975 est.); real growth rate, 1976, 5.9%; 1972-76 average annual increase, -1.6% Agriculture: main crops-wheat, other cereals, potatoes; about 65% self-sufficient; 2,650 calories per day per capita reorganization of regional struc- ture in progress Legal system: based on Code 1857 derived from Spanish law and subsequent codes influenced by French and Austrian law; constitution adopted 1925, amended since then, currently being revised; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court; legal education at University of Chile, Catholic University, and several others; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: four-man Military-Police junta, which exer- cises ta P eident of junta; congress dissolved; executive powers to civilian judiciary remains PINO- Government leader: President, Gen. Augusto Tor bin CHET Ugarte; other junta members, Adm. Jose MERINO Castro, Gen. Gustavo LEIGH Guzman, Gen. Cesar MENDOZA Duran Suffrage: none Elections: prohibited by d ' 1974 decree; all electoral registers (1971 est.) exports $49.1 Fishing: catch 1,127,000 metric tons (1974); emillion (1975) roc- Major industries: copper, nitrates, foodstuffs, fish p essing, textiles and apparel, iron and steel, pulp and paper Crude steel: 0.7 million metric tons capacity (1967); 450,000 metric tons produced (1976), 42 kg per capita Electric power: 2,700,000 kW capacity (1976); 10 billion kWh produced (1976), 957 kWh per capita ore, paper Exports: $2.0 billion (f.o.b., 1976); copper, iron products, nitrates, iodine, and fresh fruit petroleum, Imports: $1.6 billion (c.i.f., 1976); foodstuffs, and equipment, chemicals Major trade partners: export41%E CC 211%o Japan 28% U.S., 29% LAFTA; imports-179'c (1975) 1 484.6 On FY46 73) , , Aid: economic-extensions from U.S. ( million loans, $224 million grants; from international organizations (FY46-75), $720 million (of which IBRD $266 million, IDB $409 million); from other Western countries (1960-66), $170.6 million; from Communist countries (1967-75), $447.7 million; military (FY53-75)-from U.S., $62 million in loans, $154 million in grants Budget: $1.8 billion revenues, $2.4 billion expenditures were destroye m Political parties and leaders: Christian Democratic Party (PDC), Andres Zaldivar and Eduardo Frei; National Party (PN), Sergio Onofre Jarpa; PDC and (PN) are officially banned; Popular Unity coalition parties (outlawed)- Communist Party (PCCh), Luis Corvalan (in exile); Socialist Party (PS), Clodomiro Almeyda and Carlos Altamirano (both in exile); Radical Party (PR); Christian Left (IC); United Popular Action Movement (MAPU); Independent Popular Action (API) Voting strength (1970 presidential election): 36.6% Popular Unity coalition, 35.3% conservative independent, 28.1% Christian Democrat; (1973 Congressional election) 44% Popular Unity coalition, 56% Democratic Confeder- ation (PDC and PN) Communists: 248,000 when PCCh was legal in 1973; active militants now estimated at about 20,000 Other political or pressure groups: organized labor; business organizations; landowners' associations (SNA- Sociedad Nacional de Agricultural); Catholic church; ex- treme leftist, Movement of Revolutionary Left (MIR), outlawed; rightist, Patria y Libertad (PyL), outlawed Member of: AIOEC, CIPEC, ECOSOC, FAO, GATT, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IDB, IFC, IHO, ILO, IMCO, IMF, IPU, ITU, LAFTA, OAS, SELA, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO, WSG ECONOMY GDP: $9.2 billion (1976 in 1976 prices), $864 per capita; 81.4% private consumption, 12.3% government p- tion; 12.4% gross investment, -6.1% net imports and factor (1976) Monetary conversion rate: 1977), changes frequently Fiscal year: calendar year 18.7 pesos=US$1 (April COMMUNICATIONS 246 km Railroads: 8,815 km; 3,337 km 1.676-meter gage, standard gage (1.435 m), 4,230 km meter gage (1.00 m), 110 km narrow gage (0.760 m), 35 km 0.600-meter gage, 857 km, specific gage not given; 318 km double track; 1,137 km electrified 31,800 km gravel, Highways: 63,750 km; 8,900 km paved, 23,050 km improved and unimproved earth inland waterways: 725 km Pipelines: crude oil, 755 km; refined products, 785 km; natural gas, 320 km Ports: 10 major, 20 minor Civil aiir: 37 major transport aircraft Airfields: 353 total, 353 usable; 43 with permanent- surface 54With runways; 6 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, runways 1,220-2,439 m; 6 seaplane statioils Telecommunications: modern telephone system based on extensive radio relay facilities; 2,469,000 telephones, 6.3 taOcean million radio sets, 3 million TV sets; I56 Atlantic satellite station; 158 AM, 30 FM, and Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 CHILE/CHINA, PEOPLES REPUBLIC OF DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 2,773,000; 2,089,000 fit for military service; average number reaching military age (19) annually about 116,000 Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1977, US$420.5 million; about 28.5% of central government budget CHINA, PEOPLES REPUBLIC OF LAND 9.6 million km2; 11% cultivated, sown area extended by multicropping, 78% desert, waste, or urban (32% of this area consists largely of denuded wasteland, plains, rolling hills, and basins from which about 3% could be reclaimed), 8% forested; 2%-3% inland water Land boundaries: 24,000 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm Coastline: 14,500 km PEOPLE Population: 965,937,000 (July 1977), average annual growth rate 1.5% (current) Nationality: noun-Chinese (sing., pl.); adjective- Chinese Ethnic divisions: 94% Han Chinese; 6% Chuang, Uighur, Hui, Yi, Tibetan, Miao, Manchu, Mongol, Pu-I, Korean, and numerous lesser nationalities Religion: most people, even before 1949, have been pragmatic and eclectic, not seriously religious; most impor- tant elements of religion are Confucianism, Taoism, Buddhism, ancestor worship; about 2%-3% Muslim, 1% Christian Language: Chinese (Mandarin mainly; also Cantonese, Wu, Fukienese, Amoy, Hsiang, Kan, Hakka dialects), and minority languages (see ethnic divisions above) Literacy: at least 25% Labor force: 335 million (mid-1966); 85% agriculture, 15% other; shortage of skilled labor (managerial, technical, mechanics, etc.); surplus of unskilled labor GOVERNMENT Legal name: Peoples Republic of China Type: Communist state; real authorit li i h y es w t Commu- nist party's political bureau; the National People's Congress, in theory the highest organ of government, in reality merely rubber stamps the party's programs; the State Council is the actual governing organism Capital: Peking Political subdivisions: 21 provinces, 3 centrally governed municipalities, and 5 autonomous regions Legal system: before 1966, a complex amalgam of custom and statute, largely criminal; little ostensible development of uniform code of administrative and civil law; highest judicial organ is Supreme People's Court although legal activity centered in parallel network of Public Security organs; laws and legal procedure clearly subordinated to priorities of party policy; whole system largely suspended during Cultural Revolution, but gradually being revived Branches: prior to 1966 control was exercised by Chinese Communist Party, through State Council, which supervised more than 50 ministries, commissions, bureaus, etc., all technically under the standing committee of the National People's Congress; this system broke down under "Cultural Revolution" pressures but has been reconsolidated and streamlined to 29 ministries Government leader: Premier of State Council, Hua Kuo-feng; government subordinate to central committee of CCP und Ch , er airman Hua Kuo-feng Suffrage: universal over age 18, though this is Elections: no meaningful elections Political parties and leaders: Chinese Communist Party (CCP)entral, headed ommittee;by aHua Kuo-feng; Hua is Chairman of C new central committee was formed at the 10th Party Congress held in August 1973 Voting strength: 100% Communist for practical purposes; no political nonconformity permitted Communists: about 30 million party members in 1976 Other political or pressure groups: army (PLA) remains a major force, although many soldiers who acquired a wide range of civil political-administrative duties during the Cultural Revolution have been removed; many veteran civilian officials, in eclipse since the Cultural Revolution, have been reinstated; mass organizations, such as the trade unions and the youth league, have been rebuilt in the provinces; plans are underway to rebuild the national organizations Member of: FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, IHO, ILO, IMCO, IMF, ITU, Red Cross, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO, other international bodies Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 July 1977 Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 CHINA, PEOPLES REPUBLIC OF/CHINA, REPUBLIC OF CHINA, REPUBLIC OF ECONOMY capita GNP: $299 billion (1975), $320 per caP Agriculture: main crops-rice, wheat, miscellaneous grains, cotton; caloric intake, 2,000 calories per day per capita (1976); agriculture mainly subsistence; grain imports 1.9 million metric tons in 1976 Major industries: iron and steel, coal, machine building, armaments, textiles Shortages: complex machinery and equipment, highly skilled scientists and technicians Crude steel: 23 million metric tons produced, 24 kg per capita (1976) Electric power: 38 million kW capacity (1976); 130 billion kWh produced (1976), 135 kWh per capita Exports: $7.0 billion (f.o.b., 1976); agricultural products, minerals and metals, manufactured goodshemical Imports: $6.0 billion (c.i.f., 1976); grain, chemical fertilizer, industrial raw materials, machinery and equip- ment Major trade partners: Japan, Hong Kong, West Ger- many, France, Singapore/Malaysia, U.S., Canada, Romania, U.K., (1975) Monetary conversion rate: about 1.9 yuan=US$1 (arbi- trarily established) Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: networks total about 44,000 route km com- mon-carrier lines; about 600 kin meter gage m); krest in standard gage (1.435 m); all double track on standard gage lines; Paochi to Ch range g electrified; about 9,700 km industrial lines (gages from 0.59 to 1.435 m) Highways: about 820,000 km all types roads; almost half (about 300,000 km) unimproved natural earth roads and tracks; about 210,000 km improved earth roads about 2- to roads (about r250,000 km) r includes t majority of principal remainder Ports: 9 major, 180 minor Airfields: 388 total; 246 with permanent-surface runways; 10 with runways 3,500 in and over; 51 with runways 2,500 ito 3,499 m; 256 with runways 1,000 to 2,499 m; 63 runways less than 1,000 m; 2 seaplane stations; 6 airfields still under construction Telecommunications: urban and industrial areas served by reasonably adequate facilities for domestic and interna- tional communication needs; facilities being expanded; effective broadcast coverage is provided by radio, extensive wired-broadcast networks, and an expanding TV network; estimated 5 million telephones, 45 million radio receivers, 140 million wired-speakers and 350,000 TV receivers; 250 AM, 1 FM, and 105 TV transmitter and rebroadcast stations; 3 standard international communications satellite ground stations; coaxial cable links Canton to Hong Kong; subma- rine cable links Shanghai to Japan; additional submarine cables planned I East China Sea Taipei REPUBLIC Of CHINA South China Sea Vo~ PHILIPPINES LAND 24% cultivated, 6% 32,260 km2 (Taiwan and Pescadores); pasture, 55% forested, 15% other (urban, industrial, de- nuded, water area) WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 nm (fishing 12 nm) Coastline: 990 km Taiwan, 459 km offshore islands PEOPLE population of Population: 16,601,000, excluding the pQuemoy and Matsu islands and foreigners (July 1977), average annual growth rate 1.9% (7-75 7-76) eNationality: noun-Chinese (sing., pl.); adjective- Chinese Ethnic divisions: 84% Taiwanese, 14% mainland Chinese, 2% aborigines Religion: 93% mixture of Buddhism, Confucianism, and Taoism; 4.5% Christian; 2.5% other also Language: Chinese Mandarin (official language), a Taiwanese and Hakka dialect Literacy: about 90% Labor force: 5.7 million; 30% primary industry (agricul- ture), 36% secondary industry (including manufacturing, mining, construction), 33% tertiary industry (including commerce and services) 1975; 1.5% unemployment (1976) Organized labor: about 12% of 1972 labor force (government controlled) GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of China Type: republic; one-party presidential regime Capital: Taipei Political subdivisions: 16 counties, 4 cities, 1 special municipality (Taipei) Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 July 1977 CHINA, REPUBLIC OF/COLOMBIA Legal system: based on civil law system; constitution adopted 1947, amended 1960 to permit Chiang Kai-shek to be reelected, and amended 1972 to permit President to restructure certain government organs; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations Branches: 5 independent branches (executive, legislative, judicial, plus traditional Chinese functions of examination and control), dominated by executive branch; President and Vice President elected by National Assembly Government leaders: President Yen Chia-kan; Premier Chiang Ching-kuo Suffrage: universal over age 20 Elections: national level-legislative yuan every 3 years but no general election held since 1948 election on mainland (partial elections for Taiwan province representatives December 1969, December 1972, and December 1975); local level-provincial assembly, county and municipal executives every 4 years; county and municipal assemblies every 4 years Political parties and leaders: Kuomintang, or National Party, led by Chairman Chiang Ching-kuo, has no real opposition; 2 insignificant parties are Democratic Socialist Party, Young China Party Voting strength (1972 provincial assembly election): 58 seats Kuomintang, 13 seats independents Other political or pressure groups: none Member of: expelled from U.N. General Assembly and Security Council on 25 October 1971 and withdrew on same date from other charter-designated subsidiary organs; attempting to retain membership in international financial institutions; ICAC, ISO, IWC-International Wheat Council ECONOMY GNP: $17.1 billion (1976, in 1976 prices), $1,050 per capita; real growth, 8.3% (1970-76 average) Agriculture: most arable land intensely farmed-60% cultivated land under irrigation; main crops-rice, sweet potatoes, sugarcane, bananas, pineapples, citrus fruits; food shortages-wheat, corn, soybeans Fishing: catch 779,825 metric tons (1975) Major industries: textiles, clothing, chemicals, plywood, electronics, sugar milling, food processing, cement, ship building Electric power: 5,500,000 kW capacity (1976); 26 billion kWh produced (1976), 1,575 kWh per capita Exports: $8,080 million (f.o.b., 1976); 31% textiles, 14% electrical machinery, 6% plywood and wood products, 7% machinery and metal products, 7% plastics, 5% sugar Imports: $7,590 million (c.i.f., 1976); 18% machinery, 9% electrical machinery, 9% basic metals, 10% crude oil, 10% chemical products Major trade partners: exports-37.6% U.S., 13% Japan; imports-32% Japan, 24% U.S. (1976) Aid: economic-U.S. (FY46-75), $3.2 billion committed; IBRD (1964-75), $311 million committed; Japan (1965-74), $247 million committed; ADB (1968-75), $93 million committed; military-U.S. (FY46-75), $4.2 billion com- mitted Budget: $2.9 billion (FY77) Monetary conversion rate: NT$38 (New Taiwan)=US$1 Fiscal year: 1 July-30 June COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: about 1,000 km common-carrier and 3,500 km industrial lines, all on Taiwan; common-carrier lines consist of West System: 825 km meter gage (1.00 m) with 325 km double track; East Line: 175 km narrow gage (0.762 m); common-carrier lines owned by government and operated by Railway Administration (TRA) under Ministry of Communications; industrial lines owned and operated by government enterprises Highways: network totals 16,575 km plus 483 km on Penghu and offshore islands; 7,564 km paved, 6,276 km gravel d an crushed stone, 2,736 km earth Pipelines: 615 km refined products, 97 km Ports: 5 major, 5 minor natural gas Airfields: 37 total, 35 usable; 25 with permanent-surface runways; 2 with runways over 3,660 m, 10 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 10 with runways 1,220-2,439 m; 1 seaplane station Telecommunications: good international and domestic service; 1.1 million telephones; est. 3 million radio receivers; 2.9 million TV receivers; 111 AM, 6 FM broadcast stations; 3 TV systems; 2 international COMSAT ground stations; radio relay links to Hong Kong and the Philippines; new inter- island submarine cables; Manila submarine cable planned DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49 4 146 0 , , , 00; 3,328,000 fit for military service; about 199,000 currently reach military age (19) annually Military budget: for fiscal year ending 30 June 1978, $1,672.5 million including personnel costs; about 48.3% of total government budget LAND COLOMBIA 1,139,600 km2; settled area 28% consisting of cropland and fallow 5%, pastures 14%, woodland, swamps, and water 6%, urban and other 3%; unsettled area 72%-mostly forest and savannah Land boundaries: 6,035 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm Coastline: 2,414 km 40 Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 July 1977 PEOPLE Population: 24,880,000 (July 1977), rowth rate 2.8% (7-74 to 7-75) COLOMBIA 52% Liberal Party, 40% Conservative Party, 7% combined far left parties; 70% abstention of eligible voters Communists: 10,000-12,000 members est. Other political or pressure groups: Communist Party (PCC), Gilberto Vieira White; PCC/ML, Chinese Line Communist Party, led by Pedro Lupo Leon Arboleda Roldan Member of: FAO, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, IDA, IDB, IFC, IHO, ILO, IMF, ISO, ITU, LAFTA and Andean Sub-Regional Group (created in May 1969 within LAFTA), OAS, SELA, U.N., UNESCO, UPEB, UPU, WHO, WMO, WSG average annual g Nationality: noun-Colombian(s); adjective-Colombian Ethnic divisions: 58% mestizo, 20% caucasian, 14% mulatto, 4% Negro, 3% mixed Negro-Indian, 1% Indian Religion: 95% Roman Catholic Language: Spanish Literacy: 47% of population over 15 years Labor force: 5.6 million (1966); 47% agriculture, 13% manufacturing, 18% services, 9% commerce, 13% other (1964); 10%-13% unemployment (1975) Organized labor: 13% of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Colombia Type: republic; executive branch dominates government structure Capital: Bogota Political subdivisions: 22 departments, 4 districts 4 special districts, 1 federal district Legal system: based on Spanish law; religious courts regulate marriage and divorce; constitution decreed in 1886, amendments codified in 1946 and 1968; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations Branches: President, bicameral legislature, judiciary Government leader: President Alfonso Lopez Michelsen Suffrage: universal over age 21 Elections: every fourth year; last presidential and congressional elections April 1974; municipal and depart- mental elections, April 1976 Political parties and leaders: Liberal Party, President Alfonso Lopez Michelsen; Conservative Party, Alvaro Gomez Hurtado Voting strength: 1974 presidential election-Alfonso Lopez Michelsen 55%, Alvaro Gomez Hurtado 32%, Maria Eujenia Rojas de Moreno 9.5%; 1976 municipal election, ECONOMY GNP: $16.32 billion, est. (1976, in 1976 prices), $674 per capita; 76% private consumption, 7% public consumption, 18% gross investment, - 2% net foreign balance (1975); real growth rate (1976), 7.0%; average real growth rate (1972-76), 6.5% Agriculture: main crops-coffee, rice, corn, sugarcane, plantains, bananas, cotton, tobacco; caloric intake, 2,140 calories per day per capita (1970) Fishing: catch 90,500 metric tons 1974; exports $9.9 million (1972), imports $7.1 million (1972) Major industries: textiles, food processing, clothing and footwear, beverages, chemicals, and metal products Crude steel: 0.37 million metric tons produced (1975), 16 kg per capita Electric power: 3,300,000 kW capacity (1976); 13.7 billion kWh produced (1976), 598 kWh per capita Exports: $1.8 billion (f. o.b., 1976 est.); coffee, fuel oil, cotton, tobacco, sugar, textiles, cattle and hides Imports: $1.4 billion (c.i.f., 1976 est.); transportation equipment, machinery, industrial metals and raw materials, chemicals and pharmaceuticals, fuels, fertilizers, paper and paper products, foodstuffs and beverages Major trade partners: exports-36% U.S., 16% Germany, 7% Spain; imports-40% U.S., 10% Germany, 8% Japan, 4% Spain (1973) Aid: economic-extensions from U.S. (FY46-75), $1,279 million loans, $302 million grants; from international organizations (FY46-75), $1.8 billion; from other Western countries (1960-71), $77.6 million; from Communist coun- tries (1968-75), $24.5 million ($2.7 million drawn); mili- tary-assistance from U.S. (FY46-75), $155 million Budget: (1975) revenues $1.23 billion; expenditures $1.27 billion Monetary conversion rate: 36.430 pesos=US$1 (January 1977, changes frequently) Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 3,456 km, all 0.914-meter gage, single track, 35 km electrified Highways: 56,650 km; 7,150 km paved, 37,350 km crushed stone or gravel, 8,150 km improved earth Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 COLOMBIA/COMOROS Inland waterways: 14,300 km, navigable by river boats Religion: predominantly Islamic Pipelines: crude oil, 3,220 km; refined products, 1,330 Language: French, Arabic, Swahili km; natural gas, 590 km; natural gas liquids, 125 km Literacy: presumably low Ports: 5 major, 5 minor Labor force: mainly agricultural Civil air: 119 major tr ansport aircraft Airfields: 722 total, 682 usable; 42 with permanent- surface runways; 1 with runway over 3,660 m; 6 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 85 with runways 1,220-2,439 m; 11 seaplane stations Telecommunications: nationwide radio-relay system; 1 Atlantic Ocean satellite station; 1.34 million telephones; 6.8 million radio and 1.45 million TV receivers; 325 AM, 130 FM, and 48 TV stations DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 5,502,000; 3,594,000 fit for military service; average number reaching military age (18) annually about 260,000 Military budget: proposed for fiscal year ending 31 December 1977, $145.9 million; about 8% of central government budget COMOROS LAND 2,170 km2; 4 main islands; forests 16%, pasture 7%, cultivable area 48%, non-cultivable area 29% WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm (fishing 200 nm); 200 nm exclusive economic zone Coastline: 340 km PEOPLE Population: 322,000 (July 1977), average annual growth rate 2.5% (current) Nationality: noun-Comoran(s); adjective-Comoran Ethnic divisions: mixture of Arab, Malay, Negroid GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of the Comoros Type: three of the four islands comprise an independent republic, following local government's unilateral declaration of independence from France in July 1975; other island, Mayotte, disallowed declaration and is now a French Territorial community Capital: Moroni Political subdivisions: 3 prefectures, 3 Legal system: French and Muslim law Branches: in April 1977, Ali Soilih was renamed Chief of State by a 100-member Conseil National Populaire; he had resigned earlier that month as part of a self-initiated reorganization of the government and turned power over to a 16-member committee; the Conseil has also adopted a new constitution; details on the new government are unavailable Suffrage: universal adult Elections: as part of the government reorganization, elections are to be held sometime this year Communists: information not available Member of: OAU ECONOMY GDP: about $45 million (1973), $160 per capita; growth probably negligible through 1974 Agriculture: food crops-rice, manioc, potatoes, fruits, vegetables; export crops-essential oils for perfumes (mainly ylang-ylang), vanilla, copra, cloves Exports: $13 million (1974); perfume oils, vanilla, copra, cloves Imports: $37 million (1974); foodstuffs, cement, fuels, chemicals, textiles Major trade partners: France, Malagasy Republic, Italy, Kenya, Tanzania and U.S. Electric power: 1,000 kW capacity (1976); 3 million kWh produced (1976); 10 kWh per capita Aid: French aid in 1971 was about $2.7 million, or about 50% of the island's entire budget; Arab League, $10 million in 1976 Budget: 1974-revenues, $10.5 million, current expendi- tures, $9.4 million, investment expenditures, $1.3 million Monetary conversion rate: 216 Communaute Financiere Africaine (CFA) francs=US$1 as of January 1975 (floating since February 1973) COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: 999 km; approximately 295 km bituminous, remainder crushed stone or gravel Ports: 1 minor (Moroni on Grande Comore) Civil air: 4 major transports (registered in France) 42 Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 Airfields: 5 total, 5 usable; 5 with permanent surface runways; 1 with runway 2,440-3,659 m, 4 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: minimal system of HF radiocom- munication stations for interisland, island and external communications to Malagasy and Reunion; Dzaoudzi center but of slight significance; 1,410 telephones; 37,000 radio receivers; 1 AM, 1 FM, and no TV stations LAND 349,650 km2; 63% dense forest or woodland, 33% cultivable or grazing (2% cultivated est.), 4% urban or waste Land boundaries: 4,514 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 30 nm Coastline: 169 km PEOPLE Population: 1,417,000 (July 1977), average annual growth rate 2.6% (current) Nationality: noun-Congolese (sing., pl.); adjective- Congolese or Congo Ethnic divisions: about 15 ethnic groups divided into some 75 tribes, almost all Bantu; most important ethnic groups are Kongo (48%) in south, Teke (17%) in center, M'Bochi (12%) and Sangha (20%) in north; about 8,500 Europeans, mostly French Religion: about half animist, half nominally Christian, less than 1 % Muslim Language: French official, many African languages with Lingala and Kikongo most widely used Literacy: about 20% Labor force: about 40% of population economically active, most engaged in subsistence agriculture; 79,100 wage earners; 40,000-60,000 unemployed Organized labor: 16% of total labor force (1965 est.) Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 COMOROS/CONGO GOVERNMENT Legal name: Peoples Republic of the Congo Type: republic; military regime established September 1968 Capital: Brazzaville Political subdivisions: 9 regions divided into districts Legal system: based on French civil law system and customary law; constitution adopted 1973 Branches: President, Military Committee, Council of State; judiciary; all policy made by Congolese Workers Party Central Committee and Politburo Government leaders: President, Colonel Joachim Yhombi-Opango; Prime Minister Louis Goma Suffrage: universal over age 18 Elections: last legislative elections June 1973 Political parties and leaders: Congolese Workers Party (PCT) is only legal party Communists: unknown number of Communists and sympathizers Other political or pressure groups: Union of Congolese Socialist Youth (UJSC), Congolese Trade Union Congress (CSC), Revolutionary Union of Congolese Union (URFC), General Union of Congolese Pupils and Students (UGEEC) Member .of: AFDB, Conference of East and Central African States, EAMA, ECA, EIB (associate), FAO, GATT, IBRD, ICAO, II)A, ILO, IMF, ITU, OAU, UDEAC, UEAC, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GDP: about $600 million (1974 est.), $580 per capita; real growth rate about 5% per year (1971-74) Agriculture: cash crops-sugarcane, wood, coffee, cocoa, palm kernels, peanuts, tobacco; food crops-root crops, rice, corn, bananas, manioc, fish Fishing: catch 19,000 metric tons (1974) Major industries: crude oil, sawmills, brewery, cigarettes, sugar mill, soap Electric power: 51,200 kW capacity (1976); 120 million kWh produced. (1976), 87 kWh per capita Exports: $220 million (f.o.b., 1976 est.); oil (58%), lumber, sugar, tobacco, veneer, and plywood Imports: $329 million (f.o.b., 1976 est.); machinery, transport equipment, manufactured consumer goods, iron and steel, foodstuffs, petroleum products Major trade partners: France and other EC countries Budget: 1976 est.-revenue $184 million, expenditures $221 million Monetary conversion rate: 249.35 Communaute Finan- ciere Africaine francs=US$1 as of February 1977 Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: '784 km, 1,067-meter gage, single track Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 Highways: 8,302 km; 365 km bituminous surface treated; an, major ty remainder gravel, laterite, or improved earth Cook Islands Christian Church I l n and waterways: 6,485 km navigable Ports: 1 major (Pointe Noire) Civil air: 7 major transport aircraft Airfields: 68 total, 51 usable; 3 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runway 2,440-3,659 in, 18 with runways 1,220-2,439 m; 1 seaplane station Telecommunications: services adequate for government and public; network is comprised of low-capacity, low-powered radiocommunication stations, coaxial cables and wire lines; key centers are Brazzaville, Pointe-Noire, and Dolisie; 10,500 telephones; 83,000 radio receivers; 2,800 TV receivers; 3 AM stations, 1 FM station, and 1 TV station DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 340,000; 169,000 fit for military service; about 14,000 reach military age (20) annually Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1976, $37,517,400; about 17% of central government budget COOK ISLANDS rPUA,.1p GUINEA Pacific Ocean NEW ZEALAND LAND About 240 km2 WATER Limits of territorial waters: 3 urn Coastline: about 120 km COOK ISLANDS PEOPLE Population: 18,000, official estimate for 31 March 1975 Nationality: noun-Cook Islander(s); adjective-Cook Islander Ethnic divisions: 81.3% Polynesian (full blood), 7.7% Polynesian and European, 7.7% Polynesian and other, 2.4% European, 0.9% other GOVERNMENT Legal name: Cook Islands Type: self-governing in "free Zealand; Cook Islands government internal affairs and has right at any time independence by unilateral action; New to move to full Zealand retains responsibility for external affairs, in consultation with Cook Islands government Capital: Rarotonga Branches: New Zealand Governor Representative to Cook Islands, who represents the Queen and the New Zealand government; Representative appoints the Premier; Legislative Assembly of 22 members, popularly elected; House of Arikis (chiefs), 15 members, appointed by Representative, an advisory body only Government leader: Premier Albert Henry Suffrage: universal adult Elections: every 4 years, latest in December 1975 Political parties and leaders: Cook Islands Party, Sir Albert Henry; Democratic Party, Dr. Thomas Davis Voting strength (1974): Cook Islands Party, 13 seats; Democratic Party, 9 seats ECONOMY GDP: $400 per capita (1973) Agriculture: export crops include copra, citrus fruits, pineapples, tomatoes, and bananas, with subsistence crops of. yams and taro Industry: fruit processing Electric power: 3,000 kW capacity (1976); 10 million kWh produced (1976), 526 kWh per capita Exports: $2.7 million (1971); fruit juice, clothing, citrus fruits Imports: $5.8 million (1971) Major trade partners: (1970) exports-98% New Zealand, imports-76% New Zealand, 7% Japan Monetary conversion rate: 1 NZ$=US$0.9947 (July 1976) COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: 260 km; 19 km paved, 109 km gravel, 84 km improved earth, 48 km unimproved earth Inland waterways: none Ports: 2 minor Civil air: no major transport aircraft Airfields: 3 total, 3 usable; 1 with permanent-surface runway 2,317 in, 2 with natural surface runways 1,220-2,439 m; 1 seaplane station Telecommunications: 6 AM, no FM, and no TV stations; 7,000 radio receivers, and 960 telephones Religion: Christi i of populace members of fully responsible for General appoints 44 Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 July 1977 COSTA RICA COSTA RICA Government leader: President Daniel Oduber Suffrage: universal and compulsory age 18 and EI t ns? eve,,ry 4 years; next, February 1978 ec Political parties and leaders: National Liberation Party (PLN), Luis Alberto Monge, president, Carlos Manuel Castillo, secretary-general; National Unification Party (PUN), Francisco Calderon Guardia; Democratic Renova- tion Party (PRD), Rodrigo Carazo; Christian Democratic Party (PDC), Jorge Monge Zamora; National Independence Party (PNI), Jorge Gonzalez Marten; Popular Vanguard Party (PVP, Communist), Manuel Mora Valverde Voting strength (1974 election): National Unification (coalition of PUN and others) 30.4%, 16 seats; PLN 43.5%, 27 seats; PNI 11%, 6 seats; PRD 9%, 3 seats; other 2.3%, 2 seats Communists: 3,200 members, 10,000 sympathizers Other political or pressure groups: Costa Rican Confed- eration of Democratic Workers (CCTD), General Confeder- s G LAND 51,000 km2; 30% agricultural land (8% cultivated, 22% meadows and pasture), 60% forested, 10% waste, urban, and other Land boundaries: 670 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm (fishing 200 nm; specialized competence over living resources to 200 nm) Coastline: 1,290 km PEOPLE Population: 2,038,000 (July 1977), average annual growth rate 2.4% (7-70 to 7-76) Nationality: noun-Costa Rican Ethnic Negro Rican(s); adjective-Costa divisions: 98% white Religion: 95% Roman Language: Spanish about 85% (including mestizo), 2% Literacy. Labor force: 585,313 (1975); 36% agriculture; 12% manufacturing; 11% commerce; 6% construction; 5% trans- portation, utilities; 20% service (government, education, social); 2% finance; 8% other; 7.4% unemployment (1973) Organized labor: about 11.5% of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic Type: unitary republic Capital: San Jose Political subdivisions: 7 provinces Legal system: based on Spanish civil law system; constitution adopted 1949; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court; legal education at University of Costa Rica; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: President, unicameral legislature, Supreme Court elected by legislature , rower ation of Workers (CGT), Chamber of Coffee National Association for Economic Development (ANFE) Member of: CACM, FAO, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IDB, IFC, ILO, IMF, IPU, ITU, IWC-International Wheat Council, NAMUCAR (Caribbean Multinational Shipping Line--Naviera Multinacional del Caribe), WHO UPU EB , , , ODECA, SELA, U.N., UNESCO, UP W M0 ECONOMY GNP: $1.9 billion (1976, in 1976 dollars), $920 per capita; 72% private consumption, 17% public consumption, 23% gross domestic investment, - 12% net foreign balance (1975); real growth rate 1976, 5.5%; average growth (1972-76), 6.0% Agriculture, main products-bananas, coffee, sugarcane, rice, corn, cocoa, livestock products; caloric intake, 2,610 calories per (lay per capita (1966) $2.2 Fishing: catch 14,000 metric tons (1974); exports, million (1973), imports, $0.3 million (1973) Major industries: food processing, textiles and clothing, construction materials, fertilizer billion Electric power: 380,000 kW capacity (1976); 1.5 kWh produced (1976), 741 kWh per capita Exports: $585 million (f.o.b., 1976); coffee, bananas, beef, sugar, cacao Imports: $773 million (c.i.f., 1976); manufactured prod- ucts, machinery, transportation equipment, chemicals, fuels, foodstuffs, fertilizer Major trade partners: exports-32% U.S., 24% CACM, 13% West Germany; imports-34% U.S., 16% CACM, 6% West Germany, 10% Japan (1974) Aid: economic-extensions from U.S. (FY46-75), $138 million loans, $117 million grants; from international organizations (FY46-75), $349 million; from other Western countries (1960-71), $7.7 million; military-assistance from U.S. (FY60-75), $2.0 million; Communist, $15 million (economic) from. U.S.S.R. (1971) Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 COSTA RICA/CUBA Monetary conversion rate: 8.57 colones=US$1 Fiscal year: calendar year WATER COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 651 km; 632 km 1.065-meter gage, 19 km 0.914-meter gage, all single track, 115 km electrified Highways: 23,100 km; 1,650 km paved, 6,650 km otherwise improved, 14,800 km unimproved earth Inland waterways: about 730 km perennially navigable Pipelines: refined products, 125 km Ports: 3 major (Limon, Golfito, Puntarenas), 4 minor Civil air: 26 major transport aircraft Airfields: 155 total, 149 usable; 22 with permanent- surface runways; 1 with runway 2,440-3,659 m; 9 with runways 1,220-2,439 m; 2 seaplane stations Telecommunications: good domestic telephone service; 115,000 telephones; connection into Central American microwave net; 350,000 radio and 175,000 TV receivers; 29 AM, 10 FM, and 12 TV stations DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 460,000; 301,000 fit for military service; average number reaching military age (18) annually about 26,000 Supply: dependent on imports from U.S. Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1977, $13.5 million for Ministry of Public Security, including the Civil Guard; about 2.7% of total central government budget CUBA LAND 114,478 km2; 35% cultivated, 30% meadow and pasture, 20% waste, urban, or other, 15% forested Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm (fishing 200 nm); 200 nm exclusive economic zone Coastline: 3,735 km PEOPLE Population: 9,643,000 (July 1977), average annual growth rate 1.6% (current) Nationality: noun-Cuban(s); adjective-Cuban Ethnic divisions: 51% mulatto, 37% white, 11% Negro, 1% Chinese Religion: at least 85% nominally Roman Catholic before Castro assumed power Language: Spanish Literacy: about 96% Labor force: 2.36 million; 34% agriculture, 17% industry, 6% construction, 6% transportation, 29% services, 8% unemployed and underemployed Organized labor: 46% of total force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Cuba Type: Communist state Capital: Havana Political subdivisions: 14 provinces and 169 munici- palities Legal system: based on Spanish and American law, with large elements of Communist legal theory; Fundamental Law of 1959 replaced Constitution of 1940; a new constitution was approved at the Cuban Communist Party's First Party Congress in December 1975 and by a popular referendum which took place on 15 February 1976; portions of the new constitution were put into effect on 24 February 1976, by means of a Constitutional Transition Law, and the entire constitution became effective on 2 December 1976; legal education at Universities of Havana, Oriente, and Las Villas; does not accept compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: executive; legislature (National People's Assem- bly); controlled judiciary Government leader: President Fidel Castro Ruz Suffrage: universal, but not compulsory, over age 16 Elections: National People's Assembly (indirect election) every five years; election held November 1976 Political parties and leaders: Cuban Communist Party (PCC), First Secretary Fidel Castro Ruz, Second Secretary Raul Castro Ruz Communists: approx. 200,000 party members Member of: CEMA, ECLA, FAO, GATT, IADB (nonpar- ticipant), ICAO, IHO, ILO, IMCO, International Rice Commission, ISO, IWC-International Wheat Council, ITU, NAMUCAR (Caribbean Multinational Shipping Line- Naviera Multinacional del Caribe), OAS (nonparticipant), Permanent Court of Arbitration, Postal Union of the Americas and Spain, SELA, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO, WSG 46 Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 July 1977 ECONOMY GDP: $7.5 billion (1974 est., in 1974 prices), $820 per capita; 60% private consumption, 20% public consumption, 20% gross investment; real growth rate 1974, 3% Agriculture: main crops-sugar, tobacco, coffee, rice, potatoes, tubers, citrus fruits Fishing: catch 145,000 metric tons (1975); exports $63 million (1975), imports $24.4 million (1973) Major industries: sugar milling, petroleum refining, food and tobacco processing, textiles, chemicals, paper and wood products, metals Shortages: spare parts for transportation and industrial machinery, consumer goods Crude steel: 0.35 million metric tons capacity (planned); 297,500 metric tons produced (1975); 30 kg per capita Electric power: 1,500,000 kW capacity (1976); 7 billion kWh produced (1976), 737 kWh per capita Exports: $2.9 billion (f.o.b., 1976 est.); sugar, nickel, tobacco Imports: $3.5 billion (c.i.f., 1976 est.); capital goods, industrial raw materials, food, petroleum Major trade partners: exports-66% U.S.S.R., 14% other Communist countries; imports-51% U.S.S.R., 13% other Communist countries, 6% Spain (1976) Monetary conversion rate: 1 peso=US$1.21 (nominal) Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 14,640 km government-owned; 5,040 km common-carrier lines of which 4,960 km standard gage (1.435 m), 80 km 0.914-meter gage; about 9,600 km plantation/ industrial lines, 6,400 km standard gage (1.435 m), 3,200 narrow gage Highways: 20,700 km; 8,800 km paved, 11,900 km gravel and earth surfaced Inland waterways: 240 km Pipelines: natural gas, 80 km Ports: 8 major (including U.S. Naval Base at Guantan- amo), 44 minor; Guantanamo under U.S. control Civil air: 31 major transport aircraft (1 leased) Airfields: 195 total, 181 usable; 44 with permanent- surface runways; 1 with runway over 3,660 m, 8 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 24 with runways 1,220-2,439 m; 11 seaplane stations Telecommunications: modern facilities adequately serve military, governmental, and some civilian needs; excellent international facilities via HF and satellite; 380,000 tele- phones; 2.1 million raido and 625,000 TV sets; 100 AM, 25 FM, and 15 TV stations; 4 submarine cables DEFENSE FORCES Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1966 (last announced budget), $213 million; about 7.8% of total budget CYPRUS LAND 9,251 km'; 47% arable and land under permanent crops, 18% forested, 10% meadows and pasture, 25% waste, urban areas, and other WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm Coastline: 644 km PEOPLE Population: 639,000 (July 1977), average annual growth rate 0.0% (1-74 to 7-76) Nationality: noun-Cypriot(s); adjective-Cypriot Ethnic divisions: 78% Greek; 18% Turkish; 4% British, Armenian, and other Religion: 78% Greek Orthodox, 18% Muslim, 4% Mason- ite Armenian Apostolic and other Language: Greek, Turkish, English Literacy: about 82% of population 7 years or older Labor force: 267,000 (1970 est.), 38% agriculture, 23% industry, 9% commerce, 2% mining, 28% other; 3,130 registered unemployed (December 1968) Organized labor: 24% of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Cyprus Type: republic since August 1960; separate de facto Greek Cypriot, and Turkish Cypriot governments have evolved since outbreak of communal strife in 1963; this separation was further solidified following the Turkish invasion of the island in July 1974; negotiations, which have been going on since January 1975, have focused on the creation of a federal system of government with substantial autonomy for each of the two communities Capital: Nicosia Political subdivisions: 6 administrative districts Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 Legal system: based on common law, with civil law modifications; negotiations to create the basis for a new or revised constitution to govern the island and relations between Greek and Turkish Cypriots have been going on intermittently Branches: currently a rump government with effective authority only over the Greek Cypriot community, consist- ing basically of Greek Cypriot parts of bodies provided for by constitution; headed by President of the Republic and comprised of Council of Ministers, House of Representatives, and Supreme Court; Turkish Cypriots have their own "Constitution" and governing bodies within the "Federated Turkish State of Cyprus" Government leaders: President, Archbishop Makarios III (Greek); Vice President, Rauf Denktash (Turk) Suffrage: universal age 21 and over Elections: officially every 5 years; Turkish Cypriot "Presidential" and "Parliamentary" elections held June 1976; Greek Cypriot parliamentary elections held in September 1976 Political parties and leaders: Reform Party of the Working People (AKEL) (Communist Party), Ezekias Papaioannou; Democratic Rally (DR), Glafkos Clerides; Democratic Front (DF) (pro-Makarios), Spyros Kyprianou; United Democratic Union of the Center (EDEK), Vassos Lyssarides; National Unity Party, Rauf Denktash; Populist Party, Alper Orhon; Republican Turkish Cypriot Party, Ahmet Berberoglou; Communal Salvation Party Voting strength: Rauf Denktash won the 1976 "Presiden- tial" contest in the Turkish Cypriot zone with 76% of the vote and his party won 30 of 40 seats in the "Assembly" with 54% of the vote; a pro-Makarios coalition composed of AKEL, EDEC, and the DF received 75% of the vote in the September 1976 Greek Cypriot parliamentary election and 34 of 35 seats while Clerides' DM won 25% of the vote and no seats; the remaining seat was given to an independent Communists: 12,000; sympathizers estimated to number 60,000 Other political or pressure groups: United Democratic Youth Organization (EDON) (Communist-controlled); Pan Cyprian Confederation of Labor (PEO) (Communist-con- trolled); Cyprus Confederation of Labor (SEK) (pro-West); Cyprus Turkish Federation of Trade Unions (KTBIF) Member of: Commonwealth, Council of Europe, FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, ILO, IMF, ITU, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GNP: $710.8 million (1975), $1,090 per capita; 1975 real growth rate - 19.9% Agriculture: main crops-vine products, citrus, potatoes, other vegetables; food shortages-grain, dairy products, meat, fish; caloric intake, 2,460 calories per day per capita (1964-66) Major industries: mining (cupreous and iron pyrites, asbestos), manufactures principally for local consumption- food, beverages, footwear Shortages: water, petroleum Electric power: 278,000 kW capacity (1976); 792 million kWh produced (1976), 1,224 kWh per capita Exports: $258 million (f.o.b., 1976, converted at average trade conversion factor of 1 Cyprus pound=US$2.44); principal items-copper, pyrites, citrus, raisins, and other agricultural products Turkish Sector exports: $15 million (f.o.b., 1976, con- verted at average conversion factor of 16.053 Turkish lira=US$1); principal items are foodstuffs, petroleum, raw materials, and machinery Imports: $434 million (c.i.f., 1976, converted at average trade conversion factor of 1 Cyprus pound=US$2.44); principal items-manufactured goods, machinery and trans- port equipment, petroleum products, foods Turkish Sector imports: $55 million (c.i.f., 1976, con- verted at average trade conversion factor of 16.053 Turkish lira=US$1); principal items are citrus fruits Major trade partners: (1976) imports-20% U.K., 10% Greece, 9% Italy, 7% West Germany, 6% U.S., 5% France; exports-28% U.K., 5% U.S.S.R., 2% Netherlands, 2% Greece, 1% West Germany Turkish Sector major trade partners: (1975) imports- 64% Turkey, 12% U.K., 6% West Germany, 4% Lebanon; exports-44% Turkey, 33% U.K., 12% Netherlands Aid: economic-U.S., $39.4 million authorized (FY46-75), U.S., $30 million (1976); IBRD, $80.1 million (FY46-76); U.N. Technical Assistance, $1.7 million (FY46-72); U.N. Special Fund, $9.9 million (FY46-72); Greece, $79 million (1976) Turkish Sector aid: Turkey, $45 million Budget: 1977-revenues $168 million, expenditures $181 million, deficit $13 million Turkish Sector budget: revenues $38 million, expendi- tures $78 million, deficit $40 million Monetary conversion rate: 1 Cyprus pound=US$2.61 (December 1971 through January 1973), 1 Cyprus pound=US$2.4112 (trade conversion factor as of December 1976) Turkish Sector monetary conversion rate: 16.67 Turkish lira=US$1 (trade conversion factor as of January 1977) Fiscal year: calendar year Note: 1974 and 1975 GNP, import, export, and budget figures are Government of Cyprus figures which include 100% of island until August 1974 and 60% of island thereafter; the Turkish sector of island for last 4 months of 1974 is part of Turkish mainland economy; with the passage of time, some information on the Turkish sector of the island has become available. 48 Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 July 1977 COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: 9,358 km; 4,203 km bituminous surface treated; 5,155 km gravel, crushed stone, and earth Ports: 3 major (Famagusta, Larnaca, Limassol), 6 minor; Famagusta under Turkish control Civil air: 5 major transport aircraft Airfields: 13 total, 12 usable; 8 with permanent-surface runways; 3 with runways 1,220-2,439 m; 4 with runways 2,440-3,656 m Telecommunications: moderately good telecommunica- tion system; 77,000 telephones; 210,000 radio receivers; 86,000 TV receivers; 12 AM, 3 FM, and 4 TV stations; tropospheric scatter circuits to Greece and Turkey; 2 submarine coaxial cables DEFENSE FORCES Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1977, $33.7 million about 14% of central government budget CZECHOSLOVAKIA LAND 127,946 km2; 42% arable, 14% other agricultural, 35% forested, 9% other Land boundaries: 3,540 km PEOPLE Population: 15,049,000 (July 1977), average annual growth rate 0.8% (current) Nationality: noun-Czechoslovak(s); adjective-Czecho- slovak Ethnic divisions: 64.3% Czechs, 30.0% Slovaks, 4.0% Magyars, 0.6% Germans, 0.5% Poles, 0.4% Ukrainians, 0.2% others (Jews, Gypsies) Religion: 77% Roman Catholic, 20% Protestant, 2% Orthodox, 1% other Language: Czech, Slovak, Hungarian Literacy: almost complete Labor force: 7,4 million; 14% agriculture, 38.6% industry, 11% services, 36.4% construction, communications and others CYPRUS /CZECHOSLOVAKIA GOVERNMENT Legal name: Czechoslovak Socialist Republic (C.S.S.R.) Type: Communist state Capital: Prague Political subdivisions: 2 ostensibly separate and nomi- nally autonomous republics (Czech Socialist Republic and Slovak Socialist Republic); 7 regions (kraj) in Czech lands, three regions in Slovakia; national capitals of Prague and Bratislava have regional status Legal system,: civil law system based on Austrian- Hungarian codes, modified by Communist legal theory; revised constitution adopted 1960, amended in 1968 and 1970; no judicial review of legislative acts; legal education at Karlova University School of Law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: executive-President (elected by Federal As- sembly), cabinet (appointed by President); legislative- Federal Assembly (elected directly), Czech and Slovak National Councils (also elected directly) legislate on limited area of regional matters; judiciary-Supreme Court (elected by Federal Assembly); entire governmental structure domi- nated by Communist Party Government leaders: President Gustav Husak (elected May 1975), Premier Lubomir Strougal Suffrage: universal over age 18 Elections: governmental bodies every 5 years (last election, October 1976); President every 5 years Dominant political party and leader: Communist Party of Czechoslovakia (KSC), Gustav Husak, General Secretary; Communist Party of Slovakia (KSS) has status of "provincial KSC organization" Voting strength (1976 election): 99.7% for Communist- sponsored single slate Communists: 1.38 million party members (April 1976) Other political groups: puppet parties-Czechoslovak Socialist Party, Czechoslovak People's Party, Slovak Free- dom Party, Slovak Revival Party Member of: CEMA, FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, ILO, International Lead and Zinc Study Group, IMCO, IMF, IPU, ISO, ITC, ITU, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, Warsaw Pact, WHO, WMO, WSG ECONOMY GNP: $55.1 billion in 1976 (at 1975 prices), $3,700 per capita; 1976 real growth rate 1.9% Agriculture: diversified agriculture; main crops-wheat, rye, potatoes, sugar beets; net food importer-meat, wheat, vegetable oils, fresh fruits and vegetables; caloric intake, 3,100 calories per day per capita (1967) Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 Major industries: machinery, food processing, metal- lurgy, textiles, chemicals Shortages: ores, crude oil Crude steel: 14.3 million metric tons produced (1975), 970 kg per capita Electric power: 14 million kW capacity (1976); 62.7 billion kWh produced (1976), 4,195 kWh per capita Exports: $9,395 million (f.o.b., 1976); 48% machinery, equipment; 30% fuels, raw materials; 4% foods, food products, and live animals; 18% consumer goods, excluding foods (1975) Imports: $9,705 million (f.o.b., 1976); 37% machinery, equipment; 42% fuels, raw materials; 9% foods, food products, and live animals; 7% consumer goods, excluding foods (1975) Monetary conversion rate: noncommercial 9.27 crowns=US$1, commercial 5.77 crowns=US$1 Fiscal year: calendar year Note: foreign trade figures were converted at the rate of 6.77 crowns=US$1 COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 13,208 km; 12,920 km standard gage (1.435 m), 112 km broad gage (1.524 m), 176 km narrow gage (1.00 m and 1.067 m); 2,786 km double track; 2,787 km electrified; government-owned (1975) Highways: 72,981 km; 1,381 km concrete; 55,200 km bituminous; 2,880 km cobblestone, brick sett, stone block; 13,520 km crushed stone, gravel, improved earth (1975) Inland waterways: 483 km (1977) Pipelines: crude oil, 1,448 km; refined products, 861 km; natural gas, 5,601 km Freight carried: rail-272.8 million metric tons, 62.8 billion metric ton/km (1975); highway-955.9 million metric tons, 13.6 billion metric ton/km (1974); waterway- 5.7 million metric tons, 2.6 billion metric ton/km (excl. int'l. transit traffic) (1975) Ports: no maritime ports; outlets are Gdynia, Gdansk, and Szczecin in Poland; Rijeka and Koper in Yugoslavia; Hamburg, FRG; Rostock, GDR; principal river ports are Prague, Melnik, Usti nad Labem, Decin, Komarno, Bra- tislava (1976) DEFENSE FORCES Military budget (announced): for fiscal year ending 31 December 1976, est. 24.5 billion crowns, about 9% of total budget DENMARK LAND 42,994 km' (exclusive of Greenland and Faroe Islands); 64% arable, 8% meadows and pastures, 11% forested, 17% other Land boundaries: 68 km July 1977 WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 nm (fishing 200 nm) Coastline: 3,379 km PEOPLE Population: 5,090,000 (July 1977), average annual growth rate 0.3% (current) Nationality: noun-Dane(s); adjective-Danish Ethnic divisions: homogeneous white population Religion: 96% Evangelical Lutheran, 3% other Protestant and Roman Catholic, 1% other Language: Danish; small German-speaking minority Literacy: 99% Labor force: 2.5 million; 9.5% agriculture, forestry, fishing, 26.6% manufacturing, 8.3% construction, 15.7% commerce, 6.8% transportation, 5.6% services, 25.7% gov- ernment, 1.8% other; 7.6% of registered labor force unemployed (January 1976) Organized labor: 65% of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Kingdom of Denmark Type: constitutional monarchy Capital: Copenhagen Political subdivisions: 14 counties, 277 communes, 88 towns Legal system: civil law system; constitution adopted 1953; judicial review of legislative acts; legal education at Universities of Copenhagen and Arhus; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations Branches: legislative authority rests jointly with Crown and parliament (Folketing); executive power vested in Crown but exercised by cabinet responsible to parliament; Supreme Court, 2 superior courts, 106 lower courts Government leaders: Queen Margrethe II; Prime Minis- ter, Anker Jorgensen 50 Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 July 1977 Suffrage: universal, but not compulsory, over age 21 Elections: on call of prime minister but at least every four years (last election 15 February 1977) Political parties and leaders: Social Democratic, Anker Jorgensen; Moderate Liberal, Poul Harding; Conservative, Poul Schluter; Radical Liberal, Kristen Helveg Petersen; Socialist Peoples, Gert Petersen; Communist, Knud Jesper- sen; Left Socialist, Preben Wilhjelm and Steen Folke; Center Democratic, Erhard Jakobsen; Progressive, Mogens Glistrup; Christian People's, Jens Miller; Justice, Ib Christensen; Communist League Marxist-Leninest, Benito Scocozza Voting strength (1977 election): 37.5% Social Democratic, 14.3% Progressive, 12.3% Moderate Liberals, 8.3% Conserva- tive, 6.4% Center Democratic, 3.9% Socialist Peoples, 3.7% Communist, 3.6% Radical Liberal, 3.5% Christian, 3.2% Justice, 2.7% Leftist Socialist Communists: 7,500-8,000; a number of sympathizers, as indicated by 114,034 Communist votes cast in 1977 elections Member of: ADB, Council of Europe, DAC, EC, EEC, ELDO (observer), EMA, ESRD, EURATOM, FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, IDA, IEA, IFC, IHO, ILO, International Lead and Zinc Study Group, IMCO, IMF, IPU, ISO, ITC, ITU, IWC-International Wheat Council, NATO, Nordic Council, OECD, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO, WSG ECONOMY GNP: $38 billion (1976 est.), $7,480 per capita; 58% private consumption, 20% investment, 25% government -3% net foreign sector and stock building (1975); 1976 growth rate 5%, constant prices Agriculture: highly intensive, specializes in dairying and animal husbandry; main crops-cereals, root crops; food imports-oilseeds, grain, feedstuffs; caloric intake, 3,180 calories per day per capita (1968-69) Fishing: catch 1.73 million metric tons, exports $427.7 million (1975) Major industries: food processing, machinery and equip- ment, textiles and clothing, chemical products, electronics, transport equipment, metal products, brick and mortar, furniture and other wood products Crude steel: 723,000 metric tons produced (1976), 142 kg per capita Electric power: 6,400,000 kW capacity (1976); 23.9 billion kWh produced (1976), 4,705 kWh per capita Exports: $9.1 billion (f.o.b., 1976); principal items-meat, dairy products, industrial machinery and equipment, textiles and clothing, chemical products, transport equipment, fish, furs, and furniture Imports: $12,4 billion (c.i.f., 1976); principal items- industrial machinery, transport equipment, petroleum, textile fibers and yarns, iron and steel products, chemicals, grain and feedstuffs, wood and paper Major trade partners: 45.4% EC-nine (16.8% West Germany, 14.2% U.K.); 14.6% Sweden; 5.6% U.S.; 4.3% Communist countries (1975) Aid: economic-U.S., $360 million authorized FY46-75; IBRD, $85.2 million through 1975, none since 1964; net official economic aid given to less developed areas and multilateral agencies, $250.5 million (1960-70), $76.5 million (1971), $98.3 million (1972), $131.6 million (1973), $170.9 million (1974); military-U.S., $640 million (FY49-75) Budget: (1976) expenditures $13.75 billion, revenues $11.15 billion Monetary conversion rate: 6.045 Kroner=US$1 (1976, average exchange rate) Fiscal year: 1 April-31 March COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 2,744 km standard gage (1.435 m); Danish State Railways (DSB) operate 2,227 km (1,999 km rail line and 228 km rail ferry services); 84 km electrified, 743 km double tracked; 517 km of standard gage lines are privately-owned and operated Highways: approximately 64,480 km; 62,400 km con- crete, bitumen, or stone block; 2,080 km gravel, crushed stone, improved earth Inland waterways: 417 km Pipelines: refined products, 418 km Ports: 16 major, 44 minor Civil air: 54 major transport aircraft including 9 belonging to Greenland Airfields: 169 total, 131 usable; 22 with permanent- surface runways; 8 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 8 with runways 1,220.2,439 m; 1 seaplane station Telecommunications: excellent telephone, telegraph, and broadcast services; 2.36 million telephones; 1.84 million radiobroadcast receivers; 1.62 million TV receivers; 5 AM, 13 FM, and 34 TV stations; 14 submarine coaxial cables DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 1,216,000; 1,065,000 fit for military service; 38,000 reach military age (20) annually Military budget: proposed for fiscal year ending 31 March 1978, $940.5 million; about 10.5% of proposed central government budget DJIBOUTI (formerly French Territory of the Afars and Issas) LAND 23,310 km2; 89% desert wasteland, 10% permanent pasture, and less than 1% cultivated Land boundaries: 517 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm Coastline: 314 km (includes offshore islands) Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 PEOPLE Population: 180,000 (official estimate for 1972) Nationality: noun-Afar(s), Issa(s); adjective-Afar, Issa Ethnic divisions: (approximate figures) 59,350 Somalis, mostly Issas (large number of the Somalis are temporary immigrants from Somalia, not citizens of territory), 53,650 Afars, 6,000 Arabs, 7,000 French (inclusive of French military forces) Religion: 94% Muslim, 6% Christian Language: Somali, Afar, French, Arabic, all widely used Literacy: about 5% Labor force: a small number of semiskilled laborers at port Organized labor: some 3,000 railway workers organized GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Djibouti Type: republic Capital: Djibouti Legal system: based on French civil law system, traditional practices and Islamic law Branches: 65-member parliament, cabinet, president, prime minister Government leader: President, Hassan Gouled Suffrage: universal Elections: Parliament elected May 1977 Political parties and leaders: National Independence Union (UNI), Ali Aref Bourhan; African People's Independ- ence League (LPAI), Hassan Gouled and Ahmed Dini; Popular Liberation Movement, Kamil Ali; Front for the Liberation of the Somali Coast (FLCS); governing coalition consists of the LPAI, the FLCS, and their Afar allies, elected under the banner of the National Independence Rally (RNI) Communists: possibly a few sympathizers ECONOMY Gross territorial product: $65 million (1972) Agriculture: livestock; desert conditions limit commercial crops to about 15 acres, including fruits and vegetables July 1977 Industry: ship repairs and services of port and railroad Electric power: 23,500 kW capacity (1976); 55 million kWh produced (1976), 306 kWh per capita Imports: $74 million (1973); almost all domestically needed goods-foods, machinery, transport equipment Exports: $20 million, including transit trade (1973); hides and skins, and transit of coffee Monetary conversion rate: 177 Djibouti francs=US$1 Fiscal year: probably same as that for France (calendar year) COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 97 km meter gage (1.00 m) Highways: 750 km; 100 km paved, 650 km improved earth Ports: 1 major (Djibouti) Airfields: 7 total, 7 usable; 1 with permanent-surface runway; I with runway 2,440-3,659 m, 4 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Civil air: 4 major transport aircraft (registered in France) Telecommunications: fair system of urban facilities in Djibouti and radiocommunication stations at outlying places; 3,600 telephones; 13,000 radio receivers; 3,000 TV receivers; 1 AM, no FM, and 1 TV station DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, about 30,000; about 17,000 fit for military service Defense is responsibility of France LAND 790 kmz; 24% arable, 2% pasture, 67% forests, 7% other WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 nm Coastline: 148 km 52 Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 PEOPLE Population: 79,000 (July 1977), average annual growth rate 1.6% (4-60 to 4-70) Nationality: noun-Dominican(s); adjective-Dominican Ethnic divisions: mostly of African Negro descent Religion: Roman Catholic, Church of England, Methodist Language: English; French patois Literacy: about 80% Labor force: 23,000; about 50% in Organized labor: 25% of the labor agriculture force GOVERNMENT Legal name: State of Dominica Type: dependent territory with full internal autonomy as a British "Associated State;" expects to become independent in November 1977 Capital: Roseau Political subdivisions: 10 parishes Legal system: based on English common law; three local magistrate courts and the British Caribbean Court of Appeals Branches: legislature, 11 member popularly elected House of Assembly; executive, cabinet headed by Premier Government leaders: Premier Patrick Roland John; U.K. Governor Sir Louis Cools-Lartigue Suffrage: universal adult suffrage over age 18 Elections: every 5 years; most recent March 1975 Political parties and leaders: Dominica Labor Party (DLP), Patrick John; Dominica Freedom Party (DFP), Miss M. Eugenia Charles (unofficial) Voting strength: House of Assembly seats-DFP 3 seats, DLP 16 seats, independent 2 seats Communists: negligible Member of: CARICOM ECONOMY GDP: $21.0 million (1971 est.), $270 per capita; 8.8% increase in 1971, including price changes Agricultural products: bananas, citrus, coconuts, cocoa Major industries: agricultural processing, tourism Electric power: 10,000 kW capacity (1976); 20 million kWh produced (1976), 256 kWh per capita Exports: $12 million (f.o.b., 1975); bananas, lime juice and oil, cocoa, reexports Imports: $22 million (c.i.f., 1975); machinery and equipment, foodstuffs, manufactured articles, cement Major trade partners: 47% U.K., 15% Commonwealth Caribbean countries, 7% U.S., 6% Canada (1975) Monetary conversion rate: 2.70 East Caribbean dol- lars=US$1 (May 1975), now floating with pound sterling COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: 750 km; 370 km paved, 260 km gravel, crushed stone, or stabilized earth surface, 120 km unimproved Ports: 2 minor (Roseau, Portsmouth) Civil air: no major transport aircraft Airfields: 1 with asphalt runway 1,472 m Telecommunications: 3,000 telephones in fully automatic network; VHF and UHF link to St. Lucia; 15,000 radio receivers; 150 TV receivers; 1 AM and 1 TV station DOMINICAN REPUBLIC Atlantic Ocean DOMINICAN -,REPUBLIC LAND 48,692 km2; 1.4% cultivated, 4% fallow, 17% meadows and pastures, 45% forested, 20% built-on or waste Land boundaries: 361 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 6 nm (fishing 200 nm); 200 nm exclusive economic zone Coastline: 1,288 km PEOPLE Population: 4,978,000 (July 1977), average annual growth rate 2.9% (current) Nationality: noun-Dominican(s); adjective-Dominican Ethnic divisions: 73% mulatto, 16% white, 11% Negro Religion: 95% Roman Catholic Language: Spanish Literacy: 68% Labor force: 1.3 million; 73% agriculture, 8% industry, 19% services and other Organized )labor: 12% of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Dominican Republic Type: republic Capital: Santo Domingo Political subdivisions: 26 provinces and the National District Legal system: based on French civil codes; 1966 constitution Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 Branches: President popularly elected for a 4-year term; bicameral legislature consisting of Senate (27 seats) and Chamber of Deputies (91 seats) elected for 4-year terms; Supreme Court Government leader: President Joaquin Balaguer Suffrage: universal and compulsory, over age 18 or married, except members of the armed forces and police, who cannot vote Elections: national, last election May 1974, next election May 1978 Political parties and leaders: Reformist Party (PR), Joaquin Balaguer; Dominican Revolutionary Party (PRD), Francisco Pena Gomez, Dominican Liberation Party (PLD), Juan Bosch; Democratic Quisqueyan Party (PQD), Elias Wessin y Wessin; Revolutionary Social Christian Party (PRSC), Rogelio Delgado Bogaert; Movement for National Conciliation (MNC), Jaime Manuel Fernandez Gonzalez; Anti-reelection Movement of Democratic Integration (MIDA), Francisco Augusto Lora; National Civic Union (UCN), Guillermo Delmonte Urraca; National Salvation Movement (MSN), Luis Julian Perez; Popular Democratic Party (PDP), Homero Lajara Burgos; Fourteenth of June Revolutionary Movement (MR-1J4), split into several fac- tions, illegal; Dominican Communist Party (PCD), central committee, illegal; Dominican Popular Movement (MPD), illegal; 12th of January National Liberation Movement (ML-12E), Plinio Matos Moquete, illegal; Communist Party of the Dominican Republic (PACOREDO), Luis Montas Gonzalez, illegal; Popular Socialist Party (PSP), illegal Voting strength (1974 election): 85% PR, 15% PDP, all other parties abstained Communists: an estimated 1,500 to 1,800 members in six different factions; effectiveness limited by ideological differences and organizational inadequacies Member of: FAO, GATT, IADB, IAEA, IBA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IDB, IFC, IHO, ILO, IMCO, IMF, IOOC, ISO, ITU, OAS, SELA, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GNP: $3.9 billion (1975), $830 per capita; real growth rate 1975, 4.8% Agriculture: main crops-sugarcane, coffee, cocoa, to- bacco, rice, corn; imports rice; caloric intake, 2,200 calories per day per capita (1966) Major industries: sugar processing, nickel mining, bauxite mining, gold mining, textiles, cement Electric power: 670,000 kW capacity (1976); 1.7 billion kWh produced (1976), 352 kWh per capita Exports: $894 million (f.o.b., 1975); sugar, nickel, coffee, tobacco, cocoa, bauxite Imports: $950 million (c.i.f., 1975); foodstuffs petroleum, industrial raw materials, capital equipment Major trade partners: exports-71% U.S. (1975); im- ports-58% U.S. (1975) Aid: economic-U.S. authorizations (FY46-75), $235 million in grants, $297 million in loans; from international July 1977 organizations (FY46-75), $285 million; military-assistance from U.S. (FY53-75), $38 million, mostly grant Budget: revenues, $652 million; expenditures, $640 million (1975) Monetary conversion rate: 1 peso=US$1 Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 1,600 km; 104 km government-owned com- mon-carrier 1.065-meter gage; 1,496 km privately owned plantation lines of 4 different gages ranging from 0.60 m to 1.43 m, 0.760-meter gage predominating Highways: 11,400 km; 5,800 km paved, 5,600 km gravel and improved earth Pipelines: refined products, 69 km Ports: 5 major (Santo Domingo, Barahona, Haina, Las Calderas, San Pedro de Macoris), 17 minor Civil air: 35 major transport aircraft Airfields: 51 total, 44 usable; 11 with permanent-surface runways; 2 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 9 with runways 1,220-2,439 m; 1 seaplane station Telecommunications: relatively efficient domestic system based on islandwide radio relay network; 115,000 tele- phones; 600,000 radio and 190,000 TV receivers, 110 AM, 31 FM, and 11 TV stations; 3 submarine cables, including 1 coaxial; 1 Atlantic Ocean satellite station DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 1,135,000; 718,000 fit for military service; 52,000 reach military age (18) annually Supply: dependent upon U.S. and Western Europe Galapagos Islands LAND 274,540 km2 (including Galapagos Islands); 11% culti- vated, 8% meadows and pastures, 55% forested, 26% waste, urban, or other (excludes the Oriente and the Galapagos Islands, for which information is not available) 54 Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 July 1977 WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 200 nm Coastline: 2,237 km (includes Galapagos Is.) ECUADOR Andean Sub-Regional Group (formed in May 1969 within LAFTA), OAS, OPEC, SELA, U.N., UNESCO, UPEB, UPU, WHO, WMO PEOPLE Population: 7,250,000, excluding nomadic Indian tribes (July 1977), average annual growth rate 3.4% (11-62 to 6-74) Nationality: noun-Ecuadorean(s); adjective-Ecuador- ean Ethnic divisions: 40% mestizo, 40% Indian, 10% white, 5% Negro, 5% Oriental and other Religion: 95% Roman Catholic (majority Language: Spanish, Quechua Literacy: 57% nonpracticing) Labor force: 2 million, of which 56% agriculture, 13% manufacturing, 4% construction, 7% commerce, 4% public administration, 16% other services and activities Organized labor: less than 15% of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Ecuador Type: republic; under military regime Capital: Quito Political subdivisions: 20 provinces including Galapagos Islands Legal system: based on civil law system; modified 1945 constitution re-instituted in February 1972; legal education at 4 state and 2 private universities; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: Supreme Council of Government, made up of the three military chiefs, assumed power January 1976; judiciary system supervised by Supreme Court; six special tribunals established in July 1972 Government leader: President of Admiral Alfredo POVEDA Burbano Suffrage: universal for literates over Elections: none scheduled Supreme Council Political parties and leaders: National Velasquista Front, Jose Maria Velasco Ibarra, personalistic; Radical Liberal Party, Ignacio Hidalgo Villavicencio; Social Christian Party, Camilo Ponce, generally conservative; Conservative Party, Galo Pico Mantilla; Concentration of Popular Forces, Assad Bucaram, populist; National Revolutionary Party, Carlos Julio Arosemena, leftist Voting strength: in June 1968 national elections, Velas- quistas, a center-left coalition, and a rightist coalition each got approximately one-third Communists: Communist Party of Ecuador (PCE, pro- Moscow, Pedro Saad-secretary-general), 500 members plus an estimated 3,000 sympathizers; Communist Party of Ecuador (PCE/ML, pro-Peking), 100 members; Revolution- ary Socialist Party of Ecuador (PSRE), 200 members Member of: ECOSOC, FAO, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IDB, IFC, IHO, ILO, IMCO, IMF, ITU, LAFTA and ECONOMY GNP: $5.0 billion (est. 1976), $699 per capita; 61% private consumption, 11% public consumption, 28% gross invest- ment; average annual real growth rate 1974-76, 10.1% Agriculture: main crops-bananas, coffee, cocoa, sugar- cane, cotton, corn, potatoes, rice; caloric intake, 1,970 calories per day per capita (1970) Fishing: catch 105,200 metric tons (1974); exports $43 million (1975), imports negligible Major industries: food processing, textiles, chemicals, fishing, petroleum Electric power: 410,000 kW capacity (1976); 1.6 billion kWh produced (1976), 228 kWh per capita Exports: $1.3 billion (f.o.b., 1976); petroleum, bananas, coffee, cocoa, sugar, fish products Imports: $1.3 billion (f.o.b., 1976); agricultural and industrial machinery, wheat, petroleum products, chemical products, transportation and communication equipment Major trade partners: exports (1975)-47% U.S., 20% LAFTA, 9% EC; imports (1975)-41% U.S., 20% EC, 13% LAFTA Aid: economic-extensions from U.S. (FY46-75), $156 million loans, $133 million grants; from international organizations (FY46-75), $439 million; from Communist countries (1967-75), $19.4 million loans; military-assistance from U.S. (F).'49-75), $70 million Budget: (1976) revenues, $592 million; expenditures, $636 million Monetary conversion rate: 25 sucres=US$l Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 1,061 km; 989 km 1.067-meter gage, 72 km 0.750-meter gage; all single track Highways: 20,550 km; 3,450 km paved, 17,100 km otherwise improved Inland waterways: 1,500 km Pipelines: crude oil, 623 km; refined products, 473 km Ports: 3 major (Guayaquil, Manta, Puerto Bolivar), 11 minor Civil air: 31 major transport aircraft Airfields: 173 total, 173 usable; 17 with permanent- surface runways; 6 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 21 with runways 1,220-2,439 m; 3 seaplane stations Telecommunications: facilities adequate only in largest cities; 1 Atlantic Ocean satellite station; 193,000 telephones; 1.7 million radio and 300,000 TV receivers; 240 AM, 38 FM, and 10 TV stations DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 1,692,000; 1,103,000 fit for military service; average number reaching military age (20) annually 78,000 Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 LAND 1,000,258 km2 (including 57,498 km2 occupied by Israel); 2.8% cultivated (of which about 70% multiple cropped); 96.5% desert, waste, or urban; 0.7% inland water Land boundaries: 2,527 km (1967); approximately 2,580 km including border of occupied Sinai area (since Septem- ber 1975) Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm (plus 6 nm "necessary supervision zone") Coastline: 2,450 km (1967); includes approximately 500 km within occupied Sinai area (since September 1975) PEOPLE Population: 38,973,000 (July 1977), average annual growth rate 2.3% (current) Nationality: noun-Egyptian(s); adjective-Egyptian or Arab Republic of Egypt Ethnic divisions: 90% Eastern Hamitic stock; 10% Greek, Italian, Syro-Lebanese Religion: (official estimate) 94% Muslim, 6% Copt and other Language: Arabic official, English and French widely understood by educated classes Literacy: around 40% Labor force: 8 to 12 million; 45% to 50% agriculture, 10% industry, 10% trade and finance, 30% services and other; shortage of skilled labor Organized labor: 1 to 3 million GOVERNMENT Legal name: Arab Republic of Egypt Type: republic; under presidential rule since June 1956 Capital: Cairo Political subdivisions: 25 governorates Legal system: based on English common law, Islamic law, and Napoleonic codes; permanent constitution written in 1971; judicial review of limited nature in Supreme Court, also in Council of State which oversees validity of administrative decisions; legal education at Cairo University; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations Branches: executive power vested in President, who appoints cabinet; People's Assembly has little actual power (serves mainly for discussion and automatic approval); independent judiciary administered by Minister of Justice Government leader: President Anwar Sadat Suffrage: universal over age 18 Elections: elections to People's Assembly every 5 years (most recent October 1976); presidential elections every 6 years (most recent September 1976) Political parties and leaders: political parties banned except for the government-endorsed political groupings within the Arab Socialist Union (ASU) Communists: approximately 500, party members Member of: AAPSO, AFDB, Arab League, FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, IDA, IFC, IHO, ILO, IMCO, IMF, IOOC, IPU, ITU, IWC-International Wheat Council, OAPEC, OAU, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO, WPC, WSG ECONOMY GNP: $11.2 billion (1975), in current prices, $300 per capita; inter war annual growth rate of 1% or less accelerated to 4%-5% since 1973 Agriculture: main cash crop-cotton; other crops-rice, onions, beans, citrus fruit, wheat, corn, barley; not self-suffi- cient in food, but agriculture a net earner of foreign exchange Major industries: textiles, food processing, chemicals, petroleum, construction, cement Electric power: 4,871,000 kW capacity (1976); 9.0 billion kWh produced (1976), 236 kWh per capita Monetary conversion rate: official rate-1 Egyptian pound=US$2.54 (selling rate); 0.394 Egyptian pound= US$1 (selling rate); parallel market rate-1 Egyptian pound=US$1.43, 0699 Egyptian pound=US$1 Fiscal year: calendar year, beginning in 1973 COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 5,110 km; 917 km double track; 24 km electrified; 4,510 km standard gage (1.435 m), 253 km meter gage (1.00 m), 347 km 0.750-meter gage Highways: 47,276 km; 9,524 km paved, 450 km gravel and crushed stone, 10,302 km improved earth, 27,000 km unimproved earth Inland waterways: 3,360 km; Suez Canal, 160 km long, used by ocean-going vessels drawing up to 11.5 meters of water; Alexandria-Cairo waterway navigable by barges of 500-metric ton capacity; Nile and large canals by barges of 420-metric ton capacity; Ismailia Canal by barges of 200- to 300-metric ton capacity; secondary canals by sailing craft of 10- to 70-metric ton capacity Freight carried: Suez Canal (1966)-242 million metric tons of which 175.6 million metric tons were POL 56 Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 July 1977 Pipelines: crude oil, 378 km; refined products, 499 km; natural gas, 121 km Ports: 3 major (Alexandria, Port Said, Suez), 8 minor Civil air: 17 major transport aircraft Airfields: 100 total, 81 usable; 66 with permanent-surface runways; 45 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 1 with runway over 3,660 m, 19 with runways 1,220-2,439 m; 1 seaplane station Telecommunications: second-best system of coaxial and multiconductor cables, open-wire lines, and radiocommuni- cation stations in Africa; principal centers Alexandria and Cairo, secondary centers Al Mansurah, Ismailia, and Tanta; 503,200 telephones; 5.2 million radio and 620,000 TV receivers; 21 AM, 1 FM, and 29 TV stations; 1 Atlantic Ocean satellite station DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 8,592,000; 5,603,000 fit for military service; about 384,000 reach military age (20) annually EL SALVADOR SALVADOR Religion: predominantly Roman Catholic, probably 97%-98% Language: Spanish Literacy: 50% literacy in urban areas, 30% in rural areas Labor force: 1,500,000 (est. 1975); 57% agriculture, 14% services, 14% manufacturing, 6% commerce, 9% other; shortage of skilled labor and large pool of unskilled labor, but manpower training programs improving situation Organized labor: 4% of total labor force; 7% of nonagricultural labor force (1976 est.) LAND 21,400 km'; 32% cropland (9% corn, 5% cotton, 7% coffee, 11% other), 26% meadows and pastures, 31% nonagricul- tural, 11% forested Land boundaries: 515 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 200 nm Coastline: 307 km PEOPLE Population: 4,259,000 (July 1977), average annual growth rate 3.1% (7-74 to 7-75) Nationality: noun-Salvadoran(s); adjective-Salvadoran Ethnic divisions: 84%-88% mestizo; Indian and white minorities, 6%-8% each GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of El Salvador Type: republic Capital: San Salvador Political subdivisions: 14 departments Legal system: based on Spanish law, with traces of common law; constitution adopted 1962; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court; legal education at University of El Salvador; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdic- tion, with reservations Branches: traditionally dominant executive, unicameral legislature, Supreme Court Government leader: President Arturo Armando Molina, Carlos Humburto Romero takes office on 1 July 1977 Suffrage: universal over age 18 Elections: legislative elections every 2 years; presidential elections every 5 years; presidential elections March 1977, legislative and municipal elections March 1978 Political parities and leaders: National Conciliation Party (PCN), President Arturo A. Molina, and replaced by Carlos Humburto Romero on 1 July; Christian Democratic Party (PDC), Juan Ramirez Rauda, Dr. Pablo Mauricio Alvergue, Jose Napoleon Duarte; Salvadoran Popular Party (PPS), Benjamin Wilfredo Navarrete, Roberto Quinonez Meza, Dr. Jose Antonio Guzman; Communist Party of El Salvador (PCES), illegal., Jorge Shafick Handal; National Revolution- ary Movement (MNR), Dr. Guillermo Manuel Ungo; National Democratic Union Party (PUDN), Communist Front, Jorge Shafisk Handal, Francisco Roberto Lima, Julio Ernesto Contreras, Julio Castro Belloso; Independent Demo- cratic United Front (FUDI), Gen. Jose A. Medrano, Raul Salaverria Voting strength: February 1972 presidential election- PCN 43.4%, PDC, PUDN, and MNR coalition, 42.1%; FUDI, 12.3%; PPS 2.2%; March 1976 legislative election- PCN, 54 seats; opposition parties boycotted the election Communists: 100 to 200 active members; sympathizers, 5,000 Other political or pressure groups: the military; about 100 prominent families; General Confederation of Trade Unions (CGS); Unifying Federation of Salvadoran Trade Unions (FUSS), Communist dominated; Federation of Construction and Transport Workers Unions (FESINCONS- Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 EL SALVADOR/EQUATORIAL GUINEA TRANS), independent; Catholic Church; Salvadoran Na- tional Association of Educators (ANDES) Member of: Central American Common Market (CACM), FAO, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, IDA, IDB, IFC, ILO, IMF, ITU, IWC-International Wheat Council, OAS, ODECA, SELA, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GNP: $2.1 billion est. (1976), $510 per capita; 70% private consumption, 11% government consumption, 19% domestic investment; real growth rate, 5.5% (1976 prelim.) Agriculture: main crops-coffee, cotton, corn, sugar, rice, beans; caloric intake, 2,000 calories per day per capita (1963-64) Fishing: catch 15,000 metric tons (1974); exports $6.0 million (1971), imports $0.5 million (1972) Major industries: food processing, textiles, clothing, petroleum products Electric power: 260,000 kW capacity (1976); 1.1 billion kWh produced (1976), 266 kWh per capita Exports: $700 million (f.o.b., 1976); coffee, cotton, sugar Imports: $688 million (c.i.f., 1976); machinery, auto- motive vehicles, petroleum, foodstuffs, fertilizer Major trade partners: exports-30% U.S., 25% CACM, 45% other (1976); imports-32% U.S., 24% CACM, 44% other (1976) Aid: economic-from U.S. (FY46-75), $172.2 million loans, $74.4 million grants; from international organizations (FY46-75), $287 million; from other Western countries (1960-71), $9.8 million; military-assistance from U.S. (FY53-75), $15 million Budget: (1977) $428 million Monetary conversion rate: 2.5 colones=US$1 (official) Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 600 km 0.914-meter gage, single-tracked; 456 km privately owned, 144 km government-owned Highways: 10,800 km; 1,300 km bituminous, 2,000 km gravel or crushed stone, 7,500 km earth Inland waterways: Lempa River partially navigable Ports: 2 major (Acajutla, La Union), 1 minor Civil air: 8 major transport aircraft Airfields: 153 total, 153 usable; 3 with permanent- surfaced runways; 9 with runways 1,220-2,439 m; 1 seaplane station Telecommunications: nationwide trunk radio relay sys- tem; connection into Central American microwave net; 54,200 telephones; 600,000 radio and 138,000 TV receivers; 51 AM, 6 FM, and 5 TV stations DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 969,000; 594,000 fit for military service; 46,000 reach military age (18) annually Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1977, $33.2 million; 7.75% of central government budget EQUATORIAL GUINEA July 1977 LAND 27,972 km2; Rio Muni, about 25,900 km%, largely forested; Fernando Po, about 2,072 kmz Land boundaries: 539 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm Coastline: 296 km PEOPLE Population: 330,000 (July 1977), average annual growth rate 1.8% (7-68 to 7-69); Rio Muni, 232,000, average annual growth rate 1.5% (7-68 to 7-69); Fernando Po, 98,000, average annual growth rate 2.6% (7-68 to 7-69) Nationality: noun-Equatorial Guinean(s); adjective- Equatorial Guinean Ethnic divisions: indigenous population of Province Francisco Macias Nguema primarily Bubi, some Fernan- dinos; of Rio Muni primarily Fang; less than 1,000 Europeans, primarily Spanish Religion: natives all nominally Christian and predomi- nantly Roman Catholic; some pagan practices retained Language: Spanish official language of government and business; also pidgin English, Fang Literacy: 12% (est.) Labor force: most Equatorial subsistence agriculture GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Equatorial Guinea Type: republic, one-party presidential regime since 1968 Capital: Malabo, Province Francisco Macias Nguema Political subdivisions: 2 provinces (Province Francisco Macias Nguema and Rio Muni) Legal system: based on Spanish Civil law system and customary law, new constitution adopted August 1973; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction 58 Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 July 1977 Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 EQUATORIAL GUINEA/ETHIOPIA Branches: there are legislative and judicial branches but President exercises virtually unlimited power Government leader: President for life, Francisco Nguema Suffrage: universal age 21 and over Elections: parliamentary elections held December 1973 Political parties and leaders: National Unity Party of Workers (PUNT) is the sole legal party, led by President Macias Communists: sympathizers significant number of Communists or DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 77,000; 38,000 fit for military service Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1970, $3,475,700; 14.3% of central government budget ETHIOPIA Member of: Conference of East and Central African States, ECA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IMCO, IMF, ITU, OAU, U.N., UPU ECONOMY GNP: $70 million (1972); $240 per capita Agriculture: major cash crops-Rio Muni, timber, coffee; Fernando Po, cocoa; main food products-rice, yams, cassava, bananas, oil palm nuts, manioc, and livestock Fishing: catch 4,000 metric tons (1974) Major industries: fishing, sawmilling Electric power: 5,000 kW capacity (1976); 17 million kWh produced (1976), 53 kWh per capita Exports: $19 million (1973); cocoa, coffee, and wood Imports: $21 million (1973); foodstuffs, chemicals and chemical products, textiles Major trade partner: Spain Aid: Spain, $14.0 million (1969); Libya, $1 million (1971); China $24 million extended (1971) Budget: (1973) receipts $9 million, expenditures $12 million Monetary conversion rate: 64.47 Guinean pesetas=US$1 (official) COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: Rio Muni-2,460 km, including approx. 185 km bituminous, remainder gravel and earth; Fernando Po- 300 km, including 146 km bituminous, remainder gravel and earth Inland waterways: Rio Muni has approximately 167 km of year-round navigable waterway, used mostly by pirogues Ports: 2 major (Macias Nguema Biyogo, Rey Malabo), 3 minor Civil air: no major transport aircraft Airfields: 5 total, 3 usable; 2 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runway 2,440-3,659 m, 1 with runway 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: fairly adequate for the size and stage of development of the country; international commu- nications by radio from Bata and Malabo to Cameroon, Nigeria, and Spain; 1,700 telephones; 78,000 radio and 1,000 TV receivers; 2 AM stations, no FM stations, and 1 TV station LAND 1,178,450 km2; 10% cropland and orchards, 55% meadows and natural pastures, 6% forests and woodlands, 29% wasteland, built-on areas, and other Land boundaries: 5,198 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm; sedentary fisheries extends to limit of fisheries Coastline: 1,094 km (includes offshore islands) PEOPLE Population: 29,416,000 (July 1977), average annual growth rate 2.6% (7-74 to 7-75) Nationality: noun-Ethiopian(s); adjective-Ethiopian Ethnic divisions: Galla 40%, Amhara and Tigrai 32%, Sidamo 9%, Shankella 6%, Somali 6%, Afar 4%, Gurage 2%, other 1 % Religion: 35%-40% Ethiopian Orthodox, 40%-45% Mus- lims, 15%-20% animist, 5% other Language: Amharic official; many local languages and dialects; English major foreign language taught in schools Literacy: about 5% Labor force: 90% agriculture and animal husbandry; 10% government, military, and quasi-government Organized labor: All Ethiopian Trade Union formed January 1977 to represent 273,000 registered trade union members GOVERNMENT Legal name: Ethiopia Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 ETHIOPIA/FALKLAND ISLANDS (MALVINAS) Type: under military rule since mid-1974; monarchy abolished in March 1975, but republic not yet declared Capital: Addis Ababa Political subdivisions: 14 provinces (also referred to as regional administrations) Legal system: complex structure with civil, Islamic, common and customary law influences; constitution sus- pended September 1974; military leaders have promised a new constitution but established no time frame for its adoption; legal education at Addis Ababa University; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: effective power exercised by Provisional Military Administrative Council (PMAC), a group estimated at 40-100 officers and enlisted men which operates on committee system; predominantly civilian cabinet is ineffec- tual and holds office at suffrance of military; legislature dissolved September 1974; judiciary at higher levels based on Western pattern, at lower levels on traditional pattern, without jury system in either Government leader: Lieutenant Colonel Mengistu Haile- Mariam, Chairman of the Military Administrative Council Suffrage: universal over age 21 Elections: union dwellers' association officials elected October and December 1976 Political parties and leaders: All-Ethiopian Socialist Organization, a quasi-official group that supports the military government Communists: Ethiopian Communist Party is a small group opposed to military government Other political or pressure groups: important dissident groups include Eritrean Liberation Front (ELF) and Popular Liberation Forces (PLF) in Eritrea; Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Party (EPRP), a socialist underground move- ment in central and northern Ethiopia; and Ethiopian Democratic Union (EDU), primarily an exile group, although it has made some inroads inside Ethiopia; several other dissident groups with ethnic or provincial bases of support Member of: AFDB, ECA, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, ILO, IMF, IPU, ITU, OAU, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GDP: $2,680 million (1974), $100 per capita; average annual real growth rate 4% (1967-72), zero (1974) Agriculture: main crops-coffee, teff, durra, barley, wheat, corn, sugarcane, cotton, pulses, oilseeds; livestock Major industries: cement, sugar refining, cotton textiles, food processing, oil refinery Electric power: 297,000 kW capacity (1976); 500 million kWh produced (1976), 17 kWh per capita Exports: $239 million (f.o.b., 1975); coffee 33%, oilseeds 18%, pulses 14%, hides and skins 7%; $7.3 million to Communist countries (1975) Imports: $310 million (c.i.f., 1975); machinery and transportation equipment (29%), basic manufactures (23%), fuels (14%) Major trade partners: imports-Saudi Arabia, Japan, Italy, West Germany, Iran, U.K., and U.S.; exports-U.S., Saudi Arabia, FTAI, West Germany, Egypt, Japan Monetary conversion rate: 2.09 Ethiopian dollars=US$1 Fiscal year: 8 July-7 July COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 1,014 km; 676 km meter gage (1.00 m), 32 km 1.067-meter gage, 306 km 0.95-meter gage; all single track Highways: 23,000 km; 3,000 km bituminous, 5,000 km crushed stone, gravel, or stabilized earth, remainder earth Inland waterways: navigation possible on Lake Tana and on approx. 225 km of unconnected and basically unim- proved waterways, of which only 114 km are navigable year round Ports: 2 major (Assab, Massawa), 1 minor Civil air: 16 major transport aircraft Airfields: 190 total, 176 usable; 7 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runway over 3,660 m, 7 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 48 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: system better than most African countries; composed of open-wire lines, radiocommunication stations, and small number of multiconductor cable and radio-relay links; principal center Addis Ababa, secondary center Asmara; 69,000 telephones; 500,000 radio receivers; 20,000 TV receivers; 4 AM stations, no FM stations, and 1 TV station DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 7,366,000; 3,920,000 fit for military service; average number reaching military age (18) annually 301,000 Military budget: for fiscal year ending 7 August 1977, $104,445,000; 14.7% of central government budget FALKLAND ISLANDS (MALVINAS)' LAND Colony-12,168 kmz; area consists of some 200 small islands, chief of which are East Falkland (6,680 km2) and West Falkland (5,276 km5); dependencies-consists of the South Sandwich Islands, South Georgia, and the Shag and Clerke Rocks WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 nm Coastline: 1,288 km PEOPLE Population: 2,000 (official estimate for 1 July 1974) ' The possession of the Falkland Islands has been disputed by the U.K. and Argentina (which refers to them as the Malvinas) since 1833. 60 Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 July 1977 Monetary conversion rate: 1 Falkland Island pound = US$2.60 CHI Atlantic Ocean FALKLAND ,ISLANDS Nationality: noun-Falkland Islander(s); adjective-Falk- land Island Ethnic divisions: almost totally British Religion: predominantly Church of England Language: English Literacy: compulsory education up to age 14 Labor force: 1,100 (est.); est. over 95% in agriculture, mostly sheepherding GOVERNMENT Legal name: Colony of the Falkland Islands Type: British crown colony Capital: Stanley Political subdivisions: local government is confined to capital Legal system: English common law Branches: Governor, Executive Council, Legislative Council Government leader: Governor and Commander in Chief Ernest G. Lewis (also High Commissioner for British Antarctic Colony) Suffrage: universal ECONOMY Government budget: Colony-revenues, (FY68); expenditures, $1.1 million (FY68) Agriculture: Colony-predominantly sheep farming; de- pendencies-whaling and sealing Major industries: Colony-wool processing; depend- encies-whale and seal processing Electric power: 1,250 kW capacity (1976); 2.3 million kWh produced (1976), 1,150 kWh per capita Exports: Colony-$2.28 million (1969); wool, hides and skins, and other; dependencies-no exports in 1968 or 1969 Imports: Colony-$1.22 million (1969); food, clothing, fuels, and machinery; dependencies-$8,368 (1969); mineral fuels and lubricants, food, and machinery Major trade partners: nearly all exports to the U.K., also some to the Netherlands and to Japan; imports from Curacao, Japan, and the U.K. FAROE . ISLANDS Atlantic Ocean Norwegian Sea North Sea UNITED tKIN6DOM LAND 1,340 km2; less than 5% arable, of which only a fraction cultivated; archipelago consisting of 18 inhabited islands and a few uninhabited islets WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm Coastline: 764 km PEOPLE Population: 42,000, (1-71 to 1-75) Nationality: Faroese Ethnic divisions: homogeneous white population Religion: Evangelical Lutheran Languages: Faroese (derived from Old Norse), Danish Literacy: 99% Labor force: 15,000; largely engaged in fishing, manufac- turing, transportation, and commerce Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: 35 km; 16 km paved, 19 km gravel, and earth; no other made-up roads in the islands beyond the immediate vicinity of Stanley Ports: 1 major (Port Stanley), 4 minor Civil air: no major transport aircraft Airfields: 1 usable airfield, 1 seaplane station Telecommunications: government-operated and radio- telephone networks providing effective service to almost all points on both islands; approximately 650 telephones; 1 AM station and 1,100 est. radiobroadcast receivers Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 FAROE ISLANDS/FIJI GOVERNMENT Legal name: The Faroe Islands Type: self-governing province within the Kingdom of Denmark; 2 representatives in Danish parliament Capital: Torshavn on the island of Streymoy Political subdivisions: 7 districts, 49 communes, 1 town Legal system: based on Danish law; Home Rule Act enacted 1948 Branches: legislative authority rests jointly with Crown, acting through appointed High Commissioner, and provin- cial parliament (Lagting) in matters of strictly Faroese concern; executive power vested in Crown, acting through High Commissioner, but exercised by provincial cabinet responsible to provincial parliament Government leaders: Queen Margrethe II; Prime Minis- ter, Atli Dam; Danish Governor, Leif Groth Suffrage: universal, but not compulsory, over age 21 Elections: held every 4 years; next election 1981 (coincides with Danish elections) Political parties and leaders: Peoples, Hakun Djurhuus; Republican, Erlendur Patursson; Home Rule, Samuel Petersen; Progressive, Kjartan Mohr; Social Democratic, Atli Dam; Union, Kristian Djurhuus Voting strength (1975 election): Social Democratic 25.8%, Republican 22.5%, Peoples 20.5%, Union 19.1%, Home Rule 7.2%, Progressive 2.5% Communists: insignificant number Member of: Nordic Council ECONOMY GDP: $146.4 million (1973), about $3,650 per capita Agriculture: sheep and cattle grazing Fishing: catch 168,521 metric tons (1975); exports, $65.0 million (1975) Major industry: fishing Electric power: 28,500 kW capacity (1976); 88 million kWh produced (1976), 2,146 kWh per capita Exports: $80.8 million (f.o.b., 1975); fish and fish products Imports: $113.3 million (c.i.f., 1975); machinery and transport equipment, petroleum and petroleum products, food products Major trade partners: 46.6% Denmark, 12.3% Norway, 8.0% U.K., 6.2% U.S. (1975) Budget: (FY73) expenditures $21.4 million, revenues $22.7 million Monetary conversion rate: 6.054 Danish Kroner=US$1 (1976) Fiscal year: 1 April-31 March COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: none Ports: 1 minor Airfields: 1 with permanent-surface runway, less than 1,220 m Civil air: no major transport aircraft Telecommunications: good international communica- tions; fair domestic facilities; 15,000 telphones, 12,000 radio receivers; 1 AM, and 3 FM stations; 3 coaxial submarine cables DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49 included with Denmark FIJI PAPU GU EA w ^s Pacific Ocean LAND 18,272 km2; landownership-83.6% Fijians, 1.7% Indians, 6.4% government, 7.2% European, 1.1% other; about 30% of land area is suitable for farming WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm Coastline: 1,129 km PEOPLE Population: 595,000 (July 1977), average annual growth rate 1.9% (7-72 to 7-75) Nationality: noun-Fijian(s); adjective-Fijian Ethnic divisions: 42% Fijian, 50% Indian, 8% European, Chinese and others Religion: Fijians mainly Christian, Indians are Hindu with a Muslim minority Language: English and Fijian (official), Hindustani spoken among Indians Literacy: over 80% Labor force: 95,000; over 50% in agriculture, no breakdown on remainder Organized labor: about 50% of labor force organized into 22 unions; unions organized along lines of work, breakdown by ethnic origin causes further fragmentation GOVERNMENT Legal name: Dominion of Fiji Type: independent state within Commonwealth; Eliza- beth II recognized as head of state 62 Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 Capital: Suva Political subdivisions: 14 provinces Legal system: based on British Branches: executive-Prime Minister; legislative- 52-member House of Representatives; Alliance Party 24 seats, National Federation Party 26 seats; Fiji Nationalist Party 1 seat; 1 independent Government leader: Prime Mara Suffrage: universal adult Elections: every 5 years unless House dissolves earlier, last held March-April 1977 Political parties: Alliance, primarily Fijian, headed by Ratu Mara; National Federation, primarily Indian, headed by S. M. Koya Communists: few, no figures available Member of: ADB, Colombo Plan, Commonwealth, FAO, GATT (de facto), IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IMF, ISO, ITU, U.N., UPU, WHO ECONOMY GNP: $644 million (1975), $1,130 per capita; 5.8% real growth rate (1971-75) Agriculture: main crops-sugar, coconut products, ba- nanas, rice; major deficiency, grains Major industries: sugar processing, tourism Electric power: 90,000 kW capacity (1976); 270 million kWh produced (1976), 465 kWh per capita Exports: $183 million (f.o.b., 1975, including reexports); 70% sugar, 11% coconut oil, 9% gold Imports: $267 million (f.o.b., 1975); 20% manufactured goods, 19% food, 16% machinery (1974) Major trade partners: exports-38% U.K., 31% U.S., 11% Australia; imports-30% Australia, 18% Japan, 11% New Zealand, 4% U.S. (1974) Aid: disbursed 1968-Australia $1.5 million, U.S. $0.6 million, U.K. $4.2 million Budget: (FY75 est.) revenues $102 million, expenditures $102 million Monetary conversion rate: Fijian dollar=US$1.0706 (February 1977) Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: 2,828 km (1974); 278 km paved, 2,549 km gravel or crushed stone Inland waterways: 203 km; 122 km navigable by motorized craft and 200-metric ton barges Ports: 1 major, 6 minor Civil air: 5 major transport aircraft Airfields: 15 total, 15 usable; 2 with permanent-surface runways, 1 with runway 2,440-3,659 m, 1 with runway 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: modern local, interisland, and international (wire/radio integrated) public and special-pur- pose telephone, telegraph, and teleprinter facilities; regional radio center; important COMPAC cable link between U.S./Canada and New Zealand/Australia, et al.; 29,000 telephones; 300,000 radio receivers; 5 AM, 2 FM, and no TV stations; 1 ground satellite station DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 153,000; 84,000 fit for military service,; 6,000 reach military age (18) annually Military budget: the defense of the Fiji Islands was the responsibility of the U.K. until 10 October 1970; military budget for 1971, $314,000 LAND 336,700 km'; 8% arable, 58% forested, 34% other Land boundaries: 2,534 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 4 nm; Aaland Islands, 3 nm Coastline: 1,126 km (approx.) excludes islands and coastal indentations PEOPLE Population: 4,746,000 (July 1977), average annual growth rate 0.4% (7-75 to 7-76) Nationality: noun-Finn(s); adjective-Finnish Ethnic divisions: homogeneous white population, small Lappish minority Religion: 93% Evangelical Lutheran, 1% Greek Orthodox, 1% other, 5% no affiliation Language: Finnish 92%, Swedish 7%; small Lapp- and Russian-speaking minorities Literacy: 99% Labor force: 2.2 million; 16.6% agriculture, forestry, and fishing, 26.4% mining and manufacturing, 8.4% construe- Balti Sao 63 Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 tion, 15.4% commerce, 6.8% transportation and communica- tions, 4.0% banking and finance, 20.1% services; 3.3% unemployed Organized labor: 60% of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Finland Type: republic Capital: Helsinki Political subdivisions: 12 provinces; 443 communes, 78 towns Legal system: civil law system based on Swedish law; constitution adopted 1919; Supreme Court may request legislation interpreting or modifying laws; legal education at Universities of Helsinki and Turku; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations Branches: legislative authority rests jointly with President and parliament (Eduskunta); executive power vested in President and exercised through cabinet responsible to parliament; Supreme Court, 4 superior courts, 193 lower courts Government leader: President Urho K. Kekkonen; Prime Minister Martti Miettunen Suffrage: universal, over age 20; not compulsory Elections: parliamentary, every 4 years (next in 1979); presidential, every 6 years (extraordinary parliamentary legislation extended President Kekkonens term, which normally expires in 1974, to 1978) Political parties and leaders: Social Democratic, Rafael Paasio; Center, Johannes Virolainen; Peoples Democratic League (Communist front), Ele Alenius; Conservative, Harri Holker; Liberal, Pekka Tarjanne; Swedish Peoples Party, Kristan Gestrin; Rural, Veikko Vennamo; Finnish People's Unity Party, Eino Haikala; Communist, Aarne Saarinen Voting strength (1975 election): 25% Social Democratic, 18.4% Conservative, 19.0% Peoples Democratic League, 17.7% Center, 3.6% Rural, 4.7% Swedish Peoples, 4.4% Liberals, 3.3% Christian Peoples Communists: 43,000; an additional 65,000 persons belong to Peoples Democratic League; a further number of sympathizers, as indicated by 438,757 votes cast for Peoples Democratic League in 1975 elections Member of: ADB, CEMA (special cooperation agree- ment), DAC,EC (free trade agreement), EFTA (associate), FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, IDA, IFC, IHO, ILO, International Lead and Zinc Study Group, IMCO, IMF, IPU, ITU, IWC-International Wheat Council, Nordic Council, OECD, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO, WSG ECONOMY GNP: $28 billion (1976), $6,006 per capita; 51.6% consumption, 26.0% investment, 19.9% government; -2% net exports of goods and services; 1976 growth rate 0.3%, constant prices Agriculture: animal husbandry, especially dairying, pre- dominates; forestry important secondary occupation for rural population; main crops-cereals, sugar beets, potatoes; 85% self-sufficient; shortages-food and fodder grains; caloric intake 2,940 calories per day per capita (1970-71) Major industries: include metal manufacturing and shipbuilding, forestry and wood processing (pulp, paper), copper refining Shortages: fossil fuels; industrial raw materials, except wood, and iron ore Crude steel: 1.6 million metric tons produced (1975), 340 kg per capita Electric power: 7,660,000 kW capacity (1976); 33.9 billion kWh produced (1976), 7,178 kWh per capita Exports: $7.6 billion (f.o.b., 1975); timber, paper and pulp, ships, machinery, iron and steel, clothing and footwear Imports: $8.2 billion (c.i.f., 1975); foodstuffs, petroleum and petroleum products, chemicals, transport equipment, iron and steel, machinery, textile yarn and fabrics Major trade partners: (1975) 35% EC-nine (15% West Germany, 8% U.K.); 19% U.S.S.R., 16% Sweden; 5% U.S. Aid: U.S. $203 million authorized FY46-75; IBRD-$316 million authorized through FY46-75, $20 million in 1975; Finnish foreign aid programs have amounted to $23 million 1961-69, $15,000 in 1970 Budget: (1975) expenditures $6.2 billion, revenues $6.6 billion Monetary conversion rate: new markka (Fmk) 3.86=US$1 (1975 trade conversion factor, IMF) Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 5,946 km; Finnish State Railways (VR) operate a total 5,918 km 1.524-meter gage, 477 km multiple track, and 395 km electrified; 22 km 0.750-meter gage and 6 km 1.524-meter gage are privately owned Highways: about 72,800 km in national classified net work, including 29,600 km paved (bituminous, concrete, bituminous surface treated) and 43,200 km unpaved (stabilized gravel, gravel, earth); additional 29,440 km of private (state subsidized) roads Inland waterways: 6,597 km total (including Saimaa Canal); 3,700 km suitable for steamers; Saimaa Canal locks (84 m by 13.2 m with a 5.2 m depth over sill) can accommodate vessels of up to 82 m in length, 11.8 m beam, 4.4 m draft, and 24.5 m mast height Pipelines: natural gas, 161 km Ports: 11 major, 14 minor Civil air: 36 major transport aircraft (2 leased) Airfields: 106 total, 105 usable; 37 with permanent- surface runways; 17 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 24 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: good telecom service from cable and radio-relay network; 1.87 million telephones; 2.2 million radio and 1.67 million TV receivers; 15 AM, 40 FM, and 76 TV stations; 4 submarine cables, including 1 coaxial 64 Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 July 1977 FINLAND/FRANCE DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 1,217,000; 974,000 fit for military service; 39,000 reach military age (17) annually FRANCE LAND 551,670 km2; 35% cultivated, 26% 14% waste, urban, or other, 25% Land boundaries: 2,888 km WATER meadows forested Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm (fishing 200 nm) Coastline: 3,427 km PEOPLE (includes Corsica, 644 km) Population: 53,291,000 (July growth rate 0.6% (current) Nationality: noun-Frenchman French Ethnic divisions: 45% Celtic; remainder Latin, Germanic, Slav, Basque Religion: 83% Catholic, 2% Protestant, 1% Jewish, 1% Muslim (North African workers), 13% unaffiliated Language: French (100% of population); rapidly declin- ing regional patois-Provencal, Breton, Germanic, Corsican, Catalan, Basque, Flemish Literacy: 97% Labor force: 22 million (est. in mid-1976); 47% services, 38% industry, 11% agriculture, 4% unemployed Organized labor: approximately 17% of labor force, 23% of salaried labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: French Republic Type: republic, with president having wide powers Capital: Paris Political subdivisions: 95 metropolitan departments, 21 regional economic districts Legal system: civil law system with indigenous concepts; new constitution adopted 1958, amended concerning elec- tion of President in 1962; judicial review of administrative but not legislative acts; legal education at over 25 schools of law Branches: presidentially appointed Prime Minister heads Council of Ministers, which is formally responsible to National Assembly; bicameral legislature-National Assem- bly (490 members), Senate (283 members) restricted to a delaying action; judiciary independent in principle Government leader: President Valery Giscard d'Estaing Suffrage: universal over age 18; not compulsory Elections: National Assembly-every 5 years, last election March 1973, direct universal suffrage, 2 ballots; Senate- indirect collegiate system for 9 years, renewable by one-third every 3 years, last election September 1974; President-years, direct, universal suffrage every 7 years, 2 ballots, last election May 1974 Political parties and leaders: Majority Coalition-Rally for the Republic (RPR, formerly UDR), Jacques Chirac; Independent Republicans (IR), Michel Poniatowski; Center- for Social Democract (CDS), Jean Lecanuet; Radical Socialist (RS), Gabriel Peronnet; Left Opposition-Socialist Party (PS), Francois Mitterrand; Communist Party (PCF), Georges Marchais; Left Radical Movement (MRG), Robert Fabre; Unified Socialist Party (PSU), Michel Mousel Voting strength (first ballot, 1974 election): 43.2% Communist/Socialist Alliance, 32.6% IR, 15.1% UDR, 9.1% other Communists: 500,000 claimed; Communist voters, 5 million average Other political or pressure groups: Communist-con- trolled labor union (Confederation Generale du Travail) nearly 2.4 million members (claimed); Socialist leaning labor union (Confederation Francais du Travail) about 800,000 members est; National Council of French Employers (Conseil National du Patronat Francais-CNPF or Patronat) Member of: ADB, Council of Europe, DAC, EC, ECSC, EEC, EIB, ELDO, EMA, ESRO, EURATOM, FAO, GATT, IAEA, IATP, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, IDA, IFC, IHO, ILO, International Lead and Zinc Study Group, IMCO, IMF, IOOC, IPU, ISO, ITC, ITU, IWC-International Whaling Commission, NATO (signatory), OAS (observer), OECD, South Pacific Commission, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WEU, WHO, WMO, WSG ECONOMY GNP: $353 billion (1976 est.), $6,650 per capita; 63.9% private consumption, 22.9% investment (including govern- ment), 13.2% government consumption; 1976 real growth rate, 6.0%; average annual growth rate, 5.2% (1965-75) Agriculture: Western Europe's foremost producer; main products-beef, cereals, sugar beets, potatoes, wine grapes; self-sufficient for most temperate zone foodstuffs; food shortages-fats and oils, tropical produce; caloric intake, 3,270 calories per day per capita (1969-70) 65 Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 FRANCE/FRENCH GUIANA Fishing: catch 808,000 metric tons (1974); exports $84 million, imports $342 million (1975) Major industries: steel, machinery and equipment, textiles and clothing, chemicals, food processing, metallurgy, aircraft, motor vehicles Shortages: crude oil, textile fibers, most nonferrous ores, coking coal, fats and oils Crude steel: 23.3 million metric tons produced (1976), 440 kg per capita Electric power: 52,200,000 kW capacity (1976); 206 billion kWh produced (1976), 3,903 kWh per capita Exports: $55.6 billion (f.o.b., 1976); principal items- machinery and transportation equipment, foodstuffs, agri- cultural products, iron and steel products, textiles and clothing, chemicals Imports: $64.3 billion (c.i.f., 1976); principal items- crude petroleum, machinery and equipment, chemicals, iron and steel products, foodstuffs, agricultural products Major trade partners: 18% West Germany; 10% Belgium- Luxembourg; 9% Italy; 6% U.S.; 6% Netherlands; 6% U.K.; 4% Eastern Europe; 2% U.S.S.R.; 4% Franc Zone (1975) Aid: economic (received)-U.S., $5,363 million author- ized (FY46-75), $44 million in FY73; military-U.S., $4,549 million authorized (FY46-75); net official economic aid to less developed areas and multilateral agencies-$8,400 million (FY60-70), $1,125 million in 1971, $457 million in 1974 Budget: (1976) expenditures 346 billion francs, revenues 329 billion francs, deficit 17 billion francs Monetary conversion rate: 1 franc=US$0.2092 (1976 average) Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 36,720 km; 35,552 km standard gage (1.435 m), 1,168 km other gages (1.00 m to 1.435 m); 9,345 km electrified, 15,630 km double or multiple track Highways: National, Departmental, and Communal roads total 795,520 km comprising 468,160 km paved, 304,000 km crushed stone and gravel, and 23,360 km improved earth; in addition, there are approximately 694,400 km of local farm and forest roads Inland waterways: 14,912 km; 5,604 km heavily traveled Pipelines: crude oil, 2,253 km; refined products, 4,344 km; natural gas, 22,047 km Ports: 23 major, 165 minor Civil air: 320 major transport aircraft (including 15 foreign based but French registered) Airfields: 454 total, 437 usable; 217 with permanent- surface runways; 2 with runways over 3,660 m, 26 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 125 with runways 1,220-2,439 m; 2 seaplane stations Telecommunications: highly developed system provides satisfactory telephone, telegraph, and radio and TV broad- cast services; 14.1 million telephones; 18.5 million radio- broadcast receivers; 15 million TV receivers; 42 AM, 94 FM, and 1,473 TV stations; 22 submarine cables (21 coaxial); 1 communication satellite ground station with 3 Atlantic Ocean and 2 Indian Ocean DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 12,888,000; fit for military service 10,398,000; 425,000 reach military age (18) annually Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1977, $11.7 billion; about 17% of central government budget FRENCH GUIANA 90,909 km'; 90% forested, 10% wasteland, built-on, inland water and other, of which .05% is cultivated and pasture Land boundaries: 1,183 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm Coastline: 378 km PEOPLE Population: 60,000 (July 1977), annual growth rate 3.1% (10-67 to 10-74) Nationality: noun-French Guianese (sing., pl.); adjec- tive-French Guiana Ethnic divisions: 95% Negro or mulatto, 5% caucasian, 10,000 East Indian, Chinese Religion: predominantly Roman Catholic Language: French Literacy: 73% Labor force: 17,012 (1967 census); services 49%, construc- tion 21%, agriculture 18%, industry 8%, transportation 4%; information on unemployment unavailable Organized labor: 7% of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Overseas Department of French Guiana 66 Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 July 1977 FRENCH GUIANA/FRENCH POLYNESIA Type: overseas department and region of France; represented by one deputy in French National Assembly and one senator in French Senate Capital: Cayenne Political subdivisions: 2 arrondissements, 19 communes each with a locally elected municipal council Legal system: French legal system; highest court is Court of Appeal based in Martinique with jurisdiction over Martinique, Guadeloupe, and French Guiana Branches: executive: prefect appointed by Paris; legisla- tive: popularly elected 16-member General Council and a Regional Council composed of members of the local General Council and of the locally elected deputy and senator to the French parliament; judicial, under jurisdiction of French judicial system Government leader: Prefect Herve Bourseiller Suffrage: universal over age 18 Elections: General Council elections normally are held every 5 years; last election March 1976; local elections last held March 1977 Political parties and leaders: Parti Socialiste Guyanais (PSG), Leopold Heder, Senator; Union du Peuple Guyanaise (UPG), weak leftist allied with, but also reported, to have been absorbed by the PSG; Rassemblement Pour La Republique (RPR), Hector Rivierez, delegate to French National Assembly Communists: Communist party membership negligible ECONOMY GNP: $40 million (at market prices, 1970), $800 per capita Agriculture: main crops-rice, corn, manioc, cocoa, bananas, sugarcane Fishing: catch 972 metric tons (1974); exports $3.7 million; imports $2.2 million (1971) Major industries: timber, rum, gold mining, production of rosewood essence, and space center Electric power: 29,000 kW capacity (1976); 60 million kWh produced (1976), 1,100 kWh per capita Exports: $5 million (f.o.b., 1973); shrimp, timber, rum, rosewood essence Imports: $56 million (c.i.f., 1973); food (grains, processed meat), other consumer goods, producer goods and petroleum Major trade partners: exports-78% U.S., 11% France, 5% Martinique; imports-49% France, 10% U.S., 3% Trinidad and Tobago (1969) Monetary conversion rate: 4.44 French francs=US$1 Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 32 km private plantation line, 0.600-meter gage Highways: 500 km; 390 km paved, 110 km improved and unimproved earth Inland waterways: 460 km, navigable by small ocean- going vessels and river and coastal steamers; 3,300 km possibly navigable by native craft Ports: 1 major (Cayenne), 7 minor Civil air: no major transport aircraft Airfields: 13 total, 10 usable; 2 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runway 2,440-3,659 m Telecommunications: limited open-wire telecom system with about 8,400 telephones; 7,100 radio receivers and 3,100 TV receivers, 9 AM, 2 FM, and 2 TV stations; 1 Atlantic Ocean satellite station DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 13,000; 9,000 fit for military service FRENCH POLYNESIA ~"~MEXSC,~ CHRISTMAS IS. FRENCH POLYNESIA LAND About 4,000 km' WATER Limits of territorial waters: 12 nm Coastline: about 2,525 km PEOPLE Population: 140,000 (July 1977), annual growth rate 2.6% (2-71 to 1-76) Nationality: noun-French Polynesian(s); adjective- French Polynesian Ethnic divisions: 78% Polynesian, 12% Chinese, 6% local French, 4% metropolitan French Religion: mainly Christian; 55% Protestant, 32% Catholic GOVERNMENT Legal name: Territory of French Polynesia Type: overseas territory of France, administered by French Ministry for Overseas Territories Capital: Papeete Political subdivisions: 5 districts Legal system: based on French; lower and higher courts Branches: 30-member Territorial Assembly, popularly elected; 5 member Council of Government, elected by Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 FRENCH POLYNESIA/GABON Assembly; popular election of one deputy to National Assembly in Paris, also one Senator Government leader: Charles Schmitt, Governor, ap- pointed by French government Suffrage: universal adult Elections: every 5 years Political parties and leaders: Pupu Here Ai'a, Senator Pouvanna a Oopa, John Teariki; Te E'a Api, Francis Sanford; Union Tahitienne-Union pour la Defense de la Republique, Te Autahoera'a ECONOMY GDP: $259 million (1970) $1,960 per capita (1971) Agriculture: coconut main crop Major industries: maintenance of French nuclear test base, tourism Electric power: 36,000 kW capacity (1976); 105 million kWh produced (1976), 883 kWh per capita Exports: $19 million (1973); principal products-coconut products (79%), mother-of-pearl (14%) (1971) Imports: $211 million (1973) Major trade partners: imports-59% France, 14% U.S.; exports-86% France Aid: France $16 million (1973) Monetary conversion rate: 100 CFP=INZ$ (1971) COMMUNICATIONS Highways: 3,700 km, all types Ports: 1 major, 6 minor Airfields: 23 total, 23 usable; 9 with permanent-surface runways, 2 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 12 with runways 1,220-2,439 m; 2 seaplane stations Civil air: no major transport Telecommunications: 12,400 telephones; 72,000 radio and 14,000 TV sets; 5 AM, 2 FM, and 6 TV stations DEFENSE FORCES Defense is responsibility of France. GABON LAND 264,180 km2; 75% forested, 15% savanna, 9% urban and wasteland, less than 1% cultivated Land boundaries: 2,422 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 100 nm; fishing, 150 nm Coastline: 885 km PEOPLE Population: 561,000 (July 1977), average annual growth rate 1.7% (7-66 to 7-70) Nationality: noun-Gabonese (sing., pl.); adjective- Gabonese Ethnic divisions: about 40 Bantu tribes, including 4 major tribal groupings (Fang, Eshira, Mbede, Okande); about 100,000 expatriate Africans and Europeans, including 30,000 French Religion: 55% to 75% Christian, less than 1% Muslim, remainder animist Language: French official language and medium of instruction in schools; Fang is a major vernacular language Literacy: about 12% Labor force: about 280,000 of whom 74,000 are wage earners in the modern sector Organized labor: less than 30% of wage labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Gabonese Republic Type: republic; one-party presidential regime since 1964 Capital: Libreville Political subdivisions: 9 provinces subdivided into 36 prefectures Legal system: based on French civil law system and customary law; constitution adopted 1961; judicial review of legislative acts in Constitutional Chamber of the Supreme Court; legal education at Center of Higher and Legal Studies at Libreville; compulsory ICJ jurisdiction not accepted Branches: power centralized in President, elected by universal suffrage for 7-year term; unicameral 70-member National Assembly has limited powers; judiciary Government leader: President Omar Bongo Suffrage: universal over age 21 Elections: Presidential and parliamentary elections last held February 1973 Political parties and leaders: Gabonese Democratic Party (PDG) led by President Bongo is only legal party Communists: no organized party; probably some Com- munist sympathizers Member of: AFDB, Conference of East and Central African States, EAMA, EIB (associate), FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, ILO, IMF, IPU, ITU, OAU, OPEC, UDEAC, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO 68 Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 ECONOMY GDP: $1,605 million (1975), $3,000 per capita; 36% growth (1973-75) Agriculture: commercial-cocoa, coffee, wood, palm oil, rice; main food crops-bananas, manioc, peanuts, root crops; imports food Fishing: catch 4,000 metric tons (1974) Major industries: petroleum production, sawmills, petro- leum refinery, natural gas, agricultural processing; mining of increasing importance; major minerals-manganese, uran- ium, gold, and iron Electric power: 94,000 kW capacity (1976); 225 million kWh produced (1976), 408 kWh per capita Exports: $985 million (f.o.b., 1975); crude petroleum, wood and wood products, minerals (manganese, uranium concentrates, gold) Imports: $600 million (f.o.b., 1975); excluding UDEAC trade; mining, roadbuilding machinery, electrical equip- ment, transport vehicles, foodstuffs, textiles Major trade partners: France, U.S., West Germany, and Curacao; preferential tariffs to EC and franc zone Budget: 1975 est.-receipts $630 million, current expend- itures $184 million, investment expenditures $446 million Monetary conversion rate: 249.35 Communaute Finan- ciere Africaine francs=US$1 as of February 1977 Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: 6,797 km; 308 km paved, 5,589 km gravel and/or improved earth, remainder unimproved earth Inland waterways: approximately 1,600 km perennially navigable Pipelines: crude oil, 129 km Ports: 3 major (Libreville, Port-Gentil, Owendo), 2 minor Civil air: 30 major transport aircraft Airfields: 163 total, 105 usable; 5 with permanent-surface runways; 2 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 20 with runways 1,220-2,439 m; 1 seaplane station Telecommunications: system of open-wire, radio-relay, tropospheric scatter links and radiocommunication stations; 1 Atlantic Ocean satellite station; 5 AM, no FM, and 3 TV stations; 7,000 telephones; 92,000 radio receivers; 8,000 TV receivers DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 135,000; 69,000 fit for military service; 6,000 reach military age (20) annually Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1976, $20,252,310; 3% of central government budget LAND 10,360 km'; 25% uncultivated savanna, 16% swamps, 4% forest parks, 55% upland cultivable areas, built-up areas, etc. SENEGAL THE Boni ul GA'JOBIA GUINE L4 - Atlantic Ocean WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 50 nm Coastline: 80 km PEOPLE Population: 551,000 (July 1977), average annual growth rate 2.5% (7-68 to 7-75) Nationality: noun-Gambian(s); adjective-Gambian Ethnic divisions: over 99% Africans (Malinke 40.8%, Fulani 13.5%, Wolof 12.9%, remainder made up of several smaller groups), fewer than 1% Europeans and Lebanese Religion: 859; Muslim, 15% animist and Christian Language: English official; Malinke and Wolof most widely used vernaculars Literacy: about 10% Labor force: approx. 165,000, mostly engaged in subsis- tence farming; about 15,000 are wage earners (government, trade, services) Organized labor: 25% to 30% of wage labor force at most GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of The Gambia Type: republic; independent since February Capital: Banjul Political subdivisions: Banjul and Legal systems: based on English 5 divisions common law and customary law; constitution came into force upon independ- ence in 1965, new republican constitution adopted in April 1970; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations Branches: cabinet of 11 members; 41-member House of Representatives, in which 4 seats are reserved for chiefs, 4 are appointed, 32 are filled by election for 5-year terms, a Speaker is elected by the House, and the Attorney General is an ex officio member; independent judiciary Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 Government leader: Dawda K. Jawara, President Political parties and leaders: People's Progressive Party (PPP), Secretary General Dawda K. Jawara, United Party (UP), John Forster, and National Convention Party, Sherrif Dibba Suffrage: universal adult Elections: general elections held April 1977; PPP 27 seats, NCP 5 seats, UP 2 seats Communists: insignificant number Member of: AFBD, APC, Commonwealth, ECA, ECOWAS, FAO, GATT, IBRD, IDA, IMF, OAU, U.N., WHO ECONOMY GNP: $104 million (FY75 est.), about $200 per capita Agriculture: main crops-peanuts, rice, palm kernels Fishing: catch 6,000 metric tons (1974); exports $956,000 (1974) Major industry: peanut processing Electric power: 10,000 kW capacity (1976); 16 million kWh produced (1976), 30 kWh per capita Exports: $43 million (FY75); peanuts and peanut products 90% to 95%, palm kernels Imports: $51 million (FY75); textiles, foodstuffs, tobacco, machinery, petroleum products Major trade partners: exports-U.K. and France; im- ports-U.K. and Japan Aid: economic-U.K. (1968-71), about $8 million commit- ment; U.S. (FY56-75), $9.0 million; other international organizations (FY62-75), $10.8 million Budget: (FY75 est.) current expenditures $13 million, receipts $17 million; development expenditures $6.7 million, development receipts $7.2 million Monetary conversion rate: 1 Dalasi=US$0.43 (February 1977) Fiscal year: 1 July-30 June COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: 1,858 km; 190 km bituminous-surface treated, 1,330 km gravel/laterite, remainder unimproved earth Inland waterways: 605 km Ports: 1 major (Banjul) Civil air: no major transport aircraft Airfields: 1 usable with permanent-surface runway 1,220-2,439 m; 1 seaplane station (non-operational) Telecommunications: adequate network of radio-relay; 2,500 telephones; 60,500 radio receivers; 1 AM station, 1 FM station, and no TV station; 1 submarine cable DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 127,000; 63,000 fit for military service LAND 108,262 kmZ; 43% arable, 15% meadows and pasture, 27% forested, 15% other Land boundaries: 2,309 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 nm Coastline: 901 km (including islands) PEOPLE Population: 16,816,000, including East Berlin (July 1977), average annual growth rate -0.2% (current) Nationality: noun-German(s); adjective-German Ethnic divisions: 99.7% German, .3% Slavic and other Religion: 53% Protestant, 8% Roman Catholic, 39% unaffiliated or other; less than 5% of Protestants and about 25% of Roman Catholics actively participate Language: German, small Sorb (West Slavic) minority Literacy: 99% Labor force: 8.2 million; 34.1% industry; 4.7% handi- crafts; 6.8% construction; 11.9% agriculture; 6.8% transport and communications; 10.1% commerce; 16.8% services; 2.5% other Organized labor: 87.7% of total labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: German Democratic Republic Type: Communist state Capital: East Berlin (not officially recognized by U.S., U.K., and France, which together with the U.S.S.R. have special rights and responsibilities in Berlin) Political subdivisions: (excluding East Berlin) 14 districts (Bezirke), 218 counties (Kreise), 7,643 communities (Gemeinden) Legal system: civil law system modified by Communist legal theory; new constitution adopted 1974; court system parallels administrative divisions; no judicial review of 70 Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 July 1977 legislative acts; legal education at Universities of Berlin, Leipzig, Halle and Jena; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction; more stringent penal code adopted 1968, amended in 1974 Branches: legislative-Volkskammer (elected directly); executive-Chairman of Council of State, Chairman of Council of Ministers, Cabinet (approved by Volkskammer); judiciary-Supreme Court; entire structure dominated by Socialist Unity (Communist) Party Government leaders: Chairman, Council of State, Erich Honecker (Head of State); Chairman, Council of Ministers, Willi Stoph (Head of Government) Suffrage: all citizens age 18 and over Elections: national every 5 years; prepared by an electoral commission of the National Front; ballot supposed to be secret and voters permitted to strike names off ballot; more candidates than offices available; parliamentary elections held 17 October 1976 Political parties and leaders: Socialist Unity (Commu- nist) Party (SED), headed by General Secretary Erich Honecker, dominates the regime; 4 token parties (Christian Democratic Union, National Democratic Party, Liberal Democratic Party, and Democratic Peasant's Party) and an amalgam of special interest organizations participate with the SED in National Front Voting strength: 1976 parliamentary elections: 99.86% voted the regime slate; 1970 local elections: 99.85% voted the regime slate Communists: 1.9 million party members Other special interest groups: Free German Youth, Free German Trade Union Federation, Democratic Women's Federation of Germany, German Cultural Federation (all Communist dominated) Member of: CEMA, IPU, ITU, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, Warsaw Pact, WHO ECONOMY GNP: $63.0 billion in 1976 (1975 prices), $3,750 per capita; 1976 growth rate 2.4% Agriculture: food deficit area; main crops-potatoes, rye, wheat, barley, oats, industrial crops; shortages in grain, vegetables, vegetable oil, beef; caloric intake, 3,000 calories per day per capita (71) Fish catch: 327,000 metric tons (1975) Major industries: metal fabrication, chemicals, light industry, brown coal, and shipbuilding Shortages: coking coal, coke, crude oil, rolled steel products, nonferrous metals Crude steel: 6.5 million metric tons produced (1975), approx. 380 kg per capita Electric power: 17,400,000 kW capacity (1976); 89.1 billion kWh produced (1976), 5,290 kWh per capita Exports: $10,435 million (f.o.b. delivering country, 1975) Imports: $11,665 million (f.o.b. delivering country, 1975) Major trade partners: $22,100 million (1975); 67% Communist countries, 33% non-Communist countries Monetary conversion rate: 3.48 DME=US$1 for trade data (1976 rate) Fiscal year: same as calendar year; economic data reported for calendar years except for caloric intake, which is reported for the consumption year 1 July-30 June COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 14,298 km; 13,963 km standard gage (1.435 m), 335 km meter (1.00 m) or other narrow gage, 2,850 km double track standard gage (1.435 m); 1,454 km overhead electrified (1975) Highways: 47,573 km classified highways; 12,978 km state highways including 1,561 km autobahn; 34,595 km district roads; additionally about 80,000 km communal roads (1975) Inland waterways: 2,546 km (1977) Freight carried: rail-289.0 million metric tons, 49.7 billion metric ton/km (1975); highway-588.2 million metric tons, 16.7 billion metric ton/km (1975); waterway- 14.6 million metric tons, 2.4 billion metric ton/km (excl. int'l. transit traffic) (1976) Pipelines: crude oil, 805 km; refined products, 241 km; natural gas 483 km Ports: 4 major (Rostock, Wismar, Stralsund, Sassnitz), 13 minor (1977) DEFENSE FORCES Military budget (announced): for fiscal year ending 31 December 1976, est. 12.3 billion marks; about 11% of total budget GERMANY, FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF LAND 248,640 km2 (including West Berlin); 33% cultivated, 23% meadows and pastures, 13% waste or urban, 29% forested, 2% inland water Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 GERMANY, FEDERAL REP. OF WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 nm (fishing 200 nm) Coastline: 1,488 km (approx.) PEOPLE Population: 61,594,000, including West Berlin (July 1977), average annual growth rate 0.1% (current) Nationality: noun-German(s); adjective-German Ethnic divisions: 99% Germanic, 1% other Religion: 46.9% Protestant, 45.4% Roman Catholic, 7.7% other (as of 1970) Language: German Literacy: 99% Labor force: 26.7 million; 44.1% in manufacturing and construction, 15.2% services, 12.8% commerce, 8.2% govern- ment, 7.2% agriculture, 5.4% communication and transpor- tation, 1% mining; 4.7% average unemployed as of 1975, excluding self employed Organized labor: 31% of total labor force; 37.5% of wage and salary earners GOVERNMENT Legal name: Federal Republic of Germany Type: federal republic Capital: Bonn Political subdivisions: 10 Laender (states); Western sectors of Berlin are ultimately controlled by U.S., U.K., and France which, together with the U.S.S.R., have special rights and responsibilities in Berlin Legal- system: civil law system with indigenous concepts; constitution adopted 1949; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Federal Constitutional Court; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: bicameral parliament-Bundesrat (upper house), Bundestag (lower house); President (titular head), Chancellor (executive head); independent judiciary Government leaders: President, Walter Scheel; Chancel- lor, Helmut Schmidt leads coalition of Social Democrats and Free Democrats Suffrage: universal over age 18 Elections: next national election scheduled for fall of 1980 Political parties and leaders: Christian Democratic Union/Christian Social Union (CDU/CSU), Helmut Kohl, Franz-Josef Strauss, Karl Carstens, Kurt Biedenkopf; Social Democratic Party (SPD), Willy Brandt, Hans Koschnick, Helmut Schmidt; Free Democratic Party (FDP), Hans-Die- trich Genscher, Hans Friderichs, Wolfgang Mischnick; National Democratic Party (NPD), Martin Mussgnug; Communist Party (DKP), Herbert Mies Voting strength (1976 election): 42.6% SPD, 48.6% CDU/CSU, 7.9% FDP, 0.9% Splinter groups of left and right (no parliamentary representation) Communists: about 40,000 members and supporters Other political or pressure groups: expellee, refugee, and veterans groups Member of: ADB, Council of Europe, DAC, EC, ECSC, EIB, ELDO, EMA, ESRO, EURATOM, FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, IDA, IEA, IFC, IHO, International Lead and Zinc Study Group, IMCO, IMF, IPU, ITC, ITU, NATO, OAS (observer), OECD, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WEU, WHO, WMO, WSG ECONOMY GNP: $473 billion (1976), $7,680 per capita (including West Berlin) (1976); 55% consumption, 21% investment, 21% government consumption (does not include total govern- ment spending); net foreign balance 2%; average annual growth rate 1966-76, 3.5% in constant 1962 prices Agriculture: main crops-grains, potatoes, sugar beets; 75% self-sufficient; food shortages-fats and oils, pulses, tropical products; caloric intake, 2,984 calories per day per capita (1973-74) Fishing: catch 415,000 metric tons, $167 million (1975); exports $117 million, imports $347 million (1975) Major industries: among world's largest producers of iron, steel, coal, cement, chemicals, machinery, ships, vehicles Shortages: fats and oils, sugar, cotton, wool, rubber, petroleum, iron ore, bauxite, nonferrous metals, sulfur Crude steel: 60.6 million metric tons capacity; 40.4 million metric tons produced (1975); 650 kg per capita Electric power: 75,770,000 kW capacity (1976); 353 billion kWh produced (1976), 5,708 kWh per capita Exports: $102 billion (f.o.b., 1976); manufactures 90.6% (machines and machine tools, chemicals, motor vehicles, iron and steel products), agricultural products 4.0%, fuels 2.7%, raw materials 2.6% Imports: $88 billion (c.i.f., 1976); manufactures 58.5%, fuels 17.7%, agricultural products 13.8%, raw materials 10.0% Major trade partners: EC 45.8% (France 13.1%, Nether- lands 9.7%, Belgium-Luxembourg 7.9%, Italy 7.4%); other Europe 21.3%; OPEC 8.2%; Communist economic 6.8%; U.S. 5.6% Aid: economic-U.S. $4,212 million authorized (FY46-75); $16 million authorized (FY73) military-U.S., $939 million authorized (FY46-73), none since FY64; net official aid flows to less developed countries and multilateral agencies (1962-74)-$9,394 million, $1,526 million (1974) Budget: (1975) expenditures $68.5 billion, revenues $57.4 billion, deficit $9.1 billion Monetary conversion rate: DM 2.51 (West German marks)=US$1 (1975 average) Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 33,453 km; 29,032 km government-owned, standard gage (1.435 m), 12,491 km double track; 9,760 km 72 Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 July 1977 GERMANY, FEDERAL REP. OF/GHANA sea, and up to 100 nm seaward may be proclaimed fishing conservation zone) Coastline: 539 km electrified; 4,421 km non-government owned; 3,997 km standard gage (1.435 m); 214 km electrified; 424 km meter gage (1.00 m); 186 km electrified Highways: 398,720 km; 161,400 km classified, includes 153,160 km cement-concrete, bituminous, or stone block (includes 5,792 km of autobahnen); 8,240 km gravel, crushed stone, improved earth; in addition, 237,320 km of unclassi- fied roads of various surface types Inland waterways: 4,990 km of which almost 70% usable by craft of 990 metric-ton capacity or larger Pipelines: crude oil, 1,931 km; refined products, 1,609 km; natural gas, 95,414 km Ports: 10 major, 11 minor Civil air: 168 major transport aircraft Airfields: 435 total, 381 usable; 208 with permanent- surface runways; 3 with runways over 3,660 m, 33 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 36 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: highly developed, modern tele- communication service to all parts of the country; fully adequate in all respects; 20.4 million telephones; 21.5 million radio and 19.5 million TV receivers; 90 AM, 129 FM, and 2,350 TV stations; 6 submarine cables; satellite station with 1 Indian Ocean and 2 Atlantic Ocean antennas DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 14,775,000; 12,378,000 fit for military service; 496,000 reach military age (18) annually GHANA LAND 238,280 km'; 19% agricultural, 60% forest and brush, 21% other Land boundaries: 2,285 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 30 nm (undefined protective areas may be proclaimed seaward of territorial PEOPLE Population: 10,422,000 (July 1977), average annual growth rate 2.8% (7-72 to 7-75) Nationality: noun-Ghanaian(s); adjective-Ghanaian Ethnic divisions: 99.8% Negroid African (major tribes Ashanti, Fante, Ewe), 0.2% European and other Religion: 45% animists, 43% Christian, 12% Muslim Language: English official; African languages include Akan 44%, Mole-Dagbani 16%, Ewe 13%, and Ga-Adangbe 8% Literacy: about 25% (in English) Labor force: 3.4 million; 61% agriculture and fishing, 16.8% industry, 15.2% sales and clerical, 4.1% services, transportation, and communications, 2.9% professional; 400,000 unemployed Organized labor: 350,000 or approximately 10% of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Ghana Type: republic; independent since March 1957; Military regime since January 1972 Capital: Accra Political subdivisions: 8 administrative regions and separate Greater Accra Area; regions subdivided into 58 districts and 267 local administrative districts Legal system: based on English common law and customary law; constitution suspended January 1972; legal education at University of Ghana (Legon); has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: executive and legislative authority vested in Supreme Military Council (SMC); independent judiciary Government leaders: Chief of State, Chairman of SMC General Ignatius Kutu Acheampong Suffrage: universal over 21 under previous constitution, now suspended Elections: no elections since 1969; none scheduled Political parties and leaders: parties banned by military junta which took power 13 January 1972 Communists: a small number of Communists and sympathizers Member of: AFDB, Commonwealth, ECA, ECOWAS, FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, ILO, IMCO, IMF, ISO, ITU, OAU, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WCL, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GNP: $3.7 billion (1974) at current prices, about $390 per capita; real growth rate 2% (1970-74) Agriculture: main crop-cocoa; other crops include root crops, corn, ;sorghum and millet, peanuts; not self-sufficient, but can become so Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 GHANA/GIBRALTAR Fishing: catch 223,500 metric tons (1974) Major industries: mining, lumbering, light manufactur- ing, fishing, aluminum Electric power: 976,000 kW capacity (1976); 3.6 billion kWh produced (1976), 354 kWh per capita Exports: $772 million (f.o.b., 1975); cocoa (about 65%), wood, gold, diamonds, manganese, bauxite, and aluminum (aluminum regularly excluded from balance of payments data) Imports: $651 million (f.o.b., 1975); textiles and other manufactured goods, food, fuels, transport equipment Major trade partners: U.K., EC, and U.S. Budget: FY77 (proposed)-revenue $943 million, current expenditure $960 million, capital expenditure $313 million Monetary conversion rate: 1 Cedi=US$0.87 Fiscal year: 1 July-30 June COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 953 km, all 1.067-meter gage; 32 km double track; diesel locomotives gradually replacing steam engines Highways: 32,180 km; 4,020 km concrete or bituminous surface, 12,870 km gravel or laterite, 8,850 km improved earth, remainder unimproved earth Inland waterways: Volta, Ankobra, and Tano rivers provide 235 km of perennial navigation for launches and lighters; additional routes navigable seasonally by small craft; Lake Volta reservoir provides 1,125 km of arterial and feeder waterways Pipelines: refined products, 3 km Ports: 2 major (Tema, Takoradi), 1 naval base (Sekondi), 4 minor Civil air: 6 major transport aircraft Airfields: 19 total, 18 usable; 4 with permanent-surface runways; 2 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 9 with runways 1,220-2,439 m; 1 seaplane station Telecommunications: good system of open-wire and cable, radio-relay links and radiocommunication stations; 60,000 telephones; 1,080,000 radio and 34,000 TV receivers; 6 AM, no FM, and 8 TV stations DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 2,375,000; 1,309,000 fit for military service; 108,000 reach military age (18) annually Military budget: for fiscal year ending 30 June 1977, $98.7 million; 9.1% of central government budget GIBRALTAR LAND 6.5 km2 Land boundaries: 1.6 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 Coastline: 12 km PEOPLE Population: 29,000 (official estimate for 1 July 1974) Nationality: noun-Gibraltarian; adjective-Gibraltar Ethnic divisions: mostly Italian, English, Maltese, Portu- guese and Spanish descent Religion: predominantly Roman Catholic Language: English and Spanish are primary languages; Italian, Portuguese, and Russian also spoken; English used in the schools and for all official purposes Literacy: illiteracy is negligible Labor force: approx. 14,800, including non-Gibraltarian laborers Organized labor: over 6,000 GOVERNMENT Legal name: Colony Type: U.K. colony Capital: none Legal system: English law; constitutional talks 1968; new system effected in 1969 after electoral enquiry Branches: parliamentary system comprised of the Gibral- tar House of the Assembly (15 elected members and 3 ex officio members), the Council of Ministers headed by the Chief Minister, and the Gibraltar Council; the Governor is appointed by the Crown Government leaders: Governor and Commander in Chief, Marshall of the RAF Sir John Grandy, Chief Minister, Sir Joshua Hassan Suffrage: all adult Gibraltarians, plus other U K subje t . . c s resident 6 months or more Elections: every 5 years; last held in September 1976 Political parties and leaders: Labor, Sir Joshua Hassan; Democratic Movement, Joe Boscano Voting strengths: (September 1976) Labor, 8 seats; Democratic Movement, 4 seats; independents, 3 seats Communists: negligible Other political or pressure groups: the Housewives nm Association; the Chamber of Commerce; Gibraltar Repre- sentatives Organization 74 Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 July 1977 Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 GIBRALTAR/GILBERT ISLANDS ECONOMY Economic activity in Gibraltar centers on commerce and large British naval and air bases; nearly all trade in the well-developed port is transit trade and port serves also as important supply depot for fuel, water, and ships' wares; recently built dockyards and machine shops provide maintenance and repair services to 3,500-4,000 vessels that call at Gibraltar each year. U.K. military establishments and civil government employ nearly half the insured labor force; local industry is confined to manufacture of tobacco, roasted coffee, ice, mineral waters, candy, beer, and canned fish; some factories for manufacture of clothing are being developed; a small segment of local population makes its livelihood by fishing; in recent years tourism has increased in importance. 7680 million Electric power: 40,000 kW capacity (1capita kWh produced (1976), 2,758 kWh per Exports: $25.36 million (f.o.b., 1974-75); principally reexports of tobacco, petroleum, and wine; 13% to U.K. Imports: $60.72 million (1974-75); 60% from U.K. Major trade partners: U.K., Morocco, Portugal, Nether- lands Budget: (1974-75) revenue, $21.3 million; expenditure $20.9 million Monetary conversion rate: 1 Gibraltar pound= US$1.8062 (1976) COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: 56 km, mostly paved Ports: 1 major (Gibraltar) Civil air: 1 major transport aircraft Airfields: 1 permanent-surface runway, 1,220-2,439 m; 1 seaplane station Telecommunications: international radiocommunication facilities; automatic telephone system serving 8,250 tele- phones; 7,300 radio receivers; 7,000 TV receivers, 1 AM, 1 FM, and 2 TV stations; 3 submarine telegraph cables DEFENSE FORCES bout Military manpower: males 15-49, about 6,000; about 3,000 fit for military service Defense is responsibility of United Kingdom GILBERT ISLANDS NOTE: On October 1, 1975, by Constitutional Order, the Ellice Islands were formally separated from the British colony of Gilbert and Ellice islands, thus forming the new I Th remaining islands in the former e ! 1ANEA UNITED STATES the Line Islands; Ocean Island; and those islands claimed by the United States: Caroline, Christmas, Flint, Malden, Starbuck, and Vostok in the Line Islands; and Birnie, Gardner, Hull, McKean, Phoenix, and Sydney in the Phoenix Islands. LAND About 684 km2 WATER Limits of territorial waters: 3 nm Coastline: about 1,143 km PEOPLE Population: 55,000, preliminary total from census of 8 December 1973 Nationality: noun-Gilbertese or Gilbert Islander(s); adjective-Gilbertese, or Gilbert Islander Ethnic divisions: Micronesian Religion: Catholic Literacy: less than 50% GOVERNMENT Legal name: Gilbert Islands Colony Type: British crown colony with large measure of self-government Capital: Tarawa Branches: 20-member House of Assembly elects a Chief Minister Government leader: Governor John H. Smith; Chief Minister, Naboua Ratieta Political parties and leaders: Gilbertese National Party, Christian Democratic Party Member of: ADB colony of Tuva u. Gilbert and Ellice Islands Colony were renamed the Gilbert ECGODNPO $740 per capita (1974) by copra, subsistence Islands. Agriculture: The islands that comprise the Gilbert Islands Colony are domestic fishing the Gilbert Islands; Fanning Atoll and Washington Island in supplemented crops of vegetables, Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 GILBERT ISLANDS Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 GILBERT ISLANDS/GREECE Industry: phosphate production, expected to cease in 1978 Electric power: 16,000 kW capacity (1976); 45 million kWh produced (1976), 818 kWh per capita Exports: $8.6 million (1970 est.); 70% phosphate, copra Imports: $3.1 million (1970 est.); foodstuffs, fuel Budget: (est.) revenue 5.877 million NZ$, expenditure 4.577 million NZ$ Monetary conversion rate: 0.80 Australian$=US$1 March 1976 COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: 483 km of motorable roads Inland waterways: small network of canals, totaling km, in Northern Line Islands Ports: 1 minor Civil air: no major transport aircr ft July 1977 Language: Greek; English and French widely understood Literacy: males about 92%; females about 73%; total about 82% Labor force: 3,400,000 (1975 est.); 40.5% agriculture, 25.6% industry, 33.7% services; unemployment 3%, but there is substantial underemployment in agriculture Organized labor: 20% of labor force est. GOVERNMENT Legal name: Hellenic Republic Type: presidential parliamentary government; monarchy rejected by referendum December 8, 1974 Capital: Athens Political subdivisions: 52 departments (nomoi) constitute basic administrative units for country; each nomos headed by officials appointed by central government and policy and programs tend to be formulated by central ministries; degree of flexibility each nomos may have in altering or avoiding programs imposed by Athens depends upon tradition (Thessaloniki and other areas exercise considerable tradi- tional autonomy in local administrative decisions) and influence which prominent local leaders and citizens may exercise vis-a-vis key figures in central government Legal system: new constitution enacted in June 1975 Branches: executive consisting of a President (to be elected by Parliament) and a Prime Minister and cabinet; legislative comprising the 300-member Parliament; inde- pendent judiciary Government leaders: President Constantine Tsatsos; Prime Minister Constantine Caramanlis Suffrage: universal age 21 and over Elections: every 4 years; latest November 17, 1974 Political parties and leaders: Union of the Democratic Center, George Mavros; New Democracy, Constantine Caramanlis; Panhellenic Socialist Movement, Andreas Papandreou; Communist Party-Exterior, Harilaos Florakis; Communist Party-Interior, Haralambos Drakopoulos; and the United Democratic Left, Ilias Ilion Voting strength: New Democracy, 215 seats; Union of the Democratic Center, 57 seats; Panhellenic Socialist Move- ment, 15 seats; Communists, 8 seats; independent, 5 seats Communists: an estimated 25,000-30,000 members and sympathizers Member of: EC (associate), EIB (associate), EMA, GATT, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, IHO, ILO, IMCO, IMF, IOOC, ITU, IWC-International Wheat Council, NATO, OECD, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO, WSG Telecommunications: 1 AM broadcast station; 5,000 radio receivers, no TV sets, and 250 telephones; connected with Lisbon, Portugal, via cable broadcasts GREECE Sq BA i G GRE CE os snscy, Black Sea LAND 132,608 km2; 29% arable and land under permanent crops, 40% meadows and pastures, 20% forested, 11% wasteland, urban, other Land boundaries: 1,191 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 6 nm Coastline: 13,676 km PEOPLE Population: 9,150,000 (July 1977), average annual growth rate 0.6% (7-70 to 7-75) Nationality: noun-Creek(s); adjective-Greek Ethnic divisions: 96% Greek, 2% Turkish, 2% other Religion: 97% Greek Orthodox, 2.5% Muslim, 0.5% other Mediterranean Sea ECONOMY GNP: $22.3 billion (1976 est.), $2,449 per capita; 70.5% consumption oreign ,ance20 -886% investment, 13.3% government; net f b l a .5%; real growth rate 5.3% (1976 est.); typical real growth rate averages 7.5% Agriculture: subject to droughts; main crops-wheat, olives, tobacco, cotton; nearly self-sufficient; food short- 76 Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 July 1977 ages-livestock products; caloric intake, 2,960 calories per day per capita (1963) Major industries: food processing, tobacco, chemicals, textiles, petroleum refining, aluminum processing Shortages: petroleum, minerals, feed grains Crude steel: 875,000 metric tons produced (1975), 100 kg per capita Electric power: 4,636,000 kW capacity (1976); 20.4 billion kWh produced (1976), 2,253 kWh per capita Exports: $2,227 million (f.o.b., 1976); principal items- tobacco, cotton, fruits, textiles Imports: $5,552 million (f.o.b., 1976); principal items- machinery and automotive equipment, manufactured con- sumer goods, petroleum and petroleum products, chemicals, meat and live animals Major trade partners: (1975)-49.7% EC, 11.5% CEMA countries, 8.9% other European countries, 5.1% U.S. Aid: economic (authorized)-U.S., $1,992.2 million (FY46-73); International Finance Corporation, $15 million through FY73; U.N. Technical Assistance, $4.3 million through FY72; U.N. Special Fund, $63.1 million through 1972; IBRD, $118.9 million (FY68-73), $25 million in 1972; Consortium, $40 million in 1966; EC (FY64-72) $69.2 million; U.S.S.R. $7.7 million (1954-74); military-U.S., $2,337 million (FY46-73) Budget: (1977) expenditures $6,447 million, revenues $5,297 million, deficit $1,150 million Monetary conversion rate: 1 drachma=US$0.027 (1976 average) Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 2,567 km; 1,559 km standard gage (1.435 m), 960 km meter gage (1.00 m), 32 km narrow gage (0.60 m), 16 km narrow gage (0.750 m); all government-owned Highways: 36,714 km; 18,223 km paved, 12,451 km crushed stone and gravel, 5,062 km improved earth, 978 km unimproved earth Inland waterways: system consists of 3 coastal canals and 3 unconnected rivers which provide navigable length of just less than 80 km Pipelines: crude oil, 26 km, refined products, 547 km Ports: 17 major, 37 minor Airfields: 68 total, 63 usable; 45 with permanent-surface runways; 17 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 23 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Civil air: 28 major transport aircraft (including 2 withdrawn from service) Telecommunications: adequate modern networks reach all areas on mainland and islands; 2.18 million telephones; 3.3 million radio receivers; 1.1 million TV receivers; 31 AM, 18 FM, and 34 TV stations; 4 coaxial submarine cables; 1 satellite station with 1 Atlantic Ocean antenna and 1 Indian Ocean antenna GREECE/GREENLAND DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 2,266,000; 1,737,000 fit for military service; about 76,000 reach military age (21) annually Military budget: est. for fiscal year ending 31 December 1977, $1.35 billion; about 20.2% of central government budget GREENLAND LAND 2,175,600 km'; less than 1% arable (of which only a fraction cultivated), 84% permanent ice and snow, 15% other WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 nm (fishing 12 nm) Coastline: 44,087 km (approx., includes minor islands) PEOPLE Population, 51,000 (July 1977), average annual growth rate 1.6% (1-71 to 1-75) Nationality: noun-Greenlander(s); adjective-Green- land Ethnic diviisions: 86% Greenlander (Eskimos and Green- land-born whites), 14% Danes Religion: Evangelical Lutheran Language: Danish, Eskimo dialects Literacy: 99% Labor force: 12,000; largely engaged in fishing and sheep breeding GOVERNMENT Legal name: Greenland Type: province of Kingdom of Denmark; 2 representa- tives in Danish parliament; separate Minister for Greenland in the Danish cabinet Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 Capital: Godthaab (administrative center) Political subdivisions: 3 counties, 19 communes Legal system: Danish law; transformed from colony to province in 1953 Branches: legislative authority rests jointly with Crown and Danish parliament; executive power vested in Crown, acting through provincial governor responsible to Minister for Greenland; local affairs handled by provincial council (Landsrad) subject to approval of provincial governor; 19 lower courts Government leader: Queen Margrethe II, Governor N. O. Christensen Suffrage: universal, but not compulsory, over age 21 Elections: held every 4 years (next 1981-coincides with Danish elections) Political parties: Inuit (advocating close ties with Denmark); Sukaq (moderate socialist, advocating more distinct Greenland identity) ECONOMY GNP: included in that of Denmark Agriculture: arable areas largely in hay; sheep grazing; garden produce Fishing: catch 48,052 tons (1975); exports $35.6 million (1975) Major industries: mining, slaughtering, fishing, sealing Electric power: 57,500 kW capacity (1976); 117 million kWh produced (1976), 2,294 kWh per capita Exports: $88.6 million (f.o.b., 1975); fish and fish products, nonmetallic minerals Imports: $129.1 million (c.i.f., 1975); machinery and transport equipment, petroleum and petroleum products, food products Major trade partners: (1975) Denmark 68%, Finland 7.5%, Spain 5.8% Monetary conversion rate: 6.045 Danish Kroner=US$1 (1976) Fiscal year. 1 April-31 March COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: none Ports: 9 major, 23 minor Civil air: 2 major transport aircraft (registered in Denmark) Airfields: 11 total, 6 usable; 3 with permanent-surface runways; 3 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 2 with runways 1,220-2,439 m; 7 seaplane stations Telecommunications: adequate domestic and interna- tional service provided by cables and radio relay; 9,000 telephones; 12,500 radiobroadcast receivers; 5 AM, 6 FM, and 2 TV stations; 2 coaxial submarine cables DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, included with Den- mark GRENADA LAND 344 kmz (Grenada and southern Grenadines); 44% cultivated, 4% pastures, 12% forests, 17% unused but potentially productive, 23% built on, wasteland, other WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 nm Coastline: 121 km PEOPLE Population: 107,000 (July 1977), average annual growth rate 1.0% (7-60 to 7-75) Nationality: noun-Grenadian(s); adjective-Grenadian Ethnic divisions: mainly of African-Negro descent Religion: Church of England; other Protestant sects; Roman Catholic Language: English; some French patois Literacy: unknown Labor force: 27,314 (1960); 40% agriculture, 30% unemployed or underemployed Organized labor: 33% of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Grenada Type: independent state since February 1974, recognizes Elizabeth II as Chief of State Capital: St. Georges Political subdivisions: 6 parishes Legal system: based on English common law Branches: legislative branch consists of 15-member elected House of Representatives and 13-member Senate appointed by the Governor; executive branch is cabinet led by Prime Minister Government leaders: Prime Minister Eric Matthew Gairy; U.K. Governor General Leo de Gale Suffrage: universal adult suffrage Elections: every 5 years; most recent general election 7 December 1976 78 Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 Political parties and leaders: Grenada United Labor Party (GULP), Eric Matthew Gairy; Peoples Alliance-a coalition consisting of the New Jewish Movement (NJM), Maurice Bishop; United People's Party (UPP), Winston Whyte; Grenada National Party (GNP), Herbert A. Blaize Voting strength (1976 election): GULP 51.7%, Peoples Alliance, 48.3%; Legislative Council seats, GULP 9, Peoples Alliance 6 (NJM 3, UPP 1, GNP 1, unaffilated 1) Communists: negligible Member of: CARICOM, IMF, OAS, SELA, U.N. ECONOMY GNP: $38 million (in current prices, 1974), $380 per capita; real growth rate 1974, -15% Agriculture: main crops-spices, cocoa, bananas Fishing: 1,800 metric tons (1972) Electric power: 7,000 kW capacity (1976); 25 million kWh produced (1976), 225 kWh per capita Exports: $12 million (f.o.b., 1975); nutmeg, cocoa beans, bananas, mace Imports: $24 million (c.i.f., 1975); food, machinery, building materials Major trade partners: exports-33% U.K., 19% West Germany, 13% Netherlands; imports-27% West Indies, 27% U.K., 9% U.S. Monetary conversion rate: 2.70 East Caribbean dollars= US$1 (July 1976) COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: 980 km; 600 km paved, 180 km otherwise improved; 200 km unimproved Ports: 1 major (St. Georges), 1 minor Civil air: no major transport aircraft Airfields: 3 total, 2 usable; 2 with permanent-surface runways, 1 with runway 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: automatic, islandwide telephone system with 5,250 telephones; VHF and UHF links to Trinidad and Carriacou; 22,000 radios and 150 TV receivers; 3 AM stations LAND 1,779 kmZ; 24% cropland, 9% pasture, 4% potential cropland, 16% forest, 47% wasteland, built on; area consists of two islands WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm Coastline: 306 km PEOPLE Population: 329,000 (July 1977), average annual growth rate 0.5% (10-67 to 10-74) DOMINICAN ,REPUBLIC PUERTO ; RICO GUADELOUPE c? Nationality: noun-Guadeloupian(s); adjective-Guade- loupe Ethnic divisions: 90% Negro or Mulatto, less than 5% East Indian, Lebanese, Chinese, 5% Caucasian Religion: 95% Roman Catholic, 5% Hindu and pagan African Language: French, creole patois Literacy: over 70% Labor force: 120,000; 25% agriculture, 25% unemployed Organized labor: 11% of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Overseas Department of Guadeloupe Type: overseas department and region of France; represented by 3 deputies in the French National Assembly and 2 Senators in the Senate Capital: Basse-Terre Political subdivisions: 3 arrondissements; 34 communes, each with a locally elected municipal council Legal system: French legal system; highest court is a court of appeal based in Martinique with jurisdiction over Guadeloupe, French Guiana, and Martinique Branches: executive, Prefect appointed by Paris; legisla- tive, popularly elected General Council of 36 members and a Regional Council composed of members of the local General Council and the locally elected deputies and senators to the French parliament; judicial, under jurisdic- tion of French judicial system Government leader: Prefect Paul Noirot Cosson Suffrage: universal over age 18 Elections: General Council elections are held normally every 5 years; last General Council election took place in March 1976; local election last held March 1977 Political parities and leaders: Rassemblement Pour la Republique (RPR), Gabriel Lisette; Communist Party of Guadeloupe (PCG), Henri Bangou; Socialist Party (MSG), leader unknown; Progressive Party of Guadeloupe (PPG), Henri Rodes; Independent Republicans; Federation of the Left Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 Voting strength: MSG, 1 seat in French National Assembly; UDG, 2 seats; (1973 election) Communists: 3,000 est. Other political or pressure groups: Group of National Organization of Guadeloupe (GONG) ECONOMY GDP: $302 million (1971), $880 per capita; real growth rate (1971) 5.9% Agriculture: main crops, sugarcane and bananas Major industries: agricultural processing, sugar milling and rum distillation Electric power: 50,000 kW capacity (1976); 200 million kWh produced (1976), 571 kWh per capita Exports: $78 million (f.o.b., 1975); sugar, bananas, rum Imports: $292 million (c.i.f., 1975); foodstuffs, clothing and other consumer goods, raw materials and supplies, and petroleum Major trade partners: exports-71% France, 17% U.S., 7% Germany, 5% other; imports-70% France, 9% U.S., 3% Germany, 3% Netherlands Antilles, 3% Netherlands, 12% other (1968) Monetary conversion rate: 4.44 French francs=US$1 Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: privately owned, narrow-gage plantation lines Highways: 2,030 km; 1,500 km paved, 530 km gravel and earth Ports: 1 major (Pointe-a-Pitre), 3 minor Civil air: 2 major transport aircraft Airfields: 8 total, 8 usable, 8 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runway 2,440-3,659 m; 2 seaplane stations Telecommunications: domestic facilities inadequate; 24,600 telephones; interisland VHF radio links; 2 AM and 3 TV transmitters; about 32,000 radio and 14,700 TV receivers DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, included with France LAND 108,880 km2; 14% cultivated, 10% pasture, 57% forest, 19% other Land boundaries: 1,625 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm (fishing 200 nm); 200 nm exclusive economic zone Coastline: 400 km PEOPLE Population: 6,183,000 (July 1977), average annual growth rate 2.8% (7-72 to 7-73) July 1977 Nationality: noun-Guatemalan(s); adjective-Guatema- lan Ethnic divisions: 41.4% Indian, 58.6% Ladino (mestizo and westernized Indian) Religion: predominantly Roman Catholic Language: Spanish, but over 40% of the population speaks an Indian language as a primary tongue Literacy: about 30% Labor force (1974): 1.8 million; 52.5% agriculture, 10.1% manufacturing, 21.7% services, 7.9% commerce, 3.9% construction, 2.1% transport, 0.7% mining, 1.2% electrical, 0.8% other. Unemployment estimates vary from 3% to 25% Organized labor: 6.4% of labor force (1975) GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Guatemala Type: republic Capital: Guatemala Political subdivisions: 22 departments Legal system: civil law system; constitution came into effect 1966; judicial review of legislative acts; legal education at University of San Carlos of Guatemala; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: traditionally dominant executive; elected uni- cameral legislature; 7-member (minimum) Supreme Court Government leader: President Kjell Laugerud Suffrage: universal over age 18, compulsory for literates, optional for illiterates Elections: next elections (President and Congress) 1978; President cannot succeed himself; Presidential candidates are General Fernando Romeo Lucas (PID/PR), General Ricardo Peralta Mendez (DCG), Colonel Enrique Peralta Azurdia (MLN) Political parties and leaders: Democratic Institutional Party (PID), Donaldo Alvarez Ruiz; Revolutionary Party (PR), Jorge Garcia-Granados Quinonez (secretary general); National Liberation Movement (MLN), Mario Sandoval Alarcon; Guatemalan Christian Democratic Party (DCG), 80 Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 July 1977 GUADELOUPE/GUINEA Vinicio Cerezo Arevalo (sec. gen.); Rene de Leon Schlotter (honorary President and party strongman); several unregis- tered parties Voting strength: for President-MLN-PID 298,953 (44.6%), DCG 228,067 (34.0%), PR 143,111 (21.4%); for congressional seats-MLN-PID 36, DCG 15, PR 10 Communists: Communist party outlawed; underground membership estimated at 750 (Commu- Other political or pressure groups: outlawed Cabrera nist) Guatemalan Labor Party (PGT), Eleuterio Mejia (provisional secretary general) Member of: CACM, FAO, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, IDA, IDB, IFC, IHO, ILO, IMF, ISO, ITU, IWC- International Wheat Council, OAS, ODECA, SELA, U.N., UNESCO, UPEB, UPU, WHO, WMO ECONOMY capita; 82% GDP: $4,200 million (1976 est.), $630 per cprivate consumption, 6% government consumption, 15% domestic investment (1975), -8% net foreign balance (1976); average annual real growth rate (1971-76), 5.3% roducts-coffee, cotton, corn, beans, in p Agriculture: ma sugarcane, bananas, livestock; caloric intake, 2,200 calories per day per capita (1967) Fishing: catch 5,000 metric tons (1974); exports its $0 7 million (1973) 3 ), -1- million (197 Major industries: food processing, textiles and clothing, furniture, chemicals, nonmetallic minerals, metals billion Electric power: 315,000 kW capacity (1976); 1.4 kWh produced (1976), 233 kWh per capita Exports: $690 million (f.o.b., 1976 est.); coffee, cotton, sugar, bananas, meat Imports: $1,060 million (c.i.f., 1976 est.); manufactured products, machinery, transportation equipment, chemicals, fuels 34% U.S., 28% Major trade partners: exports (1974)- CACM, 11% West Germany, 5% Japan; imports (1974)- 31% U.S., 17% CACM, 12% Venezuela, 9% Japan, 8% West Germany 108 million loans, Aid: economic-from U.S. (FY46-75), $ $203 million grants; from international organizations (FY46-75), $246 million; from other Western countries (1960-71), $12.3 million; military-assistance from U.S. (FY46-75), $39 million Central government budget (1975 est.): Ali on revenues $340 million io expenditures, $368 mi Monetary conversion rate: 1 quetzal=US$1 Fiscal year: calendar year (official) Inland waterways: 260 km navigable year-round; addi- tional 730 km navigable during high-water season Pipelines: crude oil, 48 km Ports: 2 major (Puerto Barrios, Santo Tomas de Castilla), 3 minor Airfields: 337 total, 337 usable; 8 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runway 2,440-3,659 m, 17 with runways 1,220-2,439 m; 1 seaplane station Civil air: 10 major transport aircraft plus 3 withdrawn from use Telecommunications: modern telecom facilities limited to Guatemala City; 58,500 telephones; 360,000 radio and 113,000 TV receivers; 97 AM, 20 FM, and 5 TV stations; connection into Central American microwave net DEFENSE FORCES 968 000 fit 00 ; Military manpower- ower: males 15-49, 1,489,0 for military service; about 65,000 reach military age (18) annually Military budget: proposed for fiscal year ending 31 December 1977, $41.3 million; 52% of central government budget COMMUNICATIONS single-tracked; 832 Railroads: 947 km, 0.914-meter gage, si singd km government-owned, 115 km privately owned Highways: 12,400 km, 2,650 km bituminous, 6,300 km gravel, 3,450 km improved or unimproved earth GUINEA LAND 246,050 kin'; 3% cropland, 10% forest Land boundaries: 3,476 km WATER 130 nm Limits of territorial waters (claimed): Coastline: 346 km PEOPLE Populatioin: 4,642,000 (July 1977), average annual growth rate 2.6% (current) adjective-Guinean Nationality: noun-Guinean(s); a1 Ethnic diivisions: 99% African (3 major tribes-Fulani, Malinke, Susu; and 15 smaller tribes) Religion: 75% Muslim, 25% animist, Christian, less than 1% Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 GUINEA/GUINEA-BISSAU Language: French official; each tribe has own language Literacy: 5% to 10%; French only significant written language Labor force: 1.8 million, of whom less than 10% are wage earners; most of population engages in subsistence agricul- ture Organized labor: virtually 100% of wage labor force loosely affiliated with the National Confederation of Guinean Workers, which is closely tied to the PDG GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Guinea Type: republic; under one-party presidential regime Capital: Conakry Political subdivisions: 29 administrative regions, 209 arrondissements, about 8,000 local entities at village level Legal system: based on French civil law system, customary law, and presidential decree; constitution adopted 1958; no constitutional provision for judicial review of legislative acts; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: executive branch dominant, with power concentrated in President's hands and a small group who are both ministers and members of the party's politburo; unicameral National Assembly and judiciary have little independence Government leader: President Ahmed Sekou Toure, who has been designated "The Supreme Leader of the Revolution" Suffrage: universal over age 18 Elections: approximate schedule-5 years parliamentary, latest in 1975; 7 years presidential, latest in 1975 Political parties and leaders: only party is Democratic Party of Guinea (PDG), headed by Sekou Toure Communists: no Communist party, although there are some sympathizers Member of. AFDB, ECA, ECOWAS, FAO, IBA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, ILO, IMF, ITU, Niger River Commission, OAU, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GDP: about $729 million (mid-1976 est.), $170 per capita Agriculture: cash crops-coffee, bananas, palm products, peanuts, and pineapples; staple food crops-cassava, rice, millet, corn, sweet potatoes; livestock raised in some areas Major industries: alumina, light manufacturing and processing industries, bauxite mining Electric power: 101,500 kW capacity (1976); 450 million kWh produced (1976), 99 kWh per capita Exports: $272 million (f.o.b., 1975); alumina, bauxite, coffee, pineapples, bananas, palm kernels Imports: $206 million (c.i.f., 1975); petroleum products, metals, machinery and transport equipment, foodstuffs, textiles Budget: (FY75) current expenditures $154 million July 1977 revenue $180 million, current 21 syli=US$1 floating (end Monetary conversion rate: 1976) Fiscal year: 1 October-30 COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 805 km meter gage (1.00 m), 8 km standard gage Highways: 7,604 unimproved earth km; 4,949 km paved, remainder Inland waterways: 1,795 km; 500 km navigable by small oceangoing vessels, 1,295 km navigable by shallow-draft steamers and barges Ports: 1 major (Conakry), 3 minor Civil air: 7 major transport aircraft Airfields: 17 total, 17 usable; 4 with permanent-surface runways; 3 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 10 with runways 1,220-2,439 m; 3 seaplane landing areas Telecommunications: inadequate system of openwire lines, small radiocommunication stations, and 1 radio-relay link; principal center Conakry, secondary center Kankan; 8,300 telephones; 112,000 radio receivers; 1 AM station, no FM, and no TV stations; 2 submarine cables DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 995,000; 502,000 fit for military service Military budget: for fiscal year ending 30 September 1970 (latest information available), $6,073,000; 8.0% of central government budget GUINEA-BISSAU (formerly Portuguese Guinea) Major trade partners: Communist countries, Western LAND km2 (includ Europe (including France), U.S. Lando 7s Bijagos archipelago) Land 60 aries: es: 740 km Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 July 1977 WATER Monetary conversion rate: using Portuguese currency; Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 150 nm 31.994 escudos=US$1 (January 1977) Coastline: 274 km Fiscal year: probably is the calendar year PEOPLE Population: 522,000 (July 1977), rate 1.8% (current) average annual growth Nationality: noun-Guinean(s); adjective-Guinean Ethnic divisions: about 99% African (Balanta 30%, Fulani 20%, Mandyako 14%, Malinke 13%, and 23% other tribes); less than 1% European and mulatto Religion: 66% animist, 30% Muslim, 4% Christian Language: Portuguese and numerous African languages Literacy: 3% to 5% Labor force: bulk of agriculture population engaged in GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Guinea-Bissau Type: republic; achieved independence from Portugal in September 1974; constitution promulgated 1974 Capital: Bissau Political subdivisions: 9 municipalities, 3 tions (predominantly indigenous population) Legal system: to be determined Branches: National Popular Assembly to be elected for three-year term; Council of State Commissars, 16 members; the official party is the supreme political institution. Government leaders: President of Council of State and Chief of State is Luis Cabral; Principal Commissar and Head of Government, Francisco Mendes; Secretary General of the Official party, Aristides Pereira Suffrage: universal over age 18 Elections: none held to date Political parties and leaders: Partido Africano da Independencia da Guinee e Cabo Verde (PAIGC), led by Aristide Pereira, only legal party; Front de Lutte pour l'Independence Nationale de la Guinea (FLING), a largely dormant, loose coalition of nationalist elements opposed the PAIGC, leadership fragmented Communists: none known Member of: OAU, U.N., UPU ECONOMY GDP: $112 million (est. 1975), $240 per capita Agriculture: main crops-palm oil, root crops, rice, coconuts, peanuts Electric power: 11,000 kW capacity (1976); 17 million kWh produced (1976), 33 kWh per capita Exports: $6.2 million (f.o.b., 1975); principally peanuts, coconuts Imports: $38 million (c.i.f., 1975); manufactured goods, fuels, transport equipment, rice Major trade partners: mostly Portugal, also immediate neighbors Aid: Portugal, U.S.S.R. COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: approx. 3,218 km (418 km bituminous, remainder earth) Inland waterways: 1,600 km Ports: 1 major (Bissau), 2 minor Civil air: no major transport aircraft Airfields: 60 total, 60 usable; 5 with permanent-surface runways; 9 with runways 1,220-2,439 m; 1 seaplane station Telecommunications: limited system of open-wire lines and radiocommunication stations; 2,700 telephones; 10,000 radio receivers; 1 AM, 1 FM and no TV stations DEFENSE FORCES: Military manpower: males 15-49, 122,000; 70,000 fit for military service GUYANA Georgetown YANA FRENCH GUIANA LAND 214,970 km2; 1% cropland, 3% pasture, 8% savanna, 66% forested, 22% water, urban, and waste Land boundaries: 2,575 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 nm Coastline: 459 km PEOPLE Population: 827,000 (July 1977), average annual growth rate 2.2% (current) Nationalityr. noun-Guyanese (sing., pl.); adjective- Guyanese Ethnic divisions: 51% East Indians, 43% Negro and Negro mixed, 4% Amerindian, 2% white and Chinese Religion: 57% Christian, 33% Hindu, 9% Muslim, 1% other 83 Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 Language: English Literacy: 86% Labor force: 201,000; about 25% agriculture, 14% manufacturing, 16% services, 11% commerce, 3% mining and quarrying, 10% other; 21% unemployed Organized labor: 34% of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Cooperative Republic of Guyana Type: republic within Commonwealth Capital: Georgetown Political subdivisions: 9 administrative districts Legal system: based on English common law with certain admixtures of Roman-Dutch law; has not accepted compul- sory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: Council of Ministers presided over by Prime Minister; 53-member unicameral legislative National Assem- bly (elected); Supreme Court Government leader: Prime Minister L. F. S. Burnham Suffrage: universal over age 18 as of constitutional amendment August 1973 Elections: last held in July 1973; next election must be called within 5 years Political parties and leaders: People's National Congress (PNC), L. F. S. Burnham; People's Progressive Party (PPP), Cheddi Jagan; United Force (UF), Feilden Singh Voting strength (1973 election): 70.2% PNC, 26.2% PNC, 3.6% other Communists: est. 100 hard-core within PPP; top echelons of PPP and PYO (Progressive Youth Organization, militant wing of the PPP) include many Communists, but rank and file is conservative and non-Communist; small but unknown number of orthodox Marxist-Leninists within PNC, some of whom are PPP turncoats Other political or pressure groups: Trades Union Congress (TUC); Working People's Alliance (WPA); Work- ing People's Vanguard Party (WPVP); Guyana Council of Indian Organizations (GCIO); Civil Liberties Action Com- mittee (CLAC); the latter two organizations are small and active but not well organized Member of. CARICOM, CDB, FAO, GATT, IADB, IBA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, ILO, IMF, ISO, ITU, NAM, OAS (observer), SELA, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GNP: $427 million (1976), $522 per capita; real growth rate 1975, 7% est. Agriculture: main crops-sugarcane, rice, other food crops; food shortages-wheat flour, cooking oil, processed meat, dairy products; caloric intake, 2,180 calories per day per capita (1967) Fishing: exported 4,445 metric tons valued at $3 million in 1975 Major industries: bauxite mining, alumina production, sugar and rice milling, timber Electric power: 175,000 kW capacity (1976); 370 million kWh produced (1976), 457 kWh per capita Exports: $257 million (f.o.b., 1976); bauxite, sugar, alumina, rice, shrimp, molasses, timber, diamonds, rum Imports: $371 million (c.i.f., 1976); manufactures, ma- chinery, food, petroleum Major trade partners: exports-27.4% U.K., 20.5% U.S., 16.3% CARICOM, 2.4% Canada; imports-28% U.S., 23% U.K., 22% CARICOM, 4% Canada (1976) Aid: economic-authorizations from U.S. (FY53-75), $63 million in loans, $26 million in grants; commitments from Communist countries-China (1972-76), $36 million in loans, and East Germany (1974), $10 million in loans; from international organizations (FY46-75), $68 million Budget: revenue, $186 million; expenditure, $312 million (1976) Monetary conversion rate: floating with US dollar, 1 US$=G$2.55 Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 109 km, all single track; 80 km 0.914-meter gage, 29 km 1.067-meter gage Highways: 3,500 km; 800 km paved, 1,550 km otherwise improved, 1,150 km unimproved Inland waterways: 5,900 km; Demerara River navigable to Mackenzie by ocean steamers, others by ferryboats, small craft only Ports: 1 major (Georgetown), 3 minor Civil air: 5 major transport aircraft Airfields: 96 total, 88 usable; 5 with permanent-surface runways; 12 with runways 1,220-2,439 m; 2 seaplane stations Telecommunications: highly developed telecom system with radio-relay network and over 21,300 telephones; tropospheric scatter link to Trinidad; 285,000 radio receiv- ers, 5 AM, 1 FM and no TV stations DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 189,000; 144,000 fit for military service Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1975, $13.4 million; 4.9% of central government budget LAND 27,713 km2; 31% cultivated, 18% rough pastures, 7% forested, 44% unproductive Land boundary: 361 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm (fishing 200 nm); 200 nm exclusive economic zone Coastline: 1,771 km PEOPLE Population: 4,736,000 (July 1977), average annual growth rate 1.7% (current) 84 Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 Nationality: noun-Haitian(s); adjective-Haitian Ethnic divisions: over 90% Negro, nearly 10% mulatto, few whites Religion: 10% Protestant, 75% to 80% Roman Catholic (of which an overwhelming majority also practice Voodoo) Language: French (official) spoken by only 10% of population; all speak Creole Literacy: 10% to 12% Labor force: 2.6 million (est. January 1968); 86% agriculture, 12% industry, 2% unemployed; shortage of skilled labor; unskilled labor abundant Organized labor: less than 1% of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Haiti Type: republic under the 14-year dictatorship of Francois Duvalier who was succeeded upon his death on 1971 by his son, Jean-Claude Capital: Port-au-Prince Political subdivisions: 5 departments (despite tional provision for 9) Legal system: based on Roman civil law system; constitution adopted 1964 and amended 1971; legal educa- tion at State University in Port-au-Prince and private law colleges in Cap-Haitien, Les Cayes, Gonaives, and Jeremie; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: lifetime President, unicameral 58-member legislature of very limited powers, judiciary appointed by President Government Duvalier leader: President-for-life Jean-Claude Voting strength (1973 legislative elections): 100% Na- tional Unity Party (Duvalier) Communists: strength unknown; party leaders believed in exile Other political or pressure groups: none Member of: FAO, GATT, IADB, IAEA, IBA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, ID16, IFC, ILO, IMCO, IMF, ITU, OAS, SELA, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GNP: $865 million (1975), $189 per capita; real growth rate 1975, 2% Agriculture: main crops-coffee, sugarcane, rice, corn, sorghum, pulses; caloric intake, 1,850 calories per day per capita Major industries: sugar refining, textiles, flour milling, cement manufacturing, bauxite mining, tourism, light assembly industries Electric power: 70,000 kW capacity (1976); 135 million kWh produced (1976), 29 kWh per capita Exports: $81 million (f.o.b., 1975); coffee, light industrial products, bauxite, sugar, essential oils, sisal Imports: $142 million (c.i.f., 1975); consumer durables, foodstuffs, industrial equipment, petroleum products, con- struction materials Major trade partners: exports-71% U.S.; imports-53i U.S. (1975) Aid: economic authorizations-from U.S. (FY46-75), $46 million loans, $109 million grants; from international organizations (FY46-75), $102 million; military authoriza- tions-from U.S. (FY46-75), $4 million in grants Budget: (1974) revenue, $75 million; expenditure, $73 million Monetary conversion rate: 5 gourdes=US$1 Fiscal year: 1 October-30 September COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 80 km narrow gage (0.760 m), single-track, privately owned industrial line; 8 km dual-gage 0.760- to 1.065-meter gage, government line, dismantled Highways: 3,200 km; 600 km paved, 950 km otherwise improved, 1,650 km unimproved Inland waterways: negligible; about 100 km navigable Ports: 2 major (Port-au-Prince, Cap Haitian), 12 minor Civil air: 7 major transport aircraft Airfields: 14 total, 13 usable; 3 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runway 2,440-3,659 m, 5 with runways 1,220-2,439 m; 2 seaplane stations Telecommunications: all domestic facilities inadequate, international facilities slightly better; telephone expansion program underway; 11,000 telephones, 300,000 radio and 13,800 TV receivers, 32 AM, 5 FM, and 1 TV station; 1 Atlantic Ocean satellite station Suffrage: universal over age 18 Elections: constitution as amended in 1971 provides for lifetime president to be designated by his predecessor and ratified by electorate in plebiscite; legislative elections, which are held every 6 years, last held February 1973 Political parties: National Unity Party, only legal party; United Haitian Communist Party (PUCH), illegal (Commu- nist) Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 DOMINICAN Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 1,180,000; 628,000 fit for military service; about 51,000 reach military age (18) annually Military budget: for fiscal year ending 30 September 1976, $10.9 million; about 13.6% of operational budget LAND 112,150 km2; 27% forested, 30% pasture, 36% waste and built-up, 7% cropland Land boundaries: 1,530 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm Coastline: 820 km PEOPLE Population: 2,912,000 (July 1977), average annual growth rate 2.9% (7-74 to 7-75) Nationality: noun-Honduran(s); adjective-Honduran Ethnic divisions: 90% mestizo, 7% Indian, 2% Negro, and 1 % white Religion: about 97% Roman Catholic Language: Spanish Literacy: 57.4% of persons 10 years of age and over (est. 1970) Labor force: approx. 900,000 (est. mid-1972); 66% agriculture, 12% services, 8% manufacturing, 5% commerce, 6% unemployed, 3% unspecified Organized labor: 7% to 10% of labor force (mid-1972) GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Honduras Type: republic Capital: Tegucigalpa Political subdivisions: 18 departments Legal system: based on Roman and Spanish civil law; some influence of English common law; constitution adopted 1965; judicial review of legislative acts in Supreme Court; legal education at University of Honduras in Tegucigalpa; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations Branches: constitution provides for elected President, unicameral legislature, and national judicial branch Government leader: Juan Alberto Melgar Castro Suffrage: universal and compulsory over age 18 Elections: government leaders have indicated an inten- tion to hold elections in 1979 Political parties and leaders: all parties, even legal ones, are dormant at present; Liberal Party (PLH), Modesto Rodas Alvarado, Carlos Roberto Reina Idiaguez, Jorge Bueso Arias; National Party (PNH), Alejandro Lopez Cantarero, Ricardo Zuniga Augustinus; Mario Rivera Lopez, Martin Aquero; Popular Progressive Party (PPP) (uninscribed), Gonzalo Carias Castillo; National Innovation and Unity Party (PINU) (uninscribed), Miguel Andonie Fernandez; Workers Party of Honduras (PTH) (Communist) (uninscribed), Rogue Ochoa; Communist Party of Honduras/Soviet (PCH/S-outlawed), Dionisio Ramos Bejarano; Communist Party of Honduras/ China (PCH/C-outlawed), Agapito Robledo Castro Voting strength (1971 elections): National Party (PNH) 306,028; Liberal Party (PLH) 276,777 Communists: about 650; 500 sympathizers Other political or pressure groups: National Association of Honduran Campesinos (ANACH); Council of Honduran Private Enterprise (COHEP); Confederation of Honduran Workers (CTH) Member of: CACM, FAO, IADB, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IDB, IFC, ILO, IMCO, IMF, ISO, ITU, OAS, U.N., UNESCO, UPEB, UPU, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GDP: $1,030 million (1975), $370 per capita; 79% private consumption, 10% government consumption, 22% domestic investment; -11% net foreign balance (1975); real growth rate, average 1971-75, 2.6% Agriculture: main crops-bananas, coffee, corn, beans, cotton, sugarcane, tobacco; caloric intake, 2,200 calories per day per capita (1970) Fishing: exports est. $8.0 million (1976); imports $0.5 million (1972) Major industries: agricultural processing, textiles, cloth- ing, wood products Electric power: 175,000 kW capacity (1976); 450 million kWh produced (1976), 159 kWh per capita Exports: $385 million (f.o.b., 1976); bananas, lumber, coffee, meat, petroleum products Imports: $423 million (f.o.b., 1976); manufactured prod- ucts, machinery, transportation equipment, chemicals, petroleum 86 Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 Major trade partners: exports-51% U.S., 12% CACM, 11% West germany; imports-42% U.S., 16% Venezuela, 13% CACM, 7% Japan, 3% West Germany (1975) Aid: economic-extensions from U.S. (FY46-75), $107 million loans, $87 million grants; from international organizations (FY46-73), $291 million; from other Western countries (1960-73), $7.0 million; military-assistance from U.S. (FY46-75), $16 million Budget (1977): expenditures, $312 million Monetary conversion rate: 2 lempiras=US$1 (official) Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 574 km; 325 km 1.067-meter gage, 249 km 0.914-meter gage Highways: 8,700 km; 1,150 km bituminous surfaced, 2,500 km gravel surfaced or improved earth, 5,050 km unimproved earth Inland waterways: 1,200 km navigable by small craft Ports: 3 major (Puerto Cortes, La Ceiba, Tela), 9 minor Civil air: 24 major transport aircraft Airfields: 242 total, 223 usable; 4 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runway 2,440-3,659 m; 8 with runways 1,220-2,439 m; 2 seaplane stations Telecommunications: improved, but still inadequate; connection into Central American microwave net; 19,500 telephones; 300,000 radio and 50,000 TV receivers; 97 AM, 12 FM, and 5 TV stations DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 680,000; 401,000 fit for military service; about 31,000 reach military age (18) annually Military budget: proposed for fiscal year ending 31 December 1977, $25.3 million; about 8.1% of central government budget (includes the armed forces and other military) HONG KONG LAND 1,036 km'; 14% arable, 10% forested, 76% other (mainly grass, shrub, steep hill country) Land boundaries: 24 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 nm Coastline: 733 km PEOPLE Population: 4,453,000 (July 1977), average annual growth rate 1.6% (7-71 to 7-76) Nationality: adjective-Hong Kong Ethnic divisions: 98% Chinese, 2% other Religion: 10% Christian, 90% eclectic mixture of local religions . South China Sea HONG KONG PHILIPPINES Language: Chinese, English Literacy: 75% Labor force (1971 est.): 1.58 million; 43% manufacturing, 20% services, 11% construction, mining, quarrying and utilities, 13% commerce, 4% agriculture, forestry, fisheries, and hunting, 7% communications, 2% other; underemploy- ment is a serious problem Organized labor: 12% of 1969 labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Colony of Hong Kong Type: U.K. crown colony Capital: Victoria Political subdivisions: Hong Kong, Kowloon, and New Territories Legal system: English common law Branches: Governor assisted by advisory Executive Council; he legislates with advice and consent of Legislative Council; Urban Council which alone includes elected representatives, responsible for health, recreation, and resettlement; independent judiciary Government leader: C. M. MacLehose, Governor and Commander in Chief Suffrage: limited to 200,000 to 300,000 professional or skilled persons Elections: every 2 years to select one-half of elected membership of Urban Council; other Urban Council members appointed by the Governor Political parties: Civic Association; Reform Club; Socialist Democratic Party; Hong Kong Labour Party Voting strength: (elected Urban Council members) Civic Association 4, Reform Club 3, and 1 independent Communists: an estimated 2,000 cadres affiliated with Communist Party of China Other political or pressure groups: Federation of Trade Unions (Communist controlled), Hong Kong and Kowloon Trade Union Council (Nationalist Chinese dominated), Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 Hong Kong General Chamber of Commerce, Chinese General Chamber of Commerce (Communist controlled), Federation of Hong Kong Industries, Chinese Manufactur- ers) Association of Hong Kong Member of: ADB ECONOMY GDP: 6.8 billion ( 1975, in 1975 prices), $1,570 per capita (est.); average real growth 4.8% (1970-75) Agriculture: agriculture occupies a minor position in the economy; main products-rice, vegetables, dairy products; less than 20% self-sufficient; food shortages-rice, wheat Major industries: textiles and clothing, tourism, plastics, electronics, light metal products, food processing Shortages: industrial raw materials, water, food Electric power: 2,800,000 kW capacity (1976); 7,500 million kWh produced (1976), 1,665 kWh per capita Exports: $8.4 billion (f.o.b., 1976), including $1.4 billion reexports; principal products clothing, plastic articles, textiles, electrical goods, wigs, footwear, light metal manufactures Imports: $8.7 billion (c.i.f., 1976) Major trade partners: (1976) exports-35% U.S., 12% West Germany, 10% U.K.; imports-21% Japan, 18% China, 12% U.S. Budget: (76/77) $1.44 billion Monetary conversion rate: HK$4.884=US$1 (September 1976) Fiscal year: 1 April-31 March COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 35 km standard gage (1.435 m); government owned Highways: 966 km; 660 km paved, 306 km gravel and crushed stone, or earth Ports: 1 major Civil air: 17 major transport aircraft Airfields: 2 total, 2 usable; 2 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runway 2,440-3,659 m, 1 with runway 1,220-2,439 m; 1 seaplane station Telecommunications: modern facilities provide domestic and international services; excellent broadcast coverage provided by wired and radio broadcast stations; closed-cir- cuit TV and TV broadcast facilities; 1 million telephones; 2.5 million radio receivers; 100,000 wired-speakers; 2 FM, 2 AM stations; wired-broadcast network; 859,000 TV receivers, 2 TV stations, 2 closed-circuit TV networks; 2 international communications satellite ground stations; coaxial cable link to Canton; 5 submarine cables; submarine cable under construction to Japan and Philippines DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 1,201,000; 937,000 fit for military service; about 55,000 reach military age (18) annually Defense is the responsibility of U.K. HUNGARY 92,981 km'; 60% arable, 14% other agricultural, 16% forested, 10% other Land boundaries: 2,245 km PEOPLE Population: 10,664,000 (July 1977), average annual growth rate 0.6% (current) Nationality: noun-Hungarian(s); adjective-Hungarian Ethnic divisions: 93.3% Magyar, 2.5% German, 2.4% Gypsy, 0.7% Jews, 1.1% other Religion: 67.5% Roman Catholic, 20.0% Calvinist, 5.0% Lutheran, 7.5% atheist and other Language: 98.2% Magyar, 1.8% other Literacy: 97% Labor force: 5,085,500 (1 January 1976); 23% agriculture, 44% industry and building, 16% trade and transport, 17% other nonagricultural GOVERNMENT Legal name: Hungarian Peoples Republic Type: Communist state Capital: Budapest Political subdivisions: 19 megyes (counties), 5 autono- mous cities in county status, 97 jaras (districts) Legal system: based on Communist legal theory, with both civil law system (civil code of 1960) and common law elements; constitution adopted 1949 amended 1972; Su- preme Court renders decisions of principle that sometimes have the effect of declaring legislative acts unconstitutional; legal education at Lorand Eotvos Tudomanyegyetem School of Law in Budapest and 2 other schools of law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: executive-Presidential Council (elected by Parliament); legislative-Parliament (elected by direct suffrage); judicial-Supreme Court (elected by Parliament) Government leaders: Gyorgy Lazar, Chairman, Council of Ministers; Pal Losonczi, President, Presidential Council 88 Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 July 1977 HUNGARY/ICELAND Suffrage: universal over age 18 Elections: every 5 years; national and local elections are held separately Political parties and leaders: Hungarian Socialist i(CFm- munist) Workers Party (sole party); Janos Kadar Secretary of Central Committee Voting strength (1975 election): 7,497,061 (99.6 %) for Communist-approved candidates; 30,108 (0.4%) invalid and negative votes; total eligible electorate about 7.76 million; next elections will be held in 1980 (March 1975) Communists: about 754,000 party members Member of: CEMA, Danube Commission, FAO, GATT, IAEA, ICAC, ICAO, ILO, International Lead and Zinc Study Group, IMCO, IPU, ISO, ITC, ITU, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, Warsaw Pact, WHO, WMO (1.524 m), 1,159 km double track, 1,303 km electrified; government owned (1975) Highways: 30,000 km; 350 km concrete, 21,450 km bituminous, 250 km stone block, 7,000 km gravel, 950 km earth (1975) Inland waterways: 1,688 km (1977) Pipelines: crude oil, 1,287 km; refined products, 290 km; natural gas, 2,896 km tons, m23.5 Freight carried: rail-131.7 million metric illion billion metric ton/km (1975); highway-479.4 metric tons, 8.1 billion metric ton/km (1975); waterway- est. 14.2 million metric tons, 8.3 billion metric ton/km incl. int'l. transit traffic (1975) River ports: 2 principal (Budapest, Dunaujvaros); no maritime ports; outlets are Rostock, GDR, and Gdansk, Gdynia, and Szczecin in Poland ECONOMY $2,410 per GNP: $25.5 billion in 1976 (at 1975 prices), capita; 1976 growth rate, 1.2% Agriculture: normally self-sufficien ; main caloric intake wheat, potatoes, sugar beets, wine grapes; 3,140 calories per day per capita (1970) Major industries: mining, metallurgy, engineering indus- tries, processed foods, textiles, chemicals (especially pharma- ceuticals) high Shortages: metallic ores (except bauxite), copper, grade coal, forest products, crude oil Crude steel: 3.65 million metric tons produced (1976), 340 kg per capita billion Electric power: 4,506,000 kW capacity (1976); 22 kWh produced (1976), 2,080 kWh per capita Exports: $6,330 million (f.o.b., 1976); 31% machinery, 18% industrial consumer goods, 28% raw materials and semimanufactures, 21% food and raw materials for the food industry, energy sources 2% (distribution for 1976) Imports: $7,041 million (1976); 22% machinery, 9% industrial consumer goods, 48% raw materials and semi- manufactures; 9% food and raw materials for the food industry, energy sources 12% (distribution for 19%6)with Major trade partners: $13,371 million (1976); 66 Communist countries, 34% with non-Communist countries Aid: U.S.S.R.-$338 million extended (1956-66), $10 million extended in 1967, $167 million extended in 1968; to less developed non-Communist countries-$716 million (1954-76) Monetary conversion rate: 41.30 forints=US$1 (commer- cial); 20.60 forints=US$1 (noncommercial) (1977) Fiscal year: same as calendar year; economic data reported for calendar years NOTE: foreign trade figures were converted at the 1976 rate of 41.56 forints=US$1 COMMUNICATIONS km gage b (1.435 Railroads: 8,392 km; 7,879 km standard gage 478 km narrow gage (mostly 0.760 m), 35 DEFENSE FORCES 2,314,000 fit Military manpower: males 15-49, 2,650,000; 2, for military service; about 70,000 reach military age (18) annually Military budget (announced): for fiscal year ending 31 December 1976, est. 14.7 billion forints; about 4% of total budget ICELAND Atlantic Ocean Jan Mayan Island ICELAND Sea LAND 102,952 km'; arable negligible, 22% meadows and pastures, forested negligible, 78% other WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 4 nm (fishing 200 nm) Coastline: 4,988 km PEOPLE Population, 223,000 (Julv 1977), average annual growth rate 1.2% (1-75 to 1-76) Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 Nationality: noun-Icelander(s); adjective-Icelandic Ethnic divisions: homogeneous white population Religion: 95% Evangelical Lutheran, 3% other Protestant and Roman Catholic, 2% no affiliation Language: Icelandic Literacy: 99% Labor force: 85,000; 22.6% agriculture and fishing; 25.6% mining and manufacturing; 10.7% construction; 12.8% commerce; 7.8% transportation and communications; 15.2% services; and 5.7% other; unemployment 0.6% Organized labor: 60% of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Iceland Type: republic Capital: Reykjavik Political subdivisions: 23 rural districts, 215 parishes, 14 incorporated towns Legal system: civil law system based on Danish law; constitution adopted 1944; legal education at University of Iceland; does not accept compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: legislative authority rests jointly with President and parliament (Althing); executive power vested in President but exercised by cabinet responsible to parliament; Supreme Court and 29 lower courts Government leaders: President Kristian Eldjarn; Prime Minister Geir Hallgrimsson Suffrage: universal, over age 20; not compulsory Elections: parliamentary, every 4 years (next in (1978); presidential, every 4 years Political parties and leaders: Independence (conserva- tive), Geir Hallgrimsson; Progressive, Olafur Johannesson; Social Democratic, Benedikt Grondal; People's Alliance (Communist front), Ragnar Arnalds; Organization of Liber- als and Leftists, Magnus Torfi Olafsson Voting strength (1974 election): 42.7% Independence, 24.9% Progressive, 9.1% Social Democratic, 18.3% People's Alliance, organization of leftists and liberals 4.6% Communists: est. 2,200; a number of sympathizers, as indicated by 20,922 votes cast for People's Alliance in 1974 election Member of: Council of Europe, EC (free trade agreement pending resolution of fishing limits issue), EFTA, FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, IHO, ILO, IMCO, IMF, IPU, ITU, IWC-International Whaling Commission, NATO, Nordic Council, OECD, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO, WSG ECONOMY GNP: $1,351 million-0976 est.), $6,000 per capita; 60% consumption, 33% investment, 11% government, -2.3% net foreign balance (1975); 1976 growth rate 0.0%, constant prices Agriculture: cattle, sheep, dairying, hay, potatoes, turnips; WATER food shortages-grains sugar ve t bl , ge a e and other fibers; Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm (fishing 200 caloric intake, 2,900 calories per day per capita (1964-66) nm; additional 100 in is fisheries conservation zone, July 1977 Fishing: catch 987,094 metric tons; exports $231 million (1975) Major industries: fish processing, aluminum smelting, diatomite production, hydro-electricity Shortages: grain, fuel, wood, minerals, vegetable fibers Electric power: 493,000 kW capacity (1976); 2.5 billion kWh produced (1976), 11,736 kWh per capita Exports: $409 million (f.o.b., 1976); fish and fish products, animal products, aluminum, diatomite Imports: $470 million (c.i.f., 1976); machinery and transportation equipment, petroleum, foodstuffs, textiles Major trade partners: (1975) exports-U.S. 29%, EC 25%, U.S.S.R. 11%; imports-EC 45%, U.S. 9%, U.S.S.R. 10% Aid: economic-U.S. authorized (1949-73) $90.2 million, $1.2 million in FY72, $0.9 million in FY73; IBRD $30 million throu h S g eptember 1973 Budget: (1975) expenditures $315 million, milli on Monetary conversion rate: 153.7 kronur=US$1 (1975) Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none 182.2 kronur=US$1 (1976); Highways: 11,048 km; 7,896 km crushed stone (including lava) and gravel, 3,008 km unsurfaced roads and motorable tracks, 144 km concrete or paved Ports: 4 major (Akureyri, Hafnarfjordhur, Reykjavik, Seydhisfjordhur), and about 50 minor Civil air: 20 major transport aircraft registered Airfields: 126 total, 102 usable; 3 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runway 2,440-3,659 m, 11 with runways 1,220-2,439 m; 1 seaplane station Telecommunications: adequate domestic service, wire and radio communication system; 93,400 telephones; 80,000 radio and 55,000 TV receivers; 17 AM, 14 FM, and 80 TV stations; 2 coaxial submarine cables DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49 54 000 , , ; 49,000 fit for military service (Iceland has no conscription or compulsory military service) LAND INDIA 3,136,500 km2 (includes Indian part of Jammu-Kashmir, Sikkim, Goa, Damao and Diu); 50% arable, 5% permanent f inland water Land boundaries: 12,700 km2 Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 December 1968; archipelago concept baselines); 200 nm exclusive economic zone Coastline: 7,000 km (includes offshore islands) PEOPLE Population: 642,103,000, including Sikkim and the Indian-held part of disputed Jammu-Kashmir (July 1977), average annual growth rate 2.3% (current) Nationality: noun-Indian(s); adjective-Indian Ethnic divisions: 72% Indo-Aryan, 25% Dravidian, 3% Mongoloid and other Religion: 83.5% Hindu, 10.7% Muslim, 1.8% Sikh, 2.6% Christian, 0.7% Buddhist, 0.7% other Language: 24 languages spoken by a million or more persons each; numerous other languages and dialects, for the most part mutually unintelligible; Hindi is the national language and primary tongue of 30% of the people; English enjoys "associate" status but is the most important language for national, political, and commercial communication; Hindustani, a popular variant of Hindi/Urdu, is spoken widely throughout northern India Literacy: males 39%; females 18%; both sexes 29% (1971 census) Labor force: about 197 million; 70% agriculture, more than 10% unemployed and underemployed; shortage of skilled labor is significant and unemployment is rising Organized labor: about 2.5% of total labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of India Type: federal republic Capital: New Delhi Political subdivisions: 22 states, 9 union territories Legal system: based on English common law; constitution adopted 1950; limited judicial review of legislative acts; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations Branches: parliamentary government, national and state; relatively independent judiciary Government leader: Prime Minister Morarji Desai Suffrage: universal over age 21 Elections: national and state elections ordinarily held every 5 years; may be postponed in emergency and may be held more frequently if government loses confidence vote; postponed general election due in March 1977, held in March 1977; most state elections must be held no later than March 1978 Political parties and leaders: Indian National Congress, controlled national government from independence to March 1977, parliamentary leader is Y. B. Charan, party president is Swaran Singh; Janata Party (a merger of 4 pre- 1977 election parties) led by Prime Minister Desai and General Secretary Surendra Mohan; Congress for Democ- racy (CFD), a breakaway faction of the Congress Party which is in coalition with the Janata party, led by Jagjiuan Ram; Communist Party of India (CPI), C. Rajeswara Rao, general secretary; Communist Party of India/Marxist (CPI/M), P. Sunderaya, general secretary; Communist Party of India/Marxist-Leninist (CPI/ML); Anna Dravida Munne- tra Kazhagam (ADMK), a regional party in Tamil Nadu led by M. G. Ramachandran; Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK), N. Karunanidhi, president, opposes ADMK; Akali Dal representing Sikh religious community in the Punjab Voting strength (1977 election): 43.17% Janata and CFD, 34.54% Congress, 4.30% CPI/M, 2.82% CPI, 15.17% regional parties and others Communists: 90,000 members of CPI (est.), 85,000 members of CPI/M (est.); Communist sympathizers, 13 million Other political or pressure groups: various separatist groups seeking reorganization of states; numerous "senas" or militant/chauvinistic organizations, including Shiv Sena and Dalit Panthers in Bombay, the Anand Marg, and the Rashtriya Swayamserak Sangh Member of: ADB, AIOEC, Colombo Plan, Common- wealth, FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, IDA, IFC, IHO, ILO, International Lead and Zinc Study Group, IMCO, IMF, IPU, ITC, ITU, IWC-International Wheat Council, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO, WSG ECONOMY GNP: $73 billion (FY76, in 1976 prices), $117 per capita; real growth 3.2% (FY70-76), 9.0% in FY76 Agriculture; main crops-rice, other cereals, pulses, oilseeds, cotton, jute, sugarcane, tobacco, tea, and coffee; must import foodgrains; caloric intake is low and diet is deficient in protein Fishing: catch 2.4 million metric tons (FY75); exports $85 million (FY73), imports $2 million Major industries: textiles, food processing, steel, machin- ery, transportation equipment, cement, jute manufactures Crude steel: 7.2 million metric tons produced (FY75) Electric power: 22,700,000 kW capacity (1976); 93.5 billion kWh produced (1976), 148 kWh per capita Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 Exports: $4.5 billion (f.o.b., FY76); tea, jute manufactures, iron ore, cotton textiles, leather and leather products, sugar Imports: $5.8 billion (c.i.f., FY76); machinery and transport equipment, petroleum, iron and steel, grains and flour, fertilizers Major trade partners: U.S., U.K., U.S.S.R. and Eastern Europe, Japan, Iran Budget: (FY77) revenue expenditures $8.5 billion, capital expenditures $5.8 billion Monetary conversion rate: 9.0 rupees=US$1 (August 1976) Fiscal year: fiscal year ends 31 March of stated year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 61,313 km; 25,550 km meter gage (1.00 m), 30,041 km broad gage (1.676 m), 4,476 km narrow gage (0.762 in and 0.610 m), government owned; 46 km meter gage (1.00 m), 855 km broad gage (1.676 m), 345 km narrow gage (0.762 in and 0.610 m), privately owned; 12,304 km double track; 10,160 km electrified Highways: 1,327,000 km; 415,000 km paved, 190,442 km gravel or crushed stone, 304,895 km improved earth, 416,663 km unimproved earth Inland waterways: 14,300 km; 2,575 km navigable by river steamers Pipelines: crude oil, 1,432 km; refined products, 2,020 km; natural gas, 359 km Ports: 8 major, 80 minor Civil air: 93 major transport aircraft Airfields: 356 total, 341 usable; 189 with permanent- surface runways; 2 with runways over 3,660 in, 52 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 121 with runways 1,220-2,439 in Telecommunications: fair domestic telephone service where available, good internal microwave links; telegraph facilities widespread; AM broadcast adequate; international radio communications adequate; 1,816,900 telephones; 14,100,000 radio and 162,000 TV sets; about 172 AM stations at 80 locations, 7 TV stations, 2 earth satellite stations; submarine cables extend to Malaysia, Sri Lanka, and Aden DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 153,307,000; 90,220,000 fit for military service; about 7,132,000 reach military age (17) annually Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 March 1978, $3.1 billion; 18% of central government budget INDONESIA LAND 1,906,240 km2; 12% small holdings and estates, 64% forests, 24% inland water, waste, urban, and other Land boundaries: 2,736 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): under an archi- pelago theory, claim is 12 nm, measured seaward from straight baselines connecting the outermost islands Coastline: 54,716 km PEOPLE Population: 137,470,000, including East Timor and West Irian (July 1977), average annual growth rate 2.3% (current) Nationality: noun-Indonesian(s); adjective-Indonesian Ethnic divisions: 45% Javanese, 14% Sundanese, 7.5% Madurese, 7.5% Coastal Malays, 26% other Religion: 85% Muslim, 9% Christian, 2% Buddhist, 2% Hindu, 2% other Language: Indonesian (modified form of Malay) official; English, and Dutch leading foreign languages Literacy: 60% (est.); 72% in 6-16 age group Labor force: 44 million; 70% agriculture, 15% industry, 15% miscellaneous and unemployed Organized labor: 10% of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Indonesia Type: republic Capital: Jakarta Political subdivisions: 27 first-level administrative subdi- visions or provinces which are further subdivided into 282 second-level areas Legal system: based on Roman-Dutch law, substantially modified by indigenous concepts; constitution of 1945 is legal basis of government; legal education at University of Indonesia, Jakarta; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: executive headed by President who is chief of state and head of cabinet; cabinet selected by President; unicameral legislature (Parliament), of 460 members (100 appointed, 360 elected); second and larger body (Congress) of 920 members and includes the legislature and 460 other members (chosen by several processes, but not directly 92 Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 elected) elects President and Vice President, and theoreti- cally determines national policy Government leader: President Suharto (elected by Congress, March 1973) Suffrage: universal over age 17 and married persons regardless of age Political parties and leaders: Golkar (quasi-official "party" based on functional groups), Amir Moertono; Indonesian Democratic Party (federation of former Nation- alist and Christian parties), Mohammed Isnaeni; Unity Development Party (federation of former Islamic parties), Idham Chalid Voting strength (1971 election): Golkar 236 seats, Indonesian Democratic 30, Unity Development 94 Communists: Communist Party (PKI) was officially banned in March 1966; current strength est. at 1,000, with less than 10% engaged in organized activity; pre-October 1965 hard-core membership has been estimated at 1.5 million Member of: ADB, ANRPC, ASEAN, CIPEC, ESCAP, FAO, IAEA, IBA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, IHO, ILO, IMCO, IMF, IPU, ISO, ITC, ITU, OPEC, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GNP: $28.1 billion (1975, current prices), about $210 per capita; real average annual growth (1970-75), 7.1% Agriculture: subsistence food production, and smallholder and plantation production for export; main crops-rice, rubber, copra, other tropical products; food shortage-rice, wheat Fishing: catch 1.4 million tons (1975); exports $88 million (1975), imports $2 million (1975) Major industries: processing agricultural products and petroleum, textiles, mining Electric power: 1,820,000 kW capacity (1976); 5.6 billion kWh produced (1976), 42 kWh per capita Exports: $8,000 million (f.o.b., 1976); timber, rubber, tin, copra, tea, coffee, tobacco, palm oil; petroleum, $5,900 million (460 million bbls) (1976) Imports: $5,500 million (f.o.b., 1976); rice, other food- stuffs, textiles, chemicals, iron and steel products, machin- ery, transport equipment, consumer durables Major trade partners: exports (1976)-29% U.S., 41% Japan, 8% Singapore; imports-19% U.S., 31% Japan, 9% West Germany Budget: (1977-78) expenditures $10.2 billion; 49% cur- rent, 51% development expenditures; planned receipts $10.2 billion Monetary conversion rate: 415 rupiah=US$1 Fiscal year: 1 April-31 March COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 7,863 km; 7,246 km 1.067-meter gage, 525 km 0.750-meter gage, 92 km 0.600-meter gage; 211 km double track; 101 km electrified; government owned Highways: 92,473 km; 20,278 km paved, 40,555 km gravel or crushed stone, 31,640 km improved or unimproved earth Inland waterways: 21,579 km; Sumatra 5,471 km, Java and Madura 820 km, Borneo 10,460 km, Celebes 241 km, and Irian Barat 4,587 km Ports: 10 major, 63 minor Civil air: approximately 100 major transport aircraft Airfields: 369 total, 341 usable; 57 with permanent- surface runways; 9 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 68 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: interisland microwave system and HF police net; domestic service poor, international service good; radiobroadcast coverage good; 305,450 telephones; 5 million radio and 300,000 TV sets; 150 AM, 1 FM, and 13 TV stations; 1 international ground satellite station (1 Indian Ocean antenna and 1 Pacific Ocean antenna), and 40 domestic ground satellite stations DEFENSE FO]RCES Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 March 1978, $1.5 billion; about 14.8% of central government budget TURKEY $AIJIII ARABIA Arabian QMAN - Sea LAND 1,647,240 km"; 14% agricultural, 11% forested, 16% cultivable with adequate irrigation, 51% desert, waste, or urban, 8% migratory grazing and other Land boundaries: 5,318 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm (fishing, 50 nm) Coastline: 3,180 km, including islands, 676 km PEOPLE Population: 34,942,000 (July 1977), average annual growth rate 2.9% (7-70 to 7-75) Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 Nationality: noun-Iranian(s); adjective-Iranian Ethnic divisions: 63% Ethnic Persians, 3% Kurds, 13% other Iranian, 18% Turkic, 3% Arab and other Semitic, 1% other Religion: 93% Shia Muslim; 5% Sunni Muslim; 2% Zoroastrians, Jews, Christians and Baha'is Language: Farsi (Persian), Turkish dialects, Kurdish, Arabic Literacy: about 37% of those 7 years of age and older (1976 est.) Labor force: 10.1 million est. 1976; 36% agriculture, 21% manufacturing; shortage of skilled labor substantial GOVERNMENT Legal name: Empire of Iran Type: constitutional monarchy, controlled by the Shah Capital: Tehran Political subdivisions: 23 provinces, subdivided into districts, sub-districts, counties, and villages Legal system: based largely on French law, with elements drawn from other continental systems; personal law based on Islamic practice generally with residual traces of Roman law; constitution adopted 1906 and constitutional law of 1907; High Court of Appeal may judge disputes relating to government departments acting according to law; legal education at University of Teheran; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: executive power rests in Shah who appoints a Prime Minister; Prime Minister must be approved by lower house (Majlis); while Cabinet theoretically responsibility of Prime Minister, Shah usually exerts strong influence over its selection; bicameral legislature; Majlis has 268 members elected to 4-year terms, and Senate 60 members serving 4-year teems; half of Senate members appointed by Shah, other half elected; no provision for judicial review of constitutionality of legislative acts Government leaders: Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi and Prime Minister Amir Abas Hoveyda Suffrage: universal over age 20 Elections: Majlis every 4 years; Senate every 4 years; latest national elections June 1975, last district and municipal October 1976 Political parties and leaders: a single party system, designated The Resurgence Party of the People of Iran (RPPI) with Prime Minister Amir Abbas Hoveyda as Secretary-General, was formed by Shah in March 1975; all other political parties disbanded Voting strength: all candidates government approved and members of the RPPI Communists: 1,000-2,000 (hard-core, est.); sympathizers (15,000-20,000 est.); mostly pro-U.S.S.R. but pro-Chinese faction developing Other political or pressure groups: Tudeh Party (Com- munist, illegal); National Front (coalition of neutralist urban elements virtually discredited because of opposition to Shah's reform program); Confederation of Iranian Students (illegal) Member of: CENTO, Colombo Plan, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, IDA, IFC, IHO, ILO, IMCO, IMF, IPU, ITU, OPEC, RCD, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WMO, W SG ECONOMY GNP: $66 billion (1976), $1,900 per capita; recent real GNP growth, 13.3% (1970-76) Agriculture: wheat, barley, rice, sugar beets, cotton, dates, raisins, tea, tobacco, sheep, and goats Major industries: crude oil production (2,147 million bbls in 1976) and refining, textiles, cement and other building materials, food processing (particularly sugar refining and vegetable oil production), metal fabricating Electric power: 6,250,000 kW capacity (1976); 20 billion kWh produced (1976), 589 kWh per capita Exports: $23.0 billion (f.o.b., 1976); 97% petroleum; also carpets, raw cotton, fruits, and nuts, hide and leather items, ores Imports: $13.1 billion (f.o.b., 1976); machinery, iron and steel products, chemicals, pharmaceuticals, electrical equip- ment, agricultural products Major trade partners: exports-U.S., Japan, West Ger- many, U.S. S.R. and other Communist countries; imports- U.S., West Germany, Japan, U.K., U.S.S.R. Budget: (FY77-78) $50.1 billion Monetary conversion rate: 70.6 rials=US$1 Fiscal year: 21 March-20 March COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 4,509 km standard gage (1.435 m), 92 km 1.676-meter gage Highways: 43,442 km; 12,060 km bituminous and bituminous treated, 22,920 km gravel and crushed stone, 8,462 km improved earth Inland waterways: 904 km, excluding the Caspian Sea, 104 km on the Shatt al Arab Pipelines: crude oil, 2,639 km; refined products, 3,597 km; natural gas, 2,317 km Ports: 7 major, 6 minor Civil air: 36 major transport aircraft Airfields: 174 total, 162 usable; 65 with permanent- surface runways; 14 with runways over 3,660 m, 16 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 62 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: most advanced system in the Middle East of high-capacity radio-relay links, open-wire lines, cables, and tropospheric links; principal center Tehran, secondary centers Isfahan, Meshed, and Tabriz; 805,600 telephones; 2.1 million radio and 1.7 million TV receivers; 35 AM, 2 FM, and 67 TV stations; 1 satellite station with Atlantic Ocean and Indian Ocean antennas 94 Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 8,084,000; 4,789,000 fit for military service; about 350,000 reach military age (21) annually Military budget: for fiscal year ending 20 March 1977, $10,150,310,000; 34.9% of central government budget IRAQ _Ptlt a YRI Baghda IRAQ 8AJ14RAI1k in July 1973 (Kurds invited to join National Front government but have refused pending solution of Kurdish autonomy issue; Communists play nominal role in govern- ment) Capital: Baghdad Political subdivisions: 18 provinces under centrally appointed officials Legal system: based on Islamic law in special religious courts, civil law system elsewhere; provisional constitution adopted in 1968; judicial review was suspended; legal education at University of Baghdad; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: Ba'th Party of Iraq has been in power since 1968 coup Government leaders: President Ahmad Hasan al-Bakr; Deputy Chairman of the Revolutionary Command Council Saddam Hiasayn 'Abd-al-Majid al-Tikriti Suffrage: no elective bodies exist Elections: no national elections since overthrow of monarchy in 1958 Communists: Communist Party allowed token representa- tion in cabinet; est. 2,000 hard-core members Political or pressure groups: political parties banned, possibly some opposition to regime from disaffected members of the regime and army officers Member of: Arab League, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, ILO, IMF, ITU, OAPEC, OPEC, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WMO, WSG Caspian Sea LAND 445,480 kmz; 18% cultivated, 68% desert, waste, or urban, 10% seasonal and other grazing land, 4% forest and woodland Land boundaries: 3,668 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm Coastline: 58 km PEOPLE Population: 11,768,000 (July 1977), average annual growth rate 3.3% (10-74 to 10-75) Nationality: noun-Iraqi(s); adjective-Iraqi Ethnic divisions: 70.9% Arabs, 18.3% Kurds, 0.7% Assyrians, 2.4% Turkomans, 7.7% other Religion: 90% Muslim (50% Shiah Muslim, 40% Sunni Muslim), 8% Christian, 2% other Language: Arabic, Kurdish minority speaks Kurdish Literacy: 20% to 40% Labor force: 2.4 million; 70% agriculture, 6.5% industry, 6.7% government, 16.8% other; rural underemployment high, but not serious because low subsistence levels make it easy to care for unemployed; severe shortage of technically trained personnel Organized labor: 11% of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Iraq Type: republic; National Front Government consisting of Ba'th Party (BPI), and Iraq Communist Party (CPI) formed ECONOMY GNP: $16 billion (1976 est.), $1,390 per capita Agriculture: dates, wheat, barley, rice, livestock Major industry: crude petroleum (third largest producer in Middle East); 2.3 million b/d (1976); petroleum revenues for 1976, $8.9 billion Electric power: 1,564,000 kW capacity (1976); 4.5 billion kWh produced (1976), 395 kWh per capita Exports: $9.1 billion (f.o.b., 1976 est.); net receipts from oil, $8.0 billion; non-oil, $300 million est. Imports: $5.1 billion (f.o.b., 1975 est.); 26% from Communist countries (1973) Major trade partners: exports-U.S. 2%, Italy 22%, France 19%, Netherlands 6%, U.K. 4%; imports-U.S. 5.6%, U.K. 8.5%, U.S.S.R. 8.8%, France 8.4%, Japan 6.7%, Brazil 5.9%, Czechoslovakia 5.5% (1973) Budget: $9 billion (FY77), actual estimated Monetary conversion rate: 1 Iraqi dinar=US$3.37 (end of December 1976) Fiscal year: 1 January-31 December COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 1,700 km; 1,123 km standard gage (1.435 m), 577 km meter gage (1.00 m); 16 km meter gage double track Highways: 20,791 km; 6,490 km paved, 4,645 km improved earth, 9,656 km unimproved earth Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 Inland waterways: 1,015 km; Shatt al Arab navigable by maritime traffic for about 104 km; Tigris and Euphrates navigable by shallow-draft steamers Ports: 3 major (Basra, Umm Qasr, Al Faw) Pipelines: crude oil, 3,821 km; 585 km refined products; 1,360 km natural gas Civil air: 17 major transport aircraft Airfields: 78 total, 70 usable; 23 with permanent-surface runways; 41 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 17 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: network consists of open-wire lines, radio-relay links, and radiocommunication stations; 184,900 telephones; 1.28 million radio receivers; 357,000 TV receivers; 9 AM, no FM and 10 TV stations; 1 satellite station with Atlantic Ocean and Indian Ocean antennas DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 2,642,000; 1,478,000 fit for military service; about 118,000 reach military age (18) annually Military budget: est. for fiscal year ending 31 December 1976, $3,377,237,000; 33.7% of central government budget and 22.5% of est. GNP; no service allocation is available (dollar value converted from Iraqi dinars at official rate of 0.2961 dinars=US$1) LAND 68,894 km2; 17% arable, 51% meadows and pastures, 3% forested, 2% inland water, 27% waste and urban Land boundaries: 360 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 nm (fishing 200 nm) Coastline: 1,448 km PEOPLE Population: 3,174,000 (July 1977), average annual growth rate 0.7% (7-61 to 7-75) Nationality: noun-Irishman(men), Irish (collective pl.); adjective-Irish Ethnic divisions: racially homogeneous Celts Religion: 94% Roman Catholic, 4% Anglican, 2% other Language: English and Gaelic official; English is gen- erally spoken Literacy: 98%-99% Labor force: about 1,134,000 (1971); 26% agriculture, forestry, fishing; 19% manufacturing; 15% commerce; 7% construction; 5% transportation; 4% government; 24% other; 9.8% unemployment (February 1976) Organized labor: 36% of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Ireland, Eire (Gaelic) Type: republic Capital: Dublin Political subdivisions: 26 counties Legal system: based on English common law, substan- tially modified by indigenous concepts; constitution adopted 1937; judicial review of legislative acts in Supreme Court; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: elected President; bicameral parliament re- flecting proportional and vocational representation; judici- ary appointed by President on advice of government Government leaders: President Patrick Hillery; Prime Minister (Taoiseach) John (Jack) Lynch; Deputy Prime Minister (Tanaiste) George Colley Suffrage: universal over age 18 Elections: Dail (lower house) elected every 5 years-last election June 1977; President elected for 7-year term-last election November 1976 Political parties and leaders: Fianna Fail, John (Jack) Lynch; Labor Party, Frank Cluskey; Fine Gael, Garret Fitzgerald; Communist Party of Ireland, Michael O'Riordan Voting strength: (1977 election) Fianna Fail (84 seats), Fine Gael (43 seats), Labor Party (17 seats), Independents hold 4 seats Communists: approximately 600 Member of: Council of Europe, EC, EEC, ESRO (observer), EURATOM, FAO, GATT, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IEA, IFC, ILO, IMCO, IMF, IPU, ISO, ITC, ITU, IWC- International Wheat Council, OECD, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO, WSG ECONOMY GNP: $8.0 billion (1976 est.), $2,512 per capita; 65.7% consumption, 22.6% investment, 19.6% government, -0.2% inventories; -8.1% net export of goods and services; 1970-76 (inclusive) real growth rate, average 2.8% Agriculture: 70% of agricultural area used for permanent hay and pasture; main products-livestock and dairy 96 Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 products, barley, potatoes, sugar beets, wheat; 85% self -suffi- cient; food shortages-grains, fruits, vegetables; caloric intake 3,510 calories per day per capita (1970) Fishing: catch 89,500 metric tons (1974); exports of fish and fish products $29.6 million (1974), imports of fish and fish products $11.3 million (1974) Major industries: food products, brewing, textiles and clothing, machinery and transportation equipment Shortages: coal, petroleum, timber and woodpulp, steel and nonferrous metals, fertilizers, cereals and animal feeds, textile fibers and textiles Crude steel: 85,000 metric tons produced in 1975, 30 kg per capita Electric power: 2,387,000 kW capacity (1976); 9.8 billion kWh produced (1976), 3,148 kWh per capita Exports: $3,353.6 million (f.o.b., 1976); live animals, meat, dairy products, machinery, clothing, chemicals Imports: $4,212.5 million (c.i.f., 1976); petroleum and petrol products, chemicals, machinery, cereals Major trade partners: U.K., 49.2% of total (1976) Aid: economic-U.S., $200 million authorized (FY49-75); IBRD, $122 million authorized (FY64-75); EC Common Borrowing Facility, $300 million Budget: (1977 projected) 2,029 million pounds expendi- tures, 1,811 million pounds revenues, 218 million pounds deficit, public sector borrowing requirement 573 million pounds Monetary conversion rate: 1 Irish pound=US$1.8061 (1976) Fiscal year: 1 April-31 March COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 2,189 km 1.600-meter gage, government- owned Highways: 88,302 km; 78,616 km surfaced, 9,686 km earth Inland waterways: approximately 1,000 km Ports: 6 major, 38 minor Civil air: 18 major transport aircraft Airfields: 38 total, 38 usable; 8 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runway 2,440-3,659 m, 4 with runways 1,220-2,439 m; 1 seaplane station Telecommunications: small, modern system; all cities interconnected for telephone and telegraph service; 444,000 telephones; 900,000 radio sets receivers; 637,000 TV receivers; 6 AM, 7 FM, and 28 TV stations; 4 coaxial submarine cables DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 739,000; 579,000 fit for military service; about 29,000 reach military age (17) annually Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 March 1977, $144.8 million; about 5.7% of the central government budget Mediterranean Sea LEBANO ISRAEL/L Jer ' m rJDR1~AN EGP7 Red Sea SAuv AHA8IA NOTE: The Arab territories occupied since the 1967 war are not included in the data below unless so indicated. LAND 20,720 km' (excluding about 64,750 km' of occupied territory in Jordan, Egypt, and Syria); 20% cultivated, 40% pastureland and meadows, 4% forested, 4% desert, waste, or urban, 3% inland water, 29% unsurveyed Land boundaries: 1,036 km (prior to 1967 war); including occupied areas, approximately 1,050 km (1977) WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 6 nm Coastline: 27,3 km (prior to 1967 war); including occupied areas, approximately 848 km (1977) PEOPLE Population: 3,573,000, excluding occupied territories, East Jerusalem, and the other occupied territories (July 1977), average annual growth rate 2.7% (7-75 to 7-76) Nationality: noun-Israeli(s); adjective-Israel Ethnic divisions: 85% Jews, 15% non-Jews (mostly Arabs) Religion: 85% Judaism, 11% Islam, 4% Christian and other Language: Hebrew official; Arabic used officially for Arab minority; English most commonly used foreign language Literacy: 88% Jews, 48% Arabs Labor force: 1,133,000; 6.5% agriculture, forestry and fishing; 25.3% manufacturing (mining, industry); 0.9% electricity and water; 8.1% construction and public works; 12.2% commerce; 7.7% transport, storage, and communica- tions; 6.5% finance and business; 26.1% public services; 6.7% personal and other services (1974) Organized labor: 90% of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name; State of Israel Type: republic Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 July 1977 Capital: Jerusalem; not recognized by U.S. which ECONOMY maintains Embassy in Tel Aviv Political subdivisions: 6 administrative districts Legal system: mixture of English common law and, in personal area, Jewish, Christian and Muslim legal systems; commercial matters regulated substantially by codes adopted since 1948; no formal constitution; some of the functions of a constitution are filled by the Declaration of Establishment (1948), the basic laws of the Knesset (legislature) relating to the Knesset, Israeli lands, the president, the government and the Israel citizenship law; no judicial review of legislative acts; legal education at Hebrew University in Jerusalem; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations Branches: President Ephraim Katzir has largely ceremo- nial functions; executive power vested in cabinet; unicam- eral parliament (Knesser) of 120 members elected under a system of proportional representation; legislation provides fundamental laws in absence of a written constitution; 2 distinct court systems (secular and religious) Government leader: Prime Minister Menachem Begin Suffrage: universal over age 18 Elections: held every 4 years unless required by dissolution of Knesset; last election held in May 1977 Principal political parties and leaders: Herut, Prime Minister Menachem Begin, Defense Minister Ezer Weiz- man; Liberal Party, Finance Minister Simcha Ehrlich; La'am, Yigal Hurvitz; (Likud is a coalition formed of Herut, Liberals and La'am); National Religious Party, Joseph Burg, Zevulun Hammer; Democratic Movement for Change,Yi- gael Yadin, Shmuel Tamir, Meir Amit; Israel Labor Party, Shimon Peres, Yitzhak Rabin, Yigal Allon; SHELLI, Arieh Eliav Voting strength: Likud 45 seats; National Religious Party 12 seats; Orthodox Augudat parties 5 seats; Samuel Flatto- Sharon 1 seat; Moshe Dayan 1 seat; Labor Party-MAPAM- Arab List Alignment 32 seats; Democratic Movement for Change 15 seats; Independent Liberal Party 1 seat; Citizens Rights Movement 1 seat; RAKAH 5 seats; SHELLI 2 seats Communists: RAKAH (predominantly Arab but with Jews in its leadership) has some 1,500 members; the Jewish Communist Party, MAKI, is now part of Moked, which is a far-left Zionist party Other political or pressure groups: right-wing Jewish Defense League led by Rabbi Meir Kahane; Black Panthers, a loosely organized youth group seeking more benefits for oriental Jews; Gush Emunim, Jewish religious zealots pushing for freedom for Jews to settle anywhere on the West Bank Member of: FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, IDA, IFC, ILO, IMCO, IMF, IOOC, IPU, ITU, IWC- International Wheat Council, OAS (observer), U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO, WSG GNP: $12.1 billion (1976, in 1976 prices), $3,431 per capita (converted to dollars at 7.95 Israeli pounds=US$1); 1976 growth of real GNP -2.0% Agriculture: main products-citrus and other fruits, vegetables, beef and dairy products, poultry products Major industries: food processing, diamond cutting and polishing, textiles and clothing, chemicals, metal products, transport equipment, electrical equipment, miscellaneous machinery, rubber and plastic products, potash mining Electric power: 2,200,000 kW capacity (1976); 11 billion kWh produced (1976), 3,144 kWh per capita Exports: $2.3 billion (f.o.b., 1976); major items-polished diamonds, citrus and other fruits, textiles and clothing, processed foods, fertilizer and chemical products; tourism is leading foreign exchange earner Imports: $3.9 billion (c.i.f., 1976); major items-rough diamonds, chemicals, machinery, iron and steel, cereals, textiles, vehicles, ships, and aircraft Major trade partners: exports-EC, U.S., U.K., Japan, Hong Kong, Switzerland; imports-EC, U.S., U.K., Switzer- land, Japan Budget: FY ending 31 March 1977-$12 billion (con- verted at 7.1 Israeli pounds=US$1) Monetary conversion rate: 9.12 Israeli pounds=US$1 (April 1977, changes almost monthly); par value protected by a system of export subsidies and import duties and by legal restrictions on conversion Fiscal year: 1 April-31 March COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 767 km standard gage (1.435 m) Highways: 11,000 km paved roads, remainder unknown Pipelines: crude oil, 708 km; refined products, 290 km; natural gas, 89 km Ports: 3 major (Haifa, Ashdod, Elat), 5 minor Airfields: 55 total, 48 usable; 20 with permanent-surface runways; 5 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 9 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Civil air: 24 major transport aircraft Telecommunications: second to Iran, the most modern and highly developed in the Middle East; 796,348 tele- phones; 459,000 radio and 590,000 TV receivers; 33 TV, 14 AM, and 10 FM stations; 1 submarine cable; 1 Atlantic Ocean satellite station Military manpower: Jewish males 15-49, 760,000; 655,000 fit for military service; average number of Jews reaching military age (18) annually-30,000 males, 30,000 females; both sexes liable for military service Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 March 1977, $4,271,551,000; about 39.6% of central government budget 98 Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 July 1977 ITALY LAND 301,217 km'; 50% cultivated, 17% meadow and pasture, 21% forest, 3% unused but potentially productive, 9% waste or urban Land boundaries: 1,702 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm Coastline: 4,996 km PEOPLE Population: 56,559,000 (July 1977), 07' (1-66 to 1-76) t o average annual Adige, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, and Valle d'Aosta) have been functioning for some time and the remaining 15 regions were instituted on 1 April 1972; 94 provinces Legal system: based on civil law system, with ecclesiasti- cal law influence; constitution came into effect 1 January 1948; judicial review under certain conditions in Constitu- tional Court; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: executive-President empowered to dissolve Parliament and call national election; he is also Commander of the Armed Forces and presides over the Supreme Defense Council; otherwise, authority to govern invested in Council of Ministers; legislative power invested in bicameral, popularly elected Parliament; Italy has an independent judicial establishment Government leaders: President Giovanni Leone; Premier Guilio Andreotti Suffrage: universal over age 18 (except in Senatorial elections where minimum age of voter is 25) Elections: national elections for Parliament held every 5 years (most recent, June 1976); provincial and municipal elections held every 5 years with some out of phase; regional elections every 5 years (held June 1975) Political parties and leaders: Christian Democratic Party (DC), Benigno Zaccagnini (secretary general), Aldo Moro (party president); Communist Party (PCI), Enrico Berlin- guer (secretary general), Luigi Longo (party president); Pietro eneral) r t , y g a Socialist Party (PSI), Bettino Craxi (secre Nenni (party president); Social Democratic Party (PSDI), Pierluigi Romita (secretary general); Liberal Party (PLI), Valerio Zanone (party secretary); Italian Social Movement (MSI), Giorgio Almirante; Republican Party (PRI), president) Biasini (party secretary); Ugo La Malfa (party Presid Voting strength (1978 election): 38.7% DC, 34.4% PCI, 9.6% PSI, 6.1% MSI, 3.4% PSDI, 3.1% PRI, 1.3% PLI, 3.4% other Communists: 1,814,262 members (as of the end of 1976) Other political or pressure groups: the Vatican; three major trade union confederations (CGIL-Communist dominated, CISL-Christian Democratic, and UIL-Social Democratic, Socialist, and Republican); Italian manufactur- ers association (Confindustria); organized farm groups Member of: ADB, ASSIMER, Council of Europe, D , AC EC, ECOWAS, ECSC, EEC, EIB, ELDO, EURATOM, FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, IDA, IEA, IFC, IHO, ILO, International Lead and Zinc Study Group, IMCO, IMF, IOOC, IPU, ITU, NATO, OAS (observer), OECD, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WEU, WHO, WMO, WSG e . , growth ra Nationality: noun-Italian(s); adjective-Italian Ethnic divisions: primarily Italian but population in- cludes small clusters of German ,French ,and Slovene Ital nominally Albanian-Italians 1Catholic (de ians Religion: almost and of facto state religion) Language: Italian; parts of Trentino-Alto Adige Region (e.g., Bolzano) are predominantly German speaking; signifi- cant French-speaking minority in Valle d'Aosta Region; Slovene-speaking minority in the Trieste-Gorizia area Literacy: 5%-7% of population illiterate (1972); illiteracy varies widely by region Labor force: 19,549,000 (January 1975); 15.0% agricul- ture, 42.9% industry, 39.0% other; 3.3% unemployment (1975), 5.6% if underemployed (those working less than 33-hour workweek) are included; 1.5 million Italians employed in other Western European countries organized labor: 20% (est.) of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Italian Republic Type: republic Capital: Rome Political subdivisions: constitution provides for establish ment of 20 regions; 5 (Sicilia, Sardegna, Trentino-Alto ECONOMY r capita; 74.9% GDP: $1171 billion (1976), $3,074 pe private consumption, 20.2% gross fixed investment, 13.9% government, net foreign balance - 2.8%; 1973 growth rate 6.3%, 1974 growth rate 3.4%, 1976 growth rate 5.6% (1970 constant prices) Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 ITALY/IVORY COAST Agriculture: important producer of f July 1977 main crops-cereals, potatoes, olives; r95U Ls % and s gfetables; and a eco em l nico tions: well engineered, well constructed, y operated; 14.8 million telephones; 13.7 food shortages-fats, meat, fish, and eggs; caloric intake, million radio and 12.6 million TV receivers; 102 AM, 658 3,100 calories per capita (1970) Fishing: catch 405,676 metric tons (1975), $336 million cFM, and 892 TV 11 coaxial su bmarine cables; 4 ommunication at llitengro nd stations (1973); exports $46 million (1976), imports $352 million (1976) DEFENSE FORCES Major industries: machinery and transportation equip- Military manpower: males 15-49, 13,986,000; 11,719,000 ment, iron and steel, chemicals, food processing, textiles an for military service; 442,000 reach military age (18) Scoal, fminerals annually Shortages: hordt steel: 234 million fuels, metric tons produced (1976), Military budget: 423 per capita propose o for fiscal year ending 31 Decrmbgo 1977, $4.b5 billion; about 7.7% of proposed Electric power: 51,223,000 kW capacity central government budget 1-11; k (1976) 199 ion Wn produced (1976), 3,537 kWh per capita Exports: $37.1 billion (f.o.b., 1976); principal items- machinery and transport equipment, textiles, foodstuffs., chemicals, footwear Imports: $43.6 billion (c.i.f., 1976); principal items- machinery and transport equipment, foodstuffs, ferrous and nonferrous metals, wool, cotton, petroleum Major trade partners: (1976) 45.5% EC-nine (18% West Germany, 14% France, 4% Netherlands, 4% U.K., 3% Belgium-Luxembourg); 7% U.S.; 3% U.S.S.R. and 3% other Communist countries of Eastern Europe Aid: economic-U.S., $4,128 million (FY46-75), $78.2 million authorized FY73; IBRD, $398 million authorized through FY75, none since FY65; International Finance Corporation, $1 million authorized through FY75, none since FY60 ili ; m tary-U.S., $2,545 million (FY46-73), $11.6 million authorized in FY73 Monetary conversion rate: Smithsonian rate as of December 1973, 650.4 lira=US$1; average of Friday closing rates in 1976-832 lira=US$1 Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 20,690 km; 15,970 km government-owned standard gage (1.435 m), 7,850 km electrified; 4,720 km non-government owned, 2,507 km standard gage (1.435 m), 1,270 km electrified; 2,213 km narrow gage (0.950 m), 517 km electrified Highways: 286,400 km; autostrade 4,800 km, state highways 41,200 km, provincial highways 91,200 km, communal highways 149,200 km; 254,400 km concrete, bituminous, or stone block, 24,800 km gravel and crushed stone, 7,200 km earth Inland waterways: 2,500 km navigable routes Pipelines: crude oil, 1,770 km; refined products, 2,179 km; natural gas, 13,079 km Ports: 16 major, 22 significant minor Civil air: 136 major transport aircraft Airfields: 148 total, 148 usable; 83 with permanent- surface runways; 2 with runways over 3,660 in, 29 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 42 with runways 1,220-2,439 m; 11 seaplane stations IVORY COAST LAND 323,750 km2; 40% forest and woodland, 8% cultivated, 52% grazing, fallow, and waste, 200 mi. of lagoons and connecting canals along eastern coast Land boundaries: 3,227 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 6 nm (fishing 12 nm) Coastline: 515 km PEOPLE Population:average only 1977)7,161,000annua, residlent African population ly growth rate 3.3% (current) (Ju , Nationality: noun-Ivorian(s); adjective-Ivorian Ethnic divisions: 7 major indigenous ethnic groups; no single tribe more than 20% of population; most important are Agni, Baoule, Krou, Senoufou, Mandingo; approximately 1 million foreign Africans, mostly Upper Voltans; about 33,000 non-Africans (25,000 French) Religion: 66% animist, 22% Muslim, 12% Christian Language: French official, over 60 native dialects, Dioula most widely spoken 100 Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 Literacy: about 65% at primary school level Labor force: over 85% of population engaged in agriculture, forestry, livestock raising; about 11% of labor force are wage earners, nearly half in agriculture, remainder in government, industry, commerce, and professions Organized labor: 20% of wage labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Ivory Coast Type: republic, one-party presidential regime established 1960 Capital: Abidjan Political subdivisions: 24 departments subdivided into 127 subprefectures Legal system: based on French civil law system and customary law; constitution adopted 1960; judicial review in the Constitutional Chamber of the Supreme Court; legal education at Abidjan School of Law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: President has sweeping powers, unicameral legislature, separate judiciary Government leader: President Felix Houphouet-Boigny Suffrage: universal over age 21 Elections: uncontested Presidential and legislative elec- tions held in November 1975 for 5-year term Political parties and leaders: Parti Democratique de la Cote d`Ivoire (PDCI), (only party); official party leader is Secretary General Philippe Yace, but Houphouet-Boigny is in control Communists: no Communist party; possibly some sympathizers Member of: AFDB, CEAO, EAMA, ECA, ECOWAS, EIB (associate), Entente, FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, ILO, IMCO, IMF, IPU, ITU, Niger River Commission, OAU, OCAM, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GDP: $4.1 billion (1975 est.), $825 capita; average annual growth rate in constant prices, 3.1% (1970-75) Agriculture: commercial-coffee, cocoa, wood, bananas, pineapples, palm oil; food crops-corn, millet, yams, rice; other commodities-cotton, rubber, tobacco, fish; self-suffi- cient in most foodstuffs, but rice, sugar, and meat imported Fishing: catch 69,000 metric tons (1974) valued at $20.8 million; exports $12.0 million (1974), imports $23.8 million (1974) Major industries: food and lumber processing, oil refinery, automobile assembly plant, textiles, soap, flour mill, matches, three small shipyards, fertilizer plant, and battery factory Electric power: 525,000 kW capacity (1976); 1.2 billion kWh produced (1976), 173 kWh per capita Exports: $1.2 billion (f.o.b., 1975); coffee, tropical woods, cocoa, 70% of total; bananas, pineapples, palm oil Imports: $1.1 billion (c.i.f., 1975); about 40% consumer goods, 10% raw materials and fuels, about 50% manufac- tured goods and semi-finished products Major trade partners: France and other EC countries about 65%, U.S. 13%, Communist countries about 1% Aid: economic-France (1960-69), $312 million; EC through FY75, $203.2 million; U.S. (FY61-75), $140.1 million; others (1960-71), $76 million, including $18.5 million committed; no Communist aid programs; military- non-Communist countries (1954-67), $7.3 million Budget: 1976 est.-revenues $626 million, current expen- ditures $267 million, investment expenditures $247 million Monetary conversion rate: about 249.35 Communaute Financiere Africaine francs=US$1, February 1977 Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 657 km of the 1,173 km Abidjan to Ouagadou- gou, Upper Volta line, all single track meter gage (1.00 m); only diesel locomotives in use Highways: 44,250 km; 2,050 km bituminous and bitumi- nous-surface treatment; 42,200 km gravel, crushed stone, laterite, and improved earth Inland waterways: 740 km navigable rivers and numer- ous coastal lagoons Ports: 2 major (Abidjan, San Pedro), 3 minor Civil air: 16 major transport aircraft Airfields: 49 total, 47 usable; 3 with permanent-surface runways; 2 with runways 2,440-3,659 m; 7 with runways 1,220-2,439 m; 1 seaplane station Telecommunications: system only slightly above African average; consists of open-wire lines and radio relay links, which provide incomplete coverage of country; Abidjan is only center; 58,700 telephones; 210,000 radio and 102,000 TV receivers; 2 AM, 4 FM, and 6 TV stations; 1 submarine cable; 1 Atlantic Ocean satellite station DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 1,579,000; 820,000 fit for military service; 55,000 males reach military age (18) annually Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1976, $51,393,190; about 6.1% of total operating budget JAMAICA LAND 11,422 km'; 21% arable, 23% meadows and pastures, 19% forested, 37% waste, urban, or other WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm Coastline: 1,022 km Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 JAMAICA NEW INEA TUVALU UNITED" STATES NOTE: On October 1, 1975, by Constitutional Order, the Ellice Islands were formally separated from the British colony of Gilbert and Ellice Islands, thus forming the new colony of Tuvalu. The remaining islands in the former Gilbert and Ellice Islands Colony were renamed the Gilbert Islands. The new colony of Tuvalu includes the islands of Nanumanga, Nanumea, Nui, Niutao, Vaitupu, and those islands claimed by the United States: Funafuti, Nukufetau, Nukulailai, and Nurakita. LAND 26 kml 201 Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 WATER Limits of territorial waters: 3 nm Coastline: about 24 km PEOPLE Population: 6,000, preliminary total from census of 8 December 1973 Ethnic divisions: Polynesian Religion: Protestant Literacy: less than 50% GOVERNMENT Legal name: Tuvalu Type: British crown colony with a large measure of self-government Capital: Funafuti House of Assembly: eight members Chief minister: Toalipi Lauti Her Majesty's Commissioner (Governor): Thomas Layng ECONOMY See Gilbert Islands for economic data COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: 8 km gravel Inland waterways: none Ports: 1 minor Civil air: no major transport aircraft Airfields: 1 total; 1 usable with runway 1,220-2,439 m; 1 seaplane station Telecommunications: 1 AM station; about 300 tele- phones; 4,000 radio sets UGANDA , LAND 235,690 km2; 21% inland water and swamp, including territorial waters of Lake Victoria, about 21% cultivated, 13% national parks, forest, and game reserves, 45% forest, woodland, and grassland Land boundaries: 2,680 km PEOPLE Population: 12,352,000 (July 1977), average annual growth rate 3.4% (current) Nationality: noun-Ugandan(s); adjective-Ugandan Ethnic divisions: 99% African, 1% European, Asian, Arab Religion: about 60% nominally Christian, 5%-10% Mus- lim, rest animist Language: English official; Luganda and Swahili widely used; other Bantu and Nilotic languages Literacy: about 20%-40% Labor force: estimated 4.5 million, of which about 250,000 in paid labor, remaining in subsistence activities Organized labor: 125,000 union members GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Uganda Type: republic independent since October 1962 Capital: Kampala Political subdivisions: 10 provinces and 34 districts Legal system: based on English common law and customary law; constitution adopted 1967; present govern- ment rules despotically, has intimidated judicial officials and has made constitution of no consequence; legal education at Makerere University, Kampala; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations Branches: Field Marshall Amin rules by decree; assisted by Council of Ministers and Defense Council, a group of military officers Government leader: Field Marshall Idi Amin, President for life Suffrage: universal adult Elections: none scheduled by military government Political parties: none Communists: possibly a few sympathizers Member of: AFDB, Commonwealth, EAC, FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, IDA, IFC, ILO, IMF, ISO, ITU, OAU, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GDP: $1,700 million (1974, at current prices), $150 per capita; 0% real growth between 1970-74 Agriculture: main cash crops-coffee, cotton; other cash crops-tobacco, tea, sugar, fish, livestock Fishing: catch 167,500 metric tons (1974) million (1971) Major industries: agricultural processing (textiles, sugar, coffee, plywood, beer), cement, copper smelter, corrugated iron sheet, shoes, fertilizer Electric power: 175,000 kW capacity (1976); 788 million kWh produced (1976), 65 kWh per capita Exports: $244 million (f.o.b., 1975); coffee, cotton, tea, copper (1971) 202 Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 July 1977 UGANDA/U.S.S.R. Imports: $240 million (c.i.f., 1975); petroleum products, machinery, cotton piece goods, metals, transport equipment Major trade partners: U.K., U.S., Kenya Monetary conversion rate: 8.4 Uganda shillings=US$1 Fiscal year: 1 July-30 June COMMUNICATIONS track Railroads: 1,216 km, meter gage (1.00 m), single Highways: 25,330 km; 2,000 km bituminous surface treatment; 18,350 km crushed stone, gravel, and laterite; remainder earth roads and tracks (est.) Inland waterways: Lake Victoria, Lake Albert, Lake e Kyoga, Lake George, and Lake Edward (9,670 km); g River and Victoria Nile (610 km) Civil air: 10 major transport aircraft Airfields: 50 total, 48 usable; 5 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runway over 3,660 m, 3 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 12 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: telephone and telegraph services fair, intercity connections based on 3 or 12 channel carrier systems; 46,000 telephones; 275,000 radio and 70,400 TV receivers; 6 AM, no FM, and 6 TV stations DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, about 2,763,000; about 1,485,000 fit for military service U.S.S.R. PEOPLE Population: 259,002,000 (July 1977), average annual growth rate 0.9% (current) Nationality: noun-Soviet(s); adjective-Soviet Ethnic divisions: 74% Slavic, 26% among some 170 ethnic groups Religion: 70% atheist, 18% Russian Orthodox, 9% Muslim, 3% other Language: more than 200 languages and dialects (at least 18 with more than 1 million speakers); 76% Slavic group, 8% other Indo-European, 11% Altaic, 3% Uralian, 2% Caucasian Literacy: 98.5% of population (ages 9-49) Labor force: civilian 137 million (mid-year 1977), 25% agriculture, 75% industry and other non-agricultural fields, unemployed not reported, shortage of skilled labor reported GOVERNMENT Legal name: Union of Soviet Socialist Republics Type: Communist state Capital: Moscow Political subdivisions: 15 union republics, 20 autonomous republics, 6 krays, 121 oblasts, and 8 autonomous oblasts Legal system: civil law system as modified by Communist legal theory; constitution adopted 1936; no judicial review of legislative acts; legal education at 18 universities and diction institutes; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: Council of Ministers (executive), Supreme Soviet (legislative), Supreme Court of U.S.S.R. (judicial) Government leaders: Leonid I. Brezhnev, General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party; Aleksey N. Kosygin, Chairman of the Council of Ministers; Nikolay V. Podgornyy, Chairman of the Presid- ium of the U.S.S.R. Supreme Soviet Suffrage: universal over age 18; direct, equal Elections: to Supreme Soviet every 4 years; 1,517 deputies elected in 1974; 72.2% party members Political party: Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) only party permitted Voting strength (1974 election): 153,237,112 persons over 18; allegedly 99.98% voted Communists: over 16 million party members Other political or pressure groups: Komsomol, trade unions, and other organizations which facilitate Communist control Member of: CEMA, Geneva Disarmament Conference, IAEA, ICAC, ICAO, ILO, International Lead and Zinc Study Group, IMCO, IPU, ISO, ITC, ITU, IWC-Interna- tional Whaling Commission, IWC-International Wheat Council, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, Warsaw Pact, WHO, WMO, Universal Copyright Convention LAND 22,274,000 km2; 9.3% cultivated, 37.1% forest and brush, 2.6% urban, industrial, and transportation, 16.8% pasture and natural hay land, 34.2% desert, swamp, or waste Land boundaries: 20,619 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm (fishing 200 nm) Coastline: 46,670 km (incl. Sakhalin) ECONOMY GNP: $897.3 billion (1976, in 1975 U.S. prices), $3,400 per capita; in 1975 percentage shares were-57% consumption, Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 U.S.S.R./UNITED ARAB EMIRATES 29% investment, 14% government and other, including defense (based on 1970 GNP in rubles at adjusted factor cost); average annual rate of growth of real GNP (1971-76), 3.7% Agriculture: principal food crops-grain (especially wheat), potatoes; main industrial crops-sugar, cotton, sunflowers, and flax; degree of self-sufficiency depends on fluctuations in crop yields; given normal yields, U.S.S.R. is self-sufficient; caloric intake, 3,000-3,200 calories per day per capita in recent years Fishing: catch 10.3 million metric tons (1975); exports 491 thousand metric tons (1.975), imports 26.7 thousand metric tons (1975) Major industries: diversified, highly developed capital goods industries; consumer goods industries comparatively less developed Shortages: natural rubber, bauxite and alumina, tantalum, tin, tungsten and fluorspar Crude steel: 156 million metric ton capacity as of 1 January 1977; 145 million metric tons produced in 1976, 557 kg per capita Electric power: 227,500,000 kW capacity (1976); 1,109 billion kWh produced (1976), 4,317 kWh per capita Exports: $37,157 million (f.o.b., 1976); fuels (particularly petroleum and derivatives), metals, agricultural products (timber, grain), and a wide variety of manufactured goods (primarily capital goods) Imports: $38,139 million (f.o.b., 1976); specialized and complex machinery and equipment, textile fibers, consumer manufactures, steel products (particularly large diameter pipe), and any significant shortages in domestic production (for example, grain imported following poor domestic harve t ) s s Major trade partners: $75.3 billion (1976); trade 56% with Communist countries, 33% with industrialized West, and 11% ith l w ess developed countries Aid: economic-to non-Communist countries (total ex- tended 1976) $915 million; recipients included Syria $300 million, Algeria $290 million, Iraq $150 million; military- (total extended 1976) $2.5 billion; principal recipients were Iraq $1.2 billion, Peru $335 million. Official monetary conversion rate: 0.7461 rubles=US$1: 1 ruble=US $1.3403 (April 1977) Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 138,776 km; 136,943 km broad gage (1.524 m); 1,833 km narrow gage (mostly 0.750 m); 109,316 km broad gage single track; 90,294 km electrified; does not include industrial lines (1975) Highways: 1,426,580 km; 312,500 km paved; 371,400 km gravel, crushed stone; 762,930 km improved or unimproved earth (1975) Inland waterways: 144,300 km Caspian Sea (1977) navigable, exclusive of Pipelines: 85,500 km crude oil; 12,872 km refined products; 100,000 km natural gas Ports: 52 major (most important: Leningrad, Murmansk, Odessa, Novorossiysk, Ilichevsk, Vladivostok, Nakhodka, Arkhangel'sk, Riga, Tallinn, Kaliningrad, Liepaja, Ventspils, Nikolayev, Sevastopol); 116 selected minor (1977) Freight carried: rail-3,621 million metric tons, 3,236.5 billion metric ton/km (1975); highways-19.6 billion metric tons, 312.3 billion metric ton/km (1975); waterway-475 million metric tons, 221.7 billion metric ton/km, excluding Caspian Sea (1976) UNITED ARAB EMIRATES LAND 82,880 km2; almost all desert, waste or urban Land boundaries: 1,094 km (does not include boundaries between adjacent U.A.E. states) WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 nm for all states except Sharjah (12 nm) Coastline: 1,448 km PEOPLE Population: 656,000, preliminary total from the census of 29 A ugust 1975 Ethnic divisions: Arabs Pakistanis, and Indians 72%; others include Iranians, Religion: Muslim 96%, Christian, Language: Arabic Literacy: 25% est. (1975) Labor force: 203,000 (1975 est.); 85% in industry; 2% U.A.E. Arabs, 7% non-U.A.E. Arabs, 91% Indians, Pakistanis, Iranians Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 GOVERNMENT Legal name: United Arab Emirates (composed of former Trucial States) Member states: Abu Dhabi; Ajman; Dubai; Fujairah; Ras al-Khaimah; Sharjah; Umm al-Qaiwain Type: federation; constitution signed December 1971, which delegated specified powers to the United Arab Emirates central government and reserved other powers to member shaykdoms Capital: Abu Dhabi Legal system: secular codes are being introduced by the U.A.E. government and in several member shaykdoms; Islamic law remains very influential Branches: Supreme Council of Rulers (7 members), from which a President and Vice President are elected; Prime Minister and Council of Ministers; National Consultative Council; federal Supreme Court Government leaders: Shayk Zayid of Abu Dhabi, President; Shayk Rashid of Dubai, Vice President; Shayk Maktum of Dubai, Prime Minister Suffrage: none Elections: none Political or pressure tine groups are active groups: none; a few small clandes- Member of: Arab League, IBRD, ICAO, ILO, IMF, OAPEC, OPEC, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO ECONOMY Agriculture: food imported, but some dates, alfalfa, vegetables, fruit, tobacco raised Electric power: 700,000 kW capacity (1976); 1.4 billion kWh produced (1976), 7,861 kWh per capita Exports: $7.3 billion ($7.0 billion in oil, $0.3 billion non-oil) (f.o.b., 1976); crude petroleum, pearls, fish Imports: $3 billion (f.o.b., 1976); food, consumer and capital goods Major trade partners: U.K., U.S., Japan, India, EC Aid: 1974-75 foreign aid totaled $1 billion; the 1975-76 budget committed $875 million to direct foreign aid; Abu Dhabi Fund for Arab Economic and Social Development in 1975 lent $175 million to LDC's Budget: total budget (1976), $1 billion, 70% from Abu Dhabi Monetary conversion rate: 1 U.A.E. Dirham=US$0.25 Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: 780 km bituminous, undetermined mileage of earth tracks Pipelines: 282 km crude oil Ports: 3 major, 1 minor Civil air: 4 major transport aircraft Airfields: 56 total, 40 usable; 12 with permanent-surface runways; 3 with runways over 3,660 m, 1 with runway 2,440-3,659 m, 9 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: system is adequate; key centers are Abu Zaby and Dubayy; 44,300 telephones; 52,000 radio and 25,000 TV receivers; 4 AM, 2 FM, and 3 TV stations DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 43,000; 22,000 fit for military service UNITED KINGDOM A Mantic Ocean NOR North Sea London ~A _J (See reference map IV) LAND 243,978 km'; 30% arable, 50% meadow and pasture, 12% waste or urban, 7% forested, 1% inland water Land boundaries: 360 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 200 nm Coastline: 12,429 km PEOPLE Population: 55,992,000 (July 1977), average annual growth rate -0.1% (current) Nationality: noun-Briton(s), British (collective adjective-British Ethnic divisions: 83% English, 9% Scottish, 5% Welsh, 3% Irish Religion: 27.0 million Church of England, 5.3 million Roman Catholic, 2.0 million Presbyterians, 760,000 Method- ist, 450,000 Jews (registered) Language: English, Welsh (about 26% of population of Wales), Scottish form of Gaelic (about 100,000 in Scotland) Literacy: 98% to 99% Labor force: (1974) 25.6 million; 1.6% agriculture, 1.4% mining, 30.7% manufacturing, 6.2% government, 7.2% Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 transportation and utilities, 5.2% construction, 10.6% dis- tributive trades, 25.3% all services, 9.7% other; 2.1% unemployed Organized labor: 40% of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: United Northern Ireland Type: constitutional Capital: London Political subdivisions: 635 parliamentary constituencies Legal system: common law tradition with early Roman and modern continental influences; no judicial review of Acts of Parliament; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations Branches: legislative authority resides in Parliament; executive authority lies with collectively responsible cabinet led by Prime Minister; House of Lords is supreme judicial authority and highest court of appeal Government leader: Prime Minister James Suffrage: universal over age 18 Elections: at discretion of Prime Minister, but must be held before expiration of a 5-year electoral mandate; last election 10 October 1974 Political parties and leaders: Conservative, Margaret Thatcher; Labor, James Callaghan; Liberal, David Steel; Communist, Gordan McLennan; Scottish National, William Wolfe; Plaid Cymru, Phil Williams Voting strength (1974 election): Conservative 277 seats (35.9%); Labor 319 seats (39.3%); Liberal 13 seats (18.3%); Scottish National 11 seats (2.8%); Plaid Cymru 3 seats (0.6%); other 12 seats (3.2%) Communists: 29,000 Other political or pressure groups: Trades Union Congress, Confederation of British Industry, National Farmers' Union Member of: ADB, CENTO, Colombo Plan, Council of Europe, DAC, EC, EEC, ELDO, ESRO, EURATOM, FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, IDA, IEA, IFC, IHO, [LO, International Lead and Zinc Study Group, IMCO, IMF, IOOC, IPU, ISO, ITC, ITU, IWC-International Whaling Commission, IWC-International Wheat Council, NATO, OECD, UN., UNESCO, UPU, WEU, WHO, WMO, WSG ECONOMY GNP: $215 billion (1976 est. in 1976 prices), $3,837 per capita; 60.6% consumption, 19.2% investment, 22.2% gov- ernment; -0.3% inventories, -1.7% net foreign balance, real growth 1.1% (1976) Agriculture: mixed farming predominates; main prod- ucts-wheat, barley, potatoes, sugar beets, livestock, dairy products; 50% self-sufficient; food shortages-meat, fruits, vegetables, cereals, dairy products; caloric intake, 2,910 calories per day per capita, 1975 Fishing: catch 855 thousand metric tons (1975), valued at $332 million; 1976 exports $147.1 million, imports $345.7 million Major industries: machinery and transport equipment, metals, food processing, paper and paper products, textiles, chemicals, clothing Shortages: rubber, petroleum, timber and textile fibers, nonferrous metals, foodstuffs Crude steel: 22.3 million metric tons produced (1976); 28.1 million metric tons capacity (1975), 360 kg per capita Electric power: 83,800,000 kW capacity (1976); 329 billion kWh produced (1976), 5,874 kWh per capita Exports: $45.8 billion (f.o.b., 1976); machinery, transport equipment, chemicals, metals, nonmetallic mineral manu- factures, textiles, beverages Imports: $52.3 billion (f.o.b., 1976); foodstuffs, petroleum, machinery, crude materials, chemicals, nonferrous metals Major trade partners: 36.1% EC, 14.1% Commonwealth, 9.6% U.S., 4.0% Ireland, 3.1% Canada, 2.3% U.S.S.R. and Eastern Europe, 2.2% South Africa, 1.9% Australia Aid: $863.4 million of official development assistance disbursed in 1975; $566.5 million bilateral, $296.9 million multilateral Budget (central government): forecasts for FY78, $74.37 billion expenditures, $64.54 billion revenues; central govern- ment borrowing requirement, $11.73 billion; total public sector borrowing requirement, $14.54 billion, assuming an agreement is reached on a 3rd year of wage restraints Monetary conversion rate: pound sterling floating, average daily exchange rate 1976, 0.55 pounds=US$1 Fiscal year: 1 April-31 March COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: Great Britain-18,500 km; British Railways (BR) operates 18,225 km standard gage (1.435 m) (3,806 km electrified, 11,410 km double track, 2,366 km multiple track) and 19 km 0.597-meter gage; 256 km of standard gage (1.435 m) and several narrow gages are privately- owned; Northern Ireland Railways (NIR) operates 327 km 1.600-meter gage, 190 km double track Highways: approx. 343,315 km and Northern Ireland Inland waterways: 1,770 km of commercial routes Pipelines: 933 km crude oil, almost all insignificant; 2,907 km refined products; 1,770 km natural gas Ports: 23 major, 350 minor Civil air: 480 major transport aircraft Telecommunications: modern, efficient domestic and international system; 22.4 million telephones; 41.7 million radio and 18.7 million TV receivers; excellent countrywide broadcast; 97 AM, 118 FM, and 300 TV stations; 45 submarine cables (42 coaxial); 1 earth satellite station with 2 Atlantic Ocean antennas and 1 Indian Ocean antenna 206 Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males fit for military service; no military age (18) annually 15-49, 12,715,000; 10,738,000 conscription; 448,000 reach Military budget: proposed for fiscal year March 1978, $10.8 billion; about 9% of central government budget UPPER VOLTA Capital: Ouagadougou Political subdivisions: 10 departments, composed of 44 cercles, headed by civilian prefects Legal system: based on French civil law system and customary law; constitution adopted 1970, suspended February 1974; a national referendum on a draft constitu- tion is expected in the second quarter of 1977; judicial review of legislative acts in Supreme Court; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: President is an army officer; 57-man National Assembly was elected in February 1974 December 1970, suspended Government leader: Gen. Sangoule Lamizana, President and Prime Minister Suffrage: universal for adults Elections: all political activity has been banned; Parlia- mentary and Presidential elections expected toward the end LAND 274,540 km'; 50% pastureland, 21% fallow, 10% culti- vated, 9% forest and scrub, 10% waste and other uses Land boundaries: 3,307 km PEOPLE Population: 6,373,000 (July 1977), average annual growth rate 2.3% (current) Nationality: -noun-Upper Voltan(s); adjective-Upper Voltan Ethnic divisions: more than 50 tribes; principal tribe is Mossi (about 2.5 million); other important groups are Gurunsi, Senufo, Lobi, Bobo, Mande, and Fulani Religion: majority of population animist, about 20% Muslim, 5% Christian (mainly Catholic) Language: French official; tribal languages belong to Sudanic family, spoken by 50% of the population Literacy: 5%-10% Labor force: about 95% of the economically active population engaged in animal husbandry, subsistence farming, and related agricultural pursuits; about 30,000 are wage earners; about 20% of male labor force migrates annually to neighboring countries for seasonal employment Organized labor: 4 principal trade union groups GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Upper Volta Type: republic; military regime in power since January 1966 of 1977 Political parties February 1974 and leaders: political parties banned Communist party; some sympathizers Other political or pressure groups: labor organizations are badly splintered, students and teachers occasionally strike Member of: AFDB, CEAO, EAMA, ECA, EIB (associate), Entente, FAO, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, ILO, IMF, IPU, ITU, Niger River Commission, OAU, OCAM, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WCL, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GDP: $495 million (1974 est.), $80 per capita Agriculture: cash crops-peanuts, shea nuts, sesame, cotton; food crops-sorghum, millet, corn, rice; livestock; largely self-sufficient Fishing: catch 3,500 metric tons (1974) Major industries: agricultural processing plants, brewery, bottling, and brick plants; a few other light industries Electric power: 21,500 kW capacity (1976); 57 million kWh produced (1976), 9 kWh per capita Exports: $44 million (f.o.b., 1975); livestock (on the hoof), peanuts, shea nut products, cotton, sesame Imports: $151 million (c.i.f., 1975); textiles, food, and other consumer goods, transport equipment, machinery, fuels Major trade partners: Ivory Coast and Ghana; overseas trade mainly with France and other EC countries; preferential tariff to EC and franc zone countries Aid: economic-France (1964-September 1970), $46 million; EC (FY1960-72), $87 million; U.S.S.R., China, Ghana, West Germany, and Israel have also extended aid; U.S. (FY61-75), $47 million; international organizations (FY60-73), $175 million; China, $51 million (1973-75); military-France, $3.7 million (1964-70); U.S., $0.1 million (FY1962-75) 207 Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 Budget: (1976) balanced at $94 million Monetary conversion rate: about 248.47 Communaute Financiere Africaine francs=US$1 as of January 1977, floating Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 1,172 km, 515 km meter gage (1.00 m), single track; Ouagadougou to Abidjan, Ivory Coast line Highways: approximately 16,320 km; 520 km paved, 3,600 km improved, 12,200 km unimproved Civil air: no major transport aircraft Airfields: 55 total, 54 usable; 2 with permanent-surface runways; 2 with runways 2,440-3,659 in, 3 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: all services generally poor; 3,400 telephones; 100,000 radio and 6,000 TV receivers; 3 AM stations, 1 FM station, and 1 TV station DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 1,478,000; 739,000 fit for military service; no conscription Supply: mainly dependent on France Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1976, $18,243,900; 19.7% of central government budget URUGUAY LAND 186,998 km2; 84% agricultural land (73% pasture, 11% cropland), 16% forest, urban, waste and other Land boundaries: 1,352 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 200 nm (fishing 200 nm) Coastline: 660 km PEOPLE Population: 2,796,000 (July 1977), average annual growth rate 0.5% (10-63 to 5-75) Nationality: noun-Uruguayan(s); adjective-Uruguayan Ethnic divisions: 85%-90% white, 5% Negro, 5%-10% mestizo Religion: 66% Roman Catholic (less than half adult population attends church regularly) Language: Spanish Literacy: 90.5% for those 15 years of age or older Labor force: 1,015,500 (1963 census); of those employed in important sectors-25% government; 34% industry; 10% service; 23% other; 8% agriculture, forestry, fishing and mining; no shortage of skilled labor Organized labor: about 25% of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Oriental Republic of Uruguay Type: republic, government under strong military influence Capital: Montevideo Political subdivisions: 19 departments with limited autonomy Legal system: based on Spanish civil law system; new constitution implemented 1967; judicial review of legislative acts in Supreme Court; legal education at University of the Republic at Montevideo; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: executive, headed by President; since 1973 the military has had considerable influence in policymaking; bicameral legislature (closed indefinitely by presidential decree in June 1973), Council of State set up to act as legislature; national judiciary headed by Supreme Court Government leader: President Aparecio Mendez Suffrage: universal over age 18 Elections: projected for 1980 Political parties and leaders: political activities are proscribed Voting strength (1971 elections): 40.8% Colorado, 40.1% Blanco, 18.6% Frente Amplio, 0.5% Radical Christian Union Communists: 35,000-40,000 including Communist youth group and sympathizers Other political or pressure groups: Communist Party (PCU), Rodney Arismendi (in exile in the U.S.S.R.); Christian Democratic Party (PDC); Socialist Party of Uruguay (PSU); Revolutionary Movement of Uruguay (MRO) pro-Cuban Communist Party; National Liberation Movement (MLN-Tupamaros) Marxist revolutionary terror- ist group Member of: FAO, GATT, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDB, IFC, ILO, IMCO, IMF, ITU, LAFTA, OAS, SELA, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO, WSG ECONOMY GNP: $2.9 billion (1975), $948 per capita; 83% private consumption, 12% public consumption, 11% gross invest- ment; real growth rate 1975, 3.6% 208 Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 July 1977 URUGUAY/VATICAN CITY Agriculture: large areas devoted to extensive livestock grazing (17 million sheep, 9 million cattle); main crops- wheat, rice, corn; self-sufficient in most basic foodstuffs; caloric intake, 3,000 calories per day per capita, with high protein content Major industries: meat processing, wool and hides, textiles, footwear, cement, petroleum refining Crude steel: 13,000 metric tons produced (1972), 5 kg per capita Electric power: 700,000 kW capacity (1976); 3 billion kWh produced (1976), 1,079 kWh per capita Exports: $385 million (f.o.b., 1975); wool, hides Imports: $548 million (c.i.f., 1975); fuels, metals, machin- ery, transportation equipment Major trade partners: exports-28% EC, 4% U.S., 37% LAFTA; imports-30% LAFTA, 8% U.S., 18% EC (1974) Aid: economic-extensions from U.S. (FY46-75), $138 million in loans, $29 million in grants; from other Western countries (1960-74), $26 million; from Communist coun- tries-U.S.S.R. (1969-76), $52 million and Eastern Europe (1966-76), $31 million; from international organizations (1946-75), $320 million; military-authorizations from U.S. (FY53-75), $86 million Budget: (1975) revenue, $369 million; expenditure, $494 million Monetary conversion rate: commercial rate, new pesos 4.17=US$1, financial rate, new pesos 4.18=US$1 (February 1977) Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 2,992 km, all standard gage (1.435 m) and government owned Highways: 51,800 km; 6,000 km paved, 7,400 km otherwise surfaced, 15,400 km improved earth, 23,000 km earth tracks Inland waterways: 1,600 km; used by coastal and shallow-draft river craft Freight carried: highways 80% of total cargo traffic, rail 15%, waterways 5% Ports: 4 major (Montevideo, Colonia, Fray Bentos, Paysandu), 6 minor Civil air: 14 major transport aircraft Airfields: 101 total, 63 usable; 10 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runway 2,440-3,659 m, 11 with runways 1,220-2,439 m; 2 seaplane stations Telecommunications: most modern facilities concen- trated in Montevideo; 258,000 telephones; 1.5 million radio and 400,000 TV receivers; 75 AM, 3 FM, and 27 TV stations; 2 submarine cables DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 672,000; 542,000 fit for military service; no conscription Military budget: proposed for fiscal year ending 31 December 1977, $79.9 million; 17.3% of central government budget VATICAN CITY Tyrmen,an Sea LAND 0.438 km2 Land boundaries: 3 km PEOPLE Population: 1,000 (official estimate for 1 July 1975) Ethnic divisions: primarily Italians but also many other nationalities Religion: Roman Catholic Language: Italian, Latin, and various modern languages Literacy: virtually complete Labor force: approx. 700; Vatican City employees divided into 3 categories-executives, officeworkers, and salaried employees Organized labor: none GOVERNMENT Legal name: State of the Vatican City Type: monarchical-sacerdotal state Capital: Vatican City Political subdivisions: Vatican City includes St. Peter's, the Vatican Palace and Museum and neighboring buildings covering more than 13 acres; 13 buildings in Rome, although outside the boundaries, enjoy extraterritorial rights Legal system: Canon law; constitutional laws of 1929 serve some of the functions of a constitution Branches: the Pope possesses full executive, legislative, and judicial powers; he delegates these powers to the governor of Vatican City, who is subject to pontifical appointment and recall; high Vatican offices include the Secretariat of State, the College of Cardinals (chief papal Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 VATICAN CITY/VENEZUELA advisers), the Roman Curia (which carries on the central administration of the Roman Catholic Church), the Presi- dence of the Prefecture for the Economy, and the synod of bishops (created in 1965) Government leader: Supreme Pontiff, Paul VI (Giovanni Battista Montini, born 26 September 1897, elected Pope 21 June 1963) Suffrage: limited to cardinals less than 80 in age Elections: Supreme Pontiff elected for life by College of Cardinals Communists: none known Other political or pressure groups: none (exclusive of influence exercised by other church officers in universal Roman Catholic Church) Member: IAEA, IWC-International Wheat Council ECONOMY The Vatican City, seat of the Holy See, is supported financially by contributions (known as Peter's pence) from Roman Catholics throughout the world; some income derived from sale of Vatican postage stamps and tourist mementos, fees for admission to Vatican museums, and sale of publications; industrial activity consists solely of printing and production of a small amount of mosaics and staff uniforms The banking and financial activities of the Vatican are worldwide; the Institute for Religious Agencies carries out fiscal operations and invests and transfers funds of Roman Catholic religious communities throughout the world; the Cardinal's Commission controls the administration of ordi- nary assets of the Holy See and a Special Administration manages the Holy See's capital assets Electric power: obtained from Rome city grid; standby diesel powerplant with 2,100 kW capacity (1976) COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: none (city streets) Civil air: no major transport aircraft Airfields: none Telecommunications: I AM station and 1 FM station; 2,000-line automatic telephone exchange DEFENSE FORCES Defense is responsibility of Italy VENEZUELA LAND 911,680 kmz; 4% cropland, 18% pasture, 21% forest, 57% urban, waste, and other Land boundaries: 4,181 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm Coastline: 2,800 km PEOPLE Population: 12,737,000, excluding Indian jungle popula- tion (July 1977), average annual growth rate 3.0% (current) Nationality: noun-Venezuelan(s); adjective-Vene- zuelan Ethnic divisions: 2% Indian 67% mestizo, 21% white, 10% Negro, Religion: 94% nominally Language: Spanish Literacy: 74% (claimed, 1970 est.) Labor force: 3.7 million (1975); 24% agriculture, 6% construction, 17% manufacturing, 6% transportation, 18% commerce, 25% services, 4% petroleum, utilities, and other Organized labor: 45% of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Venezuela Type: republic Capital: Caracas Political subdivisions: 20 states, federal territories Legal system: based on Spanish civil law system with influence of U.S. law; constitution promulgated 1961; judicial review of legislative acts in Cassation Court only; dual court system, state and federal; legal education at Central University of Venezuela; has not accepted compul- sory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: executive (President), bicameral legislature, judiciary Government leader: President Carlos Andres Perez Suffrage: universal and compulsory over age 18 Elections: every 5 years; last held 9 December 1973 Political parties and leaders: Accion Democratica (AD), Carlos Andres Perez and Gonzalo Barrios; Social Christian Party (COPEI), Rafael Caldera and Herrera Campins; People's Electoral Movement (MEP), Jesus Angel Paz Galarraga; Union Republicana Democratica (URD), Jovito 210 Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 Villalba; Partido Comunista de Venezuela (PCV), Secretary- General Jesus Faria; Movement to Socialism (MAS), Teodoro Petkoff and Pompey Marquez Voting strength (1973 election): 49% AD, 37% COPEI, 5% New Force (MEP & PCV), 4% MAS, 3% URD, 2% others Communists: 4,000-6,000 members (est.) Other political or pressure groups: Fedecamaras (a conservative business group); PRO VENEZUELA (leftist, nationalist economic group); DESARROLLISTAS (group of wealthy, independent businessmen led by former finance minister Pedro Tinoco and historian Guillermo Moron) Member of: Andean Pact, AIOEC, FAO, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDB, IFC, IHO, ILO, IMF, IPU, ITU, IWC- International Wheat Council, LAFTA, NAMUCAR (Carib- bean Multinational Shipping Line-Naviera Multinacional del Caribe), OAS, OPEC, SELA, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO Highways: 65,700 km; 19,600 km paved, 17,500 km gravel, 10,200 kin improved earth, 18,400 km unimproved (including trails) Inland waterways: 7,100 km; Orinoco River and Lake Maracaibo accept oceangoing vessels Pipelines: 6,110 km crude oil; 400 km refined products; 2,495 km natural gas Ports: 6 major, 17 minor Civil air: 55 major transport aircraft Airfields: 292 total, 260 usable; 105 with permanent-sur- face runways; 8 with runways 2,440-3,659 in, 77 with runways 1,220-2,439 m; 2 seaplane stations Telecommunications: modern expanding telecom system; satellite ground station; 649,000 telephones; 3.2 million radio and 1.3 million TV receivers; 157 AM, 50 FM, and 43 TV stations; 3 submarine cables, including 1 coaxial, 1 Atlantic Ocean satellite station ECONOMY DEFENSE FORCES GNP: $30.0 billion est. (1976, in 1976 dollars), $2,380 per Military manpower: males 15-49, 2,707,000; 1,911,000 fit capita; 48% private consumption, 14% public consumption, for military service; 138,000 reach military age (18) annually 30% gross investment, 8% foreign sector (1975), real growth rate 1976 est., 7.0% Agriculture: main crops-sugarcane, corn, coffee, rice; imports wheat (U.S.), corn (South Africa), sorghum (Argenti- na, U.S.); caloric intake 2,600 calories per day per capita (1972) Fishing: catch 162,400 metric tons (1974); exports $14.4 million (1972), imports $9.5 million (1972) Major industries: petroleum, iron-ore mining, construc- tion, food processing, textiles Crude steel: 1.1 million metric tons produced (1975), 85 kg per capita Electric power: 4,500,000 kW capacity (1976); 20 billion kWh produced (1976), 1,617 kWh per capita Exports: $8.9 billion (f.o.b., 1976); petroleum $8.4 billion (1976), iron ore, coffee Imports: $6.3 billion (f.o.b., 1976); industrial machinery and equipment, chemicals, manufactures, wheat Major trade partners: imports-48% U.S., 10% Japan, 9% West Germany; exports-38% U.S., 13% Canada Aid: economic assistance-extensions from U.S. (FY46-75), $127.9 million loans; $72.6 million grants; from international organizations (FY46-75), $658 million; from Communist countries (1954-75), $10 million; military- assistance from U.S. (FY46-75), $142 million Budget: 1976-revenues $9.8 billion; expenditures, $10.2 billion, capital $4.3 billion Monetary conversion rate: 4.2925 bolivares=US$1 (sell- ing rate) VIETNAM LAND 329,707 km2; 14% cultivated, inland water, and other Land boundaries: 4,562 km WATER Limits of Coastline: territorial waters (claimed): 12 3,444 km (excluding islands) Fiscal year: calendar year PEOPLE Population: 51,152,000 (July 1977), average annual COMMUNICATIONS growth rate 2.3% (current); Vietnam, North, 25,888,000, Railroads: 373 km standard gage (1.435 m) all single average annual growth rate 2.3% (current); Vietnam, South, track; 171 km government owned, 202 km privately owned 25,264,000, average annual growth rate 2.3% (current) Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 VIETNAM/WALLIS and FUTUNA Nationality: noun-Vietnamese (sing. & pl.); adjective- Vietnamese Ethnic divisions: 85%-90% predominantly Vietnamese; 3% Chinese; ethnic minorities include Muong, Thai, Meo, Khmer, Man, Cham, and mountain tribesman Religion: Buddhism, Confucianism, Taoism, Catholicism, Animism, Islam, and Protestantism Language: Vietnamese, French, Chinese, English, Khmer, tribal languages (Mon-Khmer and Malayo-Polynesian) Labor force: approximately 15 million, not including military; about 70% agriculture and 8% industry GOVERNMENT Legal name: Socialist Republic of Vietnam Type: Communist state Capital: Hanoi Political subdivisions: 38 provinces Legal system: based on Communist legal theory and French civil law system; constitution enacted 1960 Branches: constitution provides for a National Assembly and highly centralized executive nominally subordinate to it Party and government leaders: Ton Due Thang, Presi- dent of DRV; Le Duan, First Secretary; Truong Chinh, Chairman, Standing Committee of National Assembly; Pham Van Dong, Premier; Vo Nguyen Giap, Minister of National Defense; Nguyen Duy Trinh, Minister for Foreign Affairs Suffrage: over age 18 Elections: pro forma elections held for national and local assemblies; lastest election for National Assembly held on April 25, 1976 Political parties: ruled by Lao Dong Party (Communist) with membership of approximately 900,000; minor subordi- nate parties Member of: ADB, ESCAP, IBRD, IMF, Non-Aligned Conference, UNESCO, WHO ECONOMY GNP: $6.5 billion (1976), approximately $135 per capita; real growth on the order of 2% annually since 1973 Agriculture: main crops-rice, rubber, fruits and vegeta- bles, mainly in the south; some corn, manioc, and sugarcane; major food imports-wheat, dairy products Fishing: catch 776,000 metric tons (1976), of which 600,000 metric tons sea Major industries: food processing, textiles, machine building, mining, cement, chemical fertilizer, glass, tires Shortages: petroleum, capital goods and machinery, fertilizer Electric power: 1,330,000 kW capacity (1976); 3 billion kWh produced (1976), 65 kWh per capita Exports: $170 million (1976); agricultural and handicraft products, coal, minerals, ores Imports: approximately $1.0 billion (1976); petroleum, steel products, railroad equipment, chemicals, medicines, raw cotton, fertilizer, grain Major trade partners: exports-U.S.S.R., East European countries, Japan, other Asian markets; imports-U.S.S.R., East Europe, China, Japan Aid: accurate data on aid since April 1975 unification unavailable; estimated annual commitments of economic aid are-U.S.S.R., $500 million; East European countries, $350 million; China, $350 million; non-Communist countries, $100 million; international institutions, $50 million; military aid deliveries since end of war in April 1975 are minimal Monetary conversion rate (official): 2.65 northern dong=US$1; 1.85 southern dong=US$1 (internally), 1 northern dong=0.8 southern dong (April 1977) Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Highways: 41,190 km; 5,471 km bituminous, 27,030 km gravel or improved earth, 8,690 km unimproved earth Inland waterways: about 17,072 km navigable; more than 5,149 km navigable at all times by vessels up to 1.8-m draft Ports: 9 major, 23 minor Civil air: military controlled Airfields: 205 total, 169 usable; 73 with permanent- surface runways; 10 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 30 with runways 1,220-2,439 m; 2 seaplane stations DEFENSE FORCES Supply: dependent on the U.S.S.R., Eastern European Communist countries, and the PRC for virtually all new equipment; produces negligible quantities of infantry weapons, ammunition and explosive devices (Vietnam possesses a huge inventory of U.S.-manufactured weapons and equipment captured from the RVN) Military budget: no expenditure estimates are available; military aid from the U.S.S.R. and PRC has been so extensive that actual allocation of Vietnam's domestic resorces to defense has not been indicative of total military effort NOTE: VN figures preliminary WALLIS AND FUTUNA LAND About 207 km2 WATER Limits of territorial waters: 12 nm Coastline: about 129 km PEOPLE Population: 9,000, official estimate for 1 July 1973 Nationality: noun-Wallisian(s), Futunan(s), or Wallis and Futuna Islander; adjective-Wallisian, Futunan, or Wallis and Futuna Islanders Ethnic divisions: almost entirely Polynesian Religion: largely Roman Catholic 212 Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 i MUM lorhn; CANARY SANDS WESTERN SAHARA GOVERNMENT Legal name: Territory of the Wallis and Futuna Islands Type: overseas territory of France Capital: Matu Utu Political subdivisions: 3 districts Branches: territorial assembly of 20 members; popular election of one deputy to National Assembly in Paris, and one Senator Government leader: Superior Administrator Jacques de Agostini Suffrage: universal adult Elections: every 5 years ECONOMY Agriculture: dominated by coconut production with subsistence crops of yams, taro, bananas Exports: negligible Imports: $1.4 million (1972); largely foodstuffs and some equipment associated with development programs Monetary conversion rate: 70 Colonial Franc Pacifique (CFP)=US$1 COMMUNICATIONS Highways: 100 km of improved road on Uvea Island (1972) Ports: 2 minor Airfields: 2 total, 2 usable; 1 with runway 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: 70 telephones DEFENSE No formal defense structure; no regular Armed Forces WESTERN SAHARA (formerly Spanish Sahara) LAND 266,770 km2, nearly all desert Land boundaries: 2,086 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 6 nm (fishing 12 nm) Coastline: 1,110 km PEOPLE Population: 117,000 (official estimate for 1 July 1975) Nationality: noun-Saharan(s); adjective-Saharan Ethnic divisions: Arab, Berber, and Negro nomads Religion: Muslim Language: local Arabic or Hassania Literacy: among Spanish, probably nearly 100%; among nomads, perhaps 5% Labor force: 12,000; 50% agriculture, 50% other Organized labor: none GOVERNMENT Type: legal status of territory unresolved; territory partitioned between Morocco and Mauritania; the legal question of sovereignty over the area has yet to be determined; both countries have established political admin- istration within their own zones of influence; the line of partition begins at a point on the coast where the Atlantic Ocean intersects the 24th parallel, and extends in a southeasterly direction to the point where the 23d parallel intersects the 13th meridian ECONOMY Agriculture: practically none; some barley is grown in nondrought years; fruit and vegetables in the few oases; food imports are essential; camels, sheep, and goats are kept by the nomadic natives; cash economy exists largely for the garrison forces Major industries: phosphate mining, fishing, and handicrafts Shortages: water Electric power: 4,000 kW capacity (1975); 9 million kWh produced (1975), 84 kWh per capita Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 213 Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 Exports: in 1975, up to $75 million in phosphates, all other exports valued at under $1 million Imports: $1,443,000 (1968); fuel for fishing fleet, foodstuffs Major trade partners: monetary trade largely with Spain and Spanish possessions Aid: small amounts from Spain in prior years Monetary conversion rate: see Moroccan and Mauritan- ian currencies COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: 6,100 km; 500 km bituminous treated, 5,600 km unimproved earth roads and tracks Ports: 2 major (El Aaiun, Villa Cisneros), 2 minor Civil air: no major transport aircraft Airfields: 13 total, 12 usable; 3 with permanent-surface runways; 6 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: telephone and telegraph poor; 1,000 telephones; 16,000 radio receivers; 2 AM, no FM, 5 TV stations PAPUAN ?w LAND 2,849 km'; comprised of 2 large islands of Savai'i and Upolu and several smaller islands, including Manono and Apolima; 65% forested, 24% cultivated, 11% industry, waste, or urban WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm Coastline: 403 km PEOPLE Population: 152,000 (July 1977), average annual growth rate 0.6% (11-71 to 11-76) Nationality: noun-Western Samoan(s); adjective-West- ern Samoa WESTERN ? SAMOA Ethnic divisions: Polynesians, about 12,000 Euronesians (persons of European and Polynesian blood), 700 Europeans Religion: 99.7% Christian (about half of population associated with the London Missionary Society) Language: Samoan (Polynesian), English Literacy: 85%-90% (education compulsory for all children from 7-15 years) Labor force: agriculture 19,148; mining and manufactur- ing 1,716 (1961) Organized labor: unorganized GOVERNMENT Legal name: The Independent State of Western Samoa Type: constitutional monarchy under native chief; special treaty relationship with New Zealand Capital: Apia Legal system: based on English common law and local customs; constitution came into effect upon independence in 1962; judicial review of legislative acts with respect to fundamental rights of the citizen; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: Head of State and Executive Council; Legisla- tive Assembly; Supreme Court, Court of Appeal, Land and Titles Court, village courts Government leaders: Head of State, Malietoa Tanumafili II; Prime Minister, Tupuola Efi Suffrage: 45 Samoan members of Legislative Assembly are elected by holders of matai (heads of family) titles (about 5,000); 2 European members are elected by universal adult suffrage Elections: held triennially, last in February 1976 Political parties and leaders: no clearly defined political party structure Communists: unknown Member of: ADB, Commonwealth, ESCAP, IBRD, IFC, IMF, U.N., WHO ECONOMY GNP: $45 million (1974), $280 per capita Agriculture: cocoa, bananas, copra; staple foods include coconut, bananas, taro, and yams Exports: $7 million (f.o.b., 1975); copra 38%, cocoa 26%, timber 3% Imports: $36 million (c.i.f., 1975); food, manufactured goods, machinery Major trade partners: exports-43% New Zealand, 10% Netherlands, 14% West Germany, 12% U.S.; imports-33% New Zealand, 19% Australia, 12% Japan Aid: New Zealand, $7 million (est. 1972-76) Budget: 1975 est., revenues 14 million tala, expenditures 22 million tala Monetary conversion rate: WS Tala=US$1.258 (Febru- ary 1977), 0.79 WS Tala=US$1 Major industries: timber, tourism 214 Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 Approved COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: 7 84 km; 375 mostly gravel, crushed stone, or earth Inland waterways: none Ports: 1 principal (Apia), 1 Civil air: 2 major transport Airfields: 4 total, all usable; runway 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: 3,160 receivers; 2 AM stations minor aircraft 1 with permanent-surface YEMEN (ADEN) ARABIA (1J1BO .: den OM sea ALtA) Arabian Sea Indian Ocean LAND 287,490 km,; (border with Saudi Arabia undefined); only about 1% arable (of which less than 25% cultivated) Land boundaries: 1,802 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm (plus 6 nm "necessary supervision zone") Coastline: 1,383 km PEOPLE Population: 1,789,000, excluding the islands of Perim and Kamaran for which no data are available (July 1977), average annual growth rate 2.9% (5-73 to 7-75) Nationality: noun-Yemeni(s); adjective-Yemeni Ethnic divisions: almost all Arabs; a few Indians, Somalis, and Europeans in Aden Religion: Muslim Language: Arabic Literacy: probably no higher than 10%; Aden 35% (est.) Capital: Aden; Madinat ash Sha'b, administrative capital Political subdivisions: 6 provinces Legal system: based on Islamic law (for personal matters) and English common law (for commercial matters); highest judicial organ, Federal High Court, interprets constitution and determines disputes between states Branches: Presidential Council; cabinet; Supreme Peo- ple's Council Government leaders: Chairman of Presidential Council, Salim Rubayyi Ali; Prime Minister Ali Nasir Muhammed al-Hasani; NF Secretary General Abd Al-Fattah Ismail Suffrage: granted by constitution to all citizens 18 and over Elections : elections for legislative body, Supreme People's Council, called for in constitution; none have been held Political parties and leaders: Unified National Front (NF), the only legal party, is coalition of National Front, Baath, and Communist parties Communists: unknown number Member of: FAO, GATT (de facto), IBRD, ICAO, IDA, ILO, IMF, ITU, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GNP: $100 million (1974 est.), $60 per capita Agriculture (all outside Aden): cotton is main cash crop; cereals, dates, kat (qat), coffee, and livestock are raised and there is a growing fishing industry; large amount of food must be imported (particularly for Aden); cotton, hides, skins, dried and salted fish are exported Major industries: petroleum refinery (production 150,000 b/d) mid-1971; capacity 178,000 b/d at Little Aden operates on imported crude; oil exploration activity Electric power: 95,000 kW capacity (1976); 190 million kWh produced (1976), 277 kWh per capita Exports: $20 million (1975 provisional), excluding petro- leum products but including re-exports Imports: $154 million (1975 provisional) Major trade partners: Yemen, East Africa, but some cement and sugar imported from Communist countries; crude oil imported from Persian Gulf, exported mainly to U.K. and Japan Budget: (FY1974-75, est.)-revenues $42 million, expen- ditures $75 million Monetary conversion rate: 1 S. Yemeni dinar=US$2.90 Fiscal year: 1 April - 31 March COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: 5,311 km; 322 km bituminous treated, 290 km crushed stone and gravel, 4,699 km motorable track Ports: 1 major (Aden) Pipelines: refined products, 32 km Civil air: 6 major transport aircraft GOVERNMENT Legal name: Peoples Democratic Republic of Yemen Type: republic; power centered in ruling National Front Party Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 YEMEN (ADEN)/YEMEN (SANA) Airfields: 95 total, 56 usable; 2 with permanent-surface GOVERNMENT runways; 4 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 31 with runways 1,220-2,439 m; 1 seaplane station Telecommunications: small system of open-wire line, multiconductor cable, and radiocommunications stations; only center Aden; 9,900 telephones; 250,000 radio and 31,000 TV receivers; 1 AM, no FM and 3 TV stations; 2 submarine cables DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 422,000; 233,000 fit for military service Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 March 1971, $15,816,000; about 34.4% of central government budget YEMEN (SANA) Indian Ocean LAND 194,250 km' (parts of border with Saudi Arabia and Southern Yemen undefined); 20% agricultural, 1% forested, 79% desert, waste, or urban Land boundaries: 1,528 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm (plus 6 nm "necessary supervision zone") Coastline: 523 km PEOPLE Population: 5,635,000 (July 1977), average annual growth rate 3.0% (current) Nationality: noun-Yemeni(s); adjective-Yemeni Ethnic divisions: 90% Arab, 10% Afro-Arab (mixed) Religion: 100% Muslim Language: Arabic Literacy: 15% (est.) Labor force: almost entirely agriculture and herding l , ' -. /adman Sa na Sea OJ 5OU of 0811 SOMALIA Arab Republic Type: republic; military regime assumed 1974 Capital: Sana Political subdivisions: 8 provinces Legal system: based on Turkish law, Islamic law, local customary law; first constitution promulgated December 1970, suspended June 1974; has not compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: Military Command Council, Prime cabinet Government leaders: Head of Military Command Coun- cil, Col. Ibrahim Hamdi; Prime Communists: small number Political parties or pressure small inactive government party groups: Yemeni Union, a formed in February 1973; conservative tribal groups, some Muslim Brotherhood followers, leftist sentiment represented by pro-Iraqi Baath- ists, Nasirists, small clandestine groups supported by Yemen (Aden) Member of: Arab League, FAO, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, ILO, IMF, ITU, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GNP: $780 million (1974 est.), $130 per capita Agriculture: sorghum and millet, qat (a mild narcotic), cotton, coffee, fruits and vegetables; largely self-sufficient in food Major industries: cotton textiles and leather goods produced on a small scale; handicraft and some fishing; small aluminum products factory Electric power: 47,000 kW capacity (1976); 80 million kWh produced (1976), 12 kWh per capita Exports: $15 million (1974 est.); qat, cotton, coffee, hides, vegetables Imports: $259 million (1975 est.); textiles and other manufactured consumer goods, petroleum products, sugar, grain, flour, other foodstuffs, and cement Major trade partners: China, Yemen (Aden), U.S.S.R., Japan, U.K., Australia, Saudi Arabia Aid: bilateral pledges received-$167 million 1974, multilateral-$36 million through 1972, $170 million drawn through 19 70; major donors include U.S.S.R., China, U.S., West Germany, Saudi Arabia; military-$78 million from U.S.S.R.; $30 million from Eastern Europe; $7 million Western military aid through 1973 Budget: (1974/75 est.) $711 million expenditures Monetary conversion rate: 1 Yemeni ria1=US$0.22 as of October 1973 Fiscal year: 1 July-30 June 216 Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: 3,477 km; 467 km bituminous; 435 km crushed stone and gravel; 2,575 km earth, sand, and light gravel Ports: 1 major (Al Hudaydah), 2 minor Civil air: 10 major transport aircraft Airfields:27 total, 17 usable; 4 with permanent-surface runways; 4 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 5 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: system among Mideast's worst; consists of meager open-wire lines and low-power radiocom- munication stations; principal center Sana, secondary centers Al Hudaydah and Taizz; 4,600 telephones; 96,000 radio receivers; 2 AM stations, no FM, 1 TV station; 1 Indian Ocean satellite station DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 1,622,000; 895,000 fit for military service; about 72,000 reach military age (18) annually Military budget: for fiscal year ending 30 June 1975, $50,402,000; 54.6% of central government budget YUGOSLAVIA LAND 255,892 kmz; 32% arable, 25% meadows and pastures, 34% forested, 9% other Land boundaries: 3,001 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 10 nm (fishing 12 nm) Coastline: 1,521 km (mainland), plus 2,414 km (offshore islands) PEOPLE Population: 21,753,000 (July 1977), average annual growth rate 0.9% (current) Nationality: noun-Yugoslav(s); adjective-Yugoslav Ethnic divisions: 39.7% Serb, 22.1% Croat, 8.4% Muslims, 8.2% Slovene, 5.8% Macedonian, 2.5% Montenegrin, 6.4% Albanian, 2.3% Hungarian, 4.6% other (1971 census) Religion: 41% Serbian Orthodox, 32% Roman Catholic, 12% Muslim, 3% other, 12% none (1953 census) Language: Serbo-Croatian, Slovene, Macedonian, Alba- nian, Hungarian, and Italian Literacy: 80.3% (1961) Labor force: 13.5 million (1970); 49.6% agriculture, 16% mining and manufacturing, 34.4% other nonagricultural activities; reported unemployment averaged 8% of regis- tered labor force (social sector) in 1967 GOVERNMENT Legal name: Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Type: Communist state, federal republic in form Capital: Belgrade Political subdivisions: 6 republics with 2 autonomous provinces (within the Republic of Serbia) Legal system: mixture of civil law system and Communist legal theory; constitution adopted 1974; legal education at several law schools; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: parliament (Federal Assembly) constitutionally supreme; executive includes cabinet (Federal Executive Council) and the federal administration; independent judiciary; the State Presidency is a collective policymaking body composed of a representative from each republic and province, Tito presides as President of the Republic Government: leader: Josip Broz Tito, President of Republic and President of League of Communists of Yugoslavia Suffrage: universal over age 18 Elections: Federal Assembly elected every 4 years by a complicated, indirect system of voting Political parties and leaders: League of Communists of Yugoslavia (LCY) only; leaders are President Tito and influential presidium members Edvard Kardelj, Vladimir Bakaric, and Stane Dolanc Voting strength: voter participation in national elections has declined, as follows-1963, 95.5%; 1965, 93.6%; 1967, 89%; 1969, 88%; 1974, no data available Communists: 1,500,000 party members (April 1977) Other political or pressure groups: Socialist Alliance of Working People of Yugoslavia (SAWPY), the major mass front organization for the LCY; Confederation of Trade Unions of Yugoslavia (CTUY), Union of Youth of Yugoslavia (UYY), Federation of Yugoslav War Veterans (SUBNOR) Member of: ASSIMER, CEMA (observer but participates in certain commissions), EC (5-year non-preferential trade agreement signed in May 1973), FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, IDA, IFC, IHO, ILO, International Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 Lead and Zinc Study Group, IMCO, IMF, IPU, ITC, ITU, OECD (participant in some activities), U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GNP: $4.23 billion (1976 est., at 1975 prices), $1,963 per capita; real growth rate 5.3% (1971-76) Agriculture: diversified agriculture with many small private holdings and large agricultural combines; main crops-corn, wheat, tobacco, sugar beets, and sunflowers; occasionally a net exporter of foodstuffs and live animals; imports tropical products, cotton, wool, and vegetable meal feeds; caloric intake, 3,210 calories per day per capita (1967) Major industries: metallurgy, machinery and equipment, textiles, wood processing, food processing Shortages: electricity, fuels, steel, textile fibers, chemicals Crude steel: 2.75 million metric tons produced (1976), 127 kg per capita Electric power: 9,704,000 kW capacity (1976); 43.6 billion kWh produced (1976), 2,020 kWh per capita Exports: $4,880 million (f.o.b., 1976); 10% foodstuffs; 28% machinery and equipment; 27% intermediate goods; 33% manufactures Imports: $7,380 million (c.i.f., 1976); 8% foodstuffs and tobacco; 24% raw materials, fuels; 33% machinery and equipment; 35% other manufactures Major trade partners: 66% non-Communist countries (34% EC, 6% U.S., 26% other non-Communist countries), 34% Communist countries Aid: Yugoslav outstanding external debt (medium/long- term) end 1975, $6 billion, of which $2.3 billion official, largely non-Communist (U.S. $350 million, FRG $400 million, U.S.S.R. $200 million, IBRD $560 million); Yugo- slavia has extended aid totalling about $1.2 billion to developing countries, largely since the late 1960's Monetary conversion rate: (official) 17.0 new dinars= US$1 Fiscal year: same as calendar year (all data refer to calendar year or to middle or end of calendar year as indicated) COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 10,319 km; 9,353 km standard gage (1.435 m), 966 km narrow gage; 794 double track; 2,116 km electrified (1974) Highways: 98,372 km; 550 km concrete, 33,729 km bituminous, 1,101 km stone block, 37,522 km gravel, 25,470 km earth (1974) Inland waterways: 2,001 km (1977) Freight carried: rail-81.5 million metric tons, 23.1 billion metric ton/km (1974); highway-80.7 million metric tons, 9.8 billion metric ton/km (1975); waterway-29.0 million metric tons, 7.7 billion metric ton/km (incl. int'l. transit traffic) (1976) Pipelines: 322 km crude oil; 892 km natural gas Ports: 9 major (most important: Rijeka, Split, Koper, Bar), 24 minor (1976) DEFENSE FORCES Military budget (announced): for fiscal year ending 31 December 1976, 32 billion dinars; about 6% of national income LAND 2,343,950 kmz; 22% agricultural land (1% cultivated), 45% forested, 33% other Land boundaries: 9,902 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm Coastline: 37 km PEOPLE Population: 26,341,000 (July 1977), average annual growth rate 2.8% (7-70 to 7-76) Nationality: noun-Zairian(s); adjective-Zairian Ethnic divisions: over 200 African ethnic groups, the majority are Bantu; four largest tribes-Mongo, Luba, Kongo (all Bantu), and the Mangbetu-Azande (Hamitic) make up about 45% of the population Religion: 51% Christian, 45% animist, 4% other Language: French, English, Lingala, Swahili, Kikongo, and Chiluba are all classified as official languages Literacy: 5% fluent in French, about 35% have an acquaintance with French Labor force: about 8 million, but only about 13% in wage structure GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Zaire (until October 1971 known as Democratic Republic of the Congo) 218 Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 July 1977 ZAIRE/ZAMBIA Type: republic; constitution establishes strong presidential system Capital: Kinshasa political subdivisions: 8 regions and federal district o Kinshasa Legal system: based Belgian civil 1967 revised 1974; legal law; new constitution promulgated has not accepted education at National University of Zaire; compulsory ICJ jurisdiction term Branches: president elected 1970 for seven-year isle limited to two five-year terms, thereafter; Nation term; the tive Council of 210 members electedi for al five- tution official party is the supreme p Government leader: Lt. Gen. Mobutu Sese Seko, President compulsory Elections: presidential and legislative elections in October and November 1970 ulaire de la Political parties and leaders: Mou o ganizedf rom above Revolution (MPR), only legal Party, Voting strength: MPR slate polled 96.3% of vote in 1970 1 Monetary conversion elections acre es DEFENSE FORCES Communists: no Communist Party; U.S.S.R. and Republic of China have diplomatic MA, EIB (associate), Military manpower: males Member of: AFDB, APC, CIPEC, EA IFC IHO, ILO, for military service FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, OCAM, UDEAC, U.N., U , IMF, IPU, ITC, ITU, OA UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO ECONOMY rites), $100 per capita; Mo GDP: $2.6 billion (1975 p), annual growth 1970-76 palm oil, rubber; Agriculture: main cash crops-coffee, some main food crops-manioc, bananas, root crops, corn; provinces self-sufficient imports $25 Fishing: catch 124,000 metric tons (1974); million (1972) mineral processing, light Major industries: mining, industries (1976); 5.0 billion Electric power: 1,100,000 kW capacity capita kWh produced (1976), 196 kWh per Exports: $1 billion (f.o.b., 1976); copper, cobalt, dia- monds, other minerals, coffee consumer goods, Imports: $800 million (c.i.f., 1976); foodstuffs, mining and other machinery, transport equip- ment, fuels U.S., and West Germany Major trade partners: Belgium, 685 million; (1971 Aid: economic-U.S.B(elgic5), $ estimated disbursements) Belgium, $31.4 million; France, million; other bilateral aid $5.4 million;o U.N., $. lion; million; EC, $18.9 million; China (193) mmil illion military-U.S., $61 million (FY62-75); IMF, (1976) -revenue, 770 million; expendi- tures, $976 million 15-49, 6,291,000; 3,149,000 fit ZAMBIA ZAMBIA Lusaka GUTNERN MADNGASGAR' R~+anESIA MD ~ MRIGUE BOTSWANA 0/ Indian Ocean LAND 745,920 km2; 5% under cultivation, 5% arable, 10 0 grazing, 13% dense forest, 6% marsh, 61% scattered trees and grassland Land boundaries: 6,003 km PEOPLE ul 1977), average annual growth Population: 5,168,000 (J Y rate 2.7% (7-72 to 7-75) Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS 126 km Railroads: 5,149 km; 3,870 km 1.067 meter gage, meter gage (1.00 in); 136 km 0.610-meter gagee1 ,017 017fi km d 0.600-meter gage, 851 km 1.065 meter gage km 141,600 km; 2,000, m bituminous, 18,210 km er earth gravel or crushed stone, rem nd the Zaire, its tributaries, Inland waterways: comprising and unconnected lakes, the waterway system affords over t es 15,000 km of navigable rou or (Matadi, Boma), 1 a rate: 1 zaire=US$1.17 d Ports: 2 m Pipelines: refined products, 740 km Civil air: 43 major transport aircraft anent sur Airfields: 334 total, 289 usable; 21 with permwith runways face runways; 1 with runway over 3,660 m> 2 2,440-3,659 m, 55 with runways 1,220-2,439 in Telecommunications: li i?barely 00 telepghonese1100,000 service good; service, telegraph F 1 FM, and 2 TV radio receivers; 7,100 TV receivers; 12 AM, stations; 1 Atlantic Ocean satellite station TANZANIA 1 Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 ZAMBIA/UNITED N ti a onality: noun-Zambian(s); adjective-Zambian Ethnic divisions: 98.7% African, other 1.1% European, 0.2% Religion: 82% animist, about 17% Christian, and under 1% Hindu and Muslim Language: English official; languages Literacy: 28% wide variety of indigenous Labor force: 402,000 wage earners; 375,000 Africans, 27,000 non-Africans; 15% mining, 9% agriculture, 9% domestic service, 19% construction, 9% commerce, 10% manufacturing, 23% government and miscellaneous services, 6% transport Organized labor: 100,000 wage earners, primarily in industrial sector, are unionized (early 1968) . GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Zambia Type: republic since October 1964 Capital: Lusaka Political subdivisions: 9 provinces Legal system: based on English common law and customary law; new constitution adopted September 1973; judicial review of legislative acts in an ad hoc constitutional council; legal education at University of Zambia in Lusaka; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: modified presidential system; unicameral legis- lative; judiciary Government leaders: President Kenneth Kaunda; Prime Minister Elijah Mudenda Suffrage: universal adult Elections: last general election December 1973 Political parties and leaders: United National Independ- ence Party (UNIP), Kenneth Kaunda; former opposition party banned in December 1972 when 1 party state proclaimed Voting strength (1973 election): in first presidential and parliamentary elections under single-party system, 43% of eligible voters went to polls; Kaunda was only candidate for President; National Assembly seats were contested by members of UNIP Communists: no Communist Party, but sympathizers of socialism in upper levels of government, UNIP, and labor unions Member of. AFDB, Commonwealth, FAO, GATT We facto), IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IDB, fEA, IFC, ILO, International Lead and Zinc Study Group, IMF, IPU, ITU, OAU, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GNP: $2.1 billion (1976), $412 per growth rate, 2.1% (1971-76) Agriculture: main crops-corn, tobacco, cotton; importer of most major agricultural prod. Major industries: copper minin cts g and processing July 1977 Electric power: 1,100,000 kW capacity (1976); 6.4 billion kWh produced (1976), 1,262 kWh per capita Exports: $992 million (f.o.b., 1976); copper (92%), zinc, cobalt, lead, tobacco Imports: $750 million (c.i.f., 1976); machinery, transport equipment, foodstuffs, fuels, manufactures Major trade partners: EEC, Japan, China, South Africa Aid: economic-China (1964-67 (1967-75),' $304 million; U. K. ), $63 million; IBRD (1965-75), $432 million; U.S. (FY53-75), $99 million; U.S.S.R., $9 million; Eastern Europe, $50 million; military-$9 million (1964-69), mainly U.K. and Canada; $12 million, Communist Budget: 1975-revenue $515 million, expenditures $868 million Monetary conversion rate: 1 Zambia kwacha=US$1.2526 (official) Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 2,014 km, all narrow gage (1.067 m); 13 km double track Highways: 34,850 km; 5,000 km paved, 2,850 km crushed stone, gravel, or stabilized soil; remainder improved and unimproved earth Inland waterways: 2,250 km including Zambezi River, Luapula River, Lake Kariba, Lake Bangweulu, Lake Tanganyika; principal port on Lake Tanganyika is Mpu- lungu (of only local importance) Pipelines: 724 km crude oil Civil air: 9 major transport aircraft Airfields: 167 total, 161 usable; 12 with permanent-sur- face runways; 1 with runway over 3,660 m, 2 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 21 with runways 1,220-2,439 in Telecommunications: all services being modernized and increased; presently adequate but must be expanded to permit growth; high-capacity wire and radio relay connect centers of Kitwe in northern mining region and Lusaka along axial north-south route; 77,400 telephones; 100,000 radio and 22,500 TV receivers; 4 AM, 1 FM, and 3 TV stations; 1 Indian Ocean satellite station DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 1,160,000; 603,000 fit for military service Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1977, $79 million; 12.9% of central government budget UNITED STATES Thisose th"Factswishhingeet"toonmathe U.S. is Provided solely as a service to make rough comparisons of foreign country data with a U.S. "yardstick." Information is from U. S. open sources and publications and in no sense represents estimates by the U.S. intelligence community. Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 LAND 9,363,396 km2 (contiguous U.S. plus Alaska and Hawaii); 19% cultivated, 27% grazing and pasture, 32% forested, 22% and other WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 nm (fishing 200 nm) Coastline: 19,924 km PEOPLE Population: 216,745,000 (July growth rate 0.8% (current) 1977), average annual Ethnic divisions: 86.9% white, 11.4% black, 1.7% Religion: total membership in religious 131,434,000; Protestant 71,649,000, Roman 48,460,000, Jewish 6,115,000, other religions Language: English, predominantly Literacy: almost complete Labor force: 92 million (1974) Organized labor: 23.4% of total (1972) other bodies, Catholic GOVERNMENT Legal name: United States of America Legal system: based on English common law; dual system of courts, state and federal; constitution adopted 1789; judicial review of legislative acts; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations Voting strength (1976 presidential election): Democratic Party (Carter), 40,291,626 (51%); Republican Party (Ford), 38,563,089 (48%); minor parties, 826,258 (preliminary figures) Communists: party membership, 10,000-11,000 (est.); General Secretary, Gus Hall Member of: ADB, ANZUS, CENTO, Colombo Plan, DAC, FAO, GATT, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, IDA, IDB, IEA, IFC, IHO, ILO, International Lead and Zinc Study Group, IMCO, IMF, IPU, ITC, ITU, IWC- International Whaling Commission, IWC-International Wheat Council, NATO, OAS, OECD, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO, WSG ECONOMY GNP: $1,516 billion (1975); 64% private consumption, 12% private investment, 24% government; $7,100 per capita; 1975 growth rate -1.8% (constant 1972 dollars) STATES Fishing: catch 2.2 million metric tons (1974), valued at $898 million; imports $1,478 million, edible products (1974); exports $195 million, edible products (1974) Crude steel: 106 million metric tons produced (1975), 500 kg per capita Electric power: 531,287,000 kW capacity (1976); 2 trillion kWh produced (1976), 9,456 kWh per capita est. Exports: $107.6 billion (f.o.b., 1975); machinery and transport equipment, chemicals, cereals, mineral fuels Imports: $103.4 billion (c.i.f., 1975); transport equipment, machinery, mineral fuels, steel, nonferrous metals, metal ores Major trade partners: 21% Canada, 10% Japan, 5% West Germany, 4% U.K. (1975) Official development assistance (aid): obligations loan authorizations (FY75), economic $7.7 billion, $2.3 billion Budget: National Accounts and Basis, expenditures $323.7 billion, revenues $287.6 billion Fiscal year: 1. October-30 September COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 27'7,686 km (1973) Highways: 6,059,200 km (1972) Inland waterways: 40,416 km of navigable inland channels, exclusive of the Great Lakes; freight carried 951 million short tons (1970) Pipelines: petroleum, 279,966 km (1972) Ports: 25 major Merchant marine: 600 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 9,982,730 GRT, 14,722,666 DWT; includes 3 passenger, 5 short-sea passenger, 163 cargo, 119 container, 14 roll-on/ roll-off cargo, 234 tanker, 1 liquefied gas, 17 bulk, 2 combination ore/oil, 23 LASH Seebee and barge carriers, 19 specialized carriers; in addition there are 178 ships in reserve fleet Civil air: 5,413 major transport aircraft (1975) Airfields: 15,257 (1976) Telecommunications: 4,398 AM, 3,151 FM, 940 TV broadcast stations (1974); 147 million telephones (1975), 65 telephones per 100 population (1975); 360 million radio and 110 million TV receivers DEFENSE FORCES Personnel: army 1,148,000, navy and marines 1,065,000, air force 942,000 (1973) Military budget: $80.6 billion (1974 est.) Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 I Canada U nite[I O" J Thule S to Fairbanks Pacific Ocean 9 ictoria Island U n i t e d S Oklahoma City Ellesmere slandA" Hudson Bay Churchill- a n La d Lake 'Winnipeg ydney Winnipeg ",,? lottetown . Fre t Halifax, Milwaukee. Chicago . St. Louis t e s OOUNDARY REPRESENTATION 15 NOT NECESSARILY AUTHORITATIVE Montreal . ottawa Saint Johns Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 II Middle America e. Los Angeles ~ Mazatlan Mexico w Orleans Gulf of Mexico ;Tampico *Mexico P a c i f c O c e a n A t l a n t i c 0 c e a n Puerto RICO _virg~n is. (U S.. U K (U.S.' Re "Anguil la(J.KJ St. Cheslopher(u,Ks Yea V,IVBVIB Cuade(oupe _:- K Dom;nica i U K ID MartU q e)F. f,S*. Luc;a(U.K. Q flSt. Vincent UK"Barbados Netherlands Aati3les 'Granada c~r.~ ?-~-?~---"Trinidad *Bogota Colombia BOUNDARY REPRESENTATION IS NOT NECESSARILY AUTHORITATIVE Ecuador Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01 (A0cfthQAAerica Barranquilla,- Canal Zone North Atlantic Ocean South Atlantic Ocean Falkland Is. ilglas Mawmae) (Admi, by U.K. claimed by Argentina) South Georgia (U K,) BOUNDARY RGFRESGNYATION IS NO ti NECESSARILY AUTHORITA'T'IVE 502849 7-77 Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 IV Europe Greenland (Denmark) ? 11 rt ~ n Norwegian Reykjavik Iceland Faroe Is. (Dee.) 6 {~' liermaR Berlin Federal C Dem. Rep. Bonn ...C,.~s,.e Marseille Barcelona Q 0 Balearic Is. Munich (' Vienna,_)?b *Budapest r. - Crete Sea Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 V The Middle East U.S.S.R. ,,,,Tuapse Alexandra Cairo* Egypt Kirktk. Iraq Baghdad* (p Oanuai n....o., std., ?7 \ -- United Arab __M Emirates Yemen *Sana (Sana), 0 500 Kilometers 500 lea Names and boundary representation are not necessarily authoritative Indian Ocean Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051A0009000100M$ Africa Azores Port) North Atlantic Ocean ,,Cape Verde E ~jrouzakc6t~, 9r" Praia S.? gat k Guinea Freetown Sierra * 7uagad go ipwer Volta Central Atricad Empire Uganda Kisan Kam la gan. *., Kigali- Z a i r e Rwanda Bujumbura; "Botswan Gaborone-, Lake ' Tanganyik Caspian ;Sea S o u t h t I a n t i c Ocean Names and boundary representation are not ni'cessarily authoritative Eq. Guinea Sao Tome and, ~J Principe * Sao Tome. Mediterranean Sea or Israel; \ Namibia (South West Atrica) Walvis Bay aWindhoek (S. Al.) l1 Cape Town South Africa ` I sdt Djibot( -bouti i Somalia *Mogadiscio *Sali bury *Antananarivo Southern i(deira Madh asCar// IVorl"V~Id1 j'thodesia ~, atTib lC,U@ Reunion Q; .) Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 Approved For Release 2004/11/01: CIA-RDP79-01VVIA0C 9%21%nd Asia United $$ates T -.. Iceland U.S.S.R. .Kuybyshev *Sverdlavsk .Volgograd Omsk Greenland tDenmark) Jhinese tine of control Ha-erh-pi (Harbin) VI ivoatok } Shenyang. Pth r .Tashkent ones ra, Wu-t,-mu-eh'i ei-thire T"P Yn9Yan9 okYo (Urumchi) pao-t'ou~tpeking), Weshlh 5 u kh ,.s :'wlnn (Kashgar) p/..~ Japan Ch'ing-lao Saudi Arabia Kathmad .Ahmadaabdd Lan-thou. Hot-a i. '^ n (SI ) NAMF_S A irj r9CUNDARY REPRFt-IN/STICN ARE NOT NECEEEARIIY AU IkKI I'I AT'.VE aipei IT Kuang-ch u aiwan ~K'an-ming (Cant n) Macau Wong Kong e' I..(P I (g.KJ Manllaa / Phlhlpp*ne5 q1o Chi Minh City) Brunei (U.K K- Lumpur Saraw k MaIaysta S:ngapare aliments mbang~ p p 6 armasin` ndonc ~~~....??111111 Surabaya- Pacific Ocean Papua New Guinea 503195 7-77 (540317) Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 Approved For Release 2004/11/01 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000900010002-6 2 W ma .,e A R r ~ KE,g4, tM,r FC~S fl ro ro 0 0 c~a fA o n 0 a N fy = o m Z D 7 'a(D ?-'e U1-, m T ~ O ~ SR t'ir ~ _ I O N

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NATIONAL BASIC INTELLIGENCE FACTBOOK