BASIC INTELLIGENCE FACTBOOK

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP79-01051A000400010002-1
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 364
• Document Creation Date: December 16, 2016
• Document Release Date: August 25, 2004
• Sequence Number: 2
• Publication Date: December 1, 1971
• Content Type: NIS

BASIC INTELLIGENCE FACTBOOK
DECEMBER 1971
DIA review(s) completed.
Supersedes the June 1971 issuance of this Factbook,
copies of which should be destroyed.
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The Basic Intelligence Factbook, a compilation of
basic data on political entities worldwide, is coordinated
and published semiannually as part of the NIS Program by
the Office of Basic and Geographic Intelligence. The data
are prepared by components of the Defense Intelligence
Agency and the Central Intelligence Agency. Comments
and suggestions should be addressed to the Office of Basic
and Geographic Intelligence (Attn: NIS Factbook), Central
Intelligence Agency, Washington, D. C. 20505.
Additional copies of the Factbook are obtainable
through established channels for dissemination of the NIS.
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ABBREVIATIONS FOR INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS
AAPSO Afro-Asian People's Solidarity Organization
ADB Asian Development Bank
ANZUS ANZUS Council ; treaty signed by Australia, New Zealand,
and the United States
ASA Association of Southeast Asia
ASPAC Asian and Pacific Council
BENELUX Belgium, Netherlands, Luxembourg Economic Union
BLEU Belgium-Luxembourg Economic Union
CACM Central American Common Market
CARIFTA Caribbean Free Trade Association
CEMA Council for Mutual Economic Assistance
CENTO Central Treaty Organization
Colombo Plan
Council of Europe
DAC Development Assistance.Committee (OECD)
EAMA African States associated with the EEC
EC European Communities (EEC, ECSC, EURATOM)
ECSC European Coal and Steel Community
EEC European Economic Community (Common Market)
EFTA European Free Trade Association
EIB European Investment Bank
ELDO European Launcher Development Organization
EMA European Monetary Agreement
ENTENTE Political-Economic Association of Ivory Coast, Dahomey,
Niger, Upper Volta, and Togo
ESRO European Space Research Organization
EURATOM European Atomic Energy Community
IADB Inter-American Defense Board
ICFTU International Confederation of Free Trade Unions
IDB Inter-American Development Bank
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ABBRS
IFCTU International Federation of Christian Trade Unions
IHB International Hydrographic Bureau
IRC International Red Cross
LAFTA Latin American Free Trade Association
LICROSS League of Red Cross Societies
NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization
OAPEC Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries
OAS Organization of American States
OAU Organization of African Unity
OCAM Afro-Malagasy Common Organization
ODECA Organization of Central American States
OECD Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development
OPEC Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries
SEATO South-East Asia Treaty Organization
UAM Union Africaine et Malgache
UEAC Union of Central African States
UDEAC Economic and Customs Union of Central Africa
WEU Western European Union
WFTU World Federation of Trade Unions
WPC World Peace Council
UNITED NATIONS (U.N.): STRUCTURE AND RELATED
Principal Organs:
SC Security Council
GA General Assembly
ECOSOC Economic and Social Council
TC Trusteeship Council
ICJ International Court of Justice
Secretariat
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 For CIA ApUNITED NATIONSI ~UsN ~004STRUCTURE ANNRDPLA9rLD OA5G' CQf4Q0o0~1t0,0A2-1
Operating Bodies:
UNCTAD U.N. Conference for Trade and Development
TDB Trade and Development Board
UNICEF U.N. Children's Fund
Regional Economic Commissions:
ECA Economic Commission for Africa
ECAFE Economic Commission for Asia and the Far East
ECE Economic Commission for Europe
ECLA Economic Commission for Latin America
Intergovernmental Agencies Related to the U.N.:
FAO Food and Agriculture Organization
GATT General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
IBRD International Bank for Reconstruction and Development
(World Bank)
ICAO International Civil Aviation Organization
IDA International Development Association (IBRD Affiliate)
IFC International Finance Corporation (IBRD Affiliate)
ILO International Labor Organization
IMCO Inter-Governmental Maritime Consultative Organization
IMF (FUND) International Monetary Fund
ITU International Telecommunication Union
UNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization
UPU Universal Postal Union
WHO World Health Organization
WMO World Meteorological Organization
Autonomous Organization Under the U.N.:
IAEA International Atomic Energy Agency
Committees:
Seabeds Committee United Nations Committee on the Peaceful Uses of the
Sea-Bed and Ocean Floor beyond the Limits of National
Jurisdiction
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Political, sociological, and economic data, including monetary conversion
rates, generally reflect information through mid-October 1971, except for population
estimates, which have been projected to 1 January 1972. Military manpower estimates
are as of 1 January 1972 except for average number of males reaching military age,
which are projected averages for the 5-year period 1971-75. Military and communications
data are as of 1 October 1971 unless otherwise indicated.
Most of the land utilization estimates are rough approximations, and most of
the statistical data are rounded (thousands and millions). Figures for "arable" may
reflect only the area actually under crops rather than the potential cultivable.
Fishing limits are included only when they differ from the territorial limits.
For some countries GDP, rather than GNP, is shown. The difference between the
two is in the addition or subtraction of the value of return on foreign investment.
GDP equals GNP plus income earned in the country but sent abroad, minus income earned
abroad but sent into the country. GDP thus tends to exceed GNP in debtor countries,
and the reverse is true in creditor countries.
Major ports are the largest maritime ports of the country, relative to other
ports of the same country, on the basis of estimated port capacity, alongside berthing
accommodations, and commercial or naval importance. Minor ports are the remaining
ports of a country which have, relative to the major ports, significantly lower
estimated port capacity, fewer alongside berthing accommodations, are of less
commercial or naval importance. Major transport aircraft are those weighing over 20,000
pounds. Military budgets are in U.S. dollar equivalents. The dollar sign refers to
U.S. dollars unless otherwise stated. The abbreviation FY stands for fiscal year; all
years are calendar years unless otherwise indicated.
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LAND:
250,000 sq. mi.; 22% arable (including 6.5% cultivated),
5% pasture, 71% desert, waste or urban, 2% forested
Land boundaries: 3,390 mi.
Language: 50% Pushtu, 35% Afghan Persian (Dari), 11% Turkic languages (primarily
Uzbeki and Turkmeni), 10% 30 minor languages (primarily Baluchi and Pashai);
much bilingualism
Literacy: under 10%
Labor force: about 4.3 million (official est.); 75%-80% agriculture and animal
husbandry, 15%-25% commerce, small industry, services; massive shortage of
skilled labor
Organized labor: none
PEOPLE:
Population: about 18 million, average annual growth rate
2.5% (FY65-70); males 15-49, about 4.7 million; 2.5
million fit for military service; about 165,000 reach
military age (22) annually
Ethnic divisions: 50% Pushtuns, 25% Tajiks, 9% Uzbeks,
9% Hazaras, minor ethnic groups include Chahar,
Turkmen, Kizelbashes, and others
Religion: 87% Sunni Muslim, 12% Shia Muslim, 1% other
GOVERNMENT:
Legal name: Kingdom of Afghanistan
Type: constitutional monarchy
Capital: Kabul
Political subdivisions: 28 provinces with centrally appointed governors
Legal system: based on Islamic law; constitution adopted 1964; although provided
for in the law on judicial organization, there has as yet been no judicial
review of legislative acts; legal education at University of Kabul; has not
accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Branches: bicameral legislature with cabinet responsible to lower house
(People's Council); although elected Parliament is exerting increasing
influence, it has not as yet passed much significant legislation or established
effective control over the centralized administration and has no real voice
in military matters; progressive forces led by King liberalizing the regime;
independent judiciary established in 1967, has not yet had a major institutional
impact; it is too early to assess its future role
Government leaders: King Mohammad Zahir Shah; Prime Minister Abdul Zahir
Suffrage: universal over age 20
Elections: first free nationwide direct elections by secret ballot and universal
suffrage (under 1964 Constitution) held for Parliament August and September
1965; second elections held August and September 1969; lower house of Parliament
(216 deputies) and one-third (28 Senators) of upper house (Council of Elders)
elected for 4-year terms; 28 Senators appointed by King; remaining 28
Senators to be elected by Provincial Councils when formed
Political parties and leaders: no political parties permitted yet, but enabling
legislation has been passed by Parliament and awaits the King's signature;
several groups have begun to meet informally, extremists of left and right
best organized
Communists: there are 2 pro-Moscow Communist groups which are ideologically
pro-Soviet; size is reported to be about 350-500 active members; several
other groups, further to left, with several hundred members and sympathizers
Other political or pressure groups: progressive forces led by King Zahir and
cabinet dominate current situation with nascent leftist and rightist groups
forming for action when parties are permitted
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 GOVERNMENT (~c~troed For Release 2004/08/31 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000400010002-1
Member of: ADB, Colombo Plan, FAO, FUND, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, ILO, IMCO,
ITU, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO
ECONOMY:
GNP: $1.0 billion (1969-70), less than $100 per capita; real growth rate 3%
(1969-70)
Agriculture: agriculture and animal husbandry account for over 50% of GNP and
occupy nearly 90% of the labor force; main crops -- wheat, cotton, fruits,
nuts; largely self-sufficient; food shortages -- sugar, tea, wheat
Major industries: cottage industries, food processing, textiles, cement, coal
mining
Electric power: 254,000 kw. capacity (1969); 410 million kw.-hr. produced
(1969), 26 kw.-hr. per capita
Exports: $81 million (f.o.b., 1969-70); fruits and nuts, karakul, cotton, wool
natural gas petroleum,
Imports: $135.0 million (c.i.f., 1969-70); textiles, sugar, tea, p
transportation equipment
Major trade partners: exports -- U.S., U.K., U.S.S.R., and India; imports
about half from U.S.S.R.
Monetary conversion rate: 45 Afghanis per US$1 (official); 89.69 Afghanis per
US$1 (July 1971)
Fiscal year: 21 March - 20 March
COMMUNICATIONS:
Railroads: 6 mi. (single track) 5'0"-gage, government-owned spur of Soviet line
Highways: 10,740 mi.; 420 mi. concrete, 980 mi. bituminous surfaced, 2,100 mi.
gravel, 3,630 mi. improved earth, and 3,610 mi. unimproved earth
Inland waterways: total navigability 760 mi.; steamers use Amu Darya
Ports: only minor river ports
Civil air: 5 major transport aircraft
Airfields: 64 total, 35 usable; 9 with permanent-surface runways; 6 with runways
8,000-11,999 ft., 12 with runways 4,000-7,999 ft.
Telecommunications: limited telephone, telegraph, and radiobroadcast services,
barely sufficient to meet civil and military requirements; 13,967 telephones;
200,000 radio receivers; no TV receivers; 1 AM, no FM, no TV stations
DEFENSE FORCES:
Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 March 1971, $28.8 million; 16.3%
of total budget
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NIS 20 ALBANIA
"LAND:
11,100 sq. mi.; 19% arable, 24% other agricultural, 43%
forested, 14% other (1967)
Land boundaries: 445 mi.
WATER:
Limits of territorial waters: 12 n. mi.
Coastline: 225 mi. (including Sazan Island)
Population: 2,212,000, average annual growth rate 2.7% A fII' S -
-...p B
(current); males 15-49, 525,000; 432,000 fit for mil I. BV EGYPT
i-
tary service; 24,000 reach military age (19) annually
Ethnic divisions: 96% Albanian, remaining 4% are Greeks, Vlachs, Gypsies, and
Bulgarians
Religion: 70% Muslim, 20% Albanian Orthodox, 10% Roman Catholic (observances
prohibited; Albania claims to be the world's first atheist state)
Language: Albanian Greek
Literacy: about 70%; no reliable current statistics available, but probably
greatly improved
Labor force: 911,000 (1967); 60.5% agriculture, 17.9% industry, 21.6% other
nonagricultural
GOVERNMENT:
Legal name: People's Republic of Albania
Type: Communist state
Capital: Tirane
Political subdivisons: 27 rethet (districts), including capital, 200 localities,
2,600 villages
Legal system: based on Soviet law; constitution adopted 1950; judicial review
of legislative acts only in the Presidium of the People's Assembly, which
is not a true court; legal education at State University of Tirane; has not
accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Branches: People's Assembly, Council of Ministers, judiciary
Government leaders: President, Presidium of the People's Assembly, Haxhi Lleshi;
Chairman of Ministers, Mehmet Shehu
Suffrage: universal and compulsory over age 18
Elections: national elections theoretically held every 4 years; last elections
September 1970
Political parties and leaders: Albanian Workers Party only; First Secretary,
Enver Hoxha
Voting strength (1970 election); 99.9% Communist
Communists: 75,637 party members (1970)
Member of: CEMA, IAEA, ITU, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO; has not participated
in CEMA since rift with U.S.S.R. in 1961; officially withdrew from Warsaw
Pact 13 September 1968
ECONOMY:
GNP: $0.8 billion in 1970 (at 1969 prices), $400 per capita
Agriculture: food deficit area; main crops -- corn, wheat, tobacco, sugar beets,
cotton; food shortages -- wheat; caloric intake, 2,100 calories per day per
capita (1961/62)
Major industries: agricultural processing, textiles and clothing, lumber, and
extractive industries
Shortages: spare parts, machinery and equipment, wheat
Exports: $80 million (1969 est.); 1964 trade -- 55% minerals, metals, fuels;
17% agricultural materials (except foods); 23% foodstuffs (including
cigarettes); 5% consumer goods
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Imports: $143 million (1969 est.); 1964 trade -- 50% machinery, equipment, and
spare parts; 16% minerals, metals, fuels, construction materials; 7%
fertilizers, other chemicals, rubber; 4% agricultural materials (except
foodstuffs); 16% foodstuffs; 7% consumer goods
Monetary conversion rate: 5 leks=US$l (commercial); 12.5 leks=US$l (noncommercial)
Fiscal year: same as calendar year; economic data reported for calendar years
except for caloric intake, which is reported for consumption year
1 July - 30 June
COMMUNICATIONS:
Railroads: 127 mi. standard gage, single track; government owned (1971)
Highways: 3,100 mi.; 300 mi. paved, 1,200 mi. crushed stone and/or gravel, 1,600
mi. improved or unimproved earth (1971)
Inland waterways: 27 mi. plus Albanian sections of Lake Scutari, Lake Ohrid,
and Lake Prespa (1971)
Freight carried: rail -- 2.8 million short tons, 109.6 million short ton/mi. (1970);
highways -- 31 million short tons, 519.9 million short ton/mi. (1970)
Merchant marine: 11 cargo ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 53,000 GRT, 72,700
DWT, includes 8 cargo, 3 bulk
Pipelines: crude oil, 110 mi.
Civil air: no major transport aircraft (1971)
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LAND:
950,000 sq. mi.; 3% cultivated, 16% pasture and meadows,
1% forested, 80% desert, waste, or urban (1967)
Land boundaries: 3,890 mi.
WATER:
Limits of territorial waters: 12 n. mi.
Coastline: 735 mi.
Labor force: 2.8 million; 47% agriculture, 8% industry, 24% other (military,
police, civil service, transportation workers, teachers, merchants,
construction workers); 40% of urban labor unemployed
Organized labor: 17% of labor force claimed; General Union of Algerian
Workers (UGTA) is the only labor organization and is subordinate to the
National Liberation Front
PEOPLE:
Population: 14,422,000, average annual growth rate 3.1%
(FY69); males 15-49, 3,453,000; 1,980,000 fit for
military service; average number reaching military age
(19) annually 135,000
Ethnic divisions: 99% Arab-Berbers, less than 1% Europeans
Religion: 99% Muslim, 1% Christian and Hebrew
Language: Arabic (offici.al), French, Berber dialects
Literacy: 25% (5% Arabic, 9% French, 11% both)
GOVERNMENT:
Legal name: Democratic and Popular Republic of Algeria
Type: republic
Capital: Algiers
Political subdivisions: 15 Wilayas (departments or provinces)
Legal system: based on French and Islamic law, with socialist principles;
constitution adopted by referendum 1963; judicial review of legislative acts
in ad hoc Constitutional Council composed of various public officials,
including several Supreme Court justices; Supreme Court divided into 4
chambers; legal education at University of Algiers; has not accepted
compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Branches: executive dominant, unicameral legislature has not met since June
1965 coup d'etat but was never formally suspended, judiciary
Government leader: Houari Boumediene, President of Council of the Revolution
and President of the Council of Ministers, overthrew elected President
Ahmed Ben Bella 19 June 1965
Suffrage: universal over age 19
Elections: presidential 15 September 1963; departmental assemblies 25 May 1969;
local councils 14 February 1971
Political parties and leaders: National Liberation Front (FLN), Ahmed Kaid
Voting strength (1963 election): 100% FLN
Communists: 400 (est.); Communist Party illegal (banned 1962)
Member of: Arab League, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, ILO, IMCO, IMF, ITU, OAU,
OPEC, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO
ECONOMY:
Agriculture: main crops -- bread grains, wine, citrus fruits
Major industries: petroleum (1970 crude production 47 million tons), light
industries, natural gas, mining, petrochemical and steel plants under
construction
Electric power: 1,462,000 kw. capacity (1970); 1,536 million kw.-hr. produced
(1970), 110 kw.-hr. per capita
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ECONOMY (coe~?
Monetary conversion rate: 4.937 dinars=US$l (prior to 15 August 1971); currently
1 dinar=1.12 French francs, dollars converted at free market rate
Fiscal year: calendar year
COMMUNICATIONS:
Railroads: 2,414 mi.; 1,660 mi. standard gage, 663 mi. 315 9/16" gage, 91 mi.
meter gage; 188 mi. electrified; 120 mi. double track
Highways: 40,600 mi., of which 17,000 mi. are concrete or bituminous and the
remainder gravel or crushed stone
Ports: 9 major, 8 minor
Merchant marine: 10 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 80,100 GRT, 116,300 DWT;
includes 6 cargo, 2 tanker, 1 bulk, 1 specialized carrier
Pipelines: crude oil, 2,251 mi.; refined products, 177 mi.; natural gas, 494 mi.
Civil air: 21 major transport aircraft
Airfields: 233 total, 186 usable; 55 with permanent-surface runways; 17 with
runways 8,000-11,999 ft., 109 with runways 4,000-7,999 ft.; 3 seaplane
stations
Telecommunications: adequate domestic and international facilities in the north,
primarily radio communications in the desert; 182,000 telephones; 1,100,000
radio receivers; 250,000 TV receivers; 16 AM and 9 TV stations; 3 submarine
cables
DEFENSE FORCES:
Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1970, $99,250,000;
approximately 4.1% of national budget
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LAND:
180 sq. mi. (1968)
Land boundaries: 65 mi.
PEOPLE:
Population: 24,000, average annual growth rate 9.6% (FY65-69)
Ethnic divisions: Catalan stock; 44% Andorrans, 50%
Spanish, 3% French, 3% other
Religion: virtually all Roman Catholic
Language: Catalan, many also speak some French and
Castilian
Labor force: unorganized; largely shepherds and farmers
GOVERNMENT:
Legal name: The Valleys of Andorra
Capital: Andorra
Political subdivisions: 6 districts -- Andorra la Vella, Sant Julia de Loria,
Encamp, Canillo, La Massana, and Ordino
Type: unique coprincipality under formal sovereignty of President of France and
Spanish Bishop of Seo de Urgel, who are represented by veguers
Legal system: based on French and Spanish civil codes; Plan of Reform adopted
1866 serves as constitution; no judicial review of legislative acts; has
not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Branches: legislature (General Council) of 24 members with one-half elected
every 2 years for 4-year term; executive -- syndic and a deputy sub-syndic
chosen by General Council for 3-year terms; judiciary chosen by coprinces
who appoint 2 civil judges, a judge of appeals, and 2 Batles (court
prosecutors)
Suffrage: males of 25 or over who are third generation Andorrans vote for
General Council members; same right granted to women in April 1970
Elections: half of General Council chosen every 2 years, last election December
1971
Political parties and leaders: no political parties but only partisans for
particular independent candidates for the General Council, on the basis of
competence and personality
ECONOMY:
Agriculture: sheep raising; small quantities of tobacco, rye, wheat, barley,
oats, and some vegetables (only 25% of land can be used for agriculture)
Major industries: tourism (800,000 in 1965), one cigarette factory (annual
output $800,000), handicrafts, smuggling (tobacco to France; manufactured
items, including automobiles and cameras, to Spain)
Shortages: food
Electric power: 25,000 kw. capacity (1970); 100 million kw.-hr. produced (1970),
400 kw.-hr. per capita; power is mainly exported to Spain and France
Major trade partners: Spain, France
COMMUNICATIONS:
Railroads: none
Highways: about 60 mi
Civil air: no major transport aircraft
Airfields: none
Telecommunications: 2 AM and 1 FM radiobroadcast facilities, 1 TV repeater
station; manual telephone system serving about 1,700 telephones; 8,000
radio receivers, 2,500 TV receivers
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DEFENSE FORCES:
Andorra has no defense forces; Spain and France are responsible for protection
as needed
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ANGOLA
LAND:
481,000 sq. mi.; 1% cultivated, 44% forested, 22% meadows
and pastures, 33% other (including fallow) (1965)
Land boundaries: 3,150 mi.
WATER:
Limits of territorial waters: claims 6 n. mi. (fishing
12 n. mi.)
Coastline: 1,000 mi.
PEOPLE:
Population: 5,745,000, average annual growth rate 1.6%
(December 60-70); males 15-49, 1,422,000, fit for military
service, 710,000; average number reaching military age (20) annually about
60 , 000
Ethnic divisions: 93.6% Negro, 5% Europeans, 1.4% mulatto (1960)
Religion: about 84% animist, 12% Roman Catholic, 4% Protestant
Language: Portuguese (official), many native dialects
Literacy: 10%-15%
Labor force: 2.6 million economically active (1964); 531,000 wage workers (1967)
Organized labor: approx. 65,000 (1967)
GOVERNMENT:
Legal name: Province of Angola
Type: overseas province of Portugal
Capital: Luanda
Political subdivisions: 15 administrative districts including the coastal
exclave of Cabinda
Legal system: Portuguese civil codes and customary law; legal education
obtained in Portugal
Branches: Governor General appointed by Ministry of Overseas in Lisbon is
executive officer responsible for internal administration; he also has
prescribed legislative functions which he shares with Legislative Council
of elected and nominated members; all action in province may be vetoed by
Minister of Overseas; independent judiciary
Government leader: Governor General Lt. Col. Camilo Rebocho Vaz
Suffrage: all adults able to read and write Portuguese and in full possession
of political and civil rights
Political parties and leaders:, only legal group is Portuguese National Popular
Action (ANP), formerly the National Union (UN)
Other political or pressure groups: principal opposition groups which are
carrying out insurgency are Revolutionary Government of Angola in exile (GRAE)
led by Holden Roberto; Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA),
led by Agostinho Neto; and National Union for the Total Independence of Angola
(UNITA), led by Jonas Savimbi
ECONOMY:
GNP: $1,100 million (1969 est.), about $200 per capita
Agriculture: cash crops -- coffee, sisal, corn, cotton, sugar, manioc, and
tobacco; food crops -- cassava, corn, vegetables, plantains, bananas, and
other local foodstuffs; largely self-sufficient in food
Fishing: catch 293,000 tons (1968); exports 73,000 tons, $11 million (1968)
Major industries: mining (iron, oil, diamonds), fish processing, brewing, tobacco,
sugar processing, cement, food processing plants, building construction
Electric power: 433,000 kw. capacity (1970); 694 million kw.-hr. produced
(1970), 125 kw.-hr. per capita
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Exports: $422.6 million (f.o.b., 1970); coffee (50%), diamonds, sisal, fish and
fish products, iron ore, oil, timber, and corn
Imports: $326.6 million (c.i.f., 1970); capital equipment (machinery and electrical
equipment), wines, bulk iron and ironwork, steel and metals, vehicles and
spare parts, textiles and clothing, medicines
Major trade partners: main partner Portugal, followed by West Germany, U.S.,
U.K., EC countries (primarily coffee to last three)
Aid: Portugal only donor
Monetary conversion rate: 28.75 escudos=US$l (official)
Fiscal year: calendar year
COMMUNICATIONS:
Railroads: 1,918 mi.; 1,724 mi. 3'6" gage, 194 mi. 1'11 5/8" gage
Highways: 29,000 mi.; 3,000 mi. bituminous-surface treatment, 1,000 mi. crushed
stone or gravel, 25,000 mi. earth
Inland waterways: 2,000 mi. navigable
Ports: 3 major
Pipelines: crude oil, 111 mi.
Civil air: 12 major transport aircraft
Airfields: 448 total, 392 usable; 19 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with
runway over 12,000 ft., 5 with runways 8,000-11,999 ft., 55 with runways
4,000-7,999 ft.; 2 seaplane stations
Telecommunications: simple network of low-capacity open-wire and radio-relay
facilities; 25,300 telephones; 95,000 radio receivers; 21 AM, 7 FM, and no
TV stations
DEFENSE FORCES:
Defense is responsibility of Portugal
Supply: dependent on Portugal
Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1969 $45.7 million; about
16.7% of total budget
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LAND:
108 sq. mi.; 54% arable, 5% pasture, 14% forested,
9% unused but potentially productive, 18% wasteland
and built on (1964)
WATER:
Limits of territorial waters: 3 n. mi.
Coastline: 95 mi.
Religion: Church of England (predominant), other Protestant sects and some
Roman Catholic
Language: English
Literacy: about 80%
Organized labor: 18,000
PEOPLE:
Population: 73,000, average annual growth rate 2.6%
(April 60-70)
Ethnic divisions: almost entirely African Negro
GOVERNMENT:
Legal name: State of Antigua
Type: dependent territory with full internal autonomy as a British "Associated
State"
Capital: St. Johns
Political subdivisions: 6 parishes, 2 dependencies (Barbuda, Redonda)
Legal system: based on English law; British Caribbean Court of Appeal has
exclusive original jurisdiction and an appellate jurisdiction, consists of
Chief, Justice and 5 justices
Government leaders: Premier George Herbert Walter; Governor Wilfred Ebenezer Jacobs
Suffrage: universal suffrage age 21 and over
Elections: every 5 years; last general election 11 February 1971; last by-election
August 1968
Political parties and leaders: Antigua Labor Party (ALP), Vere C. Bird;
Progressive Labor Movement (PLM), George Herbert Walter;
Antigua People's Party (APP), J. Rowan Henry
Voting strength: 1971 election -- Legislative Council seats -- ALP 4, PLM 13,
other 4 unknown
Communists: none known
Member of: CARIFTA
ECONOMY:
GDP: $27.2 million (at factor cost, 1967 est.), $470 per capita
Agriculture: main crops -- sugar, cotton
Major industries: sugar processing, tourism
Shortages: electric power
Electric power: 14,040 kw. nameplate capacity (1970); less than 4,000 kw. operating;
12 million kw.-hr. produced (1969 est.), 189 kw.-hr. per capita
Exports: $2.9 million (f.o.b., 1967); sugar, molasses, cotton
Imports: $22.2 million (c.i.f., 1967); food, clothing, oil, wood
Major trade partners: U.K. 30%, U.S. 25%, Commonwealth Caribbean countries
18% (1966)
Monetary conversion rate: 1.93 East Caribbean dollars=US$l (6 October 1971)
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COMMUNICATIONS:
Railroads: none
Highways: 235 mi.; 150 mi. main, 85 mi. secondary
Ports: 1 minor
Civil air: 8 major transport aircraft 9,000 ft.; 1 seaplane
Airfields: 3 total, 1 usable; 1 with asphalt runway
station
Telecommunications: new automatic telephone system recently installed; 1,450
telephones; tropospheric scatter links with Tortola and St. Lucia; 5,000
radio receivers, 1 AM and 2 TV stations; 2 coaxial submarine cables
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LAND:
1,070,000 sq. mi.; 57% agricultural (11% crops, improved
pasture and fallow, 46% natural grazing land), 25%
forested, 18% mountain, urban, or waste (1968 est.)
Land boundaries: 5,850 mi.
WATER:
Limits of territorial waters: 200 n. mi.
Coastline: 3,100 mi.
PEOPLE:
Population: 23,823,000, average annual growth rate 1.6%
(September 60-70); males 15-49, 6,124,000; 4,535,000
fit for military service; average number reaching military age (20) annually
about 215,000
Ethnic divisions: approximately 85% white, 15% mestizo, Indian, or other
nonwhite groups
Religion: 90% nominally Roman Catholic (less than 20% practicing Roman Catholics),
2% Protestant, 2% Jewish, 6% other
Language: Spanish
Literacy: 85% (90% in Buenos Aires)
Labor force: 9.5 million; 19% agriculture, 25% manufacturing, 11% commerce,
35% other, 4%-5% unemployed
Organized labor: 25% of labor force (est.)
GOVERNMENT:
Legal name: Argentine Republic
Type: republic; military regime in control since coup in June 1966
Capital: Buenos Aires
Political subdivisions: 22 provinces, 1 district (Federal Capital), and 1
territory
Legal system: based on Spanish and French civil codes; constitution adopted
1853 partially superseded in 1966 by the Statute of the Revolution which
takes precedence over the constitution when the two are in conflict;
judicial review of legislative acts; legal education at University of
Buenos Aires and other public and private universities; has not accepted
compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Branches: presidency; national judiciary; legislature dismissed after June
1966 coup
Government leader: Gen. Alesandro Lanusse, President until 1 January 1973, when
the Air Force member of the 3-man junta, that removed Brig. Gen. Roberto
Levingston on 23 March 1971, is scheduled to replace him
Suffrage: universal and compulsory age 18 and over
Elections: present government has announced plans for holding elections
by 25 March 1973
Political parties: ban imposed in 1966 now lifted and parties in process of
reorganizing
Voting strength: the old political groupings probably continue to
command the loyalty of the populace according to the following figures
(est.) -- Peronists (of all types), 35%; Radicals (former People's Radical
Civic Union, UCRP), 25%; Conservatives (former National Federation of
Centrist Parties), 5%; minor parties, 10%; nonaligned, 25%
Other political or pressure groups: Argentine armed forces, Peronist-dominated
labor movement, The Hour of the People (loose grouping of moderate politicians
with various party affiliations), National Meeting of the Argentines (loose
grouping of communist and leftist politicians), Argentine Industrial Union
(manufacturers' association), Argentine Rural Society (large landowners'
association), business organizations, students, and the Catholic Church
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 GOVERNMENT (AR irord For Release 2004/08/31 : CIA-RDP79-01051AO00400010002-1
Member of: FAO, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, IHB, ILO, IMCO, IMF, ITU, LAFTA,
OAS, Seabeds Committee, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO
ECONOMY:
GNP: $31.3 billion (purchasing power parity estimate, 1970), $1,290 per capita;
real growth rate 1970, 4.9%; 68% private consumption, 12% public consumption,
18% gross domestic investment, 2 net foreign balance (1968)
Agriculture: main products -- cereals, oilseeds, livestock products; Argentina
is a major world exporter of temperate zone foodstuffs
Fishing: catch 202,800 metric tons, $15,486,000; exports $1,158,000, imports
$3,659,000
Major industries: food processing (especially meatpacking), motor vehicles,
consumer durables, textiles, chemicals, printing, and metallurgy
Crude steel: 1.82 million metric tons produced (1970); 70 kilograms per capita
Electric power: 6,318,000 kw. capacity (1970); 20.9 billion kw.-hr.
produced (1970), 853 kw.-hr. per capita
Exports: $1,750 million (f.o.b., 1970) -- meat, wheat, corn, wool, hides, oil-
seeds
Imports: $1,550 million (c.i.f., 1970) -- machinery and vehicles, fuel and
lubricating oils, iron and steel, textiles, intermediate industrial products
Major trade partners: exports -- EC 37%, LAFTA 25%, U.S. 11%, U.K. 8%;
imports -- EC 24%, LAFTA 24%, U.S. 23%, U.K. 7%
Aid: economic -- extensions from U.S. (FY46-70), $764.4 million in loans;
$17.6 million in grants; from international organizations (FY46-70), $860.3
million; from other Western countries (1960-66), $315.5 million; from
Communist countries (1954-70) $86.0 million (drawn, $41.0 million);
military -- assistance from U.S. (FY46-70), $129.6 million
Monetary conversion rates: commercial -- 5.00 pesos = US$]; financial -- floating
(6.35 pesos = US$1 on 29 September 1971)
Fiscal year: calendar year
COMMUNICATIONS:
Railroads: 25,000 mi.; 2,000 mi. standard gage (4'8 1/2"), 13,750 mi. broad
gage (5'6") 8,750 mi. meter gage (3'3 3/8"), 500 mi. 2'S 1/2" gage;
about 1,035 mi. double track; 76 mi. electrified; 99.6% government-owned
Highways: 125,000 mi., of which 13,800 mi. paved, 16,000 mi. gravel, 49,300
mi. improved earth, and 45,900 mi. unimproved earth
Inland waterways: 6,800 navigable mi.
Ports: 7 major, 21
Merchant marine: 178 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 1,187,000 GRT,
1,619,000 DWT; includes 6 passenger, 98 cargo, 59 tanker, 10 bulk;
5 specialized carriers; 3 tankers and 4 combination cargo-transport ships
are naval vessels sometimes used commercially
Pipelines: crude oil, 1,163 mi.; refined products 1,374 mi.; natural
gas, 4,061 mi.
Civil air: 58 major transport aircraft
Airfields: 2,110 total, 1,517 usable; 64 with permanent-surface runways;
1 with runway over 12,000 ft., 14 with runways 8,000-11,999 ft., 235 with
runways 4,000-7,999 ft.; 10 seaplane stations
Telecommunications: foremost in telecom facilities in South America; improving
telephone network has slightly over 1.6 million sets, radio relay widely
used, communications satellite ground station; estimated 6.5 million radio
receivers and 3.3 million TV sets; 100 AM, 3 of which are FM, and 30 TV stations;
8 telegraph submarine cables
DEFENSE FORCES:
Military budget: proposed for fiscal year ending 31 December 1970,
$514,150,000 about 15% of total central government budget
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LAND:
32,400 sq. mi.; 20% cultivated, 27% meadows and pastures,
14% waste or urban, 38% forested, 1% inland water (1968)
Land boundaries: 1,605 mi.
Labor force: 3,248,000 (of which 828,200 are self-employed); 18% agriculture
and forestry, 49% industry and crafts, 18% trade and communications, 7%
professions, 6% public service, 2% other; 2.4% registered unemployed; an
estimated 200,000 Austrians are employed in other European countries;
foreign labor about 75,000 (1970)
Organized labor: about 2/3 of wage and salary workers (1971)
PEOPLE:
Population: 7,453,000, average annual growth rate 0.2%
(March 70-71); males 15-49, 1,670,000; 1,345,000 fit for
military service; average number reaching military age
(19) annually about 51,000
Ethnic divisions: 98.1% German, .7% Croatian, .3% Slovene,
.9% other
Religion: 85% Roman Catholic, 7% Protestant, 8% none or other
Language: German
Literacy: 98%
GOVERNMENT:
Legal name: Republic of Austria
Type: federal republic
Capital: Vienna
Political subdivisions: 9 states (Laender) including the capital
Legal system: civil law system with Roman law origin; constitution adopted 1920,
repromulgated in 1945; judicial review of legislative acts by a Constitutional
Court; separate administrative and civil/penal supreme courts; legal education
at Universities of Vienna, Graz, Innsbruck, Salzburg, and Linz; has not
accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Branches: bicameral Parliament, directly elected President whose functions are
largely representational, independent federal judiciary
Government leaders: Chancellor Bruno Kreisky; President Franz Jonas
Suffrage: universal over age 19; compulsory for presidential elections
Elections: presidential, every 6 years (next 1977); parliamentary, every 4
years (next 1975)
Political parties and leaders: Socialist Party of Austria (SPOe), Bruno Kreisky,
Chairman; Austrian People's Party (OeVP), Karl Schleimzer, Chairman; Liberal
Party (FPOe), Friedrich Peter, Chairman; Communist Party, Franz Muhri,
Chairman
Voting strength (1970 election): 50.2% SPOe, 43.0% OeVP, 5.4% FPOe, 0.4% dissident
Socialist, 1.4% Communist
Communists: membership 26,000; activists 7,000-8,000; 60,705 votes in 1971 election
Member of: Council of Europe, ECE, EFTA, IAEA, ICAO, OECD, Seabeds Committee, U.N.,
UNESCO, WHO
ECONOMY:
GNP: $15.0 billion (1970), $2,035 per capita; 56.1% consumption, 29.3% investment,
14.4% government, 2% net exports of goods and services; 1970 growth rate 7.1%
1964 constant prices
Agriculture: livestock, cereals, potatoes, sugar beets; 84% self-sufficient;
caloric intake 2,920 calories per day per capita (1967-68)
Fishing: catch 4,000 metric tons, $3,846,000 (1968); exports $494,000 (1968),
imports $23,514,000 (1968)
Major industries: foods, iron and steel, machinery, textiles, chemicals,
electrical, paper and pulp
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 ECONOMY (cApgpyed For Release 2004/08/31 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000400010002-1
Crude steel: 4.1 million metric tons produced (1970), 550 kilograms per capita
(1970)
Electric power: 7,530,000 kw. capacity (1970); 30,036 million kw.-hr produced
(1970), 3,460 kw.-hr. per capita
Exports: $2.86 billion (f.o.b., 1970); iron and steel products, machinery and
equipment, lumber, textiles and clothing, paper products, chemicals
Imports: $3.55 billion (c.i.f., 1970); machinery and equipment, chemicals,
textiles, coal, petroleum, foodstuffs
Major trade partners: (1970) West Germany 33%, Italy 8%, Switzerland 9%,
U.K. 6.5%, U.S. 4%; EC 49%; EFTA 23%; Communist countries 11%
Aid:
economic -- received - U.S. $1,166.9 million authorized through FY70; IBRD
$104.9 million authorized, none since FY62;
military -- U.S., $113.2 million authorized (FY52-70); net official economic
aid to less developed areas and multilateral agencies -- $189 million
(FY60-70), $24.2 million in FY70
Monetary conversion rate: 24.75 shillings=US$l (official)
Fiscal year: calendar year
COMMUNICATIONS:
Railroads: 4,073 mi.; 3,612 mi. standard gage, 833 mi. double tracked; 433 mi.
2'S 7/8" gage, and 28 mi. electrified 3'3 3/8" narrow gage; 1,584 mi.
electrified
Highways: 20,356 mi. total; 6,056 mi. Federal (5,656 mi. bituminous, concrete,
stone block, 400 mi. crushed stone, gravel, improved earth); 14,290 mi.
Provincial (4,340 mi. bituminous, concrete, stone block, 9,950 mi. crushed
stone, gravel, improved earth); additionally about 38,000 mi. of communal
roads, mostly of gravel, crushed stone, and improved earth
Inland waterways: 267 mi.; carries 5% freight, 6% passengers
Ports: 3 major
Merchant marine: 4 ships (1000 GRT or over) totaling 12,900 GRT, 17,000 DWT;
includes 3 cargo, 1 specialized carrier
Pipelines: crude oil, 450 mi.; natural gas, 535 mi.
Civil air: 9 major transport aircraft
Airfields: 58 total, 47 usable; 11 with permanent-surface runways; 2 with run-
ways 8,000-11,999 ft., 8 with runways 4,000-7,999 ft.
Telecommunications: highly developed and efficient; excellent national and
international services; extensive TV and radiobroadcast systems with 13 AM,
14 FM, and 19 TV stations; 1.33 million telephones; 2 million radio receivers;
1.38 million television receivers
DEFENSE FORCES:
Supply: produces some small arms and ammunition, trucks, and tank destroyers;
current sources of other items are the U.S., Western Europe, Sweden,
and the Communist countries
Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1971, $165.3 million; about
3.9% of the federal budget and 1.2% of GNP
18
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BAHAMAS
? BAHANMAS
Limits of territorial waters: 3 n. mi. (fishing, 12 n. mi.)
Coastline: 2,200 mi. (New Providence Is. 47 mi . )W7Aa~ ,~~ VENEZUELA
PA Anal ~~
LAND:
4,400 sq. mi.; 1% cultivated, 29% forested, 70% built
on, wasteland, and other (1962)
PEOPLE:
Po 1 t' ? 179
000
I'm a ion. ,
, average annual growth rate 3.4%
(November 63-April 70)
Ethnic divisions: 80% Negro, 10% white, 10% mixed PERK 9RAZIL
Religion: mainly Church of England; some Protestant,
Greek Orthodox, and Roman Catholic
Language: English
Labor force: 60,000 (1963)
GOVERNMENT:
Legal name: Commonwealth of the Bahama Islands
Type: British dependent territory with full internal autonomy under U.K. rule
Capital: Nassau (New Providence Island)
Legal system: based on English law
Branches: Governor (appointed by Queen); bicameral legislature (appointed
Senate, elected House); Executive (Premier and cabinet); judiciary
Government leaders: Prime Minister Lynden 0. Pindling; Governor Sir Francis
Cumming-Bruce
Elections: House of Assembly (10 April 1968); next elections must be held by
10 April 1973
Political parties and leaders: Progressive Liberal Party (PLP), predominantly
Negro, Lynden 0. Pindling; United Bahamian Party (UBP), white establishment,
Sir Roland Symonette; Free Progressive Liberal Party (Free PLP), Cecil
Wallace Whitefield
Voting strength (1968 election): 73% PLP, 27% UBP; House of Assembly -- PLP
29 seats, UBP 7 seats, LP 1 seat, independent 1 seat
Communists: none known
ECONOMY:
GNP: not available
Agriculture: main crops -- fruits, vegetables
Major industries: tourism, cement, oil refining, lumber, salt production
Electric power: 59,750 kw. capacity (1970); 247.5 million kw.-hr. produced
(1969 est.), 1,095 kw.-hr. per capita
Exports: $89.6 million (f.o.b., 1970); fuel oil, cement, rum, pulpwood, fruits,
and vegetables
Imports: $337.5 million (c.i.f., 1970); foodstuffs, manufactured goods, crude oil
Major trade partners: exports -- U.S. 61%, U.K. 22%, other 17%; imports -- U.S.
68%, U.K. 9%, Italy 6%, Canada 4%, other 13%
Aid: economic -- authorizations from U.S. (FY56-70) -- $38.6 million in loans,
$0.3 million in grants
Monetary conversion rate: 1.00 Bahamian dollars (B$)=US$l (20 August 1970)
Fiscal year: calendar year
COMMUNICATIONS:
Railroads: none
Highways: 555 mi.; 380 mi. paved, 100 mi. gravel, 20 mi. improved earth; 55 mi.
unimproved earth
Ports: 5 major, 9 minor
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Civil air: no major transport aircraft
Airfields: 56 total, 53 usable; 13 with permanent-surface runways; 3 with
runways 8,000-11,999 ft., 22 with runways 4,000-7,999 ft.; 4 seaplane
stations
Telecommunications: telecom facilities highly developed, including 53,800
telephones in totally automatic system; tropospheric scatter link with
Florida; 55,000 radio receivers and 16,000 TV sets, 1 AM station; 2 special
coaxial submarine cables; plan TV station for color broadcasts and new cable
connection with the United States
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LAND:
230 sq. mi. plus group of smaller islands; 5% cultivated,
negligible forested area, remainder desert, waste,
or urban
WATER:
Limits of territorial waters: claim is 3 n. mi.
Coastline: 100 mi.
PEOPLE:
Population: 223,000, average annual growth rate 3.1%
(FY67-68); males 15-49, 59,000; fit for military
service 32,000
Religion:
Language:
Literacy:
Muslim
Arabic
about 30%
(1965)
Labor force: 53,274
(1965)
GOVERNMENT:
Legal name: State of Bahrain
Type: traditional monarchy; independence declared in 1971
Capital: Al Manamah
Legal system: based on Islamic law and English common law
Government leader: Amir 'Isa ibn Salman Al-Khalifah
Political parties and pressure groups: political parties prohibited; no significant
pressure groups although numerous small clandestine groups are active
Communists: few known
Member of: Arab League, U.N.
ECONOMY:
Agriculture: produces dates, alfalfa, vegetables; dairy and poultry farming;
fishing; not self-sufficient in food
Major industries: petroleum refining, boatbuilding, shrimp fishing, and
sailmaking on a small scale; major development projects include aluminum
smelter, flourmill, and ISA town
Electric power: 108,000 kw. capacity (1970); 270 million kw.-hr. produced (1970),
1,250 kw.-hr. per capita
Imports: $168 million (1970)
Major trade partners: U.K., Japan, U.S., EC
Aid: economic -- multilateral western $360,000 (annual average 1967-69)
Monetary conversion rate: 1 Bahrain dinar=US$2.10 (official)
Fiscal year: 1 April - 31 March
COMMUNICATIONS:
Highways: 120 mi. bituminous surfaced; undetermined mileage of natural surface
tracks
Ports: 1 major
Pipelines: crude oil, 34 mi.; refined products, 9 mi.; natural gas, 19 mi.
Civil air: 8 major transport aircraft (all registered in the U.K.)
Airfields: 5 total, 3 usable; 1 with permanent-surface runway; 1 with runway over
12,000 ft; 1 with runway 4,000-7,999 ft.; 1 seaplane station
Telecommunications: excellent international radiocommunications; limited
domestic services; 10,800 telephones; 56,500 radio receivers; 10,000 TV sets;
1 AM radiobroadcast station; satellite earth station; tropospheric scatter
Bahrain-Qatar
BAHRAIN
SAUDI ?","p __
Ethnic divisions: 90% Arab, 7% Iranian, Pakistani, and Indian, 3% other
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LAND:
166 sq. mi.; 60% cropped, 10% permanent meadows, 30% built
on, waste, other (1960)
WATER:
Limits of territorial waters: 3 n. mi.
Coastline: 60 mi.
PEOPLE:
Population: 257,000, average annual growth rate 0.2%
(April 60-70); males 15-49, 53,000; 38,000 fit for
military service; average number reaching military age,
(18) annually, 3,000; no conscription
Ethnic divisions: 80% African, 15% mixed, 5% European
Religion: Anglican, Roman Catholic, Methodist, and Moravian
Language: English
Literacy: over 90%
Labor force: 60,000 wage and salary earners
Organized labor: 19,300 (32%)
VENEZUELA
GUYANA
GOVERNMENT:
Legal name: Barbados
Type: independent state since November 1966, recognizing Elizabeth II as chief
of state
Capital : Bridgetown
Regional breakdown: 11 parishes administered by 3 district councils
Legal system: English common law; constitution came into effect upon
independence in 1966; no judicial review of legislative acts; has not
accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Branches: legislature consisting of a 21-member appointed Senate and a
24-member elected House of Assembly; cabinet headed by Prime Minister
Government leader: Prime Minister Errol Barrow
Suffrage: universal over age 18
Elections: House of Assembly members have terms no longer than 5 years;
general election held 3 November 1966
Political parties and leaders: Democratic Labor Party (DLP), Errol Barrow;
Barbados National Party (BNP), Ernest D. Mottley; Barbados Labor Party
(BLP), H. Bernard St. John, J. M. G. "Tom" Adams
Voting strength (1966 election): Democratic Labor Party (DLP), 49.5%; Barbados
National Party, 10.1%; Barbados Labor Party, 32.7%; Independent, 7.7%;
House of Assembly seats -- DLP 14, BLP 9, BNP 1
Communists: not significant
Other political or pressure groups: People's Progressive Movement (PPM), a
small pro-Castro black-nationalist group led by Calvin Alleyne
Member of: CARIFTA, Commonwealth, ICAO, IMF, OAS, Seabeds Committee (observer),
U.N.
ECONOMY:
GDP: $117 million (1969), $460 per capita; real growth rate 1969, 3.3%
Agriculture: main products -- sugar, subsistence foods
Major industries: tourism, sugar milling, manufacturing, edible oils and fats
Electric power: 39,950 kw. capacity (1969, est.); 143.7 million kw.-hr. produced
(1969 est.), 595 kw.-hr. per capita
Exports: $39.8 million (f.o.b., 1970); sugar, molasses, rum
Imports: $116.3 million (c.i.f., 1970); foodstuffs, lumber, machinery, manufactured
goods
Major trade partners: exports -- U.K. 38%, U.S. 21%, CARIFTA 19%, other 22%;
imports -- U.K. 29%, U.S. 22%, Canada 11%, CARIFTA 11%, other 27%
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Aid: economic -- extensions from U.S. (FY67-70), $0.1 million in grants; from
international organizations (FY63-70), $0.7 million
Monetary conversion rate: 1.93 East Caribbean dollars=US$l
Fiscal year: 1 April - 31 March
COMMUNICATIONS:
Railroads: none
Highways: 950 mi.; 800 mi. paved, 100 mi. gravel, 50 mi. improved earth
Ports: 1 major, 2 minor
Civil air: 1 major transport aircraft
Airfields: 1 with permanent-surface runway 8,000-11,999 ft.; 1 seaplane station
Telecommunications: islandwide automatic telephone system with 26,100
telephones; key international traffic transit center for Caribbean area;
tropospheric scatter links to Trinidad and St. Lucia; 86,000 radio and
16,000 TV sets, 2 AM and 1 TV stations; 2 telegraph submarine cables; planned
construction of satellite earth station to be operational in 1972
DEFENSE FORCES:
Supply: obtained primarily from the U.K.; some ammunition from Belgium
24
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LAND:
424,000 sq. mi.; 2% cultivated and fallow, 11% pasture
and meadow, 45% urban, desert, waste, or other,
40% forest, 2% inland water (1967)
Land boundaries: 3,780 mi.
PEOPLE:
Population: 4,832,000, average annual growth rate 2.5%
(current); males 15-49 1,131,000; 715,000 fit for
military service; average number reaching military age
(19) annually about 54,000
Ethnic divisions: 50%-75% Indian, 20%-35% Mestizo,
5%-15% white
Religion: predominantly Roman Catholic
Language: Spanish and Indian (Aymara and Quechua)
Literacy: 35%-40%
Labor force: 1.9 million (1967); 69.1% agriculture, 3.3% mining, 9.6% services
and utilities, 8% manufacturing, 10% other
Organized labor: 40%-50% of labor force
GOVERNMENT:
Legal name: Republic of Bolivia
Type: republic; de-facto military-civilian coalition government by the Popular
Nationalist Front
Capital: La Paz (seat of government); Sucre (judicial capital)
Political subdivisions: 9 departments with limited autonomy
Legal system: based on Spanish law and Code Napoleon; constitution adopted 1967;
constitution in force except where contrary to dispositions dictated by
revolutionary governments since 1969; legal education at University of San
Andres and several others; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Branches: executive; congress of two chambers (Senate and Chamber of Deputies),
congress disbanded after 26 September 1969 ouster of President Siles;
judiciary
Government leaders: President Hugo Banzer Suarez
Suffrage: universal and compulsory at age 18 if married, 21 if single
Elections: none scheduled
Political parties and leaders: The Nationalist Revolutionary Movement (MNR) led
by Victor Paz Estenssoro and the Bolivian Socialist Falange (FSB) led by Mario
Gutierrez are part of the governing coalition and the only significant parties
in the country; other political parties, although numerous, are relatively
inactive and exert little influence including Nationalist Leftist Revolutionary
Party (PRIN) Juan Lechin Oquendo (in exile), Christian Democratic Party (PDC)
Benjamin Miguel, Revolutionary Christian Democratic Party (PDCR) Alfonso Camacho,
Socialist Party (PS) Marcelo Quiroga and Alberto Baily, and Leftist Revolutionary
Movement (MIR) Pablo Ramos Sanchez (in exile); with the exception of the
Authentic Revolutionary Party (PRA) led by Walter Guevara Arze, the parties of
the FRB coalition have practically disappeared including Popular Christian
Movement (MPC) Hugo Bozo, Leftist Revolutionary Party (PIR) Ricardo Anaya, and
Social Democratic Party (PSD) Hugo Sandoval
Voting strength (1966 elections): Frente de la Revolucion Boliviana (a coalition
composed of the MPC, PIR, PRA, PSD, and two interest groups, the campesinos
and Chaco War Veterans) 61%, FSB 12%, MNR 10%, other 17%
Member of: IAEA, IADB, ICAO, International Tin Council, LAFTA and Andean Sub-Regional
Group (created in May 1969 within LAFTA), OAS, U.N.
31
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 Approved For Release 2004/08/31: CIA-RDP79-01051A000400010002-1
1970), $270 per capita;
ower parity estimate, 137/ gross domestic
ECONOMY: bil lion (purchasing p public consumption, 3%
GNP: $1.3 tion, ll?~ 970}; real growth rate 1970, na
78% private consump arcant, yucca, banas;
investment, -2% net foreign balance (1970);
rice, sug potatoes lard, vegetable oils,
culture: main crops , 1866)
f foodesper idayuperg capita, ( textiles,
quantities o i
Agriculture: significant 2,100 calores food processing,
and wheat; caloric intake, etroleum refining,
Major industries: mining, smelting, p
730 million kw.-hr. produced
and clothing capacity (1970);
Electric power: 281,000 kw. silver,
kw.-hr. per capita etroleum, lead, zinc,
(1970 160 1970); tin, p
192.0 million (f -o-b., old, coffee, and sugar.
capital goods'
Exports: Exports: $ $1 antimony, bismuth, g chemcals, foodstuffs ,
.7 million (f.o.b., 1970);
Imports : $157 S 37%, Argentina 5%;
pharmaceuticals U.K. 42%, entina 10% (1969)
Major trade partners: exports -- 12%, Japan 16%, Arg
imports U.S. 31%, West Germany $298.5
Aid: FY46-70) $1,226.7 million in 107.2
extensions from U.S. ( organizations (FY46-68),
economic extens; from international org $12.6 million;
million in grants 1960-66),
million; from other Western countrFY58-70), $23.9 million
assistance from pesos(US$1 (selling rate)
military -
Monetary conversion rate: l
Fiscal year: calendar year
mi., meter gage, 20 mi., 2'61' gage;
of meter-
COMMUNICATIONS: single track; 2,290 track; 5.6 mi
Railroads: 2,310 mi., t 60 mi. of meter-gage
all government owned except 55 mi. improved
gage track electrified 3 500 mi. gravel,
Highways: 15,000 mi.; 500 mi . paved, ,
, 6 , 000 mi. unimproved earth
erwa s: off icially estimated to be 6,250 mi. of commercial
earth, gas
Inland wat Y
navigable waterways,044 mi.; refined products and crude 888 mi.; natural
crude oil, 1 Chile, and
20 mi. moved through Arica and Antofagasta,
Ports: none (Bolivian cargo mMatarani, Peru) 1 with
Civil air: 28 major transport aircraft permanent-surface runways; with ; runways
399 usable; 3 with Airfields: 464 total,
3 with runways 8,000-11,999 ft.,
runway over 12,000 ft.,
4,000-7,999 ft est.
tions: poorest almost 38,000 telephones; nica telecom facilities on continent with
and 6 FM stations;
Telecommu rehabilitation; 1 TV, 72 AM,
intercity dio eowoandrks 10, needi000- 1ng5,000 TV receivers; lemented
tans revised and partly imP
75 0, 000 rad
long-range improvement p
DEFENSE FORCES budget: proposed for fiscal year
aboout 9% of proposed central government budget
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 NIS lpproved For Release 2004/08/31 :BBI~I P79-01051A000400010002-1
11,800 sq. mi.; 53% agricultural land, of which about
half is in crops, the rest meadows and pastures, 27%
waste, urban, or other; 20% forested (1968)
Land boundaries: 860 mi.
WATER:
Limits of territorial waters: 3 n. mi. (fishing, 12 n. mi.)
Coastline: 40 mi.
PEOPLE:
Population: 9,736,000, average annual growth rate 0.5%
(January 65-71); males 15-49, 2,247,000; 1,795,000 fit
for military service; average number reaching military
age (19) annually 71,000
Ethnic divisions: 55% Flemings, 33% Walloons, 12% mixed or other
Religion: 97% Roman Catholic, 3% none or other
Language: French, Flemish (Dutch); divided along ethnic lines
Literacy: 97%
Labor force: 3.9 million; 5.5% agriculture, forestry, hunting, and fishing, 43%
mining, manufacturing and construction, 39% commerce and services, 8%
transportation, 1.8% insured unemployed; no shortage of unskilled labor
Organized labor: 48% of labor force (1969)
GOVERNMENT:
Legal name: Kingdom of Belgium
Type: constitutional monarchy
Capital: Brussels
Political subdivisions: 9 provinces
Legal system: civil law system influenced by English constitutional theory;
constitution adopted 1831, since amended; judicial review of legislative
acts; legal education at 4 law schools; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction,
with reservations
Branches: executive branch consists of King and cabinet; cabinet responsible to
bicameral parliament; independent judiciary; coalition governments are usual
Government leader: Prime Minister Gaston Eyskens
Suffrage: universal over age 21
Elections: held 7 November 1971 (held at least once every 4 years)
Political parties and leaders: Social Christian, Senator Robert Houben, party
president; Socialist, Edmund LeBurton and Joris Van Eynde, co-presidents;
Liberty and Progress, Senator P. Descamps, party president; Francophone
Democratic Front-Walloon Rally (Walloon nationalist), Jean Duvieusart,
party president; Volksunie (Flemish Nationalist), Wim Jorrisen, party
president; Communist, Marc Drumeaux, president of political bureau
Voting strength (1971 election): 67 seats Social Christian, 61 seats Socialist,
5 seats Communist, 34 seats Liberty and Progress, 21 seats Volksunie, 21
seats Walloon nationalist
Communists: 439; splinter parties (Chinese-oriented) 400
Member of: Benelux, BLEU (Belgium-Luxembourg Economic Union), Council of Europe,
ECE, ECOSOC, EC, EMA, FAO, IAEA, ICAO, IMF, NATO, OECD, Seabeds Committee,
U.N., UNESCO, WEU, WHO
ECONOMY:
GNP: $25.7 billion (1970), $2,640 per capita (1970), 62% consumption,
23% investment, 14% government, 1% net exports of goods and services;
1970 growth rate 5.5%, 1963 constant prices
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 ECONOMY (cont'd): Approved For Release 2004/08/31 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000400010002-1
Agriculture: livestock production predominates; main crops -- grains, beets,
potatoes; 80% self-sufficient in food; food shortages -- edible and coarse
grains, fats and oils; caloric intake, 3,150 calories per day per capita
(1967-68 est.)
Fishing: catch 58,700 metric tons, $16,766,000 (1969); exports $14,973,000
(including Luxembourg, 1969), imports $76,200,000 (including Luxembourg, 1969)
Major industries: engineering and metal products, processed food and beverages,
chemicals, basic metals, textiles, and petroleum
Shortages: iron ore, nonferrous minerals, petroleum, cotton, wool, wood
Crude steel: capacity 14.3 million metric tons (1969); 12.6 million metric tons
produced (1970); 1,310 kilograms per capita
Electric power: 6,855,000 kw. capacity (1970); 29,306 million kw.-hr. produced
(1970), 2,910 kw.-hr. per capita
Exports: $11,600 million (f.o.b., 1970) motor vehicles, refined copper, iron and
steel products, finished or semifinished precious stones, textile products
Imports: $11,350 million (c.i.f., 1970) crude materials, food, fuels, automotive
parts, nonelectrical machinery and appliances, clothing
Major trade partners: (Belgium-Luxembourg Economic Union, 1970) West Germany
24.0%, Netherlands 17.1%, France 18.5%, U.S. 7.4%, U.K. 4.7%, Italy 4.2%;
EC 63.8%, EFTA 10.9%, Communist countries 1.7%.
Aid:
economic -- received - U.S., $767.4 million authorized (FY46-70); none
since FY70;
military -- received - $1,253.6 million authorized (FY46-69), $1.9 million
in FY68, none since FY68; net official economic aid to less developed areas
and multilateral agencies -- $1,003.6 million (FY60-70), $119.6 million in 1970
Monetary conversion rate: 50 francs=US$l (official IMF rate), as of 30 September
1971 the actual rate was 47.01 francs=US$l
Fiscal year: calendar year
COMMUNICATIONS:
Railroads: 2,873 mi.; 2,645 mi. standard gage, 1,615 mi. double track, 920 mi.
electrified; 228 mi. (3'3 3/8") narrow gage
Highways: 57,700 mi.; 26,550 mi. bituminous, stone block, or concrete; 31,150
mi. crushed stone, gravel, earth
Inland waterways: 1,270 mi., of which 950 are in regular use by commercial
transport
Ports: 5 major, 1 minor
Merchant marine: 78 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 1,801,900 GRT, 1,616,000
DWT; includes 1 passenger, 50 cargo, 13 tanker, 12 bulk, 2 specialized carrier
Pipelines: refined products, 400 mi.; crude, 50 mi.; natural gas, 45 mi.
Civil air: 57 major transport aircraft, including 6 based'in Libya
Airfields: 51 total, 37 usable; 20 with permanent-surface runways; 8 with
runways 8,000-11,999 ft., 10 with runways 4,000-7,999 ft.
Telecommunications: excellent domestic and international telephone and
telegraph facilities; 1,937,000 telephones; 3.6 million radio receivers; 2.1
million TV receivers; countrywide broadcast coverage provided by 7 AM,
10 FM, and 18 TV stations; submarine cables to U.K. and to Portugal
EFENSE FORCES:
Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1971, $675.2 million; about
8.3% of central government budget
26
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 roved For Release 2004/08/31 FffiJ-TP79-01051A000400010002-1
LAND:
21 sq. mi.; 8% arable, 60% forested, 21% built on,
wasteland, and other, 11% leased for air and
naval bases (1964)
WATER:
Limits of territorial waters: 3 n. mi.
Coastline: 64 mi.
UNITED STATES
PEOPLE:
Population: 553,000, average annual growth rate 2.3%
(October 60-April 70)
Ethnic divisions: approximately 63% African, 37% white
Religion: 47.5% Church of England, 10.2% Catholic, 38.2% other Protestant,
other
Language: English
Literacy: virtually 100%
Labor force: 19,498 employed (1960)
GOVERNMENT:
Legal name: Colony of Bermuda
Type: British crown colony
Capital: Hamilton
Political subdivisions: 9 parishes
Legal system: English law
Branches: elected House of Assembly; appointed Legislative Council; Executive
Council (cabinet)
Government leaders: Governor Lord Martonmere; Prime Minister Sir Henry Tucker
Suffrage: universal over age 21; compulsory
Elections: at least once every 5 years; last general election, May 1968
Political parties and leaders: United Bermuda Party (UBP), Sir Henry Tucker;
Progressive Labor Party (PLP), Lois Browne-Evans (PLP parliamentary
leader); Bermuda Democratic Labor Party (BDP), Arnold A. Francis,
Charles W. Mayne
Voting strength (1968 elections): UBP 56.5%, PLP 34.4%, BDP 6.7%, Independents
2.4%; House of Assembly seats -- UBP 30, PLP 10
ECONOMY:
GNP: not available
Agriculture: main products -- bananas, vegetables, Easter lilies, dairy products,
citrus fruits
Major industries: tourism, ship repair, small boat building
Electric power: 51,740 kw. capacity (1969); 181.6 million kw.-hr. produced (1969),
3,425 kw.-hr. per capita
Exports: $70.0 million (f.o.b., 1969); mostly reexports of drugs and bunker fuel
Imports: $85.5 million (c.i.f., 1969); fuel, foodstuffs, machinery
Major trade partners: U.S. 46%, U.K. 22%, Canada 9% (1968)
Monetary conversion rate: 1 Bermuda dollar=US$l (14 August 1971)
Fiscal year: 1 April-31 March
COMMUNICATIONS:
Railroads: none
Highways: 130 mi., all paved
Ports: 4 major
Civil air: no major transport aircraft
Airfields: 1 with concrete runway 9,660 ft.; 1 seaplane station
Telecommunications: modern telecom system suited to island needs, includes fully
automatic telephone system with 28,100 instruments; 29,000 radio and
17,000 TV receivers, 2 AM, 1 FM, and 2 TV stations; 3 submarine coaxial cables
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 Approved For Release 2004/08/31 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000400010002-1
NIS 35 BHUTAN
LAND:
19,000 sq. mi.; 15% agricultural, 15% desert, waste,
urban, 70% forested (1963)
Land boundaries: about 540 mi.
PEOPLE:
Population: 750,000 (official est. for 1 July 1968); males
15-49, 195,000; 100,000 fit for military service;
about 8,000 reach military age (18) annually
Ethnic divisions: 60% Bhotias, 25% ethnic Nepalese,
15% indigenous or migrant tribes
Religion: 75% Lamaistic Buddhism, 25% Buddhist-influenced
Hinduism
Language: Bhotias speak various Tibetan dialects, most widely spoken dialect is
Druk-ke, the official language; Nepalese speak various Nepalese dialects
Literacy: insignificant
Labor force: 300,000; 99% agriculture, 1% industry; massive lack of skilled
labor
GOVERNMENT:
Legal name: Kingdom of Bhutan
Type: monarchy; special treaty relationship with India
Capital: Thimphu
Political subdivisions: 4 regions (east, central, west, south), further
divided into 15-18 subdivisions
Legal system: based on Indian law and English common law; in 1964 the
King assumed full power -- no constitution existed beforehand; a supreme
court hears appeals from district administrators; has not accepted
compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Branches: appointed minister and indirectly elected assembly consisting of
village elders, monastic representatives, and all district and senior
government administrators
Government leader: King Jigme Dorji Wangchuck
Suffrage: each family has one vote
Elections: popular elections on village level held every 3 years
Political parties: all parties illegal
Communists: no overt Communist presence
Other political or pressure groups: Buddhist clergy
Member of: Colombo Plan, UPU, U.N.
ECONOMY:
GNP: under $100 per capita
Agriculture: rice, barley, wheat, potatoes, fruit
Major industries: handicrafts (particularly textiles)
Electric power: 400 kw. capacity
Exports: about $1 million annually; rice, dolomite, and handicrafts
Imports: about $1.4 million annually
Major trading partner: India
Aid: economic -- India (FY61-68) $35.2 million
Monetary conversion rate: 7.5'Indian rupees=US$l
Fiscal year: 1 April - 31 March
COMMUNICATIONS:
Highways: 810 mi.; 260 mi. surfaced, 320 mi. improved, 230 mi. unimproved
earth
Freight carried: not available, very light traffic
Civil air: no major transport aircraft
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con
Airfields: 1 composite runway under 6,000 feet
Telecommunications: facilities almost nonexistent; data not available on
telephones; 6,000 radio sets; no TV sets; data not available on AM; no
FM; and no TV stations
DEFENSE FORCES:
Supply: dependent on India
30
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 NIS 6i pproved For Release 2004/08/310,qK@DP79-01051A000400010002-1
LAND:
220,000 sq. mi.; about 6% arable, less than 1% under
cultivation, mostly desert (1970)
Land boundaries: 2,345 mi.
PEOPLE:
Population: 678,000, average annual growth rate 3.0% (FY69);
98.9% Bantu; males 15-49, 162,000; 82,000 fit for
military service; 8,000 reach military age (18) annually
Ethnic divisions: 94% Tswana, 5% Bushmen, 1% European
Religion: 85% animist, 15% Christian
Language: Africans speak Tswana vernacular
Literacy: less than 25% in English; about 33% in Tswana;
less than 1% secondary school graduates
Labor force: most are engaged in sheep raising and subsistence agriculture
(statistics unavailable); about 25,000 in internal cash economy, another
40,000 spend at least 6 to 9 months per year as wage earners in South
Africa (1964)
Organized labor: negligible
GOVERNMENT:
Legal name: Republic of Botswana
Type: republic since independence in September 1966
Capital: Gaberone
Political subdivisions: 12 administrative districts
Legal system: based on English common law and local customary law; constitution
came into effect 1966; judicial review limited to matters of interpretation;
legal education at University of Botswana, Lesotho and Swaziland (located
in Lesotho); has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Branches: executive -- President appoints and is the chief minister in the
cabinet which is responsible to Legislative Assembly; legislative --
Legislative Assembly with 31 popularly elected members and 4 members elected
by the 31 representatives, House of Chiefs with deliberative powers only;
judicial -- African courts administer customary law, High Court and
subordinate courts have criminal jurisdiction over all residents, Court of
Appeal has appellate jurisdiction
Government leader: President Seretse Khama
Suffrage: universal, age 21 and over
Elections; general elections held 18 October 1969
Political parties and leaders: Botswana Democratic Party (BDP), Seretse Khama;
Bechuanaland People's Party (BPP), P.G. Matante; Botswana Independence
Party (BIP), Motsamai Mpho; Botswana National Front (BNF), Kenneth Koma
Voting strength: (October 1969 election) 68% BDP (24 seats); 13.5% BPP (3 seats);
12% BNF (3 seats); 6% BIP (1 seat)
Communists: no known Communist organization; Koma of BNF has long history of
Communist contacts
Member of: Commonwealth, FAO, OAU, U.N., WMO
ECONOMY:
Agriculture: principal crops are corn and sorghum; livestock raised and exported
Major industries: livestock processing, mining of asbestos, manganese
Electric power: 8,000 kw. capacity (1970); 0.3 million kw.-hr. produced (1970),
.5 kw.-hr. per capita
Exports: $18.3 million (f.o.b., 1969); cattle, animal products, minerals
Imports: $43.1 million (f.o.b., 1969); foodstuffs, vehicles, textiles
Major trade partner: South Africa
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 ECONOMY (cc l'pg?yed For Release 2004/08/31 : CIA-RDP79-01051AO00400010002-1
Monetary conversion rate: 1 SA Rand=US$l.40 (Botswana uses the South African
Rand) (official); 0.714 SA Rand=US$1
Fiscal year: 1 April - 31 March
COMMUNICATIONS:
Railroads: 400 mi. 3'6" gage, single track; owned and operated by the Rhodesia
Railroads
Highways: 5,016 mi.; 16 mi. paved, 471 mi. crushed stone, gravel, or stabilized
soil; 4,529 mi. improved or unimproved earth
Inland waterways: native craft only; of local importance
Civil air: 12 major transport aircraft
Airfields: 81 total, 70 usable; 2 with permanent-surface runways; 19 with
runways 4,000-7,999 ft.
Telecommunications: the system is a minimal combination of a single main wire
line and a few radiocommunication stations; Gaberone is the center; 3,500
telephones; 20,000 radio receivers; 1 AM, 1 FM, and no TV stations
DEFENSE FORCES:
Police only
34
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 NIS 9 pproved For Release 2004/08/31 gFAIA-RDP79-01051A000400010002-1
LAND:
3,290,000 sq. mi.; 4% cultivated, 14% pastures, 14%
waste, urban, or other, 13% fallow, idle, or
woodlot, 55% forested (1970)
Land boundaries: 8,125 mi.
WATER:
Limits of territorial waters: 200 n. mi.
Coastline: 4,655 mi.
PEOPLE:
Population: 96,818,000, average annual growth rate 2.9%
(September 60-70); males 15-49, 22,031,000; 14,375,000
fit for military service; 1,130 reach military age (18) annually
Ethnic divisions: 61.8% white, 26.6% brown, 11% Negro, 0.6% yellow (Brazilian
census color classifications, 1950)
Religion: 93% Roman Catholic (nominal)
Language: Portuguese
Literacy: about 61% over age 14
Labor force: 33 million in 1970 (est.); 41% agriculture, 12%
manufacturing industries, 33% commerce and services
Organized labor: about 50% of labor force; only about 1.5 million pay dues
GOVERNMENT:
Legal name: Federative Republic of Brazil
Type: federal republic; military-backed presidential regime since April 1964
Capital: Brasilia
Political subdivisions: 22 states, 4 territories, federal district (Brasilia)
Legal system: based on Latin codes; dual system of courts, state and federal;
constitution adopted 1967 and extensively amended in 1969; has not accepted
compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Branches: strong executive with very broad powers; bicameral legislature
(powers of the two bodies have been sharply reduced); 11-man Supreme Court
Government leader: President Emilio Garrastazu Medici
Suffrage: compulsory over age 18, except illiterates and those stripped of their
political rights; approximately 30 million registered voters in October 1970
Elections: President Medici's successor will be chosen on 15 January 1974 and
will take office in March
Political parties and leaders: National Renewal Alliance (ARENA), pro-government;
Brazilian Democratic Movement (MDB), opposition
Communists: less than 13,000; 100,000 sympathizers (est.)
Member of: FAO, GATT, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IHB, ILO, IMCO, IMF, ITU, LAFTA,
OAS, Seabeds Committee, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO
ECONOMY:
GNP: $42.7 billion (purchasing power parity estimate, 1970), $460 per capita;
17% gross investment, 83% consumption (est. 1970); real growth rate 1970, 9.5%
Agriculture: main products -- coffee, rice, beef, corn, milk, sugarcane, beans;
nearly self-sufficient; caloric intake, 2,900 calories per day per capita
(1962)
Fishing: catch 500,000 metric tons (1968); exports $10.2 million, imports $28.6
million
Major industries: textiles and other consumer goods, cement, lumber, steel,
motor vehicles, other metalworking industries
Crude steel: 5.5 million metric tons capacity (1970 est.); 5.4 million metric
tons produced (1970); 60 kilograms per capita (1970)
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 ECONOMY (cOAAjA'ved FQ Rele Se 2094/08/31 :. IA-R 9- 10 A 0040p010R02-1
Electric power: 11.5 million kw. capacity (1g7O~; ~6.5 billion kw .-hr. produced
(1970), 503 kw.-hr. per capita
Exports: $2,740 million (f.o.b., 1970); coffee, manufactures, iron ore, cotton,
sugar, wood, cocoa
Imports: $2,526 million (f.o.b., 1970); machinery, chemicals, pharmaceuticals,
petroleum, wheat
Major trade partners: exports -- U.S. 23%, West Germany 10%, Italy 7%, Argentina
7%, Netherlands 6%, Japan 5%, U.K. 5%; imports -- U.S. 31%, West Germany 13%,
Argentina 6%, U.K. 5%, Italy 3% (1970)
Aid: economic -- extensions from U.S. (FY46-70) -- loans $3,023.4 million,
grants $599.8 million; from international organizations (FY46-68) $1,093.6
million; from other Western countries (1960-66) -- $343.6 million; from
Communist countries (1954-70) $330.6 million; drawings $66 million
Monetary conversion rate: 5.5 cruzeiros=US$l (free rate September 1971, changes
frequently)
Fiscal year: calendar year
COMMUNICATIONS:
Railroads: 20,160 mi.; 17,886 mi. 3'3 3/8" gage, 1,982 mi. 5'3" gage, 121 mi.
4'8 1/2" gage, 171 mi. narrow gages; 1,692 mi. electrified
Highways: 583,800 mi.; 26,300 mi. paved, 36,700 mi. gravel, and 520,800 mi. of
improved and unimproved earth
Inland waterways: 31,000 mi. navigable
Ports: 6 major, 24 minor
Pipelines: crude oil, 633 mi.; refined products, 139 mi.; natural gam, 24 mi.
Merchant marine: 210 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 1,492,800 GRT, 2,171,500
DWT; includes 2 passenger, 132 cargo, 47 tanker, 22 bulk, 7 specialized
carrier; includes 3 naval tankers sometimes used commercially
Civil air: 112 major transport aircraft
Airfields: 2,416 total, 2,077 usable; 113 with permanent-surface runways; 8 with
runways 8,000-11,999 ft., 306 with runways 4,000-7,999 ft.; 18 seaplane
stations
Telecommunications: extensive telecom facility expansion programs; radio relay
widely used; communications satellite ground station; almost 1.8 million
telephones; est. 10.5 million radio and 6 million TV receivers; 850 AM,
145 FM, and 50 TV stations (plus relays); 10 telegraph submarine cables
DEFENSE FORCES:
Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1969, $736,339,520; 19.5%
of federal budget
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LAND:
8,870 sq. mi.; 38% agricultural (5% cultivated), 46%
exploitable forest, 16% urban, waste, water,
offshore islands or other (1966)
Land boundaries: 320 mi.
WATER:
Limits of territorial waters: 3 n. mi.
Coastline: 240 mi.
Ff
PEOPLE: PERU BRAZIL
Population: 126,000, average annual growth rate 2.9%
(April 60-70); males 15-49, 28",000; 16,000 fit for
military service; 1,500 reach military age (18) annually
Ethnic divisions: 51% Negro, 22% mestizo, 19% Amerindian, 8% other
Religion: 50% Roman Catholic; Anglican, Seventh-day Adventist, Methodist,
Baptist, Jehovah's, Witnesses, Mennonite
Language: English, Spanish, Maya, and Carib
Literacy: 70%-80%
Labor force: 26,000; 41% agriculture, 19% manufacturing, 8% commerce,
12% construction and transportation, 20% services; shortage of skilled
labor and all types of technical personnel; over 15% are unemployed
Organized labor: 8% of labor force
GOVERNMENT:
Legal name: Colony of British Honduras
Type.: British crown colony; obtained full internal self-government in January
1964
Capital: Belize City; seat of government in Belmopan
Legal system: English law; constitution came into force in 1964, although
country remains a British colony .
Branches: 18-member elected National Assembly and 8-member Senate (either house
may choose its speaker or president, respectively, from outside its
elected membership); cabinet; judiciary
Government leader: Premier George Price
Suffrage: universal adult (probably 21)
Elections: within 5 years of last election held 5 December 1969
Political parties and leaders: People's United Party (PUP), George Price;
National Inde endence Party (NIP), Philip Goldson; People's Development
Movement (PDMp), Dean Lindo
Voting strength (1969 election): 57.6% PUP, 39.8% NIP, 2.6% void ballots
Communists: none identified
Other political or pressure groups: Christian Workers' Union (CWU) which is
connected with PUP; United Black Association for Development (UBAD),
Evan Hyde
ECONOMY:
GNP: $46 million (est. 1968), $380 per capita; 78% private consumption, 17%
public consumption, 36% domestic investment, -31% net foreign balance
(1968); real growth rate 1968 4.5% (est.)
Agriculture: main products -- citrus fruits, sugar, corn, rice, beans, livestock
products; net importer of food; caloric intake, 2,500 calories per day
per capita
Major industries: timber and forest products, food processing, furniture, rum,
soap
Electric power: 8,030 kw. capacity (1969 est.); 16 million kw.-hr. produced
(1969 est.), 132 kw.-hr. per capita
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ECONOMY (cont d~:
Exports: $17 million (f.o.b., 1969); sugar, lumber, citrus fruits, fish
Imports: $30 million (c.i.f., 1969); vehicles, petroleum, food, textiles,
machinery
Major trade partners: exports -- U.K. 31%, U.S. 29%, Mexico 16%, Canada 15%;
imports -- U.S. 33%, U.K. 29%, Jamaica 7% (1968)
Aid: economic -- extensions from U.S. (FY46-70), $5.8 million, grants; from
international organizations (1946-69), $1.1 million
Monetary conversion rate: $BH1.67=US$1 (official)
Fiscal year: calendar year
COMMUNICATIONS:
Railroads: none
Highways: 1,350 mi.; 150 mi. paved, 600 mi. improved (gravel, earth), 600 mi.
unimproved
Inland waterways: 514 mi. river network used by shallow-draft craft
Ports: 1 major, 4 minor
Civil air: no major transport aircraft
Airfields: 49 total, 29 usable; 2 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with
runway 4,000-7,999 ft.; 1 seaplane station
Telecommunications: meager but adequate facilities; Belize City center of
2,405 telephone network; over 48,000 radio receivers; 2 AM stations; no
submarine cables
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NIS 44 BRUNEI
LAND:
2,230 sq. mi.; 3% cultivated; 3% industry, waste, or
urban; 94% forested
Land boundaries: 237 mi.
WATER:
Limits of territorial waters: 3 n. mi.
Coastline: 136 mi.
PEOPLE:
Population: 127,000, average annual growth rate 3.6%
(FY69); males 15-49, 32,000; 17,000 fit for military
service; about 1,000 reach military age (18) annually
Ethnic divisions: 52% Malays, 28% Chinese, 15% indigenous tribes, 5% other
Religion: 60% Muslim (Islam official religion); 8% Christian; 32% other (Buddhist
and animist)
Language: Malay and English official, Chinese
Literacy: 45%
Labor force: 32,155; 30.5% agriculture, 32.8% industry, manufacturing, and
construction, 33.8% trade, transport, services, 2.9% other
Organized labor: 8.4% of labor force
GOVERNMENT:
Legal name: State of Brunei
Type: British protectorate; constitutional sultanate
Capital: Bandar Seri Begawan
Political subdivisions: 4 administrative districts
Legal system: based on Islamic law; constitution promulgated by the Sultan in
1959, though Brunei remains British protectorate; scheduled to become
independent in late 1970
Branches: chief of state is Sultan (advised by appointed Privy Council) who
appoints Executive Council and majority of Legislative Council
Government leader: Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah
Suffrage: universal age 21 and over; 3-tiered system of indirect elections;
popular vote cast for lowest level (district councilors)
Elections: last elections -- March 1965
Political parties and leaders: antigovernment People's Independence Front
(Baker), Pengiran Dato Ali, chairman
Voting strength (1965 election): 6 of 10 elective seats won by defunct
antigovernment Partai Ra'ayat members
ECONOMY :
GNP: $132 million (estimated 1968), $1,200 per capita
Agriculture: main crops -- rubber, rice, sago
Major industry: crude petroleum
Electric power: 58,000 kw. capacity (1970); 130 million kw.-hr. produced (1970),
1,120 kw.-hr. per capita
Exports: $85 million (f.o.b. 1969 ; almost all crude petroleum
Imports: $77 million (c.i.f. 1970
Major trade partners: exports of crude petroleum go to Sarawak for refining
and reexport; 30% imports from U.K., Singapore 16%, Japan 13%
Monetary conversion rate: 3.06 Brunei dollars=US$l
Fiscal year: calendar year
COMMUNICATIONS:
Railroads: 6 mi. narrow gage (2')
Highways: 750 mi.; 110 mi. paved (bituminous treated), 220 mi. gravel or stone,
420 mi. unimproved
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Inland waterways: 130 mi.; navigable by shallow-draft craft
Ports: 2 minor (Bandar Seri Begawan, formerly Brunei, and Kuala Belait)
Pipelines: crude oil, 84 mi.; refined products, 35 mi.; natural gas, 35 mi.;
crude oil and natural gas, 150 mi. under construction
Civil air: no major transport aircraft
Airfields: 5 total, 4 usable; 2 with permanent-surface runway; 1 with runway
over 12,000 ft., 2 with runways 4,000-7,999 ft.
Telecommunications: service throughout country is adequate for present needs;
international service good to adjacent Sabah and Sarawak; radiobroadcast
coverage good; 3,819 telephones; 13,000 radio sets; Radio Brunei
broadcasts from 3 stations and uses 4 mediumwave and 1 shortwave
transmitter
DEFENSE FORCES:
Defense is responsibility of U.K.; Brunei has an indigenous military force of
about 1,150; about 1,100 police are maintained
Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1970, $9.8 million for the
military and $7.1 million for the police; about 15% of the total budget
40
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LAND:
42,800 sq. mi.; 41% arable, 11% other agricultural,
33% forested, 15% other (1966)
Land boundaries: 1,170 mi.
WATER:
Limits of territorial waters: 12 n. mi.
Coastline: 220 mi.
PEOPLE:
Population: 8,601,000, average annual growth rate 0.8%
(current); males 15-49, 2,263,000; 1,885,000 fit for
military service; about 68,000 reach military age (19) annually
Ethnic divisions: 85.3% Bulgarians, 8.5% Turks, 2.6% Gypsies, 2.5% Macedonians,
0.3% Armenians, 0.2% Russians, 0.6% other
Religion: regime promotes atheism; religious background of population is 85%
Bulgarian Orthodox, 13% Muslim, 0.8% Jewish, 0.7% Roman Catholic, 0.5%
Protestant, Gregorian-Armenian and other
Language: Bulgarian; secondary languages closely correspond to ethnic breakdown
Literacy: 95% (est.)
Labor force: 4.4 million (July 1970); 38% agriculture, 33% industry, 29% other
GOVERNMENT:
Legal name: People's Republic of Bulgaria
Type: Communist state
Capital: Sofiya
Political subdivisions: 28 okrugs (districts), including capital city of Sofia
Legal system: based on civil law system, with Soviet law influence; new
constitution adopted in 1971; judicial review of legislative acts in the
State Council; legal education at University of Sofiya; has not accepted
compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Branches: legislative (National Assembly), Council of Ministers, judiciary
Government leaders: Todor Zhivkov, Chairman, State Council (chief of state);
Stanko Todorov, Chairman, Council of Ministers (premier)
Suffrage: universal and compulsory over age 18
Elections: theoretically held every 4 years for National Assembly; last elections
held on 27 June 1971; 99.8% of the electorate voted
Political parties and leaders: Bulgarian Communist Party, Todor Zhivkov, First
Secretary; Bulgarian National Agrarian Union, a puppet party, Georgi Traykov,
secretary
Communists: 699,000 full members (April 1971)
Mass organizations and front groups: Fatherland Front, Dimitrov Communist Youth
League, Central Council of Trade Unions, National Committee for Defense of
Peace, Union of Fighters Against Fascism and Capitalism, Committee of
Bulgarian Women, All-National Committee for Bulgarian-Soviet Friendship
Member of: CEMA, GATT, IAEA, ICAO, ILO, IMCO, ITU, Seabeds Committee, U.N.,
UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO, Warsaw Pact, International Organization of Journalists,
International Medical Association, International Radio and Television
Organization
ECONOMY:
GNP: $11.1 billion, 1970 (at 1969 prices), $1,300 per capita; 1970 growth rate
7.8% (current)
Agriculture: mainly self-sufficient; main crops--grain, vegetables; no food
shortages; caloric intake, 3,000 calories per day per capita (1965/66)
Major industries: agricultural processing, machinery, textiles and clothing,
mining, ore processing, timber
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ECONOMY (cont'd):
Shortages: petroleum, some raw materials, metal product~20 k per capita
9. p
Crude steel: 1.86 million metric tons produced igy50billion kw.
-hr. produced
Electric power: 4,035,000 kw. capacity (1970);
(1970), 2,285 kw.-hr. per capita
Exports: $2,009 million (f.o.b., 1970); in 1970, 29% machinery, equipment, and
transportation equipment; 13% fuels, minerals, raw materials, metals, and
35% foodstuffs
other industrial material; 8% agricultural-raw materials;
and animals; 15% industrial consumer goods and
Imports: $1,816 million (f.o.b., 1970); in 1970, 41% machinery, equipment,
transportation equipment; 38% fuels, minerals, raw materials, metals, other
6% foodstuffs and animals; 5%
materials; 10% agricultural raw materials;
industrial consumer goods
Major trade partners: $3,825 million in 1970; 22% with non-Communist countries;
78% with Communist countries (noncommercial) 1.99 leva=US $1
Monetary conversion rate: (commercial) 1.17 leva,
Fiscal year: calendar year; economic data reported for calendar year30except for
caloric intake, which is reported for consumption year 1 July
COMMUNICATIONS:
Railroads: 2,650 mi.; about 2,470 mi. standard gage, 180 mi. narrow gage; 127 mi.
double track; 477 mi. electrified; government owned (1971)
Highways: 20,700 mi.; 7,900 mi. paved, 8,100 mi. crushed stone and gravel,
4,700 mi. earth (1971)
Inland waterways: 300 mi. (1971)
8.9 billion short ton/mi.
Freight carried: rail -- 75.2 million short tons,
(1970); highway -- 511.5 million short tons, 4.7 billion short ton/mi. (1970);
waterway -- 3.5 million short tons, 1.2 billion short ton/mi. (1970)
Merchant marine: 108 ships (1,000 GRT and over) totaling 675,200 GRT, 974,200
DWT; includes 5 passenger, 56 cargo, 18 tanker, 29 bulk
Pipelines: crude oil, 41 mi.; natural gas, 29 mi.; refined, 3 mi.
42
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NIS 38 BURMA
LAND:
262,000 sq. mi.; 23% arable, of which 12% is cultivated,
67% forest, 10% urban and other area (1965)
Land boundaries: 3,630 mi.
WATER:
Limits of territorial waters: 12 n. mi. (extended base
lines 15 November 1968)
Coastline: 1,200 mi.
PEOPLE:
Population: 28,517,000, average annual growth rate 2.2%
(FY69); males 15-49, 6,834,000; 2,965,000 fit for
military service; about 275,000 males and 266,000 females reach military age
(18) annually; both are liable for military service
Ethnic divisions: 72% Burman, 7% Karen, 6% Shan, 2% Kachin, 2% Chin, 2% Chinese,
3% Indian, 6% other
Religion: 85% Buddhist, 15% animist and other
Language: Burmese; minority ethnic groups have their own languages
Literacy: 60% (official claim)
Labor force: 10 million; 67% agriculture, 13% industry, 20% services, commerce,
and transportation
Organized labor: no figure available; old labor organizations have been
disbanded, and government is forming one central labor organization
GOVERNMENT:
Legal name: Union of Burma
Type: military dictatorship since suspension of constitution in 1962
Capital: Rangoon
Political subdivisions: Burma proper, 4 other constituent states and 1 special
division for the ethnic minorities; subdivided into divisions, districts,
muncipalities, townships, and villages
Legal system: based on English common law and incorporates Buddhist, Hindu,
and Islamic relgious law; constitution of 1947 superseded by acts of the
new Revolutionary Government, which seized power in 1962; legal education
at Universities of Rangoon and Mandalay; has not accepted compulsory ICJ
jurisdiction
Branches: Revolutionary Council rules through a Council of Ministers
Government leader: Chairman of Revolutionary Council, Gen. Ne Win
Suffrage: universal over age 18 under suspended constitution
Elections: none held under present regime
Political parties and leaders: government-sponsored Burmese Socialist Program
Party only legal party
Communists: 5,000
Member of: Colombo Plan, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, IHB, ILO, IMCO, IMF,
ITU, Seabeds Committee (observer), U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO
ECONOMY:
GDP: $2.08 billion (FY70), less than $100 per capita; real growth rate 4% (FY70)
Agriculture: main crops -- paddy, sugarcane, peanuts; almost 100% self-sufficient;
most rice grown in deltaic land
Major industries: agricultural processing; textiles and footwear, wood and
wood products
Electric power: 253,000 kw. capacity (1969); 580 million kw.-hr. produced (1969),
21 kw.-hr. per capita
Exports: $112 million (f.o.b., 1970); rice, teak
Imports: $163 million (c.i.f., 1970)
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ECONOMY (cont'd):
Major trade partners: exports -- India, Western Europe, U.K., Japan; imports
Japan, Western Europe, U.K., India
Monetary conversion rate: 4.76 kyat=US$l
Fiscal year: 1 October - 30 September
COMMUNICATIONS:
Railroads: 2,022 mi.; 1,952 mi. meter gage, 70 mi. narrow-gage industrial lines;
204 mi. double track; government owned
Highways: 15,540 mi.; 4,210 mi. paved, 4,770 mi. gravel, 5,810 improved earth,
750 mi. unimproved earth
Inland waterways: 8,000 mi.; 2,000 mi. navigable by large commercial vessels
Ports: 4 major, 6 minor
Merchant marine: 9 cargo ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 55,500 GRT, 73,800
DWT
Airfields: 118 total, 83 usable; 20 with permanent-surface runways; 2 with
runways 8,000-11,999 ft., 37 with runways 4,000-7,999 ft.; 2 seaplane
stations
Telecommunications: provide minimum requirements for local intercity service;
international service is fair; radiobroadcast coverage is limited to the
more populous areas; 24,654 telephones; 500,000 radio sets; 1 AM, 1 FM,
and no TV stations
DEFENSE FORCES:
Military budget: for fiscal year ending 30 September 1971; $126 million, an
estimated 35% of total budget
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11,000 sq. mi.; about 37% arable (about 66% cultivated),
23% pasture, 10% scrub and forest, 30% other
Land boundary: 605 mi.
PEOPLE:
Population: 3,654,000, average annual growth rate 2.0%
(FY69); males 15-49, 850,000; 410,000 fit for military
service; 42,000 reach military age (16) annually
Ethnic divisions: Africans -- 86% Hutu (Bantu), 13% Tutsi
(Hamitic), 1% Twa (Pigmy); non-Africans include (late
1968) 3,000 Europeans, 1,000 Asians
Religion: over 60% Christian (50% Catholic, 10% Protestant);
rest mostly animist plus small number of Muslims
Language: Kirundi and French official
Literacy: about 55% in Kirundi, 10% in Swahili, or 6% in French
Labor force: 1,865,471 (1970 est.)
Organized labor: sole group is the Union of Burundi Workers (UTB), membership
about 30,000, affiliated with government party
GOVERNMENT:
Legal name: Republic of Burundi
Type: republic; military government since November 1966; no constitution
Capital : Bujumbura
Political subdivisions: 8 provinces, subdivided into 18 arrondissements and 78
communes
Legal system: based on German and French civil codes and customary law; has not
accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Branches: presidential cabinet with Council of Ministers; no legislature
Government leader: President Michel Micombero
Elections: latest legislative election May 1965
Political parties and leaders: National Party of Unity and Progress (UPRONA),
a predominantly Tutsi party, is only legitimate party; other parties, mostly
Hutu, since 1961 have been subverted, suppressed, intimidated by UPRONA, and
have ceased to exist
Voting strength (1965 elections): UPRONA won 21 of 33 Assembly seats; Hutu-
dominated People's Party won 10
Communists: no Communist party; resumed diplomatic relations with The People's
Republic of China in October 1971 following a six-year suspension; U.S.S.R.
and North Korea have diplomatic missions in Burundi
Member of: EAMA, ECA, IBRD, ICAO, ILO, IMO, OAU, U.N., UNESCO, WHO, WMO
ECONOMY:
GNP: about $207.4 million (1970), $60 per capita
Agriculture: major cash crops -- coffee, cotton; main food crops -- manioc,
yams, corn, sorghums, bananas, haricot beans; not self-sufficient
Industries: light consumer goods such as beverages, shoes, soap
Electric power: 13,100 kw. capacity (1970); 26 million kw.-hr. produced (1970),
7 kw.-hr. per capita
Exports: $21.7 million (f.o.b., 1970); coffee, cotton, hides, skins
Imports: $20.9 million (c.i.f., 1970); textiles, foodstuffs, transport equipment,
petroleum products
Major trade partners: U.S., Belgium, Congo; much trade unrecorded
Aid: $14.9 million (1969) includes U.S. $340,000 (U.S. $7.5 million FY61-70), Belgium
$7.6 million, U.N. $2.2 million, EDF $2.2 million
Monetary conversion rate: 87.5 Burundi francs=US$1 (official)
Fiscal year: calendar year
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Railroads: none
Highways: 3,700 mi.; 45 mi. bituminous, 3,655 mi. crushed stone, gravel, laterite,
and improved or unimproved earth
Inland waterways: Lake Tanganyika navigable for lake steamers and barges
Ports: 1 minor
Civil air: no major transport aircraft
Airfields: 32 total, 22 usable; 1 with permanent-surface runway; 1 with runway
8,000-11,999 ft.
Telecommunications: telegraph is principal service, limited telephones; 3,400
telephones, 65,000 radio receivers; 2 AM, 1 FM, and no TV stations
DEFENSE FORCES:
Military budget: for fiscal year ending December 1971, $1,100,000; about 4.5% of
ordinary budget
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LAND:
69,898 sq. mi.; 16% cultivated, 74% forested, 10% built-on
area, wasteland, and other (1958)
Land boundaries: 1,515 mi.
WATER:
Limits of territorial waters: 12 n. mi. (fishing, 12 n. mi.)
Coastline: about 400 mi.
PEOPLE:
Population: 7,075,000 average annual growth rate 2.2%
(FY69); males 15-49, 1,589,000; 885,000 fit for
military service; 83,000 reach military age (18)
annually
Ethnic divisions: 89% Khmer (Cambodian), 3% Vietnamese, 5% Chinese, 3% other
minorities
Religion: 95% Theravada Buddhism, 5% various other
Language: Cambodian
Literacy: 55% (est.)
Labor force: 2.56 million; 80.9% agriculture, 5.5% sales, 4.7% manufacturing,
transport, communications, 3.9% professional, administrative, clerical,
3.5% defense; 1.5% unemployed
Organized labor: .5% of labor force
GOVERNMENT:
Legal name: Khmer Republic
Type: constitution being revised to support presidential parliamentary system
Capital: Phnom Penh
Political subdivisions: 20 provinces with centrally appointed governors,
3 independent municipalities
Legal system: based on French civil law system; constitution adopted 1947 and
amended 1960; no judicial review of legislative acts; accepts compulsory ICJ
jurisdiction, with reservations
Branches: constituent assembly replaced legislature October 1971 for purpose of
writing new constitution
Government leader: chief of state, Cheng Heng; Prime Minister, Lon Nol; Prime
Minister Delegate, Sirik Matak
Suffrage: universal over age 20
Elections: postponed indefinitely
Political parties and leaders: none
Communists: party strength unknown; known Communist troops in excess of 15,000
Member of: ADB, Colombo Plan, IAEA, IBRD pending, ICAO, IMF pending, U.N., WMO
ECONOMY:
GNP: $634 million (1969), $90 per capita (constant 1966 prices, converted at
55.5 riels=US$1); 1960-69 average growth rate 3.6% (constant 1966 prices)
Agriculture: Mainly subsistence except for rubber plantations; main crops --
rice, rubber, corn; largely self-sufficient; food shortages -- dairy products,
sugar, flour
Major industries: rice milling, fishing, wood and wood products, textiles
Shortages: fossil fuels
Electric power: 101,000 kw. capacity (1969); 175 million kw.-hr. produced (1969),
26 kw.-hr. per capita
Exports: $37.8 million (1970); rice, rubber, corn
Imports: $37.2 million (1970); metals and metal products, transportation equipment,
food, textiles, petroleum products, minerals
Major trade partners: (1970) exports -- France, Hong Kong, Senegal, 24% with
Communist countries; imports -- Japan, France, U.S., 2% with Communist countries
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Monetary conversion rate: 55.5 riels=US$l (effective 18 August 1969)
Fiscal year: calendar year
COMMUNICATIONS:
Railroads: 409 mi. meter gage; government owned
Highways: 9,340 mi.; 1,600 mi. bituminous, 1,000 mi. crushed stone, gravel, or
laterite; 275 mi. improved earth; and 6,465 mi. unimproved earth
Inland waterways: 1,220 mi. during high water, 1,010 mi. during low water;
90% of total navigability on Mekong system and Tonle Sap
Freight carried: (1968) rail -- 50 million ton-miles; waterway -- approximately
300,000 short tons annually; figures unavailable for highways
Ports: 2 major, 6 minor
Merchant marine: 1 cargo ship (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 1,398 GRT, 2,600 DWT;
Airfields: 94 total, 42 usable; 8 with permanent-surface runways; 2 with runways
8,000-11,999 ft., 10 with runways 4,000-7,999 ft.; 1 seaplane station
Telecommunications: service to general public considered poor; barely adequate
for government requirements; international service fair to adjoining countries
and a few other nations; radiobroadcasts and television coverage limited by
small number of stations and receivers; 8,024 (est.) telephones; 102,500
radio receivers; 25,000 (est.) TV receivers; 1 AM, 2 AM relay, no FM, and 1 TV
station; no submarine cables
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NIS 52C CAMEROON
LAND:
183,400 sq. mi.; 4% cultivated, 18% grazing, 13% fallow,
50% forest, 15% other (1964)
Land boundaries: 2,830 mi.
WATER:
Limits of territorial waters: 18 n. mi.
Coastline: 250 mi.
PEOPLE:
Population: 5,989,000, average annual growth rate 1.7%
(FY70); males 15-49, 1,352,000; 705,000 fit for
military service; average number reaching military
age (18) annually about 61,000
Ethnic divisions: about 200 tribes of widely differing background; 31% Cameroon
Highlanders, 19% Equatorial Bantu, 8% North West Bantu, 10% Fulani, 7%
Eastern Nigritic, 11% Kirdi, 13% other African, less than 1% non-African
Religion: about one-half animist, one-third Christian; rest Muslim
Language: English and French official, 24 major African language groups
Literacy: South 40%, North 10%
Labor force: most of population engaged in subsistence agriculture; 200,000 wage
earners (maximum) including 22,000 government employees, 63,000 paid
agricultural workers, 49,000 in manufacturing
Organized labor: under 45% of wage labor force
GOVERNMENT:
Legal name: Federal Republic of Cameroon
Type: federal republic; one-party presidential regime
Capital: Yaounde
Political subdivisions: East Cameroon and West Cameroon make up two parts of
federation, divided into 9 divisions (West), 30 departments (East),
6 administrative regions
Legal system: based on French civil law system, with common law influence;
constitution adopted 1961; judicial review in Federal Court of Justice, when
a question of constitutionality is referred to it by the President of the
Republic; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Branches: federal -- executive, legislative, judicial; East Cameroon and West
Cameroon each has own government as well
Government leader: President Ahmadou Ahidjo
Suffrage: universal over age 21
Elections: presidential elections held 28 March 1970; federal parliamentary
elections last held 7 June 1970
Political parties and leaders: single party, Cameroonian National Union (UNC),
President Ahmadou Ahidjo
Voting strength: (1970 elections - 98% in presidential; 94% in parliamentary
Communists: no Communist Party or significant sympathizers
Other political or pressure groups: Cameroon People's Union (UPC), illegal exile
group which has engaged in guerrilla warfare in the past and continues to
carry out sporadic terror against the government
Member of: African Development Bank, EAMA, FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ILO,
IMCO, IMF, ITU, Lake Chad Basin Commission, OAU, Seabeds Committee, UDEAC,
U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO
ECONOMY:
GDP: $872 million (1970 est.), per capita about $150; real growth rate about 7%
per annum
Agriculture: commercial and food crops -- cocoa, coffee, timber, cotton, rubber,
bananas, peanuts, palm oil and palm kernels; root starches, livestock, millet,
sorghum, and rice
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ECONOMY (cont c
Fishing: catch about 73,000 tons (1970), value not available; exports -- none
(1970), imports $1.6 million (1970)
Major industries: small aluminum plant; food processing and light consumer goods
industries, sawmills
Electric power: 200,000 kw. capacity (1970); 1,150 million kw.-hr. produced
(1970), 194 kw.-hr. per capita
Exports: $226 million (f.o.b., 1970) cocoa and coffee about 55%; other exports
include timber, aluminum, cotton, natural rubber, bananas, peanuts, tobacco,
and tea
Imports: $242 million (c.i.f., 1970) consumer goods, machinery, transport equipment,
alumina for refining, petroleum products, food and beverages; about 2% from
Communist countries
Major trade partners: about 70% of total trade with France and other EC countries;
less than 10% of total trade with U.S.
Monetary conversion rate: 1 Communaute Financiere Africaine franc=0.02 French
francs; prior to 13 August 1971, 277 CFA francs = US$1 (official)
Fiscal year: 1 July - 30 June
COMMUNICATIONS:
Railroads: 623 mi.; 533 mi. meter gage, 90 mi. 1'11 5/8" gage
Highways: approximately 8,545 mi.; 765 mi. BST, 7,780 mi. gravel, laterite, or
improved earth
Inland waterways: 1,300 mi.
Ports: 1 major, 3 minor
Civil air: 4 major transport aircraft
Airfields: 59 total, 55 usable; 5 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runway
8,000-11,999 ft., 19 with runways 4,000-7,999 ft.; 1 seaplane station
Telecommunications: good telephone service between Douala and Yaounde, fair in
southern part; fair to good telegraph service; 5,800 telephones; 211,500
radio receivers; 4 AM, no FM, and no TV stations; limited wired broadcast;
1 submarine cable
DEFENSE FORCES:
Supply: mostly from France
Military budget: for fiscal year ending 30 June 1972, $24,174,500; 14.0% of
total budget
50
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 NIS r pproved For Release 20@Ei4gIpQ?11kF f&~[k~F pI1C051A000400010002-1
LAND:
242,000 sq. mi.; 10%-15% cultivated, 5% dense forests,
80-85% grazing, fallow, vacant arable land, urban,
waste (1966 est.)
Land boundaries: 3,095 mi.
PEOPLE:
Population: 1,596,000, average annual growth rate 2.0%
(FY69); males 15-49, 415,000; 200,000 fit for
military service
Ethnic divisions: approximately 80 ethnic groups, the
majority of which have related ethnic and linguistic
characteristics; Banda (32%) and Baya-Mandjia (29%) are
largest single groups; 6,500 Europeans, of whom 6,000 are French and majority
of the rest Portuguese
Religion: 40% Protestant, 28% Catholic, 27% animist, 5% Muslim; animistic
beliefs and practices strongly influence the Christian majority
Language: French official; Sangho, the lingua franca and unofficial national
language
Literacy: estimated at 5%-10%
Labor force: about half the population economically active, 80% of whom are in
agriculture; between 50,000 and 85,000 salaried workers (1966)
Organized labor: 1% of labor force
GOVERNMENT:
Legal name: Central African Republic
Type: republic; constitution abrogated following military coup in January 1966
Capital: Bangui
Political subdivisions: 14 prefectures, 47 subprefectures
Legal system: based-on French, Islamic, and tribal law; in 1966 the Chief of
State assumed all power and abrogated the existing constitution; has not
accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Branches: Gen. Bokassa heads government and rules by decree; assisted by
cabinet called Council of Ministers; judiciary, including Supreme Court,
court of appeals, criminal court, and numerous lower courts
Government leader: President Jean-Bedel Bokassa
Suffrage: universal over age 21
Elections: none have been held under Bokassa regime
Political parties and leaders: Black African Social Evolution Movement (MESAN),
ruling party under former regime, still in existence but plays little role,
led by President Jean-Bedel Bokassa
Communists: no Communist Party or significant number of sympathizers
Member of: EAMA, FAO, GATT, IBRD, ICAO, ILO, IMF, ITU, OAU, OCAM, UDEAC, U.N.,
UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO
ECONOMY:
GDP: $168 million (1967), about $120 per capita
Agriculture: commercial -- cotton, coffee, peanuts, sesame, wood; main food
crops -- manioc, corn, peanuts, rice, potatoes, beef; requires wheat, flour,
rice, beef, and sugar imports
Major industries: sawmills, cotton textile mills, brewery, diamond mining and
splitting
Electric power: 15,100 kw. capacity (1970); 32 million kw.-hr. produced (1970),
20 kw.-hr. per capita
Exports: $38 million (f.o.b., 1969); diamonds (43%), coffee, cotton, lumber
Imports: $44 million (c.i.f., 1969); textiles, petroleum products, machinery
and electrical equipment, motor vehicles and equipment, chemicals and
pharmaceuticals
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ECONOMY (cont'd):
Major trade partner: France; preferential
franc zone; U.S.
Monetary conversion rate: 277 Communaute
(official)
Fiscal year: calendar year
tariff applied to EC countries and
Financiere Africaine francs=US$l
COMMUNICATIONS:
Railroads: none
Highways: 13,250 mi.; 50 mi. bituminous, 2,330 mi. gravel and/or crushed stone,
3,420 mi. improved earth, 7,450 mi. unimproved earth
Inland waterways: 4,400 mi.; traditional trade carried on by means of dugouts
on the extensive system of rivers and streams; only the Oubangui River
between Bangui and Brazzaville and short sections of the Sangha and the
Lobaye Rivers are navigable throughout year; during high-water period
(July - December) Oubangui navigable upstream from Bangui as far as Ouango
Port: Bangui, Ouango (river ports)
Civil air: 4 major transport aircraft
Airfields: 65 total, 49 usable; 3 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runway
8,000-11,999 ft., 15 with runways 4,000-7,999 ft.
Telecommunications: facilities are meager and provide only barely sufficient
services; principal network is 39 low-capacity, low-powered radiocommunica-
tion stations; no cables or radio relay links are used; single center of
Bangui has only international radio connections; 3,500 telephones; 46,000
radio receivers; 1 AM, 1 FM, and no TV stations
DEFENSE FORCES:
Supply: completely dependent on France
Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1970, $4,878,000; about
11.2% of ordinary budget
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NIS 37 CEYLON
LAND:
25,300 sq. mi.; 23% arable; 20% desert, waste, or urban;
54% forested; 3% inland water (1968)
WATER:
Limits of territorial waters: 12 n. mi. (fishing, 12 n. mi.)
Coastline: 835 mi.
PEOPLE:
Population: 12,814,000, average annual growth rate 2.3%
(July 63-September 71); males 15-49, 3,086,000;
2,315,000 fit for military service; 143,000 reach
military age (18) annually
Ethnic divisions: 71% Sinhalese, 21% Tamil, 6% Moor, 2% other
Religion: 64% Buddhist, 20% Hindu, 9% Christian, 6% Muslim, 1% other
Language: Sinhala official, spoken by about 70% of population; Tamil spoken by
about 22%; English commonly used in government and spoken by about 10%
of the population
Literacy: 82% (1970 est.)
Labor force: 4 million; at least 14% unemployed or underemployed; employed
persons -- 53.4% agriculture, 14.8% mining and manufacturing, 12.4% trade
and transport, 19.4% services and other
Organized labor: 43% of labor force, over 50% of which employed on tea, rubber,
and coconut estates
GOVERNMENT:
Legal name: Dominion of Ceylon (rarely used)
Type: independent state since 1948; recognizes Elizabeth II as sovereign
Capital: Colombo
Political subdivisions: 9 provinces, 22 administrative districts, and four
categories of semiautonomous elected local governments
Legal system: a highly complex mixture of English common law, Roman-Dutch,
Muslim and customary law; constitution adopted 1946-47, new constitution
to be adopted soon; no judicial review of legislative acts; legal
education at Ceylon Law College and University of Ceylon, Peradeniya; has
not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Branches: unitary parliamentary form of government; unicameral legislature
and independent judiciary
Government leader: Prime Minister Sirimavo Bandaranaike
Suffrage: universal over age 18, but approximately 1.1 million Indian Tamils
not enfranchised
Elections: national elections, ordinarily held every 5 years (last election
held May 1970); must be held more frequently if government loses
confidence vote
Political parties and leaders: Sri Lanka Freedom Party, Sirimavo Ratwatte Dias
Bandaranaike, President; Lanka Sama Samaja Party (Trotskyite), N. M.
Perera, President; Mahajana Eksath Peramuna, Philip Gunawardena, President;
Federal Party, S. J. V. Chelvanayakam, leader; United National Party, Dudley
Senanayake, President; Ceylon Communist Party/Moscow, Pieter Keuneman,
Secretary General; Ceylon Communist Party/Peking, N. Shanmugathasan Faction;
Ceylon Communist Party/Peking, P. Kumarasiri Faction; All Ceylon Tamil
Congress, G. G. Ponnambalam, President
Voting strength (1970 election): 37% Sri Lanka Freedom Party, 38% United
National Party, 9% Lanka Sama Samaja Party, 3.5% Communist Party/Moscow,
5% Federal Party, minor parties and independents accounted for remainder
Communists: approximately 169,000 voted for the Communist Party in the May 1970
general election; Communist Party/Moscow approximately 2,000, Communist
Party/Peking 532 (1968 est.)
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 GOVERNMENT pr?vp~ For Release 2004/08/31 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000400010002-1
Other political or pressure groups: Buddhist clergy, Sinhalese Buddhist lay
groups
Member of: ADB, Colombo Plan, Commonwealth, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, ILO,
IMCO, IMF, ITU, Seabeds Committee, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO
ECONOMY:
GNP: $1.95 billion (1970), $150 per capita; real growth rate 4.1% (1970)
Agriculture: agriculture accounts for about 35% of GNP; main crops -- rice,
rubber, tea, coconuts; 55% self-sufficient in food; food shortages -- rice,
wheat, sugar, fish
Fishing: catch 140,000 tons (1970), $64 million; exports $0.4 million, imports
$11.7 million
Major industries: processing of rubber, tea, and other agricultural commodities;
consumer goods manufacture
Electric power: 298,000 kw. capacity (1969); 750 million kw.-hr. produced
(1969), 60 kw.-hr. per capita
Exports: $342 million (f.o.b., 1970); tea, rubber, coconut products
Imports: $398 million (c.i.f., 1970)
Major trade partners: (1969) exports -- U.K. 20.2%, China 12.8%, U.S. 8.0%,
Australia 4.2%, South Africa 4.5%, U.S.S.R. 4.8%, West Germany 4.1%, Canada
2.6%; imports -- U.K. 17.4%, China 11.1%, India 8.3%, Australia 4.5%,
U.S.S.R. 2.0%, U.S. 8.4%, Japan 7.4%, Burma 1.2%
Monetary conversion rate: 5.95 rupees=US$l
Fiscal year: 1 October - 30 September
COMMUNICATIONS:
Railroads: 938 mi.; 851 mi. 5'6" gage, 87 mi. 2'6" gage; 63 mi. double track;
no electrification; government owned
Highways: 25,580 mi.; 11,700 mi. paved (mostly bituminous treated), 11,500 mi.
crushed stone or gravel, 530 mi. improved earth, 1,850 mi. unimproved earth;
in addition several thousand mi. of tracks, mostly unmotorable
Inland waterways: 270 mi.; navigable by shallow-draft craft
Ports: 3 major, 9 minor
Airfields: 17 total, 13 usable; 13 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with
runway 8,000-11,999 ft., 7 with runways 4,000-7,999 ft.; 1 seaplane station
Telecommunications: an inadequate telephone and a less extensive but more
efficient telegraph system serves most areas, with greatest concentration
around Colombo and Kandy; all areas are served by radio and/or wire
broadcast; excellent international service; 60,841 telephones; 500,000 radio
sets, no TV sets; 1 AM (plus 4 repeater stations), no FM, and no TV stations;
submarine cables extend to India, Malaysia, Seychelle Islands, and Aden
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NIS 52A
LAND:
496,000 sq. mi.; 17% arable, 35% pastureland, 2% forest
and scrub, 46% other uses and waste (1967)
Land boundaries: 3,720 mi.
U" > >
Boulala, and Wadai) in the north and center and non-Muslims (Sara, Mayo- Kebbi,
and Chari) in the south; some 150,000 nonindigenous, 5,000 of them French
Religion: about half Muslim, 5% Christian, remainder animist
Language: French official; Chadian Arabic is lingua franca in north, Sara and
Sangho in south
Literacy: about 7%
Labor force: only 55% of population in economically active group, of which 90%
are engaged in unpaid subsistence farming, herding, and fishing; 60,000
wage earners in industry and civil service
Organized labor: about 20% of wage labor force
PEOPLE:
Population: 3,842,000, average annual growth rate 2.4%
(current); males 15-49, 933,000; 485,000 fit for military
service; average number reaching military age (20)
annually about 35,000
Ethnic divisions: over 240 tribes representing 12 ethnic
groups -- white Muslims (Arabs, Toubou, and Fulani)
A black Muslims (Kotoko Hausa Kanembou, Baguirmi,
GOVERNMENT:
Legal name: Republic of Chad
Type: republic; one-party presidential regime since 1962
Capital: Fort-Lamy
Political subdivisions: 14 prefectures
Legal system: based on French civil law system and Chadian customary law;
constitution adopted 1962; judicial review of legislative acts in theory a
power of the Supreme Court; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Branches: President, who has sweeping powers, elected by universal adult suffrage
to 7-year term; separate popularly elected unicameral National Assembly
with 5-year term; independent judiciary
Government leader: President Francois Tombalbaye
Elections: presidential elections held June 1969, parliamentary elections last
held December 1969
Political parties and leaders: Chadian Progressive Party (PPT), only legal
party, led by Francois Tombalbaye
Voting strength: (1969 elections) 93% in presidential, 97% in parliamentary
Communists: no front organizations or underground party; probably a few
Communists and some sympathizers
Other political or pressure groups: lightly armed Muslim rebel bands have been
sporadically harassing government forces since October 1965 in east-central
and since August 1969 in northern Chad; in 1971, this dissidence was
concentrated mainly in the north and east
Member of: EAMA, FAO, GATT, ICAO, IBRD, IDA, ILO, IMF, ITU, Lake Chad Basin
Commission, OAU, OCAM, UEAC, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO
ECONOMY:
GDP: about $209 million (1967), about $60 per capita; annual growth rate 5.7%
Agriculture: commercial -- cotton, gum arabic, livestock, fish; food crops --
peanuts, millet, sorghum, rice, dates, manioc, wheat; imports food
Fishing: catch 100,000-110,000 tons annually; exports $300,000 (1969)
Major industries: agricultural and livestock processing plants (cotton textile
mill, slaughterhouses, brewery), natron
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 ECONOMY (con 4pproved For Release 2004/08/31 : CIA-RDP79-01051AO004000100~2
Electric power: 16,300 kw. capacity (1970); 45 million kw.-Fir. produce (970),
12 kw.-hr. per capita
Exports: $33.8 million (c.i.f., 1968) including trade with members of the
Economic and Customs Union of Central Africa (UDEAC); cotton 80%, meat, hides
Imports: $50.0 million (c.i.f., 1968) including UDEAC trade; petroleum, textiles,
machinery and motor vehicles; $1.3 million from Communist countries (1967)
Major trade partners: France (about 36%) and-UDEAC countries; preferential
tariffs to EC and franc zone countries
Aid: major source France, FY61-67 $49.1 million; EC (FY60-67) $28.6 million;
U.S. (FY62-70) $9.2 million; U.S.S.R. $2.2 million (1968); military aid
(1954-68) -- $5.4 million, from France $4.1 million, remainder from West
Germany and Israel
Monetary conversion rate: 277 Communaute Financiere Africaine francs=US$l
(official)
Fiscal year: calendar year
COMMUNICATIONS:
Railroads: none
Highways: 19,200 mi.; 160 rni. bituminous, 3,300 mi. gravel and laterite, and
15,740 mi. unimproved
Inland waterways: approximately 1,300 mi. of year-round navigability, increased
to 3,000 mi. during high-water period
Civil air: 3 major transport aircraft
Airfields: 74 total, 60 usable; 4 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runway
8,000-11,999 ft., 18 with runways 4,000-7,999 ft.
Telecommunications: fair system of radiocommunication stations only for intercity
links; principal center Fort-Lamy, secondary center Fort-Archambault; 4,200
telephones; 60,000 radio receivers; 1 AM, 1 FM, and no TV stations
58
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NIS 89 CHILE
LAND:
286,000 sq. mi; 2% cultivated, 7% other arable, 15%
permanent pasture, grazing, 29% forest, 47% barren
mountains, deserts, and cities (1965)
Land boundaries: 3,930 mi.
WATER:
Limits of territorial waters: claim 3 n. mi.
(fishing, 200 n. mi.)
Coastline: 4,000 mi.
PEOPLE:
Population: 9,124,000, average annual growth rate 1.9%
(November 60-April 70); males 15-49, 2,177,000; 1,620,000 fit for military
service; average number reaching military age (19) annually about 90,000
Ethnic divisions: 85%-90% mestizo, 3% Indian, 7% European, Asiatic, and other
Religion: 90% Roman Catholic, 5% (est.) Evangelical, 5% other
Language: Spanish
Literacy: 84%
Labor force: 3.1 million (1969); 28% agricultural, 24% industry and construction,
24% services, 10% commerce, 4% mining, 10% other (1962)
Organized labor: 20% of labor force
GOVERNMENT:
Legal name: Republic of Chile
Type: republic
Capital: Santiago
Political subdivisions: 25 provinces
Legal system: based on Code 1857 derived from Spanish law and subsequent codes
influenced by French and Austrian law; constitution adopted 1925, amended
since then; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court; legal
education at University of Chile, Catholic University, and several others;
has not accepted compulsory ICJ jursidiction
Branches: president; bicameral legislature; independent judiciary
Government leader: President Salvador Allende
Suffrage: universal (except enlisted military and police) and compulsory at
age, 18
Elections: next presidential election (1976); next Chamber of Deputies election
(1973); 20 senators (1973)
Political parties and leaders:. Communist Party, Luis Corvalan; Socialist Party,
Salvador Allende and Carlos Altamirano; Popular Socialist Union, Raul Ampuero;
Christian Democratic Party, Eduardo Frei and Rodomiro Tomic; Radical Party,
Carlos Morales; National Party, Sergio Onofre Jarpa
Voting strength (1970 presidential election): 36.6% Marxist-led coalition, 35.3%
conservative independent, 28.1% Christian Democrat; (1969 Congressional
election) 12.9% Radical, 29.7% Christian Democrat, 12.2% Socialist, 15.7%
Communist, 20.0% National, 9.5% other
Communists: 65,000; sympathizers, 100,000
Other political or pressure groups: organized labor; business organizations;
landowners' associations (SNA -- Sociedad Nacional de Agricultura);
terrorist MIR (Movement of Revolutionary Left)
Member of: ECOSOC, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDB, IHB, IMF, LAFTA and Andean Sub-
Regional Group (created in May 1969 within LAFTA), OAS, Seabeds Committee,
U.N.
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ECONOMY:
GNP: $8.3 billion (purchasing power parity estimate, 1970), $850 per capita;
73% private consumption, 14% government consumption, 13% gross investment
(1970 est.); real growth rate 1970, 2% (est.)
Agriculture: main crops -- wheat, other cereals, potatoes; about 75% self-
sufficient; 2,600 calories per day per capita (1970 est.)
Fishing: catch 1.08 million tons; exports $25.4 million, imports $0.2 million
Major industries: copper, nitrates, foodstuffs, fish processing, textiles and
apparel, iron and steel, pulp and paper
Crude steel: 0.7 million metric tons capacity (1967); 0.6 million metric tons
produced (1969), 60 kg. per capita
Electric power: 2.55 million kw. capacity (1970 est.); 8.9 billion kw.-hr.
produced (1970 est.), 910 kw.-hr. per capita
Exports: $1,130 million (f.o.b., 1970 est.); copper, nitrates, iron
Imports: $1,020 million (c.i.f., 1970 est.); machinery and equipment, chemicals
petroleum, foodstuffs
Major trade partners: exports -- EC 42%, U.K. 12%, U.S. 14%, Japan 12%, LAFTA
10%; imports -- U.S. 37%, EC 21%, U.K. 6%, Japan 3%, LAFTA 21% (1970)
Aid:
economic -- extensions from U.S. (FY46-70) -- $1,559.7 million ($1,354.2
million loans, $200.7 million grants); from international organizations
(FY46-70) -- $566.3 million (of which IBRD $232.7 million, IDB $253.9
million); from other Western countries (1960-66) -- $170.6 million; from
Communist countries (1967-70) -- $59.8 million;
military (FY46-70) -- from U.S., $20.1 million in loans, $123.8 million in
grants
Monetary conversion rate: multiple exchange rate system; 28.03 escudos=US$l
nontrade (broker) rate; 12.23 escudos=US$l trade rate; varying taxes drive
effective rate as high as 43 escudos=US$l for some purposes; black market
rate is upwards of 65 escudos=US$l (September 1971)
Fiscal year: calendar year
COMMUNICATIONS:
Railroads: 5,090 mi.; 1,930 mi. 5'6" gage, 230 mi. 4'8 1/2" gage, 200 mi. 3'6"
gage, 2,590 mi. 3'3 3/8" gage, 80 mi. 2'6" gage, 60 mi. 1'11 5/8" gage,
133 mi. double track; 437 mi. electrified
Highways: 40,000 mi.; 4,600 mi. paved, 19,900 mi. gravel, 15,500 mi. improved
and unimproved earth
Inland waterways: 451 mi.
Pipelines: crude oil, 380 mi.; refined products, 510 mi., natural gas, 200 mi.
Ports: 10 major, 20 minor
Merchant marine: 49 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 400,100 GRT, 595,100 DWT;
includes 2 passenger, 30 cargo, 6 tanker, 9 bulk, 2 specialized carrier;
includes 2 naval tankers and 1 transport sometimes used commercially
Civil air: 48 major transport aircraft
Airfields: 431 total, 302 usable; 40 with permanent-surface runways; 2 with run-
ways 8,000-11,999 ft., 53 with runways 4,000-7,999 ft.; 7 seaplane stations
Telecommunications: extensive radio relay network under construction; telephone
network modern but with only 349,000 instruments; communications satellite
ground station; est. 2.5 million radio and 500,000 TV receivers, 137 AM,
30 FM, and 15 TV stations
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LAND:
3.7 million sq. mi.; 11% cultivated, sown area extended by
multicropping, 78% desert, waste, or urban (32% of
this area consists largely of denuded wasteland,
plains, rolling hills, and basins from which about 3%
could be reclaimed), 8% forested; 2%-3% inland water
(1971)
Land boundaries: 15,000 mi.
WATER:
Limits of territorial waters: 12 n. mi.
Coastline: 9,000 mi.
PEOPLE:
Population: 864,530,000, average annual growth rate 2.3% (current)
Ethnic divisions: 94% Han Chinese; 6% Chuang, Uighur, Hui, Yi, Tibetan, Miao,
Manchu, Mongol, Pu-I, Korean, and numerous lesser nationalities
Religion: most people, even before 1949, have been pragmatic and eclectic,
not seriously religious; most important elements of religion are Confucian-
ism, Taoism, Buddhism, ancestor worship; about 2%-3% Muslim, 1% Christian
Language: Chinese (Mandarin mainly; also Cantonese, Wu, Fukienese, Amoy, Hsiang,
Kan, Hakka dialects), and minority languages (see ethnic divisions above)
Literacy: at least 25%
Labor force: 335 million (mid-1966); 85% agriculture, 15% other; shortage of
skilled labor (managerial, technical, mechanics, etc.); surplus of unskilled
labor
GOVERNMENT:
Legal name: People's Republic of China
Type: Communist state; since beginning of Cultural Revolution, real authority
has become increasingly diffused as result of persistent rivalries within
the top leadership
Capital: Peking (Peiping)
Political subdivisions: 21 provinces, 3 centrally governed municipalities, and
5 autonomous regions
Legal system: before 1966, a complex amalgam of custom and statute, largely
criminal; little ostensible development of uniform code of administrative
and civil law; highest judicial organ is Supreme People's Court although
legal activity centered in parallel network of Public Security organs; laws
and legal procedure clearly subordinated to priorities of party policy; whole
system largely suspended during Cultural Revolution and only gradually being
revived under military tutelage
Branches: prior to 1966 control was exercised by Chinese Communist Party, through
State Council, which supervised more than 50 ministries, commissions, bureaus,
etc., all technically under the standing committee of the National People's
Congress; this system broke down under "Cultural Revolution" pressures and
is currently in process of being reconsolidated and streamlined
Government leader: Premier of State Council, Chou En-lai; Chairman, People's
Republic of China (chief of state, a ceremonial post currently vacant); both
subordinate to central committee of CCP, under Chairman Mao Tse-tung
Suffrage: universal over age 18, though this is academic
Elections: no meaningful elections
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Political parties and leaders: Chinese Communist Party (CCP), headed by Mao
Tse-tung; Mao is Chairman of political bureau, usually real locus of power
in China, and also Chairman of Central Committee; a new central committee
was formed at the 9th Party Congress held in April 1969 but the National
People's Congress, the body which would confirm the new constitution, has
not yet been held; all 29 provincial level party committees were reestablished
by 19 August 1971 and most sub-provincial levels now have party committees
Voting strength: 100% Communist for practical purposes; no political nonconformity
permitted
Communists: about 20 million in 1965
Other political or pressure groups: pre-Cultural Revolution mass organizations
have not yet resumed their former roles of a united front facade; army (PLA)
is dominant force in countryside, with soldiers performing a wide range of
civil political-administrative duties
Member of: U.N., Red Cross, other international bodies
ECONOMY:
GNP: about $120 billion (1970), $145 per capita
Agriculture: main crops -- rice, wheat, miscellaneous grains, cotton; caloric
intake, 2,000 calories per day per capita (1970); agriculture mainly
subsistence; grain imports 4-5 million tons annually (1961-70)
Major industries: iron and steel, coal, machine building, armaments, textiles
Shortages: complex machinery and equipment, highly skilled scientists and
technicians
Crude steel: 17 million tons produced (1970), 20 kilograms per capita (1970)
Exports: $2.1 billion (f.o.b., 1970), agricultural products, minerals and metals,
manufactured goods
Imports: $2.2 billion (c.i.f., 1970), grain, chemical fertilizer, industrial
raw materials, machinery and equipment
Major trade partners: Japan, Hong Kong, West Germany, U.K., Singapore, Malaysia,
Canada, Australia (1970)
Monetary conversion rate: 2.46 yuan=US$l (arbitrarily established)
Fiscal year: calendar year
COMMUNICATIONS:
Railroads: about 25,000 mi., of which 370 mi. 3'3 3/8" gage, 30 mi. 3'6" gage,
24,600 mi. 4'8 1/2" gage; mostly single track, less than 1% electrified;
government owned
Highways: 325,000 mi.; 1,000 mi. paved, 74,000 mi. gravel and crushed stone,
80,000 mi. improved earth, and 170,000 mi. unimproved earth, including tracks
Inland waterways: 105,000 mi.; 25,000 mi. navigable by modern motorized craft
Ports: 9 major, 157 minor
Airfields: 303 total; 209 with permanent-surface runways; 4 with runways over
12,000 ft., 60 with runways 8,000-11,999 ft., 207 with runways 4,000-7,999
ft.; 1 seaplane station
*In terms of DWT, 65% of the fleet is employed in domestic operations and the remainder
in international operations to Southeast Asia, Africa, Europe, and Japan.
62
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 NIS ARproved For Release 2004/O8I 1 : IA-RDP70-01O51AOOO4OOO1OOO2-1
LAND:
14,000 sq. mi. (Taiwan and Pescadores); 24% cultivated,
6% pasture, 55% forested, 15% other (urban, industrial,
denuded, water area) (1969)
WATER:
Limits of territorial waters: 3 n. mi.
Coastline: 615 mi. Taiwan, 285 mi. offshore islands
PEOPLE:
Population: 15,003,000 (excluding the population of
Quemoy and Matsu Islands and foreigners), average
annual growth rate 2.3% (January 70-71); males 15-49,
3,595,000; 2,720,000 fit for military service; average
number currently reaching military age (19) annually
180,000
Ethnic divisions: 84% Taiwanese, 14% mainland Chinese, 2% aborigines
Religion: 93% mixture of Buddhism, Confucianism, and Taoism; 4.5% Christian;
2.5% other
Language: Mandarin, Taiwanese, Japanese, English
Literacy: about 90%
Labor force: 4.5 million; 41% agriculture, forestry, fishing, 18% manufacturing,
15% services, 15% commerce, 5% transportation and communications,
4% construction, 2% mining (1968)
Organized labor: about 10% of 1968 labor force (government controlled)
GOVERNMENT:
Legal name: Republic of China
Type: republic; one-party presidential regime
Capital: Taipei
Political subdivisions: 16 counties, 4 cities, 1 special municipality (Taipei)
Legal system: based on civil law system; constitution adopted 1947, amended 1960
to permit Chiang Kai-shek to be reelected; some judicial review of legislative
acts; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations
Branches: 5 independent branches (executive, legislative, judicial, plus traditional
Chinese functions of examination and control), dominated by executive branch;
President and Vice President elected by National Assembly
Government leaders: President Chiang Kai-shek; Vice President, Premier Yen
Chia-kan; Vice-Premier, Chairman Council for International Economic
Cooperation and Development Chiang Ching-kuo
Suffrage: universal over age 20
Elections: national level -- legislative yuan every 3 years but not held since
1948 election on mainland (partial election for Taiwan province representatives
December 1969); local level -- provincial assembly, county and municipal
executives every 4 years; county and municipal assemblies every 4 years
Political parties and leaders: Kuomintang, or National Party, led by Director
General Chiang Kai-shek, has no real opposition; 2 insignificant parties
are Democratic Socialist Party, Young China Party
Voting strength (1968 provincial assembly election): 61 seats Kuomintang,
10 seats independents
Member of: expelled from U.N. General Assembly and Security Council on 25 October
1971 and withdrew on same date from other charter-designated subsidiary organs;
attempting to retain membership in specialized agencies, such as IAEA, IBRD,
ICAO, IDA, IHB, IMCO, IMF, ITU, UPU, WHO, WMO
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 ECONOMY: Approved For Release 2004/08/31 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000400010002-1
GNP: $4.8 billion (1969), $320 per capita; real growth, 9%
Agriculture: most arable land intensely farmed -- 60% cultivated land under
irrigation; main crops -- rice, sweet potatoes, sugarcane, bananas,
pineapples, citrus fruits; 90% self-sufficient; food shortages -- wheat
Fishing: catch 561,000 tons, $146 million (1969)
Major industries: textile manufacturing, chemicals, plywood, electronics, sugar
milling, food processing, cement
Electric power: 2,345,000 kw. capacity (1969); 11.3 billion kw.-hr. produced
(1969); 819 kw.-hr. per capita
Exports: $1,428 million (f.o.b., 1970); textiles 22%, metals and manufactures
25%, canned foods 5%, lumber and plywood 4%, bananas 5%, sugar 4%
Imports: $1,524 million (c.i.f., 1970)
Major trade partners: exports -- 37 U.S., 15% Japan; imports -- 38% Japan,
30% U.S.
Aid:
economic -- U.S. (FY53-69) $1.3 billion committed; IBRD (1964-68) $104
million committed;
military -- U.S. (FY49-70) $3.4 billion committed
Monetary conversion rate: NT$40 (New Taiwan)=US$l
Fiscal year: 1 July - 30 June
COMMUNICATIONS:
Railroads: 2,823 mi., all narrow gage; 130 mi. double track; 623 mi. government
owned, 2,200 mi. industrial
Highways: 10,300 mi. plus 300 mi. on Penghu and offshore islands; 3,300 mi. paved,
5,000 mi. gravel and crushed stone, 2,000 mi. earth
Ports: 7 major, 9 minor
Merchant marine: 154 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 1,284,000 GRT, 1,906,400
DWT; includes 2 passenger, 110 cargo, 12 tanker, 17 bulk, 7 specialized
carrier
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NIS 85 COLOMBIA
LAND:
440,000 sq. mi.; 6% cultivated, 18% meadows and pastures
53% forested, 5% inland water, 18% built-up area
Land boundaries: 3,750 mi.
WATER:
Limits of territorial waters: 12 n. mi.
Coastline: 1,500 mi.
PEOPLE:
Population: 22,913,000, average annual growth rate 3.2%
(current); males 15-49, 5,380,000; 3,255,000 fit for
military service; average number reaching military
age (18) annually about 244,000
Ethnic divisions: 70% mestizo, 20% white, 5% Negro, 5% Indian
Religion: 95% Roman Catholic
Language: Spanish
Literacy: 47% of population over 15 years old
Labor force: 5.6 million (1966); 42% agriculture, 15% manufacturing, 20% services,
23% other (1962)
Organized labor: 13% of labor force
GOVERNMENT:
Legal name: Republic of Colombia
Type: republic; executive branch dominates government structure
Capital: Bogota
Political subdivisions: 22 departamentos, 4 intendencias, 4 comisarias, 1 federal
district
Legal system: based on Spanish law; religious courts regulate marriage and
divorce; constitution decreed in 1886, amendments codified in 1946; judicial
review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court; accepts compulsory ICJ
jurisdiction, with reservations
Branches: President, bicameral legislature, judiciary
Government leader: President Misael Pastrana
Suffrage: universal over age 21
Elections: every fourth year; last presidential and congressional elections
April 1970; municipal and departmental elections, 1972
Political parties and leaders: "Progressive Liberals," Carlos Lleras Restrepo,
Alfonso Lopez Michelsen; Liberal Party, Julio Cesar Turbay; Conservative Party,
Unionista Wing, Mariano Ospina Perez, Misael Pastrana; Conservative Party,
Alzatista Wing, Alvaro Gomez Hurtado; National Popular Alliance (ANAPO), General
Gustavo Rojas Pinilla, Maria Eugenia Rojas de Moreno; Liberals probably command
majority of votes over conservatives, but constitution under the National
Front Coalition calls for 50-50 representation of Liberals and Conservatives
in the National Congress until 1974; in local legislative bodies, parity
terminated with the 1970 election; Conservative Party united with progovernment
and Ospina wing in August 1969 to choose National Front presidential
candidate; opposition wing (Lauro-Alzatista) led by Gomez
Voting strength: 1970 presidential election -- Misael Pastrana 1.61 million
votes, General Gustavo Rojas Pinilla 1.54 million votes, Belisario Betancur
Cuartas .46 million votes, Evardisto Sourdis .3 million votes
Other political or pressure groups: Communist Party (PCC), Gilberto Vieira
White; MRL del Pueblo, Communist front for electoral purposes; PCC/ML, Chinese
Line Communist Party, led by Pedro Lupo Leon Arboleda Roldan
Member of: FAO, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IFC, IHB, ILO, IMF, ITU, LAFTA and
Andean Sub-Regional Group (created in May 1969 within LAFTA), OAS, U.N.,
UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO
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 ECONOMY: Approved For Release 2004/08/31 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000400010002-1
GNP: $10.4 billion (purchasing power parity estimate, 1970), $480 per capita;
72% private consumption, 7% public consumption, 21% gross investment (1969);
real growth rate 1970, 7.0%
Agriculture: main crops -- coffee, rice, corn, sugarcane, plantains, bananas,
cotton, potatoes, yucca; caloric intake, 2,220 calories per day per capita
(1965)
Fishing: catch 70,600 tons; exports $2.9 million (1969), imports $5 million (1969)
Major industries: textiles, food processing,-clothing and footwear, beverages,
chemicals, and metal products
Crude steel: 0.4 million metric tons capacity (1965); 0.26 million metric tons
production (1969), 10 kilograms per capita
Electric power: 22 million kw. capacity (1970); 8.8 billion kw.-hr. produced
(1970), 396 kw.-hr. per capita
Exports: $638 million (f.o.b., 1969); coffee, petroleum, bananas, tobacco,
cotton, sugar, textiles, cattle and hides
Imports: $724 million (c.i.f., 1969); industrial metals and raw materials,
transportation equipment, machinery, fuels, fertilizers, paper and paper
products, wheat
Major trade partners: U.S. 44%, West Germany 11%, other EC 9%, EFTA 9% Latin
America 6%, Communist countries 4% (1968)
Monetary conversion rate: 20.38 pesos=US$1 (September 1971, changes frequently)
Fiscal year: calendar year
COMMUNICATIONS:
Railroads: 2,160 mi., all 3'0" gage, single track, 22 mi. electrified
Highways: 28,600 mi.; 3,700 mi. paved, 19,900 mi. crushed stone or gravel,
3,100 mi. improved earth, 1,900 mi. unimproved earth
Inland waterways: 8,900 mi., navigable by river boats
Pipelines: crude oil, 2,000 mi.; refined products, 828 mi.; natural gas, 370 mi.;
natural gas liquids 83 mi.
Ports: 5 major, 5 minor
Merchant marine: 36 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 193,200 GRT, 246,600 DWT;
33 cargo, 3 tanker (includes 2 naval tankers sometimes used comercially)
Civil air: 91 major transport aircraft
Airfields: 727 total, 617 usable; 29 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with
runway over 12,000 ft.; 6 with runways 8,000-11,999 ft., 76 with runways
4,000-7,999 ft.; 11 seaplane stations
Telecommunications: rapidly improving nationwide telecom system, with UHF relay
system being installed; communications satellite ground station; over 575,000
telephones; est. 6 million radio and 730,000 TV receivers, 253 AM, 132 FM,
and 16 TV stations
DEFENSE FORCES:
Military budget: proposed for fiscal year ending 31 December 1971, $89.4 million;
about 10.2% of central government budget
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NIS 52E CONGO BRAZZAVILLE)
LAND:
135,000 sq. mi.; 63% dense forest or woodland, 33%
cultivable or grazing (2% cultivated est.), 4% urban
or waste (1970)
Land boundaries: 2,805 mi.
WATER:
Limits of territorial waters: claim 15 n. mi.
Coastline: 105 mi.
PEOPLE:
Population: 962,000, average annual growth rate 2.0%
(current); males 15-49, 236,000; 113,000 fit for
military service; about 10,000 reach military age (20) annually
Ethnic divisions: about 15 ethnic groups divided into some 75 tribes, almost all
Bantu; most important ethnic groups are Kongo (48%) in south, Teke (17%) in
center, M'Bochi (12%) and Sangha (20%) in north;-about 8,500 Europeans,
mostly French
Religion: about half animist, half nominally Christian, less than 1% Muslim
Language: French official, many African languages with Lingala and Kikongo
most widely used
Literacy: about 20%
Labor force: about 40% of population economically active, most engaged in
subsistence agriculture; 79,100 wage earners; 40,000-60,000 unemployed
Organized labor: 16% of total labor force (1965 est.)
GOVERNMENT:
Legal name: People's Republic of the Congo
Type: republic; military regime established September 1968
Capital: Brazzaville
Political subdivisions: 9 regions divided into districts
Legal system: based on French civil law system and customary law; constitution
adopted 1963 and 1969
Branches: President, Council of State; National Assembly dissolved August 1968;
judiciary presumably still functions according to provisions of 1963
constitution; all policy made by Congolese Workers Party Central Committee
and Politburo
Government leader: President, Maj. Marien Ngouabi
Suffrage: universal over age 18
Elections: last legislative elections December 1963; none scheduled
Political parties and leaders: Congolese Workers Party (PCT) is only legal party;
40 member Central Committee, 10 member Politburo, President, Maj. Manen
Ngouabi, First Secretary, Claude Ndalla Graille
Voting strength: no elections held since PCT formed
Communists: some Communists and sympathizers
Other political or pressure groups: Union of Congolese Socialist Youth (UJSC),
Congolese Trade Union Congress (CSC), Revolutionary Union of Congolese,
Union (URFC), General Union of Congolese Pupils and Students (UGEEC)
Member of: EAMA, EC (associate), FAO, IBRD, ICAO, ILO, IMF, ITU, OAU, OCAM,
UDEAC, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO
ECONOMY:
GDP: about $228 million (1967 est.), about $260 per capita, real growth rate
about 4% per year
Agriculture: cash crops -- sugarcane, wood, coffee, cocoa, palm kernels, peanuts,
tobacco; food crops -- root crops, rice, corn, bananas, manioc, fish
Fishing: catch 30,000 tons (1970 est.)
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ECONOMY ( ) cigarettes, sugar mill, soap
Major industries: sawmills, brewery,
Electric power: 42,000 kw. capacity (1970); 68 million kw. hr. produced (1970),
70 kw.-hr. per capita
Exports: $60 million (f.o.b., 1968); lumber, sugar, tobacco, veneer, and plywood;
diamonds smuggled from Zaire
transport equipment, manufactured
Imports: $86 million (c.i.f., 1968); machinery, petroleum products
consumer goods, iron and steel, foodstuffs, p
Major trade partners: France and other EC countries on preferential basis
Monetary conversion rate: 277 Communaute Financiere Africaine francs=US$l
(official)
Fiscal year: calendar year
COMMUNICATIONS:
Railroads: 490 mi., 316" gage, single track
Inland waterways: 4,030 mi . navigable
Ports: 1 major
Civil air: 8 major transport aircraft
Airfields: 69 total, 49 usable; 2 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runway
8,000-11,999 ft., 16 with runways 4,000-7,999 ft.; 1 seaplane station
Telecommunications: all services only fair; barely adequate for government
radio
public; principal network is comprised of 30 low-capacity, lgp
communication stations; few wire lines connect key centers of Brazzaville,
Pointe-Noire, and Dolisie with maximum of 21 channels; 9,800 telephones;
65,000 radio receivers; 1,800 TV receivers; 3 AM, no FM, and 1 TV stations
68
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LAND:
19,700 sq. mi.; 30% agricultural land (8% cultivated, 22%
meadows and pasture), 60% forested, 10% waste, urban,
and other (1964)
Land boundaries: 415 mi.
WATER:
Limits of territorial waters: 3 n. mi. (fishing 200 n. mi..)
Coastline: 800 mi.
x
Literacy. appro y
Labor force: 457,000 (1968); 46.3% agriculture; 13.2% manufacturing; 11% commerce;
8% construction, transportation, and communications; 21.5% other; shortage
of skilled labor
Organized labor: about 10% of labor force
PEOPLE:
Population: 1,820,000, average annual growth rate 3.1%
(FY69); males 15-49, 392,000; 265,000 fit for military
service; average number reaching military age (18)
annually about 22,000
Ethnic divisions: 98% white (including mestizo), 2% Negro
Religion: 95% Roman Catholic
Language: Spanish
imatel 80%
GOVERNMENT:
Legal name: Republic of Costa Rica
Type: unitary republic
Capital: San Jose
Political subdivisions: 7 provinces
Legal system: based on Spanish civil law system; constitution adopted 1949;
judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court; legal education
at University of Costa Rica; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Branches: President, unicameral legislature, Supreme Court elected by
legislature
Government leader: President Jose Figueres
Suffrage: universal and compulsory age 18 and over
Elections: every 4 years; next, February 1974
Political parties and leaders: National Liberation Party (PLN), Jose Figueres;
National Union Party (PUN), Otilio Ulate; Republican Party (PR), former leader
died in June 1970 (no new one as yet); Authentic Republican Union Party (PURA),
Mario Echandi; Christian Democratic Party (PDC), Jorge Monge Zamora; Third
Front (PFN), Virgilio Calvo; Socialist Action Party (PASO), Marcial Aguiluz;
Revolutionary Civic Union Party (PUCR), Frank Marshall; Popular Vanguard Party
(PVP, Communist, illegal), Manuel Mora
Voting strength (1970 election): National Unification (coalition of PUN, PR, and
PURA), 41.1%; PLN, 55%; PFN, 1.7%; PDC, 0.9%; PASO,w1.3%
Member of: CACM, IADB, IAEA, ICAO, OAS, U.N.
ECONOMY:
GNP: $896 million (purchasing power parity estimate, 1970), $510 per capita;
14% government consumption, 67% private consumption, 23% domestic investment,
6% inventory, -10% net foreign balance (1969); real growth rate 1970, 8.0%
Agriculture: main products -- bananas, coffee, sugarcane, rice, corn, cocoa,
livestock products; caloric intake, 2,500 calories per day per capita
Fishing: catch 4,100 tons (1970); exports, $1.4 million (1969), imports $0.4
million (1969)
Major industries: food processing, textiles and clothing, construction
materials, fertilizer
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 ECONOMY (coo-p pved For Release 2004/08/31 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000400010002-1
Electric power: 237,000 kw. capacity (1969); 757 million kw.-hr. produced
(1969 est.), 443 kw.-hr. per capita
Exports: $229 million (f.o.b., 1970); coffee, bananas, sugar, beef, fertilizers,
cacao
Imports: $317 million (c.i.f., 1970 est.); manufactured products, machinery,
transportation equipment, chemicals, fuels, foodstuffs
Major trade partners: exports -- 41% U.S., 20% CACM, 8% West Germany, 5%
Netherlands; imports -- 35% U.S., 22% CACM, 8% West Germany, 9% Japan (1970)
Aid:
economic -- extensions from U.S. (FY46-70), $116.7 million loans, $91.5
million grants; from international organizations (FY46-69), $94.7 million;
from other Western countries (1960-68), $1.8 million;
military -- assistance from U.S. (FY60-70) $1.8 million
Monetary conversion rate: 6.62 colones=US$l (official buying rate); 6.65
colones=US$l (official selling rate)
Fiscal year: calendar year
COMMUNICATIONS:
Railroads: 407 mi.; 395 mi. 3'6" gage, 12 mi. 3'0" gage, all single track, 72 mi.
electrified
Highways: 11,700 mi.; 850 mi. paved, 3,200 mi. gravel, 7,650 mi. earth
Inland waterways: about 455 mi. perennially navigable
Pipelines: refined products, 75 mi.
Ports: 3 major, 4 minor
Civil air: 10 major transport aircraft
Airfields: 197 total, 120 usable; 10 with permanent-surface runways; 9 with
runways 4,000-7,999 ft.; 2 seaplane stations
Telecommunications: domestic telephone service greatly improved with new
automatic exchanges; nearly 56,300 telephones; VHF radio system being
installed; 330,000 radio and 100,000 television receivers in use, 45 AM,
9 FM, and 12 TV stations
DEFENSE FORCES:
Supply: dependent on imports from U.S.
Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1971, $3.3 million for
Ministry of Public Security, including the Civil Guard; about 2.3% of total
central government budget
70
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NIS 78 CUBA
LAND:
44,200 sq. mi.; 35% cultivated, 30% meadow and pasture,
20% waste, urban, or other, 15% forested (1968)
WATER:
Limits of territorial waters: 3 n. mi.
Coastline: 2,320 mi.
PEOPLE:
Population: 8,702,000, average annual growth rate 1.3%
(current); males 15-49, 2,076,000; 1,155,000 fit for
military service; about 77,000 males and 74,000
females reach military age (17) annually
Ethnic divisions: 51% mulatto, 37% white, 11% Negro, 1% Chinese
Religion: at least 85% nominally Roman Catholic before Castro assumed power
Language: Spanish
Literacy: about 96%
Labor force: 2.6 million; 34% agriculture, 17% industry, 6% construction, 6%
transportation, 29% services, 8% unemployed and underemployed
Organized labor: 70% of total force
GOVERNMENT:
Legal name: Republic of Cuba
Type: Communist state
Capital: Havana
Political subdivisions: 6 provinces
Legal system: based on Spanish and American law, with large elements of
Communist legal theory; Fundamental Law of 1959 replaced constitution
of 1940; legal education at Universities of Havana, Oriente, and Las Villas;
does not accept compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Branches: executive; no legislature; controlled judiciary
Government leader: Premier Fidel Castro Ruz
Political parties and leaders: Cuban Communist Party (PCC), First Secretary
Fidel Castro Ruz, Second Secretary Raul Castro Ruz
Communists: approx. 120,000 party members
Member of: CEMA (observer status), ECLA, FAO, GATT, IADB (nonparticipant), IAEA,
ICAO, IHB, ILO, IMCO, International Rice Commission, International Sugar
Council, International Wheat Agreement, ITU, OAS (nonparticipant), Permanent
Court of Arbitration, Postal Union of the Americas and Spain, Seabeds
Committee (observer), U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO
ECONOMY:
GDP: $4.9 billion (est. 1970 at 1970 prices), $570 per capita; 60% private
consumption, 20% public consumption, 20% gross investment; real growth
rate 1970, 6%
Agriculture: main crops -- sugar, tobacco, coffee, rice, potatoes, tubers,
citrus fruits
Fishing: catch 106,000 tons (1970); exports about $19 million (1970), imports
$13 million (1970)
Major industries: sugar milling, petroleum refining, food and tobacco processing,
textiles, chemicals, paper and wood products, metals
Shortages: spare parts for transportation and industrial machinery, consumer goods
Crude steel: 0.35 million metric tons capacity (planned 1969); 165,000 metric
tons produced (1970); 19 kg. per capita
Electric power: 1.3 million kw. capacity (1970); 5.1 billion kw.-hr. produced
(1970), 600
Exports: $970 million (f.o.b., 1970 est.); sugar, nickel, tobacco
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ECONOMY (cont d):
Imports: $1,325 million (c.i.f., 1970 est.); petroleum, industrial raw
materials, capital goods, food
Major trade partners: exports -- U.S.S.R. 49%, China 7%, other Communist
countries 15%, Japan 10%, Spain 3%; imports -- U.S.S.R. 54%,
China 6%, other Communist countries 10%, France 5%, Italy 5% (1970 est.)
Monetary conversion rate: 1 peso=US$l (nominal)
Fiscal year: calendar year
COMMUNICATIONS:
Railroads: 9,150 mi. government owned; 3,150 mi. common carrier lines (8 mi.
double track and 95 mi. electrified) and about 6,000 mi. plantation-
industrial lines; common carrier lines comprise 3,100 mi. 4'8 1/2" standard
gage, and about 50 mi. 3'0" and 2'6" narrow gage; plantation-industrial
lines comprise about 4,000 mi. standard gage and 2,000 mi. narrow gage
Highways: 11,600 mi.; 4,000 mi. (est.) paved, 2,500 mi. (est.) gravel or
otherwise improved hard surfaces, 5,100 mi. (est.) improved or unimproved
earth surface
Inland waterways: 50 mi.
Pipelines: natural gas, 47 mi.
Ports: 8 major, 44 minor; Guantanamo under U.S. control
Merchant marine: 51 ships (1,000 GRT and over) totaling 315,500 GRT, 428,300
DWT; includes 43 cargo, 6 tanker, 2 specialized carrier
Airfields: 372 total, 211 usable; 36 with permanent-surface runways; 10 with
runways 8,000-11,999 ft., 32 with runways 4,000-7,999 ft.; 11 seaplane
stations
Telecommunications: modern facilities adequately serve military and most civil
needs; excellent international facilities, planned satellite ground station;
est. 270,000 telephones in use; 1.5 million radio and 260,000 TV receivers,
90 AM, 30 FM, and 19 TV stations with nationwide coverage; 6 submarine cables,
including 1 coaxial
DEFENSE FORCES:
Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1966, $213 million; about
7.8% of total budget
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CYPRUS
LAND:
3,570 sq. mi.; 47% arable and land under permanent crops,
18% forested, 10% meadows and pasture, 25% waste,
urban areas, and other (1968)
WATER:
Limits of territorial waters: 12 n. mi.
Coastline: 400 mi. (approx.)
Ethnic divisions: 78% Greek; 18% Turkish; 4% British, Armenian, and other
Religion: 78% Greek Orthodox, 18% Muslim, 4% Armenian Orthodox and other
Language: Greek, Turkish, English
Literacy: about 82% of population 7 years or older
Labor force: 254,000 (1967 est.), 38% agriculture, 23% industry, 9% commerce,
2% mining, 28% other; 3,130 registered unemployed (December 1968)
Organized labor: 24% of labor force
PEOPLE:
Population: 653,000, average annual growth rate 1.7%
(January 70-71); males 15-49, 156,000; 109,000 fit for
military service, about 7,000 reach military age (18)
annually
GOVERNMENT:
Legal name: Republic of Cyprus
Type: republic since March 1961; separate de facto Greek/Cypriot, and Turkish/
Cypriot governments have evolved since outbreak of communal strife in 1963
Capital: Nicosia
Political subdivisions: 6 administrative districts
Legal system: based on common law, with civil law modifications; constitution
came into force upon independence in 1960, but has often been in abeyance
since then; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Branches: currently a rump government consisting basically of Greek Cyriot parts
of bodies provided for by constitution; headed by President of the Republic
and comprised of Council of Ministers, House of Representatives, and
Supreme Court
Government leaders: President, Archbishop Makarios III (Greek); Vice President,
Dr. Fazil Kucuk (Turk)
Elections: held every 5 years; 1965 elections suspended; 1968 elections only for
President and Vice President; 1970 parliamentary elections demonstrate
notable increase in strength of Communist Party (AKEL)
Political parties and leaders: Reform Party of the Working People (AKEL)
(Communist Party), Ezekias Papaioannou; Unified Party (UP), Glafkos Clerides;
Progressive Movement (PM) (pro-Makarios), Andreas Azinas; Democratic
National Party (DEK), Takis Evdokas; United Democratic Union of the Center
(EDEK), Vassos Lyssarides; Turkish National Union Party (TNUP), Rauf Denktash
Voting strength: (1968 Presidential and Vice Presidential elections) Greek
Cypriot President Makarios 90%; Turkish Cypriot Vice President Fazil Kucuk
unopposed; (1970 parliamentary elections) 39% of Greek Cypriot vote for
Reform Party of the Working People, 21% of the Greek Cypriot vote for the
Progressive Movement, 9% of the Greek Cypriot vote for the Democratic National
Party as well as 9% for the United Democratic Union of the Center, 4% of the
Greek Cypriot vote for independents, 76% of the Greek Cypriot electorate
voted; 80% of the Turkish Cypriot community voted and overwhelmingly elected
15 of Rauf Denktash's supporters to the Turk Cypriot House contingent in a
separate election
Communists: 12,000; sympathizers 60,000
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Other political or pressure groups: United Democratic Youth Organization (EDON)
(Communist-controlled); Pan Cyprian Confederation of Labor (PEO)
(Communist-controlled); Cyprus Confederation of Labor (SEK) (pro-U.S.);
Cyprus Turkish Federation of Trade Unions (KTBIF)
Member of: Commonwealth, Council of Europe, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC,
ILO, IMF, ITU, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO
ECONOMY:
GNP: $504 million (1969), $800 per capita; 1969 growth 11%, 1958 constant prices
Agriculture: main crops -- vine products, citrus, potatoes, other vegetables;
food shortages -- grain, dairy products, meat, fish;'caloric intake, 2,590
calories per day per capita (1961)
Major industries: mining (cupreous and iron pyrites, asbestos), manufactures
principally for local consumption -- food, beverages, footwear
Shortages: water, petroleum
Electric power: 190,000 kw. capacity (1970); 553 million kw.-hr. produced (1970),
850 kw.-hr. per capita
Exports: $108.5 million (f.o.b., 1970); principal items -- copper, pyrites, citrus,
raisins, and other agricultural products
Imports: $239 million (c.i.f., 1970); principal items -- manufactured goods,
machinery and transport equipment, petroleum products, foods
Major trade partners: (1969) U.K. 34%, West Germany 10%, Italy 9%, EC 29.4%,
Communist countries 8.3%
Aid: economic -- U.S., $22.2 million authorized (1961-70), none authorized in
1970; IBRD, $34.2 million (1963-70); U.N. Technical Assistance, $1.5 million
(1946-68); U.N. Special Fund, $8 million (1953-70); Poland, $1.3 million
authorized (1962)
Monetary conversion rate: 1 Cyprus pound=US$2.40
Fiscal year: calendar year
COMMUNICATIONS:
Railroads: none
Highways: 5,050 mi.; 2,010 mi. bituminous surface treated; 3,040 mi. gravel,
crushed stone, and earth
Ports: 3 major, 6 minor
Merchant marine: 289 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 1,636,700 GRT, 2,337,000
DWT; includes 9 passenger, 241 cargo, 13 tanker, 26 bulk; all but a few are
owned and operated by Greek nationals
Civil air: 8 major transport aircraft
Airfields: 19 total, 11 usable; 4 with permanent-surface runways; 2 with runways
8,000-11,999 ft.; 3 with runways 4,000-7,999 ft.
Telecommunications: modest but expanding telecommunication system; 42,500
telephones; 150,000 radio receivers; 45,800 TV receivers; 2 TV, 11 AM, and
4 FM stations; tropospheric scatter to Europe
DEFENSE FORCES:
Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1971, $7.5 million about
9.7% of central government budget
74
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LAND:
49,400 sq. mi.; 42% arable, 14% other agricultural, 35%
forested, 9% other (1968)
Land boundaries: 2,205 mi.
Labor force: 7.1 million; 18% agriculture, 37% industry, 11% services, 34%
construction, communications and others
PEOPLE:
Population: 14,426,000, average annual growth rate 0.4%
(current); males 15-49, 3,668,000; 2,822,000 fit for
military service; about 128,000 reach military age
(18) annually
Ethnic divisions: 64.5% Czechs, 29.6% Slovaks, 3.9% Magyars,
1% Germans, 1% Ukrainians, Jews, Poles
Religion: 77% Roman Catholic, 20% Protestant, 2% Orthodox,
1% other
Language: Czech, Slovak, Hungarian
Literacy: almost complete
GOVERNMENT:
Legal name: Czechoslovak Socialist Republic
Type: Communist state
Capital: Prague
Political subdivisions: 2 separate autonomous republics (Czech Socialist
Republic and Slovak Socialist Republic); 7 regions (kraj) in Czech lands,
three regions in Slovakia; national capitals of Prague and Bratislava have
regional status
Legal system: civil law system based on German codes, modified by Communist
legal theory; revised constitution adopted 1960 under revision; no judicial
review of legislative acts; legal education at Universita Komenskeho School
of Law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Branches:?executive --- President, cabinet (appointed by President); legislative
-- Federal Assembly (elected directly), Czech and Slovak National Councils
(also elected directly) legislate on limited area of Czech and Slovak affairs;
judiciary -- Supreme Court (elected by Federal Assembly); entire governmental
structure dominated by Communist Party
Government leader: President Ludvik Svoboda
Suffrage: universal over age 18
Elections: governmental bodies every 5 years; President every 5 years (provisions
suspended after Soviet invasion, August 1968); elections scheduled for
November 1971
Dominant political party and leader: Communist Party of Czechoslovakia (KSC),
Gustav Husak, General Secretary; Communist Party of Slovakia has status of
"provincial KSC organization"
Voting strength (1964 election): 99.4% Communist-sponsored single slate
Communists: 1.2 million party members
Other political groups: puppet parties -- Czechoslovak Socialist Party,
Czechoslovak People's Party, Slovak Freedom Party, Slovak Revival Party
Member of: CEMA, GATT, IAEA, ICAO, Seabeds Committee, U.N., Warsaw Pact
ECONOMY:
GNP: $30.9 billion in 1970 (at 1969 prices), $2,130 per capita; 1970 real growth
rate 4.1%
Agriculture: diversified agriculture; main crops -- wheat, rye, potatoes, sugar
beets; net food importer -- meat, wheat, vegetable oils, fresh fruits and
vegetables; caloric intake, 3,100 calories per day per capita (1967)
Major industries: machinery, food processing, metallurgy, textiles, chemicals
Shortages: ores, crude oil, grain
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 ECONOMY (cont'd): Approved For Release 2004/08/31 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000400010002-1
Crude steel: 11.5 million metric tons produced (1970), 750 kg. per capita
Electric power: 10,612,000 kw. capacity (1970); 44.8 billion kw.-hr. produced
(1970), 3,020 kw.-hr. per capita
Exports: $3,792 million (f.o.b., 1970); 50% machinery, equipment; 28% fuels,
raw materials; 5% foods, food products, and live animals; 17% consumer goods,
excluding foods (1969)
Imports: $3,695 million (f.o.b., 1970); 32% machinery, equipment; 44% fuels, raw
materials; 15% foods, food products, and live animals; 9% consumer goods,
excluding foods (1969)
Major trade partners: $7,487 million (1970); 70% Communist countries, 30% other
Monetary conversion rate: commercial 7.20 crowns=US$1, noncommercial 14.36
crowns=US$1, tourist rate 16.20 crowns=US$l
Fiscal year: calendar year
COMMUNICATIONS:
Railroads: 8,269 mi.; 8,089 mi. standard gage, 70 mi. broad gage, 110 mi. narrow
gage; 1,743 mi. double track; 1,483 mi. electrified; government owned (1969)
Highways: 45,500 mi.; 600 mi. concrete; 20,700 mi. bituminous; 2,400 mi.
cobblestone, brick sett, stone block; 21,800 mi. crushed stone, gravel,
improved earth (1971)
Inland waterways: 517 mi . (1971)
Pipelines: crude oil, 900 mi.; refined products, 535 mi.; natural gas, 1,450 mi.
Freight carried: rail -- 256.3 million short tons, 40.3 billion short ton/mi.
(1970); highway -- 715 million short tons, 6.2 billion short ton/mi. (1970);
waterway -- 4.9 million short tons, 1.7 billion short ton/mi. (1970)
Ports: no maritime ports; outlets are Gdynia, Gdansk, Stettin in Poland; Rijeka,
Yugoslavia; Hamburg, West Germany; Rostock, East Germany; principal river
ports are Prague, Melnik, Usti nad Labem, Decin, Komarno, Bratislava (1970)
Merchant marine: 12 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 97,700 GRT, 138,800 DWT;
includes 8 cargo, 4 bulk
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 NIS 5pproved For Release 2004/08/31 jAg iDP79-01051A000400010002-1
LAND:
44,700 sq. mi.; southern third of country is most fertile;
arable land 80% (actually cultivated 11%), forests and
game preserves 19%, non-arable 1% (1968)
Land boundaries: 1,220 mi.
WATER:
Limits of territorial waters: 12 n. mi.
Coastline: 75 mi.
tary service; about 29,000 males and 27,000 females reach military age (18)
annually; both sexes liable for military service
Ethnic divisions: 99% Africans (42 ethnic groups, most important being Fon, Adja,
Yoruba, Bariba), 5,500 Europeans
Religion: 12% Muslim, 8% Christian, 80% animist
Language: French official; Fon and Yoruba most common vernaculars in south,
at least 6 major tribal languages in north
Literacy: about 20%
Labor force: 85% of labor force engaged in agriculture; 15% civil service,
artisans, and industry
Organized labor: approximately 75% of wage earners, divided among two major
and several minor unions
PEOPLE:
Population: 2,834,000, average annual growth rate 2.8%
(FY65-68); males 15-49, 662,000; 320,000 fit for mili-
GOVERNMENT:
Legal name: Republic of Dahomey
Type: republic
Capital: Porto-Novo (official), Cotonou (de facto)
Political subdivisions: 6 departments, 30 arrondissements
Legal system: based on French civil law and customary law; presidential charter
adopted 1970; judicial review by 4-chambered Supreme Court; legal education
generally obtained in France; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Branches: executive -- 3-man Presidential Council, but actual executive authority
vested in rotating presiding officer who also serves as Premier; no
legislature; independent judiciary
Government leaders: Hubert Maga, Premier and presiding officer of Presidential
Council that functions as chief of state; Justin Ahomadegbe, member of
Presidential Council; Sourou-Migan Apithy member of Presidential Council
Suffrage: universal for adults whenever elections or referendums are held
Elections: current government has held no elections and none are scheduled
Political parties: none
Communists: some; probably some sympathizers
Member of: EAMA, Entente, FAO, ICAO, ILO, ITU, OAU, OCAM, U.N., UNESCO, UPU,
WHO, WMO
ECONOMY:
GDP: $219 million (1970 est.) $80 per capita; real growth rate, less than 5%
per annum
Agriculture: major cash crop is oil palms; peanuts, cotton, coffee, sheanuts,
tobacco also produced commercially; main food crops -- corn, cassava, yams,
sorghum and millet; livestock, fish
Fishing: catch 35,000 tons (1970); exports none, imports 4,000 tons
Major industries: palm oil and palm kernel oil processing
Electric power: 7,500 kw. capacity (1970); 34 million kw.-hr. produced (1970),
12 kw.-hr. per capita
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Exports: about $46 million (f.o.b., 1970); palm products (41%); other
agricultural products
Imports: about $68 million (f.o.b., 1970); clothing and other consumer goods,
cement, lumber, fuels, foodstuffs, machinery, and transport equipment
Major trade partners: France, EC, franc zone; preferential tariffs to EC and
franc zone countries
Aid:
economic (1970) -- France, $8 million; EC, $4.2 million; U.N., $2 million;
West Germany, $1 million; Taiwan, $1 million; U.S., (FY1960-70) $12.5 million
Monetary conversion rate: 1 Communaute Financiere Africaine franc=0.02 French
francs; prior to 13 August 1971, 277 CFA francs=USSI
Fiscal year: calendar year
COMMUNICATIONS:
Railroads: 360 mi., all meter gage (3'3 3/8")
Highways: 4,300 mi.; 470 mi. paved, 1,670 mi. otherwise improved earth, 2,160
mi . unimproved
Inland waterways: 400 mi. navigable
Ports: 1 major, 1 minor
Civil air: no major transport aircraft
Airfields: 11 total, 10 usable; 1 with permanent-surface runway; 3 with runways
4,000-7,999 ft.
Telecommunications: telephone service concentrated in south; telegraph limited,
but more extensive than telephone; 4,800 telephones; 54,000 radio receivers;
2 AM, no FM, and no TV stations; 3 submarine cables
DEFENSE FORCES:
Supply: dependent on France
Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1970, $4,420,000; about
12.4% of total budget
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LAND:
16,600 sq. mi. (exclusive of Greenland and Faeroe Islands);
64% arable, 8% meadows and pastures, 11% forested, 17%
other (1966)
Land boundaries: 42 mi.
Limits o
WATER:
Limits of territorial waters: 3 n. mi. (fishing, 12 n. mi.)
Coastline: 2,100 mi.
military service; 38,000 reach military age (20) annually
Ethnic divisions: homogeneous white population
Religion: 96% Evangelical Lutheran, 3% other Protestant and Roman Catholic, 1%
other
Language: Danish; small German-speaking minority
Literacy: 99%
Labor force: 2.4 million; 14.5% agriculture, forestry, fishing, 29.4% mining and
manufacturing, 8.1% construction, 15.0% commerce, 6.6% transportation and
communications, 23.6% services, 0.2% other; 2.6% unemployed
Organized labor: 65% of labor force
PEOPLE:
Population: 4,971,000, average annual growth rate 0.7%
(FY66-70)? males 15-49, 1,187,000; 1,040,000 fit for
GOVERNMENT:
Legal name: Kingdom of Denmark
Type: constitutional monarchy
Capital: Copenhagen
Political subdivisions: 14 counties, 277 communes, 88 towns
Legal system: civil law system; constitution adopted 1953; judicial review of
legislative acts; legal education at Universities of Copenhagen and Arhus;
accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations
Branches: legislative authority rests jointly with Crown and parliament
(Folketing); executive power vested in Crown but exercised by cabinet
responsible to parliament; Supreme Court, 2 superior courts, 106 lower courts
Government leader: King Frederick IX; Prime Minister Jens Otto Krag
Suffrage: universal, but not compulsory, over age 21
Elections: held every 4 years (next in 1975)
Political parties and leaders: Social Democratic, Jens Otto Krag; Moderate
Liberal, Poul Hartling; Conservative, Knud Thestrup; Radical Liberal, Soren
Bjerregaard; Socialist Peoples, Sigurd Omann; Communist, Knud Jespersen;
Left Socialist, Erik Sigsgaard
Voting strength (1971 election): 37.4% Social Democratic, 15.7% Moderate Liberal,
16.7% Conservative, 14.3% Radical Liberal,, 9.1% Socialist Peoples, 1.4%
Communist, 5.3% other
Communists: 5,000; a number of sympathizers, as indicated by 39,344 Communist
votes cast in 1971 elections
Member of: Council of Europe, EFTA, FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, IHB,
ILO, IMCO, IMF, ITU, NATO, Nordic Council, OECD, Seabeds Committee (observer),
U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO
ECONOMY:
GNP: $16.9 billion (1969), $3,420 per capita; 57.0% consumption, 28.2% invest-
ment, 17.3% government, -2.5% net foreign balance; 1970 growth 10.9%, 1968
current prices
Agriculture: highly intensive, specializes in dairying and animal husbandry;
main crops -- cereals, root crops; food shortages -- oil, seeds; caloric
intake, 3,180 calories per day per capita (1968-69)
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Fishing: catch 1,259,314 metric tons (1969), $100 million; exports $14.3 million,
imports $22 million
Major industries: food and food processing, textiles, clothing, footwear, en-
gineering and electrical equipment, transportation equipment, chemicals
Shortages: fuels, basic metals, fertilizers, grains
Crude steel: 549,800 metric tons produced (1970), 110 kg. per capita
Electric power: 4,370,000 kw. capacity (1970); 18,620 million kw.-hr. produced
(1970), 2,500 kw.-hr. per capita
Exports: $3,300 million (f.o.b., 1970); principal items -- meat, dairy products,
fish, machinery and transport equipment, chemicals
Imports: $4,510 million (c.i.f., 1970); principal items -- machinery and trans-
port equipment, petroleum and coal, textile fibers and yarns, iron and steel
products, chemicals, food, and live animals
Major trade partners: U.K. 16%, West Germany 16.9%, Sweden 15.8%, U.S. 8.2%,
Norway 5.5%; EC 28.3%; EFTA 45.05%; Communist countries 3.6%
Aid:
economic -- (received) U.S., $301.8 million authorized 1946-70, none since
1958; IBRD -- $85.0 million through June 1970, none since 1964; net official
economic aid given to less developed areas and multilateral agencies,
$241.4 million (1960-70), $54.3 million (1969), $59.1 million (1970)
Monetary conversion rate: 7.5 Kroner=US$1
Fiscal year: 1 April - 31 March
COMMUNICATIONS:
Railroads: 2,399 mi. Danish State Railways (DSB) 1,472 mi. standard gage (4'8 1/2"),
52 mi. electrified and 438 mi. double tracked; and 25 route miles of meter
gage (3'3 3/8"), remaining 902 mi. of standard gage lines are privately owned
and operated
Highways: 38,275 mi.; 31,205 mi. concrete, bitumen, or stone block; 5,640 mi.
gravel and crushed stone; 1,430 mi. improved earth
Inland waterways: 259 mi.
Pipelines: refined products, 202 mi.
Ports: 16 major, 42 minor
Merchant marine: 240 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 3,074,500 GRT, 4,885,100
DWT; includes 11 passenger, 189 cargo, 42 tanker, 18 bulk, 30 specialized
carrier
Civil air: 58 major transport aircraft (including 2 based in Greenland)
Airfields: 120 total, 107 usable; 16 with permanent-surface runways; 8 with run-
ways 8,000-11,999 ft., 4 with runways 4,000-7,999 ft.; 1 seaplane station
Telecommunications: excellent telephone, telegraph, and broadcast services; major
relay point for international telecom traffic; 1,600,000 telephones; 1,517,133
radiobroadcast receivers; 1,340,563 TV receivers; 7 AM, 10 FM, and 20 TV
stations; 20 submarine cables
DEFENSE FORCES:
Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 March 1972, $398 million; about 7.2%
of central government budget
80
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NIS 81A DOMINICA
LAND:
305 sq. mi.; 24% arable, 2% pasture, 67% forests, 7%
other (1966)
WATER:
Limits of territorial waters: 3 n. mi.
Coastline: 92 mi.
Labor force: est. at 23,000 in 1960; about 50% in agriculture
Organized labor: 25% of the labor force
PEOPLE:
Population: 72,000, average annual growth rate 1.6%
(April 60-70)
Ethnic divisions: mostly of African Negro descent
Religion: Roman Catholic, Church of England, Methodist
Language: English; French patois
Literacy: about 80%
GOVERNMENT:
Legal name: State of Dominica
Type: dependent territory with full internal autonomy as a British "Associated
State"
Capital : Roseau
Political subdivisions: 10 parishes
Legal system: based on English common law; three local magistrate courts and
the British Caribbean Court of Appeals
Government leaders: Premier Edward 0. LeBlanc; U.K. Governor Louis Cools-Lartigue
Suffrage: universal adult suffrage (age 18 effective June 1971)
Elections: every 5 years; most recent October 1970 (by-election held December
1970)
Political parties and leaders: Dominica Labor Party (DLP), Edward 0. LeBlanc;
Dominica Freedom Party (DFP), Miss M. Eugenia Charles
Voting strength: Legislative Council seats -- DFP 2 seats, DLP 8 seats, indepen-
dent 1 seat
Communists: negligible
Member of: CARIFTA
ECONOMY:
GDP: $15.8 million (1968 est.), $230 per capita; economy is virtually stagnant
in real terms
Agricultural products: bananas, citrus, coconuts, cocoa
Major industries: agricultural processing, tourism
Electric power: 3,000 kw. capacity (1969 est.); 9 million kw.-hr. produced
(1969 est.), 120 kw.-hr. per capita
Exports: $6.2 million (f.o.b., 1970); bananas, lime juice and oil, cocoa and
reexports
Imports: $15.9 million (c.i.f., 1970); foodstuffs, manufactured articles
Major trade partners: U.K. 53%, Commonwealth Caribbean countries 15%, Canada
10%, U.S. 7% (1963)
Monetary conversion rate: 1.93 East Caribbean dollars=US$1 (6 October 1971)
COMMUNICATIONS:
Railroads: none
Highways: 460 mi.; 175 mi. paved, 190 mi. gravel, crushed stone, or stabilized
earth surface, 95 mi. unimproved
Ports: 5 minor
Civil air: no major transport aircraft
Airfields: 1 with asphalt runway 4,830 ft.
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Telecommunications: over 1,000-line fully automatic telephone system; VHF
interisland links to St. Lucia and Antigua; no data on radio or TV receivers;
1 AM station
82
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 ~
Approved For Release 2004/08/3 I ? C LI F
NIS 80 DOMI ~79C-01051A000400010002-1
LAND:
18,800 sq. mi.; 14% cultivated, 4% fallow, 17% meadows
and pastures, 45% forested, 20% built-on or waste
(1967)
Land boundaries: 224 mi.
WATER:
Limits of territorial waters: 6 n. mi. (fishing, 12 n. mi.
Coastline: 800 mi.
PEOPLE:
Population: 4,259,000, average annual growth rate 3.0%
(August 60-January 70); males 15-49, 981,000; 620,000
fit for military service; 48,000 reach military age (18) annually
Ethnic divisions: 73% mulatto, 16% white, 11% Negro
Religion: 95% Roman Catholic
Language: Spanish
Literacy: 35% to 40% of adult population
Labor force: 1.3 million; 73% agriculture, 8% industry, 19% services and other
Organized labor: 12% of labor force
GOVERNMENT:
Legal name: Dominican Republic
Type: republic
Capital: Santo Domingo
Political subdivisions: 26 provinces and the National District
Legal system: based on French civil codes; 1966 constitution
Branches: President popularly elected for a 4-year term; bicameral legislature
consisting of Senate (27 seats) and Chamber of Deputies (74 seats) elected
for 4-year terms; members of Supreme Court elected by Senate
Government leader: President Joaquin Balaguer
Suffrage: universal and compulsory, over age 18 or married
Elections: national, May 1974
Political parties and leaders: Reformist Party (PR), Joaquin Balaguer; Dominican
Revolutionary Party (PRD), Juan Bosch Gavino; Democratic Quisqueyan
Party (PQD), Elias Wessin y Wessin; Revolutionary Social Christian Party
(PRSC), Alfonso Moreno Martinez; Movement for National Conciliation (MNC),
Jaime Manuel Fernandez Gonzalez; Anti-reelection Movement of Democratic
Integration (MIDA) Francisco Augusto Lora; Fourteenth of June Revolutionary
Movement (MR-1J4), split into several factions, illegal; Dominican Communist
Party (PCD), central committee, illegal; Dominican Popular Movement (MPD),
Rafael Taveras Rosario, illegal; Communist Party of the Dominican Republic
(PCRD), Luis Montas Gonzalez, illegal; Popular Socialist Party (PSP), illegal
Voting strength (1970 election): 57% PR, (abstained) PRD, 5% PRSC, 14% PQD, 3%
MCN, 21% MIDA
Member of: IADB, IAEA, ICAO, IHB, OAS, U.N.
ECONOMY :
GNP: $1.5 billion (purchasing power parity estimate, 1970), $350 per capita; real
growth rate 1970, 6.5%
Agriculture: main crops -- sugarcane, coffee, cocoa, tobacco, rice, corn; self-
sufficient in rice; caloric intake, 2,200 calories per day per capita (1966)
Major industries: sugar processing, bauxite mining, peanut processing, textiles,
cement
Electric power: 254,000 kw. capacity (1970 est.); 710 million kw.-hr. produced
(1970 est.), 175 kw.-hr. per capita
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ECONOMY (cont'd):
Exports: $213.5 million (f.o.b., 1970); sugar, coffee, cocoa, tobacco, bauxite
Imports: $306 million (c.i.f., 1970); foodstuffs, petroleum, industrial raw
materials, capital equipment
Major trade partners: exports -- U.S. 89%, Europe 8%; imports -- U.S. 56%,
Europe 25% (1968)
Aid:
economic -- extensions from U.S. (FY46-70), $198.8 million in grants,
$257.4 million in loans; from international organizations (FY46-69),
$82.2 million;
military -- assistance from U.S. (FY53-70), $26.9 million
Monetary conversion rate: 1 peso=US$l (31 August 1971)
Fiscal year: calendar year
COMMUNICATIONS:
Railroads: 1,000 route mi. of which 65 mi. government-owned common carrier
(3'6" gage) and 935 mi. privately owned plantation network (approximately 4
different gages ranging from 1'10 1/2" to 4'8 1/2", with 2'6" predominating)
Highways: 6,000 mi.; 3,000 mi. paved,.800 mi. gravel, 1,400 mi. improved earth,
800 mi. unimproved earth
Pipelines: product lines (1.5 mi. and 43 mi.) under construction, to be completed
in 1971
Ports: 5 major, 17 minor
Merchant marine: 2 cargo ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 3,100 GRT, 3,800 DWT
Civil air: 15 major transport aircraft
Airfields: 47 total, 25 usable; 7 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runway
8,000-11,999 ft., 8 with runways 4,000-7,999 ft.; 1 seaplane station
Telecommunications: relatively efficient domestic system based on islandwide
radio relay network; automatic telex exchange inaugurated in 1971 provides
international connections via New York; 40,200 telephones; 400,400 radio and
1,250,000 TV viewers, 92 AM, 24 FM, and 6 TV stations; 2 submarine cables, 1
of which is coaxial
DEFENSE FORCES:
Supply: dependent upon U.S. and Western Europe
Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1971, $32.3 million; about
12.3% of central government budget
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NIS 87 ECUADOR
LAND:
106,000 sq. mi. (including Galapagos Islands); 11%
cultivated, 8% meadows and pastures, 55% forested,
26% waste, urban, or other (1961)
Land boundaries: 1,200 mi.
WATER:
Limits of territorial waters: 200 n. mi.
Coastline: 750 mi. (includes Galapagos Is.)
PEOPLE:
Population: 6,412,000 (excluding nomadic Indian tribes),
average annual rate of growth 3.4% (FY69); males 15-49
1,494,000; 955,000 fit for military service; average
number reaching military age (20) annually 63,000
Ethnic divisions: 41% mestizo, 39% Indian, 10% white, 5% Negro, 5% Oriental and
other
Religion: 95% Roman Catholic (majority nonpracticing), trace of Evangelical
Language: Spanish, Quechua
Literacy: 57%
Labor force: 2 million, of which 55% agriculture, 16% manufacturing, 4%
construction, 7% trade, 9% services, 9% other; shortage of skilled labor
Organized labor: 12% of labor force
GOVERNMENT:
Legal name: Republic of Ecuador
Type: republic
Capital: Quito
Political subdivisions: 19 provinces and 1 territory (Galapagos Islands)
Legal system: based on civil law system; modified 1946 Constitution replaced
1967 Constitution in June 1970, legal education at 4 state and 2 private
universities; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Branches: President and bicameral legislature elected in June 1968, under 1967
constitution; legislature closed following assumption of dictatorial power
by Velasco on 23 June 1970; judiciary
Government leader: President Jose Maria Velasco
Suffrage: all literate over age 18; compulsory
Elections: next presidential and congressional, June 1972
Political parties and leaders: National Velasquista Front, Jose Maria Velasco;
Radical Liberal Party, Ignacio Hidalgo Villavicencio; Social Christian Party,
Camilo Ponce; Conservative Party, Galo Pico Mantilla; Concentration of
Popular Forces, Assad Bucaram; National Revolutionary Party, Carlos Julio
Arosemena
Voting strength: in June 1968 national elections, Velasquistas, a center-left
coalition, and a rightist coalition each got approximately one-third
Member of: ECOSOC, IADB, IAEA, ICAO, LAFTA and Andean Sub-Regional Group
(formed in May 1969 within LAFTA), OAS, Seabeds Committee (observer), U.N.
ECONOMY:
GNP: $2.8 billion (purchasing power parity estimate, 1970), $460 per capita;
72% private consumption, 14% public consumption, 14% gross investment (1970
est.); real growth rate 1970 est., 9%
Agriculture: main crops -- sugarcane, beans, coffee, cotton, corn, bananas,
cocoa, rice; nearly self-sufficient; caloric intake, 2,100 calories per day
per capita (1964)
Fishing: catch 91,500 tons (1970), $12.1 million (1970); exports $10.2 million
(1970), imports negligible
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 Approved For Release 2004/08/31 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000400010002-1
ECONOMY (cont'd):
Major industries: food processing, textiles, cement, leather and rubber products,
drugs, fishing, petroleum
Electric power: 226,275 kw. capacity (1970 est.); 1.1 billion kw.-hr. produced
(1970), 183 kw.-hr. per capita
Exports: $237 million (f.o.b., 1970); bananas, coffee, cocoa
Imports: $275 million (f.o.b., 1970 est.); agricultural and industrial machinery,
petroleum products, chemical products, transportation and communication
equipment
Major trade partners: U.S. 37%, EC 22%, Japan 14% (1970)
Aid:
economic -- extensions from U.S. (FY46-70), $192.0 million loans, $95.2
million grants; from international organizations (FY46-70), $152.4 million;
from Communist countries (1954-70), $10 million loans;
military -- assistance from U.S. (FY49-70), $53.6 million
Monetary conversion rate: 25.25 sucres=US$l (selling rate)
Fiscal year: calendar year
COMMUNICATIONS:
Railroads:
710 mi.; 615 mi. 3'6"
gage,
95 mi. 2'5 1/2" gage; all single track
Highways:
12,800 mi.; 1,800 mi.
paved,
4,000 mi. gravel, 3,800 mi. improved
earth,
3,200 mi. unimproved
earth
Inland waterways: 960 mi.
Pipelines: crude oil, 27 mi.; refined products, 50 mi.
Ports: 2 major, 11 minor
Merchant marine: 8 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 40,100 GRT, 48,600 DWT;
includes 6 cargo, 2 tanker
Civil air: 14 major transport aircraft
Airfields: 187 total, 161 usable; 14 with permanent-surface runways; 6 with
runways 8,000-11,999 ft., 16 with runways 4,000-7,999 ft.; 3 seaplane stations
Telecommunications: radio relay system, facilities adequate only in Quito and
Guayaquil; 95,000 telephones; 650,000 radio and 70,000 TV receivers, 200 AM,
15 FM, and 11 TV stations
DEFENSE FORCES:
Supply: dependent primarily on U.S.; some major purchases from Western Europe
Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1971, $22.9 million; about
11.3% of central government budget
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 NIS 53Approved For Release 2004/08/31 tCq RDP79-01051A000400010002-1
LAND:
386,000 sq. mi. (including 22,200 sq. mi. occupied by
Israel); 2.8% cultivated (of which about 70% multiple
cropped); 96.5% desert, waste, or urban; 0.7% inland
water
Land boundaries: 1,635 mi. (1967), excludes occupied area
1,534 mi.
WATER:
Limits of territorial waters: 12 n. mi.
Coastline: 2,140 mi. (1967), excludes occupied area 1,340 mi
PEOPLE:
Population: 34,614,000, average annual growth rate 2.5% (FY70); males 15-49,
7,913,000; 4,995,000 fit for military service; about 352,000 reach military
age (20) annually
Ethnic divisions: 90% Eastern Hamitic stock; 10% Greek, Italian, Syro-Lebanese
Religion: 94% Muslim, 6% Copt and other
Language: Arabic official, English and French widely understood by educated
classes
Literacy: around 40%
Labor force: 12.3 million; 60% agriculture, 10% industry, 10% trade, 20%
services and other; serious shortage of skilled labor
Organized labor: 8% of labor force
GOVERNMENT:
Legal name: Arab Republic of Egypt
Type: republic; under presidential rule since June 1956
Capital: Cairo
Political subdivisions: 25 governorates
Legal system: based on English common law, Islamic law, and Napoleonic codes;
interim constitution of 1964; judicial review of limited nature in Supreme
Court, also in Council of State which oversees validity of administrative
decisions; legal education at Cairo University; accepts compulsory ICJ
jurisdiction, with reservations
Branches: executive power vested in President, who appoints cabinet; National
Assembly has little actual power (serves mainly for discussion and automa-
tic approval); independent judiciary administered by Minister of Justice
Government leader: Anwar Sadat
Suffrage: universal over age 18
Elections: elections to People's Assembly every 5 years (most recent October
1971); presidential elections every 6 years
Political parties and leaders: political parties banned; all candidates for
election must be members of Arab Socialist Union, the only officially
sanctioned sociopolitical grouping
Member of: AAPSO, Arab League, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, IHB, ILO, IMCO,
IMF, ITU, OAU, Seabeds Committee (observer), U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO, WPC
ECONOMY:
Agriculture: main cash crop -- cotton; other crops -- rice, onions, beans, wheat,
corn, barley; not self-sufficient in food, but agriculture a net earner of
foreign exchange
Major industries: textiles, food processing, chemicals, petroleum, construction,
cement
Electric power: 4,350,000 kw. capacity (1971); 10,000 million kw.-hr. produced
(1971), 265 kw.-hr. per capita
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 ECONOMY (co Ppcrpy,d For Release 2004/08/31 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000400010002-1
Aid:
economic -- Communist countries, $1,681 million in credits through December
1970; U.S., $912.2 million in credits and grants through June 1967
(diplomatic relations and aid terminated June 1967); sizable credits from
international agencies, West Germany, Italy, Kuwait; large grant from Libya
since 1969; $250 million annual subsidy from Arab states while canal is closed;
military -- Communist countries, about $2,700 million through December 1970
Monetary conversion rate: 1 Egyptian pound=US$2.30 (selling rate); 0.435 Egyptian
pound=US$1 (selling rate)
Fiscal year: 1 July - 30 June
COMMUNICATIONS:
Railroads: 2,976 mi.; 570 mi. double track; 15 mi. electrified; 2,594 mi. 4'8 1/2"
gage, 156 mi. 3'3 3/8" gage, 226 mi. 2'5 1/2" gage
Highways: 29,000 mi.; 5,190 mi. paved, 7,130 mi. gravel, crushed stone, and
improved earth, 16,680 mi. unimproved earth, additional 1,500 mi. (mostly
paved) in territory (Sinai) occupied by Israel
Inland waterways: 2,100 mi.; Suez Canal, 100 mi. long, temporarily closed to
navigation because of sunken vessels; normally used by ocean-going vessels
drawing up to 38 ft. of water; Alexandria-Cairo waterway navigable by barges
of 500-ton capacity; Nile and large canals by barges of 420-ton capacity;
Ismailia Canal by barges of 200- to 300-ton capacity; secondary canals by
sailing craft of 10- to 70-ton capacity
Freight carried: Suez Canal (1966) -- 242 million tons of which 175.6 million
tons were POL
Pipelines: crude oil, 226 nii.; refined products, 294 mi.; natural gas, 31 mi.
Ports: 5 major, 12 minor
Merchant marine: 40 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 185,700 GRT, 238,300
DWT; includes 5 passenger, 27 cargo, 9 tanker
Civil air: 17 major transport aircraft
Airfields: 147 total, 78 usable; 62 with permanent-surface runways; 42 with
runways 8,000-11,999 ft., 23 with runways 4,000-7,999 ft.; 2 seaplane stations
Telecommunications: second best system of coaxial and multiconductor cables,
open-wire lines, and radio communication stations in Africa; principal centers
Alexandria and Cairo, secondary centers Al Mansinah, Ismailia, and Tanta;
365,000 telephones; 4.4 million radio and 560,000 TV receivers; 12 AM, 1 FM,
and 26 TV stations
DEFENSE FORCES:
Military budget: for fiscal year ending 30 June 1972, $1.5 billion; 25.1% of
total budget
88
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NIS 74 EL SALVADOR
LAND:
8,260 sq. mi.; 32% cropland (9% corn, 5% cotton, 7%
coffee, 11% other), 26% meadows and pastures, 31%
nonagricultural, 11% forested (1965)
Land boundaries: 320 mi.
WATER:
Limits of territorial waters: 200 n. mi.
Coastline: 190 mi.
Ethnic divisions: 84%-88% mestizo; Indian and white minorities, 6%-8% each
Religion: predominantly Roman Catholic, probably 97%-98%
Language: Spanish
Literacy: 50% of population 10 years of age and over (1966 est.)
Labor force: 1,048,000 (est. January 1970); 57% agriculture, 14% services,
14% manufacturing, 6% commerce, 9% other; shortage of skilled labor, but
manpower training programs improving large pool of unskilled labor
Organized labor: 4.5% of total labor force; 8% of nonagricultural labor force
PEOPLE:
Population: 3,741,000, average annual growth rate 3.4%
(FY67-70); males 15-49, 863,000; 530,000 fit for mili-
tary service; 36,000 reach military age (18) annually
GOVERNMENT:
Legal name: Republic of El Salvador
Type: republic
Capital: San Salvador
Political subdivisions: 14 departments
Legal system: based on Spanish law, with traces of common law; constitution
adopted 1962; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court;
legal education at University of El Salvador; accepts compulsory ICJ
jurisdiction, with reservations
Branches: traditionally dominant executive, unicameral legislature, Supreme
Court
Government leader: President Fidel Sanchez Hernandez
Suffrage: universal over age 18
Elections: legislative elections every 2 years; presidential elections every 5
years; presidential elections February 1972, legislative and municipal elections
March 1972
Political parties and leaders: National Conciliation Party (PCN), President
Fidel Sanchez Hernandez, Dr. Enrique Mayorga Rivas, Rafael Rodriguez
Gonzalez, Col. Arturo Armando Molina; Christian Democratic Party (PDC),
Dr. Pablo Mauricio Alberque, Roberto Lara Velado; Dr. Abraham Rodriguez,
Jose Napoleon Duarte; Revolutionary Party (PR -- formerly Renovating Action
Party), not legally recognized, Shafick Handal, Dr. Fabio Castillo Figueroa,
Julio Ernesto Contreras; Salvadoran Popular Party (PPS), Benjamin Wilfredo
Navarrete, Dr. Rafael Antonio Carbello, Dr. Jose Antonio Guzman; Communist
Party of El Salvador (PCES), illegal, Jorge Shafick Handal; National
Revolutionary Movement (MNR), Dr. Guillermo Manuel Ungo; National Democratic
Union Party (PUDN), Francisco Roberto Lima, Julio Ernesto Contreras, Julio
Castro Belloso
Voting strength: March 1967 presidential election -- PCN 54.4%, PDC 21.6%,
PAR 14.4%, PPS 9.6%; March 1970 legislative election -- PCN 60%, PDC 27%,
PPS 5%, MNR 2%, PUDN 6%
Other political or pressure groups: the "14" prominent families; General
Confederation of Trade Unions (CGS); Unifying Federation of Salvadoran
Trade Unions (FUSS), Communist dominated; Federation of Construction and
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GOVERNMENT (cont'd):
Other political or pressure groups (cont'd):
Transport Workers Unions (FESINCONSTRANS), independent; Catholic Church;
the military; Salvadoran National Association of Educators (ANDES)
Member of: Central American Common Market, IADB, IAEA, OAS, ODECA, Seabeds
Committee, U.N.
ECONOMY:
GNP: $1.49 billion (purchasing power parity estimate, 1970), $420 per capita;
80% private consumption, 9% government consumption, 11% domestic investment
(1970 est.); real growth rate 1970 est., 5.5%
Agriculture: main crops -- coffee, cotton, corn, sugar, rice, beans; caloric
intake, 2,000 calories per day per capita (1963-64)
Fishing: catch 16,100 tons; exports $4.2 million (1969), imports $0.2 million (1969)
Major industries: food processing, textiles, clothing, petroleum products
Electric power: 166,600 kw. capacity (1969 est.); 680 million kw.-hr. produced
(1970 est.), 190 kw.-hr. per capita
Exports: $229 million (f.o.b., 1970); coffee, cotton, sugar, chemicals,
other manufactures
Imports: $214 million (c.i.f., 1970); machinery, automotive vehicles, petroleum,
foodstuffs
Major trade partners: exports -- U.S. 19%, CACM 30%,. West Germany 27%, Japan
12%; imports -- U.S. 29%, CACM 29%, West Germany 8%, Japan 10% (1970)
Aid:
economic -- extensions from U.S. (FY46-70), $86.5 million loans, $55.1
million grants; from international organizations (FY46-70), $99.0 million;
from other Western countries (1960-68) $3.7 million;
military -- assistance from U.S. (FY46-70), $6.6 million
Monetary conversion rate: 2.5 colones=US$l (official)
Fiscal year: calendar year
COMMUNICATIONS:
Railroads: 375 mi., 3'0" gage; 285 mi. privately owned, 90 mi. government
owned
Highways: 5,400 mi.; 750 mi. bituminous, 950 mi. gravel or crushed stone, 3,700 mi.
earth
Inland waterways: Lempa River partially navigable
Ports: 3 major, 1 minor
Merchant marine: 1 ship (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 1,580 GRT, 1,800 DWT
Civil air: 10 major transport aircraft
Airfields: 141 total, 111 usable; 1 with permanent-surface runway 4,000-7,999 ft.;
1 seaplane station
Telecommunications: nationwide trunk radio relay system completed; extensive
local telephone exchange improvements completed; 35,500' telephones; 460,000
radio and 92,000 TV receivers, 58 AM, 6 FM, and 2 TV stations (3 additional
TV stations planned)
DEFENSE FORCES:
Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1971, $7.2 million; about
6% of central government budget (excludes public security forces)
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NIS 52F EQUATORIAL GUINEA
LAND:
10,800 sq. mi.; Rio Muni, about 10,000 sq. mi., largely
forested; Fernando Po, about 800 sq. mi.
Land boundaries: 335 mi.
WATER:
Limits of territorial waters: 6 n. mi. (fishing, 12 n. mi.
Coastline: 184 mi.
PEOPLE:
Population: 296,000, average annual growth rate 1.8% (FY69);
Ot1A1~bNt4L .
GUINEA
2.6% (FY69); males 15-49, 73,000; 35,000 fit for military service
Ethnic divisions: indigenous population of Fernando Po primarily Bubi, some
Fernandinos; of Rio Muni primarily Fang; some 10,000-20,000 Nigerians, mostly
on Fernando Po; less than 1,000 Europeans, primarily Spanish
Religion: natives all nominally Christian and predominantly Roman Catholic; some
pagan practices retained
Language: Spanish official language of government and business; also pidgin
English, Fang
Literacy: approximately 90% among younger generation
Labor force: most Equatorial Guineans involved in subsistence agriculture;
small wage labor force dominated by Nigerian contract laborers
Rio Muni, 214,000, average annual growth rate 1.5%
(FY69); Fernando Po, 85,000, average annual growth rate
GOVERNMENT:
Legal name: Republic of Equatorial Guinea
Type: republic, one-party presidential regime since 1968
Capital: Santa Isabel, Fernando Po
Political subdivisions: 2 provinces (Fernando Po and Rio Muni)
Branches: elected President has strong executive power; elected Assembly of
the Republic; elected Provincial Councils with broad responsibilities for
administrative and social affairs; Council of Republic (3 members elected.
by each Provincial Council) has powers of judicial review, mediates disputes
between executive and legislative branches and between national provincial
governments; judiciary includes Supreme Court
Government leader: President Francisco Macias Nguema
Suffrage: universal age 21 and over
Elections: national and provincial elections held September 1968
Political parties and leaders: in January 1970 government abolished the five
political parties existing at time of independence and the Council of
Ministers approved the creation of the National Unity Party (PUN)
Communists: no significant Communist activity
Member of: IBRD, IMF, OAU, U.N.
ECONOMY:
GDP: $40 million (1968 est.); Rio Muni nearly $100 per capita, Fernando Po
about $250 per capita
Agriculture: major cash crops -- Rio Muni, timber, coffee; Fernando Po, cocoa;
main food crops -- rice, yams, cassava, bananas, oil palm nuts, manioc, and
livestock
Fishing: exports $86,000 (1970)
Major industries: fishing, sawmilling
Electric power: 2,800 kw. capacity (1970); 9 million kw.-hr. produced (1970),
about 30 kw.-hr. per capita
Exports: $24.9 million (1970); cocoa, coffee, and wood
Imports: $21.0 million (1970); foodstuffs, chemicals and chemical products,
textiles
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ECONOMY (cont'd):
Major trade partner: Spain
Aid: Spain, $14.0 million (1969); Libya, $1 million (1971)
Monetary conversion rate: 70 Guinean pesetas=US$1 (official)
COMMUNICATIONS:
Railroads: none
Highways: Rio Muni -- 1,553 mi.; Fernando Po -- 186 mi.
Inland waterways: Rio Muni has approximately 104 mi. of year-round navigable
waterway, used mostly by pirogues
Ports: 2 major, 3 minor
Civil air: no major transport aircraft
Airfields: 5 total, 4 usable; 2 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runway
8,000-11,999 ft., 1 with runway 4,000-7,999 ft.
Telecommunications: fairly adequate for the size and stage of development of the
country; international communications by radio from Bata and Santa Isabel
to Cameroon, Nigeria, and Spain; 1,500 telephones; 71,000 radio receivers;
2 AM, no FM, and 1 TV stations
DEFENSE FORCES:
Military budget: for FY70, $3,475,000, 14.3% of total budget
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 NIS 55~A proved For Release 2004/08/31ETCCJ TP79-01051 A000400010002-1
LAND:
455,000 sq. mi.; 9.5% cropland and orchards, 54.6% meadows
and natural pastures, 6.5% forests and woodlands,
29.4% wasteland, built-on areas, and other
Land boundaries: 3,230 mi.
WATER:
Limits of territorial waters: 12 n. mi.
Coastline: 680 mi. (includes offshore islands)
Ethnic divisions: Galla 40%, Amhara and Tigrai 32%, Sidamo 9%, Shankella 6%,
Somali 6%, Afar 4%, Gurage 2%, other 1%
Religion: 35%-40% Ethiopian Orthodox, 40%-45% Muslims, 15%-20% animist, 5% other
Language: Amharic official; many local languages and dialects; English major
foreign language taught in schools
Literacy: about 5%
Labor force: 90% agriculture and animal husbandry; 10% government, military,
and quasi-government
Organized labor: 60,000 registered labor union members
PEOPLE:
Population: 26,220,000, average annual growth rate 2.3%
(FY69); males 15-49, 6,640,000; 3,425,000 fit for
military service
GOVERNMENT:
Legal name: Empire of Ethiopia
Type: constitutional monarchy, but in effect an absolute monarchy
Capital: Addis Ababa
Political subdivisions: 14 provinces (also referred to as governorates-general)
Legal system: complex structure with civil, Islamic, common and customary law
influences; constitution adopted 1955; no specific constitutional provision
for review by courts but all legislation inconsistent with the constitution
is declared null and void; legal education at Haile Selassie I University;
has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Branches: Emperor is all-powerful, with advisory cabinet and Prime Minister;
legislature composed of elected Chamber of Deputies and appointed Senate;
judiciary at higher levels based on Western pattern, at lower levels on
traditional pattern, without jury system in either
Government leader: Emperor Haile Selassie I
Suffrage: universal over age 21
Political parties and leaders: only amorphous reform groups especially among
younger, better educated Ethiopians
Member of: ECA, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ILO, IMF, ITU, OAU, U.N., UNESCO, UPU,
WHO, WMO
ECONOMY:
GDP: $1.794 billion (1970 in current prices), $70 per capita; 1970 average annual
growth rate 5%
Agriculture: main crops -- coffee, teff, durra, barley, wheat, corn, sugarcane,
cotton, pulses, oilseeds, livestock; almost self-sufficient in food
Fishing: catch 6,927 metric tons (1970), $1.4 million (1970); exports $348,000
(1970)
Major industries: cement, sugar refining, cotton textiles, food processing,
oil refinery
Electric power: 206,000 kw. capacity (1970); 453 million kw.-hr. produced
(1970), 18 kw.-hr. per capita
Exports: $122 million (f.o.b., 1969); coffee 59.8%, hides and skins 8.2%, oilseeds
9%, cereals 5.7%; $2.0 million to Communist countries (1970)
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ECONOMY (cont'd):
Imports: $172 million (c.i.f., 1970); machinery and transport equipment 34.3;%,
fuels 7.6%, chemicals 11.6%, manufactured goods 34.3%; $10 million
from Communist countries (1970)
Major trade partners: imports -- Italy, Japan, West Germany, and U.S.;
exports -- U.S., West Germany, Italy, Saudi Arabia, Japan
Monetary conversion rate: 2.50 Ethiopian dollars=US$1 (official)
Fiscal year: 8 July - 7 July
COMMUNICATIONS:
Railroads: 630 mi.; 420 mi. 3'3 3/8" gage, 20 mi. 3'6" gage, .90 mi. 3'1
3/8" gage; all single track
Highways: 14,300 mi.; 1,125 mi. bituminous, 2,850 mi. crushed stone, gravel, or
stabilized earth, 10,325 mi. earth
Inland waterways: navigation possible on approx. 140 mi. of unconnected and
basically unimproved waterways, of which only 71 mi. are navigable year round
Ports: 2 major, 1 minor
Merchant marine: 6 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 40,200 GRT, 59,700 DWT;
includes 3 cargo, 2 tanker, 1 bulk
Civil air: 17 major transport aircraft
Airfields: 195 total, 117 usable; 7 with permanent-surface runways; 5 with run-
ways 8,000-11,999 ft., 53 with runways 4,000-7,999 ft.
Telecommunications: system better than in most African countries; composed of
open-wire lines, radiocommunication stations, and small number of multi-
conductor cable and radio-relay links; principal center Addis Ababa, secondary
center Asmara; 41,100 telephones; 160,000 radio receivers; 8,000 TV receivers;
5 AM, no FM, and 2 TV stations
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NIS 7 FAEROE ISLANDS
LAND:
540 sq. mi.; less than 5% arable, of which only a fraction
cultivated; archipelago consisting of 18 inhabited
islands and a few uninhabited islets (1966)
WATER:
Limits of territorial waters: 3 n. mi.; fishing, 12 n. mi.
(from extended base lines)
Coastline: 475 mi.
FRANCE
PEOPLE:
Population: 38,000, average annual growth rate 0.7% (FY67-
70); males 15-49 included with Denmark
Ethnic divisions: homogeneous white population
Religion: Evangelical Lutheran
Languages: Faeroese (derived from Old Norse), Danish
Literacy: 99%
Labor force: 15,000; largely engaged in fishing, manufacturing, transportation,
and commerce
GOVERNMENT:
Legal name: The Faeroe Islands
Type: self-governing province within the Kingdom of Denmark; 2 representatives
in Danish parliament
Capital: Torshavn on the island of Streymoy
Political subdivisions: 7 districts, 49 communes, 1 town
Legal system: based on Danish law; Home Rule Act enacted 1948
Branches: legislative authority rests jointly with Crown, acting through appointed
Righ Commissioner, and provincial parliament (Lagting) in matters of strictly
Faeroese concern; executive power vested in Crown, acting through High
Commissioner, but exercised by provincial cabinet responsible to provincial
parliament
Government leaders: King Frederick IX; Prime Minister, Atli Dam
Suffrage: universal, but not compulsory, over age 21
Elections: held every 4 years; next election 1974
Political parties and leaders: Peoples, Hakun Djurhuus; Republican, Erlendur
Patursson; Home Rule, Samuel Petersen; Progressive, Kjartan Mohr; Social
Democratic, Atli Dam; Union, Kristian Djurhuus
Voting strength (1970 election): Peoples 20.0%, Republican 20.0%, Home Rule
5.6%, Progressive 3.5%, Social Democratic 27.2%, Union 21.7%
Member of: Nordic Council
ECONOMY:
GDP: $57.1 million (1969), about $1,460 per capita
Agriculture: sheep and cattle gazing
Fishing: catch 173,780 tons (1969); exports $23.6 million
Major industry: fishing
Electric power: 27,500 kw. capaity (1970); 59 million kw.-hr. produced (1970),
1,590 kw.-hr. per capita
Exports: $24.3 million (f.o.b., 1969); fish and fish products
Imports: $31.3 million (c.i.,f., 1969); machinery and transport equipment, pet-
roleum and petroleum products, food products
Major trade partners: (1968) De mark 42%, U.K. 9.9%, Sweden 5.0%, U.S. 2.1%,
Norway 11.2%; EC 10.2%; EFT 71.4%; Communist countries 1.4%
Monetary conversion rate: 7.5 Danish kroner=US$l
Fiscal year: 1 April - 31 Marchl
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Railroads: none
Highways: none
Ports: 1 minor
Airfields: 1 with permanent-surface runway, less than 4,000 ft.
Civil air: no major transport aircraft
Telecommunications: good international radiocommunications; fair domestic
wire facilities; 6,300 telephones, 11,000 radio receivers, 1 AM, and 3 FM
stations; 1 submarine cable connection
96
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 NIS 64 pproved For Release FRLOKL/RM3ISLANDSgIALVINASgg1A000400010002-1
LAND:
Colony -- 4,700 sq. mi.; area consists of some 200 small
islands, chief of which are East Falkland (2,580 sq.
mi.) and West Falkland (2,038 sq. mi.); dependencies --
consists of the South Sandwich Islands, South Georgia.
and the Shag and Clerke Rocks (1966)
WATER:
Limits of territorial waters: 3 n. mi.
Coastline: 800 mi.
Labor force: 1,100 (est.); over 95% (est.) in agriculture, mostly sheepherding
PEOPLE:
Population: 2,000 (official est. for 1 July 1970)
Ethnic divisions: almost totally British
Religion: predominantly Church of England
Language: English
Literacy: compulsory education up to age 14
GOVERNMENT:
Legal name: Colony of the Falkland Islands
Type: British crown colony
Capital : Stanley
Political subdivisions: local government is confined to capital
Legal system: English common law
Branches: Governor, Executive Council, Legislative Council
Government leader: Governor and Commander in Chief Sir Cosmo Haskard (also
High Commissioner for British Antarctic Colony)
Suffrage: universal
ECONOMY:
Government budget: Colony -- revenues, $1.0 million (FY68); expenditures,
$1.1 million (FY68)
Agriculture: Colony -- predominantly sheep farming; dependencies -- whaling
and sealing
Major industries: Colony -- wool processing; dependencies -- whale and seal
processing
Electric power: 1,327 kw. capacity (1970); 4 million kw.-hr. produced (1970),
2,000 kw.-hr. per capita
Exports: Colony -- $2.52 million (1966); wool (97%), hides and skins (2%),
and other (1%); dependencies -- $3.8 million (1965); whale and seal oil
(62%) and other whale products (38%)
Imports: Colony $1.7 million (1966); food, clothing, fuels, and machinery;
dependencies -- $.2 million (1965); mineral fuels and lubricants, food,
and machinery
Major trade partners: nearly all exports to the U.K., 77% of imports from the
U.K.; dependencies -- exports to the Netherlands (63%) and Japan (37%),
imports from Curacao, Japan, and the U.K.
Monetary conversion rate: 1 Falkland Island pound=US$2.40
COMMUNICATIONS:
Railroads: none
Highways: 512 mi.; 9 mi. paved, 23 mi. gravel, 480 mi. earth
Ports: 1 major, 4 minor
Civil ai-r: no major transport aircraft
*The possession of the Falkland Islands has been disputed by the U.K. and Argentina
(which refers to them as the Malvinas) since 1833.
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COMMUNICATIONS (cont'd):
Airfields: 1 seaplane station
Telecommunications: government-operated open-wire and radiotelephone networks
providing effective service to almost all points on both islands; approx-
imately 500 telephones; 1 AM station and approximately 1,100 radiobroadcast
receivers
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NIS 102 FIJI
LAND:
7,055 sq. mi.; landownership -- 83.6% Fijians, 1.7% Indians,
6.4% government, 7.2% European, 1.1% other; about 30%
of land area is suitable for farming
WATER:
Limits of territorial waters: 3 n. mi. (fishing 3 n. mi.)
Coastline: 700 mi. (est.)
dgJj;fRr 1$1A $ y
~~rCC76S
ROI IS A Ib&
PEOPLE:
Population: 539,000, average annual growth rate 2.8%
(FY69); males 15-49, 139,000; 75,000 fit for military
service; 6,000 reach military age (18) annually
Ethnic divisions: 42% Fijian, 50% Indian, 8% European,
Chinese and others
Religion: Fijians mainly Christian, Indians are Hindu with a Muslim minority
Language: English and Fijian (official), Hindustani widely spoken among Indians
Literacy: over 80%
Labor force: 95,000; over 50% in agriculture, no breakdown on remainder
Organized labor: about 50% of labor force organized into 22 unions; unions
organized along lines of work, breakdown by ethnic origin causes further
fragmentation
GOVERNMENT:
Legal name: Fiji
Type: independent state since 1970
Capital: Suva
Political subdivisions: 14 provinces
Legal system: based on British
Branches: executive -- Prime Minister; legislative -- existing colonial Legis-
lative Council to continue as first House of Representatives, first elections
probably in 1972, to elect a 52-member House of Representatives, there will
also be a 22-member appointed Senate (interim solution of equal representa-
tion for Fijians and Indians); problem of ethnic representation to be
examined and settled before second elections
Government leader: Prime Minister Ratu Sir Kamisese Mara
Suffrage: universal adult
Elections: every 5 years unless House dissolves earlier
Political parties: Alliance, primarily Fijian, headed by Ratu Mara; National
Federation, primarily Indian, headed by S. M. Koya
Communists: few, no figures available
Member of: Commonwealth, U.N.
ECONOMY:
GNP: $204 million (1970), $370 per capita; 5% (est.) average annual growth rate
(1965-70)
Agriculture: main crops -- sugar, coconut products, bananas, rice; major
deficiency, grains
Major industries: tourism, sugar processing
Electric power: 15,700 kw. capacity (1969); 23.5 million kw.-hr. produced (1969),
43 kw.-hr. per capita
Exports: $59.2 million (f.o.b., 1969 excluding reexports); sugar, copra, copper
Imports: $89.6 million (c.i.f., 1969)
Major trade partners: U.K., Australia, U.S., Japan, New Zealand
Aid: disbursed 1968 -- Australia $1.5 million, U.S. $600,000, U.K. $4.2 million
Monetary conversion rate: 0.87 Fijian dollar=US$l
Fiscal year: calendar year
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Railroads: none
Highways: 1,555 mi.; 150 mi. paved, 1,325 mi. gravel or crushed stone, 80 mi.
unimproved earth
Inland waterways: 126 mi.; 76 mi. navigable by motorized craft and 200-ton barges
Ports: 6 major, numerous minor landings
Civil air: 5 major transport aircraft (incl. 2 leased)
Airfields: 16, 11 usable; 1 with runway 8,000-11,999 ft., 1 with runway 4,000-7,999
ft., 2 seaplane stations
Telecommunications: modern local, interisland, and international (wire/radio
integrated) public and special-purpose telephone, telegraph, and teleprinter
facilities; regional radio center; important COMPAC cable link between
U.S./Canada and New Zealand/Australia, et al; 16,789 telephones; 50,000
radio receivers; 5 AM, no FM or TV stations
DEFENSE FORCES:
Military budget: the defense of the Fiji Islands was the responsibility of the
U.K. until 10 October 1970; the military budget for 1971 is $314,000
100
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NIS 12
LAND:
130,000 sq. mi.; 8% arable, 65% forested, 27% other (1966)
Land boundaries: 1,575 mi.
WATER:
Limits of territorial waters: 4 n. mi. (fishing, 4 n. mi.);
Aland Islands, 3 n. mi.
Coastline: 700 mi. (approx.) includes islands
Ethnic divisions: homogeneous white population, small Lappish minority
Religion: 93% Evangelical Lutheran, 1% Greek Orthodox, 1% other, 5% no affiliation
Language: Finnish 92%, Swedish 7%; small Lapp- and Russian-speaking minorities
Literacy: 99%
Labor force: 2.3 million; 28.1% agriculture, forestry, and fishing, 24.2% mining
and manufacturing, 9.0% construction, 13.7% commerce, 6.6% transportation and
communications, 16.5% services; 1.9% unemployed
Organized'labor: 60% of labor force
PEOPLE:
Population: 4,683,000, average annual growth rate 0.1%
(FY69-70); males 15-49, 1,203,000; 900,000 fit for
military service; 40,000 reach military age (17)
annually
GOVERNMENT:
Legal name: Republic of Finland
Type: republic
Capital: Helsinki
Political subdivisions: 12 provinces; 443 communes, 78 towns
Legal system: civil law system based on Swedish law; constitution adopted 1919;
Supreme Court may request legislation interpreting or modifying laws; legal
education at Universities of Helsinki and Turku; accepts compulsory ICJ
jurisdiction, with reservations
Branches: legislative authority rests jointly with President and parliament
(Eduskunta); executive power vested in President and exercised through
cabinet responsible to parliament; Supreme Court, 4 superior courts,
193 lower courts
Government leader: President Urho K. Kekkonen; Prime Minister Ahti Karjalainen
Suffrage: universal, over age 20; not compulsory
Elections: parliamentary, every 4 years (next in 1974); presidential, every
6 years (next in 1974)
Political parties and leaders: Social Democratic, Rafael Paasio; Center,
Johannes Virolainen; Peoples Democratic League (Communist front), Ele
Alenius; Conservative, Harri Holker; Liberal, Pekka Tarjanne; Swedish Peoples,
Jan-Magnus Jansson; Rural, Veikko Vennamo; Social Democratic League,
Uuno Nokelainen; Communist, Aarne Saarinen
Voting strength (1970 election): 23.4% Social Democratic, 17.1% Center, 16.6%
Peoples Democratic League, 18.0% Conservative, 6.0% Liberal, 5.6% Swedish
Peoples, 10.5% Rural, 1.4% Social Democratic League, 1.4% other
Communists: 47,000; an additional 65,000 persons belong to Peoples
Democratic League; a further number of sympathizers, as indicated by
421,000 votes cast for Peoples Democratic League in 1970 elections
Member of: EFTA (associate), FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, IHB, ILO,
IMCO, IMF, ITU, Nordic Council, OECD, Seabeds Committee (observer), U.N.,
UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO
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 ECONOMY: Approved For Release 2004/08/31 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000400010002-1
GNP: $9 billion (1970), $1,910 per capita; 53.4% consumption, 29.7%
investment, 17.5% government, -0.6% net exports of goods and services; 1970
growth rate 8.9%, current prices
Agriculture: animal husbandry, especially dairying, predominates; forestry
important secondary occupation for rural population; main crops -- cereals,
sugar beets, potatoes; 85% self-sufficient; shortages -- food and fodder
grains; caloric intake 2,890 calories per day per capita (1968-69)
Major industries: include metal manufacturing and shipbuilding, forestry and
wood processing (pulp, paper), copper refining
Shortages: fossil fuels; industrial raw materials, except wood, and iron ore
Crude steel: 1,168,837 metric tons produced (1970), 250 kilograms per capita
Electric power: 4,800,000 kw. capacity (1970); 22,313 million kw.-hr. produced
(1970), 4,000 kw.-hr. per capita
Exports: $2,306 million (f.o.b., 1970); timber, paper and pulp, ships, machinery,
iron and steel, clothing and footwear
Imports: $2,638 million (c.i.f., 1970); foodstuffs, petroleum and petroleum
products, chemicals, transport equipment, iron and steel, machinery, textile
yarn and fabrics
Major trade partners (1969): 25.6% EC, 39.5% EFTA, 13.1% West Germany,
15.8% U.K., 14.2% Sweden, 5.6% U.S., 13.3% U.S.S.R., 17.2% Communist countries
Aid: U.S. $158.3 million authorized 1946-70, none in 1968 or 1969, $7.6 million
in 1970; IBRD -- $221.5 million authorized through 1946-68, $22 million in 1969,
$13 million in 1971; Finnish foreign aid programs have amounted to $23 million
1961-69, $15,000 in 1970
Monetary conversion rate: new markka (Fmk) 4.20=US$l (official)
Fiscal year: calendar year
COMMUNICATIONS:
Railroads: 3,720 mi.; Finnish State Railways (VR) operate a total
3,693 mi. broad gage (5'0"), 290 mi. double track, and 41 mi. electrified;
14 mi. narrow gage (2' 5 1/2") and 13 mi. broad gage are privately owned
Highways: 44,200 mi., 11,600 mi. bituminous, 31,900 mi. stablized gravel, 700
mi. gravel and earth; 12,400 mi. of private roads (surface type na)
Inland waterways: 4,100 mi. total (including Saimaa Canal); 2,300 mi. suitable
for steamers; canal locks (275 ft. by 42 ft. with a 16.7 ft. depth over sill)
can accommodate vessels of up to 225 ft. in length, 36 ft. beam, and 14.5
ft. draft
Ports: 11 major, 14 minor
Merchant marine: 215 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 1,350,700 GRT, 2,011,500
UWT; includes 9 passenger, 136 cargo, 45 tanker, 13 bulk, 12 specialized
carrier
Civil air: 33 major transport aircraft
Airfields: 92 total, 73 usable; 28 with permanent-surface runways; 15 with
runways 8,000-11,999 ft., 22 with runways 4,000-7,999 ft.
Telecommunications: facilities provide essential services for government and
industry; 1,090,000 telephones; 1,774,569 radiobroadcast receivers; 1,042,700
TV receivers; 11 AM, 39 FM, and 55 TV stations; 6 submarine cables
DEFENSE FORCES:
Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1971, $177.3 million; about
6.7% of central government budget
102
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LAND:
213,000 sq. mi.; 31% cultivated, 25% meadows and pastures,
19% waste, urban, or other, 25% forested (1968)
Land boundaries: 1,795 mi.
Ethnic divisions: 45% Celtic; remainder Latin, Germanic, Slav, Basque
Religion: 83% Catholic, 2% Protestant, 1% Jewish, 1% Muslim (North African
workers), 11% unaffiliated
Language: French (100% of population); rapidly declining regional patois --
Provencal, Breton, Germanic, Corsican, Catalan, Basque, Flemish
Literacy: 97%
Labor force: 20,002,240; 15.4% agriculture, 39.5% industry, 44.9% services,
2% unemployed
Organized labor: 17% of labor force, 23.4% of salaried labor force
WATER:
Limits of territorial waters: 3 n. mi. (fishing, 12 n. mi.)
Coastline: 2,130 mi. (includes Corsica, 400 mi.)
PEOPLE:
Population: 51,443,000, average annual growth rate 0.8%
(FY66-70); males 15-49, 12,454,000; fit for military
service 10,035,000; 422,000 reach military age (18)
annually
GOVERNMENT:
Legal name: French Republic
Type: republic, with president having wide powers
Capital : Paris
Political subdivisions: 95 departments, 21 "regional action districts"
Legal system: civil law system with indigenous concepts; new constitution
adopted 1958, amended concerning election of President in 1962; judicial
review of administrative but not legislative acts; legal education at over
25 schools of law; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations
Branches: presidentially appointed Prime Minister heads Council of Ministers,
which is formally responsible to National Assembly; bicameral legislature
-- National Assembly (487 members), Senate (283 members) restricted to a
delaying action; judiciary independent in principle
Government leader: President Georges Pompidou
Suffrage: universal over age 21; not compulsory
Elections: National Assembly -- every 5 years, last election June 1968, direct
universal suffrage, 2 ballots; Senate -- indirect collegiate system for 9
years, renewable by one-third every 3 years; President -- direct, universal
suffrage every 7 years, 2 ballots, last election June 1969
Political parties and leaders: Union of Democrats for the Republic (UDR), Rene
Tomasini; Independent Republicans, Valery Giscard d'Estaing; Communist (PCF),
Waldeck Rochet, George Marchais (acting); Progress and Modern Democracy (PDM),
Jacques Duhamel; Radical Socialists, Jean-Jacques Servan-Schreiber; Socialist
Party, Francois Mitterrand; Unified Socialist Party (PSU), Michel Rocard
Voting strength (.first ballot, 1968 election): 43.6% UDR, 20% PCF, 16.5%
Federation of Democratic and Socialist Left (grouping of parties of left),
10.3% Center, 9.6% other
Communists: 250,000-300,000 (est.); Communist voters, 5 million average
Other political or pressure groups: Communist-controlled labor union
(Confederation Generale du Travail) nearly 1,000,000 members (est.),
National Council of French Employers (Conseil National de Patronat
Francais -- CNPF or Patronat)
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GOVERNMENT (cont'd).
Member of: Council of Europe, EC, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IHB, ILO, IMCO, IMF, ITU,
NATO (signatory), OECD, Seabeds Committee, SEATO, South Pacific Commission,
U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WEU, WHO, WMO
ECONOMY:
GNP: $145.9 billion (1970), $2,870 per capita; 60% consumption, 28% investment
(including government), 11% government consumption; 1% net exports; 1970
growth rate 5.9%, 1963 constant prices
Agriculture: Western Europe's foremost producer; main crops -- cereals, sugar
beets, potatoes, wine grapes; self-sufficient for most temperate zone food-
stuffs; food shortages -- fats and oils, tropical produce; caloric intake,
3,180 calories per day per capita (1967 est.)
Fishing: catch 746,300 metric tons, $227,449,000 (1969); exports $27,158,000
(1969), imports $165,963,000 (1969)
Major industries: steel, machinery and equipment, textiles and clothing,
chemicals, food processing, metallurgy
Shortages: crude oil, textile fibers, most nonferrous ores, coking coal, fats
and oils
Crude steel: 23.8 million metric tons produced (1970), 469 kilograms per capita
(1970)
Electric power: 36,500,000 kw. capacity (1970); 140.7 billion kw.-hr. produced
(1970), 2,600 kw.-hr. per capita
Exports: $17.9 billion (f.o.b., 1970); principal items -- textiles and clothing,
iron and steel products, machinery and transportation equipment, foodstuffs
and agricultural products, alcoholic beverages
Imports: $19.1 billion (c.i.f., 1970); principal items -- machinery and
equipment, crude petroleum, iron and steel products, textile fibers, coal
and coke, foodstuffs, alcoholic beverages
Major trade partners: (1970) EC 49%; West Germany 21%; Belgium-Luxembourg 11%;
Italy 10%; Netherlands 6%; EFTA 13%; U.S. 8%; Eastern Europe 2%; U.S.S.R. 1%;
franc zone 10%
Aid:
economic (received) -- U.S., $5,215.4 million authorized (FY46-68), none
since FY67;
military -- U.S., $4,259 million authorized (FY46-70); net official economic
aid to less developed areas and multilateral agencies -- $7,431 million
(FY60-70), $951.7 million (FY70)
Monetary conversion rate: 5.55419 francs=US$l (official)
Fiscal year: calendar year
COMMUNICATIONS:
Railroads: 24,679 mi.; 23,829 mi. standard gage, 740 mi. meter gage, 110 mi.
other gages (4' 8 7/8" to meter); 5,970 mi. electrified, 9,892 mi. double
or multiple track
Highways: National, Departmental, and Communal roads total 487,600 mi. comprising
292,600 mi. paved, 190,000 mi. crushed stone and gravel, and 14,600 mi.
improved earth; in addition, there are approximately 434,000 mi. of local
farm and forest roads
Inland waterways: 9,320 mi.; 4,820 mi. heavily traveled
Pipelines: total, 10,000 mi.; crude oil, 1,400 mi.; refined products, 2,700 mi.;
natural gas, 5,900 mi.
Ports: 22 major, 165 minor
Merchant marine: 442 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 6,591,400 GRT, 10,302,000
DWT; includes 13 passenger, 225 cargo, 109 tanker, 58 bulk, 37 specialized
carrier
Civil air: 277 major transport aircraft
Airfields: 509 total, 419 usable; 155 with permanent-surface runways; 2 with
runways over 12,000 ft., 20 with runways 8,000-11,999 ft., 128 with runways
4,000-7,999 ft.; 10 seaplane stations
104
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COMMUNICATIONS (cont'd):
Telecommunications: highly developed system provides satisfactory telephone,
telegraph, telex, facsimile, and radio and TV broadcast services; 9.5 million
telephones; 16 million radiobroadcast receivers; 11 million TV receivers;
countrywide AM, FM, and TV service including 38 AM, 55 FM, and 40 primary
TV stations; 25 submarine cables
DEFENSE FORCES:
Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1971, $5.1 billion; about
17.2% of central government budget
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 NIS 95C pproved For Release 2004/"91 q t P79-01051A000400010002-1
LAND:
35,100 sq. mi.; 90% forested, 10% wasteland, built-on,
inland water, and other of which .05% is cultivated
and pasture (1970)
WATER:
Limits of territorial waters: 3 n. mi.
Coastline: 235 mi.
PEOPLE:
Population: 55,000, average annual growth rate 5.0%
(FY67-70); males 15-49, 13,000; 9,000
fit for military service
Ethnic divisions: 95% Negro or mulatto, 5% caucasian or East Indian
Religion: predominantly Roman Catholic
Language: French
Literacy: 73%
Labor force: 17,012 (1967 census); services 49%, construction 21%, agriculture
18%, industry 8%, transportation 4%; information on unemployment unavailable
Organized labor: 7% of labor force
GOVERNMENT:
Legal name: Overseas Department of French Guiana
Type: overseas department of France; represented by one deputy in French National
Assembly and one senator in French Senate
Capital: Cayenne
Political subdivisions: 2 arrondissements, 19 communes each with a locally elected
municipal council
Legal system: French legal system; highest court is Court of Appeal based in
Martinique with jurisdiction over Martinique, Guadeloupe, and French Guiana
Branches: executive: prefect appointed by Paris; legislative: popularly elected
16-member General Council; judicial, under jurisdiction of French judicial
system
Government leader: Prefect, Jean Monfraix
Suffrage: universal over age 21
Elections: General Council elections coincide with those for the French National
Assembly, normally every 5 years; last election March 1970
Political parties and leaders: Parti Socialiste Guyanais (PSG), Leopold Heder,
Senator; Union Progressiste Guyanaise (UPG), weak, leftist allied with, but
also reported to have been absorbed by, the PSG; Union of Democrats for the
Republic (UDR), Hector Rivierez, delegate to French National Assembly
Communists: UPG includes Communist sympathizers, but has little measurable
following; no organized Communist party
ECONOMY:
GNP: $32 million (1966), $840 per capita
Agriculture: main crops -- rice, corn, manioc, cocoa, bananas, sugarcane
Fishing: catch 800 metric tons (1968); exports $2.4 million (1968.), imports $2.2
million (1967)
Major industries: timber, rum, gold mining, production of rosewood essence and
space center
Electric power: 18,300 kw. capacity (1970); 54.9 million kw.-hr.
produced (1970), 1,058 kw.-hr. per capita
Exports: $3.4 million (f.o.b. 1968); shrimp, timber, rum, rosewood essence
Imports: $52.0 million (c.i.f., 1968); food (grains, processed meat), other
consumer goods, producer goods and petroleum
Major trade partners: exports -- U.S. 78%, France 11%, Martinique 5%; imports --
France 72%, U.S. 13% and Trinidad and Tobago 3% (1967)
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 ECONOMY (col 'rived For Release 2004/08/31 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000400010002-1
Monetary conversion rate: commercial rate, 5.5187 francs=US$l ; financial rate,
5.3333 francs=US$l (1 October 1971)
Fiscal year: calendar year
COMMUNICATIONS:
Railroads: 20 mi. private plantation line, 1'11 5/8" gage; 8 mi. abandoned
narrow-gage line
Highways: 450 mi.; 250 mi. paved, 150 mi. improved earth, 50 mi. gravel
Inland waterways: 290 mi.; navigable by small oceangoing vessels and river
and coastal steamers; 2,110 mi. possibly navigable by native craft
Ports: 1 major, 7 minor
Civil air: no major transport aircraft
Airfields: 15 total, 13 usable; 1 with permanent-surface runway; 1 with runway
8,000-11,999 ft.; 1 seaplane station
Telecommunications: very limited open-wire telecom system with more than 4,000
telephones; 25% connected to automatic exchanges; est. 7,000 radio receivers
and nearly 2,000 TV receivers, 1 AM, 2 FM and 2 TV stations; 1 satellite
tracking and control station
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NIS 55C FRENCH TERRITORY OF THE AFARS AND ISSAS
LAND:
9,000 sq. mi.; 89% desert wasteland, 10% permanent pasture,
and less than 1% cultivated (1970)
Land boundaries: 321 mi.
WATER:
Limits of territorial waters: 3 n. mi.
Coastline: 195 mi. (includes offshore islands)
PEOPLE:
Population: 125,000 (official estimate for 1 July 1967):
males 15-49, about 30,0Q0; about 15,000 fit for
military service
Ethnic divisions: 59,350 Somalis (large number of the Somalis are temporary
immigrants from Somalia -- not citizens of territory), 53,650 Afars, 6,000
Arabs, 7,000 French (inclusive of French military forces)
Religion: 94% Muslim, 6% Christian
Language: Somali, Afar, French, Arabic, all widely used
Literacy: about 5%
Labor force: a small number of semiskilled laborers at port
Organized labor: some 3,000 railway workers organized
GOVERNMENT:
Legal name: Overseas Territory of Afars and Issas
Type: overseas territory of France; represented by one deputy in French National
Assembly and by one senator in French Senate
Capital: Djibouti,
Legal system: based on French civil law system and customary law
Branches: President of Council of Government; 8-member Council of Government
appointed by 32-member Chamber of Deputies; ultimate political authority
exercised by Paris-appointed President of the Council of Government, some-
times referred to as Prime Minister
Government leader: Ali Aref Bourhan
Suffrage: universal
Elections: Chamber of Deputies election held November 1968
Political parties and leaders: Parti du Mouvement Populaire, Moussa Ahmed Idriss;
Rassemblement Democratique Afar, Ali Aref Bourhan; Union Democratique Afar,
Mohamed Kamil; Union Populaire Africaine, Hassan Guled
ECONOMY:
Agriculture: livestock; desert conditions limit commercial crops to about 15
acres
Industry: ship repairs
Electric power: 18,300 kw. capacity (1970); 18 million kw.-hr. produced (1970),
222 kw.-hr. per capita
Imports: almost all domestically needed goods
Exports: hides and skins
Aid: $2.4 million in 1967 from France
Monetary conversion rate: 214 Djibouti francs=US$l (official)
Fiscal year: probably same as that for France (calendar year)
COMMUNICATIONS:
Railroads: 60 mi. meter gage
Highways: 620 mi.; 50 mi. paved, 570 mi. earth
Ports: 1 major, 1 minor
Airfields: 27 total, 10 usable; 1 with permanent-surface runway; 1 with runway
8,000-11,999 ft., 6 with runways 4,000-7,999 ft.; 1 seaplane station
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IOZ Civil air: 5 major transport aircraft (registered in France)
Telecommunications: fair telephone services; poor telegraph facilities; 2,000
telephones; 7,000 radio receivers; 1,100 TV receivers; 1 AM, no FM, and
1 TV stations
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LAND:
102,000 sq. mi.; 75% forested, 15% savanna, 9% urban and
wasteland, less than 1% cultivated (1967)
Land boundaries: 1,505 mi.
WATER:
Limits of territorial waters: 25 n. mi.
Coastline: 550 mi.
Ethnic divisions: about 40 Bantu tribes, including 8 major tribal groupings
(Omiene, Fang, Eshira, Bakota, Mbede, Seke, Okande, Bakele); about 3,000
Pygmies; 10,000 to 12,000 non-Africans
Religion: 55% to 75% Christian, less than 1% Muslim, remainder animist
Language: French official language and medium of instruction in schools; Fang
is a major vernacular language
Literacy: about 12%
Labor force: about 280,000 of whom 56,000 in modern sector
Organized labor: less than 30% of wage labor force
PEOPLE:
Population: 513,000, average annual growth rate 1.7%
(FY66-70); males 15-49, 126,000; 63,000 fit for
military service; 5,000 reach military age (18)
annually
GOVERNMENT:
Legal name: Gabonese Republic
Type: republic; one-party presidential regime since 1964
Capital: Libreville
Political subdivisions: 9 regions, 6 communes, 4,500 villages
Legal system: based on French civil law system and customary law; constitution
adopted 1961; judicial review of legislative acts in Constitutional Chamber
of the Supreme Court; legal education at Centre of Higher and Legal Studies
at Libreville; compulsory ICJ jurisdiction not accepted
Branches: power centralized in President, elected by universal suffrage for
7-year term; unicameral 47-member National Assembly has limited powers;
judiciary
Government leaders: President Albert-Bernard Bongo
Suffrage: universal over age 21
Elections: Presidential and parliamentary elections last held March 1967
Political parties and leaders: Gabonese Democratic Party (PDG) led by President
Bongo is only legal party
Communists: possibly some Communists and probably some Communist sympathizers
Member of: EAMA, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ILO, IMF, ITU, OAU, OCAM, UDEAC, U.N.,
UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO
ECONOMY:
GDP: $326 million (1970), about $660 per capita; 1965-70 real growth 8% average
annual rate
Agriculture: commercial -- cocoa, coffee, wood, palm oil, rice; main food crops
-- bananas, manioc, peanuts, root crops; imports food
Fishing: catch 4,000 tons (1969); exports $600,000 (1970), imports -- not available
Major industries: sawmills, petroleum refinery, natural gas, agricultural
processing; mining of increasing importance; major minerals -- manganese,
uranium, gold, and iron
Electric power: 16,750 kw. installed capacity (1970); 46 million kw.-hr. produced
(1970), 97 kw.-hr. per capita
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Exports: $174 million (f.o.b., 1970) excluding trade with other members of the
Economic and Customs Union of Central Africa (UDEAC); wood and wood products
about 40%; minerals (manganese, uranium concentrates, gold, crude oil)
Imports: $113 million (c.i.f., 1970) excluding UDEAC trade; mining, roadbuilding
machinery, electrical equipment, transport vehicles, foodstuffs, textiles
Major trade partners: France, U.S., West Germany, and Curacao; preferential
tariffs to EC and franc zone
Monetary conversion rate: 1 Communaute Financiere Africaine franc=0.02 French
francs; prior to 13 August 1971, 277 CFA francs=US$1
Fiscal year: calendar year
COMMUNICATIONS:
Railroads: none
Highways: 3,820 mi.; 125 mi. paved, 1,960 mi. gravel or crushed stone, 1,425 mi.
improved earth, 310 mi. unimproved earth
Inland waterways: approximately 1,000 mi. perennially navigable
Pipelines: crude oil, 39 mi.
Ports: 3 major, 2 minor
Civil air: 9 major transport aircraft
Airfields: 179 total, 98 usable; 2 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with run-
way 8,000-11,999 ft., 14 with runways 4,000-7,999 ft.; 2 seaplane stations
Telecommunications: fair telephone and telegraph services; good broadcast
coverage in vicinity of Libreville; 2 AM and 2 TV stations; 6,700 telephones;
62,000 radio receivers; 1,200 TV receivers
DEFENSE FORCES:
Supply: dependent on France
Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1971, 5,545,000; about 6.3%
of total budget
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LAND:
4,000 sq. mi.; 25% uncultivated savanna, 16% swamps, 4%
forest parks, 55% upland cultivable areas, built-up
areas, etc.
Land boundaries: 460 mi.
WATER:
Limits of territorial waters: 12 n. mi. (fishing, 18 n. mi.)
Coastline: 50 mi.
males 15- , , , ,
Ethnic divisions: over 99% Africans (Malinke 41%, Fulani 14%, Wolof 12%, remainder
made up of several smaller groups), fewer than 1% Europeans and Lebanese
Religion: 85% Muslim, 15% animist and Christian
Language: English official; Malinke most widely used vernacular
Literacy: about 10%
Labor force: approx. 165,000, mostly engaged in subsistence farming; about
25,000 are wage earners (government, trade, services)
Organized labor: 25% to 30% of wage labor force at most
PEOPLE:
Population: 375,000, average annual growth rate 2.0% (FY69,,
49 89 000. 43 000 fit for military service
GOVERNMENT:
Legal name: Republic of The Gambia
Type: republic; independent since February 1968
Capital : Bathurst
Political subdivisions: Bathurst and 4 divisions
Legal system: based on English common law and customary law; constitution came
into force upon independence in 1965, new republican constitution adopted in
April 1970; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations
Branches: Executive Council of 8 ministers; 36-member House of Representatives,
in which 4 seats are reserved for chiefs and 32 are filled by election for
5-year term; independent judiciary
Government leader: Dawda K. Jawara, President
Political parties and leaders: People's Progressive Party (PPP), Secretary
General Dawda K. Jawara; o position coalition, People's Progressive Alliance
(PPA) and United Party (UP)
Elections: general elections held May 1966; PPP won 24 seats, alliance of UP and
PPA won 5
Communists: probably some Communists and sympathizers
Member of: Commonwealth, OAU, U.N.
ECONOMY:
GDP: $46 million (FY71 est.), about $120 per capita
Agriculture: main crops -- peanuts, rice, palm kernels
Fishing: catch 4,500 tons (1970); exports $94,000 (1970)
Major industry: peanut processing
Electric power: 5,000 kw. capacity (1970); 12 million kw.-hr. produced (1970),
32 kw.-hr. per capita
Exports: $15.7 million (1970); peanuts and peanut products 90% to 95%, palm
kernels
Imports: $17 million (1970); textiles, foodstuffs, tobacco, machinery,
petroleum products
Major trade partners: exports -- U.K.; imports -- U.K. and Japan
Aid: economic -- U.K. (1968-71) about $8 million commitment
Monetary conversion rate: 1 Gambian pound=US$2.40 (official)
Fiscal year: 1 July - 30 June
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Railroads: none
Highways: 820 mi.; 130 mi. bituminous surface treated, 260 mi. gravel, 430 mi
unimproved earth
Inland waterways: 377 mi.
Ports: 1 major
Civil air: no major transport aircraft
Airfields: 4 total, 1 usable; 1 with permanent-surface runway; 1 with runway
4,000-7,999 ft.; 1 seaplane station
Telecommunications: good telephone and telegraph services; 1,600 telephones;
35,000 radio receivers; 2 AM, no FM or TV stations; 1 submarine cable
DEFENSE FORCES:
Defense is responsibility of U.K.; no British troops present; police strength
is about 600, including 6 expatriate officers
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NIS 13A GERMANY, EAST
LAND:
41,800 sq. mi.; 45% arable, 13% meadows and pasture, 27%
forested, 15% other (1968)
Land boundaries: 1,435 mi.
WATER:
Limits of territorial waters: 3 n. mi.
Coastline: 560 mi. (including islands)
n
Religion: 80% Protestant, 9% Roman Catholic, 11% unaffiliated or other; less than
5% of Protestants and about 25% of Roman Catholics actively participate
Language: German, small Sorbin (West Slavic) minority
Literacy: 99%
Labor force: 8.2 million; 36.5% industry; 5.2% handicrafts; 7.4% construction;
12.8% agriculture; 7.3% transport and communications; 11.0% commerce; 17.5%
services; 2.3% other
Organized labor: 86% of total labor force
PEOPLE:
Population: 17,039,000 (including East Berlin), average
annual growth rate -0% (current); males 15-49,
3,791,000; 3,076,000 fit for military service; about
133,000 reach military age (18) annually
ic divisions? 99 7% German .3% Slavic and other
Eth
GOVERNMENT:
Legal name: German Democratic Republic
Type: Communist state
Capital: East Berlin (not officially recognized by U.S., U.K., and France, which
together with the U.S.S.R. have special rights and responsibilities in Berlin)
Political subdivisions: (excluding East Berlin 14 districts (Bezirke), 217
counties (Kreise), 8,867 communities (Gemeinden)
Legal system: Civil law system modified by Communist legal theory; new constitution
adopted 1968 by approx. 95% of the voters in national "referendum;" court
system parallels administrative divisions; no judicial review of legislative
acts; legal education at Universities of Berlin, Leipsig, Haile and Jena;
has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction; more stringent penal code
adopted 1968
Branches: legislative -- Volkskammer (elected directly); executive -- Chairman
of Council of State, Chairman of Council of Ministers, Cabinet (elected by
Volkskammer); judiciary -- Supreme Court; entire structure dominated by
Socialist Unity (Communist) Party
Government leaders: Walter Ulbricht (Head of State); Chairman, Council of Ministers,
Willi Stoph (Head of Government)
Suffrage: all citizens age 18 and over
Elections: national and local alternating every 2 years; prepared by an electoral
commission of the National Front; ballot supposed to be secret and voters
permitted to strike names off ballot; more candidates than offices available;
parliamentary elections held 2 July 1967; local elections, 22 March 1970; new
parliamentary elections scheduled for 14 November 1971
Political parties and leaders: Socialist Unity (Communist) Party (SED), headed
by First Secretary Erich Honecker, dominates the regime; 4 token parties
(Christian Democratic Union, National Democratic Party, Liberal Democratic
Party, and Democratic Peasants' Party) and an amalgam of special interest
organizations participate with the SED in National Front
Voting strength: 1967 parliamentary elections: 99.93% voted the regime slate; 197
local elections: 99.85% voted the regime slate
Communists: 1.9 million party members
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GOVERNMENT (cont'd) :
Other special interest groups: Free German Youth, Free German Trade Union
Federation, Democratic Women's Federation of Germany, German Cultural
Federation (all Communist dominated)
Member of: CEMA, Warsaw Pact
ECONOMY:
Agriculture: food deficit area; main crops -- potatoes, rye, wheat, barley, oats,
industrial crops; shortages in grain, vegetables, vegetable oil, beef;
caloric intake, 3,000 calories per day per capita (1967-68)
Major industries: metal fabrication, chemicals, light industry, brown coal,
uranium, and shipbuilding
Shortages: coking coal, coke, crude oil, rolled steel products, nonferrous metals
Crude steel: 5.37 million metric tons produced (1970 est.), approx. 310 kg. per
capita
Electric power: 12,669,100 kw. capacity (1970); 67.7 billion kw.-hr. produced
(1970), 3,020 kw.-hr. per capita
Exports: $4,581 million est. (f.o.b. delivering country, 1970)
Imports: $4,847 million est. (f.o.b. delivering country, 1970)
Major trade partners: $9,428 million (1970); 39% Soviet Union, 32% other
Communist countries, 29% non-Communist countries
Monetary conversion rate: 4.2 DME=US$l (unofficial rate actually used in East
German accounting of foreign trade transactions)
Fiscal year: same as calendar year; economic data reported for calendar years
except for caloric intake, which is reported for the consumption year
1 July - 30 June
COMMUNICATIONS:
Railroads: 9,109 route mi.; 8,762 mi. standard gage, 347 mi. meter and narrow
gage, 1,731 mi. double track standard gage; 843 mi. overhead electrified (1970)
Highways: 54,055 mi.; 29,369 mi. paved, 24,685 mi. unpaved; 910 mi. classified
autobahn, 7,705 mi. national routes, 20,755 mi. district roads (1971)
Inland waterways: 1,562 mi. (1971)
Freight carried: rail -- 289.2 million short tons, 28.4 billion short ton/mi.
(1969); highway -- 510.4 million short tons, 8.4 billion short ton/mi. (1970);
waterway -- 14.3 to 15.1 million short tons, 1.6 billion short ton/mi. (1970)
Pipelines: crude oil, 360 mi; refined products, 100 mi.
Merchant marine: 130 ships (1,000 GRT and over) totaling 966,300 GRT, 1,299,800
DWT; includes 2 passenger, 99 cargo, 9 tanker, 11 bulk, 9 specialized carrier
Telecommunications: domestic and international facilities modern and adequate;
good coverage provided by 21 AM and 18 FM broadcast stations, 6,000,000
receivers; 15 major TV stations supplemented by 300 rebroadcast stations;
4.4 million TV receivers; 1,986,190 telephones (100% automatic)
DEFENSE FORCES:
Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1971, 7.2 billion DME;
about 9.5% of total budget
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 NIS 50AApproved For Release 2004/08/31 GN-RDP79-01051A000400010002-1
LAND:
92,000 sq. mi.; 19% agricultural, 60% forest and brush,
21% other (1969)
Limits of territorial waters: 12 n. mi. (fishing, 12
n. mi.)
PEOPLE:
Population: 8,932,000, average annual growth rate 2.4%
(March 60-70); males 15-49, 2,035,000; 1,090,000 fit
for military service; 105,000 reach military age (18)
annually
Ethnic divisions: 99.8% Negroid African (major tribes
Fanti, Ashanti, Ewe), 0.2% European and other
R 1' ' n ? 45% nimists 42 8% Christian 12% Muslim
e ~g~o. o
Language: English official; African languages include Akan 44%, Mole-Dagbani 16%,
Ewe 13%, and Ga-Adangbe 8%
Literacy: about 25% (in English)
Labor force: 3.4 million; 61% agriculture and fishing, 16.8% industry, 15.2%
sales and clerical, 4.1% services, transportation, and communications,
2.9% professional; 400,000 unemployed
Organized labor: 350,000 or approximately 10% of labor force
GOVERNMENT:
Legal name: Republic of Ghana
Type: republic; independent since March 1957
Capital: Accra
Political subdivisions: 8 administrative regions and separate Greater Accra
Area; regions subdivided into 47 districts
Legal system: based on English common law and customary law; Supreme Court has
power of judicial review; new constitution adopted 1969; legal education at
University of Ghana (Legon) and Ghana Law School (Accra); has not accepted
compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Branches: executive authority vested primarily in prime minister, although
president has some appointive powers; unicameral legislature; independent
judiciary
Government leaders: chief of state, President Edward Akufo-Addo; Prime Minister,
Kofi A. Busia
Suffrage: universal over 21
Elections: 140-man National Assembly elected to five-year term in August, 1969;
105 seats won by Progress Party which now governs
Political parties and leaders: two major parties are Progress Party led by
Kofi Busia and Justice Party led by E. R. Madjitey and Joe Appiah
Communists: a small number of Communists and sympathizers, without influence
since Nkrumah's overthrow
Member of: Commonwealth, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ILO, IMCO, IMF, ITU, OAU, U.N.,
UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO
ECONOMY:
GDP: $2.3 billion (1969) at current prices, about $260 per capita; real growth
rate about 3.6%
Agriculture: main crop -- cocoa; other crops include root crops, corn, sorghum
and millet, peanuts; not self-sufficient, but can become so
Fishing: catch 163,000 tons (1969), $35 million
Major industries: mining, lumbering, light manufacturing, fishing, aluminum
Electric power: 675,000 kw. capacity (1970); 2.8 billion kw.-hr. produced
(1970), 320 kw.-hr. per capita
Exports: $348 million (f.o.b., 1969); cocoa (about 70%), wood, gold, diamonds,
manganese, bauxite, and aluminum (aluminum regularly excluded from balance
of payments data)
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Imports: $300 million (f.o.b., 1969); textiles and other manufactured goods,
food, fuels, transport equipment
Major trade partners: U.K., EC, and U.S.
Monetary conversion rate: 1 new Cedi=US$0.98 (official); 1.02 new Cedi=US$l
Fiscal year: 1 July - 30 June
COMMUNICATIONS:
Railroads: 599 mi. -- all 3'6" gage; 20 mi. double track; diesel locomotives
gradually replacing steam engines
Highways: 21,350 mi., 3,100 mi. concrete or bituminous surface, 3,750 mi. gravel
or laterite, 3,700 mi. improved earth, 10,800 mi. unimproved earth
Inland waterways: Volta, Ankobra, and Tano rivers provide 145 mi. of perennial
navigation for launches and lighters; additional routes navigable seasonally
by small craft; Lake Volta reservoir provides 700 mi. of arterial and
feeder waterways
Pipelines: refined products, 2 mi.
Ports: 2 major, 1 naval base (Sekondi), 4 minor
Merchant marine: 16 cargo ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 113,900 GRT,
150,900 DWT
Civil air: 7 major transport aircraft
Airfields: 22 total, 19 usable; 4 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runway
8,000-11,999 ft., 9 with runways 4,000-7,999 ft.; 1 seaplane station
Telecommunications: telephone fair to good in urban areas; fairly good telegraph
services; 54,000 telephones; about 703,000 radio receivers; 16,000 TV
receivers; 2 AM, no FM, and 5 TV stations; 2 submarine cables
DEFENSE FORCES:
Major ground units: 2 brigades (6 infantry battalions, 1 reinforced airborne company,
1 mortar battery, 1 field engineer battalion, 1 reconnaissance battalion)
Military budget: for fiscal year ending 30 June 1971, $45,500,000; 8.8% of
total budget
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LAND:
2.5 sq. mi.
Land boundaries: 1 mi.
WATER:
Limits of territorial waters: 3 n. mi.
Coastline: 7.5 mi.
Language: English and Spanish are primary languages; Italian, Portuguese, and
Russian also spoken; English used in the schools and for all official purposes
Literacy: illiteracy is negligible
Labor force: approx. 14,800, including non-Gibraltarian laborers
Organized labor: 3,369, in 27 registered trade unions
PEOPLE:
Population: 28,000 (official estimate for 31 December
1969); males 15-49, about 6,000; about 3,000 fit for
military service
Ethnic divisions: mostly Italian, English, Maltese, and
Spanish descent
Religion: predominantly Roman Catholic
GOVERNMENT:
Legal name: Colony of Gibraltar
Type: U.K. colony
Capital: none
Legal system: English law; constitutional talks in July 1968; new system
effected in 1969 after electoral enquiry
Branches: parliamentary system comprised of the Gibraltar House of the Assembly
(15 elected members and 2 ex officio members), the Council of Ministers
headed by the Chief Minister, and the Gibraltar Council; the Governor is
appointed by the Crown
Government leaders: Governor and Commander in Chief, Adm. of the Fleet Sir
Varyl Begg; Chief Minister, Maj. Robert Peliza; Deputy Chief Minister,
Peter Isola
Suffrage: all adult Gibraltarians, plus other U.K. subjects resident 6 months
or more
Elections: every 5 years; last held in July 1969
Political parties and leaders: Association for Advancement of Civil Rights
(AACR), Sir Joshua Hassan; Labor, Sir Joshua Hassan; Independents, Peter
Isola; Integrationists (IWBP), Maj. Robert Peliza
Voting strength: In 1969, the AACR won 7 seats in the Assembly, the IWBP won 5,
the Independents won 3; a coalition between the latter two parties was formed
Communists: none known
Other political or pressure groups: the Housewives Association; the Chamber
of Commerce
ECONOMY:
Economic activity in Gibraltar centers on commerce and large British naval and
air bases. Nearly all trade in the well-developed port is transit trade and
port serves also as important supply depot for fuel, water, and ships' wares.
Recently built dockyards and machine shops provide maintenance and repair
services to 3,500-4,000 vessels that call at Gibraltar each year.
U.K. military establishments and civil government employ nearly half the insured
labor force. Local industry is confined to manufacture of tobacco, roasted
coffee, ice, mineral waters, candy, and\canned fish. Some factories for
manufacture of clothing are being developed. A small segment of local
population makes its livelihood by fishing. In recent years tourism has
increased in importance.
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Electric power: 29,170 kw. capacity (1970); 47 million kw.-hr. produced (1970),
1,500 kw.-hr. per capita
Exports: $4.0 million (f.o.b., 1968); principally reexports of tobacco,
petroleum, and wine
Imports: $19.8 million (1967)
Major trade partners: U.K., France, Spain, Netherlands, Italy, West Germany
Monetary conversion rate: 1 Gibraltar pound=US$2.40
COMMUNICATIONS:
Railroads: none
Highways: 19 miles, all paved
Inland waterways: none
Ports: 1 major
Civil air: 1 major transport aircraft (registered in U.K.)
Airfields: 1 permanent-surface runway, 4,000-7,999 ft.; 1 seaplane station
Telecommunications: international radiocommunication facilities; automatic
telephone system serving 5,600 telephones; 6,000 radio receivers; 6,600
television receivers; 1 AM, 1 FM, and 2 TV stations; 14 submarine cables
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LAND:
51,200 sq. mi.; 29% arable and land under permanent crops,
40% meadows and pastures, 20% forested, 11% wasteland,
urban, other (1966)
Land boundaries: 740 mi.
WATER:
Limits of territorial waters: 6 n. mi.
Coastline: 8,500 mi.
Ethnic divisions: 96% Greek, 2% Turkish, 1% Albanian, 1% other
Religion: 97% Greek Orthodox, 2.5% Muslim, 0.5% other
Language: Greek; English and French widely understood
Literacy: males about 92%; females about 73%; total about 82%
Labor force: 3.7 million (1967 est.); 50% agriculture, 15% industry, 9% trade,
26% other; unemployment and underemployment, 20% total in all fields;
shortage of skilled labor in nonagricultural sectors aggravated by large-
scale emigration
Organized labor: 10% of labor force
PEOPLE:
Population: 8,765,000, average annual growth rate 0.4%
(March 61-71); males 15-49, 2,143,000; 1,725,000 fit
for military service, about 69,000 reach military age
(21) annually
GOVERNMENT:
Legal name: Kingdom of Greece
Type: constitutional monarchy; power in hands of ex-military leaders since
April 1967
Capital:.Athens
Political subdivisions: 52 departments (nomoi) administered by the central
government (probably will be altered)
Legal system: based on Roman and Byzantine law, substantially altered by civil
codes of 1946-51; legal training at University of Athens; compulsory ICJ
jurisdiction not accepted
Branches: new constitution implemented in November 1968, except for certain
articles concerning individual rights, political activity, and powers of the
courts theoretically implemented through new legislation in 1969; however,
in practice repression of these rights still exists; Consultative Assembly
elected in 1970
Government leaders: King Constantine, head of state (in exile); Lt. Gen. George
Zoitakis, Regent; actual authority lies in hands of ex-military headed by
Georgis Papadopoulos, Prime Minister, Minister of Defense, and Foreign
Minister; Stylianos Pattakos, First Deputy Prime Minister; and Nikolaos
Makarezos, Second Deputy Prime Minister
Suffrage: universal age 21 and over
Elections: subject to scheduling of government
Political parties and leaders: political activities suppressed; party leadership
and organization in disarray
Communists: 12% of electorate in February 1964; hard-core elements imprisoned;
Communist Party (KKE) outlawed since 1947
Member of: EC (associate member), FAO, FUND, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, IHB,
ILO, IMCO, ITU, NATO, OECD, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO
ECONOMY:
GNP: $8.4 billion (1969), $950 per capita; 78% consumption, 22% investment;
1969 growth rate 8.5%, 1958 constant prices
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Agriculture: subject to droughts; main crops -- wheat, olives, tobacco, cotton;
nearly self-sufficient; food shortages -- livestock products; caloric intake,
2,960 calories per day per capita (1963)
Major industries: food processing, tobacco, chemicals, textiles, petroleum
refining, aluminum processing
Shortages: petroleum, minerals, feed grains
Crude steel: 210,000 metric tons produced (1969), 20 kg. per capita
Electric power: 2,614,000 kw. capacity (1970); 8,900 million kw.-hr. produced
(1970), 780 kw.-hr. per capita
Exports: $612 million (f.o.b., 1970); principal items -- tobacco, cotton, fruits,
metals
Imports: $1,696 million (c.i.f., 1970); principal items -- machinery and
automotive equipment, manufactured consumer goods, petroleum and
petroleum products, chemicals
Major trade partners: (1970) imports -- 43% EC, 14.5% sterling area, 15% U.S.,
6.4% CEMA countries; exports -- 40.4% EC, 10.7% sterling area, 15.6% U.S.,
16.5% CEMA countries
Aid:
economic (authorized) -- U.S., $1,887 million (1946-70), $14 million in 1970;
International Finance Corporation, $14.9 million through 1970; U.N. technical
assistance, $3.9 million through 1970; U.N. Special Fund, $8.2 million through
1970; IBRD, $32.5 million (1968-70), $20 million in 1970; Consortium, $40
million in 1966; EC (1964-70) $69.2 million;
military -?- U.S., $2,020 million (1946-70)
Monetary conversion rate: 30 drachmae=US$1 (official)
Fiscal year: calendar year
COMMUNICATIONS:
Railroads: 1,620 mi.; 980 mi. standard gage (4'8 1/2"), 610 mi. meter gage
(3'3 3/8"), 20 mi. I'll 5/8" narrow gage, 10 mi. 2'S 1/2" narrow gage
Highways: 24,200 mi.; 7,100 mi. paved, 9,100 mi. crushed stone and gravel
4,800 mi. improved earth, 3,200 mi. unimproved earth
Inland waterways: system consists of 3 coastal canals and 3 unconnected rivers
which provide navigable length of just less than 50 mi.
Pipelines: crude oil, 16 mi., refined products, 340 mi.
Ports: 17 major, 37 minor
Merchant marine: 1,419 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 13,296,900 GRT,
20,994,000 DWT; includes 52 passenger, 890 cargo, 234 tanker, 218 bulk,
25 specialized carrier; ethnic Greeks also own an estimated 18,421,000
GRT under other flags: about 16,192,000 GRT under Liberia, 732,000 under
Panama, 1,437,000 under Cyprus, 46,000 under Lebanon, 5,300 under Malta,
and 8,700 under Somali Republic
Airfields: 54 total, 47 usable; 32 with permanent-surface runways; 15 with
runways 8,000-11,999 ft., 10 with runways 4,000-7,999 ft.; 1 seaplane station
Civil air: 32 major transport aircraft
Telecommunications: fairly modern networks reach all areas on mainland and
islands; however, services generally inadequate; 881,000 telephones; 1.4
million radio receivers; 255,000 TV receivers; 27 AM, 6 FM and 12 TV stations;
9 submarine cables; communications satellite ground station
DEFENSE FORCES:
Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1970, $471 million; 26.3%
of central government budget
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LAND:
840,000 sq. mi.; less than 1% arable (of which only a
fraction cultivated), 83% permanent ice and snow,
16% other (1964)
WATER:
Limits of territorial waters: 3 n. mi. (fishing, 12 n. mi.)
Coastline: 27,400 mi. (approx., includes minor islands)
y
Labor force: 12,000; largely engaged in fishing and sheep breeding
PEOPLE:
Population: 49,000, average annual growth rate 2.2% (FY70);
males 15-49, included with Denmark
Ethnic divisions: 86% Greenlander (Eskimos and Greenland-
born whites), 14% Danes
Religion: Evangelical Lutheran
Language: Danish, Eskimo dialects
: 990/
Literac
GOVERNMENT:
Legal name: Greenland
Type: province of Kingdom of Denmark; 2 representatives in Danish parliament;
separate Minister for Greenland in the Danish cabinet
Capital: Godthaab (administrative center)
Political subdivisions: 3 counties, 19 communes
Legal system: Danish law; transformed from colony to province in 1953
Branches: legislative authority rests jointly with Crown and Danish parliament;
executive power vested in Crown, acting through provincial governor
responsible to Minister for Greenland; local affairs handled by provincial
council (Landsrad) subject to approval of provincial governor; 19 lower courts
Government leader: King Frederick IX; Governor N.O. Christensen
Suffrage: universal, but not compulsory, over age 21
Elections: held every 4 years (next 1975)
Political parties: Inuit (advocating close ties with Denmark); Sukaq (moderate
socialist, advocating more distinct Greenland identity)
ECONOMY:
GNP: included in that of Denmark
Agriculture: arable areas largely in hay; sheep grazing; garden produce
Fishing: catch 39,200 tons, $4.5 million (1969)
Major industries: mining, slaughtering, fishing, sealing
Electric power: 25,000 kw. capacity (1970); 49 million kw.-hr. produced (1970),
580 kw.-hr. per capita
Exports: $13.2 million (f.o.b., 1968); fish and fish products, nonmetallic minerals
Imports: $45.7 million (f.o.b., 1968); machinery and transport equipment,
petroleum and petroleum products, food products
Major trade partners: (1968) Denmark 83.5%, U.S. 7.6%, Venezuela 3.2%
Monetary conversion rate: 7.5 Danish Kroner=US$l
Fiscal year: 1 April - 31 March
COMMUNICATIONS:
Railroads: none
Highways: none
Ports: 7 major, 16 minor
Civil air: 2 major transport aircraft registered in Denmark
Airfields: 11 total, 8 usable; 3 with permanent-surface runways; 3 with runways
8,000-11,999 ft., 4 with runways 4,000-7,999 ft.; 7 seaplane stations
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COMMUNICATIONS (cont'd): 5 AM, 1 FM, and
Telecommunications: adequate domestircadandobinteroadcasrnattireceional provided by
radio; 2,950 telephones; 7,100
2 TV stations; 2 submarine cables
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LAND:
133 sq. mi. (Grenada and southern Grenadines); 47%
cultivated, 3% pastures, 12% forests, 20% unused but
potentially productive, 18% built on, wasteland,
other (1964)
WATER:
Limits of territorial waters: 3 n. mi.
Coastline: 75 mi.
PEOPLE:
Population: 96,000, average annual growth rate 0.6% (April
60-70)
1 f African-Negro descent
o
Ethnic di visions. main y
Religion: Church of England; other Protestant sects; Roman Catholic
Language: English; some French patois
Literacy: unknown
Labor force: 25,170 (1960); 40% agriculture, 30% unemployed or underemployed
Organized labor: 33% of labor force
GOVERNMENT:
Legal name: State of Grenada
Type: dependent territory with full internal autonomy as a British "Associated
State"
Capital: St. Georges
Political subdivisions: 6 parishes
Legal system: based on English common law
Government leaders: Premier Eric Matthew Gairy; U.K. Governor Dr. Hilda Bynoe
Suffrage: universal adult suffrage
Elections: every 5 years; most recent election August 1967
Political parties and leaders: Grenada United Labor Party (GULP), Eric Matthew
Gairy; Grenada National Party (GNP), Herbert A. Blaize
Voting strength (1967 election): GULP 53.9%, GNP 46.1%; Legislative Council
seats, GULP 7, GNP 3
Communists: negligible
Member of: CARIFTA
ECONOMY:
GDP: $22.0 million (1967), $220 per capita
Agriculture: main crops -- cocoa, spices, bananas
Electric power: 2,500 kw. capacity (1969); 8.75 million kw.-hr. produced (1969
est.), 82 kw.-hr. per capita
Exports: $5.1 million (f.o.b., 1968); cocoa beans, bananas, nutmeg, mace
Imports: $13.2 million (c.i.f., 1968); textiles, flour, clothing, miscellaneous
manufactured goods
Major trade partners: U.K. 37%, U.S. 9%, Canada 9% (1966)
Monetary conversion rate: 1.93 West Indies dollars=US$l (6 October 1971)
COMMUNICATIONS:
Railroads: none
Highways: 600 mi.; 380 mi. paved, 100 mi. gravel, crushed stone, or earth
surface; 120 mi. unimproved
Ports: 1 minor
Civil air: no major transport aircraft
Airfields: 4 total, 3 usable; 1 with asphalt runway 5,000 ft.
Telecommunications: automatic, islandwide telephone system with 2,700 telephones;
VHF island link to Trinidad; no data on radio or TV receivers; 1 AM station
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LAND:
687 sq. mi.; 25% cropland, 8% pasture, 19% forest, 48%
wasteland, built on; area consists of two islands (1970)
axa~no ~~~~ ?rAB~~~i~
5% Caucasian
Religion: 95% Roman Catholic, 5% Hindu, and pagan African
Language: French, Creole patois
Literacy: over 70%
Labor claboro,00%;of5laborlforcere' 25% unemployed
Organized
GOVERNMENT:
in the French
Legal name: Guadeloupe 3 deputies
Type: overseas department of France; represented by National Assembly and 2 deputies in the Senate
Capital: Basse-Terre
Political subdivisions: 3 arrondissements; 34 communes, each with a local y
elected municipal council appeal based
Legal system: French civil law system; highest court Gis a uiana,uand Martinique
in Martinique with jurisdictionoonted Guadeloupe, dPa~ise~legislative, popularly
Branches: executive, Prefecture app
elected council of 36 members; judicial, under jurisdiction of French legal
system
Government leader: Prefect Pierre Brunon
Suffrage: universal over age 21
Elections: General Councierel5ctclast1General CounciloelectionetookNpla~ea
Assembly, normally every years; Paul
in March 1970
Political parties and leaders: Union of Democrats for the Republic (UDR),
Greese; Communist Party of Guadeloupe (PCG) Henri Bangou; Socialist Party,
Henri Rodes;
leader unknown; Progressive Party of Guadeloupe (PPG), HIndependent Republicans, leader unknown UDR, 1 seat; Independent
Voting strength: PCG, 1 seat in French National Assembly;
Republicans, 1 seat (1968 election)
Communists: 2,000, 11,000 sympathizers rroup of National Organization of Guadeloupe
Other political or pressure groups:
(GONG)
WATER:
Limits of territorial waters: 3 n. mi.
Coastline: 190 mi.
PEOPLE:
Population: 337,000, average annual growth rate 1.8%
(FY67-69); males 15-49, included with France
Ethnic divisions: 90% Negro or mulatto, 5% East Indian,
GDP: $206 growth rate (1968 est.) 1%
ECONOMY: million (1968), per capita; real
,
Agriculture: main crops, sugarcane and bananas
Major industry: agricultural processing, sugar milling and-rum distillat(o970),
Electric power: 27,800 kw. capacity (1970);
213 kw.-hr. per capita bananas, rum
Exports: $38 million (f.o.b., 1970), sugar, stuffs, clothing and other consumer
Imports: $128 million (c.i.f.' 1970),
goods, raw materials and supplies, and petroleum
Major trade partners: exports -U S. 9%, GermanyS3%17Netherlands7Antilles 3%,
5%; imports - -- - France 70%,
Netherlands 3%, other 12% (1968)
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Monetary conversion rate: US$1=5.5187 francs (commercial), US$1=5.333 francs,
1 October 1971
Fiscal year: calendar year
COMMUNICATIONS:
Railroads: privately owned, narrow-gage plantation lines
Highways: 1,200 mi.;*780 mi. paved, 420 mi. gravel and earth
Ports: 1 major (Pointe-a-Pitre), 3 minor
Civil air: 1 major transport
Telecommunications: domestic facilities inadequate; international, approaching
saturation point; 11,400 telephones, 83% automatic; telegrams re-transmitted
by telephone; international radio-telegraph carries 5 telex circuits;
inter-island VHF radio links; 2 AM radio and 2 TV transmitters, with about
22,500 radio and 5,200 TV receivers
DEFENSE FORCES:
Defense is responsibility of France; data included with-France
Airfields: 6 total, 5 usable, 4 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runway
8,000-11,999 ft.; 1 seaplane station
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LAND:
42,040 sq. mi.; 14% cultivated, 10% pasture, 57% forest,
19% other (1967)
Land boundaries: 1,010 mi.
WATER:
Limits of territorial waters: 12 n. mi.
Coastline: 250 mi.
PEOPLE:
Population: 5,497,000, average annual growth rate 2.8%
(current); males 15-49, 11,348,000; 680,000 fit for
military service; about 60,000 reach military age
(18) annually
Ethnic divisions: 44% Indian, 56% Ladino (mestizo and Indian -- Westernized)
Religion: predominantly Roman Catholic
Language: Spanish, but over 40% of the population speaks an Indian language as
a primary tongue
Literacy: about 30%
Labor force: 1.5 million (1969); 63.2% agriculture, 12.4% manufacturing, 11.8%
services, 12.6% other, 2% unemployed; severe shortage of skilled labor;
oversupply of unskilled labor; of this total an estimated 10% are unemployed
at any one time
Organized labor: 6.5% of labor force (1969)
GOVERNMENT:
Legal name: Republic of Guatemala
Type: republic
Capital: Guatemala
Political subdivisions: 22 departments
Legal system: civil law system; constitution came into effect 1966; judicial
review of legislative acts; legal education at University of San Carlos of
Guatemala; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Branches: traditionally dominant executive; elected unicameral legislature;
7-member (minimum) Supreme Court
Government leader: President Carlos Arana
Suffrage: universal over age 18, compulsory for literates, optional for illiterates
Elections: next elections (President and Congress) March 1974
Political parties and leaders: Democratic Institutional Party (PID), Donaldo
Alvarez Ruiz; Revolutionary Party (PR), Alberto Fuentes Mohr (Sec. Gen.);
National Liberation Movement (MLN), Mario Sandoval Alarcon; Guatemalan
Christian Democratic Party (DCG), Danilo Barillas Rodriguez
PR 202 241 (32.5%), DCG
Voting strength: for President -- MLN-PID 251,135 (40%),
125,948 (20%) null, 7.5%; for congressional seats -- PR 16, MLN-PID 34, DCG 5
Other political or pressure groups: outlawed (Communist) Guatemalan Labor Party
(PGT), Bernardo Alvarado; Revolutionary Democratic Unity (URD), Francisco
Villagran Kramer
Member of: CACM, IADB, IAEA, ICAO, IHB, OAS, ODECA, U.N.
ECONOMY:
GNP: $2.0 billion (purchasing power parity estimate, 1969), $380 per capita; 79%
private consumption, 8% government consumption, 14% domestic investment, -1%
net foreign balance; real growth rate 1970, 5.6%
Agriculture: main products -- coffee, cotton, corn, beans, sugarcane, bananas,
livestock; caloric intake, 2,200 calories per day per capita (1967)
Fishing: catch 3,700 tons (1970)
Major industries: food processing, textiles and clothing, furniture, chemicals,
nonmetallic minerals, metals
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Electric power: 230,000 kw. capacity (1970 est.); 730 million kw.-hr. produced
(1970 est.), 137 kw.-hr. per capita
Exports: $298 million (f.o.b., 1970); coffee, cotton, meat, bananas, sugar,
textiles, tires
Imports: $284 million (c.i.f., 1970); manufactured products, machinery, trans-
portation equipment, chemicals, fuels
Major trade partners: exports -- U.S. 28%, CACM 29%, West Germany 10%, Japan
11%; imports -- U.S. 41%, CACM 20%, West Germany 10%, U.K. 17% (1968)
Aid:
economic -- extensions from U.S. (FY46-70), $171.3 million loans, $170.8
million grants; from international organizations (FY46-69), $108.8 million;
from other western countries (1960-68) $7.6 million;
military -- assistance from U.S. (FY46-70), $17.6 million
Monetary conversion rate: 1 quetzal=US$l (official)
Fiscal year: calendar year
COMMUNICATIONS:
Railroads: 550 mi., 3'0" gage; 510 mi. government owned, 40 mi.
privately owned
Highways: 7,600 mi., 1,300 mi. bituminous, 4,200 mi. gravel, 2,100 mi. improved
or unimproved earth (1965)
Inland waterways: 164 mi. navigable year-round; additional 458 mi. navigable
during high-water season
Pipelines: crude oil, 28 mi.
Freight carried: rail (1960) -- 191.8 million ton/miles, 1.1 million tons
Ports: 4 major, 1 minor
Merchant marine: 2 cargo ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 3,600 GRT, 5,400 DWT
Airfields: 476 total, 314 usable; 4 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runway
8,000-11,999 ft., 18 with runways 4,000-7,999 ft.; 1 seaplane station
Civil air: 112 major transport aircraft
Telecommunications: modern telecom facilities largely limited to Guatemala;
intercity open wire network; 38,500 telephones; est. 350,000 radio and
72,000 TV receivers, 77 AM, 25 FM, and 3 TV stations; construction plan for
satellite earth station canceled
DEFENSE FORCES:
Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1970, $15,904,000; about
8.6% of central government budget
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nirr rnr
LAND:
95,000 sq. mi.; 3.3% cropland, 10% forest (1969)
Land boundaries: 2,160 mi.
WATER:
Limits of territorial waters: 130 n. mi.
Coastline: 215 mi.
L e
anguag .
Literacy: 5% to 10%; French only significant written language
Labor force: 1.5 million, of which less than 10% are wage earners; most of
population engages in subsistence agriculture
Organized labor: virtually 100% of wage labor force loosely affiliated with the
National Confederation of Guinean Workers, which is closely tied to the PDG
PEOPLE:
Population: 3,965,000, average annual growth rate 2.6%
(FY67); males 15-49, 937,000; 450,000
fit for military service
Ethnic divisions: 99% African (3 major tribes - Fulani,
Malinke, Soussou; and 13 smaller tribes)
Religion: 80% Muslim, 19% animist, 1% Christian
French official: each tribe has own language
GOVERNMENT:
Legal name: Republic of Guinea
Type: republic; under one-party presidential regime
Capital: Conakry
Political subdivisions: 30 administrative regions, 204 arrondissements, about
8,000 local entities of village or district level
Legal system: based on French civil law system and customary law; constitution
adopted 1958; no constitutional provision for judicial review of legislative
acts; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Branches: executive branch dominant, with power concentrated in President's
hands and a small group who are both ministers and members of the party's
politburo; unicameral National Assembly and judiciary have little independence
Government leader: President Ahmed Sekou Toure, who has been designated
"The Supreme Leader of the Revolution"
Suffrage: universal over age 18
Elections: approximate schedule -- 5 years parliamentary, latest in 1968;
7 years Presidential, latest in 1968
Political parties and leaders: only party is Democratic Party of Guinea (PDG),
headed by Sekou Toure
Communists: no Guinean Communists have been identified, although there are some
sympathizers
Member of: FAO, ICAO, ILO, ITU, OAU, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO
ECONOMY:
GDP: about $275 million (1965), $80 per capita
Agriculture: cash crops -- coffee, bananas, palm products, peanuts, and pine-
apples; staple food crops -- cassava, rice, millet, corn, sweet potatoes;
livestock raised in some areas
Major industries: alumina, light manufacturing and processing industries,
bauxite
Electric power: 99,700 kw. capacity (1970); 239 million kw.-hr. produced (1970),
60 kw.-hr. per capita
Exports: export receipts, $56 million (FY69-70); alumina, coffee, pineapples,
bananas, palm nuts
Imports: $66 million (FY69-70); petroleum products, metals, machinery and
transport equipment, foodstuffs, textiles
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Major trade partners: Communist countries, Western Europe (including France),
U.S.
Monetary conversion rate: 247 Guinea francs=US$1 (provisional)
Fiscal year: 1 October - 30 September
COMMUNICATIONS:
Railroads: 500 mi. meter gage, 5 mi. standard gage
Highways: 6,000 mi.; 300 mi. paved, 2,000 mi. all weather, 3,700 mi. seasonal
(dry)
Inland waterways: 1,115 mi.; 310 mi. navigable by small oceangoing vessels,
805 mi. navigable by shallow-draft steamers and barges
Ports: 1 major, 2 minor
Merchant marine: 1 bulk carrier (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 10,764 GRT,
15,290 DWT
Civil air: 5 major transport aircraft
Airfields: 20 total, 15 usable; 1 with permanent-surface runway; 3 with runways
8,000-11,999 ft., 5 with runways 4,000-7,999 ft.; 3 seaplane stations
Telecommunications: limited telephone service; fair telegraph facilities;
6,500 telephones; 91,000 radio receivers; 1 AM, no FM, and no TV stations;
3 submarine cables
DEFENSE FORCES:
Military budget: for fiscal year ending 30 September 1970, $6,073,000; 8.0%
of total budget
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LAND:
83,000 sq. mi.; 1% cropland, 3% pasture, 9% savanna,
77% forested, 10% water, urban, and waste (1968 est.)
Land boundaries: 1,600 mi.
WATER:
Limits of territorial waters: 3 n. mi.
Coastline: 285 mi.
PEOPLE:
Population: 745,000, average annual growth rate 2.5% (April
60-70); males 15-49, 173,000; 119,000 fit for military
service
Ethnic divisions: 50% East Indians, 44% Negro and Negro mixed, 4% Amerindian, 2%
white and Chinese
Religion: 57% Christian, 33% Hindu, 9% Muslim, 1% other
Language: English
Literacy: 86%
Labor force: 175,000; about 75% agriculture, 10% mining, services, and
manufacturing, 15% other; 21% unemployed; shortage of technical and
managerial personnel
Organized labor: 25% of labor force
GOVERNMENT:
Legal name: Guyana
Type: republic within Commonwealth
Capital: Georgetown
Political subdivisions: 9 administrative districts
Legal system: based on English common law with certain admixtures of Roman-
Dutch law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Branches: Council of Ministers presided over by Prime Minister; 53-member
unicameral legislative National Assembly (elected); Supreme Court
Government leader: Prime Minister L.F.S. Burnham
Suffrage: universal over age 21
Elections: last held in December 1968; next elections 1973
Political parties and leaders: People's Progressive Party (PPP), Cheddi Jagan;
People's National Congress (PNC), L.F.S. Burnham; United Force (UF),
Feilden Singh
Voting strength (1968 election): 36.5% PPP, 55.8% PNC, 7.4% UF, 0.3% other
Communists: unknown; top echelons of PPP and PYO (Progressive Youth Organization,
militant wing of the PPP) include many Communists, but rank and file is
non-Communist
Other political or pressure groups: Justice Party, Guyana United Muslim Party,
Guyana All-Indian League, African Society for Cultural Relations with
Independent Africa, Progressive Youth Organization (PPP affiliate), Young
Socialist Movement (PNC affiliate), Guyana United Youth Society (UF
affiliate), Afro-Asian-American. Association, Committee for National
Reconstruction, Guyana National Party (GNP)
Member of: CARIFTA, FAO, GATT, IBRD, ICAO, IFC, ILO, IMF, ITU, Seabeds Committee
(observer), U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO5 WMO
ECONOMY:
GNP: $252 million (1970), $330 per capita; real growth rate 1970 (est.) 3%
Agriculture: main crops -- sugarcane, rice, other food crops; food shortages --
wheat flour, potatoes, processed meat, dairy products; caloric intake, 2,110
calories per day per capita (1965)
Fishing: catch 16,600 tons, $12 million (1970); exports $4.8 million (1970),
imports $1.5 million (1970)
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Major industries: bauxite mining, alumina production, sugar and rice milling
Electric power: 112,000 kw. capacity (1970 est.); 448 million kw.-hr. produced
(1970 est.), 578 kw.-hr. per capita
Exports: $131 million (f.o.b., 1970); bauxite, sugar, alumina, rice, shrimp,
molasses, timber, diamonds, rum petroleum
Imports: $134 million (c.i.f., 1970); manufactures, machinery, food, pe
Major trade partners: U.K. 28%, U.S. 23%, Canada 14%, Commonwealth Caribbean
countries 13% (1969)
Aid: economic -- extensions from U.S. (1953-70), $41.1 million loans, $21.3
million grants; from international organizations (FY46-70), $19.0 million
Monetary conversion rate: 2 Guyana dollars=US$l
Fiscal year: calendar year
COMMUNICATIONS: 18 mi. 3'6" gage
Railroads: 164 mi., all single track; 146 mi. 4'8 1/2" gage,
Highways: 750 mi.; 300 mi. paved, 400 mi. gravel, crushed stone, and bauxite
ore, 50 mi. earth and sand
Inland waterways: 3,700 mi.; Demerara River navigable to Mackenzie by ocean
steamers, others by ferryboats, small craft only
Ports: 1 major, 3 minor
Merchant marine: 1 bulk carrier (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 2,959 GRT, 3,149 DWT
Civil air: 6 major transport aircraft
Airfields: 102 total, 89 usable; 4 with permanent-surface runways; 12 with runways
4,000-7,999 ft.; 2 seaplane stations
Telecommunications: highly developed telecom system with multistation radio
relay network and over 13,500 telephones; tropospheric scatter link to
Trinidad; 200,000 radio receivers, 2 AM stations
DEFENSE FORCES:
Supply: mostly U.K., some U.S. equipment
Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1969, $2.35 million; 2.8%
of central government budget
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LAND:
10,700 sq. mi.; 31% cultivated, 18% rough pastures,
10% forested, 44% unproductive (1960)
Land boundary: 224 mi.
WATER:
Limits of territorial waters: 6 n. mi.
Coastline: 1,100 mi.
PEOPLE:
Population: 5,020,000, average annual growth rate 2.1%
(FY70); males 15-49, 1,256,000; 645,000 fit for
military service; about 47,000 reach military age
(18) annually
Ethnic divisions: over 90% Negro, nearly 10% mulatto, few whites
Religion: 10% Protestant, 75% to 80% Roman Catholic (of which an overwhelming
majority also practice Voodoo)
Language: French (official) spoken by only 10% of population; all speak Creole
Literacy: 10% to 12%
Labor force: 2.6 million (est. January 1968); 86% agriculture, 12% industry,
2% unemployed; shortage of skilled labor; unskilled labor abundant
Organized labor: less than 1% of labor force
GOVERNMENT:
Legal name: Republic of Haiti
Type: republic under the 14-year dictatorship of Francois Duvalier who was
succeeded upon his death on 21 April 1971 by his constitutional successor,
his son, Jean-Claude
Capital: Port-au-Prince
Political subdivisions: 5 departments (despite constitutional provision for 9)
Legal system: based on Roman civil law system; constitution adopted 1964 and
amended 1970; legal education at State University in Port-au-Prince and private
law colleges in Cap-Haitien, Les Cayes, Gonaives, and Jeremie; accepts
compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Branches: lifetime President, powerless unicameral 58-member legislature, judiciary
appointed by President
Government leader: Jean-Claude Duvalier
Suffrage: universal over age 18
Election: constitution provides for lifetime presidency; provisions for
presidential succession not specified in the constitution as amended in 1970;
legislative elections to be held every 6 years
Political parties: National Unity Party, only legal party; United Haitian
Communist Party (PUCH), illegal (Communist)
Voting strength (1967 legislative elections): 100% National Unity Party
(Duvalier)
Member of: GATT, IADB, IAEA, ICAO, IMF, IBRD, OAS, U.N.
ECONOMY:
GDP: about one-half billion U.S. dollars (purchasing power parity estimate,
1969), $100 per capita; economy has been stagnant in recent years, but some
growth probably occurred in 1969-70
Agriculture: main crops -- coffee, sugarcane, rice, corn, sorghum, pulses;
caloric intake, 1,850 calories per day per capita
Major industries: sugar refining, textiles, flour milling, cement manufacturing,
copper and bauxite mining, tourism
Electric power: 30,000 kw. capacity (1970 est.); 78 million kw.-hr. produced
(1969 est.), 16 kw.-hr. per capita
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Exports: $40 million (f.o.b., 1970 est.); coffee, bauxite, light industrial
products, sisal, sugar, copper
Imports: $42.0 million (f.o.b., 1970 est.); wheat, fish, vegetable oils, textiles,
petroleum products, industrial equipment, medical supplies, construction
materials
Major trade partners: U.S. 59%, EC 15%, Japan 6% (1967 est.)
Aid:
economic -- extensions from U.S., $34.1 million loans, $84.2 million grants
(FY46-70); international organizations, $26.0 million (FY46-70);
military -- U.S., $4.3 million (FY53-63)
Monetary conversion rate: 5 gourdes=US$l (17 August 1971)
Fiscal year: 1 October - 30 September
COMMUNICATIONS:
Railroads: 120 mi. 2' 6" gage, single-track, privately owned industrial line;
government line dismantled
Highways: 2,000 mi.; 325 mi. paved, 150 mi. otherwise improved, 1,525 mi.
unimproved
Inland waterways: negligible; about 60 mi. navigable
Ports: 2 major, 12 minor
Civil air: 4 major transport aircraft; 3 owned by the air force, 1 privately owned
Airfields: 30 total, 15 usable; 3 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with
runway 8,000-11,999 ft., 5 with runways 4,000-7,999 ft.; 2 seaplane stations
Telecommunications: all domestic facilities inadequate, international facilities
only slightly better; large-scale telephone expansion program; only 4,450
telephones, est. 282,000 radio and 8,000 TV receivers, 25 AM, 3 FM, and
1 TV stations
DEFENSE FORCES:
Military budget: for fiscal year ending 30 September 1970, $5,800,000; about
20.7% of operational budget
138
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 NIS 73 Approved For Release 2004108( ~OL?-RDP79-01051 A000400010002-1
43,300 sq. mi.; 27% forested, 30% pasture, 36% waste,
7% cropland (1966)
Land boundaries: 950 mi.
WATER:
Limits of territorial waters: 12 n. mi.
Coastline: 510 mi.
PEOPLE:
Population: 2,719,000, average annual growth rate 3.5%
(FY70); males 15-49, 669,000; 395,000 fit for military
service; about 28,000 reach military age (18) annually
Ethnic divisions: 90% mestizo, 7% Indian, 2% Negro, and 1% white
Religion: about 97% Roman Catholic
Language: Spanish
Literacy: 47% of persons 10 years of age and over
Labor force: approx. 800,000 (est. mid-1970); 66% agriculture, 12% services, 8%
manufacturing, 5% commerce, 6% unemployed, 3% unspecified
Organized labor: 7-10% of labor force (mid-1970)
GOVERNMENT:
Legal name: Republic of Honduras
Type: republic
Capital: Tegucigalpa
Political subdivisions: 18 departments
Legal system: based on Roman and Spanish civil law; some influence of English
common law; constitution adopted 1965; judicial review of legislative acts
in Supreme Court; legal education at University of Honduras in Tegucigalpa;
accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations
Branches: constitution provides for elected President, unicameral legislature,
and national judicial branch
Government leader: President Ramon Ernesto Cruz
Suffrage: universal and compulsory over age 18
Elections: May 1971, Nationalist Party candidate won election; next
election February 1977
Political parties and leaders: Liberal Party (PLH), Carlos Roberto Reina --
President of Central Executive Council, Jorge Bueso Arias, Modesto Rodas
Alvarado, Max Velasquez, Leonardo Godoy; Nationalist Party (PNH), Ramon
Ernesto Cruz, Ricardo Zuniga Augustinus, General Oswaldo Lopez Arellano,
Mario Rivera Lopez, Martin Aquero, Manuel Acosta Bonilla; Popular Progressive
Party (PPP-uninscribed), Gonzalo Carias Castillo; Orthodox Republican Party
(PRO-uninscribed), Roque Jacinto Rivera; Communist Party of Honduras
(PCH-outlawed), Dionisio Ramos Bejarano, Tomas Erazo Pena; Christian Democrat
(uninscribed), Miguel Andonie Fernandez, Napoleon Alcerro Olivia
Voting strength (1971 elections): Nationalist Party (PNH) 306,028; Liberal
Party (PLH) 276,777
Member of: IADB, ICAO, ILO, OAS, CACM, U.N.
ECONOMY:
GNP: $784 million (purchasing power parity estimate, 1970), $300 per capita; 76%
private consumption, 9% government consumption, 19% domestic investment; 2%
inventory, -7% net foreign balance; real growth rate 1970, 2.6%
Agriculture: main crops -- bananas, coffee, corn, beans, cotton, sugarcane,
tobacco; caloric intake, 2,300 calories per day per capita (1964-65)
Fishing: exports $1.4 million (1970); imports $0.5 million (1970)
Major industries: agricultural processing, textiles, clothing, wood products
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Electric power: 113,000 kw. capacity (1969 est.); 380 million kw.-hr. produced
(1969 est.), 150 kw.-hr. per capita
Exports: $170 million (f.o.b., est. 1970); bananas, coffee, corn, cotton, lumber,
minerals, beef
Imports: $220 million (c.i.f., est. 1970); manufactured products, machinery,
transportation equipment, chemicals, fuels
Major trade partners: exports -- U.S. 53%, West Germany 11%, CACM 11%; imports
-- U.S. 41%, CACM 25%, West Germany 5% Japan 8% (1970)
Aid:
economic -- extensions from U.S. (FY46-70), $65.6 million loans, $54.8
million grants; from international organizations (FY46-68), $118.5 million;
from other Western countries (1960-68), $5.3 million;
military -- assistance from U.S. (FY46-70), $8.1 million
Monetary conversion rate: 2 lempiras=US$l (official)
Fiscal year: calendar year
COMMUNICATIONS:
Railroads: 743 mi.; 443 mi. of 3'6" gage, 300 mi. of 3'0" gage
Highways: 3,000 mi.; 520 mi. paved, 1,240 mi. gravel, 520 mi. improved earth,
720 mi. unimproved earth
Inland waterways: 750 mi. navigable by small craft
Ports: 3 major, 9 minor
Merchant marine: 13 cargo ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 60,200 GRT, 57,200
DWT; all foreign owned and operated
Civil air: 23 major transport aircraft
Airfields: 212 total, 122 usable; 4 with permanent-surface runways; 8 with run-
ways 4,000-7,999 ft.; 2 seaplane stations
Telecommunications: improved, but still inadequate for all requirements; instal-
lation of radio relay system completed; over 12,500 telephones; 300,000
radio and 21,000 TV receivers; 59 AM, 5 FM, and 6 TV stations
DEFENSE FORCES:
Supply: traditional dependence on U.S. has for the time being shifted to
Western Europe
Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1971, $11,400,000; about
9% of'central government budget (includes the armed forces and the Special
Security Corps)
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 Approved For Release 2004/021KO IA-RDP79-01051A000400010002-1
LAND:
400 sq. mi.; 14% arable, 10% forested, 76% other (mainly
grass, shrub, steep hill country) (1970)
Land boundaries: 15 mi.
WATER:
Limits of territorial waters: 3 n. mi.
Coastline: 455 mi.
Religion: 10% Christian, 90% eclectic mixture of local religions
Language: Chinese, English
Literacy: 75%
Labor force (1969 est.): 1.52 million; 40% manufacturing, 28% services, 11%
construction, mining, quarrying and utilities, 11% commerce, 5% agriculture,
forestry, fisheries, and hunting, 6% communications, 2% other; under-
employment is a serious problem
Organized labor: 12% of 1969 labor force
PEOPLE:
Population: 4,026,000, average annual growth rate 2.3%
(March 61-71); males 15-49, 1,021,000; 790,000 fit for
military service; about 45,000 reach military age
(18) annually
Ethnic divisions: 98% Chinese, 2% other
GOVERNMENT:
Legal name: Colony of Hong Kong
Capital: Victoria
Type: U.K. crown colony
Political subdivisions: Hong Kong, Kowloon, and New Territories
Legal system: English common law
Branches: Governor assisted by advisory Executive Council; he legislates with
advice and consent of Legislative Council; Urban Council which alone includes
elected representatives, responsible for health, recreation, and resettlement;
New Territories divided into 4 districts, each presided over by a District
Officer advised by a locally elected Rural Committee; independent judiciary
Government leader: present Governor and Commander in Chief Sir David Trench is
scheduled to be replaced by C. M. MacLehose in late 1971
Suffrage: limited to 200,000 to 300,000 professional or skilled persons
Elections: every 2 years to select one-half of elected membership of Urban
Council; other Urban Council members appointed by the Governor
Political parties and leaders: Civic Association, Hu Pai-fu; Reform Club, B. A.
Bernacchi; Socialist Democratic Party, Sun Po-kong; Hong Kong Labour Party,
Tang Hon-tsai
Voting strength: (elected Urban Council members) Civic Association 4, Reform
Club 3, and 1 independent
Other political or pressure groups: Federation of Trade Unions (Communist
controlled), Hong Kong and Kowloon Trade Union Council (Nationalist Chinese
dominated), Hong Kong General Chamber of Commerce, Chinese General Chamber
of Commerce (Communist controlled), Federation of Hong Kong Industries,
Chinese Manufacturers' Association of Hong Kong
ECONOMY:
GNP: $3.6 billion 1970, $860 per capita
Agriculture: agriculture occupies a minor position in the economy; main crops --
rice, vegetables, dairy products; less than 20% self-sufficient; food
shortages -- rice, wheat
Major industries: textiles and clothing, tourism, plastics, electronics, light
metal products, food processing
141
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 Approved For Release 2004/08/31 : CIA-RDP79-01051AO00400010002-1
ECONOMY (cont'd):
Shortages: industrial raw materials, water, food
Electric power: 1,367,500 kw. capacity (1969); 4 billion kw.-hr. produced
(1969), 1,095 kw.-hr. per capita
Exports: $2.5 billion (f.o.b., 1970); including $477 million reexports; principal
products clothing, plastic articles, textiles, electrical goods, wigs,
footwear, light metal manufactures
Imports: $2.9 billion (c.i.f., 1970)
Major trade partners: 1970 exports -- U.S. 35%, U.K. 10%, Japan 7%, West
Germany 7%; imports -- Japan 24%, China 16%, U.S. 13%, U.K. 9%
Monetary conversion rate: HK$6.06=US$l
Fiscal year: 1 April - 31 March
COMMUNICATIONS:
Railroads: 22 mi. standard gage; government owned
Highways: 600 mi.; 410 mi. paved, 190 mi. gravel and crushed stone, or earth
Freight carried: rail -- 903,180 short tons (FY68)
Ports: 1 major
Merchant marine: 59 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 489,500 GRT, 728,300
DWT; includes 2 passenger, 38 cargo, 5 tanker, 11 bulk cargo, 2 specialized
carrier; ships registered in Hong Kong fly the British flag; over 400 Hong
Kong-owned ships are registered elsewhere
Civil air: 7 major transport aircraft
Airfields: 2 total, 2 usable; 2 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runway
8,000-11,999 ft., 1 with runway 4,000-7,999 ft.; 1 seaplane station
DEFENSE FORCES:
Defense is the responsibility of U.K.
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 NIS 1 gApproved For Release 2004/08/31H: CIA AR-RDP79-01051 A000400010002-1
Y
LAND:
35,900 sq. mi.; 60% arable, 14% other agricultural, 16%
forested, 10% other (1968)
Land boundaries: 1,395 mi.
PEOPLE:
Population: 10,358,000, average annual growth rate 0.3%
(current); males 15-49, 2,651,000; 2,134,000 fit for
military service; about 94,000 reach military age
(18) annually
Ethnic divisions: 96.3% Magyar, 2.5% German, 1.2% other
Religion: 67.5% Roman Catholic, 20% Calvinist, 5%
Lutheran, 7.5% atheist and other
Language: 96.2% Magyar, 2.5% German, 1.3% other
Literacy: 97%
Labor force: 5.0 million; 26% agriculture, 44% industry and building, 30%
other nonagricultural
GOVERNMENT:
Legal name: Hungarian People's Republic
Type: Communist state
Capital: Budapest
Political subdivisions: 19 Megyes (counties), 5 autonomous cities in county
status, 113 Jaras (districts)
Legal system: based on Communist legal theory, with both civil law system (civil
code of 1960) and common law elements; constitution adopted 1949; Supreme
Court renders decisions of principle that sometimes have the effect of
declaring legislative acts unconstitutional; legal education at Eotvos
Lorand Tudomanyegyetem School of Law in Budapest and 2 other schools of law;
has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Branches: executive -- Presidential Council (elected by Parliament); legislative
-- Parliament (elected by direct suffrage); judicial -- Supreme Court
(elected by Parliament)
Government leaders: Jeno Fock, Chairman, Council of Ministers; Pal Losonczi,
President, Presidential Council
Suffrage: universal over age 18
Elections: every 4 years
Political parties and leaders: Hungarian Socialist (Communist) Workers' Party
(sole party); Janos Kadar is First Secretary of Central Committee
Voting strength (1967 election): 7,086,596 (99.7%) for Communist-approved
candidates; 19,113 (0.3%) negative votes; total eligible electorate about
7.2 million
Communists: about 662,000 party members (November 1970)
Member of: CEMA, FAO, IAEA, ICAO, ILO, ITU, UNESCO, U.N., UPU, Warsaw Pact, WHO
ECONOMY:
GNP: $15.0 billion in 1970 (at 1969 prices), $1,450 per capita; 1970 growth
rate 2.4%
Agriculture: normally self-sufficient; main crops -- corn, wheat, potatoes,
sugar beets, wine grapes; caloric intake 3,100 calories per day
per capita (1966/67)
Major industries: mining, metallurgy, engineering industries, processed foods,
textiles, chemicals (especially pharmaceuticals)
Shortages: metallic ores (except bauxite), copper, high grade coal, forest
products
Crude steel: 3.11 million metric tons produced (1970), about 300 kg. per capita
Electric power: 2,930,000 kw. capacity (1970); 14.5 billion kw.-hr. produced
(1970), 1,405 kw.-hr. per capita
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ECONOMY (cont'd):
Exports: $2,317 million (f.o.b., 1970); 26% machinery, 21% industrial consumer
goods, 30% raw materials and semimanufactures, 23% food and raw materials
for the food industry (distribution for 1970)
Imports: $2,505 million (1970); 22% machinery, 10% industrial consumer goods,
57% raw materials and semimanufactures, 11% food and raw materials for the
food industry (distribution for 1970)
Major trade partners: $4,822 million (1970); 65% with Communist countries, 35%
with non-Communist countries
Monetary conversion rate: 11.74 forints=US$l (arbitrary commercial); 30
forints=US$1 (noncommercial)
Fiscal year: same as calendar year; economic data reported for calendar years
COMMUNICATIONS:
Railroads: 5,948 route mi.; 5,102 mi. standard gage, 824 mi. narrow gage
(mostly 2' 5 7/8"), 22 mi. broad gage (5'0"), 685 mi. double track, 486
mi. electrified; government owned (1970)
Highways: 18,300 mi.; 7,700 mi. paved, 9,700 mi. crushed stone or gravel, 900
mi. earth (1971)
Pipelines: crude oil, 330 mi.; natural gas, over 1,500 mi.
Inland waterways: 1,320 mi. (1971)
Freight carried: rail -- 125.4 million short tons (1970), 13.2 billion short ton/mi.
(1970); highway -- 440 million short tons, 3.7 million short ton/mi. (1970);
waterway -- 3.5 million short tons, 1.9 billion short ton/mi. (1970)
River ports: 2 principal (Budapest, Dunaujvaros); no maritime ports; outlets are
Rostock, East Germany and ports in Poland (1971)
Merchant marine: 18 cargo ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 33,200 GRT,
44,500 DWT
DEFENSE FORCES:
Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1971, 9.44 billion forints;
about 4.8% of total budget
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LAND:
39,750 sq. mi.; arable negligible, 22% meadows and
pastures, forested negligible, 78% other (1967)
WATER:
Limits of territorial waters: 4 n. mi. (fishing, 12 n. mi.
Coastline: 3,100 mi.
Religion: 95% Evangelical Lutheran, 3% other Protestant and Roman Catholic, 2%
no affiliation
Language: Icelandic
Literacy: 99%
Labor force: 80,000; 22.6% agriculture, forestry, fishing; 25.6% mining and
manufacturing; 10.7% construction; 12.8% commerce; 7.8% transportation and
communications; 15.2% services; and 4.0% other; unemployment is insignificant
Organized labor: 60% of labor force
PEOPLE:
Population: 207,000, average annual growth rate 1.1%
(December 65-70); males 15-49, 49,000; 41,000 fit for
military service (Iceland has no conscription or
compulsory military service)
Ethnic divisions: homogeneous white population
GOVERNMENT:
Legal name: Republic of Iceland
Type: republic
Capital: Reykjavik
Political subdivisions: 16 districts, 212 rural communes, 14 towns
Legal system: civil law system based on Danish law; constitution adopted 1944;
legal education at University of Iceland; does not accept compulsory
ICJ jurisdiction
Branches: legislative authority rests jointly with President and parliament
(Althing); executive power vested in President but exercised by cabinet
responsible to parliament; Supreme Court and 26 lower courts
Government leaders: President Kristian Eldjarn; Prime Minister Olafur Johannesson
Suffrage: universal, over age 20; not compulsory
Elections: parliamentary, every 4 years (next in 1975); presidential, every
4 years (next in 1972)
Political parties and leaders: Independence (conservative), Johann Hafstein;
Progressive, Olafur Johannesson; Social Democratic, Gylfi Gislason; Labor
Alliance (Communist front), Ragnar Arnalds; Organization of Liberals,
Hannibal Valdimarsson
Voting strength (1971 election): 36.2% Independence, 25.2% Progressive, 10.4%
Social Democratic, 17.1% Labor Alliance, organization of leftists and liberals
8.9%
Communists: 1,000; a number of sympathizers, as indicated by 18,055 votes cast
for Labor Alliance in 1971 election
Member of: Council of Europe, EFTA, FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, IHB,
ILO, IMCO, IMF, ITU, NATO, Nordic Council, OECD, Seabeds Committee, U.N.,
UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO
ECONOMY:
GNP: $383 million (1969), $1,860 per capita; 63.2% consumption, 26.8%
investment, 10.8% government, -0.8% net foreign balance (1969); 1968 growth
rate -5.0%, 1960 constant prices
Agriculture: potatoes, turnips, animals, dairy products, hay; food shortages --
grains, sugar, vegetable and other fibers; caloric intake, 2,900 calories
per day per capita (1964-66)
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 ECONOMY (cont'd): Approved For Release 2004/08/31 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000400010002-1
Fishing: catch 689,400 metric tons; exports $69.7 million, imports $0.4 million
Major industries: fish processing, aluminum smelting, diatomite production
Shortages: grain, fuel, wood, minerals, vegetable fibers
Electric power: 320,000 kw. capacity (1970); 1,351 million kw.-hr. produced
(1970), 3,800 kw.-hr. per capita
Exports: $107.6 million (f.o.b., 1969); fish and fish products, animal oils and
fats, aluminum
Imports: $123.4 million (c.i.f., 1969); machinery and transportation equipment,
petroleum, foodstuffs, textiles
Major trade partners: (1969) EFTA 39%, EC 21.5%, U.K. 13.3%, U.S. 18.1%, West
Germany 18.6%, U.S.S.R. 8.4%, Communist countries 11.9%
Aid: economic -- U.S. authorized (1946-70) $89.3 million, $2.0 million
(1968) $2.3 million (1969), none in 1970; IBRD $25.9 million through June
1970, none in 1968, authorized $4.1 million loan in 1970
Monetary conversion rate: 88 kronur=US$l (official)
Fiscal year: calendar year
COMMUNICATIONS:
Railroads: none
Ports: 5 major, 55 minor
Merchant marine: 23 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 57,700 GRT, 78,900 DWT;
includes 1 passenger, 19 cargo, 2 tanker, 1 specialized carrier
Civil air: 13 major transport aircraft
Airfields: 108 total, 93 usable; 4 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with
runway 8,000-11,999 ft., 15 with runways 4,000-7,999 ft.; 5 seaplane stations
Telecommunications: adequate domestic service provided by wire telephone and
telegraph system which circles island; good international radiocommunica-
tion service; 67,973 telephones; 62,000 radiobroadcast receivers; 38,000 TV
receivers; main AM and FM station in Reykjavik is relayed by 5 AM, 15 FM,
and 32 TV stations; 2 submarine cables
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LAND:
1,211,000 sq. mi. (includes Indian part of Jammu-
Kashmir, Sikkim, Goa, Damao and Diu); 50% arable,
5% permanent meadows and pastures, 20% desert,
waste, or urban, 22% forested, 3% inland water (1968)
Land boundaries: 8,430 mi.
WATER:
Limits of territorial waters: 12 n. mi. (fishing, 12. n.
mi.) (100 mi. is fisheries conservation zone,
December 1968)
Coastline: 3,300 mi.
PEOPLE:
Population: 556,193,000 (including Sikkim and the Indian-held part of disputed
Jammu-Kashmir, and excluding the several million refugees who entered India
from East Pakistan during 1971), average annual growth rate 2.2% (March
61-April 71); males 15-49, 133,049,000; 75,640,000 fit for military service;
about 6,014,000 reach military age (17) annually
Ethnic divisions: 72% Indo-Aryan, 25% Dravidian, 3% Mongoloid and other
Religion: 83.5% Hindu, 10.7% Muslim, 1.8% Sikh, 2.5% Christian, .7% Buddhist,
.8% other
Language: 24 languages spoken by a million or more persons each; numerous
other languages and dialects, for the most part mutually unintelligible;
Hindi is the national language and primary tongue of 30% of the people;
English enjoys "associate" status but is the most important language for
national, political, and commercial communication; Hindustani, a popular
variant of Hindi/Urdu, is spoken widely throughout northern India
Literacy: males 39%; females 18%; both sexes 29% (1971 census)
Labor force: about 220 million; 72% agriculture, more than 10% unemployed and
underemployed; shortage of skilled labor is significant and unemployment is
rising
Organized labor: 2.5% to 3% of total labor force
GOVERNMENT:
Legal name: Republic of India
Type: federal republic
Capital: New Delhi
Political subdivisions: 18 states, 10 union territories, 1 protectorate (Sikkim),
1 substate (Meghalaya)
Legal system: based on English common law; constitution adopted 1950; judicial
review of legislative acts; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with
reservations
Branches: parliamentary government, national and state; independent judiciary
Government leader: Prime Minister Indira Gandhi
Suffrage: universal over age 21
Elections: national and state elections ordinarily held every 5 years; may be
postponed in emergency and may be held more frequently if government loses
confidence vote; next general election to be held by March 1976, several state
polls by March 1972
Political parties and leaders: Indian National Congress split into two factions
in 1969, largest faction (the Ruling Congress) loyal to Prime Minister Gandhi
led by D. Sanjivayya, and smaller faction (the Organization Congress) led by
Sadiq Ali; Communist Party of India (CPI),
S. A. Dange, general secretary; Communist Party of India/Marxist (CPI/M),
P. Sundarayya, general secretary; Communist Party of India/Marxist-Leninist
(CPI/ML), Charu Mazumdar, Chairman; Swatantra, N. Dandekar, president (acting);
Bharatiya Jana Sangh, A. B. Vajpayee, president; The Socialist Party, Kappori
Thakur, chairman; Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK), N. Karunanidhi, president
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GOVERNMENT (cstren :
Voting strength (1971 election): C4n8/eCPI,15.2% OpI/M;z3t5%nSocialist5
7.4% BharatiYa Jana Sangh,
Parties, 3.7% DMK, 18.1% other
Communists: 70,000 members of CPI (est.), 70,000 members of CPI/M;
Communist sympathizers, 13 million
Commonwealth, FAO,UTAEA, ICAO, IDA, IFC, IHB, ILO,
Member of: ADB, Colombo Plan,
IMCO, IMF, Seabeds
ECONOMY: less than $100 per capita; real
GNP: $44 billion est. (year ending 31 March 1970),
average annual growth (1 April 1966 - 31 March 1970), 3.5%
Agriculture: main crops -- rice, other cereals, pulses, oilseeds,
cotton, jute, sugarcane, tobacco, tea, and coffee; largely self-sufficient
in foodgrains, but caloric intake is still low and diet is deficient in
protein $275 million (1969); exports 26.9 million
Fishing: catch 1.6 million tons (1970),
(1969), imports $61 thousand (1969)
Major industries: textiles, food processing
Crude steel: 6.1 million metric tons produced d)(15702
Electric power: 16, billion kw.-hr. produced
16,099,000 kw. capacity
(1970), 108 kw.-hr. per capita
Exports: $2 billion (f.o.b., FY70); tea, jute manufactures, iron ore, cotton
textiles, leather and leather products, iron and steel
Imports: $2.2 billion (c.i.f., FY70); machinery and transport equipment, grains
and flour
Major trade partners: U.S., U.K., U.S.S.R. and Eastern Europe, Japan
Monetary conversion rate: 7.5 rupees=US$l
Fiscal year: 1 April, stated year - 31 March
COMMUNICATIONS: 17,462 mi. broad gage,
Railroads: 36,188 mi.; 15,628 mi. meter (3'3 3/8") gage,
2,687 mi. (2'6'' and 2'0") narrow gage government owned; 411 mi. 2'6" and
2'0" gage privately owned; 5,555 mi. double track; 1,305 mi. electrified
Highways: 604,176 mi.; 101,117 mi. paved, 97,351 gravel or crushed stone, 169,480
improved earth, 236,228 mi. unimproved earth
Inland waterways: 8,410 mi.; 1,600 mi. navigable by river steamers
Ports: 7 major 53 minor
Merchant marine: 244 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 2,nker532,300 bGRT ulk, and
3,892,000 DWT; includes 3 passenger, 186 cargo, 2 8 specialized carrier
Airfields: 609 total, 373 usable; 190 with permanent-surface runways; 2 with
runway over 12,000 ft., 49 with runways 8,000-11,999 ft., 140 with runways
4,000-7,999 ft.; 4 seaplane stations
Telecommunications: fair domestic telephone service where available in and
between major cities; facilities and services diminish in quantity and
quality as size of communities decreases and distance between increases;
telephone distribution is less than 2 per 1,000 population; telegraph
TV limited to Delhi -- New
facilities widespread; AM broadcast adequate;
Delhi; international telephones and telegraph adequate; 1,159 279 telephones;
11.7 million radio and 24,833 TV sets; AM stations at 70 locations, 1 TV
station; submarine cables extend to Malaysia, Ceylon, and Aden
DEFENSE FORCES:
Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 March 1972, $1.66 billion; 21% of
total budget
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LAND:
736,000 sq. mi.; 11% small holdings and estates, 64% for-
ests, 25% inland water, waste, urban, and other (1970)
Land boundaries: 1,700 mi.
WATER:
Limits of territorial waters: 12 n. mi.
Coastline: 34,000 mi.
Ethnic divisions: 45% Javanese, 14% Sundanese, 7.5% Madurese, 7.5% Coastal Malays,
26% other
Religion: 90% Muslim, 4% Christian, 2% Buddhist, 2% Hindu, 2% other
Language: Indonesian (modified form of Malay) official; English, and Dutch
leading foreign languages
Literacy: 60% (est.); 72% in 6-16 age group
Labor force: 41 million; 70% agriculture, 15% industry, 15% miscellaneous and
unemployed
Organized labor: 10% of labor force
PEOPLE:
Population: 123,979,000 (including West Irian),
average annual growth rate 2.5% (FY68); males 15-49,
28,596,000; 16,300,000 fit for military service; about
1,486,000 reach military age (18) annually
GOVERNMENT:
Legal name: Republic of Indonesia
Type: republic
Capital: Djakarta
Political subdivisions: 26 first-level administrative subdivisions or provinces
which are further subdivided into 281 second-level areas
Legal system: based on Roman-Dutch law, substantially modified by indigenous
concepts; constitution of 1945 is legal basis of government; legal education
at University of Indonesia, Djakarta; has not accepted compulsory ICJ
jurisdiction
Branches: executive headed by President who is chief of state and head of
cabinet (president Suharto is concurrently Minister of Defense and Security);
cabinet selected by President; unicameral legislature (Parliament); of 460
members (100 appointed, 360 elected) second and larger body (Congress) and
460 other members (chosen by several processes, but not directly elected)
includes the legislature of 920 members, elects President and Vice President,
and theoretically determines national policy
Government leader: President Suharto (elected by Congress March 1968)
Suffrage: universal over age 17 and married persons regardless of age
Political parties and leaders: Golkar (quasi-official "party" based on functional
groups), S. Sokowati; Indonesian National Party (PNI), Mohamad Isnaeni
(acting); Nahdlatul Ulama (NU), Idham Chalid; Indonesian Muslim Party (PMI),
Mintaredja
Voting strength (1971 election): Golkar 236 seats (62.8%), NU 58 seats (18.7%),
PNI 20 seats (6.9%), PMI 24 seats (5.4%), PSII 10 seats, Parkindo 7 seats,
Catholic 3 seats, Perti 2 seats
Communists: Communist Party (PKI) was officially banned in March 1966; current
strength est. at 1,000, with less than 10% engaged in organized activity;
pre-October 1965 hard core membership has been estimated at 1.5 million
Minor legal parties: Catholic Party, Christian Party, Islamic Unity Party (PSII),
Association of Supporters of Indonesian Independence (IPKI), Islamic Unity
Party (PERTI), Murba
Member of: ADB, ASEAN, FAO, IAEA, ICAO, IHB, ILO, IMF, U.N. (resumed membership
in September 1966 and is now active in U.N. affiliated organizations), UNESCO
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 ECONOMY: Approved For Release 2004/08/31 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000400010002-1
GNP: $9.5 billion (1970), less than $100 per capita; real average annual growth
(1965-70) 3%
Agriculture: subsistence food production, and smallholder and plantation
production for export; main crops -- rice, rubber, copra, other tropical
products; substantially self-sufficient; food shortage -- rice
Fishing: catch 1.2 million tons (1969); exports $1.5 million (1969), imports $.6
million (1969)
Major industries: processing agricultural products and petroleum, textiles,
cement, mining
Electric power: 960,000 kw. capacity (1969); 2.35 billion kw.-hr. produced (1969),
20 kw.-hr. per capita
Exports: $1,181 million (f.o.b., 1970); petroleum, rubber, tin, copra, tea, coffee,
tobacco, palm oil
Imports: $1,145 million (f.o.b., 1970); rice, other foodstuffs, textiles, chemicals,
iron and steel products, machinery, transport equipment, consumer durables
Major trade partners: exports (1970) -- 16%'U.S., 55% Japan, 4% Singapore, 9%
West Germany; imports -- 22% U.S., 55% Japan, 9% West Germany, 13% Singapore
Monetary conversion rate: 415 rupiah=US$l
Fiscal year: 1 April - 31 March
COMMUNICATIONS:
Railroads: 4,364 mi.; 3,990 mi. 3'6" gage, 317 mi. 2'5 1/2" gage, 57 mi.
1'11 5/8" gage; 132 mi. double track; 74 mi. electrified; government owned
Highways: 57,460 mi.; 12,600 mi. paved, 25,200 mi. gravel or crushed stone,
19,660 mi. improved or unimproved earth
Inland waterways: 14,010 mi.; Sumatra 4,000 mi., Java and Madura 510 mi., Borneo
6,500 mi., Celebes 150 mi., and West New Guinea 2,850 mi.
Ports: 10 major, 62 minor
Merchant marine: 156 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 513,700 GRT, 620,100
DWT; includes 8 passenger, 118 cargo, 16 tanker, 11 bulk, 3 specialized
carrier -- includes 1 naval tanker and 5 transports sometimes used commercially;
a small proportion of the fleet is in overseas trade; in the interisland fleet
over two-thirds are commercially inoperable because of a chronic lack of spare
parts and trained personnel
Airfields: 330 total, 216 usable; 33 with permanent-surface runways; 8 with
runways 8,000-11,999 ft., 56 with runways 4,000-7,999 ft.; 11 seaplane
stations
Telecommunications: extensive police net for interisland service; international
and domestic service is limited; radiobroadcast coverage adequate but TV
available on Java only; 182,319 telephones; 3.2 million radio sets; 90,000
TV sets; AM stations at 53 locations; 1 FM and 5 TV stations; 2 submarine
cables to Singapore
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 NIS 33 Approved For Release 2004/08/IRANVCIA-RDP79-01051A000400010002-1
LAND:
636,000 sq. mi.; 14% agricultural, 11% forested, 16%
cultivable with adequate irrigation, 51% desert,
waste, or urban, 8% migratory grazing and other (1968)
Land boundaries: 3,305 mi.
WATER:
Limits of territorial waters: 12 n. mi.
Coastline: 1,580 mi.
Ethnic divisions: 63% Ethnic Persians, 3% Kurds, 13% other Iranian, 18% Turkic,
3% Arab and other Semitic, 1% other
Religion: 93% Shia Muslim; 5% Sunni Muslim; 2% Zoroastrians, Jews, and Christians
Language: Farsi (Persian), Turki, Kurdish, Arabic
Literacy: about 30% of those 10 years of age and older
Labor force: 7.5 million; 47% agriculture, 53% industry, commerce and services;
shortage of skilled labor substantial
Organized labor: 1.1% of labor force
PEOPLE:
Population: 29,912,000, average annual growth rate 2.9%
(FY70); males 15-49, 7,052,000; 4,170,000 fit for
military service; about 310,000 reach military
age (21) annually
GOVERNMENT:
Legal name: Empire of Iran (becoming obsolete)
Type: constitutional monarchy, actually controlled by the Shah
Capital: Tehran
Political subdivisions: 13 provinces and 6 independent governorates, subdivided
into counties, municipalities, and rural districts
Legal system: based largely on Belgian law, with elements drawn from other
continental systems; personal law based on Islamic practice generally with
residual traces of Roman law; constitution adopted 1906 and constitutional
law of 1907; High Court of Appeal may judge disputes relating to government
departments acting according to law; legal education at University of Teheran;
has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Branches: executive power rests in Shah who appoints a Prime Minister; Prime
Minister must be approved by lower house (Majlis); while Cabinet theoretically
responsibility of Prime Minister, Shah usually exerts strong influence over
its selection; bicameral legislature; Majlis has 268 seats (with 2 vacant
for islands of the Persian Gulf) elected to 4-year terms, and Senate 60
members serving 4-year terms; half of Senate members appointed by Shah,
other half elected; no provision for judicial review of constitutionality
of legislative acts
Government leaders: Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi and Prime Minister Amir
Abbas Hoveyda
Suffrage: universal over age 20
Elections: Majlis every 4 years; Senate every 4 years; latest national. elections
July 1971, district and provincial elections in September 1970
Political parties and leaders: New Iran Party, Manuchehr Kalali; Mardom (Peoples)
Party, Alinagi Kani; Iranians Party, Dr. Fazlollah Sadr; Pan Iranist Party,
Mohsen Pezeshkpur (apparently moribund)
Voting strength (1971 election): Majlis -- New Iran Party, 231 seats; Mardom
Party, 36 seats; Iranians Party, 1 seat; Senate -- New Iran Party, 28 seats;
Mardom Party, 2 seats; plus 30 seats appointed by the Shah; all candidates
government approved
Communists: 1,000-2,000 (hard-core, est.); sympathizers (15,000-20,000 est.);
mostly pro-U.S.S.R. but pro-Chinese faction developing
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GOVERNMENT (cont'd):
Other political or pressure groups: Tudeh Party (Communist, illegal); National
Front (coalition of neutralist urban elements virtually discredited because
of opposition to Shah's reform program); Confederation of Iranian Students
(illegal)
Member of: CENTO, Colombo Plan, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, IHB, ILO, IMCO,
IMF, ITU, OPEC, RCD, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO
ECONOMY:
GNP: $10.2 billion (1971 est.), $350 per capita; real GNP growth, FY70-71, 9.4% est.
Agriculture: dates, fruit, nuts, vegetables, grains, sugar beets, cotton, gum,
rice, sheep, and goats
Electric power: 2,842,000 kw. capacity (1970); 12 billion kw.-hr. produced
(1970), 410 kw.-hr. per capita
Exports: $2,360 million (f.o.b., 1970); 89% petroleum; also carpets, raw cotton,
fresh and dried fruits, hide and leather items, ores; Communist countries
(primarily U.S.S.R.) took about 4.5% of total exports
Imports: $1,632 million (c.i.f., 1970); machinery, iron and steel products,
chemicals, pharmaceuticals, electrical equipment; Communist countries
supplied 12% of commodity imports
Major trade partners: exports -- U.K., Japan, U.S., South Africa, U.S.S.R. and
other Communist countries; imports -- West Germany, U.S., U.S.S.R., U.K.,
Japan, Italy, France, Netherlands
Monetary conversion rate: 75.75 rials=US$l
Fiscal year: 21 March - 20 March
COMMUNICATIONS:
Railroads: 2,257 mi. mi. 4'8 1/2" gage
Highways: 24,309 mi.; 6,524 mi. paved, 10,637 mi. gravel and crushed stone,
7,148 mi. improved earth
Inland waterways: 565 mi., not including Caspian Sea and Shatt al Arab
Pipelines: crude oil, 2,351 mi.; refined products, 2,241 mi.; natural gas,
1,552 mi.
Ports: 7 major, 6 minor
Merchant marine: 13 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 129,700 GRT, 187,100 DWT;
includes 10 cargo, 3 tanker
Civil air: 17 major transport aircraft
Airfields: 225 total, 149 usable; 50 with permanent-surface runways; 6 with
runways over 12,000 ft., 15 with runways 8,000-11,999 ft., 50 with runways
4,000-7,999 ft.
Telecommunications: excellent international radiocommunications; good domestic
telecommunication facilities; 286,200 telephones; 1.8 million radio and
200,000 TV receivers; 17 AM, 2 FM, and 11 TV stations; satellite earth station
DEFENSE FORCES:
Military budget: for fiscal year ending 20 March 1972, $1,023.0 million; about
22.0% of total budget
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NIS 30
PEOPLE: average annual grow 200 000 fit
population: 9 5-70); males r15-49, 2,219,000; 1, , age (18) annually 7.7%
2.4% Turkomans, 7.7/
(October 65-70); ? Assyria
for military service; about1813% reach
0.7~lns,
Ethnic divisions: 70.9% Arabs,
other Muslim, 8% Christian, 2% other
Religion: 90% c, Kurdish minority speaks Kurdish
Language: Arabic, 6.7% government,
Literacy: 20% to 40% riculture, 6.5% industry,
Labor force: 2.4 million; 70% aghigh, but not serious severe causshoow
16.B% other; rural make underemployment to care for unemployed;
subsistence levels ma ersonnel
of technically trained p
Organized labor: 11% of labor force
GOVERNMENT: Republic of Iraq 1968
Legal name: Repocparty military regime established in July
Type: republic; a ointed officials
Capital: Baghdad 16 provinces under centrally pp civil law system
rts,
Political subdivisions: i review was
adopted in 1968; j
elsewhere; provisional based religious constitution adoy of Baghdad; suspended; legal education at University ewer since 1968 lutionary
coup
compulsory ICJ jurisdiction of Iraq has been in p
Branches: moderate wing of Ba'th Party Deputy Chairman of the Revo
Governmen8d leaders: SaddameTikratan al-Bakr;
Comma
Suffrage: no elective bodies exist hin 1958
Elections: none since overthrow
pressed nanddisorganized major opposition to
Communists: Communist Party parties banned, and Nasirist
pressure groups: political Communist Party
Political or of the Ba'th Party, officers
regime is from leftw me IFC, ILO, IMF, ITU, OPEC,
disaffected members of the regime and army
IAEA, IBRD,
groups, FAO,
Member of: UNESCOI, League, WHO, WMO
U.N. , ,
LAND: 18% cultivated, 68% desert, waste, or
mi.; land, 4% forest
172,000 sq?
urban, 10% seasonal and other grazing
and woodland mi.
Land boundaries: 2,280 WATER:
Limits of territorial waters: 12 n? mi.
Coastline: 36 mi.
th rate 3.2%
ECONOMY: $300 per capita largely self-sufficient
GNP: $2,693 million in 1969,
barley, rice, livestock;
Agriculture: dates, wheat, est producer in Middle East)
in food crude petroleum (fourth largest reduce (1970),
Major industry: (1970); 2 billion kw.-hr. p
Electric power: 740,000 kw. capacity
220 kw.-hr. per capita not including oil revenue of $513.3 million
f.o.b., 1970), 1969)
Exports. $63 million (f 26% from Communist countries (countri
c.i.f ? 1970oi -- U.S. 7%, Western Europ ean
imports : $509 million (C.i.f., (non oil) 4%,
-- U.S.
Major trade p es 4%,
partners: exp
Communist countries countries Arab 44%, Jcountriapan 3% Communist countries 26%, Arab
,
es 54%, other 20%; imports Western European ccountries 7%, other 16%
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Monetary conversion rate: 1 Iraqi dinar=US$2.80 (freely convertible); 0.357
Iraqi dinar=US$1
Fiscal year: 1 April - 31 March
COMMUNICATIONS:
Railroads: 1,408 mi.; 698 mi. 4'8 1/2" gage, 710 mi. meter (313 3/8") gage;
10 mi. meter gage double track
Highways: 12,900 mi.; 4,000 mi. paved; 2,900 mi. crushed stone, gravel, or
improved earth; 6,000 mi. earth and sand tracks
Inland waterways: 1,950 mi.; Shatt al Arab navigable by maritime traffic for
about 80 mi.; Tigris and Euphrates navigable by shallow-draft steamers
Ports: 3 major
Pipelines: crude oil, 2,860 mi.; 81 mi. refined products; 548 mi. natural gas
Merchant marine: 3 cargo ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 17,500 GRT, 24,500
DWT
Civil air: 6 major transport aircraft
Airfields: 162 total, 63 usable; 22 with permanent-surface runways; 31 with
runways 8,000-11,999 ft., 14 with runways 4,000-7,999 ft.
Telecommunications: fair international radiocommunication service; poor
domestic telephone and telegraph service; 119,600 telephones; 200,000 radio
receivers; 177,000 TV receivers; 4 TV and 4 AM stations
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LAND:
26,600 sq. mi.; 17% arable, 51% meadows and pastures,
3% forested, 2% inland water, 27% waste and urban
(1967)
Land boundaries: 224 mi.
WATER:
Limits of territorial waters: 3 n. mi. (fishing 12 n. mi.)
Coastline: 900 mi.
PEOPLE:
Population: 2,967,000, average annual growth rate 0.5%
(FY67-70); males 15-49, 674,000; 530,000 fit for military
service; about 28,000 reach military age (17) annually
Ethnic divisions: racially homogeneous Celts
Religion: 94% Roman Catholic, 4% Episcopalian, 2% other
Language: English and Gaelic official; English is generally spoken
Literacy: 98%-99%
Labor force: about 1,130,000; 28% agriculture, forestry, fishing; 19% manufac
turing; 15% commerce; 6% construction; 5% transportation; 4% government;
18% other
Organized labor: 36% of labor force
GOVERNMENT:
Legal name: Republic of Ireland, Eire (Gaelic)
Type: republic
Capital: Dublin
Political subdivisions: 26 counties
Legal system: based on English common law, substantially modified by indigenous
concepts; constitution adopted 1937; judicial review of legislative acts in
Supreme Court; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Branches: elected President; bicameral parliament reflecting proportional and
vocational representation; judiciary appointed by President on advice of
government
Government leader: Taoiseach (Prime Minister) John (Jack) Lynch
Suffrage: universal over age 21
Elections: Dail (lower house) elected every 5 years -- last election June 1969;
President elected for 7-year term
Political parties and leaders: Fianna Fail, John (Jack) Lynch; Labor Party,
Brendan Corish; Fine Gael, Liam Cosgrave; Irish Workers' Party (Communist),
Michael O'Riordan
Voting strength (1969 election): 75 seats Fianna Fail, 50 seats Fine Gael,
18 seats Labor Party, 10 Independents
Communists: approximately 200
Member of: Council of Europe, FAO, IBRD, ICAO, ILO, IMCO, IMF, ITU, U.N., UNESCO,
UPU, WHO, WMO
ECONOMY:
GNP: $3,950 million (1970 est.), $1,350 per capita; 67.3% consumption, 22.5%
investment, 13.9% government; -3.7% net export of goods and services;
1970 real growth rate 1.4% est., 1958 constant prices
Agriculture: about 2/3 of agricultural area used for permanent hay and pasture;
main products -- livestock and dairy products, barley, potatoes, sugar beets,
wheat; 85% self-sufficient; food shortages -- grains, fruits, vegetables;
caloric intake 3,450 calories per day per capita (1968)
Fishing: catch 66,200 tons, $13.7 million (1969); exports of fish and fish products
$6.7 million (1968), imports of fish and fish products $6.2 million (1968)
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 ECONOMY (cont'd): Approved For Release 2004/08/31 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000400010002-1
Major industries: food products, brewing, textiles and clothing, machinery and
transportation equipment
Shortages: coal, petroleum, timber and woodpulp, steel and nonferrous metals,
fertilizers, cereals and animal feeds, textile fibers and textiles
Crude steel:.67,000 metric tons produced in 1968, 20 kilograms per capita
Electric power: 1,500,000 kw. capacity (1970); 5,652 million kw.-hr. produced
(1970), 1,555 kw.-hr. per capita
Exports: $1,034 million (f.o.b., 1970); live animals, meat, textile products,
clothing, machinery, dairy products, chemicals
Imports: $1,570 million (c.i.f., 1970); machinery, chemicals, textiles,
transportation equipment, petroleum, metal manufactures, cereals
Major trade partners: 14.5% EC, 5.4% West Germany, 62.7% EFTA, 58.4% U.K., 8.2% U.S.,
1.5% Communist countries (1970)
Aid: economic -- U.S., $193 million authorized (FY49-70), no activity (FY55-66),
$46.5 million authorized (FY67-70), $14.7 million authorized in FY69, none
authorized in FY70; IBRD $14.5 million authorized (FY69), none authorized in
FY70
Monetary conversion rate: 1 Irish pound=US$2.40 (official)
Fiscal year: 1 April - 31 March
COMMUNICATIONS:
Railroads: 1,332 mi., 5'3" gage; government-owned
Highways: 53,700 mi.; 46,950 mi. surfaced, 6,750 mi. earth
Inland waterways: approx. 650 mi.
Ports: 6 major, 38 minor
Merchant marine: 17 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 139,000 GRT, 193,000
DWT; includes 4 cargo, 5 bulk, 3 specialized carrier
Civil air: 22 major transport aircraft
Airfields: 28 total, 23 usable; 7 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runway
8,000-11,999 ft., 4 with runways 4,000-7,999 ft.; 1 seaplane station
Telecommunications: small, modern system; all cities interconnected for telephone
and telegraph service and broadcast netting; 287,100 telephones; 700,000
radiobroadcast receivers; 438,000 TV receivers; 3 AM, 9 FM, and 20 TV stations;
12 submarine cables
DEFENSE FORCES:
Supply: formerly from the U.K. primarily, but since 1961 from other European
countries
Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 March 1970, $38.3 million; about
3.7% of the central government budget
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LAND:
116,300 sq. mi.; 51% arable, 17% meadow and pasture, 20%
forest, 3% unused but potentially productive, 9%
inland water, waste, urban (1968)
Land boundaries: 1,058 mi.
WATER:
Limits of territorial waters: 6 n. mi. (fishing, 12 n. mi.)
Coastline: 3,105 mi.
military service; 407,000 reach military age (18) annually
Ethnic divisions: a composite of the Mediterranean, Alpine, Adriatic, and Nordic
racial types; Mediterranean type predominates in southern and insular Italy
Religion: almost 100% nominally Roman Catholic (de facto state religion)
Language: Italian; parts of Trentino-Alto Adige Region (e.g., Bolzano) are
predominantly German speaking; significant French-speaking minority in Valle
d'Aosta Region; Slovene-speaking minority in the Trieste-Gorizia area
Literacy: 5-7% of population illiterate (1967); illiteracy varies widely by region
Labor force: 19,752,000 (October 1970); 18.9% agriculture, 42.0% industry,
37.2% other, 3.1% unemployed; underemployment, particularly in southern
Italy, remains widespread; 1.5 million Italians employed in other Western
European countries
Organized labor: 20% (est.) of labor force
PEOPLE:
Population: 4,174,000 average annual growth rate 0.8%
(FY61-67); males 15-49, 13,448,000; 11,310,000 fit for
GOVERNMENT:
Legal name: Italian Republic
Type: republic
Capital: Rome
Political subdivisions: constitution provides for establishment of 20 regions;
5 (Sicilia, Sardegna, Trentino-Alto Adige, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, and Valle
d'Aosta) have been created and are functioning; some but not all aspects of
enabling legislation providing for remaining 15 regions have been enacted;
93 provinces
Legal system: based on civil law system, with ecclesiastical law influence;
constitution came into effect 1 January 1948; judicial review of legislative
acts in Constitutional Court; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Branches: executive -- President empowered to dissolve Parliament and call national
election; he is also Commander of the Armed Forces and presides over the
Supreme Defense Council; otherwise, authority to govern invested in Council
of Ministers; legislative power invested in bicameral, popularly elected
Parliament; Italy has an independent judicial establishment
Government leaders: President Giuseppe Saragat; Premier Emilio Colombo
Suffrage: universal over age 21 (except in Senatorial elections where minimum
age of voter is 25)
Elections: national elections for Parliament held every 5 years (most recent,
May 1968); provincial and municipal elections held every 5 years with some
out of phase; regional elections every 5 years
Political parties and leaders: Christian Democratic party (DC), Arnaldo Forlani
(party secretary) Emilio Colombo (Premier), Aldo Moro, Amintore Fanfani
(Senate President); Communist Party (PCI), Luigi Longo, Enrico Berlinguer;
Italian Socialist Party (PSI), Pietro Nenni (ex-party secretary), Francesco
De Martino (Vice Premier), Unitary Socialist Party (PSU), Mauro Ferri (party
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Political parties and leaders (cont'd): pSIUP), Tullio Vecchietti,
secretary); Socialist Party of Proletarian Unity
Liberal Party (PLI), Giovanni Malagodi; Italian Social Movement (MSI),
Giorgio Almirante; Italian Democratic Party of Monarchist Unity (PDIUM),
Alfredo Covelli; Republican Party (PRI), Ugo La Malfa
Voting strength (1968 election): 39.1% DC, 26.9% PCI, 14.5% PSI, 5.8% PLI, 4.5%
PSIUP, 4.5% MSI, 2% PRI, 1.3% PDIUM, 1.4% other
Communists: 1,500,000 members; number of sympathizers cannot be determined
Other political or pressure groups: the Vatican, whose influence on the Christian
Democratic party is important factor in that party's policies; three major
trade union confederations (CGIL -- Communist dominated, CISL -- Christian
Democratic, and UIL -- Social Democratic and Republican); Italian manufac-
turers association (Confindustria); organized farm groups
BLO, IMCO, IMF, ITU, NATO,
Member of: UNESCO, UPU, EA WHO, H WMO
Seabeds Committee,
ECONOMY:
GNP: $93.2 billion (1970), $1,740 per capita; 63.9% consumption, 22.7% investment,
12.7% government, net foreign balance 0.7% (1970); 1970 provisional growth
rate 5.1%, 1963 constant prices
Agriculture: important producer of fruits and vegetables; main crops -- cereals,
potatoes, olives; 95% self-sufficient; food shortages -- fats, meat, fish,
and eggs; caloric intake, 3,100 calories per capita (1970)
Fishing: catch 353,100 metric tons (1969), $196,558,000 (1969); exports $8,142,000
(1969), imports $131,715,000 (1969)
Major industries: machinery and transportation-equipment, iron and steel,
chemicals, food processing, textiles
Shortages: coal, fuels, minerals
Crude steel: 17.3 million metric tons produced (1970), 320 kilograms per capita
Electric power: 33 million kw. capacity (1970); 115,600 million kw.-hr.
produced (1970), 2,200 kw.-hr. per capita
Exports: $13.2 billion (f.o.b., 1970); principal items -- machinery and
transport equipment, textiles, foodstuffs, chemicals
Imports: $14.8 billion (c.i.f., 1970); principal items -- machinery and
transport equipment, foodstuffs, ferrous and nonferrous metals, wool, cotton
Major 4% trade
Belgium-Luxembourg, Netherlands a3% Switzerland; 6%
Communist countries
Aid:
economic -- U.S., $3,893 million (FY46-70), $121.8 million authorized FY ;
IBRD, $398 million authorized through FY68, none since FY65; International
Finance Corporation, $1 million authorized through FY67, none since FY60;
military -- U.S., $2,466 million (FY46-69), $62.4 million authorized in
FY68 (Export-Import Bank credits), none in FY69
Monetary conversion rate: 625 lira=US$l (official); as of 30 September 1971 the
actual rate was 612 lira=US$l
Fiscal year: calendar year
COMMUNICATIONS:
1 490 mi. 3'l 3/8" gage, 2,860
Railroads: 12,890 mi.; 11,390 mi. 4'8 1/2" gage, ,
mi. double track 4' 8 1/2" gage, 120 mi. double track 3' 1 3/8" gage, 5,712
mi. electrified 4' 8 1/2" gage, 320 mi. electrified 3' 1 3/8" gage
Highways: 126,500 mi.; state highways 25,985 mi., provincial highways 45,850 mi.,
communal highways 54,665 mi.; 60,200 mi. concrete, bituminous, or stone block,
66,300 mi. gravel and crushed stone
Inland waterways: 2,547 mi. navigable routes; 1,180 mi. are rivers and
canals, 1,367 mi. are lake routes
Pipelines: crude oil, 1,100 mi.; refined products, 655 mi.; natural gas, 3,600 mi.
Ports: 16 major, 148 minor
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COMMUNICATIONS (cont d : 1 000 GRT or over) totaling 7,U
es664 passenger, 243 cargo, 164 tanker, 122 bulk, 53 specialized
MerchDWTt marine
carrier 2 with
Civil air: 130 major transport aircraft permanent-surface runways;
Airfields: 227 total, 151 usable; 81 with p 49 with rnunways over 12,000 ft., 24 with runways 8,000-11,999 ft., runways
evision
4,000-7,999 ft.; 11 seaplane stations e Telecommunications: well engineered,2e5lmconitru tedi, aand nd 9.6 6illion to el as
receivers; 8.53 million telephones; 1
with ndrostation a ter
receivers; 68 AM, 16FM, communication stations,
satellite grou
stations; 9 submarine DEFENSE FORCES: 31 December 1971, $2.65 billion; about
Military budget: for fiscal year ending
12% of central government budget
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LAND:
125,000 sq. mi.; 40% forest and woodland, 8% cultivated,
52% grazing, fallow, and waste, 200 mi. of lagoons
and connecting canals along eastern coast (1970)
Land boundaries: 2,005 mi.
WATER:
Limits of territorial waters: 12 n. mi.
Coastline: 320 mi.
PEOPLE:
Population: 4,471,000, average annual growth rate 2.5%
(current); males 15-49, 1,521,000; 455,000 fit for
military service
Ethnic divisions: 7 major indigenous ethnic groups; no single tribe more than
15% of population; most important are Agni, Baoule, Krou, Senoufou, Mandingo;
approx. 1 million foreign Africans, mostly Voltaics; about 33,000 non-Africans
(25,000 French)
Religion: 67% animist, 22% Muslim, 11% Christian
Language: French official, over 60 native dialects, Dioula most widely spoken
Literacy: about 20%
Labor force: over 85% of population engaged in agriculture, forestry, livestock
raising;"about 11% of labor force are wage earners, nearly half in agricul-
ture, remainder in government, industry, commerce, and professions
Organized labor: 20% of wage labor force
GOVERNMENT:
Legal name: Republic of Ivory Coast
Type: republic, one-party presidential regime
Capital: Abidjan
Political subdivisions: 6 departments subdivided into 127 subprefectures
Legal system: based on French civil law system and customary law; constitution
adopted 1960, amended 1963; judicial review in the Constitutional Chamber
of the Supreme Court; legal education at Abidjan School of Law; has not
accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Branches: President has sweeping powers, unicameral legislature, separate
judiciary
Government leader: President Felix Houphouet-Boigny
Suffrage: universal over age 21
Elections: uncontested Presidential and legislative elections held in November
1965; similar elections held November 1970
Political parties and leaders: Parti Democratique de la Cote d'Ivoire (PDCI),
(only party); official party leader is Secretary General Philippe Yace, but
Houphouet-Boigny is in control
Communists: no Communist party; some Communists and probably some sympathizers
Member of: EAMA, Entente, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ILO, IMCO, IMF, ITU, OAU, OCAM,
U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO
ECONOMY:
GDP: $1.5 billion (1970), $350 per capita (1970); average annual growth
rate 1960-670, 8%
Agriculture: commercial -- coffee, wood, cocoa, bananas, pineapples, palm oil;
food crops -- corn, millet, yams, rice; other commodities -- cotton, rubber,
tobacco, fish; self-sufficient in most foodstuffs, but rice, sugar, and meat
imported
Fishing: catch 70,000 tons (1970), $12.7 million (1969); exports. $1.6 million
(1969), imports $1.9 million (1969)
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Major industries: food and lumber processing, oil refinery, automobile assembly
plant, texiltes, soap, flour mill, matches, three small shipyards
Electric power: 180,000 kw. capacity (1970); 540 million kw.-hr. produced (1970),
128 kw.-hr. per capita
Exports: $470 million (f.o.b., 1970); coffee, tropical woods, cocoa, 76% of total;
bananas, pineapples, palm oil
Imports: $389 million (c.i.f., 1970); consumer goods 44%, raw materials and fuels
8%, manufactured goods and semi-finished products, 48%
Major trade partners: France and other EC countries about 65%, U.S. 13%, Communist
countries about 1%
Aid:
economic -- France (1960-69) $312 million; EC $123 million, including 1971
commitments; U.S. (FY61-70), $85.6 million; others (1960-71), $76 million,
including $18.5 million comitted; no Communist aid programs
military -- non-Communist countries, $7.3 million (1954-67)
Monetary conversion rate: 1 Communaute Financiere Africaine franc=0.02 French
francs (prior to 13 August 1971, 277 CFA francs=US$1)
Fiscal year: calendar year
COMMUNICATIONS:
Railroads: 408 mi. of the 728 mi. Abidjan to Ouagadougou, Upper Volta line, all
single track meter gage; only diesel locomotives in use
Highways: 24,600 mi.; 800 mi. bituminous and bituminous-surface treatment;
11,200 mi. gravel, crushed stone, laterite, and improved earth; 12,600
mi. unimproved earth roads
Inland waterways: 460 mi. navigable rivers and numerous coastal lagoons
Ports: 2 major, 3 minor
Merchant marine: 11 cargo ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 79,100 GRT, 122,800
DWT
Civil air: 15 major transport aircraft
Airfields: 49 total, 43 usable; 3 with permanent-surface runways; 3 with runways
8,000-11,999 ft., 6 with runways 4,000-7,999 ft.; 1 seaplane station
Telecommunications: system only slightly above African average; consists of
open-wire lines and radio relay links, which provide incomplete coverage of
country; Abidjan is only center; 24,800 telephones; 75,000 radio and
10,500 TV receivers; 3 AM, no FM, and 4 TV stations; 2 submarine cables
DEFENSE FORCES:
Supply: dependent on France
Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1971, $18,550,000; about
4.9% of total budget
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LAND:
4,410 sq. mi.; 21% arable, 23% meadows and pastures, 19%
forested, 37% waste, urban, or other (1964)
WATER:
Limits of territorial waters: 12 n. mi:
Coastline: 635 mi.
PEOPLE:
Population: 1,909,000, average annual growth rate 1.5%
(April 60-70); males 15-49, 401,000 270,000 fit for
military service; no conscription; average number
currently reaching minimum volunteer age (18) 22,000
Ethnic divisions: African 76.3%, Afro-European 15.1%, European 0.8%, Chinese
and Afro-Chinese 1.2%, East Indian and Afro-East Indian 3.4%, other 3.2%
Religion: predominantly Protestant, some Roman Catholic (12%), some spiritualist
cults
Language: English
Literacy: Ministry of Education estimates between 43% and 57% of adult population
truly literate
Labor force: about 687,000; 33% in agriculture, 1% forestry and fishing, 13%
manufacturing, 7% construction, 8% commerce, 2% transportation and communi-
cations, 13% services, 23% unaccounted for; 16% to 18% (est.) unemployed
(seasonal unemployment in agriculture can push the unemployment figure to
25%); shortage of technical and managerial personnel
Organized labor: about 25% of labor force (1966)
GOVERNMENT:
Legal name: Jamaica
Type: independent state within Commonwealth since August 1962, recognizing
Elizabeth II as head of state
Capital: Kingston
Political subdivisions: 12 parishes and the Kingston-St. Andrew corporate area
Legal system: based on English common law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ
jurisdiction
Branches: cabinet headed by Prime Minister; 53-member elected House of Represent-
atives; 21-member Senate (13 nominated by the Prime Minister, 8 by opposition
leader); judiciary follows British tradition under a Chief Justice
Government leader: Prime Minister Hugh Shearer
Suffrage: universal, age 21 and over
Elections: at discretion of Governor-General upon advice of Prime Minister but
within 5 years; latest held 21 February 1967
Political parties and leaders: Jamaica Labor Party (JLP), Sir Alexander
Bustamante, Hugh Shearer; People's National Party (PNP), Michael Manley
Voting strength (1969 local elections): 48.59% JLP, 51.54% PNP, 0.24% other
Communists: a few hundred Marxist and Communist sympathizers
Other political or pressure groups: New World Group (Caribbean regionalists,
nationalists, and leftist intellectual fraternity); Rastafarians (Negro
religious/racial cultists, pan-Africanists); New Creation International
Peacemakers Tabernacle (leftist group)
Member of: CARIFTA, FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IFC, ILO, IMF, OAS, Pan
American Health Organization, Seabeds Committee (observer), U.N.; wishes to
gain Associated Overseas Territory status with EC if U.K. joins
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ECONOMY:
million (1970), $590 per capita; real growth rate pimento,
GNP: $1,177.6 coconuts,
Agriculture: main crops -- sugarcane, citrus fruits, bananas, , p p
coffee, cocoa
Major industries: bauxite, textiles, food Op rocejsing27lightlmanufacture5, tourism kw.-h. ced
Electric ower: 550,000 kw. capacity
(1969 , 650 kw.-hr. per capita bananas, citrus
bauxite, sugar,
Exports: $340 million (f.o.b., 1970); alumina,
fruits and fruit products, rum, cocoa transportation and electrical
Imports: $522 million (c.i.f., 1970); machinery,
equipment, food, fuels, fertilizer
Major trade partners: exports -- U.S. 52%, U.K. 16%, Canada 8%, Norway 8%;
imports -- U.S. 43%, U.K. 19%, Canada 9% (1970)
Aid: $43.2 million in loans; (AID
economic -- extensions from U.S. (FY56-70), $43$4 on ii grants
(A (AID
$10.7 million, Import-Export Bank $32.5 million),
technical assistance $14.2 million, Food for Freedom $24.2 million); from
international organizations (FY46-70), $55.6 million; from other Western
countries (FY46-69), $54.0 million; $1.1 million
military -- assistance from U.S. (FY63-70),
Monetary conversion rate: 1 Jamaican dollar=US$1.20
Fiscal year: 1 April - 31 March
COMMUNICATIONS:
Railroads: 204 mi. government-owned, 50 mi. privately owned, all standard gage,
single track
Highways: 7,100 mi.; 1,200 mi. paved, 4,400 mi. gravel, 1,500 mi. unimproved
earth surfaces
Pipelines: refined products, 6 mi.
Ports: 1 major, 11 minor
Merchant marine: 2 cargo ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 11,900 GRT, 10,500 DWT
Civil air: 3 major transport aircraft
Airfields: 47 total, 35 usable; 11 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with run-
way 8,000-11,999 ft., 2 with runway 4,000-7,999 ft.; 3 seaplane stations
Telecommunications: fully automatic domestic telephone network with 66,700
telephones; intraisland VHF network; satellite ground station under construction
to be operational in 1971; 500,000 radio and 70,000 TV receivers; 8 AM, 5 FM,
and 8 TV stations; 5 submarine cables, including 2 coaxial, with third coaxial
being laid and expected to be completed about the end of 1971
DEFENSE FORCES:
Supply: dependent on U.K. and U.S.
Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 March 1970, $5 million; about 2.0%
of central government budget
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 Approved For Release 2004/0F RIAPIA-RDP79-01051 A000400010002-1
NOTE: The war between Israel and the Arab states in June 1967
ended with Israel in control of West Jordan. Although
approx. 930,000 persons resided in this area prior to the
start of the war, fewer than 750,000 of them remain there
under the Israeli occupation, the remainder having fled
to East Jordan. Over 14,000 of those who fled were
repatriated in August 1967, but their return has been
more than offset by other Arabs who have crossed and are.
continuing to cross from West to East Jordan. These and
certain other effects of the Arab-Israeli war are not
included in the data below.
LAND:
37,100 sq. mi. (including about 2,100 sq. mi. occupied by Israel); 11%
agricultural, 88% desert, waste, or urban, 1% forested (1964)
Land boundaries: 1,141 mi. (1967, 1,037 mi. excluding occupied areas)
WATER:
Limits of territorial waters: 3 n. mi
Coastline: 16 mi.
PEOPLE:
Population: 2,443,000, average annual growth rate 3.9% (FY67-69); males 15-49,
571,000; 435,000 fit for military service; average number currently reaching
military age (18) annually 25,000
Ethnic divisions: 97% Arab, 2% Circassian, 1% Armenian
Religion: 94% Sunni Muslim, 6% Christian
Language: Arabic official, English widely understood among upper and middle
classes
Literacy: 33% West Jordan, 32% East Jordan
Labor force: 434,000; 33% unemployed
Organized labor: 5% of labor force
GOVERNMENT:
Legal name: Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan
Type: constitutional monarchy
Capital: 'Amman
Political subdivisions: 8 districts (3 are under Israeli occupation) under
centrally appointed officials
Legal system: based on Islamic law and French codes; constitution adopted 1952;
judicial review of legislative acts in a specially provided High Tribunal;
has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Branches: executive branch holds balance of power; King is effective ruler with
Prime Minister exercising executive authority in name of King; Cabinet
appointed by King and responsible to parliament; bicameral parliament with
Chamber of Deputies chosen by national elections, Senate appointed by King;
each house contains equal representation from East and West Jordan; present
parliament subservient to executive as a result of rigged elections (April
1967); secular court system based on differing legal systems of the former
Transjordan and Palestine; law Western in concept and structure; Sharia
(religious) courts for Muslims, and religious community council courts for
non-Muslim communities; desert police carry out quasi-judicial functions
in desert areas
Government leader: King Husayn ibn Talal al-Hashimi
Suffrage: male citizens over age 20
Political parties and leaders: political party activity illegal since 1957;
Palestine Liberation Organization and Fatah, Yasir Arafat; various smaller
fedayeen groups; Ba'th Party of Jordan, Dr. Mun'if Razzaz; National
Socialist Party, Sulayman al-Nabulusi; Communist Party actively repressed;
Muslim Brethren
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 GOVERNMENT (cont'd): Approved For Release 2004/08/31 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000400010002-1
Member of: Arab League, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, ILO, IMF, ITU, U.N.,
UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO
ECONOMY:
GNP: $648 million (1969), $270 per capita
Agriculture: main crops -- cereals, fruits, vegetables, olive oil; not self-
sufficient in many foodstuffs
Major industries: phosphate mining, petroleum refining, and cement
Electric power: 61,800 kw. capacity (1970); 140 million kw.-hr. produced (1970),
60 kw.-hr. per capita
Exports: $34 million (f.o.b., 1970); major items -- fruits and vegetables,
phosphate rock; Communist share 9% of total (1970)
Imports: $183 million (c.i.f., 1970); major items -- petroleum products, textiles,
capital goods, motor vehicles, foodstuffs; Communist share 16% of total (1970)
Aid:
economic -- U.S., $601 million economic assistance (FY51-70), of which $31
million loans, $570 million grants;
military -- $184 million total from U.S. (July 1949-March 1971) including
$72 million in MAP grants
Monetary conversion rate: 1 Jordanian dinar=US$2.80, freely convertible; 0.357
Jordanian dinar=US$l
Fiscal year: 1 January - 31 December
COMMUNICATIONS:
Railroads: 230 mi. 3'5 3/8" gage, single track
Highways: 3,971 mi.; 3,210 mi. bituminous, 224 mi. improved, 537 unimproved earth
(these mileages include approximately 670 mi. -- mostly bituminous -- of
Jordanian territory held by Israel)
Pipelines: crude oil, 168 mi.
Ports: 1 major
Civil air: 5 major transport aircraft
Airfields: 51 total, 16 usable; 9 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with
runway over 12,000 ft., 9 with runways 8,000-11,999 ft., 3 with runways
4,000-7,999 ft.; 1 seaplane station
Telecommunications: adequate telecommunication system for the needs of the
country; 34,500 telephones; 170,000 radio and 55,000 TV receivers; 1 AM
and 2 TV stations; earth satellite station under construction
DEFENSE FORCES:
Supply: dependent on outside sources; U.S., U.K., France, and West Germany
principal suppliers of military equipment
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LAND:
225,000 sq. mi.; about 21% forest and woodland, 13%
suitable for agriculture, 66% mainly grassland
adequate for grazing (1970)
Land boundaries: 2,093 mi.
WATER:
Limits of territorial waters: 12 n. mi. (fishing, 12 n. mi.)
Coastline: 333 mi.
Ethnic divisions: 97% native African (including Bantu, Nilotic, Hamitic and
Nilo-Hamitic); 3% European, Asian, and Arab
Religion: 56% Christian, 36% animist, 7% Muslim, 1% Hindu
Language: English and Swahili official; each tribe has own language
Literacy: 20% to 25%
Labor force: 2.5 million; about 977,000, (39%) in monetary economy (1967)
Organized labor: about 215,000
PEOPLE:
Population: 11,711,000, average annual growth rate 2.9%
(FY69); males 15-49, 2,610,000;
1,270,000 fit for military service; no conscription
GOVERNMENT:
Legal name: Republic of Kenya
Type: republic within Commonwealth since December 1963
Capital: Nairobi
Political subdivisions: 7 provinces plus Nairobi Area
Legal system: based on English common law, tribal law and Islamic law;
constitution enacted 1963; judicial review in Supreme Court; legal education
at University Kenya School of Law in Nairobi; accepts compulsory ICJ
jurisdiction, with reservations
Branches: President and Cabinet responsible to unicameral legislature (National
Assembly) of 170 seats, 158 directly elected by constituencies and 12
specially elected by the Assembly; Assembly must be reelected at least every
5 years; High Court, with Chief Justice and at least 11 justices, has
unlimited original jurisdiction to hear and determine any civil or criminal
proceeding; provision for systems of courts of appeal with ultimate appeal
to East African Court of Appeals
Government leader: President Jomo Kenyatta
Suffrage: universal over age 21
Elections: general election (December 1969) elected present National Assembly
Political party and leaders: Kenyan African National Union (KANU), president -
Jomo Kenyatta
Voting strength: KANU controls National Assembly; holds all seats
Communists: may be a few Communists and sympathizers
Member of: EAC, IAEA, ICAO, OAU, Seabeds Committee, U.N.
ECONOMY:
GNP: $1.33 billion (1969), $120 per capita; 6.3% real growth per year between
1964 and 1969
Agriculture: main cash crops -- coffee, sisal, tea, pyrethrum, cotton, livestock;
food crops -- corn, wheat, rice, cassava; largely self-sufficient in food
Fishing: catch 31,900 tons, $3,424,000; exports $230,000, imports $1,097,000
Major industries: small-scale consumer goods (plastic, furniture, batteries,
textiles, soap, agricultural processing, cigarettes, flour), oil refining,
cement
Electric power: 153,000 kw. capacity (1970); 402 million kw.-hr. produced (1970),
38 kw.-hr. per capita
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ECONOMY (cont'd):
Exports: $250.2 million (f.o.b., 1969); coffee, tea, livestock products, pyrethrum,
soda ash, wattle-bark tanning extract
Imports: $338.6 million (c.i.f., 1969); machinery, transport equipment, crude oil,
paper and paper products, iron and steel products, and textiles
Major trade partners: U.K. and EC, also Uganda and
Tanzania, which are part of East African Economic Community
Monetary conversion rate: 1 Kenya shilling=US$0.14 (official); 7.143 Kenya
shillings=US$1
Fiscal year: 1 July - 30 June
COMMUNICATIONS:
Railroads: 1,275 mi.; meter gage
Highways: 26,970 mi.; 1,532 mi. paved, 8,849 mi. gravel or improved earth, about
16,589 mi. unimproved or tracks
Inland waterways: part of Lake Victoria and Lake Rudolph are within boundaries
of Kenya
Ports: 1 major, 3 minor
Merchant marine: 6 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 16,200 GRT, 25,300 DWT;
includes 3 cargo, 2 tanker, 1 specialized carrier
Civil air: 10 major transport aircraft
Airfields: 258 total, 202 usable; 5 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with
runway over 12,000 ft., 1 with runways 8,000-11,999 ft., 43 with runways
4,000-7,999 ft.; 3 seaplane stations
Telecommunications: in top group of African systems; consists of radio-relay
links, open-wire lines, and radiocommunication stations; principal center
Nairobi, secondary centers Mombasa and Nakuru; 72,300 telephones; 774,000
radio and 16,400 TV receivers; 5 AM, 2 FM, and 3 TV stations; 2 submarine
cables
DEFENSE FORCES:
Supply: dependent on U.K.
Military budget: for fiscal year ending 30 June 1971, $6,392,000; about 5.0% of
ordinary budget
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LAND:
47,000 sq. mi.; 17% arable and cultivated, 74% in forest,
scrub, and brush; remainder wasteland and urban (1971)
Land boundaries: 1,040 mi.
WATER:
Limits of territorial waters: 12 n. mi.
Coastline: 1,550 mi.
Ethnic divisions: racia y omog
Religion: Buddhism and Confucianism; religious activities now almost nonexistent
Language: Korean
Literacy: 90% (est.)
Labor force: 5.7 million; 50% agriculture, 50% industry; shortage of skilled and
unskilled labor
PEOPLE:
Population: 14,765,000, average annual growth rate 2.8%
(current); males 15-49, 3,260,000; 1,935,000 fit for
military service; 164,000 reach military age (18)
annually
11 h eneous
GOVERNMENT:
Legal name: Democratic People's Republic of Korea
Type: Communist state; one-man rule
Capital: Pyongyang
Political subdivisions: 9 provinces, 3 special cities (P'yongyang, Hamhung,
Ch'ongjin), and 1 special district (Kaesong)
Legal system: based on German civil law system with Japanese influences and
Communist legal theory; constitution adopted 1948; no judicial review of
legislative acts; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Branches: constitution provides for a Supreme People's Assembly (SPA), with
provincial government under complete control of central authorities
Government and party leaders: Kim II-song, Premier and General Secretary
of the Korean Labor Party
Suffrage: universal at age 18
Elections: election to SPA every 4 years, but this constitutional provision not
necessarily followed -- last election (November 1967), with claimed 100% of
electorate voting for official slate
Political party: Korean Labor (Communist) Party; claimed membership of about
1.6 million, or about 12% of population
Member of: no international bodies
ECONOMY:
GNP: roughly $300 per capita (1970)
Agriculture: main crops -- rice, corn, vegetables; food shortages -- meat,
cooking oils; production of foodstuffs adequate for domestic needs at low
levels of consumption
Major industries: machine building, electric power, chemicals, mining, metallurgy,
textiles
Shortages: heavy machinery and equipment, bituminous and coking coal, petroleum,
rubber
Crude steel: 2.2 million metric tons produced (1970), about 160 kilograms
per capita
Exports: minerals, chemical and metallurgical products
Imports: machinery and equipment, petroleum, foodstuffs, coking coal
Major trade partners: total trade turnover about $680 million (1970); 17% with
non-Communist countries, 83% with Communist countries (55% with the U.S.S.R.)
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ECONOMY (cont'd):
Monetary conversion rate: 2.57 won=US$1 (noncommercial), 1.20 won=US$1 (commercial)
Fiscal year: calendar year
COMMUNICATIONS:
Railroads: 2,818 route mi. operating in 1968; 2,137 mi. standard gage, 681 mi.
2'6" narrow gage; 99 mi. double tracked; about 588 mi. electrified; government
owned
Highways: about 12,600 mi., 95% gravel or earth surface
Inland waterways: 1,400 mi.; mostly navigable by small craft only
Freight carried (1969): rail -- 13 billion metric ton/kffi., 62 million metric
tons; highway -- 765 million metric ton/km., 116 million metric tons;
waterway -- 540 million metric ton/km., 7.7 million metric tons; coastal --
170 million metric ton/km., 0.4 million metric tons
Ports: 6 major, 26 minor
Merchant marine: 7 cargo ships (1,000 GRT and over) totaling 23,200 GRT, 28,600
DWT; additionally 6 refrigerated ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 34,600
GRT, 28,700 DWT are subordinate to the fishing fleet
DEFENSE FORCES:
Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1971, announced at
2,051,040,000 won; 28% of total budget (converted at 2.57 won=US$1)
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LAND:
38,000 sq. mi.; 23% arable (22% cultivated), 10% urban
and other, 67% forested (1968)
Land boundaries: 150 mi.
WATER:
Limits of territorial waters: 3 n. mi.
Coastline: 1,550 mi.
Ethnic divisions: homogeneous; small Chinese minority (approx. 20,000)
Religion: strong Confucian tradition; pervasive folk religion (Shamanism);
vigorous Christian minority (5.5% of population); Buddhism (including
estimated 20,000 members of Soka Gakkai); Chondokyo (religion of the heavenly
way), eclectic religion with nationalist overtones founded in 19th century,
claims about 1.5 million adherents
Language: Korean
Literacy: about 90%
Labor force: about 10.0 million (1970); 48.3% agriculture, fishing,
forestry, 30.0% services, 13.6% mining and manufacturing, 2.8% construction,
4.5% unemployed
Organized labor: about 10% of nonagricultural labor force
PEOPLE:
Population: 32,219,000, average annual growth rate 1.9%
(October 66-70); males 15-49, 7,773,000; 4,920,000 fit
for military service; average number reaching military
age (18) annually 338,000
GOVERNMENT:
Legal name: Republic of Korea
Type: republic; power centralized in a strong executive
Capital: Seoul
Political subdivisions: 9 provinces, 2 special cities; heads centrally appointed
Legal system: combines elements of continental European civil law systems,
Anglo-American law, and Chinese classical thought; constitution approved
1962; judicial review of legislative acts in Supreme Court; has not
accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Branches: executive, legislative (unicameral), and judiciary
Government leaders: President Pak Chong-hui; Prime Minister Kim Chong-pil
Suffrage: universal over age 20
Elections: presidential and National Assembly elections must be held every 4
years; National Assembly elections due about 1 month after Presidential
elections; last elections held in April and May 1971 respectively
Principal political parties and leaders: Democratic Republican Party, Pak
Chong-hui; New Democratic Party, Kim Hong-il
Voting strength: April 1971 presidential election -- Democratic ~epublican Party,
51.1%; New Democratic Party, 43.4%; minor parties, 1.5%; invalid, 4.0% June
1971 National Assembly elections -- Democratic Republican Party, 49%; New
Democratic Party, 44%; minor parties, 3.0%; invalid 2.0% composition of
legislature (25 May 1971) -- Democratic Republican Party, 113 seats; New
Democratic Party, 89 seats; Peoples' Party, l seat; Nationalist Party, 1 seat
Other political or pressure groups: Federation of Korean Trade Unions; Korean
Veterans' Association; large volatile student population concentrated in Seoul
Member of: ADB, Asian Parliamentary Union, Asian People's Anti-Communist League
(APACL), ASPAC, Colombo Plan, ECAFE, FAO, GATT, Geneva Conventions of 1949
for the protection of war victims, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, IHB, IMCO, IMF,
INTELSAT, Inter-Parliamentary Union, INTERPOL, ITU, UNESCO, U.N. Special Fund,
UPU, WHO, WMO, World Anti-Communist League (WACL); does not hold U.N.
membership
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 ECONOMY: Approved For Release 2004/08/31 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000400010002-1
GNP: $8.1 billion (1970), $250 per capita; real growth 9% (1965-70)
Agriculture: 50% of the population live on the land, but agriculture constitutes
27% GNP; main crops -- rice, barley, wheat; not self-sufficient; food
shortages -- barley, wheat, dairy products, rice, corn
Fishing: Catch 852,000 tons, $172 million (1969)
Major industries: textiles and clothing, food processing, chemical fertilizers,
chemicals, plywood, coal
Shortages: base metals, fertilizer, petroleum, lumber and certain food grains
Electric power: 1,794,000 kw. capacity (1968); 8.1 billion kw.-hr. produced
(1969), 250 kw.-hr. per capita
Exports: $835 million (f.o.b., 1970); clothing and textiles, veneer and plywood,
silk, wigs
Imports: $1,984 million (c.i.f., 1970)
Major trade partners: 1970 exports -- U.S. 47%, Japan 28%; imports -- Japan
41%, U.S. 29%
Aid:
economic -- U.S. (FY46-70), $5.1 billion committed; Japan (1965-70), $580
million extended;
military -- U.S. (FY46-70), $3.6 billion committed
Monetary conversion rate: 310 won=US$l (floating-rate average value in 1970),
370 won=US$l by end of June 1971
Fiscal year: calendar year
COMMUNICATIONS:
Railroads: 1,964 mi.; 1,887 mi. standard gage, 77 mi. (2'6") narrow gage; 280
mi. double track; government owned
Highways: 25,340 mi.; 1,600 mi. paved, 16,140 mi. gravel, 4,000 mi. improved
earth, 3,600 mi. unimproved earth
Inland waterways: 1,000 mi.; use restricted to small native craft
Freight carried: rail (1963) 2,708.2 million short ton/mi., 19.8 million short
tons; highway (1963) 21.9 million short tons; air (1959) 796,260 lbs. carried
Pipelines: 255 mi., refined products, under construction
Ports: 10 major, 10 minor
Merchant marine: 116 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 886,000 GRT, 1,455,800
DWT; includes 81 cargo, 19 tanker, 12 bulk, 4 specialized carriers
Airfields: 257 total, 125 usable; 47 with permanent-surface runways; 8 with
runways 8,000-11,999 ft., 17 with runways 4,000-7,999 ft.; 2 seaplane stations
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KUWAI
LAND:
6,200 sq. mi. (excluding neutral zone but including islands);
insignificant amount forested; nearly all desert,
waste, or urban (1969)
Land boundaries: 285 mi.
WATER:
Limits of territorial waters: 12 n. mi.
Coastline: 310 mi.
e v
fit for military s
Ethnic divisions: 87% Arabs, 12% Iranians, Indians, and Pakistani, 1% other
Religion: 95% Muslim, 5% Christian, Hindu, Parsi, other
Language: Arabic; English commonly used foreign language
Literacy: about 55% (1965)
Labor force: 250,000 (1969); 9% manufacturing, 16% construction, 45% services,
13% commerce
Organized labor: labor unions, first authorized in 1964., formed in oil industry
and among government personnel
PEOPLE:
Population: 857,000, average annual growth rate 9.4%
(April 65-70); males 15-49, about 292,000; about 160,000
ice
GOVERNMENT:
Legal name: State of Kuwait
Type: nominal constitutional monarchy
Capital: Al Kuwayt
Political subdivisions: 3 governates, 10 voting constituencies
Legal system: based on Islamic law in personal matters, civil law system with
Islamic law significant in personal matters; constitution adopted 1962;
judicial review of legislative acts not yet determined; has not accepted
compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Branches: Council of Ministers; National Assembly
Government leader: Amir Sabah Al Salim Al Sabah
Suffrage: native born and naturalized males over age 21
Elections: held every 4 years for National Assembly; last held January 1971
Communists: insignificant
Member of: Arab League, FAO, FUND, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, ILO, IMCO, ITU,
OPEC, OAPEC, Seabeds Committee, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO
ECONOMY:
Agriculture: virtually none, dependent on imports for food; approx. 75% of
potable water must be distilled or imported
Major industries: crude petroleum production averaging\2.99 million b.p.d.
(includes Kuwait's share of neutral zone) (1970); government revenues from
taxes and royalties on production, refining, and consumption was $850 million
in FY69; refinery capacity est. at 504,000 bbls. per day (1970); other major
industries include fishing, processing of building materials, fertilizers,
chemicals, and flour
Electric power: 838,000 kw. capacity (1970); 1,670 million kw.-hr. produced
(1970), 2,140 kw.-hr. per capita
Exports: $1.6 billion (1968), of which petroleum accounted for 98%; nonpetroleum
exports are mostly reexports and totaled $58 million (1969)
Imports: $646 million (1969); major suppliers -- U.S., Japan, U.K., West Germany
Aid: $50 million loan from Export-Import Bank, 1967; $2.6 million from international
organizations (FY63-70); extended about $50 million
in credits to other Arab nations from 1961 to January 1969
Monetary conversion rate: 1 Kuwaiti dinar=US$2.80 (freely convertible)
Fiscal year: 1 April - 31 March
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Railroads: none
Pipelines: crude oil, 254 mi.; refined products, 27 mi.; natural gas, 74 mi.
Ports: 2 major, 1 minor
Merchant marine: 30 ships (1,000 GRT or over), totaling 593,900 GRT, 1,013,100
DWT; includes 22 cargo, 6 tankers, 2 specialized carrier
Civil air: 5 major transport aircraft
Airfields: 13 total, 4 usable; 2 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runway
8,000-11,999 ft., 1 with runways 4,000-7,999 ft.
Telecommunications: excellent international radiocommunications; adequate
domestic telecommunication facilities; 58,000 telephones; 105,000 radio
and 100,000 TV sets; 3 AM and 3 TV stations
DEFENSE FORCES:
Supply: dependent on U.K.
Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 March 1972, $86,800,000; about 11.7%
of total budget
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LAND:
91,430 sq. mi.; 7% agri-cultural, 60% forests, 33% urban,
waste, and other; except in very limited areas, soil
is very poor; most of forested area is not exploitable
(May 1969, est.)
Land boundaries: 2,700 mi.
Yao, and other
age specified
Ethnic divisions: 47% Lao; 14% Tai; 25% Phoutheng (Kha), Meo,
Religion: 50% Buddhist, 50% animist and other
Language: Lao official, French predominant foreign language also used in
administration
Literacy: about 12%
Labor force: about 1,268,000; 80%-90% agriculture; 159,286 engaged in
manufacturing and services; 11,864 government employees
Organized. labor: only civil servants are organized
PEOPLE:
Population: 3,069,000, average annual growth rate 2.4%
(FY70); males 15-49, 733,000; 390,000 fit for military
service; average number currently reaching usual
military age (18) annually, 33,000; no conscription
GOVERNMENT:
Legal name: Kingdom of Laos
Type: constitutional monarchy
Capital: Vientiane (Louangphrabang royal capital)
Political subdivisions: 16 provinces subdivided into districts, cantons, and
villages
Legal system: based on civil law system; constitution of 1947 superseded by
international agreements of 1962 and subsequent events; has not accepted
compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Branches: King, 59-member National Assembly, 12-member King's Council; provisional
coalition government formally composed of 3 "tendencies" -- neutralists,
Communists, rightists -- but Communists not participating
Government leaders: King Savang Vatthana; Premier Souvanna Phouma, neutralist;
Deputy Premier Prince Souphanouvong, Communist (absent); Deputy Premier
Leuam Insisiengmay, rightist
Suffrage: universal over age 18
Elections: National Assembly designated by King; general election last held
in 1967, assembly election scheduled for January 1972
Political parties and leaders: Neo Lao Hak Sat, Communist-front organization
which includes the Lao People's Party (Communist), only party active
Communists: Lao People's Party (clandestine) membership unknown
Other political or pressure groups: Communists are resisting "neutralist"
government; insurgent Communist forces with North Vietnamese backing
pose serious threat to existing government; other political groups are
informal and associated with regional family and military leaders; Prince
Boun Oum is the acknowledged, though not formal leader of the Laotian
rightists; Royal Armed Forces (FAR) leaders, Commander in Chief Bounpone
Vang Pao, Soutchay
Makthepharack, and Generals Kouprasith Abhay, Phasouk Somly,
Vongsavanh, and Ret. Gen. Ouan Rathi Koun
Member of: Colombo Plan, ECAFE, ICAO, IMF, Mekong Committee, SEAMES, U.N., UNCTAD
ECONOMY:
GNP: $211 million, $73 per capita (1969 est.)
Agriculture: main crops -- rice (overwhelmingly dominant), corn, coffee, cotton
and tobacco; largely self-sufficient; food shortages (due in part to
distribution deficiencies) including' rice
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Fishing: catch data unavailable; imports fish and fish products 278 tons,
$119,000 (1969)
Major industries: tin mining, timber
Shortages: capital equipment, petroleum, transportation system
Electric power: 23,200 kw. capacity (1969); 29 million kw.-hr. produced (1970),
11 kw.-hr. per capita
Exports: $3.0 million (f.o.b., 1970 est.); forest products, coffee, tin concentrates,
and timber; undeclared exports of opium significant but value unknown
Imports: $51.4 million (c.i.f., 1969); rice, petroleum products, textiles,
transportation equipment, machinery
Major trade partners: imports from Thailand,U.S., Japan, France, Hong Kong,
U.K., Indonesia, and West Germany; exports to Malaysia and Thailand; trade
with Communist countries insignificant; Laos a major transit point in world
gold trade; gold imports and approx. offsetting gold exports excluded from
official trade data; value of 1969 gold imports $36.7 million
Monetary conversion rate: 240 kip=US$1; open market rate approx. 505 kip=US$1
(1969); all but restricted list of developmental commodities now imported
at open market rate
Fiscal year: 1 July - 30 June
COMMUNICATIONS:
Highways: about 9,200 mi. (including Communist-held areas); 500 mi. bituminous
or bituminous treated, 1,900 mi. gravel, crushed stone, or improved earth;
6,800 mi.-unimproved earth and often impassable during rainy season
mid-May to mid-September
Inland waterways: about 2,850 mi., primarily Mekong and tributaries; 1,800
additional miles are sectionally navigable by craft drawing less than 1.5 ft.
Ports (river): 5 major, 4 minor
Airfields: 378 total, 222 usable; 5 with permanent-surface runways; 18 with
runways 4,000-7,999 ft., 1 with runway 8,000-11,999 ft.
Telecommunications: service to general public considered poor; radio network
provides generally erratic service to government users; poor international
service recently improved by radio relay link to Thailand; radiobroadcast
transmitters operate in a few towns; 1,148 (est.) telephones; 70,000 (est.)
radio receivers
DEFENSE FORCES:
Military budget: for fiscal year ending 30 June 1971, $37,000,000; about 49%
of total budget
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LAND:
4,000 sq. mi.; 27% agricultural land, 64% desert, waste,
or urban, 9% forested
Land boundaries: 285 mi.
WATER:
Limits of territorial waters: no claims (fishing, 6 n. mi.)
Coastline: 140 mi.
PEOPLE:
Population: 2,918,000 (including Lebanese nationals living
outside the country who are on the population register,
but excluding registered Palestinian refugees numbering
171, 517 on 30 June 1969), average annual growth rate 3.1% (current); males
15-49, 704,000; 415,000 fit for military service; average of about 30,000
reach military age (18) annually
Ethnic divisions: 93% Arab, 6% Armenian, 1% other
Religion: 55% Christian, 44% Muslim and Druze, 1% other (official estimates);
Muslims believed to constitute slight majority
Language: Arabic (official); French is widely spoken
Literacy: 86%
Labor force: about 1 million economically active; 49% agriculture, 11% industry,
14% commerce, 26% other; moderate-unemployment
Organized labor: about 55,000
GOVERNMENT:
Legal name: Republic of Lebanon
Type: republic
Capital: Beirut
Political-subdivisions: 5 provinces
Legal system: mixture of Ottoman law, canon law, and civil law system; consti-
tution mandated in 1920; no judicial review of legislative acts; legal
education at University of Lebanon; has not accepted compulsory ICJ
jurisdiction
Branches: power lies with President elected by parliament (Chamber of Deputies);
Cabinet appointed by President, approved by parliament; independent secular
courts on French pattern; religious courts for matters of marriage, divorce,
inheritance, etc.; by custom,, President is a Maronite Christian, Prime
Minister a Sunni Muslim, and president of parliament a Shia Muslim; each of
9 religious communities represented in parliament in proportion to national
numerical strength
Government leader: President Sulayman Franjiyyah
Suffrage: compulsory for all males over 21; authorized for women over 21 with
elementary education
Elections: for Chamber of Deputies, held every 4 years or within 3 months of
dissolution of Chamber; held March-April 1968
Political parties and leaders: political party activity is organized along.
sectarian lines; numerous political groupings exist, consisting of individual
political figures and followers motivated by religious, clan, and economic
considerations; political stability dependent on maintenance of balance
between religious communities; Communist Party one of largest in Middle
East, was made a legal party on 15 August 1970
Member of: Arab League, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, ILO, IMF, ITU, U.N.,
UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO
ECONOMY:
Agriculture: fruits, wheat, corn, barley, potatoes, tobacco, olives, onions; not
self-sufficient in food
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 ECONOMY (cont'd): Approved For Release 2004/08/31 : CIA-RDP79-01051A0004000101002-1
Major industries: service industries, food processing, textiles, cement, of
refining, chemicals, some metal fabricating, tourism
Electric power: 552,000 kw. capacity (1970); 1,394 million kw.-hr. produced
(1970), 500 kw.-hr. per capita
Major trade partners: exports $179 million (f.o.b., 1969 est.); 67% to Arab
countries; imports $643 million (c.i.f., 1969 est.); chiefly from EC, U.K.,
and Arab countries; 8.4% from Communist countries; trade deficit covered by
large net receipts from invisibles (particularly tourism and transportation)
and private capital inflow
Monetary conversion rate: 3.08 Lebanese pounds=US$l (provisional parity); free
market (January 1971) 3.24 Lebanese pounds=US$l
Fiscal year: calendar year
COMMUNICATIONS:
Highways: 5,133 mi.; 3,821 mi. paved, 342 mi. gravel and crushed stone, 373 mi.
improved earth, 597 mi. unimproved earth
Pipelines: crude oil, 85 mi.
Ports: 3 major, 5 minor
Merchant marine: 43 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 121,100 GRT, 183,500 DWT;
includes 39 cargo, 4 bulk; 17 ships are foreign owned or operated
Civil air: 14 major transport aircraft
Airfields: 11 total, 4 usable; 4 with permanent-surface runways; 3 with runways
8,000-11,999 ft.; 1 seaplane station
Telecommunications: excellent international telecommunication facilities include
satellite ground station; good domestic telephone and telegraph service;
150,500 telephones; 600,000 radio and 300,000 TV receivers; 7 TV, 2 FM, and
1 AM radiobroadcast stations; 1 submarine cable
DEFENSE FORCES:
Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1971, $55.8 million; about
20.7% of proposed total budget
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LAND:
11,700 sq. mi. (1969); 12% cultivable; largely mountainous
Land boundaries: 500 mi.
PEOPLE:
Population: 926,000, average annual growth rate 1.6%
(FY69); males 15-49, 188,000; fit for
military service 95,000
Ethnic divisions: 99.7% Bantu, 1,600 Europeans, 800 Asians
Religion: 70% or more Christian, rest animist
Language: all Africans speak Sesotho vernacular; English
is second language for literates
Literacy: 40%
Labor force: 87.4% of resident population engaged in subsistence agriculture;
150,000 to 250,000 spend 6 months to many years as wage earners in South
Africa
Organized labor: negligible
GOVERNMENT:
Legal name: Kingdom of Lesotho
Type: constitutional monarchy under King Moshoeshoe II
Capital: Maseru
Political subdivisions: 9 administrative districts
Legal system: based on English common law and Roman-Dutch law; constitution came
into effect 1966; judicial review of legislative acts in High Court and
Court of Appeal; legal education at University of Botswana, Lesotho, and
Swaziland (located in Lesotho); has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Branches: executive, divided between a largely ceremonial King and a Prime
Minister who leads cabinet of at least 7 members; a bicameral legislature
consisting of a National Assembly (60 seats) and a Senate (33 seats);
judicial -- 63 Lesotho courts administer customary law for Africans, High
Court and subordinate courts have criminal jurisdiction over all residents,
Court of Appeal at Maseru has appellate jurisdiction
Government leader: Prime Minister Chief Leabua Jonathan
Suffrage: universal for adults
Elections: elections held in January 1970; nullified allegedly because of election
irregularities; subsequent elections promised at unspecified date
Political parties and leaders: Basutoland Congress Party (BCP), Ntsu Mokhele;
Marema-tlou Freedom Party (MFP), Dr. Seth Makotoko; National Party.(BNP),
Chief Leabua Jonathan
Voting strength: National Assembly -- BNP 32 seats, BCP 22 seats, MFP 2 seats,
LDP 2 seats, 2 seats vacant; Senate -- BNP holds 24 of 33 seats (1965
elections)
Communists: Communist Party of Lesotho banned in early 1970, although in past
it received support from Chinese Communists
Member of: Commonwealth, FAO, ILO, ITU, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO
ECONOMY:
GNP: $90 million (1968), about $100 per capita
Agriculture: exceedingly primitive, mostly subsistence farming and livestock;
principal crops are corn, wheat, pulses, sorghum, barley
Major industries: none
Electric power: 2,820 kw. capacity (1970); 2.5 million kw.-hr. produced (1970),
3 kw.-hr. per capita
Exports: labor to South Africa (remittances $15 million in 1969); $5 million
(f.o.b., 1968), wool, mohair, wheat, cattle, diamonds, peas, beans, corn,
hides, skins
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Imports: $29 million (f.o.b., 1968); mainly corn, building materials, clothing,
vehicles, machinery, POL
Major trade partner: South Africa
Aid: economic aid $6.9 million (budget FY71-72); U.K. $6.4 million (budget
FY71-72); no military aid
Monetary conversion rate: Lesotho uses the South African rand; 1 SA rand=US$1.40
(official); 0.714 SA rand=US$1
Fiscal year: 1 April - 31 March
COMMUNICATIONS:
Railroads: 1 mi.; owned, operated, and included in the statistics of the Republic
of South Africa
Highways: approx. 1,136 mi.; 76 mi. paved; 269 mi. crushed stone, gravel, or
stablized soil; 791 mi. improved or unimproved earth
Civil air: no major transport aircraft
Airfields: 36 total, 21 usable; 3 with runways 4,000-7,000 ft.
Telecommunications: system a modest one consisting of a few landlines, a small
radio-relay system, and minor radiocommunication stations; Maseru is the
center; 2,000 telephones; 5,000 radio receivers; 2 AM, no FM or TV stations
DEFENSE FORCES:
None, police only
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LAND:
43,000 sq. mi.; 20% agricultural, 30% jungle and swamps,
40% forested, 10% unclassified (1969)
Land boundaries: 830 mi.
WATER:
Limits of territorial waters: 12 n. mi. (fishing, 12 n. mi.
Coastline: 360 mi.
PEOPLE:
Population: 1,592,000, average annual growth rate 3.0%
(current); males 15-49, 282,000; 155,000 fit for
i
on
military service; no conscript
s
K5%, indigenous
Ethnic divisions: 5% coastal descendants of immigrant Negroes; Kpelle, 95% indigenous
Mandingo
Negroid African tribes including Gola, Kissi, Religion: probably more Muslims than Christians; 80%-90% animist
d English used
Language: English official; 28 tribal languages or dialects, p gin
by about 20%
Literacy: about 24% over age 5 nomy; of
Labor force: 450,000, of which 360,000 are in tribal, noveonmonetarnment se ecoronom; f%
90,000 in modern economy, 45% in agriculture;
mining, construction, and manufacturing; and 12% in trade and transportation;
about 3,000 non-African foreigners hold about 95% of the top level manage-
ment and engineering jobs
Organized labor: 2% of labor force
GOVERNMENT:
Legal name: Republic of Liberia executive
Type: republic; dominated by strong
Capital: Monrovia
Political subdivisions: country divided into 9 counties; President appoints all
officials of significance recent codes drawn up by
Legal system: based on U.S. constitutional theory;
Cornell University; constitution adopted 1847; amended 1907, 1926, 1934,
and 1955; no constitutional provision for judicial review of legislative
acts; legal education at Louis Arthur Grimes School of Law, University of
Liberia; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations
Branches: President, elected by popular vote initially for 8-year
rttermpandrs and
eligible for successive 4-year terms, controls through app
authority over national expenditures; 2-house legislature elected by popular
vote is rubber stamp; judiciary consisting of Supreme Court and variety of
lower courts theoretically independent but in fact subordinate to executive
Government leader: President William R. Tolbert
Suffrage: universal over age 21
Elections: members of House of Representatives elected for 4-year terms, most
recently in May 1971; Senate members elected for 6-year terms, one-half
elected in May 1971; President Tolbert, constitutional successor to President
Tubman who died in July 1971, is eligible to complete the four year term to
which Tubman was elected in May 1971; next scheduled presidential election May
1975
Political parties and leaders: True Whig Party, in power since 1878, only
political party; President Tolbert is leader
Voting strength: 1971 elections uncontested; True Whig Party won all but a
handful of votes
Communists: no Communist Party and only a few sympathizers
Member of: ECA, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ILO, IMCO, IMF, ITU, OAU, Seabeds Committee,
U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO
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GDP: $417 million (1970), 3% real growth rate (approx. 6% 1969 real growth rate),
$360 per capita
Agriculture: rubber, oil palm, cassava, coffee, rice; imports of rice, wheat,
and meat are necessary for basic diet
Fishing: catch 18,500 tons, $6.1 million (1969)
Industry: rubber processing, food processing, construction materials, furniture,
palm oil processing, mining (iron ore, diamonds), 10,000 b/d oil refinery
Electric power: 152,000 kw. capacity (1970); 540 million kw.-hr. produced (1970),
470 kw.-hr. per capita
Exports: $214 million (f.o.b., 1970); iron ore, diamonds, rubber, palm kernels,
coffee, cocoa
Imports: $151 million (c.i.f., 1970); machinery, transportation equipment,
foodstuffs, manufactured goods
Major trade partners: U.S., West Germany, Japan, U.K.
Aid:
economic -- (FY62-70) U.S., $158.3 million;
military -- (FY62-70) U.S., $6.8 million; other aid sources include IBRD,
U.N., IMF, and West Germany
Monetary conversion rate: Liberia uses U.S. currency
Fiscal year: calendar year
COMMUNICATIONS:
Railroads: 310 mi.; 220 mi. standard gage, 90 mi. narrow gage (3'6"); all lines
single track; rail systems owned and operated by foreign steel and financial
interests in conjunction with Liberian Government
Highways: 4,150 mi.; 325 mi. bituminous treated, 875 mi. laterite, 2,950 mi.
unimproved
Inland waterways: 230 mi. navigable
Ports: 3 major, 4 minor
Merchant marine: 1,966 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 37,945,400 GRT,
67,814,400 DWT; includes 12 passenger, 529 cargo, 741 tanker, 535 bulk, 149
specialized carrier; though this registry ranks first in tonnage in the
world, all but 3 ships are foreign owned and operated
Civil air: 2 major transport aircraft
Airfields: 59 total, 40 usable; 3 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runway
8,000-11,999 ft., 6 with runways 4,000-7,999 ft.; 1 seaplane station
Telecommunications: telephone and telegraph limited; main center is Monrovia;
6,000 telephones; 155,000 radio and 6,500 TV receivers.; 3 AM, no FM,
2 TV stations; 2 submarine cables
DEFENSE FORCES:
Supply: dependent mainly on U.S., has received small arms and ammunition from
Israel, 6 armored cars from Switzerland and 16 trucks from Japan
Military budget: for year ending 31 December 1970, $3,383,000; 5.6% of total budget
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LAND:
679,000 sq. mi.; 6% agricultural, 1% forested, 93%
desert, waste, or urban (1962)
Land boundaries: 2,700 mi.
WATER:
Limits of territorial waters: 12 n. mi.
Coastline: 1,100 mi.
PEOPLE:
Population: 2,045,000, average annual growth rate 3.7%
(current); males 15-49, 468,000; 280,000 fit for militar,
service; about 20,000 reach military age (17) annually;
t' n now bein implemented
~o g
sA~m~
ARABIA
conscr~p
Ethnic divisions: 97% Berber and Arab with some Negroid stock; some Greeks,
Maltese, Jews, Italians
Religion: 100% Muslim
Language: Arabic; Italian and English widely understood in major cities
Literacy: 35%
Labor force: 458,000-500,000; between ages 15-64, 405,000-430,000; 61% of labor
force in agriculture (1964)
GOVERNMENT:
Legal name: Libyan Arab Republic
Type: republic; under military control following ouster of king on 1 September
1969; provisional constitution promulgated December 1969
Capital: Tripoli (defacto)
Political subdivisions: 10 administrative provinces closely controlled by
central government; district commissioners appointed by Revolutionary
Command Council
Legal system: based on Italian civil law system and Islamic law; separate
religious courts; no constitutional provision for judicial review of legislative
acts; legal education at Law School, at University of Libya at Banghazi; has
not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Branches: paramount political power and authority rests with the Revolutionary
Command Council; cabinet of 12 ministers; Parliament has been dissolved
Government leaders: Revolutionary Command Council Presidentt Colonel Mu'ammar
Qadhafi
Elections: last held in May 1965, Libyan Arab Socialist Union scheduled in October
1971
Political parties and leaders: Libyan Arab Socialist Union still being formed
Communists: no organized party, negligible membership
Other political or pressure groups: various Arab nationalist movements and the
Arab Socialist Resurrection (Ba'th) Party with small, almost negligible
memberships may be functioning clandestinely
Member of: Arab League, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, ILO, IMF, ITU, OAU,
OPEC, OAPEC, Seabeds Committee, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO
ECONOMY:
GNP: $2.91 billion (1970 est.), $1,500 per capita, approximately constant over
1967-70
GDP: $3.5 billion (1970 est.), $1,800 per capita
Agriculture: main crops -- wheat, barley, olives, dates, citrus fruits, peanuts;
not self-sufficient in food
Major industries: petroleum production averaged 3.3 million b.p.d. (1970);
estimated oil revenues for FY71 about $1.5 billion; food processing,
textiles, handicrafts
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ECONOMY (cont'd):
Electric power: 146,600 kw. capacity (1969); 430 million kw.-hr. produced (1969),
230 kw.-hr. per capita
Exports: $2,366 million (1970 est.); over 99% petroleum
Imports: $544 million (1970 est.)
Major trade partners: imports -- Italy, West Germany, U.S.
Aid: economic -- $17.4 (FY52-70); no Communist country assistance; U.S. aid
extended $212.6 million (1949-70)
military -- arms obtained by cash purchase; chief suppliers France, U.S.S.R.,
Czechoslovakia; U.S. suspended since September 1969
Monetary conversion rate: 1 Libyan pound=US$2.80
Fiscal year: 1 April - 31 March
COMMUNICATIONS:
Railroads: none
Highways: 5,300 mi.; 3,450 mi. bituminous or bituminous surface treated, 1,250
mi. improved earth and gravel, 600 mi. unimproved earth
Pipelines: crude oil 1,890 mi.; natural gas 311 mi.; refined products 143 mi.
Ports: 4 major, 12 minor
Civil air: 7 major transport aircraft; an additional 27 major transports are
operated by external carriers engaged in charter work for several oil companies
Airfields: 102 total, 81 usable; 14 with permanent-surface runways; 4 with runways
8,000-11,999 ft., 36 with runways 4,000-7,999 ft.; 2 seaplane stations
Telecommunications: system is just within top one-third of African systems; con-
sists of radio-relay and tropospheric-scatter links, open-wire lines, and
radiocommunication stations; principal centers are Tripoli and Benghazi;
34,790 telephones; 225,000 radio and 12,500 TV receivers; 7 AM, 5 FM, and
3 TV stations; 3 submarine cables
DEFENSE FORCES:
Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 March 1970, $254,500,000; 21.3% of
total budget
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 Approved For Release 200 L4Y08VI.3HItSU RDP79-01051 A000400010002-1
65 sq. mi.
Land boundaries: 47 mi.
PEOPLE:
Population: 25,000, average annual growth rate 4.8% (FY69)
Ethnic divisions: 95% Germanic, 5% Italian and other
Religion: 92% Roman Catholic
Language: German (dialect)
Literacy: 98%
Labor force: 7,000, 3,500 foreign workers; 59% industry,
20% trade and commerce, 13% professional and other, 8%
agriculture
GOVERNMENT:
Legal name: Principality of Liechtenstein
Type: hereditary constitutional monarchy
Capital: Vaduz
Political subdivisions: 11 districts
Legal system: based on Swiss law; constitution adopted 1921; judicial review of
legislative acts in a special Constitutional Court; accepts compulsory ICJ
jurisdiction, with reservations
Branches: unicameral Parliament, hereditary Prince, independent judiciary
Government leaders: Head of State, Prince Franz Joseph II; Chief of Government,
Dr. Alfred Hilbe
Suffrage: males age 20 and over
Elections: every 4 years; next elections 1974 Alfred Hilbe;
Political parties and leaders: Fatherland Union Party (VU), Dr.
Progressive Citizens Party (PCP), Dr. Gerard Batliner
Voting strength (1970 election): 50.5% VU, 49.5% PCP
Communists: none
Member of: IAEA, IPU, ITU; seeking U.N. membership; under a 1923 treaty, Switzer-
land handles Liechtenstein's post and telegraph systems, customs, and foreign
relations
ECONOMY:
Despite its small size and sparse natural resources, Liechtenstein has a
prosperous economy based primarily on small-scale light industry and farming.
Textiles, ceramics, precision instruments, pharmaceuticals, and canned foods
are the principal manufactures produced, almost entirely for export. Live-
stock raising and dairying are the main sources of farm income; cereals and
potatoes are the most important farm crops. The Liechtenstein economy is
tied closely to that of Switzerland in a virtual customs union. No national
accounts data are available.
Major trade partners: exports (1967) -- $45.5 million; 41% Switzerland, 28% EC,
56.1% EFTA
Electric power: 22,600 kw. capacity (1970); 55 million kw.-hr. produced (1970),
1,800 kw.-hr. per capita; power is exchanged with Switzerland, but net
exports average 35 million kw. yearly
COMMUNICATIONS:
Railroads: 9.94 mi. 4'8 1/2" gage, electrified; owned, operated, and included in
statistics of Austrian Federal Railways
Highways: no information on total mileage
Civil air: no major transport aircraft
Airfields: none
Telecommunications: automatic telephone system serving about 9,500 telephones;
no broadcast facilities; 4,000 radio and 3,400 TV receivers (programed from
Switzerland)
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 NIS 6 Approved For Release 2004/O@ j MB RDP79-01051A000400010002-1
Language: Luxembourgish, German, French; most educated Luxembourgers also speak
English
Literacy: 98%
Labor force: (1969) 139,000; 11.1% agriculture (including forestry and fishing),
44.2% industry, 44.7% services, no significant unemployment; shortage of
skilled labor 800 (1970)
Organized labor: 45% of labor force
1,000 sq. mi.; 26% arable, 26% meadows and pasture, 16%
waste or urban, 32% forested, negligible amount of
inland water (1969)
Land boundaries: 221 mi.
PEOPLE:
Population: 342,000, average annual growth rate 0.8%
(January 61-71); males 15-49, 78,000; 62,000 fit for
military service; about 2,500 reach military age (19)
annually
Ethnic divisions: 83% Luxembourger, including an estimated
5% of Italian descent; remainder French, German,
Belgian, etc.
Religion: more than 90% Roman Catholic
GOVERNMENT:
Legal name: Grand Duchy of Luxembourg
Type: constitutional monarchy
Capital: Luxembourg
Political subdivisions: unitary state, but for administrative purposes has 3
districts (Luxembourg, Diekirch, Grevenmacher) and 12 cantons
Legal system: based on civil law system; constitution adopted 1868; judicial
review of legislative acts in the Cassation Court only; accepts compulsory
ICJ jurisdiction
Branches: parliamentary democracy; seven ministers comprise Council of Government
headed by President, which constitutes the executive; it is responsible to
the unicameral legislature, the Chamber of Deputies; the Council of State,
appointed for indefinite term, exercises some powers of an upper house; judicial
power exercised by independent courts
Government leader: Pierre Werner, Minister of State and President of the Govern-
ment as well as Minister of Treasury
Suffrage: universal and compulsory over age 21
Elections: every 5 years for entire Chamber of Deputies; latest elections Dec-
ember 1968; next election, December 1973
Political parties and leaders: Christian Social Union, Pierre Werner and Jean
Dupong (Party President); Socialist, Antone Wehenkel (Party President); Social
Democrat, Ernst Lay (Party President); Democratic, Gaston Thorn (Party
President and Foreign Minister); Communist, Dominique Urbany
Voting strength (1968 election, approx.): 32% Socialist, 35% Christian Socialist,
15% Communist, 17% Democratic, 1% other; it should be noted that these are
percentages of votes cast rather than voters, since Luxembourg has a weighted
proportional representation system in which voters in most populous areas
have largest multiple votes
Communists: 520 party members
Other political or pressure groups: group of steel industries representing iron
and steel industry, Centrale Paysanne representing agricultural producers;
Christian and Socialist labor unions, Federation of Industrialists; Artisans
and Shopkeepers Federation
Member of: Benelux, BLEU (Belgium-Luxembourg Economic Union), Council of Europe,
EC, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IFC, ILO, IMF, NATO, OECD, U.N., UPU, WEU, WHO, WMO
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GNP: $995.7 million (1970), $2,910 per capita; 56.4% consumption, 29.8% investment,
11.0% government, 2.8% net exports of goods and services, 1970 growth rate
3.5% at 1963 constant prices
Agriculture: mixed farming; main crops -- grains, potatoes, fodder beets; food
shortages -- sugar, bread grains, fats; caloric intake, 3,090 calories per
day per capita (1967-68 est.)
Major industries: iron and steel, food processing, chemicals, metal products and
engineering, tires
Shortages: crude petroleum, coal, textile materials
Crude steel: 5.5 million metric tons produced (1970), about 16,080 kg. per capita
Electric power: 1,177,000 kw. capacity (1970); 2,520 million kw.-hr. produced
(1970), 6,290 kw.-hr. per capita
Exports: $869.0 million (f.o.b., 1970)
Imports: $686.4 million (c.i.f., 1970)
Major trade partners: Luxembourg and Belgium form an economic and customs union
and report their foreign trade jointly (see Belgium); Luxembourg's principal
exports are iron and steel products; principal imports are coal and consumer
products; most foreign trade is with Germany, Belgium, and other EC countries;
about 7% of steel exports to the U.S. (1969)
Aid: foreign aid to Luxembourg is included in aid to Belgium
Monetary conversion rate: 50 Luxembourg francs=US$1 (official); under the BLEU
agreement, the Luxembourg franc is equal to the Belgian franc which circulates
freely in Luxembourg
Fiscal year: calendar year
COMMUNICATIONS:
Railroads: 203 mi. standard gage; 100 mi. double track; 85 mi. electrified
Highways: 3,070 mi.; all paved
Pipelines: refined products, 30 mi.
Inland waterways: 23 mi.; Moselle River
Port: Mertert
Civil air: 7 major transport aircraft
Airfields: 2 total, 1 usable with permanent-surface runway 8,000-11,999 ft.
Telecommunications: adequate and efficient modern system; serves as transfer
point for international European communications; 105,500 telephones; 152,000
radiobroadcast receivers; 66,600 TV receivers; AM megawatt service of Radio
Luxembourg reaches most of Europe; 3 FM stations; 1 TV station with 6 relays
DEFENSE FORCES:
Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1971, $8.5 million; 3.0% of
central government budget
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LAND:
6 sq. mi.; 10% agricultural, 90% urban (1968)
Land boundaries: 220 yds.
WATER:
Limits of territorial waters: territorial sea claim 6 n. mi
fishing, 12 n. mi.
Coastline: 25 mi.
Literacy: almost 100% among Portuguese and Macanese; no data on Chinese
population
Labor force: 5% agriculture, 30% manufacturing, 3% construction, 1% utilities,
27% commerce, 8% transportation and communications, 26% services (1960 data)
PEOPLE:
Population: 244,000 (official estimate for 1 July 1969);
males 15-49, 67,000; 42,000 fit for military service
Ethnic divisions: 99% Chinese, 1% Portuguese
Religion: mainly Buddhist; 17,000 Catholics, about one-
half are Chinese
Language: Chinese 98%, Portuguese 2%
GOVERNMENT:
Legal name: Province of Macao
Type: overseas province of Portugal
Capital: Lisbon (Portugal)
Political subdivisions: municipality of Macao, and 2 islands
Legal system: Portuguese civil law system
Branches: Governor, who dominates legislative and executive branches, assisted
by Legislative Council with unknown number of appointed and 8 elected
members; the Urban Council with 3 governor-appointed and 4 elected members;
all high-ranking officials appointive under provisions of revised Organic
Overseas Law
Government leader: Brigadier Jose Manuel Nobre De Carvalho, Governor
Suffrage: restricted to Portuguese citizens
Elections: conducted every 4 years; last held November 1968
Political parties and leaders: Portuguese National Union (Uniao Nacional) only
legal party, as in Portugal; Governor is leading political figure
Other political or pressure groups: wealthy Macanese and Chinese representing
local interests, wealthy pro-Communist merchants representing China's
interests; in January 1967 Macao Government acceded to Chinese demands which
gave Chinese veto power over administration of the enclave
ECONOMY:
Agriculture: main crops -- rice, vegetables; food shortages -- rice, vegetables,
meat; depends mostly on imports for food requirements
Major industries: textiles, fireworks
Electric power: 14,000 kw. capacity (1969); 30.6 million kw.-hr. produced (1969),
120 kw.-hr. per capita
Exports: $37 million (f.o.b., 1969); textiles and clothing, foodstuffs, fireworks
Imports: $50 million (f.o.b., 1968)
Major trade partners: exports -- Hong Kong 24%, West Germany 21%; imports --
Hong Kong 67%, China 30% (1968)
Monetary conversion rate: 6.06 patacas=US$1
Fiscal year: calendar year
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Highways: 26 mi. paved
Ports: 1 major
Civil air: no major transport aircraft
Airfields: none; 1 seaplane station
DEFENSE FORCES:
Defense is responsibility of Portugal
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Approved For Release
 NIS 62 Approved For Release 2004 REQ1SYC P P79-01051 A000400010002-1
LAND:
230,000 sq. mi.; 5% cultivated, 58% pastureland, 21%
forested, 8% wasteland, 2% rivers and lakes, 6% other
(1965)
WATER:
Limits of territorial waters: 12 n. mi.
Coastline: 3,000 mi.
PEOPLE:
Population: 6,982,000, average annual growth rate 2.3%
(FY70); males 15-49, 1,574,000; 925,000 fit for
military service; average number reaching military age
(20) annually about 65,000
Ethnic divisions: basic split between highlanders of
predominantly Malayo-Indonesian origin, consisting of Merina (1,643,000)
and related Betsileo (760,000), on the one hand, and coastal tribes with
mixed Negroid, Malayo-Indonesian, and Arab ancestry on the other; coastal
tribes include Betsimisaraka 941,000, Tsimihety 442,000, Sakalava 375,000,
Antaisaka 415,000; there are also 38,000 French, 66,000 other
Religion: more than half animist; about 35% Christian, less than 10% Muslim
Language: French and Malagasy official
Literacy: 30% to 35%
Labor force: about 3.4 million, of which 90% are nonsalaried family workers
engaged in subsistence agriculture; of 175,000 wage and salary earners,
26% agriculture, 17% domestic service, 15% industry, 14% commerce, 11%
construction, 9% services, 6% transportation, 2% miscellaneous
Organized labor: 4% of labor force
GOVERNMENT:
Legal name: Malagasy Republic
Type: republic; under one-party rule since independence in June 1960
Capital: Tananarive
Political subdivisions: 6 provinces
Legal system: based on French civil law system and Islamic law; constitution
adopted 1959, amended 1960, 1962, and 1970; judicial review of legislative
acts in High Council of Institutions; legal education at National School of
Law, University of Tananarive; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Branches: executive -- President has wide powers, elected for 7-year term by
direct universal suffrage; legislative -- bicameral (National Assembly and
Senate); judicial -- patterned after French system
Government leader: President Philibert Tsiranana
Suffrage: universal for adults
Elections: held regularly but opposition parties are hampered by restrictions
on campaigning
Political parties and leaders: Parti Social Democrate (PSD), led by Tsiranana as
National President and a secretary General, appointed by National President,
for 1 year; leading opposition party is AKFM (Congress Party
for the Independence of Madagascar), led by Pastor Richard Andriamanjato
Voting strength: (1970 elections) President Tsiranana received 97% of votes cast;
PSD candidates for National Assembly won 94%; AKFM 3%
Communists: small Communist party under close surveillance by government
security forces; Communist party virtually of no importance; small and
vocal group of Communists has gained strong position in leadership
of AKFM, the rank and file of which is non-Communist
Member of: EAMA, FAO, IAEA, ICAO, ILO, IMCO, ITU, OAU, OCAM, Seabeds Committee,
U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO
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 ECONOMY: Approved For Release 2004/08/31 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000400010002-1
GNP: $794.2 million (1969), about $120 per capita; a real increase of 8.9% between
1968 and 1969, almost all due to price increases because of franc devaluation
Agriculture: cash crops -- coffee, vanilla, sugar, tobacco, sisal, rice, cloves,
raphia; food crops -- rice, cassava, cereals, potatoes, corn, beans,
bananas, coconuts, and peanuts; animal husbandry widespread; self-
sufficient in foodstuffs, but some milk and cereals imported
Fishing: catch 69,000 tons
Major industries: agricultural processing (meat canneries, soap factories,
brewery, tanneries, sugar refining), light consumer goods industries
(textiles, glassware), cement plant, auto assembly plant, paper mill, oil
refinery
Electric power: 14,600 kw. capacity (1970); 200 million kw.-hr. produced (1970),
30 kw.-hr. per capita
Exports: $104.9 million (f.o.b., 1969); coffee 28%, rice 8%, vanilla 10%, sugar
7%, petroleum products 4%, sisal 3%; mineral products, graphite and mica 3%;
agricultural and livestock products account for about 85% of export earnings
Imports: $145.0 million (f.o.b., 1969); consumer goods 46% -- food, beverages,
textiles, clothing; capital equipment 26% -- machinery, appliances, and
electrical; raw materials 28% -- cement, energy products, fertilizers
(percent figures for 1969)
Major trade partners: France (in 1969 accounted for 36% of exports and 52% of
imports); U.S., preferential tariffs to EC and franc zone countries; trade
with Communist countries remains a minute part of total trade
Monetary conversion rate: 278 Malagasy francs =US$l (official); member of
French franc zone
Fiscal year: calendar year
COMMUNICATIONS:
Railroads: 540 mi. of meter gage
Highways: 5,300 mi.; 1,550 mi. paved 2,550 mi. crushed stone, gravel, or stabi-
lized soil; 1,200 mi. improved and unimproved earth; remainder are tracks
Inland waterways: 1,200 mi. navigable; Lac Alaotra (200 sq. mi.)
Ports: 4 major, 13 minor
Merchant marine: 8 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 37,500 GRT, 54,100 DWT;
includes 6 cargo, 1 tanker, 1 specialized carrier
Civil air: 11 major transport aircraft
Airfields: 359 total, 178 usable; 24 with permanent-surface runways; 3 with run-
ways 8,000-11,999 ft,, 49 with runways 4,000-7,999 ft.; 6 seaplane stations
Telecommunications: telephone and telegraph generally adequate in urban areas;
25,300 telephones; 500,000 radio and 300 TV receivers; 4 AM, no FM, and
1 TV stations
DEFENSE FORCES:
Supply: largely dependent on France; has received some ground force materiel
from Israel and West Germany
Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1970, $12.2 million; about
7:8% of total budget
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36,700 sq. mi.; about 31% of land area arable (of which
less than half is cultivated), nearly 25% forested,
6% meadow and pasture, 38% other (1966)
Land boundaries: 1,790 mi.
PEOPLE:
Population: 4,736,000, average annual growth rate 3.0%
(FY69-70); males 15-49, 983,000; about 495,000 fit
for military service
Ethnic divisions: over 99% native African, less than 1%
European and Asian
Religion: majority animist; rest Christian and Muslim
Language: English and Chichewa official; Lomwe is second
African language
Literacy: 6% of population over 21 years old
Labor force: 120,000-150,000 wage earners (1966); 6,000 Europeans permanently
employed; 300,000 live and work in Rhodesia, South Africa, and Zambia; 30%
agriculture, 11% construction, 10% commerce, 13% manufacturing, 10% admini-
stration, 26% miscellaneous services
Organized labor: small minority of wage earners are unionized
GOVERNMENT:
Legal name: Republic of Malawi
Type: republic since July 1966; independent member of Commonwealth
Capital: Zomba
Political subdivisions: local government unit is the district
Legal system: based on English common law and customary law; constitution
adopted 1964; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court of
Appeal; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Branches: strong presidential system with cabinet appointed by President; uni-
cameral National Assembly of 60 elected and 15 nominated members; High
Court with Chief Justice and at least 2 justices
Government leader: President Hastings Kamuzu Banda
Suffrage: universal adult
Elections: scheduled for April 1971 but not held since MCP candidates were unopposed
Political parties and leaders: Malawi Congress Party (MCP), Dr. Hastings Kamuzu
Banda
Communists: no Communist Party; may be a few Communist sympathizers
Member of: FAO, GATT, IBRD, I.CAO, IFC, ILO, IMF, ITU, OAU, U.N., UNESCO, WHO, WMO
ECONOMY:
GDP: $319 million (1970), $70 per capita; average annual growth rate in constant
prices 5.3% (1964-70)
Agriculture: cash crops -- tea, tobacco, peanuts, cotton, tung; subsistence
crops -- corn, sorghum, millet, pulses, root crops, fruit, vegetables, rice
Electric power: 38,200 kw. capacity (1970); 133 million kw.-hr. produced (1970);
30 kw.-hr. per capita
Major industries: agricultural processing (tea, tobacco, sugar), sawmilling,
cement, consumer goods
Exports: $57 million (f.o.b., 1970); tea, tobacco, cotton, tung, peanuts
Imports: $82.1 million (f.o.b., 1970); manufactured goods, machinery and transport
equipment, food, fuels
Major trade partners: exports -- U.K., Zambia, Rhodesia, U.S.; imports -- U.K.,
Rhodesia, South Africa
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 ECONOMY (cont'd): Approved For Release 2004/08/31 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000400010002-1
Aid:
economic -- U.K. provides both budgetary and development support, about
$35 million through FY1971; U.S. aid commitments, $26 million (1962-70);
military -- U.K., $0.9 million (1954-68)
Monetary conversion rate: 1 Malawi kwacha=US$1.20 (official)
Fiscal year: 1 April - 31 March
COMMUNICATIONS:
Railroads: 352 mi. (3'6" gage)
Highways: 6,610 mi.; 430 mi. paved; 555 mi. crushed stone, gravel, or stabilized
soil; 5,625 mi. earth
Inland waterways: Lake Nyasa, 800 route mi. and Shire River, 90 mi.
Ports: 2 minor
Civil air: 4 major transport aircraft
Airfields: 37 total, 35 usable; 1 with permanent-surface runway; 7 with
runways 4,000-7,999 ft.; 1 seaplane station
Telecommunications: the system is barely above average for African countries
and consists of thinly spread open-wire lines, radio-relay links, and
radiocommunication stations; principal centers are Blantyre and Zomba;
11,500 telephones; 106,000 radio receivers; 5 AM, 4 FM and no TV stations
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NOTE:
Malaysia, which came into being on 16 September 1963,
consists of West Malaysia, which includes 11 states
of the former Federation of Malaya, plus East
Malaysia, which includes the 2 former colonies of
North Borneo (renamed Sabah) and Sarawa.k
LAND:
West Malaysia: 50,700 sq. mi.; 20% cultivated, 26%
forest reserves, 54% other (1965)
Sabah: 29,400 sq. mi.; 13% cultivated, 34% forest
53% other (1966)
reserves
,
Sarawak: 48,300 sq. mi.; 21% cultivated, 24% forest reserves, oo other
Land boundaries: West Malaysia 315 mi., East Malaysia 873 mi.
WATER:
Limits of territorial waters: 12 n. mi.
Coastline: West Malaysia, 1,045 mi., East Malaysia 1,439 mi.
PEOPLE:
Population: 10,912,000, average annual growth rate 2.7% (current)
West Malaysia: 9,210,000, average annual growth rate 2.7% (June 57-August 70);
males 15-49, 2,154,000; 1,320,000 fit for military service
Sabah: 655,000, average annual growth rate 3.3% (July 60-August 70); males
15-49, 156,000; 92,000 fit for military service
Sarawak: 1,047,000, average annual growth rate 3.0% (June 60-August 70);
males 15-49, 249,000; 148,000 fit for military service; conscription age
for Malaysia is 21 -- an age reached by about 1121,000 annually
Ethnic divisions:
Malaysia: 44% Malay, 36% Chinese, 8% tribal, 10% Indian and Pakistani,
2% other
West Malaysia: 50.1% Malay, 36.9% Chinese, 11% Indian and Pakistani,
2% other
Sabah: 23.1% Chinese, 67.3% indigenous tribes, 9.6% other
Sarawak: 31.5% Chinese, 50% indigenous tribes, 17.5% Malay, 1% other
Religion:
West Malaysia: Malays nearly all Muslim, Chinese predominantly Buddhists,
Indians predominantly Hindu
Sabah: 38% Muslim, 17% Christian, 45% other
Sarawak: 23% Muslim, 24% Buddhist and Confucianist, 16% Christian, 35%
tribal religion, 2% other
Language:
West Malaysia: Malay (official); English, Chinese dialects, Tamil
Sabah: English, Malay, numerous tribal dialects, Mandarin and Hakka dialects
predominate among Chinese
Sarawak: English, Malay, Mandarin, numerous tribal languages
Literacy:
West Malaysia: about 48%
Sabah and Sarawak: 23%
Labor force:
Malaysia: 3.45 million (1967)
West Malaysia: 2.9 million; 55% agriculture, forestry, and fishing, 11%
manufacturing and construction, 34% trade, transport, and services
199
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 ECONOMY (cont'd): Approved For Release 2004/08/31 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000400010002-1
Labor force (cont'd):
Sabah: 213,000 (1967); 80% agriculture, forestry, and fishing, 6% manu-
facturing and construction, 13% trade and transportation, 1% other
Sarawak: 341,000 (1967); 80% agriculture, forestry, and fishing, 6% manu-
facturing and construction, 13% trade, transportation, and services,
1% other
Organized labor: 370,000 (official 1967 est.) about 10.5% of total labor force;
28% of wage labor force; unemployment about 8% of total
labor force, but higher in urban areas
GOVERNMENT:
Legal name: Malaysia
Type:
Malaysia: constitutional monarchy nominally headed by Paramount Ruler (King)
West Malaysian states: hereditary rulers in all but Penang and Malacca where
Governors appointed by Malaysian Government; powers of state governments
limited by federal constitution
Sabah: self-governing state within Malaysia in which it holds 16 seats in
House of Representatives; foreign affairs, defense, internal security,
and other powers delegated to federal government
Sarawak: self-governing state within Malaysia in which it holds 24 seats in
House of Representatives; foreign affairs, defense, and internal security,
and other powers are delegated to federal government
Capital:
West Malaysia: Kuala Lumpur
Sabah: Kota Kinabalu (formerly Jesselton)
Sarawak: Kuching
Political subdivisions: 13 states (including Sabah and Sarawak)
Legal system: based on English common law; constitution came into force 1963;
judicial review of-legislative acts in the Supreme Court at request of
Supreme Head of the Federation; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Branches: 9 state rulers alternate as Paramount Ruler for 5-year terms; locus of
executive power vested in Prime Minister and cabinet, who are responsible
to bicameral parliament; following communal rioting in May 1969, govern-
ment imposed state of emergency and suspended constitutional rights of all
parliamentary bodies; parliamentary democracy resumed in February 1971
West Malaysia: executive branches of 11 states vary in detail but are similar
in design; a Chief Minister, appointed by hereditary ruler or Governor,
heads an executive council (cabinet) which is responsible to an elected,
unicameral legislature
Sarawak and Sabah: executive branch headed by Governor appointed by central
government, largely ceremonial role; executive power exercised by Chief
Minister who heads parliamentary cabinet responsible to unicameral
legislature; judiciary part of Malaysian judicial system
Government leader: Head of State, Tun Abdul Razak
Suffrage: universal over age 20
Elections: minimum of every 5 years
Political parties and leaders:
West Malaysia: Alliance Party consisting of United Malays National Organiza-
tion (UMNO), Tun Abdul Razak; Malaysian Chinese Association (MCA), Tan
Siew Sin; and Malaysian Indian Congress (MIC), V.T. Sambanthan; major
opposition parties -- Pan Malayan Islamic Party (PMIP), Dato Asri bin Haji
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 GOVERNMENT P(ppnO'/ For Rele se 2004/08/.,1 ? CIA-RDP79-01051A000400010002-1
Political parties and leaders con d)
West Malaysia (cont'd): Siew (acting);
Muda (acting); Labor Party of Malaya (LPM), Lim Kean
Democratic Action Party (DAP); Gerakan Rakyat Malaysia (GRM); minor
opposition parties -- Party Rakyat (PR), People's Progressive Party (PPP),
Partai Keadilan Masharakyat (KEMAS), United Malaysian Chinese Organization
(UMCO); Communist Party illegal
Sabah: United Sabah National Organization (USNO), Tun Mustapha b.in Dato
Harun; Sabah Chinese Association (SCA), Khoo Siak Chiew; no organized
opposition
Sarawak: coalition composed of Sarawak Alliance and Sarawak United Peoples
Party (SUPP), Ong Kee Hui; Opposition Sarawak National Party, Stephen
Ningkan
Voting strength:
West Malaysia: (1969 election) Alliance Party controls 9 of 11 state
legislatures, won estimated 49% of total vote; Pan-Malaysian Islamic
Party polled 24%; Democratic Action Party polled 12%; Gerakan 7%
Sabah: (October 1971 Assembly Elections) Alliance unopposed, opposition
candidates disqualified
Sarawak: (1970 elections) Alliance 24 seats, SNAP 12 seats, SUPP 11 seats;
SUPP has joined the Alliance to form a coalition state government
Member of: ADB, ASEAN, ASPAC, Commonwealth, FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IFC,
ILO, IMF, ITU, Seabeds Committee, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO
ECONOMY:
GNP:
Malaysia: $3.9 billion (1970), $360 per capita; average annual real growth
(1966-70) 6%
Agriculture:
West Malaysia: mixed plantation and subsistence; main crops -- rubber, rice,
oil palm; 25% of rice requirements imported
Sabah: mainly subsistence; main crops -- rubber, coconut, rice; food deficit
-- rice
Sarawak: main crops -- rubber, pepper; food deficit -- rice
Fishing: catch 406,000 tons, $93.2 million (1968)
Major industries:
West Malaysia: rubber and oil palm processing and manufacturing, tin mining
and smelting, logging and processing timber, light consumer goods
Sabah: logging
Sarawak: agriculture processing, petroleum refining, logging
Electric power:
West Malaysia: 908,000 kw. capacity (1970); 3.47 billion kw.-hr. produced
(1970), 373 kw.-hr. per capita
Sabah: 41,400 kw. capacity (1970); 85 million kw.-hr. produced (1969); 133
kw.-hr. per capita
Sarawak: 47,300 kw. capacity (1970); 98 million kw.-hr. produced (1969),
95 kw.-hr. per capita
Exports: $1,680 million
(f.o.b., 1970); 40% rubber, 18% tin, 15% timber
Imports: $1,393 million (c.i.f. 1970)
Major trade partners: exports -- Singapore, Japan, U.S.; imports -- Japan, U.S.,
Singapore, China
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 ECONOMY (cont'd): Approved For Release 2004/08/31 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000400010002-1
Monetary conversion rate:
Malaysia: 3.06 Malaysian dollars=US$l
Fiscal year: calendar year
COMMUNICATIONS:
Railroads: 8 mi. double track; government-owned
West Malaysia: 1,014 mi. 3'3 3/8" gage;
East Malaysia: 96 mi. meter gage in Sabah
Highways:
West Malaysia: 10,500 mi.; 8,925 mi. hard surfaced (mostly bituminous surface
treatment), 1,150 mi. crushed stone/gravel, 425 mi. improved or unimproved
earth
East Malaysia: about 3,140 mi. (1,608 in Sarawak, 1,532 in Sabah); 520 mi.
hard surfaced (mostly bituminous surface treatment), 1,853 mi. gravel or
crushed stone, 767 mi. earth
Inland waterways:
West Malaysia: 1,985 mi.
East Malaysia: 2,540 mi. (975 mi. in Sabah, 1,565 mi. in Sarawak)
Ports:
West Malaysia: 3 major, 10 minor
East Malaysia: 4 major, 7 minor (3 major, 3 minor in Sabah; 1 major, 4 minor
in Sarawak)
Merchant marine: 11 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 57,300 GRT, 67,600 DWT;
includes 9 cargo, 2 tanker
Civil air: 10 major transport aircraft
Pipelines: crude oil, 90 mi.; refined products, 35 mi.
Airfields:
West 2wiMalia:
tharunway108,0totl, 70 00x11,999uft., 111 with trunways n4,000-7,999 ft.; 3s;
seaplane stations
Sabah: 37 total, 32 usable; 5 with permanent-surface runways; 5 with runways
4,000-7,999 ft.; 3 seaplane stations
Sarawak: 48 total, 43 usable; 5 with permanent-surface runways; 4 with
runways 4,000-7,999 ft.
Telecommunications:
West Malaysia: good intercity service provided mainly by microwave relay;
international service good; good coverage by radio and television broad-
casts; 146,212 telephones; 430,000 radio and 130,000 TV receivers; 9 towns
have AM stations; no FM, 8 TV stations; submarine cables extend to India,
Ceylon, and Singapore; connected to SEACOM submarine cable terminal at
Singapore by microwave relay
Sabah: adequate intercity radio-relay network extends to Sarawak via Brunei;
10,246 telephones; 48,800 radio receivers; 3 AM, 1 FM, no TV stations;
SEACOM submarine cable links to Hong Kong and Singapore
no network
Sarawak:
no rTVe1~
TV wo receivers; 2 t AM, no h FM, via
telephones; 49,055 radio and radio-relay
12
stations
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 DEFENSE FOR Epsroved For Release 2004/08/31 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000400010002-1
External defense dependent on loose Five Power Defense Agreement (FPDA) which
replaced Anglo-Malayan defense agreement of 1957 as amended in 1963; FPDA,
effective as of 1 November 1971, also provides for small ANZUK Joint Force
composed of Australia, New Zealand, and U.K. ground, naval, and air elements,
headquarters in Singapore
Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1971, $262 million; 25%
of total budget
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 Approved For Release 2004/018A8!I:VE$A-RDP79-01051 A000400010002-1
LAND:
115 sq. mi.; 2,000 islands grouped into 12 atolls, 214
islands inhabited
WATER:
Limits of territorial waters: 2.75-55 n. mi. (fishing,
100-150 n. mi.)
Coastline: 400 mi. (approx.)
PEOPLE:
Population: 113,000, average annual growth rate 1.9% (FY69)
Ethnic divisions: presumed Aryan stock with Arab admixtures
Religion: official Sunni Muslim
Language: Divehi (dialect of Sinhala)
illiterate
l
l
y
arge
Literacy:
Labor force: fishing industry employs almost all the male population
GOVERNMENT:
Legal name: Republic of Maldives
Type: republic
Capital: Male
Political subdivisions: 19 administrative areas broken down by clusters of atolls
Legal system; based on Islamic law with admixtures of English common law primari-
ly in commercial matters; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Branches: popularly elected unicameral national legislature (Majlis) (members
elected for 5-year terms); elected President, chief executive; appointed
Chief Justice responsible for administration of Islamic law
Government leaders: President Ibrahim Nasir
Suffrage: universal over age 21
Political parties and leaders: no organized political parties; country governed
by the Didi clan for the past eight centuries
Member of: Colombo Plan, U.N.
ECONOMY:
GNP: under $100 per capita
Agriculture: crops -- coconut and millet; shortages -- rice, wheat
Fishing: catch 32,000 tons (1970)
Major industries: fishing; some coconut processing
Electric power: 2,500 kw. capacity (1970); 7 million kw.-hr. produced (1970),
65 kw.-hr. per capita
Exports: $2.5 million (f.o.b., 1967); fish
Imports: $2.5 million (c.i.f., 1967)
Major trade partner: Ceylon
Aid: U.K. (1960-65), $1.4 million drawn; Ceylon (1967), $1 million committed
Monetary conversion rate: 4.76 rupees=US$l
Fiscal year: calendar year
COMMUNICATIONS:
Railroads: none
Highways: none
Ports: 2 minor ports (Male and Gan)
Merchant marine: 20 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 53,400 GRT, 70,100 DWT;
includes 18 cargo, 2 bulk
Civil air: no major transport aircraft
Airfields: 3 total, 2 usable; 2 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runway
8,000-11,999 ft., 1 with runway 4,000-7,999 ft.
Telecommunications: no domestic and international telecommunication facilities;
200 telephones; 1,250 radio sets; 1 AM station
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 Approved For Release 2004/08fiI: CIA-RDP79-01051A000400010002-1
LAND:
465,000 sq. mi.; only about a fourth of area arable,
forests negligible, rest sparse pasture or desert
(1967)
Land boundaries: 4,635 mi.
PEOPLE:
Population: 5,206,000, average annual growth rate 2.4%
(FY69-70); males 15-49, 1,230,000; 690,000 fit for
military service; no conscription
Ethnic divisions: 99% native African including tribes of
both Berber and Negro descent
Religion: 90% Muslim, 9% animist, 1% Christian
Language: French official; most African languages,
of which Mande group
Literacy: under 5%
Labor force: approximately 60,000 salaried, 40,000 of whom are civil Servants;
most of population engaged in agriculture and animal husbandry
Organized labor: UNTM, which claimed all eligible nempl controlled disc lved; thirteen
national unions currently directed by a g
Committee of Mali Trade Unions (CCSM)
GOVERNMENT:
Legal name: Republic of Mali
Type: republic; under military regime since November 1968
Capital: Bamako
Political subdivisions: 6 administrative regions; 42 administrative districts
(cercles), arrondissements, villages; all subordinate to central government
Legal system: based on French civil law system and customary
compulsoryacts
ti jurisdiction
ICJn
te; has r not accepted legislative
adopted 1960, amended
Court 9 of ; Stajudicial
tional Section of Committee of National
Branches: executive authority exercised by Military
Liberation (MCNL) composed of 11 army officers; under MCNL functional
cabinet composed of civilians and army officers; judiciary
Government leaders: Col. Moussa Traore, president of MCNL, Chief of State' and
head of government
Suffrage: universal over age 21
Political parties and leaders: former Union Soudanaise-RDA dissolved and political
activity proscribed by military government
Elections: MCNL promises elections at unspecified date
Communists: there are a few Communists and a somewhat larger number of sympathizers;
some are under detention by MCNL
Member of: EAMA, FAO, IAEA, ICAO, ILO, IMF, ITU, OAU, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO
ECONOMY: capita about $50
GDP: about $245 million (FY69), per c
Agriculture: main crops -- millet, sorghum, rice, corn, peanuts; cash crops --
peanuts, cotton, livestock imports $6,000 (1969)
Fishing: exports $1,399,000 (1969); iMajor industries: small local consumer goods and processing
Electric power: 22,500 kw. capacity (1970); 38 million kw.-hr. produced (1970),
7 kw.-hr. per capita peanuts, dried fish, cotton,
Exports: $30.2 million (f.o.b., 1970); livestock, skins petroleum products,
1970); textiles, vehicles, p
Imports: $35.8 million (c.i.f.,
machinery, and sugar
Major trade partners: mostly with franc zone and Western Europe; also with U.S.S.R.
China
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 ECONOMY (cont' d) : Approved For Release 2004/08/31 : CIA-RDP79-0105~j000400010002-1
Monetary conversion rate: since August 1969, 555.4 Mali francs=
Fiscal year: calendar year
COMMUNICATIONS:
Railroads: 400 mi. meter gage
Highways: approximately 7,500 mi.; 870 mi. bituminous, 3,215 mi. gravel, 580 mi.
improved earth, 2,835 mi. unimproved earth
Inland waterways: 1,141 mi. navigable
Civil air: 7 major transport aircraft
Airfields: 55 total, 39 usable; 6 with permanent-surface runways; 2 with runway
8,000-11,999 ft., 11 with runways 4,000-7,999 ft.
Telecommunications: system poor and provides only minimum service to government,
business, and public; open-wire and radiocommunication used for long distance
telecommunications; radio sometimes only link to outlying points; 6,670
telephones; 60,000 radio receivers; 2 AM, no FM, and no TV stations
DEFENSE FORCES:
Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1971, $6,100,000; about 14.5%
of total budget
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 Approved For Release 2004/0, {YA: CIA-RDP79-01051A000400010002-1
ITC 7GQ
LAND:
121 sq. mi.; 50% arable, negligible amount forested,
remainder urban, waste, or other (1965)
WATER:
Limits of territorial waters: 3 n. mi.
Coastline: 87 mi.
Languagee g
Literacy: about 83%; compulsory education introduced in 1946
Labor force: 99,000; 39% services, 28% government, 22% manufacturing, 7%
agriculture, 4% unemployed
Organized labor: approximately 33% of labor force
PEOPLE:
Population: 323,000 (official estimate for 30 September
1970); males 15-49, 86,000; 65,000 fit for military
service
Ethnic divisions: mixture of Arab, Sicilian, Norman,
Spanish, Italian, British
Religion: 98% Roman Catholic
En lish and Maltese
GOVERNMENT:
Legal name: Malta
Type: independent state since September 1964, recognizing Elizabeth II as chief
of state
Capital: Valletta
Political subdivisions: 2 main populated islands, Malta and Gozo, divided into
10 electoral districts (divisions)
Legal system: based on English common law; constitution adopted 1961, came into
force 1964; has accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdication, with reservations
Branches: executive, consisting of prime minister and cabinet; legislative,
comprising 55-member House of Representatives; independent judiciary
Government leader: Prime Minister Dom Mintoff
Suffrage: universal over age 21; registration required
Elections: at the discretion of the Prime Minister, but must be held before the
expiration of a.5-year electoral mandate; last election June 1971
Political parties and leaders: Nationalist Party, George Borg Olivier; Malta Labor
Party, Dom Mintoff
Voting strength (1971 election): Labor, 28 seats; Nationalist, 27 seats
Member of: Commonwealth, Council of Europe, FAO, GATT, ICAO, ILO, IMF, Seabeds
Committee, TDB, U.N., UNESCO, WHO
ECONOMY:
GNP: $212 million (1969 current prices), $660 per capita; 71% private
consumption, 29% gross investment; 1969 growth rate 15% in current prices
Agriculture: overall, 20% self-sufficient; adequate supplies of vegetables, poultry,
milk and pork products; shortages in beef, grain, animal fodder, and fruits
at various seasons; main products -- potatoes, cauliflowers, grapes, wheat,
barley, tomatoes, citrus, cut flowers, green peppers, hogs, poultry, eggs
Major industries: ship repair yard, building industry, food manufacturing,
textiles, tourism
Shortages: most consumer and industrial needs (fuels and raw materials) must be
imported
Electric power: 85,000 kw. capacity (1970); 276 million kw.-hr. produced (1970),
570 kw.-hr. per capita
Exports: $38.2 million (1969); textiles, scrap metal, wine, agricultural
products, and footwear
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 Approved For Release 2004/08/31 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000400010002-1
ECONOMY (cont'd):
Imports: $147.6 million (1969)
Major trade partners: U.K. 44%, Italy 15.7%; EFTA 48%; EC 28.2%; Communist
countries 2.5%; North and Central America 3.8%
Aid: economic -- U.S., $8.3 million (1949-70), of which $0.3 million authorized
in 1968, $1.7 million authorized 1969 and $0.1 million authorized in 1970;
U.K. Financial Agreement (loans and grants) 1964-74, $140 million; IBRD $6
million through 1970, none since 1964; U.N. Special Fund $2.1 million through
1970, none in 1970; U.N. Technical Assistance $1.1 million through 1970, of
which $0.1 million in 1970
Monetary conversion rate: 1 Maltese Pound=US$2.40 (official)
Fiscal year: 1 April - 31 March
COMMUNICATIONS:
Highways: 743 mi., 625 mi. paved (asphalt), 85 mi. crushed stone, 15 mi. improved
earth, 18 mi. unimproved
Ports: 2 minor
Merchant marine: 5 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 29,500 GRT, 45,900 DWT;
includes 3 cargo, 2 bulk; 2 ships are foreign owned and operated
Civil air: no major transport aircraft
Airfields: 4 total, all usable; 4 with permanent-surface runways; 3 with runways
4,000-7,999 ft.; 1 seaplane station
Telecommunications: modern automatic telephone system centered in Valletta;
33,100 telephones; 67,000 radio receivers (including 46,700 subscribers to
the wired broadcast service of Rediffusion Malta, Ltd.); 50,000 television
receivers; 3 AM, 2 FM, and 1 TV stations; extensive wired broadcast service;
10 submarine cables
DEFENSE FORCES:
Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 March 1971, $739,200; about 1.6% of
central government bugdet
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 NIS 83 Approved For Release 2004/08pl aT:IPW DP79-01051A000400010002-1
LAND:
425 sq. mi.; 31% cropland, 16% pasture, 29% forest, 24%
wasteland, built on (1970)
WATER:
Limits of territorial waters: 3 n. mi.
Coastline: 180 mi.
PEOPLE:
Population: 347,000, average annual growth rate 1.8% (FY70);
males 15-49, included in France
Ethnic divisions: 90% African and African-Caucasian-Indian
mixture, 5% East Indian, 5% Caucasian
Religion: 95% Roman Catholic, 5% Hindu and pagan African
Language: French, Creole patois
Literacy: over 70%
Labor force: 100,000; 25% agriculture, 25% unemployed
Organized labor: 17% of labor force
ffltdft
5?
GOVERNMENT:
Legal name: Martinique
Type: overseas department of France; represented by 3 deputies in the French
National Assembly and 2 deputies in the Senate
Capital: Fort-de-France
Political subdivisions: 2 arrondissements; 34 communes, each with a locally
elected municipal council
Legal system: French civil law system; highest court is a court of appeal based
in Martinique with jurisdiction over Guadeloupe, Guiana, and Martinique
Branches: executive, Prefect appointed by Paris; legislative, popularly elected
council of 36 members; judicial, under jurisdiction of French judicial system
Government leader: Prefect Jean Terrade
Suffrage: universal over age 21
Political parties and leaders: Union of Democrats for the Republic (UDR), Emil
Maurice; Progressive Party of Martinique (PPM), Aime Cesaire; Communist
Party of Martinique (PCM), Armand Nicolas; Democratic Union of Martinique,
Leon-Laurent Valere; Socialist Party, leader unknown; Federation of the
Left, leader unknown
Voting strength: UDR, 2 seats in French National Assembly; PPM, 1 seat (1968
election)
Communists: 2,000, 10,000 sympathizers
Other political or pressure groups: Organization of the Anti-colonialist
Martinique Youth (OJAM), Proletarian Action Group (GAP)
ECONOMY:
GDP: $245 million (1968), $750 per capita; real growth rate 8% (1968, est.)
Agriculture: bananas, sugarcane, and pineapples
Major industries: agricultural processing, particularly sugar milling and rum
distillation; cement, oil refining and tourism
Electric power: 26,400 kw. capacity (1970); 74 million kw.-hrs. produced (1970),
219 kw.-hrs. per capita
Exports: $30 million (f.o.b., 1970), bananas, sugar, rum, pineapples
Imports: $146 million (c.i.f., 1970), foodstuffs, clothing and other consumer
goods, raw materials and supplies, and petroleum
Major trading partners: exports -- France 82%, Italy 9%, other 9%; imports --
France 70%, United States 6%, Netherlands Antilles 3%, Netherlands 3%, other
18% (1968)
Monetary conversion rate: US$1=5.5187 francs (commercial), US$1=5.3333 francs
(financial), 1 October 1971
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 ECONOMY (cont'd): Approved For Release 2004/08/31 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000400010002-1
Fiscal year: calendar year
COMMUNICATIONS:
Railroads: none
Highways: 1,100 mi.; 600 mi. paved, 500 mi. gravel and earth
Ports: 1 major (Fort-de-France), 5 minor
Civil air: no major transport
Airfields: 2 usable; 1 with permanent-surface runway; 1 with runway 4,000-7,999
ft; 1 seaplane station
Telecommunications: domestic facilities inadequate; international facilities
approaching saturation point; 15,900 telephones, 72% automatic; international
radiotelegraph carriers, 25 telex circuits; inter-island VHF radio links;
satellite earth station under construction and scheduled for completion at
end of 1971; 1 AM radio station and 1 TV station with 3 rebroadcast
transmitters; about 33,000 radio and 9,200 TV receivers
DEFENSE FORCES:
Defense is responsibility of France
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LAND:
419,000 sq. mi.; less than 1% suitable for crops, 10%
pasture, 90% desert (1970)
WATER:
Limits of territorial waters: 12 n. mi.
Coastline: 490 mi.
Labor force: about 18,000 wage earners (1964); remainder of population in
farming and herding
Organized labor: 18,000 union members claimed by single union, Mauritanian
Workers' Union
PEOPLE:
Population: 1,213,000, average annual growth rate 2.3%
(FY67-68); males 15-49, 287,000; 140,000 fit for
military service; conscription law not implemented
Ethnic divisions: 80% Moor, 20% Negro
Religion: nearly 100% Muslim
Language: French and Arabic official
Literacy: under 5%
GOVERNMENT:
Legal name: Islamic Republic of Mauritania
Type: republic; one-party presidential rule since 1960
Capital: Nouakchott
Political subdivisions: 7 regions and a capital administration
Legal system: based on French civil law system and Islamic law; constitution
adopted 1961; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court;
has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Branches: president; unicameral National Assembly of 50 elected members;
separate judiciary (appointed by president)
Government leader: President Moktar Ould Daddah
Suffrage: universal for adults
Elections: presidential and parliamentary election every 5 years; most recent
August 1971
Political parties and leaders: Mauritanian People's Party is only legal party,
Secretary General Moktar Ould Daddah
Communists: no Communist Party; sympathizers exist, particularly for Chinese
Communists
Member of: EAMA, FAO, ICAO, ILO, IMCO, ITU, OAU, Organization of Riparian States
of the Senegal River (OERS), Seabeds Committee, U.N., UNESCO, WHO, WMO
ECONOMY:
GDP: about $170 million (1968), about $150 per capita; average annual rate of
growth (real terms, 1962-66) 9%
Agriculture: most Mauritanians are nomads or subsistence farmers; main crops
-- livestock, small grains, dates; cash crops -- livestock, gum arabic
Fishing: catch, traditional river fishing, 15,000 tons (1969), traditional sea
fishing, 2,750 tons (valued at $437,000); fish supplied to processing plants
by foreign fishing fleets from France, Spain, Canary Islands using Mauritanian
waters; exports 21,090 tons, $7.3 million (1970)
Major industries: mining of iron ore, salt fishing, exploitation of copper
resources planned
Electric power: 20,200 kw. capacity (1970); 38 million kw.-hr. produced (1970),
32 kw.-hr. per capita
Exports: $71 million (f.o.b., 1967); iron ore, fish, gum arabic
Imports: $25 million (c.i.f., 1967); sugar, cloth, tea, and fuels
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Major trade partners: (trade figures not complete because Mauritania has a form
of customs union with Senegal and much local trade unreported) France and
other EC members, U.K., and U.S. are main overseas partners
Monetary conversion rate: 277 Communaute Financiere Africaine francs=US$l
(official)
Fiscal year: calendar year
COMMUNICATIONS:
Railroads: 400 mi. standard gage, single track, privately owned
Highways: 3,785 mi.; 220 mi. paved; 500 mi. gravel,. crushed stone, or otherwise
improved; 3,065 mi. unimproved
Inland waterways: 500 mi.
Ports: 3 major
Merchant marine: 1 cargo ship (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 1,520 GRT, 1,695 DWT
Civil air: 5 major transport aircraft
Airfields: 40 total, 29 usable; 9 with permanent-surface runways; 16 with run-
ways 4,000-7,999 ft.; 1 seaplane station
Telecommunications: telephone poor, telegraph fair; 1,200 telephones; 55,000
radio receivers; 1 AM, no FM or TV stations
DEFENSE FORCES:
Supply: dependent on France
Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1971, $5,400,000; 16.0%
of total budget
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 Approved For Release 2004iIlA-RDP79-01051 A000400010002-1
LAND:
720 sq. mi. (excluding dependencies); 50% agricultural, in-
tensely cultivated; 39% forests, woodlands, mountains,
river, and natural reserves; 3% built-up areas; 5%
water bodies, 2% roads and tracks, 1% permanent
wastelands (1970)
WATER:
Limits of territorial waters: 12 n. mi.
Coastline: 110 mi.
PEOPLE:
Population: 855,000, average annual growth rate 1.5%
(FY69); males 15-49, 201,000; 100,000 fit for military
service
Ethnic divisions: Indians 67%, Creoles 29%, Chinese 3.5%, English and French 0.5%
Religion: 51% Hindu, 33% Christian (mostly Catholic with a few Anglican
Protestants), 16% Muslim
Language: English official language; Hindi, Chinese, French Creole
Literacy: not known, but very high (90% of school ag30~hildrenemnlsyho,lunder-
Labor force: 120,000; 65% agriculture, 5% industry;
employed, or self-employed
Organized labor: about 10% of labor force
GOVERNMENT:
Legal name: Mauritius
Type: independent state since 1968, recognizing Elizabeth II
as chief of state
Capital: Port Louis
political subdivisions: 5 "organized municipalities" and various island
dependencies
Legal system: based on French civil law system with elements of English common
law in certain areas; constitution adopted 6 March 1968
Branches: executive power exercised by Prime Minister and 15-man Council of
Ministers; unicameral legislature (National Assembly) with 62 members elected
by direct suffrage and 8 specially elected
Government leader: Prime Minister Dr. S. Ramgoolam
Suffrage: universal over age 21
Elections: last held in August 1967; next scheduled in 1972 postponed at least
4 years by constitutional amendment
Political parties and leaders: a loose government coalition consisting of Labor
Party (S. Ramgoolam), Muslim Committee of Action (A. R. Mohamed), and Parti
Mauricien Social Democrate (G. Duval); Independent Forward Bloc (S.
Bissoondoyal); Mauritius Democratic Union (M. Lesage); a few independents;
Mouvement Militant Mauritian (P. Berenger)
Voting strength: Muslim Committee of Action, 6 seats; Independent Forward Bloc,
7 seats; Mauritius Labor Party, 32 seats; Mauritius Democratic Union, 12 seats;
Parti Mauricien Social Democrate, 10 seats; independent 2 seats; Mouvement
Militant Mauritian 1 seat
Communists: may be 2,000 sympathizers; several Communist organizations; Mauritius
Lenin Youth Organization, Mauritius Women's Committee, Mauritius Communist
Party, Mauritius People's Progressive Party, Mauritius Young Communist League,
Mauritius Liberation Front, Chinese Middle School Friendly Association,
Mauritius/USSR Friendship Society
Other political or pressure groups: Tamil United Party, Mauritius Workers Party
Member of: Commonwealth, OAU, ICAM, U.N.
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 ECONOMY: Approved For Release 2004/08/31 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000400010002-1
GNP: est. $157 million (1969), approximately $200 per capita
Agriculture: sugar crop is major economic asset; about 40% of land area is planted
to sugar;. tea production rising slowly; most food imported -- rice is the
staple food -- and since cultivation is already intense and expansion of
cultivable areas is unlikely, heavy reliance on food imports except sugar
and tea will continue
Shortage: land
Industries: mainly confined to processing sugarcane, tea; some small-scale,
simple manufactures; tobacco fiber; some fishing; tourism, diamond cutting,
weaving and textiles
Electric power: 61,340 kw. capacity (1970); 134 million kw.-hr. produced (1970),
160 kw.-hr. per capita
Exports: $66.1 million (f.o.b., 1969); 33% foodstuffs (rice, wheat, flour,
meat, fruit); manufactured goods, machinery, chemicals, fuels
Imports: $59.2 million (1969); foodstuffs 40%, manufactured goods 18%
Major trade partners: U.K. has preferential treatment, buys over 50% of Mauritius'
sugar export at heavily subsidized prices; small amount of sugar exported to
Canada, U.S., and Italy; imports from U.K. and EC primarily, also from South
Africa, Australia, and Burma; some minor trade with China
Aid: U.K. financed 40% of 1960-66 development programs with loans and grants
totaling $33 million; U.K.'s sugar subsidies amount to approx. $30 million
annually; U.S. $4.1 million since 1967 (P.L. 480); Soviet Union made some
small-scale offers in 1969
Monetary conversion rate: 5.55 Mauritian rupees=US$l
Fiscal year: 1 July - 30 June
COMMUNICATIONS:
Highways: 1,100 mi.; 990 mi. paved, 110 mi. earth
Civil air: no major transport aircraft
Ports: 1 major, 2 minor
Airfields: 6 total, 5 usable; 1 with permanent-surface runway 8,000-11,999 ft.
Telecommunications: 16,800 telephones; radio telegraph service with Reunion,
Malagasy Republic, Seychelles, Zanzibar, and other places in Africa; 1 AM,
no FM, and 4 TV stations; 103,500 radio and 18,800 TV sets; submarine cables
extend to Republic of South Africa and Seychelles Islands
DEFENSE FORCES:
Military bud et: for fiscal year 1971-72, $2,864,000 (combined military and internal
security; 6.1% of total budget
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 Approved For Release 2004/OWAMCIA-RDP79-01051 A000400010002-1
0.6 sq. mi.
Land boundaries: 2.3 mi.
WATER:
Limits of territorial waters: claims 3 n. mi. (fishing 12
n. mi.)
Coastline 2.6 mi.
PEOPLE:
Population: 24,000 (official estimate for 30 September 1970)
Ethnic divisions: Rhaetian stock
Religion: Roman Catholicism is official state religion
Language: French
Literacy: almost complete
Labor force: not available
Organized labor: not available
GOVERNMENT:
Legal name: Principality of Monaco
Type: constitutional monarchy
Capital: Monaco
Political subdivisions: 4 sections
Legal system: based on French law; new constitution adopted 1962; has not
accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Branches: National Council (18 members); Communal Council (15 members, headed
by a mayor)
Government leader: Prince Rainier III
Suffrage: universal
Elections: National Council every 5 years; most recent 1968
Political parties and leaders: National Union of Independents, National Democratic
Entente (1965)
Voting strength: figures for 1968 election not available; (1958) 61% National
Union of Independents, 39% National Democratic Entente
Communists: not available
Member of:.IAEA, IHB, ITU, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO
ECONOMY:
GNP: 55% tourism; 25%-30% industry (small and primarily tourist oriented); 10%-15%
registration fees and sales of postage stamps; about 4% traceable to the Monte
Carlo casino
Major industries: chemicals, food processing, precision instruments, glassmaking,
printing
Electric power: 8,000 kw. capacity (1970); 60 million kw.-hr. supplied by France
(1970), 2,250 kw.-hr. per capita
Trade: full customs integration with France, which collects and rebates Monacan
trade duties
Monetary conversion rate: 5.55419 francs=US$l
COMMUNICATIONS:
Railroads: 1 mi. (see France)
Highways: none; city streets
Ports: 1 minor
Merchant marine: 4 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 27,400 GRT, 40,300 DWT;
includes 2 cargo, 2 tankers
Civil air: no major aircraft
Airfields: none
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 COMMUNICATIONS (contqo roved Fob- I Q~/ 1 ~ RO 961?ffi~ b ar 62-1
Telecommunicatios: serve
telephone system with about 14,800 telep5 10O;TVnreceiveorsal roa ca ,
FM and TV facilities; 10,500 radio and
DEFENSE FORCES:
France responsible for defense
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 NIS 40 Approved For Release 2004/9?QtiIgIA-RDP79-01051A000400010002-1
LAND:
604,100 sq. mi.; almost 90% of land area is pasture or
desert wasteland, varying in usefulness, less than
1% arable, 10% forested (1971)
Land boundaries: 4,975 mi.
Religion: predominantly Tibetan Buddhist, about 4% Muslim, limited religious
activity because of Communist regime
Languages: Khalkha Mongol used by over 90% of population; minor languages
include Turkic, Russian, and Chinese
Literacy: about 80%
Labor force: primarily agricultural, over half the population is in the labor
force, including a large percentage of Mongolian women; acute shortage of
both skilled and unskilled labor (no reliable information available)
PEOPLE:
Population: 1,344,000, average annual growth rate 3.0%
(current); males 15-49, 286,000; 185,000 fit for
military service; average number reaching military
age (18) annually, about 14,000
Ethnic divisions: 90% Mongol, 4% Kazakh, 2% Chinese, 2%
Russian 2% other
GOVERNMENT:
Legal name: Mongolian People's Republic
Type: Communist state
Capital: Ulaanbaatar
Political subdivisions: 18 provinces and 2 autonomous municipalities (Ulaanbaatar
and Darhan)
Legal system: blend of-Russian, Chinese, and Turkish systems of law; constitution
adopted 1940; no constitutional provision for judicial review of legislative
acts; legal education at Ulaanbaatar State University; has not accepted
compulsory I-CJ jurisdiction
Branches: constitution provides for a Great People's Hural (national assembly)
and a highly centralized administration
Party and government leader: Y. Tsedenbal, First Secretary of the MPRP and
Chairman of the Council of Ministers
Suffrage: universal; age 18 and over
Elections: national assembly elections held in June 1969; next elections
scheduled for 1972
Political party: Mongolian People's Revolutionary (Communist) Party (MPRP);
estimated membership, 48,500 (less than 5% of the population)
Member of: CEMA, ECAFE, U.N., WHO
ECONOMY:
Agriculture: self-sufficient in animal products; main crops -- wheat, oats,
barley
Industries: processing of animal products and building materials; mining
Exports: animal and dairy products, fluorspar, woolen textiles, leather shoes,
glass, and paper
Imports: machinery and equipment, petroleum., cloth, coal, and building materials,
sugar, and tea
Aid: heavily dependent on U.S.S.R.
Monetary conversion rate: 4 tugriks=US$l (arbitrarily established)
Fiscal year: calendar year
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1, 0 mi? e
Railroads: 1,130 route mi.; 800 mi. broad gage 5'C
(3'3 3/8") (1971)
Highways: 52,000 mi.; 125 mi. paved, 5,275 mi. improved natural surface and
gravel, 46,600 mi. unimproved earth (1971)
DEFENSE FORCES: by U.S.S.R.
Supply: military equipment supplied
Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1969, 131.7 million tugriks,
7% of total budget; value in dollars $33 million (est.)
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LAND:
158,000 sq. mi.; 19% farmland and orchard, 19% pasture,
20% forest and esparto, 42% desert, waste, or urban
(1965)
Land boundaries: 1,240 mi.
WATER:
Limits of territorial waters: 3 n. mi. (fishing, 12 n. mi.)
Coastline: 1,140 mi.
Ethnic divisions: 98.9% Arab-Berber, .25% Hebrew, 1% non-Moroccan
Religion: 9% Muslim, 1% Christian, .25% Jewish
Language: Arabic (official); several Berber dialects; French is language of much
business, government, diplomacy, and education
Literacy: 10% to 15%
Labor force: 4.4 million; 70% agriculture, 15% industry, 15% other (military,
police, civil service, transportation, mines, teachers, merchants,
construction workers)
Organized labor: 10% to 15% of labor force
PEOPLE:
Population: 16,324,000, average annual growth rate 3.2%
(FY69); males 15-49, 3,897,000; 2,645,000 fit for
military service; about 180,000 reach military age (18)
annually; limited conscription
GOVERNMENT:
Legal name: Kingdom of Morocco
Type: constitutional monarchy (constitution adopted 1970)
Capital: Rabat
Political subdivisions: 19 provinces and 2 prefectures
Legal system: based on Islamic law and French and Spanish civil law system;
judicial review of legislative acts in Constitutional Chamber of Supreme
Court; modern legal education at branches of Mohamed V University in Rabat
and Casablanca and Karaouine University in Fes; has not accepted compulsory
ICJ jurisdiction
Branches: constitution provides for Prime Minister and ministers named by and
responsible to King; King has paramount executive powers; unicameral
legislature; judiciary independent of other branches
Government leaders: King Hassan II; Prime Minister Mohamed Karim-Lamrani
Suffrage: universal over age 20
Elections: 150 members of parliament indirectly elected on 21 August 1970 and
remaining 90 directly elected on 28 August 1970
Political parties and leaders: Istiqlal Party, Allal el-Fassi; Popular Movement
(MP), Mahjoubi Aherdan; Constitutional and Democratic Popular Movement
(MPCD), Dr. Abdelkrim Khatib; National Union of Popular Forces (UNFP),
collegial leadership of Abderrahim Bouabid, Abdallah Ibrahim, and Mahjoub
Ben Seddik; Democratic Socialist Party (PSD), Ahmed Reda Guedira; Party for
Liberation and Socialism (PLS), established in June 1968 and banned September
1969, is front for Moroccan Communist Party (MCP), which was proscribed in
1959, Ali Yata; Istiqlal and the UNFP formed a National Front in July 1970
to oppose the new constitution, boycotted the parliamentary elections
Voting strength: (1970 election) not yet available; new parliament is composed
of 158 Independents, 60 Popular Movement, 9 Istiqlal, 2 UNFP, 11 other
Communists: 300 est.
Member of: Arab League, EC (association until 1974), FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA,
ILO, IMC, IMCO, IMF, ITU,.OAU, Seabeds Committee (observer), U.N., UNESCO,
UPU, WHO, WMO
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 ECONOMY: Approved For Release 2004/08/31 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000400010002-1
Agriculture: cereals farming and livestock raising predominate; main crops --
cereals, citrus fruit, wine, truck garden produce, olives
Major industries: mining and mineral processing, food processing, textiles
Electric power: 748,300 kw. capacity (1970); 1,850 million kw.-hr. produced
(1970), 115 kw.-hr. per capita
Monetary conversion rate: 5.06 dirhams=US$1 (IMF par value)
Fiscal year: calendar year
COMMUNICATIONS:
Railroads: 1,105 mi. standard gage, 100 mi. double track; 454 mi. electrified
Pipelines: crude oil, 86 mi.; refined products, 307 mi.; natural gas, 18 mi.
Ports: 8 major, 12 minor
Merchant marine: 12 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 35,100 GRT, 46,000 DWT;
includes 10 cargo, 2 specialized carrier
Civil air: 10 major transport aircraft
Airfields: 139 total, 84 usable; 23 with permanent-surface runways; 2 witn
runways over 12,000 ft., 8 with runways 8,000-11,999 ft., 40 with runways
4,000-7,999 ft.; 4 seaplane stations
Telecommunications: superior system by African standards composed of open wave
lines, coaxial multi-conductor and submarine cables and radio relay links;
principal centers Casablanca and Rabat, secondary centers Fes, Marrakech,
Oujda, Sebaa Aioun, Tangier and Ftetouan; 170,000 telephones; 934,689 radio
and 173,904 TV receivers; 25 Moroccan AM, 1 Voice of America AM, 3 FM, 17 TV
stations; 11 submarine cables
DEFENSE FORCES:
Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1970, $140.8 million; 17.5%
of total budget
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 NIS 58 Approved For Release 20044ni
LAND:
292,000 sq. mi.; 30% arable, of which 1% cultivated, 56%
woodland and forest, 14% wasteland and inland water
(1966)
Land boundaries: 2,885 mi.
WATER:
Limits of territorial waters: 6 n. mi. (fishing, 12 n. mi.)
Coastline: 1,800 mi.
PEOPLE:
Population: 8,421,000, average annual growth rate 2.2%
(September 60-December 70); males 15-49, 1,953,000;
service
ilitar
y
940,000 fit for m
Ethnic divisions: 97.5% native Africans, 2.5% Europeans and Asians
Religion: primarily animist, 1,100,000 Muslims, 860,000 Christians
Language: Portuguese (official); many tribal dialects
Literacy: 7%
Labor force: (1963 est.) 610,000; 50,000 non-African wage earners, 560,000
African wage earners in Mozambique; 290,000 additional African wage earners
temporarily working in Rhodesia and South Africa; unemployment serious
problem, most native Africans provide unskilled labor or remain in
subsistence agricultural sector
Organized labor: approx. 44,000 (end of 1970); 75% are white
GOVERNMENT:
Legal name: Province of Mozambique
Type: overseas province of Portugal
Capital: Lourenco Marques
Political subdivisions: province divided into 10 districts administered by
district governors; municipalities governed by appointed official
Legal system: based on Portuguese civil law system and customary law
Branches: Governor General appointed by Lisbon is chief executive officer for
internal administration; he also has certain legislative powers which he
exercises with a legislative council; all action in province may be vetoed
by Minister of Overseas in Lisbon; judiciary is constitutionally independent
Government leader: Governor General Manuel Pimentel dos Santos
Suffrage: all adults able to read and write Portuguese and in full possession of
political and civil rights
Political parties and leaders: National Popular Action (ANP), formerly the
National Union (UN), provincial president Manuel Montiero Ribeiro Jeloso; no
legal opposition political parties
Other political or pressure groups: the National Liberation Front (FRELIMO), led
by Moises Samora Machel, operates primarily from Tanzania; Revolutionary
Committee (COREMO), led by Paulo Gumane, based in Zambia
ECONOMY:
GNP: $700 million (est. 1966), about $100 per capita
Agriculture: cash crops -- raw cotton, cashew nuts, sugar, tea, copra, sisal;
other crops -- corn, wheat, peanuts, potatoes, beans, sorghum, and cassava;
self-sufficient in food except for wheat which must be imported
Major industries: food processing (chiefly sugar, tea, wheat, flour, cashew
kernels); chemicals (vegetable oil, oilcakes, soap, paints); petroleum
products; beverages; textiles; nonmetallic mineral products (cement, glass,
asbestos, cement products); tobacco
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ECONOMY (cont'd):
Electric power: 232,000 kw. capacity (1969); 464 million kw.-hr. produced (1969),
64 kw.-hr. per capita
Exports: $149 million (f.o.b., 1970); cotton, sugar, cashew nuts, mineral products,
timber products, tea, copra, petroleum products
Imports: $288 million (c.i.f., 1970); machinery and electrical equipment, cotton
textiles, vehicles, petroleum products, wine, iron and steel
Major trade partners: over one-third of foreign trade with Portugal; South Africa,
U.S., U.K., West Germany
Aid: from Portugal only
Monetary conversion rate: 28.75 escudos=US$l (official)
Fiscal year: calendar year
COMMUNICATIONS: (6 mi. double track), 92 mi. 2'5 1/2"
Railroads: 2,437 mi.; 2,345 mi. 3'6" gage
gage
Highways: 20,000 mi.; 1,000 mi. paved; 19,000 other (mostly earth)
Inland waterways: approx. 2,330 mi. of navigable routes
Pipelines: crude oil, 186 mi.
Ports: 3 major, 13 minor
Civil air: 16 major transport aircraft
Airfields: 319 total, 277 usable; 14 with permanent-surface runways; 5 with run-
ways 8,000-11,999 ft., 24 with runways 4,000-7,999 ft.; 5 seaplane stations
Telecommunications: system ranks at the bottom toptwo-fifths
suoflAfrican
systems and employs a basic low-capacity open-wire by numerous small radiocommunication stations and a single tropospheric
hscatter system; important centers are Lourenco Marques, Beira,
and Tete; 25,400 telephones; 110,000 radio receivers; 9 AM, 1 FM, and no
TV stations
DEFENSE FORCES:
Defense is responsibility of Portugal
Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1971, $34.6 million; about
12.6%.of national budget
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LAND:
8.2 sq. mi.; insignificant arable land, no urban areas,
extensive phosphate mines (1970)
WATER:
Limits of territorial waters: 3 n. mi. (fishing, 12 n. mi.
Coastline: 15 mi.
PEOPLE:
Population: 7,000 (official estimate for 30 June 1969);
males 15-49, about 1,800; fit for military service,
about 950; average number reaching military age (18)
annually, 1971-75, less than 100
Ethnic divisions: 2,921 Nauruans, 1,167 Chinese, 428
Europeans, 1,532 other Pacific Islanders
Religion: Christian (2/3 Protestant, 1/3 Catholic)
Language: Nauruan, a distinct Pacific Island tongue; English, the language of
school instruction, spoken and understood by nearly all
Literacy: nearly universal
GOVERNMENT:
Legal name: Republic of Nauru
Type: republic; independent since January 1968
Capital: no capital city per se; government offices in Uaboe District
Political subdivisions: 14 districts
Branches: President elected from and by Parliament for an unfixed term; popularly
elected unicameral legislature, the Parliament; Cabinet to assist the
President,. four members, appointed by President from Parliament members
Government leader: President Hammer De Roburt
Suffrage: universal adult
Political parties and leaders: De Roburt is only significant political figure;
has almost universal support of Nauruans
Member of: no present plans to join U.N. or other international agencies; enjoys
"special membership" in Commonwealth
ECONOMY:
GNP: $25 million (1970), $3,570 per capita
Agriculture: negligible; almost completely dependent on imports for food, water
Major industries: mining of phosphates, about 2 million tons per year (1966)
Electric power: 7,600 kw. capacity (1969); 17 million kw.-hr. produced (1969),
2,429 kw.-hr. per capita
Exports: $17 million (f.o.b., 1968), consisting entirely of phosphates
Imports: $5 million (c.i.f., 1968)
Major trade partners: Australia, New Zealand, and United Kingdom
Monetary conversion rate: 1 Australian dollar=US$1.12 (official)
Fiscal year: 1 July - 30 June
COMMUNICATIONS:
Railroads: none
Highways: about 17 mi.; 13 mi. paved, 4 mi. improved earth
Inland waterways: none
Ports: 1 minor
Merchant marine: 3 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 23,800 GRT; 25,500 DWT;
includes 2 cargo, 1 bulk
Civil air: no major transport aircraft
Airfields: 1, coral-surfaced, 5,270 ft.
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COMMUNICATIONS (cont'd ):
Telecommunications: adequate interisland and international radiocommunications
provided via Australian facilities; 381 telephones; 1 AM, but no TV or FM
radiobroadcasting facilities; number of radios unknown
DEFENSE FORCES:
No formal defense structure and no regular armed forces
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LAND:
54,600 sq. mi.; 16% agricultural area, 14% permanent meadows
and pastures, 38% alpine land (unarable), waste, or
urban; 32% forested (1966)
Land boundaries: 1,720 mi.
Mongolian racial strains; country divided among many quasi-tribal communities
Religion: only official Hindu Kingdom in world, although no sharp distinction
between many Hindu and Buddhist groups; small groups of Muslims and Christians
Language: 20 mutually unintelligible languages divided into numerous dialects;
Nepali official language and lingua franca for much of the country; same
script as Hindi
Literacy: about 12%
Labor force: 4.1 million; 95% agriculture, 5% industry; great lack of skilled
labor
PEOPLE:
Population: 11,343,000, average annual growth rate 1.8%
(FY69); males 15-49, 2,796,000; 1,410,000 fit for
military service; 129,000 reach military age (17)
annually
Ethnic divisions: two main categories, Indo-Nepalese
(about 80%) and Tibeto-Nepalese (about 20%),
representing considerable intermixture of Indo-Aryan and
GOVERNMENT:
Legal name: Kingdom of Nepal
Type: constitutional monarchy; King Mahendra exercises autocratic control over
multitiered panchayat system of government
Capital: Kathmandu
Political subdivisions: 75 districts, 14 zones
Legal system: based on Hindu legal concepts and English common law; legal
education at Nepal Law College in Kathmandu; has not accepted compulsory
ICJ jurisdiction
Branches: Council of Ministers appointed by the King; indirectly elected
National Panchayat (Assembly)
Government leader: King Mahendra Bir Bikram Shah Deva; Prime Minister Kirti Nidhi
Bista
Suffrage: universal over age 21
Elections: village and town councils (panchayats) elected by universal suffrage;
district, zonal, and National Panchayat members indirectly elected, most
for 6-year terms; 15 National Panchayat members elected from five class
organizations (women, workers, youth, and ex-servicemen), four directly
elected by all voters possessing a B.A. or its equivalent, and 16 are
appointed by the King
Political parties and leaders: all political parties outlawed
Member of: ADB, FAO, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, ILO, IMF, ITU, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO
ECONOMY:
GDP: $1 billion (1969), less than $100 per capita
Agriculture: over 90% of population engaged in agriculture; main crops -- rice,
corn, wheat, sugarcane, oilseeds; largely self-sufficient
Major industries: small rice, jute, sugar, and oilseed mills; match, cigarette,
and brick factories
Electric power: 44,000 kw. capacity (1970); 61 million kw.-hr. produced (1970),
6 kw.-hr. per capita
Exports: $55 million (FY69 est.); rice and other food products, jute, timber
Imports: $62 million (FY69 est.); manufactured consumer goods, food grains and
food products
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 ECONOMY (cont'd):
Major trade p Ryp_d oF, -r F? pa i2a004/08/31 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000400010002-1
Monetary conversion rate: 10.1 Nepalese rupees=US$l
Fiscal year: 15 July - 14 July
COMMUNICATIONS:
Railroads: 63 mi., all narrow gage (2'6"); 50% government owned; all in Teraiarea
close to Indian border and little used
Highways: 1,660 mi.; 410 mi. paved, 255 mi. gravel or crushed stone, 475 mi.
improved earth; 525 mi. unimproved earth, 200 mi. of seasonally motorable
tracks
Airfields: 47 total, 45 usable; 4 with permanent-surface runways; 5 with runways
4,000-7,999 ft.
Telecommunications: poor telephone and telegraph service; good radiocommunication
and broadcast service; international radiocommunication service is poor;
5,400 telephones, 55,000 radio and no TV sets, 2 AM, no FM, and no TV stations
DEFENSE FORCES:
Supply: all military supplies imported; India, U.K., U.S. principal suppliers
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 Approved For Release 20ONgWi~ICAf-RDP79-01051 A000400010002-1
LAND:
13,100 sq. mi.; 25% arable, 31% meadows and pastures,
31% waste or urban, 8% forested; inland water areas
excluded (1968)
Land boundaries: 635 mi.
WATER:
Limits of territorial waters: 3 n. mi. (fishing, 12 n. mi,.)
Coastline: 280 mi.
PEOPLE:
Population: 13,261,000, average annual growth rate 1.1%
(current); males 15-49, 3,320,000; 2,980,000 fit for
military service; average number reaching military age
(20) annually 116,000
Ethnic divisions: 99% Dutch, 1% Indonesian and other
Religion: 41% Protestant, 40% Roman Catholic, 19% unaffiliated
Language: Dutch
Literacy: 98%
Labor force: 4.7 million; 30% manufacturing, 24% services, 16% commerce, 10%
agriculture, 9% construction, 7% transportation and communications, 4%
other; 1.05% registered unemployed; no shortage of skilled labor but shortage
of semi-skilled labor; 129,000 unfilled vacancies reported by employers in
January, 1971
Organized labor: 33% of labor force
GOVERNMENT:
Legal name: Kingdom of the Netherlands
Type: constitutional monarchy
Capital: Amsterdam, but government resides at The Hague
Political subdivisions: 11. provinces governed by centrally appointed commissioners
of Queen
Legal system: civil law system incorporating French penal theory; constitution
of 1815 frequently amended, reissued 1947; judicial review in the Supreme
Court of legislation of lower order than Acts of Parliament; legal education
at six law schools; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations
Branches: executive, (Queen and Cabinet of Ministers), which is responsible to
bicameral states general (parliament); independent judiciary
Government leader: Barend Willem Biesheuvel, Prime Minister.
Suffrage: universal over age 21
Elections: must be held at least every 4 years for lower house (most recent
April 1971), and every 3 years for upper house (most recent April 1971)
Political parties and leaders: Catholic People's Party (KVP), A.P. van der Stee;
Antirevolutionary (ARP), A. Veerman; Labor (PvdA), Andre van der Louw; Liberal
(VVD), Mrs. H. van Someren-Downer; Christian Historical Union (CHU),
Prof. J. W. van Hulst; Democrats '66 (D-66), J. Beekmans; Communist (CPN),
Henk Hoekstra; Pacifist Socialist (PSP), H. Wiebenga; Political Reformed
(SGP), H. G. Abma; Reformed Political Union (GVP), W. G. Beeftink; Radical
Party (PPR), J. Tonnaer; Democratic Socialist '70 (DS-70), Dr. Wilhelm
Dress, Jr.
Voting strength (1971 election): 21.9% KVP, 10.3% VVD, 8.6% ARP, 6.3%'CHU, 24.6%
PvdA, 6.8% D-66, 5.3% DS-70, 3.9% CPN, 1.4% PSP, 1.8% PRP, 2.4% SGP, 1.6% GVP
Communists: 10,200 members; 246,328 votes in 1971 election
Member of: Benelux, Council of Europe, ECE, ECSC, EC, EMA, EURATOM, FAO, IAEA,
IBRD, ICAO, IHB, NATO, OECD, Seabeds Committee (observer), U.N., UNESCO, WEU,
WHO
231
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 ECONOMY: Approved For Release 2004/08/31 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000400010002-1
GNP: $31.3 billion (1970), $2,410 per capita (based on 1970 population); 56%
consumption, 29% investment, 16% government, -1% net exports of goods and
services; 1970 growth rate 5.9%, in 1963 constant prices
Agriculture: animal husbandry predominates; main crops -- horticultural crops,
grains, potatoes, sugar beets; food shortages -- grains, fats, oils; caloric
intake, 3,030 calories per day per capita (1967-68)
Fishing: catch 323,100 metric tons, $66,938,000 (1969); exports $94,542,000
(1969), imports $82,531,000 (1969)
Major industries: food processing, metal and engineering products, electrical and
electronic machinery and equipment, chemicals, and petroleum products
Shortages: crude petroleum, raw cotton, base metals and ores, pulp, pulpwood,
lumber, feedgrains, and oilseeds
Crude steel: 5 million metric tons produced (1970), 383 kilograms per capita
Electric power: 10,682,000 kw. capacity (1970); 38.7 billion kw.-hr. produced
(1970), 2,869 kw.-hr. per capita
Exports: $11,772 million (f.o.b.,. 1970); foodstuffs, machinery, transportation
equipment, consumer manufactures, chemicals, petroleum products, textiles
Imports: $13,392 million (c.i.f., 1970); machinery, transportation equipment,
consumer manufactures, crude petroleum, foodstuffs, chemicals, raw cotton,
base metals and ores, pulp
Major trade partners: (1970) 58.7% EC, 29.7% W. Germany, 15.5% Belgium-
Luxembourg, 8.7% France, 12.9% EFTA, 6.3% U.K., 7.2% U.S., 1.7% Eastern
Europe
economic -- (received) U.S., $1,279 million authorized (FY46-69); none
since FY58; IBRD, $236 million authorized (FY46-58), none since 1958;
military -- (received) U.S., $1,241 million authorized (FY46-68), none since
FY67; net official aid given to less developed areas and multilateral
agencies -- $1,005 million (FY60-70), $200 million (FY70)
Monetary conversion rate: 3.62 guilders=US$l (official IMF rate); actual rate
3.36 guilders=US$l (30 September 1971)
Fiscal year: calendar year
COMMUNICATIONS:
Railroads: 1,956 mi., standard gage; 970 mi. double track; 1,022 mi. electrified
Highways: 46,000 mi.; 26,000 mi. paved, 4,000 mi. crushed stone and gravel,
16,000 mi. earth
Inland waterways: 3,940 mi.; less than 962 mi. is natural river; more than 1,400
mi. navigable by craft of 1,000-ton capacity; 1,011 mi. will take 1,500-ton
vessels
Pipelines: crude oil, 254 mi.; refined products, 602 mi.; natural gas, 4,203 mi.
Ports: 8 major, 5 minor
Merchant marine: 469 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 4,663,800 GRT, 6,877,500
DWT; includes 8 passenger, 339 cargo, 81 tanker, 29 bulk, 12 specialized
carrier
Civil air: 91 major transport aircraft
Airfields: 27 total, 25 usable; 16 with permanent-surface runways; 12 with
runways 8,000-11,999 ft., 3 with runways 4,000-7,999 ft.
Telecommunications: highly developed, excellently maintained, and well integrated;
extensive system of multiconductor cables, supplemented by radio relay links,
submarine cables, and radiocommunication stations; 3.12 million telephones;
4.81 million radiobroadcast and 3.04 million TV receivers; 5 AM, 12 FM, and
7 TV stations which provide countrywide service; 10 submarine cables
DEFENSE FORCES:
Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1971, $1,113 million;
about 12% of central government budget
232
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 Approved For Release 95? ( :Aqf. P79-01051 A000400010002-1
394 sq. mi.; 5% arable, 95% waste, urban, or other (1951)
WATER:
Limits of territorial waters: 3 n. mi.
Coastline: 226 mi.
PEOPLE:
Population: 226,000, average annual growth rate 1.4%
(FY69); males 15-49, 58,000; 30,000 fit for military
service; about 2,000 reach military age (20) annually
Ethnic divisions: 85% largely mixed Negro stock except on
Aruba where 12% Negro and approx. 55% mixed Carib
Indian and European; rest European with some Chinese,
eciall on Aruba
s
e
p y
Religion: predominantly Roman Catholic; sizable Protestant, smaller Jewish
minorities
Language: officially Dutch; predominantly English; colloquial "papiamento," a
Spanish-Portuguese-Dutch-English mixture
Literacy: 75%-80%
Labor force: 66,000; 1% agriculture, 21% industry, 21% unemployed, 8%
construction, 41% government and services, 8% other
Organized labor: approx. 15% of labor force
GOVERNMENT:
Legal name: Netherlands Antilles
Type: territory within Kingdom of the Netherlands, enjoying complete domestic
autonomy
Capital: Willemstad; Curacao, center of government
Political subdivisions: 4 island territories -- Aruba, Bonaire, Curacao, and the
Windward Islands -- St. Eustatius, southern part of St. Martin (northern
part is French), Saba
Legal system: based on civil law system, with some English common law influence;
Dutch Country Statute of 1955 serves as constitution
Branches: executive power, under nominal head of Governor (appointed by the
Crown), exercised by 8-member Council of Ministers or Cabinet; legislative
power rests with 22-member Legislative Council; independent court system
under control of Chief Justice of Supreme Court of Justice (administrative
functions under Minister of Justice); each island territory has island
council headed by Lieutenant Governor for local administration
Government leaders: Minister President Ramez Jorge Isa (new government formed
6 February 1971)
Suffrage: universal over age 21
Elections: held every 4 years
Political parties and leaders: the Democratic Party (DP); Antilles Social Progress
Movement (MASA) led by Ciro Kroon; the Aruba Patriotic Party (PPA) led by S.J.
Trompe; the National People's Party (NVP), S.U. Abbad; the Aruba People's Party
(AVP) led by Dominico Guzman Croes; the National Aruban Union Party/Independent
Aruban Party (UNA/PIA) led by A. Werleman/M. Croes; Bonaire Democratic Party
led by L.A. Abraham; Windward Island Democratic Party led by A. C. Wathey;
Social Progressive Action Party, S. R. Goeloe; Antillean Reform Union (URA),
Roberto Suriel; Curacao Independent Party (COP), Peter Vander Hoven; Radical
Peoples Party (PRP), Max de Castro; Workers' Party (Frente Obrero) -- coalition
in power includes DP, PPA, and Workers' Party
Voting strength (1969 local election): 46% DP/PPA; 15% NVP; 14% Worker Front;
14% AVP; 11% other (new elections may be called soon)
Member of: EC (associate), WHO
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 ECONOMY: Approved For Release 2004/08/31 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000400010002-1
GNP: $254 million (1967), $1,190 per capita; real growth rate 1967, 3.6%
Agriculture: little production
Major industries: petroleum refining on Curacao and Aruba; tourism on Curacao,
Aruba, and St. Martin; phosphate mining on Curacao
Electric power: 288,500 kw. capacity (1969); 1.3 billion kw.-hr. produced (1969
est.), 5,909 kw.-hr. per capita
Exports: $625 million (f.o.b., 1969); petroleum products, phosphate
Imports: $830 million (c.i.f., 1969); crude petroleum, food manufactures
Major trade partners: exports -- U.S. 43%, EC 16%, Latin America 13%, U.K. 10%,
Canada 7%; imports -- Venezuela 72%, U.S. 10%, Netherlands 4% (1968)
Monetary conversion rate: 1.88 Netherlands Antillean florins (NAF)=US$l (official)
Fiscal year: calendar year
COMMUNICATIONS:
Railroads: none
Highways: 760 mi.; 350 mi. paved, 100 mi. gravel, 200 mi. improved earth, 110
mi. unimproved earth
Ports: 3 major, 6 minor
Civil air: 6 major transport aircraft
Airfields: 7 total, all usable; 6 with permanent-surface runways; 2 with runways
8,000-11,999 ft., 2 with runways 4,000-7,999 ft.; 1 seaplane station
Telecommunications: generally adequate telecom facilities; extensive inter-
island VHF links; plan troposcatter link to Curacao, Venezuela; 26,000
telephones, 105,000 radio and 30,000 TV receivers, 10 AM and 2 TV stations,
4 telegraph submarine cables
DEFENSE FORCES:
Defense is responsibility of the Netherlands
Supply: dependent on Netherlands -- which itself is dependent for heavier
equipment on other non-Communist countries
234
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 NIS 102 Approved For Release 2004181 tp,CIA-RDP79-01051A000400010002-1
LAND:
8,500 sq. mi.; 6% cultivable, 22% pasture land, 7% forests,
65% waste or other (1968)
"AL DONi~
WATER:
Limits of territorial waters: 3 n. mi. (fishing, 3 n. mi.)
Coastline: 1,000 mi.
~ 1G{PWXN~.S
XN~Of5~5iA
AUSTRALIA
Labor force: size unknown; Javanese and Tonkinese laborers were imported for
plantations and mines in pre-World War II period; immigrant labor now
coming from Wallis Islands, New Hebrides, and French Polynesia
Organized labor: unorganized
PEOPLE:
Population: 108,000, average annual growth rate 2.6% (May
63-March 69)
Ethnic divisions: Melanesian-Polynesian admixture, over
28,000 Europeans of French extraction
Religion: natives 90% Christian
Language: Melanesian-Polynesian aialects
Literacy: unknown
GOVERNMENT:
Legal name: Overseas Territory of New Caledonia
Type: French overseas territory; represented in French parliament by one deputy
and one Senator
Capital: Noumea
Political subdivisions: 4 islands or island group dependencies -- Isle of Pines,
Loyalty Islands, Huon Islands, Island of New Caledonia
Legal system: French law
Branches: administered by Governor, who is also High Commissioner for France in
the Pacific; responsible to French Ministry for Overseas France and
Governing Council; Assemblee Territoriale
Government leader: Jean Risterucci, Governor and French High Commissioner
Suffrage: restricted (1957 election roll listed 32,370 males and females over
21 years of age, of whom 18,964 were classed as indigenous inhabitants)
Elections: Assembly elections in 1967
Political parties and leaders: Union Caledonienne, led by M. Rock Pidjot; Entente
Caledonienne, Lafleur; Caledonie Nouvelle; Union des Patentes
Voting strength (1967 election): Union Caledonienne, 22 seats; Entente Caledon-
ienne, (alliance of R. C. Caledonienne and United Nouvelle Republique), 10
seats; Caledonie Nouvelle, 2 seats; Union des Patentes, 1 seat
Communists: number unknown; Union Caledonienne strongly leftist; some political-
ly active Communists were deported during 1950's; small number of North
Vietnamese
Other political parties and pressure groups: several lesser parties
ECONOMY:
GNP: $190 million, $1,780 per capita (1969 est.)
Agriculture: main crops -- coffee, copra, fruits, and vegetables
Industry: mining of nickel
Electric power: 105,000 kw. capacity (1970); 725 million kw.-hr. produced (1970),
6,780 kw.-hr. per capita
Exports: $131 million (f.o.b., 1969) 98% nickel
Imports: $124 million (c.i.f., 1969)
Major trade partners: (1968) exports -- France (47%), Japan (40%); imports --
France (49%), Australia (19%)
Monetary conversion rate: 95 CFP francs=US$l
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 COMMUNICATIONS: Approved For Release 2004/08/31 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000400010002-1
Railroads: none
Highways: 2,900 mi.; 180 mi. paved; 1,170 mi. gravel, crushed stone, or stabilized
surface; 1,550 mi. unimproved earth
Inland waterways: none
Ports: 1 major, 21 minor
Civil air: no major transport aircraft
Airfields: 34 total, 29 usable; 2 with permanent-surface runways; 2 with
runways 4,000-7,999 ft.; 1 airfield over 8,000 ft.; 1 seaplane station
Telecommunications: 8,073 telephones; 25,000 radio and 8,000 TV sets; 1 AM,
no FM, and 1 TV stations
236
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 Approved For Release 2004/0O1 R~lJJ/ -RDP79-01051A000400010002-1
.- 11
LAND:
57,100 sq. mi.; 7% arable, 7% prairie and pasture, 50%
forest, 36% urban, waste, or other (1963)
Land boundaries: 760 mi.
WATER:
Limits of territorial waters: 3 n. mi. (fishing, 200 n. mi.
Coastline: 565 mi.
PEOPLE:
Population: 1,926,000, average annual growth rate 2.6%
(April 63-September 71); males 15-49, 505,000; 300,000
fit for military service; 24,000 reach military age
(18) annually
Ethnic divisions: 75% mestizo, 15% white, 10% Negro, Indian or mulatto
Religion: 96% Roman Catholic
Language: Spanish (official); small English-speaking minority on Atlantic coast
Literacy: 50% of population 10 years of age and over
Labor shortage7of;skilledrlabor~,rbutlunderemploymentg of lun-
skilled labor except during harvest
Organized labor: about 6% of labor force
GOVERNMENT:
Legal name: Republic of Nicaragua
Type: republic; dominated by president
Capital: Managua
Political subdivisions: 1 national district and 16 departments
Legal system: based on Spanish civil law system; constitution adopted in 1950;
judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court; legal education
at Universidad Nacional de Nicaragua; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Branches: President, bicameral legislature, judiciary elected by legislature,
and Supreme Electoral Tribunal (4th branch)
Government. leader: President Anastasio Somoza Debayle
Suffrage: universal over age 18 if married or literate, otherwise 21
Elections: every 5 years; however, due to agreement between liberal and conservative
parties', next elections will not be held until mid-1974
Political parties and leaders: Nationalist Liberal Party (PLN), Anastasio Somoza,
Ramiro Sacasa, Francisco Urcuyo; Alfonso Callejas; Traditionalist Conservative
Party (PCT), Fernando Aguero Rocha; Nicaraguan Conservative Party (PCN),
Alejandro Abaunza Marenco, Enrique Belli Chamorro; Independent Liberal Party
(PLI), not legal, Victor Manuel Ordonez, Arges Sequeira, Juan Manuel Gutierrez;
Social Christian Party (PSC), not legal, Ignacio Zelaya, Cesar Delgadillo
(President) and Roberto Ferrey (Secretary General)
Voting strength (1967 elections): PLN 480,162 votes (74%), PCN 14,650 votes (2%),
PCT and supporting parties, 157,432 votes (24%)
Member of: CACM, FAO, GATT, IADB, IAEA, ICAO, ICJ, ILO, INTELSAT, ITU, OAS,
ODECA, Seabeds Committee (observer) U.N., UNESCO, UNICEF, UPU, WHO, WMO
ECONOMY:
GNP: $933 million (purchasing power parity estimate, 1970), $470 per capita; 73%
private consumption, 10% government consumption, 19% domestic investment, -2%
net foreign balance; real growth rate 1970, 4.5%
Agriculture: main crops -- cotton, coffee, sugarcane, rice, corn, beans; caloric
intake, 2,300 calories per day per capita (1966)
Fishing: catch 7,200 tons (1970)
Major industries: food processing, textiles and clothing, chemicals, petroleum
products
239
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 Approved For Release 2004/08/31 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000400010002-1
ECONOMY (cont'd):
Electric power: 173,000 kw. capacity (1969 est.); 550 million kw.-hr. produced
(1969 est.), 290 kw.-hr. per capita
Exports: $179 million (1970); cotton, coffee, cottonseed, meat, sugar
Imports: $178 million (1970); machinery, equipment, vehicles, manufactures,
chemicals, foods, fuels
Major trade partners: exports -- U.S. 33%, Japan 19%, CACM 21%; imports -- U.S.
38%, CACM 24%, West Germany 7% (1969)
Aid:
economic -- extensions from U.S. (FY46-70), $105.8 million loans, $61.4
million grants; international organizations, $124.2 million (1946-69);
military -- from U.S. (FY53-70), $12.8 million (1946-70)
Monetary conversion rate: 7 cordobas=US$l (official)
Fiscal year: calendar year
COMMUNICATIONS:
Railroads: 220 mi.; 200 mi. of 3'6" gage, government owned; 20 mi. narrow gage,
privately owned
Highways.: 6,400 mi.; 750 mi. paved, 600 mi,. gravel or crushed stone, 1,850 mi.
improved earth, 3,200 mi. unimproved earth
Inland waterways: 1,380 mi., including 2 large lakes
Pipelines: crude oil, 36 mi.
Freight carried: rail 1960 -- 25 million ton/km.
Ports: 4 major, 6 minor
Merchant marine: 4 cargo ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 9,800 GRT,
14,800 DWT
Civil air: 10 major transport aircraft
Airfields: 459 total, 414 usable; 5 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with run-
way 8,000-11,999 ft., 8 with runways 4,000-7,999 ft.; 2 seaplane stations
Telecommunications: extensive but low-capacity wire network; single radio relay
link; 23,500 telephones; est. 700,000 radio and 55,000 TV receivers, 70 AM,
26 FM, and 5 TV stations; satellite ground service station scheduled to
enter service in 1973
DEFENSE FORCES:
Supply: dependent primarily upon U.S.
Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1970, $11.6 million for the
Ministry of Defense, including civil functions (e.g., police and civil air);
11.8% of central government budget
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 NIS 50L Approved For Release 2004/08~3q%IA-RDP79-01051A000400010002-1
LAND:
489,000 sq. mi.; about 3% cultivated, perhaps 20% somewhat
arable, remainder desert (1970)
Land boundaries: 3,570 mi.
PEOPLE:
Population: 4,182,000, average annual growth rate 2.7%
(FY70); males 15-49, 988,000; 555,000 fit for military
service; about 33,000 reach military age (18) annually
Ethnic divisions: main Negroid groups 75% (of which, Hausa
50%, Djerma and Songhai 21%); Caucasian elements
include Tuareg, Toubous, and Tamacheks; mixed group
includes Fulani
Religion: 80% Muslim, remainder largely animists and a very
few Christians
Language: French official, many African languages; Hausa used for trade
Literacy: about 5%
Labor force: 26,000 wage earners; bulk of population engaged in subsistence
agriculture and animal husbandry
Organized labor: negligible
GOVERNMENT:
Legal name: Republic of Niger
Type: republic; one-party rule established 1960
Capital: Niamey
Political subdivisions: 7 departments, 32 arrondissements
Legal system: based on French civil law system and customary law; constitution
adopted 1960; judicial review of legislative acts in Constitutional Chamber
of the Supreme Court; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Branches: President selected for 5 years by direct universal suffrage; unicameral,
60-member National Assembly elected for 5 years; judiciary constitutionally
independent of executive and legislature
Government leader: President Diori Hamani
Suffrage: universal over age 21
Elections: presidential and parliamentary elections in 1970; about 99% of voters
approved unopposed-official candidates
Political parties and leaders: Parti Progressiste Nigerien (PPN), led by Diori
Hamani
Communists: some Communists and Communist sympathizers, especially among supporters
of outlawed Sawaba party
Member of: EAMA, Entente, FAO, GATT, IBRD, ICAO, ILO, IMF, ITU, Lake Chad Basin
Commission, OAU, OCAM, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO
ECONOMY:
GDP: $319 million (1966 est.), less than $100 per capita
Agriculture: commercial -- peanuts, cotton, livestock; main food crops --
millet, sorghum, niebe beans, vegetables
Major industries: cement plant, brick factory, rice mill, small cotton gins, oil
presses, slaughterhouse, and a few other small light industries; uranium
production began., in 1971
Electric power: 40,000 kw. capacity (1970); 40 million kw.-hr. produced (1970),
10 kw.-hr. per capita
Exports: $31.4 million (f.o.b., 1968-69 est.); about 74% peanuts and related
products, rest largely livestock, hides, skins; exports badly understated
because much regional trade not recorded
Imports: $31.2 million (c.i.f., 1968-69 est.); fuels, machinery, transport equip-
ment, foodstuffs, consumer goods (largely for European residents); sizable
imports unrecorded
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 ECONOMY (cont'd): Approved For Release 2004/08/31 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000400010002-1
Major trade partners: France (about 50%), other EC countries, Nigeria, UDEAC
countries, U.S.; preferential tariff to EC and franc zone countries
Aid:
economic -- France (1960 to mid-1967) $68 million; EC (1966-67) $51.3 million;
U.S. (FY62-70) $15.8 million; West Germany, Israel, Republic of China, and U.N.
have also extended aid;
military -- $2.8 million (1954-68)
Monetary conversion rate: 277 Communaute Financiere Africaine francs=US$l
(official)
Fiscal year: 1 October - 30 September
COMMUNICATIONS:
Railroads: none
Highways: approx. 4,300 mi.; 300 mi. bituminous, 1,850 mi. gravel, 2,150 mi.
unimproved earth
Inland waterways: Niger River navigable 185 miles from Niamey to Gaya on the
Dahomey frontier from mid-December through March
Ports: Niger landlocked; outlet to sea is Cotonou, Dahomey
Civil air: 5 major transport aircraft
Airfields: 74 total, 59 usable; 4 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runway
8,000-11,999 ft., 15 with runways 4,000-7,999 ft.
Telecommunications: principal telecommunication center Niamey; telephone poor,
telegraph fair, 3,300 telephones; 85,000 radio receivers; unknown number of
TV receivers; 4 AM, no FM, and 1 TV stations
DEFENSE FORCES:
Supply: dependent on France exclusively until 1964; since then has obtained
ground force materiel from other non-Communist countries including Belgium,
Israel, and West Germany
Military budget: for fiscal year ending 30 September 1971, $3,665,000; 8.0%
of total budget
242
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LAND:
357,000 sq. mi.; 24% arable (13% of total land area
under cultivation), 35% forested, 41% desert, waste,
urban, or other (1969)
Land boundaries: 2,501 mi.
WATER:
Limits of territorial waters: 30 n. mi.
Coastline: 530 mi.
PEOPLE:
Population: about 57,000,000, average annual growth rate
2 7?/ (current) males 15-49, 12,940,000; 6,270,000 fit
GV4 5A
ARABIA
for military service
total over are 60% Hausa-Fulani
of population;
Ethnic divisions: 250 tribal l groups, of these which 3 trimostbes important
(north), Ibo and Yoruba (south);
about 27,000 non-Africans 18.3% other
Religion: 47% Muslim, 34.5% Christian,
Literacy: est. 25%
Language: English official; Hausa, Yoruba, and Ibo also widely used
80% of those 11
Labor force: approx. 26.6 million; about 48% of total population,
to 55 years of age of both sexes, are accounted "economically active,; only
stry,
about 700,000 are wage earners, of whom 8% are in agriculture, ftre%
hunting, and fishing; 7% mining and quarrying; 8% maing;
construction; 2% electricity; 8% commerce; 8% transportation and communication;
37% services approx. 2% of total labor force,
Organized labor: about 530,000 wage earners, app
belong to some 666 unions
GOVERNMENT:
Legal name: Republic of Nigeria
Type: federal republic since 1963; under military rule since January 1966,
military rule scheduled to last until 1976
Capital: Lagos
Political subdivisions: 12 states, each headed by a military governor
tribal law, and Islamic law; new
Legal system: based on English common law,
Aconstitution to be drafted; legal educati~nratdUniversities ofsIfe, Ahmadu,
ma
Bello, and Lagos; accepts compulsory ICJ Council
Branches: Federal Military Government, administered by Supreme Military
and Federal Executive Council, which includes 13 civilian commissioners
(ministers) Government
Government leader: Maj. Gen. Yakubu Gowon, Head of Federal Military
and Commander in Chief of Nigerian Armed Forces women
in former Northern Region)
Suffrage: universal adult suffrage (except
Elections: sometime in next 6 years
Political parties and leaders: political parties 1966posomecsubrosatpoliticall
societies were dissolved by decree on
activity continues
Member of: Commonwealth, FAD,UTAEA,IBRD, ICAO, ILO, IMCO, IMF, ITU, OAU, Seabeds
Committee, U.N.,
ECONOMY:
GDP: $4.9 billion (1970 est.), probably about $80 per capita; 6.3% growth rate
assumed FY69-70
Agriculture: main crops -- peanuts, cotton, cocoa, rubber, yams, cassava,
, palm kernels, millet, corn, rice; livestock; almost self-sufficient
sorghum
Fishing: catch 114,000 tons (1970 est.); imports $4 million (1970)
243
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 Approved For Release 2004/08/31 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000400010002-1
ECONOMY ():
Major industries: processing industries -- oil palm, peanut, cotton, rubber,
petroleum, wood, hides, skins; manufacturing industries -- textiles, cement,
building materials, food products, footwear, chemical, printing, ceramics;
mining -- crude oil, natural gas, coal, tin, columbite
Electric power: 1,111,000 kw. capacity (1970 est.); 1,667 million kw.-hr. produced
(1970 est.), 30 kw.-hr. per capita
Exports: $1,240 million (f.o.b., 1970); oil, peanuts, palm products, cocoa, rubber,
cotton, timber, tin
Imports: $1,059 million (c.i.f., 1970); machinery and transport equipment, manu-
factured goods, textiles, chemicals
Major trade partners: U.K., EC, U.S.
Monetary conversion rate: 1 Nigerian pound=US$2.80 (official)
Fiscal year: 1 April - 31 March
COMMUNICATIONS:
Railroads: 2,180 route mi.; 3'6" gage
Highways: 55,400 mi.; 9,475 mi. paved (mostly bituminous surface treatment);
45,925 mi. laterite, gravel, crushed stone, improved earth
Inland waterways: 5,330 mi. consisting of Niger and Benue rivers and smaller
rivers and creeks; additionally, the newly formed Kainji Lake has several
hundred miles of navigable lake routes
Pipelines: crude oil, 581 mi.; natural gas, 56 mi.; refined products, 3 mi.
Ports: 4 major, 5 minor
Merchant marine: 14 cargo ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 84,800 GRT,
123,800 DWT
Civil air: 9 major transport aircraft
Airfields: 86 total, 73 usable; 12 with permanent-surface runways; 4 with runways
8,000-11,999 ft., 26 with runways 4,000-7,999 ft.; 4 seaplane stations
Telecommunications: one of the best systems in Africa composed of radio-relay
links, open-wire lines, and radiocommunication stations; principal center
86 ,FM, 1tati,275,000
receiverssecondary , Ibadan 25 AM, Kaduna;
radio Lagos,
submarine cables
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 Approved For Release 2004/0$W WpCIA-RDP79-01051A000400010002-1
LAND: sq. mi.;
Norway: 125,000 sq. mi.; Svalbard, 24,000 Jan Mayen, 144 sq. mi.; 3% arable, 2% meadows
and pastures, 21% forested, 74% other (1968)
Land boundaries: 1,603 mi.
WATER:
Limits of territorial waters: 4 n. mi. (fishing, 12 n. ml.)
Coastline: mainland 2,125 mi.; islands 1,500 mi. (excludes
long fjords and numerous small islands and minor
indentations which total as much as 10,000 mi. overall)
PEOPLE:
population: 3,926,000, average annual growth rate 0.9%
(current); males 15-49, 907,000; 732,000 fit for
military service; average number reaching military
age (20) annually, 31,000
Ethnic divisions: homogeneous white population, small Lappish minority
Religion: 96% Evangelical Lutheran, 4% other Protestant and Roman Catholic, 1%
other
Language: Norwegian, small Lapp and Finnish-speaking minorities
Literacy: 99%
Labor force: 1.6 million; 19.5% agriculture, forestry, fishing, 27.0% mining and
manufacturing, 9.5% construction, 13.3% commerce, 11.9% transportation and
communication, 17.7% services; 1.1% unemployed
Organized labor: 60% of labor force
GOVERNMENT:
Legal name: Kingdom of Norway
Type: constitutional monarchy
Capital: Oslo
Political subdivisions: 20 counties, 404 communes, 47 towns
Legal system: mixture of customary law, civil law system, and common law traditions;
constitution adopted 1814, modified 1884; Supreme Court renders advisory
opinions to legislature when asked; legal education at University of Oslo;
accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations
Branches: legislative authority rests jointly with Crown and parliament (Storting);
creresponsible to
executive power vested in Crown but exercised by04cabinet
parliament; Supreme Court, 5 superior courts,
Government leaders: King Olav V; Prime Minister Trygve Bratteli
Suffrage: universal, but not compulsory, over age 20
Elections: held every 4 years (next in 1973)
Political parties and leaders: Conservative, Kare Willoch; Christian
Liberal Helge Seip; Labor,
Lars Korvald; Center, John Austrheim;
Bratteli; Socialist Peoples, Finn Gustavsen; Communist, Reidar Larsen
Voting strength (1969 election): 19.6% Conservative; 9.4% Christian Peoples;
10.5% Center; 9.4% Liberal; 46.5% Labor; 3.5% Socialist Peoples; 1.0%
Communist
Communists: 2,000; a number of sympathizers as indicated by the 22,500 Communist
votes cast in the 1969 election
Member of: Council of Europe, EFTA, FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, IHB,
ILO, IMCO, IMF, ITU, NATO, Nordic Council, OECD, Seabeds Committee, U.N.,
UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO
245
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 Approved For Release 2004/08/31 : CIA-RDP79-01051A00040001( 002-1
55.1% consumption; 28.8% roves men ,
ECONOMY:
GNP: $11.1 billion (1970), $2,860 per capita;
including government; 17.8% government, including defense (current); net
foreign balance -1.7%; 1969 growth rate 4.8%, in 1969 fc eedtgraipnslcpotatoes,
- ,
Agriculture: animal husbandry predominates; main crops -
fruits, vegetables; 40% self-sufficient; food shortages -- food grains, sugar:,
d er ca ita (1968-69)
p
caloric intake, 2,910 calories per ay p
Fishing: catch 2,695,633 metric tons (1970), $14.7 million; exports $190 million,
imports $11 million products, metals, machinery,
Major industries: food processing, wood pulp, paper p
chemicals, shipbuilding 4
Shortages: feed and bread grains, coal, petroleum and petroleum products, cotton,
wool
Crude steel: 870,133 metric tons produced 970)572204kil o g amskwerhrapproduced
Electric power: 12,580,000 kw. capacity (1970);
(1970), 14,500 kw.-hr. per capita
Exports: $2,498 million (f.o.b., 1969); principal items -- fish and fish
products, metal and metal products, pulp and paper, chemicals, ships
Imports: $3,670 million (c.i.f., 1969); principal items -- ships, machinery,
fuels, foodstuffs
Major trade partners: 17.2% Sweden, 15.3% U.K., 14.7% West Germany, 7% U.S.,
6.9% Denmark; 26.2% EC; 44.6% EFTA; 2.6% Communist countries (1969)
Aid: $1.2 million in 1967,
economic -- U.S., $355.2 million authorized (1946-70),
$2.1 million in 1970; IBRD, $145 million authorized through 1970,
none since.1964; net official economic aid given tless developed and
multilateral agencies, $134.2 million (1960-69), $26.6
million (1969); $24.2 million (1968),
military -- U.S., $900 million authorized (1946-70),
$11.0 million (1969), $0.3 million (1970)
Monetary conversion rate: 7.14 kroner=US$l (official)
Fiscal year: calendar year
COMMUNICATIONS: 1,420 mi. electrified,
Railroads: 2,711 mi.; 2,669 mi. single track standard gage;
including 47 mi. double track
Highways: 44,180 mi.; 7,135 mi. paved, 37,045 mi. crushed stone and gravel
Inland waterways: 980 mi.; 5' draft vessels maximum
Pipelines: refined products, 33 mi.
Ports: 9 major, 69 minor 20,492,000 GRT,
Merchant marine: 1;168 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling
34,344,400 DWT;. includes 25 passenger, 425 cargo, 291 tanker, 264 bulk,
163 specialized carrier
Civil air: 47 major transport aircraft
se11 with
runwayspermanent-surface
Airfields: 6usable;
aplane
4r,000-7,999 ft.; 24runways;
, 143withwith
runways 8,000-a11,999
stations
Telecommunications: high-quality domestic and intenation al elephone, telegraph,
and telex service; 1,091,000 telephones; 1.9 million
816,941 TV receivers; 34 AM, 43 FM, and 41 TV stations (including many high
powered transmitters); 6 submarine cables
DEFENSE FORCES:
Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1971, $410 million; about
13% of central government budget
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 NIS 32B Approved For Release 2004/08/ 1 CIA-RDP79-01051A000400010002-1
LAND:
About 82,000 sq. mi.; negligible amount forested,
remainder desert, waste, or urban
Land boundaries: 860 mi.
WATER:
Limits of territorial waters: 3 n. mi.
Coastline: 1,300 mi.
PEOPLE:
Population: 688,000 (official est. 1 July 1966), average
annual growth rate 3.1% (current); males
15-49, 166,000; 85,000 fit for military service
Ethnic divisions: almost entirely Arab with small groups
of Iranians, Baluchis, and Indians
Religion: Muslim
Language: Arabic
Literacy: very low
GOVERNMENT:
Legal name: Sultanate of Oman
Type: absolute monarchy; nominally independent but under strong U.K. influence
Capital: Muscat
Legal system: based on English common law and Islamic law; no constitution;
ultimate appeal to the Sultan; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Government leader: Sultan Qabus ibn Said Al Bu Sa'id
Member of: Arab League, U.N.
ECONOMY:
Agriculture: based on subsistence farming (fruits, dates, cereals, cattle, camels,
fish) and trade
Major industries: petroleum discovery in 1964; production began in 1967; production
1970 equaled 333,000 b.p.d.; pipeline capacity 400,000 b.p.d.; revenue for
1970 about 108 million
Electric pbwer: 24,000 kw. capacity (1970); 70 million kw.-hr. produced (1970),
120 kw.-hr. per capita
Exports: petroleum exports worth $140 million (1968); dates, fish, limes, hides,
wool $930,000 (1970)
Imports: household goods, automobiles, electrical goods, machinery $18 million
(1970)
Major trade partners: U.K., Gulf states, India, Australia, China, Japan
Aid: multilateral annual average 1967-69 $350,000
Monetary conversion rate: new currency introduced Riyal Said; R0.42=US$l
Fiscal year: no budget year
COMMUNICATIONS:
Pipelines: crude oil 223 mi.
Ports: 7 minor
Civil air: no major transport aircraft
Airfields: 188 total, 111 usable; 2 with permanent-surface runways; 3 with runways
8,000-11,999 ft., 36 with runways 4,000-7,999 ft.
Telecommunications: poor international radiocommunications (service to Bahrain
only); very poor domestic wire service; 800 telephones; 1 AM station;
tropospheric scatter-link to Bahrain
247
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 NIS 36 Approved For Release 2004/&/ T/qlA-RDP79-01051A000400010002-1
LAND:
405,000 sq. mi. (includes Pakistani part of Jammu-Kashmir)
(West Pakistan 86%; East Pakistan 14% in two non-
contiguous provinces); 38% arable, including 24%
cultivated, 58% desert, waste, or urban, 4% forested
(1967)
Land boundaries: 6,925 mi. (West Pakistan 5,350 mi., East
Pakistan 1,575 mi.)
WATER:
Limits of territorial waters: 12 n. mi.
Coastline: 1,010 mi. (West Pakistan 650 mi., East Pakistan
360 mi.)
PEOPLE:
Population: 117,827,000* (excluding Junagardh, Manavador, Gilgit, Baltistan, and
the disputed area of Jammu-Kashmir, and including several million refugees
who entered India from East Pakistan during 1971), average annual growth rate
2.1% (FY70); East Pakistan 62,408,000, average annual growth rate 1.9% (FY70);
West Pakistan 55,419,000, average annual growth rate 2.4% (FY70); males 15-49,
28,332,000; 15,150,000 fit for military service; 1,484,000 reach military age
(17) annually
Ethnic divisions: West Pakistan -- 66.4% Punjabi, 12.6% Sindhis, 7.6% Urdu,
4.6% other; East Pakistan -- 98.4% Bengali, 1.6% other
Religion: 88% Muslim, 10% Hindu, 2% other
Language: official, Urdu (West Pakistan) and Bengali (East Pakistan); total
spoken languages -- 4% Urdu, 55% Bengali, 25% Punjabi, 6% Pushtu, 10% minor
languages (Sindhi, Baluchi, Brahui); English is lingua franca
Literacy: about 16%
Labor force: 30 million (est. 1961); 73% agriculture, 10% industry, 5% commerce,
10% service, 2% unemployed; substantial shortage of skilled labor; seasonal
shortages of unskilled labor in some areas; severe underemployment
Organized labor: 5% of labor force
GOVERNMENT:
Legal name: Islamic Republic of Pakistan
Type: republic (by late 1971 Pakistan's future as a unified state was gravely in
doubt as a result of the open rebellion of the Bengalis in East Pakistan who
are demanding independence as the nation of Bangla Desh; the outbreak of the
hostilities between India and Pakistan in early December, and New Delhi's
subsequent recognition of Bangla Desh would appear to-mark the beginning of
the end of West Pakistan's authority over the eastern wing of the country)
Capital: Islamabad; many government offices functioning in Rawalpindi, temporary
capital
Political subdivisions: 2 noncontiguous wings -- West Pakistan and East Pakistan;
East Pakistan is one province, and West Pakistan has 4 provinces -- Punjab,
Sind, Baluchistan, Northwest Frontier -- with the capital territory of
Islamabad and certain tribal areas centrally administered
*Based on data reported by Pakistan's Central Statistical Office, the Pakistani
population was est. at 117,827,000 on 1 January 1972. Projections based on estimates
used by Pakistan's Planning Commission, which allows for an underenumeration of 8%
in the 1961 census suggest, however, that the population may be as high as 135 million.
249
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 GOVERNMENT (cont' d) Approved For Release 2004/08/31 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000400010002-1
Legal system: based on English common law; constitution of 1962 abrogated by
martial law regime, but country governed as closely as possible in accordance
vith it, although several important basic rights have been rescinded; judicial
review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court; six law schools, including
University of Punjab School of Law in Lahore; accepts compulsory ICJ
jurisdiction, with reservations
Government leaders: President and Martial Law Administrator Yahya Khan, assisted
by Deputy Martial Law Administrators Vice Admiral Muzaffar Hasan, Air Marshal
A. Rahim Khan, and Gen. Abdul Hamid Khan
Suffrage: universal over age 21
Elections: national elections for 313-member National Assembly based on one-man/ a
one-vote formula, and for provincial assemblies were held in December 1970;
subsequently about half of the East Pakistanis elected were disqualified
Political parties and leaders: Awami League (AL) (outlawed), Mujibur Rahman
(jailed), Tajuddin Ahmed (in exile); Pakistan People's Party (PPP), Z. A.
Bhutto; Council Muslim League (CML), Mumtaz Daultana; Jama'at-i-Islam (JI), ?
Maulana Madoodi; Pakistan Democratic Party (PDP), Nurul Amin; National Awami
Party/Left (NAP/L), Maulana Bhashani (in exile); National Awami Party/
Requisitionist (NAP/R), Abdul Wali Khan; All Pakistan Muslim League (PML/
Qaiyum), Abdul Qaiyum Khan; Markazi Jamiat-ul-Ulema-i-Pakistan (MJUP),
Khamaja Qamar-u-Din Sialvi; Jamiat-ul-Ulema-i-Islam (JUI), Maulana Ghulam
Ghaus Hazarvi, Mufti Mahmud
Member of: ADB, CENTO, Colombo Plan, Commonwealth, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA,
IFC, IHB, ILO, IMCO, IMF, ITU, RCD, Seabeds Committee, SEATO,,U.N., UNESCO,
UPU, WHO, WMO
ECONOMY:
GNP: $16.2 billion (FY71), $120 per capita; real growth (FY71) 5.8%
Agriculture: largely subsistence farming, heavily dependent on monsoon rainfall
in East Pakistan and extensive irrigation in West Pakistan; main crops --
Jute and rice in the East, and wheat and cotton in the West; West largely
self-sufficient; East -- shortages in rice and wheat
Fishing: catch 455.9 thousand tons, $191.8 million (1969)
Major industries: cotton textiles, jute manufacturers, food processing, natural gas
Electric power: 2,616,000 kw. capacity (1970); 7.85 billion kw.-hr. produced
(1970), 69 kw.-hr. per capita
=xports: $706 million (f.o.b., FY71); jute and cotton (raw and manufactured)
Imports: $1,071 million (c.i.f., FY71) machinery, transport equipment, chemicals
Major trade partners: U.S., U.K., Japan, West Germany
Monetary conversion rate: 4.762 rupees=US$l
Fiscal year: 1 July - 30 June
COMMUNICATIONS:
Railroads: 7,049 mi. (5,322 mi. West, 1,752 mi. East); 1,455 mi. meter gage
(277 mi. West, 1,178 mi. East) 5,219 mi. broad gage (4,665 mi. West, 554 mi.
East); 400 mi. narrow gage (380 mi. West, 20 mi. East); 722 mi. double track
(635 mi. West, 87 mi. East); government owned
Highways: 71,850 mi. (43,500 mi. West, 28,350 mi. East); 15,159 mi. paved (12,700
mi. West, 2,450 mi. East); 14,200 mi. gravel (12,450 mi. West, 1,750 mi. East);
42,500 mi. earth (18,350 mi. West, 24,150 mi. East)
Inland waterways: 4,600 mi., East Pakistan; 1,150 mi., West Pakistan; river
steamers navigate main waterways in East Pakistan
Pipelines: crude oil, 143 mi.; natural gas, 1,200 mi.
Ports: 2 major, 10 minor
Merchant marine: 76 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 604,800 GRT, 816,700 DWT;
includes 5 passenger, 68 cargo, 1 tanker, 2 bulk
Civil air: 23 major transport aircraft (includes 2 leased)
Airfields: 251 total, 133 usable; 80 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runway
over 12,000 ft., 22 with runways 8,000-11,999 ft., 68 with runways 4,000-
7,999 ft.; 3 seaplane stations
250
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o COMMUNICA SYpo 0cC)
Telecommunications: excellent international radiocommunication service over
CENTO links; domestic wire and radiocommunication and broadcast service very
good; 193,493 telephones; 1,626,146 radio and 80,000 TV sets; 12 AM, no FM,
and 7 stations
DEFENSE FORCES:
Military budget: for fiscal year ending 30 June 1971 $630,000,000; about 27%
of total budget
251
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 NIS 77 Approved For Release 2004/0$41,.CIA-RDP79-01051A000400010002-1
LAND:
29,208 sq. mi. (excluding Canal Zone, 553 sq. mi.); 24%
agricultural land (9% fallow, 4% cropland, 11% pasture),
20% exploitable forest, 56% other forests, urban, and
waste (1967 crop year)
Land boundaries: 390 mi.
WATER:
Limits of territorial waters: 200 n. mi.
Coastline: 1,545 mi.
PEOPLE:
average annual growth rate 3.0%
000
497
1
i
,
,
,
on:
Populat
(December 60 - May 70); males 15-49, 364,000; 250,000 fit for military
service; no conscription
Ethnic divisions: 70% mestizo, 14% Negro, 9% white, 7% Indian and other
Religion: over 90% Roman Catholic, remainder mainly Protestant
Language: Spanish; about 14% speak English as native tongue; many Panamanians
bilingual
Literacy: 80% of population 10 years of age and over
Labor force: 390,000 (1967 est.); 49.1% agriculture, 19.9% services, 9.8%
commerce, 8.4% manufacturing, 3.6% construction, 2.6% transportation and
communications, 1% other (1964 est.); 5.6% Canal Zone; national average of
5% or less unemployed; 25% to 30% of unemployed in Panama and Colon;
shortage of skilled labor but an oversupply of unskilled labor
Organized labor: 5% of labor force
GOVERNMENT:
Legal name: Republic of Panama
Type: republic; under military rule since October 1968
Capital: Panama
Political subdivisions: 9 provinces, 1 Indian reservation
Legal system: based on civil law system; constitution adopted in 1946; judicial
review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court; legal education at
University of Panama; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations
Branches: popularly elected executive and unicameral legislature (currently
disbanded), presidentially appointed Supreme Court
Government leaders: elected President Arias ousted by military Junta on 11
October 1968; locus of power remains with National Guard Commandant, General
Omar Torrijos; Demetrio Lakas is President of the Provisional Junta
Government and Chief of State
Suffrage: universal and compulsory over age 21
Elections: May 1968 elections won by National Union (NU) coalition candidate
Arnulfo Arias Madrid, who assumed presidency on 1 October 1968; elections
held every 4 years; elections for assembly of representatives of the
corregimientos to be held by August 1972
Political parties and leaders: political parties suspended pending revision of
electoral code
Voting strength (1968 election): 55% Arnulfo Arias Madrid (National Union
Coalition), 42% David Samudio (People's Alliance), 3% Antonio Gonzalez
Revilla (Christian Democratic Party)
Member of: IADB, IAEA, ICAO, OAS, U.N.
253
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 Approved For Release 2004/08/31 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000400010002-1
ECONOMY:
GNP: $1.32 billion (purchasing power parity estimate, 1970), $900 per capita;
68% private consumption, 14% government consumption, 22% gross fixed
investment, -4% net foreign balance (1969); real growth rate 1970, 7.0%
Agriculture: main crops -- bananas, rice, corn, coffee, sugarcane; self-sufficient
in most basic foods; 2,400 calories per day per capita (1965-66)
Fishing: catch 32,000 tons, $8 million (1970); exports $10.9 million (1969);
imports $1.5 million (1969)
Major industries: food processing, metal products, construction materials,
petroleum products, clothing
Electric power: 218,000 kw. capacity (1969 est.); 621 million kw.-hr. produced
(1969 est.), 480 kw.-hr. per capita
Exports: $114 million (f.o.b., 1970); bananas, petroleum products, shrimp,
sugar, coffee
Imports: $353 million (c.i.f., 1970); manufactures, transportation equipment,
crude petroleum, foodstuffs, chemicals
Major trade partners: U.S. 43%, Venezuela 15%, Canal Zone 9%, Colon Free Zone
6% (1969)
Aid:
economic -- extensions from U.S. (FY46-70), $153.1 million loans, $101.6
million grants; from international organizations (FY46-69), $53.5 million;
from other Western countries (1960-68), $14.0 million;
military -- assistance from U.S. (FY61-70), $4 million
Monetary conversion rate: 1 balboa=US$l (official)
Fiscal year: calendar year
COMMUNICATIONS:
Railroads: 345 mi.; 48 mi. 5'0" gage, 107 mi. 3'0" gage; 190 mi. plantation
feeder lines
Highways: 4,200 mi.; 950 mi. paved, 700 mi. gravel or crushed stone, 300 mi.
improved earth, 2,250 mi. unimproved earth; Panama Canal Zone 145 mi.;
140 mi. paved; 5 mi. gravel
Inland waterways: 500 mi. navigable by shallow draft vessels; 50-mile
Panama Canal
Pipelines: refined products, 56 mi.
Ports: 2 major, 10 minor
Merchant marine: 742 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 6,131,000 GRT, 9,670,700
DWT; includes 13 passenger, 458 cargo, 168 tanker, 70 bulk, 33 specialized
carrier; all foreign owned and operated
Civil air: 28 major transport aircraft
Airfields: 237 total, 120 usable; 15 with permanent-surface runways; 3 with
runways 8,000-11,999 ft.; 10 with runways 4,000-7,999 ft.; 2 seaplane stations
Telecommunications: domestic and international telecom facilities well developed,
including nearly nationwide radio-relay system; communications satellite
ground station; 72,900 telephones; 550,000 radio and 108,000 TV receivers,
77 AM, 25 FM, and 13 TV stations; 1 coaxial submarine cable
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 NIS 102 Approved For Release 2~Ro(98g1 : I DP79-01051A000400010002-1
LAND:
183,540 sq. mi. (Papua 90,540 sq. mi., New Guinea
93,000 sq. mi.)
Land boundaries: 600 mi.
WATER:
Limits of territorial waters: 3 n. mi. (fishing, 12 n. mi.)
Coastline: about 2,000 mi.
PEOPLE:
Population: 2,566,000, average annual growth rate 2.8%
(FY67-70); males 15-49, 668,,000?(Papua 173,000, New
Guinea 485,000); about 345,000 fit for military service
000)
Guinea 255
N
00
,
ew
,
(Papua 90,0
Ethnic divisions: predominantly Melanesian and Papuan, some Negrito, Micronesian,
and Polynesian types
Religion: over one-half of population nominally Christian (490,000 Catholic,
320,000 Lutheran, other Protestant sects); remainder animist
Language: 700 indigenous languages; pidgin English and 2 or 3 native languages
are linguae francae for over one-half of population; English spoken.by
1% to 2% of population
Literacy: 1%; in English, 0.1%
Labor force: no available figures; mostly subsistence farmers
GOVERNMENT:
Legal name: Papua New Guinea
Type: dependent territory under Administrator appointed by Australia
Capital: Port Moresby
Political subdivisions: 18 administrative districts (12 in New Guinea, 6 in Papua);
New Guinea (including Bismarck archipelago and Bougainville) is a U.N. Trust
Territory
Legal system: based on English common law; highest judicial organ is High Court
of Australia
Branches: executive -- Administrator and Executive Council; legislature --
House of Assembly (94 members, including 10 appointed); judiciary -- court
system consists of Supreme Court of Papua New Guinea and various inferior
courts (District Courts, Local Courts, Children's Courts, Wardens' Courts);
Supreme Court decisions may be appealed to High Court of Australia
Government leader: Administrator, L. W. Johnson
Elections: preferential-type elections for 84 members of 94-member House of
Assembly every 4 years; 10 are appointed "official" members; last elections
in February-March 1968
Political parties: proindependence Pangu Pati is principal political group; 5 or
6 other small parties and numerous independents
Suffrage: universal adult suffrage
Voting strength (1968 election): 1.18 million registered voters,'of which an
estimated 65% to 75% voted; Pangu Pati and pro-Pangu Pati sympathizers won
21-26 assembly seats, minor parties and independents won remainder
Communists: no significant strength
ECONOMY:
GNP: $550 million (FY70 estimate), $225 per capita; real average annual growth
rate (1960-69) 7.5%
Agriculture: main crops -- coconuts, coffee, cocoa, tea
Major industries: sawmilling and timber processing, copper mining (Bougainville)
Electric power: 70,500 kw. capacity (1970); 196 million kw.-hr. produced (1970),
80 kw.-hr. per capita
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 ECONOMY (cont'd): Approved For Release 2004/08/31 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000400010002-1
Exports: $84.3 million (f.o.b., FY69); principal products -- coconut products,
coffee beans, cocoa beans, timber
Imports: $168.5 million (f.o.b., FY69)
Major trade partners: Australia, U.K., Japan
Aid: economic -- Australia (FY46-69) $909 million extended; World Bank group
(1968-September 1969) -- $7.5 million committed
Monetary conversion rate: 0.893 Australian dollar=US$l
Fiscal year: 1 July - 30 June
COMMUNICATIONS:
Papua:
Railroads: none
Highways: approx. 2,480 mi.; about 1,360 mi. suitable for heavy and medium
traffic, and about 1,120 mi. suitable for light traffic
Inland waterways: 800 mi., not including minor rivers
Ports: 1 principal (Port Moresby), 1 secondary
Civil air: see New Guinea (below)
Airfields: 180 total, 128 usable; 7 with permanent-surface runways; 14 with
runways 4,000-7,999 ft.; 10 seaplane stations, inactive
Telecommunications: see New Guinea (below)
New Guinea:
Railroads: none
Highways: approx. 6,430 mi.; approx. 3,865 mi. suitable for heavy and medium
traffic, and 2,565 mi. suitable for light traffic only
Inland waterways: 1,350 mi., northeast New Guinea; minor rivers not included
Pipelines: crude oil, 87 mi.
Ports: 4 principal (Rabaul, Lae, Madang, Kavieng), 4 minor
Civil air: 16 major transport aircraft (plus 26 registered in Australia)
Airfields: 631 total, 422 usable; 13 with permanent-surface runways; 48 with
runways 4,000-7,999 ft.; 14 seaplane stations, inactive
Telecommunications: Papua New Guinea telecom services are adequate and are
being improved; principal telecom centers include Goroka, Lae, Madang,
Mount Hagen, and Wewak in New Guinea; and Daru, Port Moresby and Samarai in
Papua; facilities provide radiobroadcast, radiotelephone and telegraph,
coastal radio, aeronautical radio and international radiocommunication
services; numerous privately owned radio facilities exist; submarine
cables extend from Madang to Australia and Guam; 18,998 telephones, 75,000
radios, but no TV sets; 11 AM, no FM and no TV facilities
DEFENSE FORCES:
Defense is responsibility of Australia
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 NIS 92 Approved For Release 2004/qW'LOIA-RDP79-01051 A000400010002-1
LAND:
157,000 sq. mi.; 2% under crops, 24% meadow and pasture,
52% forested, 22% urban, waste, and other
Land boundaries: 2,140 mi.
age (17) annua y,
Ethnic divisions: 95% mestizo, 5% white and Indian
Religion: 97% Roman Catholic
PEOPLE:
Population: 2,498,000, average annual growth rate 3.1%
(FY69); males 15-49, 602,000; 415,000 fit for military
service; average number currently reaching military
11 25 000
Language: Spanish and Guarani
Literacy: officially estimated at 74% above age 10, but probably much lower (40%)
Labor force: 715,000 (1968 est.); 55% agriculture, forestry, fishing; 8%
transport and other services; 19% manufacturing and construction; 13%
commerce and professions; 5% miscellaneous (est. 1962)
Organized labor: about 6% of labor force
GOVERNMENT:
Legal name: Republic of Paraguay
Type: republic; under authoritarian rule
Capital: Asuncion
Political subdivisions: 16 departments and the national capital, 154 municipalities
Legal system: based on Argentine codes, Roman law, and French codes; constitution
promulgated 1967; judicial review of legislative acts in Supreme Court; legal
education at National University of Asuncion and Catholic University of Our
Lady of the Assumption; does not accept compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Branches: President heads executive; bicameral legislature; judiciary headed
by Supreme Court
Government leader: President (General) Alfredo Stroessner
Suffrage: universal; compulsory between ages of 18-60
Elections: President and Congress elected together every 5 years; 4-party
participation for first time in 1968 elections
Political parties and leaders: Colorado Party, Juan Ramon Chavez; Levi-Liberal
Party, Carlos Levi Ruffinelli; Febrerista Party, Ignacio Iramain; Radical
Liberal Party, Carlos Alberto Gonzalez; Christian Democratic Party (not
officially inscribed), Alfredo Ayala Haedo 71% 22% Radical
Voting strength (February 1968 general election): 71% Colorado Party,
Liberal Party, 4% Liberal Party, 3% Febrerista Party
Communists: Oscar Creydt faction and Miguel Angel Soler faction (both illegal);
perhaps several thousand party members and sympathizers in Paraguay, very
few are hard core; party in exile is small and deeply divided
Other political or pressure groups: Popular Colorado Movement (MoPoCo) led by
Epifanio Mendez Fleitas, in exile
Member of: FAO, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IMF, LAFTA, OAS, U.N., WHO
ECONOMY:
GNP: $755 million (purchasing power parity estimate, 1970), $320 per capita; 77%
private consumption; 11% public consumption; 15% gross domestic investment;
-3% net foreign balance (1968); real growth rate 1970, 7%
Agriculture: main crops -- oilseeds, cotton, wheat, manioc, sweet potatoes,
tobacco, corn, rice, sugarcane; self-sufficient in most foods; caloric
intake, 2,580 calories per day per capita (1963-64); protein intake,
70 grams per day per capita (20 grams of animal origin)
Major industries: meat packing, oilseed crushing, milling, brewing, textiles,
light consumer goods, cement
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Electric power: 150,000 kw. capacity (1970 est.); 201 million kw.-hr. produced
(1970 est.), 80 kw.-hr. per capita
Exports: $64 million (f.o.b., 1970); meat, timber, oilseeds, tobacco, cotton,
quebracho extract, hides, yerba mate
Imports: $76 million (c.i.f., 1970); foodstuffs, machinery, transport equipment,
engines, consumer durables, fuels and lubricants, textiles
Major trade partners: U.S. 25%, Argentina 20%, West Germany 8%, U.K. 8%
Aid:
economic -- extensions from U.S. (FY46-70), $79.3 million loans, $53.9 million
grants; from international organizations (FY46-68), $88.4 million; from other
Western countries (1960-66), $7.4 million;
military -- assistance from U.S. (FY58-70), $11.0 million
Monetary conversion rate: 126 guaranies=US$l (selling rate)
Fiscal year: calendar year
COMMUNICATIONS:
Railroads: 652 mi.; 273 mi. standard gage, 85 mi. 3'3 3/8'' gage, 294 mi. various
narrow gage (privately owned)
Highways: 9,900 mi.; 400 mi. bituminous treated, 3,100 mi. otherwise improved,
6,400 mi unimproved earth
Inland waterways: 1,970 mi.
Freight carried: 70% carried by inland waterway in 1960
Ports: 1 major, 7 minor (all river)
Merchant marine: 14 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 15,700 GRT, 12,300 DWT;
includes 2 passenger, 9 cargo, 2 tanker, 1 specialized carrier; domestic
ships are operated mostly in river traffic; most international waterborne trade
is carried by foreign flag ships
Civil air: 5 major transport aircraft
Airfields: 774 total, 659 usable; 1 with permanent-surface runway; 1 with runway
8,000-11,999 ft., 23 with runways 4,000-7,999 ft.; 1 seaplane station
Telecommunications: local telecom facilities in Asuncion good, but intercity net
still poor; only 21,225 telephones; est. 720,000 radio and 25,000 TV receivers;
18 AM, 5 FM, and 1 TV stations
DEFENSE FORCES:
Supply: dependent on foreign sources (U.S., Brazil, Argentina, and Belgium) for
all materials
Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1971, $16.5 million; about
19% of proposed central government budget
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 Approved For Release 2004/08, 4 CIA-RDP79-01051A000400010002-1
LAND:
496,000 sq. mi. (other estimates range as low as 482,000
sq. mi.); 2% cropland, 14% meadows and pastures, 55%
forested, 29% urban, waste, other (1962)
Land boundaries: 3,810 mi.
WATER:
Limits of territorial waters: 200 n. mi.
Coastline: 1,500 mi.
10
which was estimated at , ,
growth rate 3.1% (FY70); males 15-49, 3,293,000; 2,230,000 fit for military
service; average number currently reaching military age (20) annually,
138,000
Ethnic divisions: 46% Indian; 38% mestizo (white-Indian); 15% white; 1% Negro,
Japanese, Chinese
Religion: predominantly Roman Catholic
Language: Spanish, Quechua, Aymara
Literacy: 45% to 50%
Labor force: 3.5 million (1967); 46% agriculture, 17% services, 14% manufacturing,
9% trade, 4% construction, 4% transportation, 2% mining, 4% other
Organized labor: 25% of labor force
PEOPLE:
Population: 14,233,000 (excluding Indian jungle population
1 000 in 1961) average annual
GOVERNMENT:
Legal name: Republic of Peru
Type: republic; under military regime since October 1968
Capital: Lima plus constitutional
Political subdivisions: 23 departments with limited autonomy p
Province of Callao
Legal system: based on civil law system; military government rules by decree;
legal education at the National Universities in Lima, in Trujillo, in Arequipa,
and in Cuzco; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Branches: executive, legislative, judicial; congress disbanded after 3 October
1968 ouster of President Fernando Belaunde Terry
Gov.ernment leader: President Juan Velasco Alvarado
Suffrage: literacy requirement
Elections: presidential and congressional elections held every 6 years; all
elections canceled after the coup
Political parties and leaders: Popular Action Party (AP), Fernando Belaunde Terry
in exile; Christian Democratic Party (PDC), Hector Cornejo Chavez; Popular
American Revolutionary Alliance Party (APRA), Victor Raul Haya de la Torre;
Popular Christian Party (PPC), Luis Bedoya Reyes
Voting strength (1963 election): 39% AP-PDC, 34% APRA, 25% UNO, 1% Communist,
1% other
Member of: GATT, IADB, IAEA, ICAO, LAFTA and Andean Sub-Regional Group (created
in May 1969 within LAFTA), OAS, Seabeds Committee, U.N.
ECONOMY:
GNP: $8.3 billion (purchasing power parity estimate, 1970), $610 per capita; 72%
private consumption, 10% public consumption, 13% gross investment (1970); 5%
net foreign balance; real growth rate 1970, 7%
Agriculture: main crops -- wheat, corn, potatoes, beans, barley, coffee, cotton,
sugarcane; imports wheat, meat, lard and oils, rice, corn; caloric intake,
2,300 calories per day per capita (1964)
Fishing: catch 12.6 million tons (1970); exports $300.3 million (1970), imports
$0.3 million (1969)
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 ECONOMY (cont'd): Approved For Release 2004/08/31 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000400010002-1
Major industries: mining of metals, petroleum, fishing, textiles and clothing,
food processing, cement
Electric power: 2 million kw. capacity (1970); 5.3 billion kw.-hr. produced
(1970), 390 kw.-hr. per capita
Exports: $1,048 million (f.o.b., 1970); fish and fish products, copper, silver,
iron, cotton, sugar, lead, zinc, petroleum, coffee
Imports: $618 million (f.o.b., 1970); foodstuffs, machinery, transport equipment,
iron and steel semimanufactures, chemicals, pharmaceuticals
Major trade partners: exports -- U.S. 33%, Western Europe 42%, Japan 14%, Latin
America 6%; imports -- U.S. 32%, Western Europe 33%, Latin America 17%,
Japan 6% (1970)
Aid:
economic -- extensions from U.S. (FY46-70), $453 million loans, $178
million grants; from international organizations (FY46-70), $372 million;
from other Western countries (1960-66), $43.4 million; Communist countries
(1968-70) $59.3 million;
military -- assistance from.U.S., (FY49-70), $141 million
Monetary conversion rate: 38.70 soles=US$l (trade); 43.38 soles=US$l (non-trade)
August 1971
Fiscal year: calendar year
COMMUNICATIONS:
Railroads: approx. 2,144 mi.; 1,800 mi. 4' 8 1/2" gage; 130 mi. gage less than
3'0"; 214 mi. 3' 0" gage; 9 mi. double track
Highways: 31,100 mi.; 3,000 mi. paved, 5,400 mi. gravel or crushed stone', 8,500
mi. improved earth, 14,200 mi. unimproved earth
Inland waterways: 5,400 mi. of navigable tributaries of Amazon River system and
130 mi. Lake Titicaca
Pipelines: crude oil, 200 mi.; natural gas and natural gas liquids, 1,411 mi.
Ports: 7 major, 20 minor
Merchant marine: 37 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 276,800 GRT, 390,400 DWT;
includes 26 cargo, 9 tanker (includes 5 naval tankers sometimes used
commercially), 1'specialized carrier, 1 bulk
Civil air: 34 major transport aircraft
Airfields: 318 total, 273 usable; 16 with permanent-surface runways; 2 with
runway over 12,000 ft., 19 with runways 8,000-11,999 ft., 47 with runways
4,000-7,999 ft.; 3 seaplane stations
Telecommunications: fairly adequate for most public requirements; communications
satellite ground station; est. 200,000 telephones; est. 1.8 million radio and
450,000 TV receivers; 200 AM, 7 FM, and 29 TV stations
DEFENSE FORCES:
Military budget: a biennial budget for 1 January 1971 through 31 December 1972,
$485.2 million; about 16.2% of central government biennial budget
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 Approved For Release 2004MCI1 -RDP79-01051 A000400010002-1
LAND:
116,000 sq. mi.; 37% cropland, 41% forested, 22% other
(1968)
WATER:
Limits of territorial waters: 0-300 n. mi. (treaty limits
of the Philippines)
Coastline: about 14,000 mi.
age (20) annually 1.5% Chinese, 3% other
Ethnic divisions: 91.5% Filipino (Malay), 4% Moros (Malay),
Religion: 83% Roman Catholic, 10% Protestant, 4% Muslim, 3% Buddhist and other
Language: Tagalog (renamed Pilipino) is the national language of the Philippine
Republic; English is the language of school instruction and government
business
Literacy: about 75%
Labor force: 11 million; 60% o agriculture, forestry, fishing, 12% manufacturing,
10.5% commerce, 10.5% government and services (business, recreation, domestic,
personal), 3.5% transport, storage, communication, 3% construction; 0.5% other
PEOPLE:
Population: 38,931,000, average annual growth rate 3.1%
(February 60-May 70); males 15-49, 8,853,000; 5,790,000
fit for military service; about 394,000 reach military
GOVERNMENT:
Legal name: Republic of the Philippines
Type: republic
Capi tal : Quezon
Political subdivisions: 67 provinces
Legal system: based on Spanish, Islamic, and Anglo-American law; constitution
passed 1935, ratified as amended 1947; judicial review of legislative acts
in the Supreme Court; legal education at University of the Philippines,
Ateneo de Manila University, and 71 other law schools; accepts compulsory
ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations
Branches: strong executive branch with Presidential Cabinet; bicameral
legislature -- Senate and House of Representatives; judicial branch
by Supreme Court with descending authority in a Court of Appeals, of First Instance in various provinces, municipal courts in chartered
cities, and justices of the peace in towns and municipalities; these
justices have considerably more authority than do justices of the peace
in the U.S.
Government leader: President Ferdinand E. Marcos
Suffrage: universal over age 21, and literate
Elections: elections for President and House of Representatives held every 4 years;
Senate elections staggered with one-third membership elected every 2 years
Political parties and leaders: Liberal Party, Gerardo M. Roxas; Nacionalista
Party, Gil J. Puyat
Voting strength (1971): Senate -- Nacionalista Party, 19 seats; Liberal Party,
5 seats; House of Representatives -- Nacionalista Party, 92; Liberal Party,
18
Communists: under 1,000; sympathizers, 5,000-6,000 (est.)
Member of: ADB, ASEAN, ASPAC, Colombo Plan, ECAFE, IAEA, ICAO, IHB, Seabeds
Committee (observer), SEATO, U.N., UNESCO, UNICEF, WHO
ECONOMY:
GNP: $8.5 billion (1970), $210 per capita
Agriculture: main crops -- rice, corn, coconut, sugarcane, abaca, tobacco
Fishing: catch 978,000 tons, $332 million (1969)
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 ECONOMY (cont'd)A v sps4 631 9JA RP 01 a sARRP4~00100p2-1
Major indu # s~? ed rF~ 1~~a~ r~O~~sS~Q to 1Te Em1Ca a c em'
products
Electric power: 2,201,000 kw. capacity (1970); 8.3 billion kw.-hr. produced
(1970), 216 kw.-hr. per capita
Exports: $1,062 million (f.o.b., 1970); copra, sugar, logs and lumber, coconut
oil, copper concentrates, abaca
Imports: $1,210 million (c.i.f., 1970)
Major trade partners: (1968) exports -- 43% U.S., 39% Japan; imports -- 29%
U.S., 35% Japan
Aid:
economic -- U.S. (FY46-69), $1.5 billion committed; Japan (reparations),
$550 million extended in 1956, $337 million drawn through July 1969; IBRD
(1953-68), $158 million committed;
military -- U.S. (FY46-68), $552.3 million committed
Monetary conversion rate: 6.43 pesos=US$1 (July, 1970) (floating rate)
Fiscal year: 1 July - 30 June
COMMUNICATIONS:
Railroads: 2,160 mi.; 2 common-carrier systems (3'6" gage) totaling about 710
mi.; 19 industrial systems with 4 different gages totaling 1,450 mi.; 34%
government owned
Highways: 39,516 mi.; 7,647 mi. paved; 22,791 mi. gravel, crushed stone, or
stabilized soil surface; 9,078 mi. improved earth
Inland waterways: 2,000 mi.; limited to shallow-draft (less than 5 ft.) vessels
Pipelines: refined products, 157 mi.
Ports: 13 major, 89 minor
Merchant marine: 176 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 925,800 GRT, 1,321,500
DWT; includes 9 passenger, 122 cargo, 28 tanker, 11 bulk, 6 specialized
carrier
Civil air: 92 major transport aircraft
Airfields: 297 total, 188 usable; 35 with permanent-surface runways; 6 with
runways 8,000-11,999 ft., 20 with runways 4,000-7,999 ft.; 8 seaplane stations
DEFENSE FORCES:
Supply: almost exclusively from U.S.; naval ships and equipment also from
Australia, Japan, and Italy
Military budget: for fiscal year ending 30 June 1972, $117.0 million; about 10%
of total budget
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 Approved For Release 2004/08lVDCIA-RDP79-01051 A000400010002-1
LAND:
120,600 sq. mi.; 49% arable, 14% other agricultural, 27%
forested, 10% other (1969)
Land boundaries: 1,920 mi.
WATER:
Limits of territorial waters: 3 n. mi. (fishing, 12 n. mi.)
Coastline: 305 mi.
PEOPLE:
Population: 32,892,000, average annual growth rate 0.9%
(current); males 15-49, 8,638,000; 6,824,000 fit for
military service; 355,000 reach military age (19)
ll
y
annua
Ethnic divisions: 98.7% Polish, .6% Ukrainians, .5% Belorussians, less than
.05% Jews, .2% other
Religion: 95% Roman Catholic (about 75% practicing), 5% Uniate, Greek Orthodox,
Protestant, and other
Language: Polish, no significant dialects
Literacy: about 98%
Labor force: 16.3 million; 38% agriculture, 26% industry, 36% other nonagricultural*
GOVERNMENT:
Legal name: Polish People's Republic (PRL)
Type: Communist state
Capital : Warsaw
Political subdivisions: 17 provinces, 5 city provinces, 391 districts
Legal system: mixture of Continental (Napoleonic) civil law and Communist legal
theory; constitution adopted 1952; court system parallels administrative
divisions with Supreme Court, composed of 104 justices, at apex; no
judicial review of legislative acts; legal education at 7 law schools; has
not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Branches: legislative, executive, judicial system dominated by parallel
Communist Party apparatus
Government leader: Piotr Jaroszewicz, Premier; Jozef Cyrankiewicz, chairman
of Council of State (president)
Suffrage: universal and compulsory over age 18
Elections: parliamentary and local government every 4 years
Dominant political party and leader: Polish United Workers' Party (PZPR)
(Communist) Edward Gierek, First Secretary
Voting strength (1969 election): 97% voted for Communist-approved single slate
Communists: 2,100,000 party members (September 1971)
Other political or pressure groups: National Unity Front (FJN), including United
Peasant Party (ZSL), Democratic Party (SD), progovernment pseudo-Catholic
Pax Association and Christian Social Association, Catholic independent Znak
group; powerful Roman Catholic Church, Stefan Cardinal Wyszynski, Primate
Member of: CEMA, GATT, ICAO, IHB, Indochina Truce Commission, Korea Truce
Commission, Seabeds Committee, U.N. and all specialized agencies except IMF
and IBRD, Warsaw Pact
ECONOMY:
GNP: $43.8 billion in 1970 at 1969 prices, $1,330 per capita; 1970 growth rate
4.5%
Agriculture: self-sufficient for minimum requirements; main crops -- grain,
sugar beets, oilseeds, potatoes, exporter of livestock products and sugar;
importer of grains; 3,300 calories per day per capita (1968-69)
*Excludes armed forces and other classified categories of employment.
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 ECONOMY (cont'd): Approved For Release 2004/08/31 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000400010002-1
Major industries: chemistry, food processing, transportation equipment, machine
building, iron and steel, textiles, and shipbuilding
Crude steel: 11.8 million metric tons produced (1970), about 360 kg. per capita
Electric power: 13,875,000 kw. capacity (1970); 64.5 billion kw.-hr. produced
(1970), 1,965 kw.-hr. per capita
Exports: $3,548 million (f.o.b., 1970); 39% machinery and equipment, 33% fuels,
raw materials, and semimanufactures, 13% agricultural and food products,
16% industrial consumer goods
Imports: $3,608 million (f.o.b., 1970); 36% machinery and equipment; 48% fuels,
raw materials, and semimanufactures; 10% agricultural and food products;
S
6% industrial consumer goods
Major trade partners: $7,155 million (1970); 66% with Communist countries, 34%
with West (1970)
Monetary conversion rate: 4 zlotys=US$l (commercial); 24 zlotys=US$l (noncommercial)
Fiscal year: same as calendar year; economic data are reported for calendar
years except for caloric intake which is reported for the consumption year, ?
1 July - 30 June
COMMUNICATIONS:
Railroads: 16,469 route mi.; 14,381 mi. standard gage, 2,088 mi. narrow gage,
4,644 mi. double track; 2,400 mi. electrified; government owned (1970)
Highways: 190,095 mi.; 40,389 mi. paved; 39,479 mi. crushed stone, gravel;
110,227 mi. earth (improved and unimproved) (1971)
Inland waterways: 3,158 mi. navigable streams and canals (1971)
Pipelines: 1,700 mi. for natural gas; 500 mi. for crude oil; 117 mi. for refined
products
Freight carried: rail -- 421.4 billion short ton, 67.9 million short ton/mi.
(1970); highway 920.7 million short tons, 9.8 billion short ton/mi. (1970);
waterway -- 7 million short tons, 1.6 billion short ton/mi. (1970)
Merchant marine: 239 ships (1,000 GRT and over) totaling 1,562,600 GRT and
2,166,700 DWT; includes 1 passenger, 169 cargo, 5 tanker, 64 bulk
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LAND:
Metropolitan Portugal: 36,400 sq. mi., including the Azores
and Madeira Islands; 48% arable, 6% meadow and pasture,
31% forested, 15% waste and urban, inland water, and
other (1966)
Cape Verde Islands: 1,560 sq. mi., divided among 10 islands
and several islets (not a part of Metropolitan Portugal)
Land boundaries: 750 mi.
WATER:
Limits of territorial waters: territorial sea claim 6 n. mi.
(fishing, 12 n. mi.)
Coastline: 1,945 mi. (excludes Azores, Maderia, and Cape
Verde Islands, 1,180 mi.)
PEOPLE:
Population: metropolitan Portugal 8,668,182 (1970); Cape Verde Islands 250,300
(1969); males 15-49, 2,199,000; 1,700,000 fit for military service; average
number reaching military age (20) annually, about 74,000
Ethnic divisions: homogeneous Mediterranean stock in mainland, Azores, Madeira
Islands; small number of black workers from the Cape Verde Islands
Religion: 97% Roman Catholic, 1% Protestant sects, 2% other
Language: Portuguese
Literacy: 65% (a figure considered very high by some sources)
Labor force: 3.3 million (1970); 32% agriculture, 34% industry, 34% services;
unemployment virtually nil, but underemployment widespread
Organized labor: 33.3% of labor force in syndicates subject to varying degrees
of government control
GOVERNMENT:
Legal name: Republic of Portugal
Type: republic, with single legal party controlled by a Prime Minister
Capital: Lisbon
Political subdivisions: 18 districts in mainland Portugal and 4 "autonomous
districts" in Azores and Madeira Islands; 7 overseas provinces in Africa
and Asia
Legal system: civil law system; constitution adopted 1933, frequently amended
since; no judicial review of legislative acts; legal education at Universities
of Lisbon and Coimbra; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations
Branches: executive with President, Council of State, and Council of Ministers;
legislative with National Assembly dominated by executive and a Corporative
Chamber, the latter consultative and advisory; and judicial completely
controlled by executive branch
Government leader: Prime Minister Marcello Caetano, appointed September 1968
Suffrage: all citizens over age 21 who are literate and have not been deprived
of their civil rights
Elections: National Assembly, direct but government-controlled, held every 4 years,
next in 1973; local direct parish board elections held every 4 years, next in
1975; President, by government-controlled electoral college every 7 years,
next in 1972
Political parties and leaders: government-controlled National Popular Action
(ANP) -- formerly called National Union -- only legally recognized political
organization; Monarchist Cause group is tolerated by regime; various opposition
groups include -- Communist Party (PCP) whose secretary, Alvaro Cunhal, is
in exile; a dissident Communist exile group, Patriotic Front of National
Liberation (FPLN); and several small non-Communist groups such as the moribund
Democratic Social Action (ADS); Portuguese Socialist Action (ASP) leader Mario
Soares; extremist opposition group, League of Revolutionary Union
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 GOVERNMENT (cont' approved For Release 2004/08/31 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000400010002-1
Political parties and leaders (cont'd):
and Action (LUAR) has been dormant since 1970, with leader, Herminio de Palma
Inacio in exile abroad; Armed Revolutionary Action (ARA) is radical and
violence-prone group which appeared in October 1970 and claimed credit for
several sabotage acts
Voting strength (1969 election): National Union, as ANP was then called, won all
130 seats in National Assembly in first contested election
Communists: 2,000-7,000 est.; sympathizers cannot be determined
Other political or pressure groups: Portuguese Legion, Portuguese Youth,
Association for the Study of Economic and Social Development (SEDES)
authorized in October 1970 as a discussion group with political overtones
Member of: EFTA, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IHB, ILO, IMF, ITU, NATO, OECD, Seabeds
Committee (observer), U.N., UPU, WHO, WMO
ECONOMY:
GNP: $6,350 million, $660 per capita (1970 est.); 72.9% consumption, 17.7%
investment, 14.1% government, -4.7% net exports of goods and services (1970),
growth rate 6.6% (1970) in 1963 constant prices
Agriculture: generally underdeveloped; main crops -- grains, potatoes, olives,
grapes for wine; food shortages -- sugar, wheat; caloric intake, 2,930
calories per day per capita (1968)
Fishing: catch 334,000 tons, $74.1 million; exports $47.3 million, imports $24.6
million, trade includes fish and fish products
Major industries: cotton textiles, cork processing, fish canning, petroleum
refining, pulp and paper, chemical fertilizer
Shortages: coal, petroleum, cotton, steel
Crude steel: .38 million metric tons produced (1970), 40 kg. per capita (1970)
Electric power: 2,700,000 kw. capacity (1970); 7,400 million kw.-hr. produced
(1970), 1,000 kw.-hr. per capita
Exports: $946 million (f.o.b. 1970); principal items -- cotton textiles, cork
and cork products, canned fish, wine, timber and timber products, resin
Imports: $1,556 million (c.i.f., 1970); principal items -- petroleum, cotton,
industrial machinery, iron and steel, chemicals
Major trade partners: (1969) 16.5% U.K., 12% West Germany, 6.1% France, 7.6%
U.S., 10.7% Angola, 6% Mozambique; 27.5% EC; 28.8% EFTA; .7% Communist
countries
Aid:
economic -- U.S., $180.7 million (1949-70), $4.7 million authorized 1969,
$4.3 million authorized 1970; IBRD, $57.5 million authorized (1964-66), none
since 1966; net official aid to less developed areas and multilateral agencies
$462 million (1961-70), $79.5 million (1969), $57.1 million (1970);
military -- U.S., $328.1 million authorized (1949-70), $2.7 million authorized
in 1969, $1.3 million authorized in 1970
Monetary conversion rate: 28.75 escudos=US$l (official)
Fiscal year: calendar year
COMMUNICATIONS:
Railroads: 2,230 mi.; 472 mi. 3'3 3/8" meter gage, 1,758 mi. broad gage (5'5 9/16");
265 mi. double track; 274 mi. electrified
Highways: 18,500 mi.; 11,000 mi. bituminous, bituminous treatment, concrete and
stoneblock; 7,200 mi. gravel and crushed stone; 300 mi. improved earth; plus
an additional 10,500 mi. of unimproved earth roads (motorable tracks)
Inland waterways: 508 mi. navigable; relatively unimportant to national economy,
used by shallow-draft craft limited to 330-ton cargo capacity
Ports: 7 major, 33 minor
Merchant marine: 111 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 824,900 GRT, 1,065,500 DWT;
includes 15 passenger, 70 cargo, 19 tanker, 4 bulk, 3 specialized carrier
Civil air: 21 major transport aircraft
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 oved F Release 2004/08/31 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000400010002-1
COMMUNICA I (colt 25:
Airfields (including Azores, Cape Verde Islands, and Madeira Islands): 62 total,
54 usable; 26 with permanent-surface runways; 2 with runways over 12,000 ft.,
9 with runways 8,000-11,999 ft., 17 with runways 4,000-7,999 ft.; 7 seaplane
stations
Telecommunications: facilities are generally adequate; 720,000 telephones; 1.6
million radio receivers; 400,000 television receivers; 35 AM, 35 FM, and 30
TV stations; 18 submarine cables
DEFENSE FORCES:
Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1971, $409.4 million; about
37% of central government budget
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 nirc Fns Approved For Release 2%f/ 13 1 qffpP79-01051A000400010002-1
LAND:
14,000 sq. mi. (includes Bijagos archipelago)
Land boundaries: 460 mi.
WATER:
Limits of territorial waters: claims 6 n. mi. (fishing 12
n. mi.)
Coastline: 170 mi
PEOPLE:
Population: 488,000, average annual growth rate 0.2%
(FY69); males 15-49, 116,000; 65,000 fit for
e
i
c
military serv
Ethnic divisions: about 99% African (Balanta 30%, Fulani 20%, Mandyako 14%,
Malinke 13%, and 23% other tribes); less than 1% European and mulatto
Religion: 66% animist, 30% Muslim, 4% Christian
Language: Portuguese official, numerous African languages
Literacy: 3% to 5%
Labor force: bulk of population engaged in subsistence agriculture
GOVERNMENT:
Legal name: Province of Guinea
Type: overseas province of Portugal
Capital: Bissau
Political subdivisions: 9 municipalities (concelhos-areas containing Europeans
and Educated Africans), 3 circumscriptions (predominantly indigenous population)
Legal system: based on Portuguese law
Branches: Governor General appointed by Ministry of Overseas has wide local
authority; he is assisted by an appointed Secretary-General and an 8-man
Government Council; a 15-member Legislative Council, 11 of whose members
are elected by various groups, represents economic and tribal interests of
province; Minister of Overseas can nullify any provincial legislation or
Governor's decision; judiciary based on Portuguese system
Government leader: Governor General Antonio Sebastiao Ribeiro de Spinola
Political parties and leaders: National Popular Action of Portugal only legal
party; opposition parties (illegal) include Partido Africano da Independencia
da Guinee e Cabo Verde (PAIGC), led by Amilcar Cabral, a Communist-supported
nationalist party which is chief political force conducting current
rebellion against Portuguese rule and which operates mainly from Republic of
Guinea; Front de Lutte pour l'Independence Nationale de la Guinee (FLING),
a loose coalition of Senegal-based nationalist elements opposed both to the
Portuguese and the PAIGC, leadership fragmented, headed by Benjamin Pinto-
Bull; other nationalist factions
Suffrage: limited to those satisfying fairly rigid economic and cultural
requirements
ECONOMY:
Agriculture: main crops -- palm oil, root crops, rice, coconuts, peanuts
Electric power: 1,200 kw. capacity (1970); 2 million kw.-hr. produced (1970),
4 kw.-hr. per capita
Exports: $3.2 million (f.o.b., 1967); principally peanuts, coconuts
Imports: $16.4 million (c.i.f., 1967); manufactured goods, fuels, transport
equipment, rice
Major trade partners: mostly Portugal, also immediate neighbors
Aid: Portugal, small amounts
Monetary conversion rate: 28.75 escudos=US$l (official)
Fiscal year: probably is the calendar year
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 COMMUNICATIONS: Approved For Release 2004/08/31 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000400010002-1
Railroads: none
Highways: approx. 2,000 mi. (205 mi. bituminous, remainder earth)
Inland waterways: 994 mi.
Ports: 1 major, 2 minor
Civil air: no major transport aircraft
Airfields: 63 total, 60 usable; 3 with permanent-surface runways; 9 with runways
4,000-7,999 ft.; 1 seaplane station
Telecommunications: limited telephone and telegraph service; 1,800 telephones;
3,600 radio receivers; 1 AM, no FM or TV stations
DEFENSE FORCES:
Defense is responsibility of Portugal
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 Approved For Release 20"9@&@IStqDP79-01051 A000400010002-1
LAND:
7,000 sq. mi.; 34% forest, 33% grassland, and 33%
cultivated (1968)
Land boundaries: 90 mi.
WATER:
Limits of territorial waters: territorial sea claim 6 n. mi.
(fishing, 12 n. mi.)
Coastline: 1,600 mi.
PORTUGUESE
,s,..~.:T1M0R
approx. 4,600 Chinese and 10,000 ha cos
Christian (almost equally divided between Catholic and
Religion: 17% Chri
Protestant), remainder practice animism unintelligible;
Language: an estimated 9-15 dialects, of Malay origin but mutually
75% of the population speaks the Tetum dialect low; educational system being
Literacy: rate of literacy is unknown, but is very 967 total school
67 of total school
expanded under first Five Year Development Plan; by a9 1
of
enrollment was 25,000 out of total school-age p P
natives can speak Portuguese
Labor engaged in primitive village subsistence economy, 10% engaged
as town laborers
PEOPLE:
Population: 620,000, average annual growth rate 1.8% (FY66-69)
Ethnic divisions: 95% indigenous Timorese belonging to
the Malay racial group; 9 ethnic divisions, each
speaking a distinct dialect of Malay structure;
GOVERNMENT:
Legal name: Province of Timor
Type: overseas province of Portugal
Capital: Dili
political subdivisions: 12 administrative districts
Legal system: based on Portuguese law
Branches: Governor General appointed by Portuguese Minister of Overseas; advised
by a 7-member council composed of 4 ex offico members and 3 members elected
from the Legislative Council of 14 members (3 ex Health, ciosande11Eelected); Jc, in
usual executive departments such as Treasury,
Transportation exist, each of which is headed by a director (appointed 1968)
Government leader: Governor Brig. Jose Noqoueira Valente Pires (Suffrage: high school education required
Elections: Timor elects one representative to the Portuguese National Assembly,
scarcely more than a gesture the National Popular Action
Political parties and leaders: single party only,
on Timor
Voting strength: limited to Portuguese on Timor and small group of Timorese
who fulfill requirement
Communists: prior to 1 October 1965, infiltration by Indonesian Communist Party
from Indonesian Timor, especially in the Oe-Cusse enclave
ECONOMY:
GNP: less than $100 per capita
Agriculture: principal crops -- corn,ri0je,8rubber, coffee, (1970),
Electric power: 2,000 kw. capacity million kw
13 kw.-hr. per capita
Exports: $2.6 million (f.o.b., 1967); coffee, copra
Imports: $5.2 million (c.i.f., 1967)
Major trade partners: Portugal and its possessions, Singapore, and Hong Kong
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 ECONOMY (cont'd): Approved For Release 2004/08/31 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000400010002-1
Monetary conversion rate: Portuguese escudo known in Timor as pataca; 28.75
patacas=US$l
Fiscal year: calendar year
COMMUNICATIONS:
Railroads: none
Highways: 463 mi.; 293 mi. gravel or crushed stone, 170 mi. improved and
unimproved earth
Inland waterways: none
Ports: 1 minor
Civil air: no major transport aircraft
Airfields: 14 total, 10 usable; 2 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runway
8,000-11,999 ft., 3 with runways 4,000-7,999 ft.; 1 seaplane station
Telecommunications: domestic and international radio stations used primarily
for administrative and military purposes; 1 low-power radiobroadcast station;
unreliable open-wire lines and 12 small manual switchboards serve about 679
telephones; 3,075 radio sets
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 NIS 84 Approved For Release 200410813i : CJ,-RDP79-01051A000400010002-1
LAND:
3,440 sq. mi.; 33% arable, 35% meadow and pasture, 13%
forested, 19% waste, urban, or other (1964)
WATER:
Limits of territorial waters: 3 n. mi. (fishing, 12 n. mi.
Coastline: 300 mi.
.PQMIHI,Cv~#!4: ,..
AIT 11 EPU~4~ N~
6.1~R8AX2DS ...
`^TAlryl4a~;
PEOPLE: COLOMBIA J l
Population: 2,766,000, average annual growth rate 1.1%
(FY69) BRAZIL
Ethnic divisions: 80% white, 20% mixed (with Indian and RERU
Negro elements)
Religion: predominantly Roman Catholic
Language: Spanish, English
Literacy: 88%
Labor force: 706,000; 19% agriculture, 14% manufacturing, 7% construction, 39%
government services and trade, 8% other, 13% unemployed
Organized labor: 45% of labor force
GOVERNMENT:
Legal name: Commonwealth of Puerto Rico
Type: commonwealth voluntarily associated with U.S.
Capital: San Juan
Political subdivisions: 76 municipalities
Legal system: based on civil codes; constitution came into effect 1952, U.S.
Constitution also applies; local courts and U.S. federal court; legal
education at University of Puerto Rico Law School
Branches: elected Governor and bicameral legislature; 9-judge Supreme Court
appointed by Governor
Government leader: Governor Luis A. Ferre
Elections: every 4 years, last election November 1968; plebescite held July
1967 on question of opting for statehood, continued commonwealth status, or
full independence; 60.5% for commonwealth status, 38.9% for statehood, 0.6%
for independence
Suffrage: universal over age 21
Political parties and leaders: Popular Democratic Party (PPD), Luis Negron Lopez;
Republican Statehood Party (PER); New Progressive Party (PPN), Luis A. Ferre;
Christian Action Party (PAC), Catholic Church; Independence Party (PI);
People's Party (formed August 1968), Roberto Sanchez
Voting strength (1968 election): 44.6% PPN, 42.2% PPD, 9.4% People's Party;
distribution of house seats -- NPP 26, PPD 25; distribution of Senate seats
-- PPD 16, PPN 11
ECONOMY:
GNP: $4.6 billion (FY70), $1,650 per capita
Agriculture: main crops -- sugar, coffee, tobacco, bananas
Major industries: textiles, clothing manufacture, food processing, petroleum
refining, petro-chemicals
Electric power: 1.2 million kw. capacity (1969); 5.9 billion kw.-hr. produced
(1969 est.), 2,010 kw.-hr. per capita
Exports: $1,680 million (f.o.b., 1970); sugar, pineapple, citrus fruits, coffee,
rum, textiles
Imports: $2,680 million (f.o.b., 1970); food, machinery, transportation equip-
ment, fuels, minerals
Major trade partner: exports -- U.S. 93%; imports -- U.S. 77%
Monetary conversion rate: uses U.S. currency
Fiscal year: 1 July - 30 June
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Railroads: more than 450 mi. plantation lines; 6 gages from 1'8" to 3'3 3/8"
with latter predominating
Highways: 4,800 mi.; 3,900 mi. paved, 260 mi. gravel, 640 mi. otherwise
improved and unimproved earth
Inland waterways: negligible
Pipelines: refined products, 90 mi.
Ports: 3 major, 7 minor
Civil air: major transport aircraft are included in U.S. registered total
Airfields: 31 total, 27 usable; 16 with permanent-surface runways; 3 with
runways 8,000-11,999 ft., 9 with runways 4,000-7,999 ft.; 3 seaplane stations
Telecommunications: highly developed telecom system of open-wire and radio relay
links; communications satellite ground station; 302,300 telephones; over
1 million radio and 410,000 TV receivers; 48 AM, 18 FM, and 11 TV stations;
5 submarine cables, including 4 coaxial
DEFENSE FORCES:
Defense is responsibility of U.S.
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LAND:
About 4,000 sq. mi.; negligible amount forested; mostly
desert, waste, or urban (1963)
Land boundaries: 35 mi.
WATER:
Limits of territorial waters: 3 n. mi.
Coastline: 350 mi.
PEOPLE:
Population: 129,000, average annual growth rate 10.8%
(FY65-69); males 15-49, about 31,000; about 18,000
fit for military service
Ethnic divisions: 56% Arab; 23% Iranian; 14% Pakistani; 7% other
Religion: Muslim
Language: Arabic
Literacy: 10%-15%
Labor force: 48,000 (1969)
GOVERNMENT:
Legal name: State of Qatar
Type: traditional monarchy; independence declared in 1971
Capital: Ad Dawhah
Legal system: discretionary system of law controlled by the ruler, although new
civil codes are being implemented; Islamic law is significant in personal
matters; a constitution was promulgated in 1970
Government leader: Amir Ahmad ibn 'Ali Al-Thani
Political parties and pressure groups: none; a few small clandestine organizations
are active
Branches: Council of Ministers
Member of: Arab League, U.N.
ECONOMY:
GNP: $65 million (1969 est.)
Agriculture: farming and grazing on small scale; commercial fishing increasing
in importance; most food imported; rice and dates staple diet
Major industries: oil production and refining; crude oil production from onshore
and offshore averaged 362,000 bbls. per day in 1970; oil revenues estimated
$122 million at the beginning of 1970, representing 99% of government/royal
family income; major development projects include $7 million harbor at Ad Dawhah,
fertilizer plant, 2 desalting plants, refrigerated storage for fishing, and
a cement plant
Electric power: capacity 80,000 kw. (1970); 200 million kw.-hr. produced (1970),
1,709 kw.-hr. per capita
Exports: crude oil dominates; reexports $56 million (1968)
Imports: approx. $53 million in 1969
Aid: multilateral annual average $170,000 (1967-69)
Monetary conversion rate: 1 Qatar-Dubai riyal=US$0.21
Fiscal year: 1 April - 31 March
COMMUNICATIONS:
Railroads: none
Highways: 275 mi. bituminous; 225 mi. gravel; surfaced; undetermined mileage of
earth tracks
Pipelines: crude oil, 73 mi.; natural gas, 60 mi.
Ports: 2 minor
Airfields: 10 total, 1 usable; 2 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runway
8,000-11,999 ft.
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COMMUNICATIONS (cohl
Civil air: no major transport aircraft
Telecommunications: all international telecom traffic is by radio thru Bahrain;
fair domestic wire facilities; 9,400 telephones; 25,000 radio and 20,000 TV
receivers; 1 AM and 1 TV stations
DEFENSE FORCES:
Supply: from U.K.
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 NIS 62 Approved For Release 2004/O83lI:NCIA-RDP79-01051A000400010002-1
LAND:
970 sq. mi.; two-thirds of island extremely rugged,
consisting of volcanic mountains; 120,000 acres (less
than one-fifth of the land) under cultivation
WATER:
Limits of territorial waters: 3 n. mi.
Coastline: 125 mi.
Labor force: primarily agricultural workers; high seasonal unemployment
PEOPLE:
Population: 461,000, average annual growth rate 2.3% (FY69)
Ethnic divisions: most of the population is of thoroughly
intermixed ancestry of French, African, Malagasy,
Chinese, and Indian origin
Religion: predominantly Roman Catholic
Language: French (official), Creole widely used
Literacy: over 80% among younger generation
GOVERNMENT:
Legal name: Overseas Department of Reunion
Type: overseas department of France; represented in French Parliament by three
Deputies and two Senators
Capital: Saint-Denis
Legal system: French law
Branches: Reunion is administered by a Prefect appointed by the French Minister
of Interior, assisted by a Secretary-General and an elected 36-man General
Council
Government leader: Prefect Jean Vaudeville
Suffrage: universal adult
Elections: last municipal elections in 1971; parliamentary election June 1968
Political parties and leaders: Reunion Communist Party (RCP) led by Paul Verges,
only organized political movement on island; other political candidates
affiliated with metropolitan French parties, which do not maintain permanent
organizations on Reunion
Voting strength (parliamentary election 1968): Gaullist candidates swept all 3
districts
Communists: Communist Party small -- probably only 15-20 hard-line Communists --
but has support among peasant sugarcane cutters and in Le Port district
ECONOMY:
Agriculture: cash crops -- almost entirely sugarcane, small amounts of vanilla
and perfume plants; food crops -- tropical fruit and vegetables, manioc,
bananas, corn, market garden produce, also some tea, tobacco, and coffee;
food crop inadequate, most food needs imported
Major industries: 12 sugar processing mills, rum distilling plants, cigarette
factory, 2 tea plants, fruit juice plant, canning factory, a slaughterhouse,
and a number of small shops producing handicraft items
Electric power: 54,400 kw. capacity (1970); 108 million kw.-hr. produced (1970),
246 kw.-hr. per capita
Exports: $46.2 million (f.o.b., 1968); 84% sugar, 10% perfume essences, 5% rum,
1% vanilla
Imports: $126 million (c.i.f., 1968); 45% manufactured goods, 30% food, beverages,
and tobacco, 20% machinery and transportation equipment, 5% raw materials
and petroleum products
Major trade partners: France (supplies 75% of Reunion's imports, purchases 90%
of its exports); Madagascar (supplies 6% of its imports)
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Monetary conversion rate: 277 Communaute Financiere Africaine francs=US$l
(official)
Fiscal year: probably calendar year
COMMUNICATIONS:
Railroads: none
Highways: 1,092 mi.; 814 mi. paved, 278 mi. gravel, crushed stone, or stabilized
earth
Ports: 1 major
Civil air: no major transport aircraft
Airfields: 6 total, 6 usable; 1 with permanent-surface runway; 1 with runway
8,000-11,999 ft., 2 with runways 4,000-7,999 ft.
Telecommunications: adequate for size of island and fairly modern; international
communications by radio to France, Malagasy, and Mauritius; 11,300
telephones; 71,000 radio and 17,700 TV receivers; 1 AM, no FM, and 8 TV
stations
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LAND:
151,000 sq. mi.; 40% arable (of which 6% cultivated); 60%
available for extensive cattle grazing; European
alienated lands (farmed by modern methods) 39%,
African 48%, national land 7%, 6% not alienated (1970)
Land boundaries: 1,875 mi.
PEOPLE:
Population: 5,537,000, average annual growth rate 3.3%
(FY67-70); males 15-49, 1,284,000; 785,000 fit for
military service; average number reaching military
age (18) annually, 53,000
Ethnic divisions: 96% African, 3% European, less than
1% Coloreds and Asians
Religion: 51% syncretic (part Christian, part animist), 24% Christian,
24% animist, a few Muslim
Language: English official; Chishona and Sindebele also widely used
Literacy: 25%-30%; of whites, nearly 100%
Labor force: (1971) 776,000 Africans (including many migrants from Zambia and
Malawi), Europeans, Asians, and coloreds (people of mixed heritage); 35%
agriculture, 25% mining, manufacturing, construction, 40% transport and
services
Organized labor: about one-third of European wage earners are unionized, but
only a small minority of Africans (1966)
GOVERNMENT:
Legal name: Colony of Southern Rhodesia
Type: self-proclaimed independent state since 1965 (not recognized by U.S.);
settlement reached with U.K. in November 1971, legal independence expected
first half of 1972
Capital: Salisbury
Political subdivisions: 11 magisterial districts
Legal system: Smith government implemented a republican constitution on 2 March
1970 which institutionalized white rule
Branches: President Dupont is ceremonial head of state; executive council
(cabinet) lead by Prime Minister Smith; National Assembly gives highly
disproportionate representation to white minority -- 50 white constituency
seats and 16 black constituency seats
Government leaders: Prime Minister Ian Smith and President Clifford Dupont
Suffrage: franchise is based on income, property holdings, and education; there
are separate rolls for Africans and non-Africans
Elections: must be held every 5 years
Political parties and leaders: Rhodesian Front, Prime Minister Smith; Centre
Party, Pat Bashford
Voting strength (1970 elections): Rhodesian Front won all 50 white constituency
seats in Parliament
Communists: negligible
Other pressure groups and leaders: African nationalist organizations banned
from political activity -- Zimbabwe African People's Union, Joshua Nkomo;
Zimbabwe African National Union, Ndabaningi Sithole; these leaders detained
by government; exiled leaders in Lusaka, Zambia, are James Chikerema (ZAPU)
and Herbert Chitepo (ZANU)
Member of: no international bodies
ECONOMY:
GDP: $1,359 million (1970 est.), $260 per capita; real growth rate 4.5% (1970)
Agriculture: main crops -- tobacco, corn, sugar, cotton, citrus fruits; live-
stock; self-sufficient in foodstuffs except wheat
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 ECONOMY (cont'd): Approved For Release 2004/08/31 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000400010002-1
Major industries: mining and steel, textiles
Electric power: 1,187,000 kw. capacity (1970); 5,580 million kw.-hr. produced
(1970), 1,160 kw.-hr. per capita
Exports: $384 million (f.o.b., 1970), including net gold sales and reexports;
tobacco, asbestos, copper, clothing, meat, chrome, sugar
Imports: $329 million (f.o.b., 1970); textiles, machinery, petroleum products,
wheat, transport equipment
Major trade partners: South Africa, Portugal, and Portuguese territories
Aid: no substantial military or economic aid
Monetary conversion rate: 1 Rhodesian dollar=US$1.40 (official); 0.714 Rhodesian
dollar=US$l
Fiscal year: 1 July - 30 June
COMMUNICATIONS:
Railroads: 1,610 mi. narrow gage (3'6"); 26 mi. double track
Highways: 49,385 mi.; 4,965 mi. paved, 18,350 mi. crushed stone, gravel,
stabilized soil, or improved earth; 26,070 mi. unimproved earth
Inland waterways: 175 mi. on Lake Kariba
Airfields: 289 total, 200 usable; 7 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with run-
way over 12,000 ft., 23 with runways 4,000-7,999 ft.
Civil air: 12 major transport aircraft
Telecommunications: system is one of the best in Africa; consists of radio-relay
links, open-wire lines, and radiocommunication stations; principal center
Salisbury, secondary center Bulawayo; 122,100 telephones; 145,300 radio
and 50,000 TV receivers; 8 AM, no FM and 2 TV stations
DEFENSE FORCES:
Military budget: for fiscal year ending 30 June 1972, $51,260,000; 15.5% of
total budget
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 Approved For Release 2004I0R5 1 lA-RDP79-01051 A000400010002-1
LAND:
91,700 sq. mi.; 44% arable, 19% other agriculture, 27%
forested, 10% other (1969)
Land boundary: 1,845 mi.
WATER:
Limits of territorial waters: 12 n. mi.
Coastline: 140 mi.
Ethnic divisions: 87% Romanian, 8% Hungarian, 2% German, 3% other
Religion: 14,000,000 Romanian Orthodox, 1,000,000 Roman Catholic, 1,000,000
Protestants, 100,000 Jews, 30,000 Muslims
Language: Romanian, Hungarian, German
Literacy: 98%-99% of total population
Labor force: 10.4 million (est. 1 July 1966); 57% agriculture, 19% industry,
24% other nonagricultural
PEOPLE:
Population: 20,596,000, average annual growth rate 1.1%
(current); males 15-49, 5,368,000; 4,510,000 fit for
military service; 187,000 reach military age (20)
annually
GOVERNMENT:
Legal name: Socialist Republic of Romania
Type: Communist state
Capital: Bucharest
Political subdivisions: 39 counties and 46 municipalities, including Bucharest
Legal system: mixture of civil law system and Communist legal theory which
increasingly reflects Romanian traditions; constitution adopted 1965; legal
education at University of Bucharest and two other law schools; has not
accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Branches: Council of Ministers; the Grand National Assembly, under which is
Office of Prosecutor General and Supreme Court; Council of State is a
collective head of state
Government leaders: Ion Gheorghe Maurer, President of the Council of Ministers,
head of government; Nicolae Ceausescu, President of Council of State,
titular head of state
Suffrage: universal over age 18, compulsory
Elections: elections in Romania held every 2 years for the local people's
councils and every 4 years for Grand National Assembly deputies
Political parties and leaders: Communist Party of Romania only functioning party,
Nicolae Ceausescu, General Secretary
Voting strength (1969 election): overall participation reached 99.96%; of those
registered to vote (13,577,143), 99.75% voted for party candidates
Communists: 2,089,085 party members (December 1970)
Member of: CEMA, FAO, IAEA, ICAO, ILO, ITU, Seabeds Committee, U.N., UNESCO,
UPU, Warsaw Pact, WHO, WMO, GATT
ECONOMY:
GNP: $23.2 billion in 1970 (at 1969 prices), $1,140 per capita; 1970 growth rate
5.0%
Agriculture: net exporter; main crops -- corn, wheat, oilseed; livestock --
cattle, hogs, sheep; caloric intake, 3,000 calories per day per capita (1967-68)
Major industries: machinery, metals, fuels, chemicals, textiles, food processing,
timber processing
Shortages: iron ore, coking coal, metallurgical coke, cotton fibers, natural
rubber
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 ECONOMY (cont'd): Approved For Release 2004/08/31 : CIA-RDP79-01051AO00400010002-1
Crude steel: 6.5 million metric tons produced (1970), 320 kg. per capita
Electric power: 7.5 million kw. capacity (1970); 34.9 billion kw.-hr. produced
(1970), 1,710 kw.-hr. per capita
Exports: $1,850 million (f.o.b., 1970); 22% machinery and equipment; 40% fuels,
raw materials, semifinished products; 22% foodstuffs; and 16% consumer goods
(1969)
Imports: $1,949 million (mixture f.o.b. and c.i.f., 1970); 44% machinery and
equipment; 46% fuels, raw materials, semifinished products; 4% foodstuffs;
and 6% consumer goods (1969)
Major trade partners: $3,799 million in 1970; 45% non-Communist countries, 55%
Communist countries
Monetary conversion rate: 6 lei=US$l (commercial); 12 lei=US$l (noncommercial);
18 lei=US$l (tourist)
Fiscal year: same as calendar year; economic data reported for calendar years
except for caloric intake, which is reported for consumption year, 1 July -
30 June
COMMUNICATIONS:
Railroads: 9,700 mi.; 6,430 mi. standard gage, 3,252 mi. narrow gage, 18 mi.
broad gage; 187 mi. electrified, 421 mi. double track; government owned
(1970)
Highways: 48,000 mi.; 7,600 mi. paved; 16,300 mi. other improved surfaces,
24,100 mi. earth (1969)
Inland waterways: 1,445 mi. (1971)
Pipelines: crude oil, 1,600 mi.; refined products, 888 mi.; natural gas, 3,100
mi.
Freight carried: rail -- 178.6 million short tons, 32.3 billion short ton/mi.
(1970); highway -- 435 million short tons, 4.8 billion short ton/mi. (1970);
waterway -- 3.4 million short tons, .77 billion short ton/mi. (1970)
Merchant marine: 49 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 349,600 GRT, 509,100
DWT; includes 1 passenger, 33 cargo, 4 tanker, 11 bulk
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LAND:
10,000 sq. mi.; almost all the arable land, about 1/3
under cultivation, about 1/3 pastureland (1967)
Land boundaries: 545 mi.
PEOPLE:
Population: 3,791,000 (African population only), average
annual growth rate 3.1% (FY65-67); males 15-49,
880,000; 425,000 fit for military service; no
conscription; 36,000 reach military age (18) annually
Ethnic divisions: 90% Hutu, 9% Tutsi, 1% Twa (Pygmoid)
Religion: 45% Catholic, 9% Protestant, 1% Muslim, rest
animist
Language: Kinyarwanda and French official; Kiswahili language of African commerce,
Kinyarwanda language of interior and used in National Assembly
Literacy: 10% in French and Kinyarwanda
Labor force: less than 5% in cash economy
GOVERNMENT:
Legal name: Republic of Rwanda
Type: republic, formerly combined with Burundi in U.N. trusteeship under Belgium;
became separate independent country in July 1962
Capital: Kigali
Political subdivisions: 10 prefectures, subdivided into 141 communes
Legal system: based on German and Belgian civil law systems and customary law;
constitution adopted 1962; judicial review of legislative acts in the
Supreme Court; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Branches: executive consists of President, popularly elected.for 4-year term,
and 14 cabinet ministers; single house 47-member National Assembly, popularly
elected for 4-year terms; 6-member Supreme Court appointed by President
Government leader: President Gregoire Kayibanda
Suffrage: universal and compulsory over age 18
Elections: last legislative election September 1969; president reelected September
1969; both elected for 4-year terms
Political parties and leaders: Party of the Hutu Emancipation Movement
(PARMEHUTU), led by President Gregoire Kayibanda, dominates at all levels
Member of EAMA, IBRD, ICAO, ILO, IMF, ITU, OCAM, OAU, U.N., UNESCO, WHO, WMO
ECONOMY:
GDP: $195 million (1970), $50 per capita
Agriculture: cash crops -- mainly coffee, tea, cotton, some pyrethrum; main
food crops -- bananas, cassava; stock raising; self-sufficiency increasing
but country still imports some foodstuffs
Major industries: mining of cassiterite (tin ore), agricultural processing, and
light consumer goods
Electric power: 21,460 kw. capacity (1970); 100 million kw.-hr. produced (1970),
28 kw.-hr. per capita
Exports: $24.6 million (f.o.b., 1970); mainly coffee, tea, pyrethrum, cassiterite
Imports: $26.4 million (c.i.f., 1970); textiles, foodstuffs, machines, equipment
Major trade partners: U.S., Belgium, Congo (Kinshasa)
Aid: U.S., FY64-70, $7.5 million; Belgium, France, Germany, and Canada, FY64-67,
$33.4 million obligated
Monetary conversion rate: 100 Rwanda francs=US$l (official)
Fiscal year: calendar year
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Railroads: none
Highways: 3,728 mi.; 1,243 mi. primary roads (only 6 mi. paved), 2,485 mi.
secondary roads; most roads improved or unimproved earth
Inland waterways: Lake Kivu navigable by steamers and barges
Civil air: no major transport aircraft
Airfields: 20 total, 15 usable; 2 with permanent-surface runways; 2 with
runways 4,000-7,999 ft., 1 with runway 8,000-11,999 ft.
Telecommunications: telephone and telegraph limited; main center is Kigali;
1,400 telephones; 30,000 radio receivers; 2 AM, no FM or TV stations
DEFENSE FORCES:
Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1971, $3,900,000; about
20.4% of total budget
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 NIS 45 Approved For Release 2004/0?(K?6yA-RDP79-01051A000400010002-1
LAND:
848 sq. mi.; 44% forested, 25% cropland, 10% grassland,
21% other, including building sites, roads, wasteland,
etc. (1968)
Land boundaries: 1,000 mi.
Labor force: 423,000; about 33.6% agriculture, forestry, fishing; 28.4% trade
and services; 16.9% industry; 11.6% government and utilities; 9% employed
by U.S. forces; .5% unemployed (1970)
Organized labor: 8% of labor force
1.1% (FY65-69) ; males 15-49, 240,000; 169,000 fit for L
military service
Ethnic divisions: homogeneous; no significant minorities
Religion: basically animist; no significant minorities
Language: Japanese (strong local dialect)
Literacy! 95%
Limits of territorial waters: 3 n. mi.
PEOPLE:
Population: about 999,000, average annual growth rate
GOVERNMENT:
Legal name: Ryukyu, southern
Type: U.S.-administered territory; will revert to Japan in 1972
Capital: Naha
Political subdivisions: 3 main island groups (Okinawa, Yaeyama, Miyako); 60
cities, towns, and villages
Legal system: based on Japanese civil law with specific U.S. enactments dealing
with the islands; U.S. Executive Order of 1957 functions as constitution
Branches: executive, judicial, and legislative branches
Government leader: Chief Executive, Chobyo Yara
Suffrage: universal over age 20
Elections: Japanese Diet elections held every four years or upon dissolution of
Lower House, triennially for one half of Upper House; Legislative Assembly,
every 3 years
Political parties and leaders: Okinawa Liberal Democratic Party (OLDP), Seisaku
Ota, president; Okinawa Socialist Masses Party (OSMP), Tsumichiyo Asato,
chairman; Okinawa People's Party (OPP) (pro-Communist), Kamejiro Senaga,
chairman; Okinawa Prefecture Headquarters Japan Socialist Party (OJSP),
Kosuke Vehara, chairman
Voting strength: seats in Legislative Assembly following 1968 election -- OLDP
18, OSMP 9, OPP 3, OJSP 2
Communists: 300-400; sympathizers 2,000
ECONOMY:
GNP: $860 million (FY70), $870 per capita
Agriculture: sugarcane, pineapple, rice; 65% self-sufficient
Major industries: sugarcane and pineapple processing; various light industries
Electric power: 485,600 kw. capacity (1970); 1.42 billion kw.-hr. produced
(1970), 1,430 kw.-hr. per capita
Exports: $108 million (f.o.b., FY70); sugar, pineapples
Imports: $481 million (c.i.f., FY70)
Major trade partners: Japan, U.S.
Aid: economic -- U.S. (FY46-69), $397 million committed
Monetary conversion rate: U.S. currency used
Fiscal year: 1 July - 30 June
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Railroads: none
Highways: 2,060 mi.; 286 paved, 596 gravel, remainder earth
Pipelines: refined products, 33 mi.
Ports: 2 major, 3 minor
Civil air: 8 major transport aircraft (registered in Japan)
Airfields: 22 total, 16 usable; 12 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runway
over 12,000 ft., 2 with runways 8,000-11,999 ft., 8 with runways 4,000-7,999
ft.; 2 seaplane stations
DEFENSE FORCES:
Defense is responsibility of U.S.
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 NIS 81A Approved For Releases?OQ(3pHC4W79-01051 A000400010002-1
LAND:
150 sq. mi.; 40% arable, 10% pasture, 17% forest, 33%
wasteland and built-on (1962)
WATER:
Limits of territorial waters: 3 n. mi.
Coastline: 120 mi.
PEOPLE:
Population: 65,000 (official estimate for 31 December 1967),
average annual growth rate 1.2% (April 60-70)
Ethnic divisions: mainly of African Negro descent
Religion: Church of England, other Protestant sects, Roman
Catholic
Language: English
Literacy: about 80%
Labor force: not available
Organized labor: 6,700
GOVERNMENT:
Legal name: State of St. Christopher-Nevis
Type: dependent territory with full internal autonomy as a British "Associated
State"; Anguilla formally seceded in May 1967 but has not been recognized
as an independent state by any government; in July 1968 a legislative
council headed by Ronald Webster was elected to govern Anguilla; in March
1969 the U.K. sent troops to Anguilla, placing the island again under
colonial rule
Capital: Basseterre
Political subdivisions: 10 districts
Legal system: based on English common law; constitution of 1960; highest judicial
organ is Court of Appeal of Leeward and Windward Islands
Government leaders: Premier, Robert L. Bradshaw; U.K. Governor, M. P. Allen
Suffrage: universal adult suffrage
Elections: at least every 5 years; most recent 10 May 1971
Political parties and leaders: OSt. Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla Labor Party, Robert
L. Bradshaw; People's Action Movement (PAM), William Herbert; Nevis Reformation
Party (NFP), Ivor Stevens
Voting strength (1971 election): St. Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla Labor Party won
7 seats in the House of Assembly, PAM won 2, 1 seat remains open for Anguilla
which did not participate in the election as a protest to United Kingdom's
resumption of control over St. Christopher and Nevis
Communists: none known
Member of: CARIFTA
ECONOMY:
GDP: $15.2 million (1969), $270 per capita
Agriculture: main crops -- sugar on St. Christopher, cotton on Nevis
Major industries: sugar processing, salt extraction
Electric power: 147,500 kw. capacity (1969 est.); 260 million kw.-hr. produced
(1969 est.), 437 kw.-hr. per capita
Exports: $4.3 million (f.o.b., 1969); sugar, molasses, cotton, salt, copra
Imports: $9.6 million (c..i.f., 1969); foodstuffs, fuel, manufactures
Major trade partners: U.K. 45%, Canada 14%, U.S. 12% (1966)
Monetary conversion rate: 1.93 East Caribbean dollars=US$l (6 October 1971)
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Railroads:
none
Highways:
180 mi.; 60 mi. paved, 90 mi. gravel, crushed stone, or improved
earth,
30 mi. unimproved earth
Ports: 2 minor
Civil air: no major transport aircraft
Airfields: 3 total, 3 usable; 1 with asphalt runway 5,700 ft.
Telecommunications: good interisland VHF radio connections and international
link via Antigua; about 1,600 telephones; no data on radio, 6,000 TV
receivers; 2 AM and 1 TV stations
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 NIS 81A Approved For Release 2004/0f31L:Ucc4-RDP79-01051 A000400010002-1
LAND:
238 sq. mi.; 34% arable, 5% pasture, 21% forest, 22%
unused but potentially productive, 18% wasteland
and built-on (1964)
WATER:
Limits of territorial waters: 3 n. mi.
Coastline: 98 mi.
PEOPLE:
Population: 104,000, average annual growth rate 1.6%
(April 60-70)
Ethnic divisions: mainly of African Negro descent
Religion: predominantly Roman Catholic
Language: English, French patois
Literacy: about 80%
Labor force: 27,000 (1960); 50% agriculture
Organized labor: 20% of labor force
GOVERNMENT:
Legal name: State of St. Lucia
Type: dependent territory with full internal autonomy as a British "Associated
State"
Capital: Castries
Political subdivisions: 14 parishes
Legal system: based on English common law; constitution of 1960; highest judicial
body is Court of Appeal of Leeward and Windward Islands
Government leaders: Premier John Compton; U.K. Governor Frederick Clarke
Suffrage: universal adult suffrage
Elections: every 5 years; most recent April 1969
Political parties and leaders: United Worker's Party (UWP), John Compton; St..
Lucia Labor Party (SLP), Martin Jean Baptiste; St. Lucia Labor Party United
Front (LPUF) led by George Charles
Voting strength (1969 election): UWP won 6 of the 10 elected seats in Legislative
Council; SLP won 3 seats; LPUF won 1 seat
Communists: negligible
Member of:. CARIFTA
ECONOMY:
GDP: $28.2 million (1969), $230 per capita
Agriculture: main crops -- bananas, copra, sugar, cocoa, spices
Major industries: tourism, lime processing
Shortages: food, machinery, capital goods
Electric power: 4,565 kw. capacity (1969); 9.3 million kw.-hr. produced (1969
est.); 82 kw.-hr. per capita
Exports: $6.2 million (f.o.b., 1968); sugar, bananas, cocoa
Imports: $14.7 million (c.i.f., 1968); foodstuffs, machinery and equipment,
fertilizers, petroleum products
Major trade partners: U.K. 49%, Canada 9%, U.S. 8% (1964)
Monetary conversion rate: 1.93 East Caribbean dollars=US$l (6 October 1971)
COMMUNICATIONS:
Railroads: none
Highways: 440 mi.; 150 mi. paved; 190 mi. gravel, crushed stone, or improved
earth; 100 mi. unimproved earth
Ports: 1 major, 1 minor
Civil air: no major transport aircraft
Airfields: 3 total, 3 usable; 1 with asphalt runway 5,700 ft., 1 with concrete
runway 5,000 ft.; 2 seaplane stations
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Telecommunications: partly automatic telephone system with 2,700 telephones to
be improved as result of initiation of operation of microwave radio link
between two main towns; interisland tropospheric links to Barbados and Antigua;
no data on radio or TV receivers, 1 AM station
290
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 NIS 81AApproved For Release 2004/08/31 CIA RDP79-01051A000400010002-1
ST.
LAND:
150 sq. mi. (including northern Grenadines); 50% arable, 3%
pasture, 44% forest, 3% wasteland and built-on (1964)
WATER:
Limits of territorial waters: 3 n. mi.
Coastline: 52 mi.
PEOPLE:
Population: 91,000, average annual growth rate 1.1% (April
60-70)
Ethnic divisions: mainly of African Negro descent; remainder
mixed with some white and East Indian and Carib Indian
Religion: Church of England, Methodist, Roman Catholic
Language: English, some French patois
Literacy: about 80%
Labor force: 24,000 (1960); about 40% in agriculture
Organized labor: 10% of labor force
GOVERNMENT:
Legal name: State of St. Vincent
Type: dependent territory with full internal autonomy as a British "Associated
State"
Capital: Kingstown
Political subdivisions: 10 local government authorities
Legal system: based on English common law; constitution of 1960; highest
judicial body is Court of Appeal of Leeward and Windward Islands
Government leader: Premier, R. Milton Cato; Administrator (U.K.) Rupert John
Suffrage: universal adult suffrage
Elections: every 5 years; most recent May 1967
Political parties and leaders: People's Political Party (PPP), Ebenezer Joshua;
St. Vincent Labor Party (LP), R. Milton Cato
Voting strength (1967 election): LP won 6 seats to PPP's 3 in the Legislative
Council
Communists: negligible
Member of: CARIFTA
ECONOMY:
GDP: $16.9 million (1969), $180 per capita
Agriculture: main crops -- bananas, arrowroot, coconut
Major industries: food processing
Electric power: 1,700 kw. capacity (1969); 5.1 million kw.-hr. produced (1969
est.), 53 kw.-hr. per capita
Exports: $3.7 million (f.o.b., 1968); bananas, arrowroot, copra, cotton
Imports: $1.0 million (c.i.f., 1968); fertilizer, flour, transportation
equipment, lumber, textiles
Major trade partners: U.K. 39%, U.S. 10%, Canada 10% (1967)
Monetary conversion rate: 1.93 East Caribbean dollars=US$l (6 October 1971)
COMMUNICATIONS:
Railroads: none
Highways: 600 mi.; 150 mi. paved; 450 mi. gravel, crushed stone, or improved
earth
Ports: 1 minor
Civil air: no major transport aircraft
Airfields: 3 total; 2 usable, with asphalt runway 4,800 ft.
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COMMUNICATIONS (cont d):
Telecommunications: islandwide automatic telephone system with 900
instruments; VHF interisland links to Barbados and St. Lucia; no data on
radio or TV receivers; 2 AM stations
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 Approved For Release 2004/0> 'MARc RDP79-O1O51AO00400010002-1
LAND:
24 sq. mi.; 74% cultivated, 22% meadows and pastures, 4%
built-on (1964)
Land boundaries: 21 mi.
Organized labor: General Democratic Federation of Sanmarinese Workers (affiliated
with ICFTU) has about 1,800 members; Communist-dominated Camera del Lavoro,
about 1,000 members
PEOPLE:
Population: 20,000, average annual growth rate 1.9%
(FY65-70)
Ethnic divisions: composite of Mediterranean, Alpine,
Adriatic, and Nordic racial types
Religion: Roman Catholic
Language: Italian
Literacy: illiteracy relatively insignificant
Labor force: approx. 4,300
GOVERNMENT:
Legal name: Republic of San Marino
Type: republic (dates from 4th century A.D.); in 1862 the Kingdom of Italy
concluded a treaty guaranteeing the independence of San Marino; although
legally sovereign, San Marino is vulnerable to pressure from the Italian
Government
Capital: San Marino
Political subdivisions: San Marino is divided into 9 sections: Guaita, Fratta,
Serravalle, Domagnano, Acquaviva, Fiorentino, Montegiardino, Faetano,
Chiesanuova
Legal system: based on civil law system with Italian law influences; electoral
law of 1926 serves some of the functions of a constitution; has not accepted
compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Branches: the Grand and General Council is the legislative body elected by popular
vote; its 60 members serve 5-year terms; Council in turn elects two Captains-
Regent who exercise executive power for term of 6 months, the Council of
State whose members head government administrative departments and the Council
of Twelve, the supreme judicial body; actual executive power is wielded by
the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs and the Secretary of State for
Internal Affairs
Government leaders: Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs Federico Bigi
(Christian Democratic party); Secretary of State for Internal Affairs Gian
Luigi Berti (Christian Democratic party)
Suffrage: universal (since 1960)
Elections: elections to the Grand and General Council required at least every
5 years; next elections 1974
Political parties and leaders: Christian Democratic party (DCS), Federico Bigi
Social Democratic Party (PSDIS), Alvaro Casali; Socialist Party (PSS), Gino
Giacomini, Domenico Forcellini; Communist Party (PCS), Umberto Barulli
Voting strength (1969 election): 45% DCS, 25% PCS, 18.3% PSDIS, 11.7% PSS
Communists: approx. 300 members (number of sympathizers cannot be determined);
PCS is technically autonomous but in fact closely tied to Italian Communist
Party (PCI); PCS-PSS coalition dominated San Marino Government until 1957;
PSS, unlike its Italian counterpart, remains securely allied with PCS
Other political parties and pressure groups: political parties influenced by
policies of their counterparts in Italy, but the two Socialist parties are
not united as in Italy
Member of: ICJ, International Institute for Unification of Private Law,
International Relief Union, IRC, UPU
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ECONOMY:
and i tourism; the n goMarino are vernment's farming, livestock rais
Principal economic
manufacturing, isgabougt
$1
$12 million, on, with the largest share of revenue derived from the sale of
postage stamps throughout the world and from payments by the Italian
government in exchange for Italy's monopoly in retailing tobacco, gasoline,
and a few other goods; main problem is finding an additional $3 million to
finance badly needed water and electric power systems expansions
Agriculture: principal crops are wheat (average annual output about 4,400 metric
tons/year) and grapes (average annual output about 700 metric tons/year);
other grains, fruits, vegetables, andanimal cows, oxen, feedstuffsaarndeshalso
6,000
livestock population numbers roughly
and hides are most important livestock products
Electric power: obtained from Italy
Manufacturing: consists mainly of cotton textile production at Serravalle, brick
and tile production at Dogane, cement production atAcquaviva,Do hides,
Fiorentino, and pottery production at Borgo Maggiore; paper, candy, baked goods, Moscato wine, and gold and silver souvenirs are
also produced
Foreign transactions: dominated by tourism; in summer months 20,000 to 30,000
foreigners visit San Marino every day; a number of hotels and restaurants
have been built in recent years to accommodate them; remittances from
Sanmarinese abroad also represent an important net foreign inflow; commodity
trade
wheat,cwine, sortoanwie,
manufactures
COMMUNICATIONS:
Railroads: none
Highways: about 65 mi.
Civil air: no major transport aircraft
Airfields: none
Telecommunications: automatic telephone system serving 2,400 telephones; no
radiobroadcasting or television facilities, 3,000 radio and 600 TV receivers
(Italian broadcasts)
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LAND:
618,000 sq. mi. (boundaries are poorly defined); 1%
agricultural, 1% forested, 98% desert, waste, or
urban (1963)
Land boundaries: 2,820 mi.
WATER:
Limits of territorial waters: 12 n. mi.
Coastline: 1,560 mi.
rwrLL..
Population: about 4.7 million, average annual growth rate
000; 720,000 fit
350
1
les 15-49
t
,
,
,
); ma
2.5% (curren
for military service; about 69,000 reach military age (18) annually
Ethnic divisions: 90% Arab, 10% Afro-Asian (est.)
Religion: 100% Muslim
Language: Arabic
Literacy: 15% (est.)
Labor force: about 25% of population; 40% agriculture and herding, 12%
construction, 12% service, 12% government, 11% commerce
GOVERNMENT:
Legal name: Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Type: monarchy
Capital: Riyadh; foreign ministry and foreign diplomatic representatives located
in Juddah
Political subdivisions: 18 amirates
Legal system: largely based on Islamic law, several secular codes have been
introduced; commercial disputes handled by special committees; has not
accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Branches: King Faysal (Al Saud, Faysal ibn Abd al-Aziz) rules in consultation
with ruling family, Council of Ministers, and religious leaders
Government leader: King Faysal
Communists: negligible
Member of: Arab League, FAO, IAEA, IATA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, IMF, ITU, OAPEC,
OPEC, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO
ECONOMY:
Agriculture: dates, grains, livestock; not self-sufficient in food
Major industries: petroleum production 3.8 million barrels per day (1970); est.
payments to Saudi Arabian Government, $1,223 million in 1970; cement
production and small steel-rolling mill and oil refinery; several other
light industries, including factories producing detergents, plastic products,
furniture, etc.; PETROMIN, a semipublic agency associated with the Ministry
of Petroleum, has recently completed a major fertilizer plant
Electric power: 290,000 kw. capacity (1970); 1 billion kw.-hr. produced (1970),
180 kw.-hr. per capita
Exports: $2,185 million (f.o.b., 1970); 99% petroleum and petroleum products
Imports: $842 million (c.i.f., 1970); manufactured goods, transportation equipment,
construction materials, and processed food products
Major trade partners: exports -- U.S., Western Europe, Japan; imports -- U.S.,
Japan, West Germany
Monetary conversion rate: 4.5 Saudi riyals=US$l (IMF par value, freely convertible)
Fiscal year: follows Islamic year; the 1970-71 Saudi fiscal year covers the
period 2 September 1970 through 20 August 1971
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COMMUNICATIONS:
Railroads: 350 mi., 4'8 1/2" gage
Highways: 7,542 mi.; 4,971 mi. bituminous, 520 mi. gravel and crushed stone,
2,051 mi. improved earth, undetermined mileage of earth and desert track
Pipelines: crude oil, 1,792 mi.; refined products, 96 mi.; natural gas, 275 mi.
Ports: 3 major, 6 minor
Merchant marine: 10 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 46,200 GRT, 61,500 DWT;
includes 2 passenger, 6 cargo, 1 bulk, 1 tanker
Civil air: 23 major transport aircraft
Airfields: 228 total, 71 usable; 16 with permanent-surface runways; 9 with
runways 8,000-11,999 ft., 40 with runways 4,000-7,999-ft.
Telecommunications: excellent international radio communications; poor domestic
wire service; 44,250 telephones; 85,000 radio and 75,000 TV receivers; 11
TV, 1 FM, and 4 AM stations; 2 submarine cables
DEFENSE FORCES:
Military budget: for fiscal year ending 10 August 1972, $712.8 million; about
29.7% of total budget
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LAND:
76,000 sq. mi.; 13% forested, 40% agricultural (10%
cultivated), 47% built-up areas, waste, etc.
Land boundaries: 1,665 mi.
WATER:
Limits of territorial waters: 12 n. mi.
Coastline: 330 mi.
1/ Europeans an
Religion: 80% Muslim, 15% animist, 5% Christian (mostly Roman Catholic)
Language: French official, but regular use limited to literate minority; most
Senegalese speak own tribal language; use of Wolof vernacular spreading --
now spoken to some degree by nearly half the population
Literacy: 10% (est.) in 14 plus age group
Labor force: 1,732,000; about 70% subsistence agricultural workers; about 125,000
wage earners
Organized labor: majority of wage-labor force represented by unions; however,
dues-paying membership very limited
PEOPLE:
Population: 4,029,000, average annual growth rate 2.6%
(FY69); males 15-49, 952,000; 455,000 fit for military
service; 42,000 reach military age (18) annually
Ethnic divisions: 36% Wolof, 18% Fulani, 17% Serer, 9%
Tukulor, 9% Dyola, 7% Malinke, 3% other African,
A Lebanese
GOVERNMENT:
Legal name: Republic of Senegal
Type: republic; only one legal party since 1966
Capital: Dakar
Political subdivisions: 7 regions, each subdivided into 28 departments and 90
arrondissements
Legal system: based on French civil law system; laws dealing with marriage,
inheritance, succession, etc., based on Islamic law with elements of
traditional practices; constitution adopted 1960, revised 1963 and 1970;
judicial review of legislative acts in Supreme Court (which also audits
the government's accounting office); legal education at University of Dakar;
has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Branches: Government dominated by President who is assisted by Prime Minister,
appointed by President and subject to dismissal by President or censure by
National Assembly; 80-member National Assembly, elected for 5 years
(effective 1968); President elected for 5-year term (effective 1968) by
universal suffrage; judiciary headed by Supreme Court, with members appointed
by President
Government leaders: Leopold Sedar Senghor, President; Abdou Diouf, Prime Minister
Suffrage: universal adult
Political parties and leaders: Union Progressiste Senegalaise (UPS), ruling
party led by President Leopold Senghor, has absorbed all major opposition
parties; illegal parties include Communist-backed Parti Africain
de 1'Independence (PAI), led by Majmout Diop, and Parti Communiste Senegalais
(PCS) a splinter group
Elections: single party (UPS) presidential and legislative elections held
February 1968
Communists: a few Communists and sympathizers; PAI is pro-Moscow; PCS is pro-Peking
Member of: EAMA, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ILO, IMCO, IMF, ITU, OCAM, Organization
of Senegal River States (OERS), U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO
2
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ECONOMY:
GDP: $824 million (1969, calculated at exchange rate prevailing after August
1969); $210 per capita; real growth rate 2% (per annum)
Agriculture: main crops -- peanuts, millet, sorghum, manioc, rice; peanuts
primary cash crop; production of food crops increasing but still
insufficient for domestic requirements
Fishing: catch 182,000 tons, $23 million (1969); exports $151,000 (1969),
imports (not available)
Major industries: fishing, agricultural processing plants, light manufacturing,
mining
Electric power: 110,400 kw. capacity (1970); 337 million kw.-hr. produced (1970),
84 kw.-hr. per capita
Exports: $115 million (f.o.b., 1969); approx. 50% peanuts and peanut products;
phosphate rock; canned fish
Imports: $185 million (c.i.f., 1969); food, consumer goods, machinery, transport
equipment
Major trade partners: France, EC (other than France), and franc zone
Aid: economic -- France (1964-67) $93.1 million; U.S. (1961-70) $37.3 million;
U.S.S.R. $6.7 million loan negotiated; EC (1962-70) $100.5 million;
military -- U.S. (FY61-70) $2.8 million
Monetary conversion rate: 1 Communaute Financiere Africaine franc=0.02 French
francs; prior to 13 August 1971, 277 CFA francs=US$l
Fiscal year: 1 July - 30 June
COMMUNICATIONS:
Railroads::640 mi. meter gage; 40 mi. double track
Highways: 8,725 mi.; 1,335 mi. bituminous, 990 mi. gravel, 400 mi. improved
earth, 6,000 mi. unimproved earth
Inland waterways: 935 mi.
Merchant marine: 3 ships (1,000 GRT and over) totaling 5,300 GRT, 6,500
DWT; includes 2 cargo, 1 tanker
Ports: 1 major, 4 minor
Civil air: 5 major transport aircraft, including 1 leased to Air Mauritanie
Airfields: 40 total, 25 usable; 8 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runway
8,000-11,999 ft., 17 with runways 4,000-7,999 ft.; 3 seaplane stations
Telecommunications: relatively advanced for Africa; 29,300 telephones; 268,000
radio receivers; 1,400 TV receivers; 3 AM, no FM, and 1 TV stations;
3 submarine cables
DEFENSE FORCES:
Supply: primarily dependent on France
Military budget: for fiscal year ending 30 June 1972, $17,874,100; about 10.5%
of total budget
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LAND:
156 sq. mi.; 54% arable land, nearly all of it is under
cultivation, 17% wood and forest land, 29% other
(mainly reefs and other surfaces unsuited for
agriculture); 40 granitic and 43 coral islands
WATER:
Limits of territorial waters: 3 n. mi.
Coastline: 305 mi. (Mahe Island 58 mi.)
PEOPLE:
Population: 54,000, average annual growth rate 2.0% (FY69);
males 15-49, 13,000; 7,000 fit for military service
Ethnic divisions: Seychellois (admixture of Asians,
Africans, Europeans)
Religion: 90% Roman Catholic
Language: English official; Creole most widely spoken
Literacy: limited
Labor force: 22,000 agriculture
Organized labor: 3 major trade unions
GOVERNMENT:
Legal name: Colony of the Seychelles
Type: British crown colony
Capital: Victoria, Mahe Island
Legal system: based on English common law, French civil law system, and
customary law
Branches: Governor, Council of Ministers, Legislative Assembly
Government leader: Governor Sir Bruce Greatbatch
Suffrage: universal adult
Elections: November 1970
Political parties and leaders: Seychelles Democratic Party (SDP), James R.
Mancham, President; Seychelles Peoples United Party (SPUP), France
Albert Rene, President
Voting strength: SDP won 4 seats on Governing Council with 52.8% popular vote
in 1970 election; SPUP won 5 seats with 47.2% of votes
Communists: negligible of
Other political or pressure groups: trade unions which are appendages
political parties
ECONOMY:
Agriculture: islands depend largely on coconut production and export of copra;
cinnamon, vanilla, and patchouli (used for perfumes) are other cash crops;
food crops -- small quantities of sweet potatoes, cassava, sugarcane, and
bananas; islands not self-sufficient in foodstuffs and the bulk of the
supply must be imported
Major industries: processing of coconut and vanilla, fishing, small-scale
manufacture of consumer goods, coir rope factory, tea factory
Electric power: 3,400 kw. capacity (1970); 8.5 million kw.-hr. produced (1970),
162 kw.-hr. per capita
Exports: $3 million (f.o.b., 1968); cinnamon (bark and oil) and vanilla account
for almost 50% of the total, copra accounts for about 40%, the remainder
consisting of vanilla, patchouli, fish, and guano
Imports: $6.3 million (c.i.f., 1968); food, tobacco, and beverages account for
about 40% of imports, manufactured goods about 25%, machinery and transport
equipment, petroleum products, textiles
Major trade partners: exports -- India, U.S.; imports -- U.K., Burma, India,
South Africa, Kenya, Australia
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 ECONOMY (cont'd): Approved For Release 2004/08/31 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000400010002-1
Aid: $1.2 million in aid in both 1965 and 1966 from U.K.
Monetary conversion rate: 5.4 Seychelles rupees=US$l
Fiscal year: calendar year
COMMUNICATIONS:
Railroads: none
Highways: 141 mi.; 62 mi. bituminous, 79 mi. crushed stone or earth
Ports: 1 minor port (Victoria)
Civil air: no major transport aircraft
Airfields: 2 total, 1 usable on Astove Island, 1 permanent surface 8,000-11,999
ft.; former RAF seaplane station at Port Victoria, Mahe Island, although
not in present use, could be used in emergency
Telecommunications: direct radiotelegraph communications with other adjacent
islands and African coastal countries; 600 telephones; 11,000 radio sets;
no TV sets; 2 AM, no FM, and no TV stations; submarine cables extend to
Aden, Tanzania, Ceylon, and Mauritius
DEFENSE FORCES:
Defense is responsibility of U.K.; no U.K. troops present
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LAND:
27,900 sq. mi.; 65% arable (6% of total land area under
cultivation), 27% pasture, 4% swampland, 4% forested
(1967)
Land boundaries: 580 mi.
WATER:
Limits of territorial waters: territorial sea claim 200 n.
mi. (no fishing claim)
Coastline: 250 mi.
PEOPLE:
2 607 000 average annual growth rate 1.5%
Population. , , ,
(FY69); males 15-49, 616,000; 295,000 fit for military
service; no conscription
Ethnic divisions: over 99% native African, rest European and Asian; 13 tribes
Religion: 70% animist, 25% Muslim, 5% Christian
Language: English official, but regular use limited to literate minority;
principal vernaculars are Mende in south and Temne in north; "Creole," a
form of pidgin English, is also widely spoken
Literacy: about 10%
Labor force: about 1.5 million; most of population engages in subsistence
agriculture; only small minority, some 100,000, earn wages
Organized labor: 35% of wage earners (35,000)
GOVERNMENT:
Legal name: Republic of Sierra Leone
Type: republic under presidential regime since April 1971
Capital: Freetown
Political subdivisions: 3 provinces; divided into 12 districts with 146 chief-
doms, where paramount chief and council of elders constitute basic unit of
government; plus western area, which comprises Freetown and other coastal
areas of the former colony
Legal system: based on English law and customary laws indigenous to local
tribes; constitution adopted April 1970; highest court of appeal is the
Sierra Leone Court of Appeals; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Branches: executive authority exercised by President; parliament consists of 78
members, 66 of whom are elected representatives and 12 paramount chiefs
representing tribal councils in provincial districts; independent judiciary
Government leader: Siaka Stevens, President, heads APC government composed
of members of his political party, and paramount chiefs
Elections: the maximum life of an elected parliament is 5 years, but it may be
dissolved earlier by the President; last election March 1967; President is
elected by parliament for 5 year term; next presidential election 1976
Political parties and leaders: All People's Congress (APC), headed by Stevens;
Sierra Leone People's Party (SLPP) is the opposition party
Communists: no party, although there are a few Communists and a slightly larger
number of sympathizers
Member of: Commonwealth, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ILO, IMF, ITU, OAU, Seabeds
Committee, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO
ECONOMY:
GDP: $425 million (FY70), approx. $170 per capita; real growth rate 1970, 2%-3%
Agriculture: main crops -- palm kernels, coffee, cocoa, rice, yams, millet,
cassava; much of cultivated land devoted to subsistence farming; food crops
insufficient for domestic consumption
Fishing: catch 25.5 thousand tons (1969), $3.8 million (1969)
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ECONOMY (cont'd): -- diamonds, iron ore, bauxite, rutile; manufacturing
Major industries: mining
-- beverages, textiles, cigarettes, cons125cmillionokw.-hr oilprodrefineucedry(1970),
(1970);
Electric power: 45,000 kw. capacity
50 kw.-hr. per capita
Exports: $107 million (f . o.b., 1969); 69% 69/ diamonds; iron ore, palm kernels, cocoa,
coffee 1969); machinery and transportation equipment,
Imports: $111 million (c.i.f?~
manufactured goods, foodstuffs, petroleum products
Major trade partners: U.K., EC, Japan, U.S., Communist countries
Monetary conversion rate: 1 Leone=US$1.20 (official); 0.833 leone=US$l
Fiscal year: 1 July - 30 June (since 1 July 1966)
COMMUNICATIONS: Leone Goveernment
Railroads: 370 route miles; 310 mi. narrow gage privy Sierra
rra Leonal re
Railroad (SLR), 60 mi. narrow gage (3'6") operated by the Sierra Leone Development-Company
Highways: 4,950 mi.; 450 mi. bituminous (including some bituminous treatment).,
1,750 mi. laterite (some gravel), and 2,750 mi. earth
Inland waterways: 500 mi.; 372 mi. navigable year-round
Ports: 1 major, 2 minor
1 with runway
Civil air: no major transport aircraft
Airfields: 15 total, 15 usable; 5 with permaneent_surfacesranlays;statitn
8,000-11,999 ft., 4 with runways 4,000-7,999
rndeieleg;ap1 hAarenadeMuate; 6,5000stelephones; ins;
Telecommunications: telephone
35,000 radio and
3 submarine cables
DEFENSE FORCES:
Supply: dependent on U.K.
Military budget: for year ending 30 June 1972, 6,122,000; 8.4% of total
budget
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LAND:
225 sq. mi.; 31% built up area, roads, railroads, and
airfields, 22% agricultural, 47% other (1970)
WATER:
Limits of territorial waters: 3 n. mi.
Coastline: 120 mi.
PEOPLE:
Population: 2,127,000, average annual growth rate 1.6%
(FY70); males 15-49, 492,000; 335,000 fit for military
service
Ethnic divisions: 78% Chinese, 12% Malay, 7% Indians and
Pakistani, 3% other
Religion: majority of Chinese are Buddhists or atheists; Malays nearly all Muslim;
minorities include Christians, Hindus, Sikhs, Taoists, Confucianists
Language: national language is Malay; Chinese, Malay, Tamil, and English are
official languages
Literacy: 88% (1967)
Labor force: 577,000; 3% agriculture and fishing; 24% manufacturing and
construction; 67% trade, transportation, communications, and other services;
6% other
Organized labor: 26% of labor force
GOVERNMENT:
Legal name: Republic of Singapore
Type: republic within Commonwealth since separation from Malaysia in August 1965
Capital: Singapore
Legal system: based on English common law; constitution based on preindependence
State of Singapore constitution; legal education at University of Singapore;
has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Branches: ceremonial President; executive power exercised by Prime Minister and
cabinet responsible to unitary legislature
Government leaders: President, Dr. Benjamin Sheares; Prime Minister, Lee Kuan Yew
Suffrage: universal over age 20; voting compulsory
Elections: normally every 5 years
Political parties and leaders: government -- People's Action Party (PAP), Lee
Kuan Yew; opposition -- Barisan Sosialis Party (BSP), Dr. Lee Siew Choh;
Workers' Party, J.B. Jeyaretnam; Communist Party illegal
Voting strength (1968 election): PAP returned unopposed in 51 of 58 constituencies;
in remaining 7 constituencies PAP received 84% of vote, independents 9%;
Worker's Party 4%; BSP boycotted election
Member of: ASEAN, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ILO, IMCO, IMF, ITU, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO,
WMO
ECONOMY:
GNP: $1.9 billion (1970), $910 per capita; 11% average annual real growth
Agriculture: occupies a position of minor importance in the economy, main crops
-- poultry, hogs, small truck farming; food shortages -- grains, sugar,
dairy products
Fishing: catch 170,000 tons (1970), $5.8 million (1969)
Major industries: rubber processing and rubber products, processed food and
beverages, electronics, ship repair, entrepot trade
Electric power: 584,000 kw. capacity (1970); 2.2 billion kw.-hr. produced (1970),
728 kw.-hr. per capita
Exports: $1.6 billion (f.o.b., 1970); almost 90% reexports; rubber, fuels, food
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Imports: $2.5 billion (c.i.f., 1970); over 40% goods reexported
Major trade partners: exports -- Malaysia, Indonesia, U.S., Japan, U.K.;
imports -- Malaysia, Japan, Indonesia, China, U.K., U.S.
Aid: U.K. -- (1960-September 1969) $254 million disbursed; (1969-73) $120
million extended; IBRD -- (1963-June 1970) $111 million committed, $61
million disbursed
Monetary conversion rate: 3.06 Singapore dollars=US$l
Fiscal year: converted to 1 April - 31 March fiscal year on 1 April 1970;
formerly on calendar year basis
COMMUNICATIONS:
Railroads: 24 mi. of meter gage
Highways: 1,080 mi.; 650 mi. paved, 260 mi. crushed stone, 170 mi. improved
earth
Ports: 3 major
Merchant marine: 115 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 633,200 GRT, 837,900
DWT; includes 4 passenger, 90 cargo, 12 tanker, 6 bulk, 3 specialized carrier
Civil air: 10 major transport aircraft
Airfields: 5 total, 5 usable; 4 with permanent-surface runways; 2 with runways
8,000-11,999 ft., 2 with runways 4,000-7,999 ft.; 1 seaplane station
Telecommunications: adequate domestic facilities; good international service;
good radio and television broadcast coverage; about 136,267 telephones;
est. 227,410 radio and 145,258 TV sets; 2 AM, 4 FM, and 2 TV stations; new
SEACOM submarine cable extends to Hong Kong via Sabah, Malaysia
DEFENSE FORCES:
Supply: produces some small arms ammunition, rifles, and quartermaster-type
individual equipment; some small patrol craft built; all other materiel
imported, mainly from U.K. and U.S.
Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 March 1972, $191 million; 32% of
total budget
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LAND:
246,000 sq: mi.; 13% arable (0.3% cultivated), 32%
grazing, 14% scrub and forest, 41% mainly desert,
urban, or other (1970)
Land boundaries: 1,406 mi.
WATER:
Limits of territorial waters: 12 n. mi.
Coastline: 1,880 mi.
PEOPLE:
Population: 2,886,000, average annual growth rate 2.2%
(FY69); males 15-49, 700,000; 365,000 fit for military
service; no conscription
3ABIA
Ethnic divisions: 85% Hamitic, rest mainly Bantu; 30,000 Arabs, 3,000 Europeans,
800 Asians
Religion: almost entirely Muslim
Language: Somali (but no written form); Arabic, Italian, English
Literacy: under 5%
Labor force: 965,000 (1968 est.); very few are skilled laborers; 70% pastoral
nomads, 30% agriculturists, government employees, traders, fishermen,
handicraftsmen, other
Organized labor: law providing for government-controlled labor union promulgated
in June 1971, but union so far not established
GOVERNMENT:
Legal name: Somali Democratic Republic
Type: republic; under military rule since October 1969
Capital: Mogadiscio
Political subdivisions: 8 regions, 48 districts
Organization: the junta has assumed all authority, calling itself the Supreme
Revolutionary Council, membership of which consists of 18 army and 3 police
officers; the Council has abrogated the constitution, dissolved the parliament,
and banned political parties
Government leader: President of the Supreme Revolutionary Council, Gen. Mohamed
Siad Barre
Member of: EAMA, FAO, IBRD, ICAO, ILO, IMF, ITU, OAU, U.N., UNESCO, UNICEF, UPU,
WHO
ECONOMY:
GDP: $137 million (1968 est.), about $50 per capita
Agriculture: mainly a pastoral country; main crops -- bananas, livestock,
sugarcane, cotton, cereals
Major industries: a few small industries, including a sugar refinery, tuna
and beef canneries, iron rod plant
Electric power: 13,000 kw. capacity (1970); 31 million kw.-hr. produced (1970),
10 kw.-hr. per capita
Exports: $34.5 million (f.o.b., 1969, est.); bananas, livestock, hides, skins
Imports: $46.9 million (c.i.f., 1969, est.); textiles, cereals, transport
equipment
Major trade partners: Italy and U.K.; Arab countries; $6.9 million imports from
Communist countries (1965)
Monetary conversion rate: 7.143 Somali shillings=US$l (official)
Fiscal year: 1 January - 31 December
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Railroads: none
Highways: 8,324 mi.; 492 mi. paved; 478 mi. crushed stone, gravel, or
stablized soil; 7,354 mi. improved or unimproved earth
Inland waterways: Fiume Giuba navigable 345 mi. from May to mid-June and
August to late November
Ports: 4 major, 17 minor
Civil air: 6 major transport aircraft
Merchant marine: 107 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 644,600 GRT, 957,100
DWT; 1 passenger, 10 tanker, 95 cargo; 1 bulk; all foreign owned and operated
Airfields: 107 total, 57 usable; 2 with permanent-surface runways; 3 with
runways 8,000-11,999 ft., 11 with runways 4,000-7,999 ft.; 5 seaplane
stations
Telecommunications: telephone poor, telegraph fair; 4,800 telephones; 45,000
radio receivers; 2 AM, no FM or TV stations
DEFENSE FORCES:
Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1971, 17,662,800; 40.9% of
total budget
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NIS 61 SOUTH AFRICA
LAND:
472,000 sq. mi. (includes enclave of Walvis Bay,
434 sq. mi.); 12% cultivable, 2% forested, 86% desert,
waste, or urban (1970)
Land boundaries: 1,270 mi.
WATER:
Limits of territorial waters: 6 n. mi. (fishing, 12 n. mi.)
Coastline: 1,790 mi.
mi i ary
Force begins at 18; volunteers for service in permanent
force must be 17
Ethnic divisions: 17.8% white, 69.9% Bantu, 9.4% Colored, 2.9% Asian
Religion: primarily Christian except Asian and Bantu; 60% of Bantu are animists
Language: Afrikaans and English official, Bantu have many vernacular languages
Literacy: almost all white population literate; government estimates 35% of
Bantu literate
Labor force: 8.7 million (total of economically active, 1960); 53% agriculture,
8% manufacturing, 7% mining, 5% commerce, 27% miscellaneous services
Organized labor: about 5% of total labor force is unionized (mostly white
workers); nonwhites have no bargaining power
PEOPLE:
Population: 22,118,000, average annual growth rate 2.4%
(FY69); males 15-49, 5,060,000; 3,065,000 fit for
'1t service- obligation for service in Citizen
GOVERNMENT:
Legal name: Republic of South Africa
Type: republic
Capital: administrative, Pretoria; legislative, Cape Town; judicial, Bloemfontein
Political subdivisions: 4 provinces, each headed by centrally appointed
administrator; provincial councils, elected by white electorate, retain
limited powers
Legal system: based-on Roman-Dutch law and English common law; constitution,
enacted 1961, changing the Union of South Africa into a Republic; possibility
of judicial review of Acts of Parliament concerning dual official iuiiguages;
accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations
Branches: President as formal chief of state; Prime Minister as head of
government; Cabinet responsible to bicameral legislature, lower house
elected directly by white electorate; upper house indirectly elected and
appointed; judiciary maintains substantial independence of government
influence
Government leader: Prime Minister Balthazar J. Vorster
Suffrage: general suffrage limited to whites over 18 (17 in Natal Province)
Elections: must be held at least every 5 years; last elections April 1970
Political parties and leaders: National Party, B. J. Vorster, P. W. Botha,
B. J. Shoeman, M. C. Botha, Jan De Klerk; United Party, Sir De Villiers
Graaff; Progressive Party, Colin Eglin, Helen Suzman; Herstigte Nasionale
Party, Albert Hertzog, Jaap Marais
Voting strength (1970 general elections): of 166 legislative seats, National
Party 118, United Party 47, Progressive Party 1
Communists: small Communist Party illegal since 1950; party in exile maintains
headquarters in London; Dr. Yasuf Dadoo, Michael Harmel, Joe Slovo
Other political groups: (insurgent groups in exile) African National Congress (ANC)
Oliver Tambo; Pan-Africanist Congress (PAC), leadership in dispute
Member of: IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IHB, IMF, ITU, Seabeds Committee (observer), U.N.,
UPU, WHO, WMO
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 ECONOMY: Approved For Release 2004/08/31 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000400010002-1
GNP: $16.7 billion (1970), $830 per capita; real growth rate 5.1% (1970)
Agriculture: main crops -- corn, wool, dairy products, wheat, sugarcane,
tobacco, citrus fruits; self-sufficient in foodstuffs
Fishing: catch 1,079,000 tons (1968); exports $45 million (1970), imports $10
million (1970)
Major industries: mining, automobile assembly, metal working, machinery,
textiles, iron and steel, chemical, fertilizer, fishing
Electric power: 11,635,000 kw. capacity (1970); 48.8 billion kw.-hr. produced
(1970), 2,279 kw.-hr. per capita
Exports: $2.2 billion (f.o.b., 1970 excluding gold); wool, diamonds, corn,
uranium, sugar, fruit, hides, skins, metals, metallic ores, asbestos,
fish products; gold output $1.1 billion (1970)
Imports: $3.6 billion (f.o.b., 1970); motor vehicles, machinery, metals,
petroleum products, textiles, chemicals
Major trade partners: U.K. and other Commonwealth nations, U.S., Germany, Japan
Aid: no substantial military or economic aid
Monetary conversion rate: 1 SA Rand=US$1.40 (official); 0.714 SA Rand=US$1
Fiscal year: 1 April - 31 March
COMMUNICATIONS:
Railroads: 12,277 mi.; 11,837 mi. 3'6" gage of which 1,323 mi. are multiple
track; 2,634 mi. electrified; 440 mi. 2'0" gage single track
Highways: 220,000 mi.; 27,300 mi. paved, 47,050 mi. crushed stone or gravel,
145,650 mi. improved and unimproved earth
Pipelines: crude oil, 520 mi.; refined products, 450 mi.; natural gas, 200 mi.
Ports: 5 major, 6 minor
Merchant marine: 58 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 405,300 GRT, 496,200
DWT; includes 2 passenger, 51 cargo, 3 bulk, 2 specialized carrier
Civil air: 53 major transport aircraft
Airfields: 735 total, 588 usable; 40 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runway
over 12,000 ft., 6 with runways 8,000-11,999 ft., 131 with runways 4,000-7,999
ft.; 4 seaplane stations
Telecommunications: the system, except for the lack of television, is the best
developed, most modern, and highest capacity in Africa and consists of
carrier-equipped open-wire lines, coaxial cables, radio-relay links, and
radiocommunication stations; key centers are Bloemfontein, Cape Town,
Durban, Johannesburg, Port Elizabeth, and Pretoria; 1.5 million telephones;
2 million radio receivers; 13 AM, 60 FM, and no TV stations; 4 submarine
cables
DEFENSE FORCES:
Military budget: for year ending 31 March 1971, $360,000,000; about 9.9%
of total budget
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 Approved For Release iDOTH- 1:A9"DP79-01051A000400010002-1
LAND:
318,000 sq. mi.; mostly desert except for interior
plateau and area along northern border (1970)
Land boundaries: 2,360 mi.
WATER:
Limits of territorial waters: 6 n. mi. (fishing, 12 n.
mi.)
Coastline: 925 mi.
,
(mulattoes); almost half the Africans belong to Ovambo
tribe; Herero, Okavango, Nama, and Damara tribes have
about 30,000 members each
Religion: whites predominantly Christian, nonwhites either animist or Christian
Language: Afrikaans principal language of about 70% of white population, German
of 22%, and English of 8%; several African languages
Literacy: high for white population; low for nonwhite
Labor force: 75,000 African wage earners (1964 est.); 68% agriculture, 15%
railroads, 13% mining, 4% fishing
Organized labor: no trade unions, although some white wage earners belong to
South African unions
PEOPLE:
Population: 773,000, average annual growth rate 1.9%
(FY60-65); males 15-49, about 155,000; about 90,000
fit for military service
81% Africans, 5% Coloured
Eth ' divisions: 14% white
GOVERNMENT:
Legal name: Territory of South-West Africa
Type: administered as part of Republic of South Africa, under a League of
Nations mandate; U.N. formally ended South Africa's mandate, and status now
in dispute
Capital: Windhoek
Political subdivisions: police zone (police-protected area, consisting of 17
magisterial districts, in which all-white settlement and several Bantu
reserves are found), northern territories (exclusively Bantu magisterial
districts under control of officials of South African Department of Bantu
Administration and Development)
Legal system: based on Roman-Dutch law and customary law
Branches: administrator, appointee of South African Government, principal
local executive; structure similar to that of a province of the Republic;
South-West Africa elects 4 Senators and 6 lower house members to the
Republic's legislature; judicial system patterned on that of Republic
Government leader: B.J. van der Walt, Administrator
Suffrage: limited to white adults
Elections: last general election, 1970
Political parties and leaders: white parties -- National Party (NP), led in
South-West Africa by A. H. du Plessis; United National South-West Party
(UNSWP), J. P. Niehaus; nonwhite parties -- South-West Africa People's
Organization (SWAPO), almost exclusively based on Ovambo tribe led by Sam
Nujoma, in exile; South-West Africa National Union (SWANU), primarily based
on Herero tribe, leaders in exile; National Unity Democratic Organization
(NUDO), primarily based on Herero tribe led by Clements Kapuuo
Voting strength: NP (1970 election) won all 10 seats in Republic legislature
and all 18 seats in South-West Africa Legislative Assembly
Communists: no Communist Party, but some influence by South African Communists
and other Communists on South-West African Bantu outside territory
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ECONOMY:
Agriculture: livestock raising (cattle and
crops (millet, sorghum, corn, and some
must be imported
Fishing: catch 979,000 tons (1968),
mostly in South African enclave
Major industries: meatpacking, fish
mining, dairy products
Electric power: 95,200 kw. capacity
463 kw.-hr. per capita
sheep) predominates, subsistence
wheat) are raised but most food
$56 million (1970 -- after processing,
of Walvis Bay)
processing, copper, lead, and diamond
(1969);
Aid: South Africa is only major donor
Monetary conversion rate: 1 South African
Rand=US$l
Fiscal year: 1 April - 31 March
295 million kw.-hr. produced (1970),
Rand=US$1.40 (official); 0.714 SA
COMMUNICATIONS:
Railroads: 1,454 mi., all 3'6" gage, single track
Highways: 21,000 mi.; 2,344 mi. bituminous treated, 220 mi. gravel and 18,436 mi.
earth road and tracks
Ports: 1 major, 1 minor
Civil air: 3 major transport aircraft (registered in South Africa)
Airfields: 118 total, 93 usable; 10 with permanent-surface runways; 4 with
runways 8,000-11,999 ft., 39 with runways 4,000-7,999 ft.; 1 seaplane station
Telecommunications: system is a meager combination of open-wire lines, a single
short radio-relay link, and scattered radiocommunication stations; Windhoek
is the center; 32,100 telephones; unknown number of radio receivers; no
AM, 1 FM, and no TV stations
DEFENSE:
Defense is responsibility of Republic of South Africa
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 Approved For Release 2004/08j~
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LAND:
195,000 sq. mi., including Canary (2,900 sq. mi.) and
Balearic Islands (1,940 sq. mi.); 41% arable and
land under permanent crops, 27% meadow and pasture,
22% forest, 10% urban or other (1969)
Land boundaries: 1,180 mi.
WATER:
Limits of territorial waters: 6 n. mi. (fishing, 12 n.
mi.)
Coastline: 3,085 mi. (includes Balearic Islands, 420 mi.,
and Canary Islands, 720 mi.)
PEOPLE:
Population: 33,833,000, average annual growth rate 1.1% (January 70-71); males
15-49, 8,263,000; 6,345,000 fit for military service; 289,000 reach military
age (20) annually
Ethnic divisions: homogeneous composite of Mediterranean and Nordic types
Religion: 99% Roman Catholic, 1% other sects
Language: Castilian Spanish spoken by great majority; but 17% speak Catalan,
7% Galician, and 2% Basque
Literacy: about 90%
Labor force (1969): 12.6 million; 30.2% agriculture, 36.9% industry, 32.9%
services; registered unemployment is 1% of labor force
Organized labor: 90% of labor force in compulsory government-controlled
syndicates
GOVERNMENT:
Legal name: (The) Spanish State
Type: nominally a monarchy, but without a king; actually a dictatorship under
Generalissimo Franco with Prince Juan Carlos designated to succeed him as
chief of state and become king
Capital: Madrid
Political subdivisions: metropolitan Spain, including the Canaries and Balearics,
divided into 50 provinces with governors appointed by the central government,
also 1 province and 5 places of sovereignty (presidios) in Africa; Ifni
province ceded by Spain to Morocco in June 1969; 2 former provinces com-
prising Equatorial Guinea were granted independence in October 1968
Legal system: civil law system, with regional applications of customary law;
7 basic laws including Organic Law of the State of January 1967 serve as
a constitution; legal education at 14 schools of law; does not accept
compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Branches: executive, with chief of government dominating all branches of
government through his appointive powers and authority to legislate by
decree; legislative with unicameral Cortes controlled by executive; judicial,
completely subservient and limited to interpretation of laws
Government leader: Generalissimo Francisco Franco -- who is also Chief of State,
Commander in Chief of the armed forces, and head of the National Movement
(formerly called the Falange)
Suffrage: universal in national referendums, over age 21
Elections: only two types of direct election other than referendum provided:
representatives to municipal councils for which only heads of households
vote (last election November 1970) and, under new constitutional law of 1967,
104 members of the Cortes elected by heads of households and married women
for a 4-year term (last election September 1971)
311
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 GOVERNMENT (cont'2Approved For Release 2004/08/31 : CIA-RDP79-01051AO00400010002-1
Political parties and leaders: National Movement (formerly called Falange) only
legally recognized party, headed by Franco; Torcuato Fernandez Miranda,
minister-secretary general of the movement; various semiclandestine opposition
groups include -- Christian Democratic factions under Jose Maria Gil Robles
and Joaquin Ruiz Gimenez; the Socialists, whose secretary general, Rodolfo
Llopis, is in exile; "Internal Socialists" under Enrique Tierno Galvan; the
Anarchists; Republicans; Monarchists; smaller regional and national splinter
groups; the Communist Party, whose secretary general, Santiago Carrillo
Solares, is in exile; and a pro-Chinese Communist faction Marxist-Leninist
Communist Party of Spain
Voting strength: 556 seats, but only 534 members as some hold more than one
seat -- 19% representing the family elected directly; 45% representing
municipalities, syndicates, and professions elected indirectly under close
regime control; and 36% are appointed by regime or are ex officio
Communists: (inside and outside Spain, est.) 5,000; sympathizers up to 20,000
Other political or pressure groups: the state-controlled organization of
syndicates, comprising representatives of management and labor, an illegal
labor group called the Workers' Commissions, the Catholic Church, business
and land owning interests, Opus Dei, Catholic Action, university students
Member of: FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ILO, IHB, IMF, ITU, OECD, Seabeds Committee
(observer), U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO
ECONOMY:
GNP: $30.5 billion; $920 per capita (1970); 68.5% consumption, 24.3% investment,
10.4% government; -3.2% net export of goods and services (1969); 1970 (est.)
real growth rate 6.4%, in 1964 constant prices
Agriculture: main crops -- cereals, oranges, grapes for wine, potatoes, olives,
sugar beets; virtually self-sufficient in good crop years; caloric intake,
2,680 (1968-69) calories per day per capita
Fishing: catch 1.2 million tons, $326.8 million (1969); exports $67.2 million
(1969 fish and fish products); imports $41.1 million (1969 fish and fish
products)
Major industries: food processing, textiles and apparel (including footwear),
metal manufacturing, chemicals, shipbuilding
Shortages: crude petroleum
Crude steel: 7.4 million metric tons produced, 220 kilograms per capita (1970
Electric power: 17,906,000 kw. capacity (1970); 56,397 million kw.-hr. produced
(1970), 1,400 kw.-hr. per capita
Exports: $2,387 million (f.o.b., 1970); principal items -- oranges and other
fruits, iron and steel products, textiles, wines, mercury, ships, canned
fruits, vegetables
Imports: $4,747 million (f.o.b., 1970); principal items -- machinery and
transportation equipment, petroleum and petroleum products, grains, cotton,
iron and steel
Major trade partners: (1970) 32.7% U.S., 23.3% West Germany, 18.7% France,
14.5% U.K., 10.7% Italy, 6.8% Netherlands; 64.2% EC; 29.2% EFTA; 20.4% Latin
America; 4.5% Eastern European countries
Aid:
economic -- U.S., $1,647.2 million authorized (FY49-70), $50.5 million
authorized (FY69), $64 million authorized (FY70); IBRD, $224 million
authorized (FY64-70), $37 million authorized (FY70);
military -- U.S., $771.4 million authorized (FY53-70), $130.9 million
authorized in FY70
Monetary conversion rate: 70 pesetas=US$1 (official)
Fiscal year: calendar year
COMMUNICATIONS:
Railroads: 10,763 mi.; 8,493 mi.; (5'6" gage), 2,270 mi. other gages
(4'8 1/2" to 1'11 5/8"), 1,309 mi., double track; 2,348 mi. electrified
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COMMUNICATIONS (cont'd):
Highways: 83,080 mi.; national -- 24,800 mi., bituminous, 22,940 mi. crushed
stone; provincial -- 32,860 mi., 80% crushed stone, 20% paved; 2,480 mi. other
Inland waterways: about 650 mi.; of minor importance as transport arteries and
contribute little to economy
Pipelines: crude oil, 229 mi.; refined products, 515 mi.; natural gas, 3 mi.
Ports: 23 major, 20 minor
Merchant marine: 432 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 3,149,100 GRT, 4,817,300
DWT; includes 38 passenger, 237 cargo, 85 tanker, 35 bulk, 37 specialized
carrier
Civil air: 162 major transport aircraft
Airfields (including Balearic and Canary Islands): 118 total, 78 usable; 42
with permanent-surface runways; 4 with runways over 12,000 ft., 17 with
runways 8,000-11,999 ft., 36 with runways 4,000-7,999 ft.; 5 seaplane
stations
Telecommunications: modern, well engineered, well maintained; 4.5 million
telephones; 5.5 million radio and 4.5 million television receivers; 190
AM, 40 FM, and 27 TV stations with numerous FM/TV repeaters; 15 submarine
cables; 3 communication satellite ground stations
DEFENSE FORCES:
Military budget: for biennium ending 31 December 1971, $1,226 million; about
28% of total budget
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 NIS 50Approved For Release 2004/0?jjI:Spl4A , 79-O1O51AOOO4OOO1OOO2-1
LAND:
103,000 sq. mi., nearly all desert
Land boundaries: 1,296 mi.
WATER:
Limits of territorial waters: 6 n. mi. (fishing, 12 n. mi.)
Coastline: 690 mi.
PEOPLE:
Population: 63,000 (official est. 1 July 1969); males
15-49, 15,000; 7,000-8,000 fit for military service
Ethnic divisions: 51.2% Arab, Berber, and Negro nomads;
48.8% Spanish
Religion: 51% Muslim, 49% Catholic
Language: Spanish (official), local Arabic or Hassania
Literacy: among Spanish, probably nearly 100%; among nomads, perhaps 5%
Labor force: 12,000; 50% agriculture, 50% other
Organized labor: none
GOVERNMENT:
Legal name: Province of Sahara
Type: province of Spain, subordinate to Ministry of the Presidency
Capital: El Aaiun
Political, subdivisions: two regions -- Rio de Oro and Saguia el Hamra
Legal system: based on Spanish civil law system and customary law
Branches: Provincial Council; 80 members, of whom half are elected natives
Government leader: Governor General responsible to Directorate General of the
Promotion of the Sahara (a division of the Ministry of the Presidency),
Br. Gen. Fernando de Santiago y Diaz de Mendivil
Suffrage: heads of families only
Elections: 40 members of Provincial Council, August 1967; half of municipal
councillors May 1969
Political party: National Movement
Communists: party proscribed; Communist sympathizers, few (if any)
Other political or pressure groups: none
ECONOMY:
Agriculture: practically none; some barley is grown in nondrought years; fruit
and vegetables in the few oases; food imports are essential; camels, sheep,
and goats are kept by the nomadic natives; cash economy exists largely for
the garrison forces ,
Major industries: confined to fishing and handicrafts; exploitation of huge
phosphate deposit is planned
Shortages: water
Electric power: 300 kw. capacity (1970); 0.2 million kw.-hr. produced (1970),
3 kw.-hr. per capita
Exports: $445,600 (1968); dried fish, goatskins
Imports: $1,443,000 (1968); fuel for fishing fleet, foodstuffs
Major trade partners: monetary trade largely with Spain and Spanish possessions
Aid: small amounts from Spain
Monetary conversion rate: 70 pesetas=US$l (official)
COMMUNICATIONS:
Railroads: none
Highways: 3,790 mi.; 305 bituminous treated, 3,485 mi. unimproved earth roads
and tracks
Ports: 2 major, 2 minor
315
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Civil air: no major transport aircraft
Airfields: 23 total, 15 usable; 3 with permanent-surface runways; 5 with
runways 4,000-7,999 ft.
Telecommunications: telephone poor, telegraph poor to fair; 540 telephones;
1,500 radio receivers; 1 AM, no FM or TV stations
316
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LAND:
967,000 sq. mi.; 37% arable (3% cultivated), 15% grazing,
33% desert, waste, or urban, 15% forest (1970)
Land boundaries: 4,850 mi.
WATER:
Limits of territorial waters: 12 n. mi.
Coastline: 530 mi.
PEOPLE:
Population: 16,289,000, average annual growth rate 2.5%
(FY70); males 15-49, 3,708,000; 2,200,000 fit for
military service; average number reaching military
160 000
age (18) annually,
Ethnic divisions: 39% Arab, 6% Beja, 52% Negro, 2% foreigners, 1% other
Religion: 73% Sunni Muslims in north, 23% pagan, 4% Christian (mostly in south)
Language: Arabic, Nubian, Ta Bedawie, diverse dialects of Nilotic, Nilo-Hamitic,
and Sudanic languages, English; program of Arabization in process
Literacy: 5% to 10%
Labor force: 5.8 million; 85% agriculture, 15% industry, commerce, services,
etc.; labor shortages exist for almost all categories of employment
GOVERNMENT:
Legal name: Democratic Republic of the Sudan
Type: republic under military control since coup in May 1969
Capital: Khartoum
Political subdivisions: 9 provinces, provincial and local administrations
controlled by central government
Legal system: based on English common law and Islamic law; some separate
religious courts; constitution adopted 1956, suspended 1958, restored on an
interim basis in 1964; suspended with military coup in May 1969; temporary
constitution established by Republican order in August 1971; Revolutionary
Command Council established in 1969 disolved in October 1971 with the
installation of Ja'far al-Numayrias president and chief executive; Numayri
has reorganized government through a series of Republican decrees; legal
education at University of Khartoum and Khartoum extension of Cairo University
at Khartoum; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations
Government leader: RCC President and Prime Minister Ja'far al-Numayri
Suffrage: universal adult but franchise has not been exercised under present regime
Elections: parliamentary elections, first after 6 years of military rule held
in April and May 1965 in 6 northern provinces; latest elections in April
1968; presidential plebescite held in September 1971
Political parties and leaders: all parties outlawed since May 1969; the ban was
not enforced on the Sudan Communist Party until after abortive coup in July
1971
Voting strength: not tabulated by party
Communists: party decimated following July 1971 coup and counter-coup, several
top leaders including Secretary-General Mahjub executed; actual hard-core
membership down to lowest point in years; party control over labor unions,
professional groups and university student groups ended; Communists purged
from government
Member of: Arab League, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, ILO, IMF, ITU, OAU, Seabeds
Committee, U.N., UPU, WMO
317
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GDP: $1.4 billion (1968 provisional), under $100 per capita; 7% growth at
current prices 1967-68
Agriculture: main crops -- sorghum, millet, wheat, sesame, peanuts, beans,
barley; not self-sufficient in food production; main cash crops -- cotton,
gum arabic
Major industries: cotton ginning, textiles, brewery, cement, edible oils, soap,
distilling, shoes, pharmaceuticals
Electric power: 132,000 kw. capacity (1970); 303 million kw.-hr. produced (1969),
19 kw.-hr. per capita
Exports: $287 million (f.o.b., FY70); cotton (64%), gum arabic, peanuts,
sesame; $64.7 million exports to bloc (FY70)
Imports: $268 million (c.i.f., FY70); textiles, petroleum products, vehicles,
tea, wheat; $22.2 million imports from bloc (1968)
Major trade partners: U.K., West Germany, Italy, India, U.S.S.R.
Monetary conversion rate: ] Sudanese pound=US$2.87 (official); 0.348 Sudanese
pound=US$l
Fiscal year: 1 July - 30 June
COMMUNICATIONS:
Railroads: 2,950 mi.; 2,730 mi. 3'6" gage, 440 mi. 2' gage plantation line
Highways: 6,550 mi.; 680 mi. crushed stone or gravel, 190 mi. bituminous-treated,
and 5,680 mi. improved and unimproved earth roads; in addition, there are an
undetermined number of tracks
Inland waterways: 3,300 mi. navigable
Ports: 1 major, 7 minor
Merchant marine: 5 cargo ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 16,400 GRT, 19,800
DWT
Civil air: 9 major transport aircraft
Airfields: 86 total, 66 usable; 4 with permanent-surface runways; 2 with runways
8,000-11,999 ft., 29 with runways 4,000-7,999 ft.
Telecommunications: large system by African standards, but still barely adequate
for size of country; consists of open-wire lines, radio-relay links, multi-
conductor cables, radio communication stations and a tropospheric scatter
link; principal center of Khartoum, secondary centers at Al Fashir and
Port Sudan; 45,600 telephones; 650,000 radio and 35,000 TV receivers; 2 AM,
no FM, and 1 TV stations; 5 submarine cables
DEFENSE FORCES:
Military budget: for fiscal year ending 30 June 1971, $106.0 million; 24.0% of
total budget
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LAND:
55,100 sq. mi.; negligible amount of arable land, meadows
and pastures, 76% forest, 8% unused but potentially
productive, 16% built-on area, wasteland, and other
(1964)
Land boundaries: 970 mi.
WATER:
Limits of territorial waters: 3 n. mi.
Coastline: 240 mi.
PEOPLE:
Population: 425,000, average annual growth rate 3.6% (FY70);
males 15-49, 101,000; 56,000 fit for military service
Ethnic divisions: 35.5% Creole (Negro and mixed), 34.7% Hindustani (East Indian),
14.9% Javanese, 8.5% Bush Negro, 2.2% Amerindian, 1.6% Chinese, 1.3% Europeans,
1.3% other and unknown
Reli ion: Muslim, Hindu, Moravian, Roman Catholic, other -- in order of size
g(% figures unknown)
Language: Dutch official; English widely spoken; Taki-Taki (Surinam Creole)
is native language of Creoles and lingua franca; Hindi; Javanese
Literacy: 70% to 75%
Labor force: 80,190 (1964); 24.9% agriculture, 6.9% mining, 10% industry, 2.8%
building trades, 13.5% trade and transport, 6.7% services, 22.2% government
employees, 3.1% unclassified, 9.9% unemployed and seeking work
Organized labor: approx. 10% of labor force
GOVERNMENT:
Legal name: Surinam
Type: territory within Kingdom of the Netherlands, enjoying complete domestic
autonomy
Capital: Paramaribo
Political subdivisions: 9 districts, each headed by district commissioner
responsible to Minister of Internal Affairs
Legal system: Dutch civil law system; country statute of 1955 serves as
constitution
Branches: Council of Ministers headed by a Minister-President, which constitutes
the Cabinet; 39-member legislative council (Staten) popularly elected for
4-year term; court system administered by Attorney-General under Minister
of Justice and Police
Government leader: Minister-President, Jules Sedney
Suffrage: universal over age 23
Elections: every 4 years or earlier upon request of Minister-President
Political parties and leaders: National Party of Surinam (NPS), (temporary
leader M. Ch. Calor); Party of the People's Welfare (VHP), J. Lachmon; Action
Group (AG), R. Janki; Progressive National Party (PNP), Frank E. Essed;
Surinam Democratic Party (SDP), B. F. J. Oostburg; United Indonesian People's
Party (SRI), F. Karsowidijojo; Javanese Farmers' Party (KTPI), H. I. Soemita;
Nationalist Republic Party (PNR), Edward Bruma (principal leftist party)
Voting strength (1969): 27.7% NPS, 35.1% VHP, .2% AG, 23.3% PNP, 1.1% SDP, 3.4%
SRI, 8.8% other
Communists: no overt Communist Party
Member of: EC (associate), WHO
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GNP: $214 million (1969 est.); $550 per capita; real growth rate 1969, 0%
Agriculture: main crops -- rice, sugarcane, bananas; self-sufficient in major
staple (rice); caloric intake 2,500 calories per day per capita (1962)
Major industries: bauxite mining, alumina and aluminum production, lumbering,
food processing
Electric power: 220,000 kw. capacity (1970); 1.2 billion kw.-hr. production
(1970), 3,190 kw.-hr. per capita
Exports: $150 million (f.o.b., 1970); bauxite, alumina, wood and wood products,
rice
Imports: $123 million (c.i.f., 1970); capital equipment, petroleum, iron and
steel, cotton, flour, meat, dairy products
Major trade partners: exports -- U.S. 74%, Canada 9%, Netherlands 7%; imports
-- U.S. 47%, Netherlands 20%, Europe 16% (1966)
Aid: economic -- extensions from U.S. (FY54-70), $5.0 million loans, $4.7 million
grants; from international organizations (FY49-70), $33.2 million
Monetary conversion rate: 1.75 Surinam guilders (S. fl.)=US$l (1 October 1971)
Fiscal year: calendar year
COMMUNICATIONS:
Railroads: 104 mi.; 54 mi. 3'3 3/8" gage (government owned) and 50 mi.
narrow gage (industrial line); all single track
Highways: 1,550 mi.; 300 mi. paved, 130 mi. gravel, 370 mi. improved earth,
750 mi. unimproved earth
Inland waterways: 2,850 mi.; most important means of transport; oceangoing
vessels with drafts ranging from 14 to 23 ft. can navigate many of the
principal waterways while native canoes navigate upper reaches
Ports: 1 major, 6 minor
Civil air: 2 major transport aircraft
Airfields: 31 total, 30 usable; 2 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runway
8,000-11,999 ft., 4 with runways 4,000-7,999 ft.; 1 seaplane station
Telecommunications: international facilities good and domestic network under
improvement; 10,000 telephones; 60,000 radio and 25,000 TV receivers, 5 AM,
1 FM, and 3 TV stations
DEFENSE FORCES:
Defense is responsibility of the Netherlands; the Netherlands maintains an army
force in Surinam; also available are naval, marine corps, and naval air
personnel located in the Netherlands Antilles
Ships: none
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LAND:
6,700 sq. mi.; most of area suitable for crops or
pastureland (1970)
Land boundaries: 270 mi.
55-60
Literacy: about 25%
Labor force: 120,000; about 60,000 engaginlsub3i~tencecagriculture;g556,00000,
wage earners, many only intermittently, )
11% manufacturing, 12% mining and forestry, 35% other (1968 est.); 7,900
employed in South African mines (1969)
Organized labor: about 15% of wage earners are unionized
PEOPLE:
Population: 427,000 (African population only), average
annual growth rate 3.0% (FY70); males 15-49, 98,000;
50,000 fit for military service
Ethnic divisions: 96% African, 3% European, 1% mulatto
Religion: 43% animist, 57% Christian
Language: English and siSwati are official languages;
government business conducted in English
GOVERNMENT:
Legal name: Kingdom of Swaziland
Type: constitutional monarchy, under King Sobhuza II; independent member of
Commonwealth since September 1968
Capital: Mbabane (administrative), Lobamba (royal and legislative)
Political subdivisions: 4 administrative districts
Legal system: based on South African Roman-Dutch law in statutory courts,
Swazi traditional law and custom in traditional courts; constitution
adopted in 1968; legal education at University of Botswana, Lesotho, and
Swaziland (located in Lesotho); has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Branches: executive authority vested in King but exercised through Prime Min-
ister and cabinet; cabinet appointed by King from legislative maaorittterney
House of Assembly (24 elected, 6 appointed by King plus Speaker
General) and Senate (6 elected by House of Assembly, 6 appointed by King,
Speaker) -- 17 Swazi courts administer customary law for Africans, High
Court and Subordinate Courts have criminal jurisdiction over all residents,
Court of Appeal has appellate jurisdiction
Government leader: Head of State King Sobhuza II; Prime Minister Makhosini
Dalmini
Suffrage: universal for adults
Elections: first elections for Legislative Council held in June 1964; latest
in April 1967
Political parties and leaders: Imbokodvo, the traditionalist party, controlled
by King Sobhuza II; Ngwane National Liberatory Congress (NNLC), led by
Dr. Ambrose Zwane, is only active opposition
Voting strength: Imbokodvo won 80% of vote in 1967 elections and all seats in
parliament; NNLC won 20% of vote but no seats
Communists: no Swaziland Communist Party
Member of: OAU, U.N.
ECONOMY:
GDP: approx. $75 million (1968), about $190 per capita; real growth rate about
8% (1967)
Agriculture: main crops -- sugar, rice, and citrus fruits
Major industry: mining
Electric power: 63,300 kw. capacity (1970); 204 million kw.-hr. produced (1970),
500 kw.-hr. per capita
321
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 ECONOMY (cont'd): Approved For Release 2004/08/31 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000400010002-1
Exports: $68 million (f.o.b., 1970); iron ore, asbestos, sugar, wood and forest
products, citrus, meat products, cotton
Imports: $59 million (f.o.b.,'1970); food products, manufactured goods, machinery,
fertilizer, fuel
Major trade partners: Japan, U.K., South Africa
Aid: economic aid -- U.K. $8.4 million (budgeted, 1971-72), others approximately
$2.9 million; no military aid
Monetary conversion rate: 1 South African Rand=US$1.40 (Swaziland uses the South
African Rand) (official); 0.714 SA Rand=US$l
Fiscal year: 1 April - 31 March
COMMUNICATIONS:
Railroads: 139 mi., 3'6" gage, single track
Highways: 1,660 mi.; 135 mi. paved; 840 mi. crushed stone, gravel, or stabilized
soil; 685 mi. improved or unimproved earth
Civil air: 5 major transport aircraft
Airfields: 29 total, 26 usable; 1 with permanent-surface runway; 2 with runways
4,000-7,999 ft.
Telecommunications: the system consists of a few open-wire lines and low-powered
radiocommunication stations; Mbabane is the center; 4,800 telephones; 30,000
radio receivers; 1 AM, no FM or TV stations
DEFENSE FORCES:
None, police only
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 Approved For Release 2004/0>3SI 1 FlA-RDP79-01051 A000400010002-1
LAND:
173,000 sq. mi.; 8% arable, 1% meadows and pastures, 55%
forested, 36% other (1968)
Land boundaries: 1,365 mi.
WATER:
Limits of territorial waters: 4 n. mi. (fishing, 12 n. mi..)
Coastline: 2,000 mi.
PEOPLE:
Population: 8,159,000, average annual growth rate 1.0%
(January 70-71); males 15-49, 1,905,000; 1,637,000 fit
for military service; 59,000'reach military age (19)
annuall
y
Ethnic divisions: homogeneous white population; small Lappish minority
Religion: 92% Evangelical Lutheran, 7% other Protestant, Roman Catholic, Eastern
Orthodox, 1% other
Language: Swedish, small Lapp- and Finnish-speaking minorities
Literacy: 99%
Labor force: 3.5 million; 11.8% agriculture, forestry, fishing; 33.5% mining
and manufacturing; 9.6% construction; 15.5% commerce; 7.2% transportation
and communications; 20.9% services; 4.0% unemployed
Organized labor: 70% of labor force
GOVERNMENT:
Legal name: Kingdom of Sweden
Type: constitutional monarchy
Capital: Stockholm
Political subdivisions: 24 provinces, 624 communes, 224 towns
Legal system: civil law system influenced by customary law; Acts of 1809,
1886, 1910, and 1949 serve as constitution; judicial review of legislative
acts in Supreme Court; legal education at Universities of Lund, Stockholm,
and Uppsala; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations
Branches: legislative authority rests jointly with Crown and parliament (Riksdag);
executive power vested in Crown but exercised by cabinet responsible to
parliament; Supreme Court, 6 superior courts, 152 lower courts
Government leaders: King Gustav VI Adolf; Prime Minister Olof Palme
Suffrage: universal, but not compulsory, over age 20
Elections: every 3 years.(next in 1973)
Political parties and leaders: Conservative, Gosta Bohman; Center, Gunnar
Hedlund; Liberal, Gunnar Helen; Social Democratic, Olof Palme; Communist,
Carl-Henrik Hermansson; Communist League of Marxists-Leninists (KFML), Gunnar
Bylin
Voting strength (1970 election): 11.5% Conservative, 19.9% Center, 16.2% Liberal,
45.3% Social Democratic, 4.8% Communist, 0.4% KFML, 1.8% other
Communists: 17,000; a number of sympathizers as indicated by the 236,700
Communist votes cast in 1970 elections; an additional 21,200 votes cast for
Maoist KFML
Member of: Council of Europe, EFTA, FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, IHB,
ILO, IMCO, IMF, ITU, Nordic Council, OECD, Seabeds Committee (observer), U.N.,
UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO
ECONOMY:
GNP: $31.2 billion, $3,850 per capita (1970); 52.3% consumption, 23.9% investment,
23.1% government; -0.7% net exports of goods and services (1970); 1970 growth
rate 9.4% in current prices
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 ECONOMY (cont'd): Approved For Release 2004/08/31 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000400010002-1
Agriculture: animal husbandry predominates with milk and dairy products
accounting for 40% of farm income; main crops -- grains, sugar beets,
potatoes; 90% self-sufficient; food shortages -- oils and fats, tropical
products; caloric intake, 2,880 calories per day per capita (1967-68)
Major industries: iron and steel, precision equipment (bearings, radio and
telephone parts, armaments), shipbuilding, wood pulp and paper products,
processed foods, textiles, chemicals
Shortages: coal, petroleum, textile fibers, potash, salt
Crude steel: 5.5 million metric tons produced (1970), 680 kilograms per capita
Electric power: 15 million kw. capacity (1970); 60,612 million kw.-hr. produced
(1970), 7,000 kw.-hr. per capita
Exports: $6,743 million (f.o.b., 1970); machinery, motor vehicles
and ships, wood pulp, paper products, iron and steel products, metal ores
and scrap, chemicals
Imports: $6,937 million (c.i.f., 1970); machinery, motor vehicles, petroleum and
petroleum products, textile yarn and fabrics, iron and steel, chemicals, food,
and live animals
Major trade partners: (1970) West Germany 15.4%, U.K. 13.4%, U.S. 7.4%, Norway
7.9%, Denmark 8.8%; EFTA 40%; EC 31.0%; Communist countries 5.4%
Aid: economic -- U.S., $188.1 million authorized (FY46-70); none since 1968;
net official aid to less developed countries and multilateral agencies, $662.4
million (1960-70), $71.4 million in 1968, $120.8 million in 1969, $154.6
million in 1970
Monetary conversion rate: 5.173 kronor=US$l (official)
Fiscal year: 1 July - 30 June
COMMUNICATIONS:
Railroads: 7,767 mi.; Swedish State Railways (SJ) 7,096 mi. standard
gage (4'8 1/2"), 4,324 mi. electrified; 48 mi. narrow gage (3'6"), 241 mi.
narrow gage (211"), 29 mi. of narrow gage (2'11"), 2 mi. narrow gage (2'),
and 351 mi. standard gage (4' 8 1/2") are privately owned and operated
Highways: 60,925 mi.; 44,530 mi. are crushed stone, gravel, or improved
earth; and 16,395 mi. are bitumen, stone block, or cobblestone
Inland waterways: 1,268 mi. navigable for small steamers and barges
Ports: 17 major, and 23 minor
Merchant marine: 373 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 4,576,100 GRT, 7,073,500
DWT; includes 10 passenger, 178 cargo, 49 tanker, 53 bulk, 83 specialized
carrier
Civil air: 68 major transports registered
Airfields: 187 total, 159 usable; 85 with permanent-surface runways; 5 with
runways 8,000-11,999 ft., 58 with runways 4,000-7,999 ft.; 9 seaplane
stations
Telecommunications: telephone the primary service, but extensive telegraph and
broadcast services are available; excellent domestic and international
facilities; 4,307,000 telephones; 42 AM, 70 FM, and 168 TV stations available
to over 90% of population; 4.8 million radio and 2.8 million TV receivers;
12 submarine cables
DEFENSE FORCES:
Military budget: for fiscal year ending 30 June 1972, $1.2 billion; about
11% of proposed central government budget
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 NIS 15 Approved For Release 2004/0 / .zER'- DP79-01051A000400010002-1
LAND:
16,000 sq. mi.; 10% arable, 42% meadows and pastures, 21%
waste or urban, 24% forested, 3% inland water (1970)
Land boundaries: 1,171 mi.
PEOPLE:
Population: 6,386,000, average annual growth rate 1.0%
(January 67-71); males 15-49, 1,524,000; 1,320,000
fit for military service; 45,000 reach military age (20)
annually
Ethnic divisions: total population -- 69% German, 19%
French, 10% Italian, 1% Romansch, 1% other; Swiss
nationals -- 74% German, 20% French, 4% Italian,
1% Romansch, 1% other
Religion: 53% Protestant, 46% Roman Catholic
Language: Swiss nationals --.74% German, 20% French, 4% Italian, 1% Romansch,
1% other; total population -- 69% German, 19% French, 10% Italian, 1%
Romansch, 1% other
Literacy: 98%
Labor force: 2.5 million; 16% agriculture and forestry, 47% industry and crafts,
20% trade and transportation, 5% professions, 2% in public service, 10%
domestic and other; no significant unemployment shortage of both skilled and
unskilled labor -- 4,400 unfilled vacancies in January 1971
Organized labor: 20% of labor force
GOVERNMENT:
Legal name: Swiss Confederation
Type: federal republic
Capital: Bern
Political subdivisions: 22 cantons (3 divided into half cantons)
Legal system: civil law system influenced by customary law; constitution adopted
1874, amended since; judicial review of legislative acts, except with
respect to Federal decrees of general obligatory character; legal education
at Universities of Bern, Geneva and Lausanne, and four other university
schools of law; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations
Branches: bicameral parliament has legislative authority; federal council
(Bundesrat) has executive authority; justice left chiefly to cantons
Government leader: Rudolf Gnaegi, President
Suffrage: universal over age 20
Elections: held every 4 years; next elections 1975
Political parties and leaders: Social Democratic Party (SPS), Fritz Gruetter,
president; Radical Democratic Party (FDP), Henri Schmitt, president;
Christian Conservative People's Party (CVP), Franz Josef Kurmann, president;
Farmer, Artisan, and Middle Class Party (BGB), Hans Conzett, president;
Communist Party (PdA), Jacob Lechleiter, Jean Vincent, Andre Muret, all
Secretariat members; Republican Movement (REP)-National Action (N.A.), James
Schwarzenbach
Voting strength (1971 election): 49 seats FDP, 44 seats &VP, 46 seats SPS, 23
seats BGB, 5 seats pdA, 4 seats N.A., 7 seats REP, 22 seats others
Communists: 3,500; 50,831 votes in 1971 election
Member of: Council of Europe, EFTA, FAO, IAEA, ICAO, OECD, U.N. (permanent
observer), WHO, WMO
ECONOMY:
GNP: $20.1 billion (1970), $3,190 per capita; 57% consumption, 29% investment,
12% government, net foreign balance 2% (1970); 1970 growth rate 4.4%, 1958
constant prices
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 ECONOMY (cont' d) : Approved For Release 2004/08/31 : CIA-RDP79-01051AO00400010002-1
Agriculture: dairy farming predominates; less than 50% self-sufficient; food
shortages -- fish, refined sugar, fats and oils (other than butter), grains,
eggs, fruits, vegetables, meat; caloric intake, 2,990 calories per day per
capita (1967-68 est.)
Major industries: machinery, chemicals, watches, textiles, precision instruments
Shortages: practically all important raw materials except hydroelectric energy
Crude steel: 453,000 metric tons produced (1969), 70 kg. per capita
Electric power: 10.3 million kw. capacity (1971); 35,245 million kw.-hr. produced
(1970), 4,220 kw.-hr. per capita
Exports: $5.1 billion (f.o.b., 1970); principal items -- machinery and equip-
ment, chemicals, precision instruments, textiles, foodstuffs
Imports: $6.5 billion (c.i.f., 1970); principal items -- machinery and trans-
portation equipment, metals and metal products, foodstuffs, chemicals,
textile fibers and yarns
Major trade partners: West Germany 23%, France 10%, U.S. 9%, Austria 5%, Italy
9%, U.K. 8%; EC 49%; EFTA 20%; Communist countries 3% (1970)
Aid: some disbursed; none received
Monetary conversion rate: 4.0841 Swiss francs=US$l
Fiscal year: calendar year
COMMUNICATIONS:
Railroads: 3,040 mi.; 2,195 mi. 4'8 1/2" gage, 780 mi. double track; 845 mi.
narrow gage (810 mi. at 3'3 3/8", 35 mi. at 2'7 1/2"); 3,040 mi. electrified
Highways: 31,300 mi.; 12,300 mi. paved, 19,000 mi. otherwise improved
Pipelines: crude oil, 195 mi.
Inland waterways: 41 mi.; Rhine River-Basel to Rheinfelden, Schaffhausen to
Constanz; in addition, there are 12 navigable lakes ranging in size from
Lake Geneva to Hallwilersee
Freight carried: rail -- 34.8 million metric tons (1963); 4.59 billion ton/km.
(1963)
Ports: 1 major, 2 minor
Merchant marine: 27 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 204,300 GRT, 294,500
DWT; includes 24 cargo, 3 bulk; fleet is registered in Basel, operates
mainly out of Genoa, Hamburg, and Rotterdam
Civil air: 59 major transport aircraft
Airfields: 89 total, 73 usable; 34 with permanent-surface runways; 2 with
runways over 12,000 ft., 5 with runways 8,000-11,999 ft., 12 with runways
4,000-7,999 ft.
Telecommunications: excellent services; 2.8 million telephones; 1.8 million
radio and 1.3 million TV receivers; 8 AM, 70 FM, and 205 TV stations
including repeaters
DEFENSE FORCES:
Supply: produces moderate amounts of all types of materiel; some medium and
heavy equipment is imported from U.S. and Western Europe; formerly produced
jet aircraft (under license); produces surface-to-air missiles in limited
quantities
Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1970, $457,907,010; 26%
of central government budget
326
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 NIS 28A Approved For Release 2004/0' 14IACIA-RDP79-01051 A000400010002-1
LAND:
72,000 sq. mi.; (including about 500 sq. mi. occupied by
Israel); mainly semiarid and desert plains; 38% arable,
41% grazi,ng, 3% forest, 18% other
Land boundaries: 1,365 (1967) (excluding occupied area
1,340 mi.)
WATER:
Limits of territorial waters:
Coastline: 120 mi.
PEOPLE:
rowth rate 3.3%
nnual
g
Population: 6,557,000, average a
(September 60-70); males 15-49, 1,490,000; 810,000 fit for military service;
about 73,000 reach military age (19) annually
Ethnic divisions: 90.3% Arab; 9.7% Kurds, Armenians, and other
Religion: 70.5% Sunni Muslim, 16.3% other Muslim sects, 13.2% Christians of
various sects
Language: Arabic, Kurdish, Armenian; French and English widely understood
Literacy: about 40%
Labor force: 1.2 million; 53% agriculture, 17% industry, 30% miscellaneous
services; majority unskilled; shortage of skilled labor
Organized labor: 5% of labor force
GOVERNMENT:
Legal name: Syrian Arab Republic
Type: republic; under left-wing military regime since March 1963
Capital: Damascus
Political subdivisions: 13 provinces and city of Damascus administered as
separate unit
Legal system: based on Islamic law and civil law system; special religious courts;
provisional constitution promulgated in 1964; legal education at Damascus
University and University of Aleppo; has not accepted compulsory ICJ
jurisdiction
Branches: legislative and executive powers vested in President and Council
of Ministers; seat of power is the Ba'th Party Regional (Syrian) Command
Government leaders: President Hafiz Al-Asad
Suffrage: universal over age 18
Elections: no electoral laws in force; last elections in December 1961; presidential
referendum in 1971
Political parties and leaders: Arab Socialist Resurrection (Ba'th) Party only
recognized party
Other political or pressure groups: all officially banned; conservative Populist
and Nationalist Parties have lost all effective political influence;
Communist Party ineffective; small pro-Nasir organizations (United Socialist
Movement, Arab National Front, Arab Nationalist Movement) constitute greatest
threat to Ba'thist regime aside from factionalism in Ba'th Party itself
Member of: Arab League, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, ILO, IMF, ITU, U.N.,
UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO
ECONOMY:
Agriculture: main crops -- cotton, wheat, sugar beets and barley; sheep and goat
raising; self-sufficient in food in years of average weather
Major industries: textiles, cement, glass, petroleum (83,000 bpd. production,
refining capacity 59,000 bbls. per day, 1970) food processing, soap
Electric power: 350,000 kw. capacity (1970); 900 million kw.-hr. produced
(1970), 210 kw.-hr. per capita
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Exports: $203 million (1970); 40% cotton, grain and wool in good years,
livestock (Eastern Europe and U.S.S.R. received 19%)
Imports: $359.8 million (c.i.f., 1970); metal products, textiles, machinery, sugar
Monetary conversion rate: 3.82 Syrian pounds=US$l (controlled rate); 4.20 Syrian
pounds=US$l (free rate) (1970, October)
Fiscal year: calendar year
COMMUNICATIONS:
Railroads: 649 mi.; 459 mi. standard gage, 190 mi. narrow gage (3'5 3/8")
Highways: 7,150 mi.; 4,300 mi. paved, 810 mi. gravel or crushed stone, 1,540 mi.
improved earth, 497 mi. unimproved earth
Inland waterways: 420 mi.; of little importance
Pipelines: crude oil, 1,577 mi.; refined products, 320 mi.
Ports: 3 major, 4 minor
Civil air: 5 major transport aircraft
Airfields: 86 total, 26 usable; 20 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runway
over 12,000 ft., 15 with runways 8,000-11,999 ft., 5 with runways 4,000-
7,999 ft.
Telecommunications: fair international radiocommunication service; poor domestic
telecommunication service; 104,000 telephones; 300,000 radio and 111,000 TV
receivers; 5 TV and 5 AM stations
328
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 NIS 56E Approved For Release 2004/OWfRZ1ANpA-RDP79-01051AO00400010002-1
LAND:
362,800 sq. mi. (including islands of Zanzibar and Pemba,
1,020 sq. mi.); 6% inland water, 8% cultivated, 9%
used for grazing, 77% forest, woodland, or grassland
on mainland; 50% arable, of which 40% cultivated
on islands of Zanzibar and Pemba (1965)
Land boundaries: 2,413 mi.
WATER:
Limits of territorial waters: 12 n. mi.
Coastline: 575 mi.
PEOPLE:
Population: 13,812,000, average annual growth rate 2.7%
(FY70); males 15-49, 3,203,000; 1,775,000 fit for military service
Ethnic divisions: 99% native Africans consisting of well over 100 tribes; 1%
Asian, European, and Arab
Religion: Tanganyika -- 45% animist, 29% Christian, 25% Muslim; Zanzibar --
almost all Muslim
Language: Swahili official; English often used as administrative language;
primary language of about 89% of the population is one of the many Bantu,
Nilotic, Nilo-Hamitic, and Hamitic languages; 10% Swahili; 1% English
Literacy: 5% to- 10%
Labor force: under 400,000 in paid employment, over 90% in agriculture
Organized labor: 15% of labor force
GOVERNMENT:
Legal name: United Republic of Tanzania
Type: republic; single parties dominate both on the mainland and on Zanzibar
Capital: Dar es Salaam
Political subdivisions: 22 regions -- 18 on mainland, 4 on Zanzibar islands
Legal system: based on English common law, Islamic law, customary law, and German
civil law system; interim constitution adopted 1965; judicial review of
legislative acts limited to matters of interpretation; legal education at
University College, Dar es Salaam; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Branches: President Julius Nyerere has full executive authority; National Assembly
dominated by Nyerere and the Tanganyika African National Union (TANU), consists
of 120 elected members, 17 ex officio members, and up to 25 appointed members
from mainland, and 3 ex officio members and up to 52 appointed members from
Zanzibar; First Vice President Abeid Karume and the Revolutionary Council
still run Zanzibar despite the efforts of Nyerere to integrate the islands
into the political system of the mainland
Government leader: President Julius Nyerere
Suffrage: universal adult
Political party and leaders: Tanganyika African National Union (TANU), only main-
land political party, dominated by Nyerere with Second Vice President Rashidi
Kawawa as his top lieutenant; Karume's Afro-Shirazi Party in Zanzibar is
supposed to merge with TANU eventually
Voting strength (October 1970 national elections): 5 million registered voters;
Nyerere received 95% of 3.6 million votes cast
Communists: a few Communists and sympathizers
Member of: Commonwealth, EAC, FAO, GATT, IBRD, ICAO, IFC, ILO, IMF, ITU, OAU,
Seabeds Committee, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO
ECONOMY:
Mainland:
GDP: $1,058 million at 1966 prices (1969), about $80 per capita; growth rate in
constant 1966 prices for 1969 3.1%
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 ECONOMY (cont'd): Approved For Release 2004/08/31 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000400010002-1
Agriculture: main crops -- cotton, coffee, sisal on mainland; largely self-
sufficient in food
Fishing: catch 140,200 tons, $1,329,200; exports $734,000, imports $655,000
Major industries: primarily agricultural processing (sugar, beer, cigarettes,
sisal twine), diamond mine, oil refinery, shoes, cement
Electric power: 93,500 kw. capacity (1970); 360 million kw.-hr. produced (1970),
24 kw.-hr. per capita
Exports: $256 million (f.o.b., 1969); coffee,-cotton, sisal, cashew nuts, meat,
diamonds, cloves, coconut products
Imports: $244 million (c.i.f., 1969); manufactured goods, machinery and transport
equipment, cotton piece goods, crude oil, foodstuffs (mainly for Zanzibar);
Zanzibar accounted for $6.8 million of total imports (1968)
Major trade partners: exports -- Communist countries $11.7 million, Zanzibar
$14 million (cloves and coconut products); imports -- Communist countries
$25.3 million (1968)
Monetary conversion rate: 1 Tanzanian shilling=US$0.14; 7.143 Tanzanian
shillings=US$l
Fiscal year: 1 July - 30 June
Zanzibar:
GNP: $35 million (1967)
Agriculture: main crops -- cloves, coconuts
Industries: agricultural processing
Electric power: see Tanganyika (above)
Exports: $12.6 million (1968); cloves and clove products, coconut products
Imports: $5.6 million (1968); mainly foodstuffs and consumer goods
Major trade partners: imports -- China, Japan, and mainland Tanzania;
exports -- Singapore, China, Hong Kong, U.K.
Aid: U.K. principal source of aid until 1964; China and East Germany
extended through June 1968 -- $25 million
Exchange rate: 1 Tanzanian shilling=US$0.14; 7.143 Tanzanian shillings=US$l
Fiscal year: 1 July - 30 June
COMMUNICATIONS:
Railroads: 1,638 mi., meter gage, 4 mi. double track
Highways: total 21,200 mi., including 390 mi. on Zanzibar Island and 277 mi. on
Pemba and Mafia Islands; about 1,400 mi. bituminous treated, (370 mi. on
Zanzibar and Pemba); 19,800 mi. gravel, crushed stone, or unimproved earth
Pipelines: refined products 610 mi.
Inland waterways: 730 mi. of navigable streams; several thousand mi. navigable
on Lakes Tanganyika, Victoria, and Nyasa
Ports: 4 major, 8 minor
Merchant marine: 4 cargo ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 21,500 GRT, 31,200
DWT
Civil air: 9 major transport aircraft
Airfields: 101 total, 89 usable; 7 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runway
8,000 to 11,999 ft., 37 with runways 4,000-7,999 ft.; 4 seaplane stations
Telecommunications: telephone and telegraph good in main centers, only fair
outside main towns; 31,600 telephones; 150,000 radio receivers; 4 AM, no FM
or TV stations; 4 submarine cables
DEFENSE FORCES:
Military budget: for fiscal year ending 30 June 1972, $41.4 million; 11% of
total budget
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 NIS 42 Approved For Release 2004/%AJ1 GIA-RDP79-01051A000400010002-1
LAND:
198,000. sq. mi.; 24% in farms, 56% forested, 20% other
(1969)
Land boundaries: 3,025 mi.
WATER:
Limits of territorial waters: 12 n. mi.
Coastline: 2,200 mi.
PEOPLE:
Population: 35,774,000, average annual growth rate 2.7%
(April 60-70); males 15-49, 8,562,000; 5,220,000 fit
for military service; about 385,000 reach military age
(18) annually
Ethnic divisions: 75% Thai, 14% Chinese, 11% minorities
Religion: 95.5% Buddhist, 4% Muslim, 0.5% Christian
Language: Thai; English secondary language of elite
Literacy: 70%
Labor force: 88% agriculture, 9% commerce, 3% industry
GOVERNMENT:
Legal name: Kingdom of Thailand
Type: constitutional monarchy
Capital: Bangkok
Political subdivisions: 71 centrally controlled provinces
Legal system: based on civil law system, with influences of common law; new
constitution promulgated in 1968, suspended 17 November 1971; legal education
at Thammasat University; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Branches: King is head of state with nominal powers; Chairman heads a 16-man
national executive council, a caretaker body, pending an appointment of a
new cabinet under a provisional constitution; judiciary relatively independent
except in important political subversive cases
Government leaders: King Phumiphon Adundet; Field Marshal Thanom Kittikachorn,
Chairman; General Praphat Charusathien, Deputy Chairman
Suffrage: universal
Elections: suspended
Political parties and leaders: dissolved under the revolutionary order 17
November 1971
Member of: ADB, ASA, ASEAN, ASPAC, Colombo Plan, ECAFE, FAO, IAEA, ICAO, IDA,
IFC, IHB, ILO, ITU, Seabeds Committee, SEAMES, SEATO, U.N., UNESCO, UNICEF,
UPU, WHO, WMO
ECONOMY:
GDP: $6.5 billion (1970 est. in current prices), $175 per capita; estimated 6%
real growth in 1970
Agriculture: world's second largest rice exporter; main crops -- rice, rubber,
corn; almost 100% self-sufficient in food
Fishing: catch 1.27 million tons, $220 million (1969); exports -- none, imports--
none (1969)
Major industries: agricultural processing, textiles, wood and wood products,
cement, tin mining; non-Communist world's third largest tin producer
Shortages: fuel sources, including coal and petroleum
Electric power: 1,287,000 kw. capacity (1970); 5 billion kw.-hr. produced
(1970), 140 kw.-hr. per capita
Exports: $711 million (f.o.b., 1970); rice, rubber, corn, tin, cassava, kenaf
Imports: $1,262 million (c.i.f., 1970); excluding U.S. military imports;
machinery and transport equipment, textiles, fuels and lubricants, base
metals, chemicals
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 Approved For Release 2004/08/31 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000400010002-1
ECONOMY (cont'd):
Major trade partners: exports -- Japan, U.S., Singapore, Hong Kong, Netherlands,
Malaysia; imports -- Japan, U.S., West Germany, U.K.; about 1% or less trade
with Communist countries
Monetary conversion rate: 20.8 baht=US$1
Fiscal year: 1 October - 30 September
COMMUNICATIONS:
Railroads: 2,382 mi. meter gage; 60 mi. double track
Highways: 12,590 mi.; 5,440 mi. paved, 4,820 mi. crushed stone or gravel, 2,330
earth and laterite
Inland waterways: 2,485 mi. principal waterways; 2,300 mi. with navigable depths
of 3 ft. or more throughout the year; numerous minor waterways navigable by
shallow-draft native craft
Ports: 2 major, 16 minor
Merchant marine: 22 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 68,600 GRT, 101,600 DWT;
includes 15 cargo, 6 tanker, 1 specialized carrier
Airfields: 219 total, 187 usable; 40 with permanent-surface runways; 10 with
runways 8,000-11,999 ft., 21 with runways 4,000-7,999 ft.; 3 seaplane stations
Telecommunications: service to general public being improved, but still inadequate;
bulk of service to government activities provided by numerous radiocommunica-
tion stations and radio-relay network; satellite ground station connects to
Intelsat II and will connect to Indian Ocean satellite; 134,663 telephones;
2,775,000 radios; 222,000 televisions; estimated 50 AM, 5 FM, and 6 TV
stations in two government-controlled networks; U.S. military submarine
cable to South Vietnam
DEFENSE FORCES:
Military budget: for fiscal year ending 30 September 1972, $256,000,000; 18.2% of
total budget
332
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 NIS 50N Approved For Release 2004/08131 - CIA-RDP79-01051A000400010002-1
TOGO
LAND:
22,000 sq. mi.; nearly half total is arable, under 15%
cultivated (1970)
Land boundaries: 940 mi.
WATER:
Limits of territorial waters: 12 n. mi.
Coastline: 35 mi.
PEOPLE:
Population: 2,095,000, average annual growth rate 2.5%
(FY67-70); males 15-49, 494,000;.246,000 fit for
military service; no conscription
Ethnic divisions: some 40 tribes; largest and most important are Ewe in south and
Cabrais in north; under 1% European and Syrian-Lebanese
Religion: about 20% Christian, 5% Muslim, 75% animist
Language: French, both official and language of commerce; major African languages
are Ewe and Mina in south and Dagoma, Tim, and Cabrais in north
Literacy: 5% to 10%
Labor force: bulk of population engaged in subsistence agriculture; about
30,000 wage earners, evenly divided between public and private sectors
GOVERNMENT:
Legal name: Republic of Togo
Type: republic; under military rule since January 1967
Capital: Lome
Political subdivisions: 18 circumscriptions
Legal system: based on French civil law and customary practice; draft constitution
presented to President in 1968, no indication of when it will be submitted
to referendum; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Branches: military government, with civilian participation in the cabinet, took
over on 14 April 1967, replacing provisional government created after
January coup; no legislature; separate judiciary including State Security
Court established 1970
Government leader: Brig. Gen. Etienne Eyadema, President
Suffrage: universal adult
Elections: no elections since 1963 and none scheduled
Political parties: single party formed by President Eyadema in September 1969;
Rassemblement de Peuple Togolais, structure and staffing of party closely
controlled by government
Communists: no Communist Party; there may be a few Communists and-sympathizers
Member of: EAMA, ENTENTE, FAO, IBRD, ICAO, ILO, IMF, ITU, OAU, OCAM, U.N.,
UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO
ECONOMY:
GDP: $267 million, about $140 per capita; estimated real growth 1966-70, 5.3%
average annual rate
Agriculture: main cash crops -- coffee, cocoa; major food crops -- yams, cassava,
corn, beans, rice, fish;,must import some foodstuffs
Major industries: phosphate mining, agricultural processing, handicrafts,
textiles, beverages
Electric power: 11,900 kw. capacity (1970); 38 million kw.-hr. produced (1970),
20 kw.-hr. per capita
Exports: $54.8 million (f.o.b., 1970); phosphates, cocoa, coffee, palm
kernels, and cassava
Imports: $64.7 million (c.i.f., 1970); consumer goods,
fuels, machinery, tobacco, foodstuffs
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 Approved For Release 2004/08/31 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000400010002-1
ECONOMY (cont'd):
Major trade partners: mostly with France and other EC countries
Aid: (1970 disbursements) France $2.3 million, West Germany $2.0 million, U.S.
$0.7 million (FY60-70 total commitments $1.6 million), EC $5.5 million,
U.N. $1.8 million, others $1.1 million
Monetary conversion rate: 1 Communaute Financiere Africaine franc=0.02 French
francs (prior to 13 August 1971, 277 CFA francs=US$1)
Fiscal year: calendar year
COMMUNICATIONS:
Railroads: 310 mi. meter gage, single track
Highways: approx. 4,475 mi.; 235 mi. paved, 120 mi. gravel, 910 mi.
improved earth, 3,210 mi. unimproved
Inland waterways: section of Mono River and about 30 mi. of coastal lagoons
and tidal creeks
Ports: 1 major, 1 minor
Civil air: 1 major transport aircraft
Airfields: 10 total, 10 usable; 1 with permanent-surface runway 4,000-7,999 ft.
Telecommunications: Togo has poor system based on skeletal network of open-wire
lines, supplemented by a few radiocommunication stations; only center is
Lome; 4,600 telephones; 45,000 radio receivers; 1 AM, no FM or TV stations
DEFENSE FORCES:
Supply: most military materiel obtained from France
Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1971, $3,262,000; 9.0% of
total budget
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 MIS 102 Approved For Release 2004/08/3i1ON&IA-RDP79-01051A000400010002-1
LAND:
385 sq. mi. (150 islands); 77% arable, 3% pasture, 13%
forest, 3% inland water, 4% other
WATER:
Limits of territorial waters: 3 n. mi.
Coastline: 350 mi. (est.)
PEOPLE:
Population: 88,000, average annual growth rate 2.5% (FY69)rv
Ethnic divisions: Polynesian, about 300 Europeans
Religion: Christian; Free Wesleyan Church claims over
30,000 adherents
Language: Tongan, English
Literacy: 90%-95%; compulsory education for children between ages of 6-14
Labor force: agriculture 10,303; mining 599
Organized labor: unorganized
GOVERNMENT:
Legal name: Kingdom of Tonga
Type: constitutional monarchy
Capital: Nukualofa
Political subdivisions: 3 main island groups (Tongatapu, Haapi, Vavau)
Legal system: based on English law
Branches: Executive (King and Privy Council); Legislative (Legislative Assembly
composed of 7 nobles elected by their peers, 7 elected representatives of
the people, 7 Ministers of the Crown; the King appoints one of the 7 nobles
to be the speaker); Judiciary (Supreme Court, magistrate courts, Land
Court)
Government leaders: King Taufa'ahau Tupou IV; Premier, Prince Tu'ipelehake
(younger brother of the King)
Suffrage: granted to all literate adults over 21 years of age who pay taxes
Elections: held triennially
Communists: none known
Member of: Commonwealth
ECONOMY:
Agriculture: largely dominated by coconut production with subsistence crops of
taro, yams, sweet potatoes, manioc, and bread fruit
Electric power: 900 kw. capacity (1970); 2.6 million kw.-hr. produced (1970),
30 kw.-hr. per capita
Exports: $3.8 million (f.o.b., 1969); copra and bananas
Imports: $5.7 million (c.i.f., 1969)
Major trade partners: Australia, New Zealand, Netherlands, Norway
Monetary conversion rate: 0.893 Tonga dollar=US$l
COMMUNICATIONS:
Railroads: none
Highways: 365 mi.; 132 mi. metalled all-weather, 233 mi. earth
Ports: 5 minor
Merchant marine: 1 cargo ship (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 1,820 GRT, 2,700
DWT
Civil air: (see Western Samoa)
Airfields: 3 total; 1 usable, with grass runway 7,000 ft.; 1 seaplane station
Telecommunications: 936 telephones; 7,600 radio sets; no TV sets; 1 AM station
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 NiTC Q, n Approved For Release- 9JtRW J0 q P79-01051A000400010002-1
LAND:
1,980 sq. mi.; 41.9% in farms (of which 25.7% cropped or
fallow, 1.5% pasture, 10.6% forests, 4.1% unused or
built-on), 58.1% outside of farms, including
grassland, forest, built-up area, and wasteland
WATER:
Limits of territorial waters: 12 n. mi.
Coastline: 225 mi.
PEOPLE:
Population: 967,000, average annual growth rate 1.3%
(April 60-70); males 15-49, 213,000; 150,000 fit for
vice
lit
ary ser
mi
Ethnic divisions: 43% Negro, 36% East Indian, 16% mixed, 2% white, 3% other
Religion: 26.8% Protestant, 31.2% Roman Catholic, 23% Hindu, 6% Muslim, 13% unknown
Language: English
Literacy: 80%
Labor force: about 368,400 (June 1969), at least 15% unemployed; about 20.4%
agriculture, 18.3% mining, quarrying, and manufacturing, 15.8% commerce;
14.6% construction and utilities; 6.9% transportation and communications;
20.8% services (1965); shortage of technical and managerial personnel
Organized labor: 24% of labor force
GOVERNMENT:
Legal name: Trinidad and Tobago
Type: independent state since August 1962; recognizes Elizabeth II as chief
of state
Capital: Port-of-Spain
Political subdivisions: 8 counties (29 wards, Tobago is 30th)
Legal system: based on English common law; constitution came into effect
1962; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court; has not
accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Branches: legislative branch consists of 36-member elected House of
Representatives and 24-member Senate (13 nominated by Prime Minister,
4 by opposition leader, 7 at discretion of Governor General); executive is
cabinet led by the Prime Minister; judiciary is Supreme Court
Government leader: Prime Minister, Dr. Eric Williams
Suffrage: universal over age 21
Elections: last election 24 May 1971, PNIM won all seats (constitutionality of
situation is under review)
Political parties and leaders: People's National Movement (PNM), Dr. Eric
Williams; Democratic Labor Party (DLP), Vernon Jamadar; Democratic Liberation
Party (DLIBP), Bhadase Sagan Maraj; United National Independence Party, James
Millette; Democratic Action Congress (DAG), Arthur Napoleon Raymond Robinson
Voting strength (1971 election): 32.9% of registered voters cast ballots, 83.7%
PNM, 16.3% other
Communists: not significant
Other political pressure groups: Tapia House Group (headed by Lloyd Best);
National Youth Congress (NYC); Oilfield Workers Trade Union (OWTU), pro-
Marxist leadership; National Joint Action Committee (NJAC), antigovernment,
extremist organization; United Revolutionary Organization (URO), Marxist-led
amalgam
Member of: CARIFTA, Commonwealth, GATT, IBRD, ICAO, IDB, IMF, OAS, Seabeds
Committee, U.N.
337
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 ECONOMY: Approved For Release 2004/08/31 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000400010002-1
GDP: $858.5 million (1970 est.), $820 per capita; real growth rate 1970, 1.9% est.
Agriculture: main crops -- sugarcane, cocoa, coffee, rice, citrus, bananas;
largely dependent upon imports of food
Fishing: catch 4,000 metric tons (1969); exports $1.5 million (1969),
imports $2.3 million (1969)
Major industries: petroleum, tourism, food processing, cement
Electric power: 285,000 kw. capacity (1969); 1.21 billion kw.-hr. produced (1969),
1,170 kw.-hr. per capita
Exports: $482 million (f.o.b., 1970 est.); petroleum and petroleum products,
sugar, cocoa
Imports: $544 million (c.i.f., 1970 est.); crude petroleum, machinery,
transportation equipment, manufactured goods, food
Major trade partners: exports -- U.S. 46%, U.K. 10%, CARIFTA 10%; imports --
Venezuela and Colombia 25%, U.S. 16%, U.K. 13%, CARIFTA 2% (1970)
Aid: economic -- extensions from U.S. (FY56-70) $22.7 million loans, $40.1
million grants; from international organizations (FY53-70), $60.2 million
Monetary conversion rate: TT$1.93=US$l (6 October 1971)
Fiscal year: calendar year
COMMUNICATIONS:
Railroads: none
Highways: 4,200 mi.; 2,500 mi. paved, 1,700 mi. gravel or otherwise improved
Pipelines: crude oil, 243 mi.; refined products, 12 mi.; natural gas, 130 mi.
Ports: 3 major, 6 minor
Civil air: 8 major transport aircraft
Airfields: 12 total, 9 usable; 3 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runway
8,000-11,999 ft., 3 with runways 4,000-7,999 ft.; 2 seaplane stations
Telecommunications: excellent international service via tropospheric scatter
link to Barbados and Guyana; good local service; satellite ground
station to be operational in 1971; 51,700 telephones; est. 250,000 radio
and 54,000 TV receivers; 2 AM, 2 FM, and 2 TV stations
DEFENSE FORCES:
Supply: mostly from U.K.
Military budget: proposed for fiscal year ending 31 December 1969, $2,500,000;
about 1.5% of central government budget
Approved For Release 2004/08/31 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000400010002-1
 ^^^ Approved For Release 2O9 (p 1 g-jISRDP79-01051A000400010002-1
LAND:
32,000 sq. mi. (1965); almost all desert, waste or urban
(1963)
Land boundaries: 680 mi. (does not include boundaries
between adjacent Trucial Sheikhdoms)
WATER:
Limits of territorial waters: Abu Dhabi 3 n. mi., Sharjah.
12 n. mi., others not available
Coastline: 900 mi.
PEOPLE:
Population: 179,000 (census of 15 March - 16 April 1968);
males 15-49, about 43,000; about 22,000 fit for
military service
Ethnic divisions: Arabs 72%; others include Iranians, Pakistanis, and Indians
Religion: Muslim 96%, Christian, Hindu and other 4%
Language: Arabic
Literacy: 20% est. (1968)
Labor force: 77,000 (1.968)
GOVERNMENT:
Legal name: Trucial States (7 amirates)
Type: ruled by traditional leading families, each headed by a sheikh
Legal system: based on Islamic law with ultimate appeal to the Sheikh; some
secular and civil codes being introduced
States and rulers: Abu Dhabi, Zayid ibn Sultan; Ajman, Rashid ibn Humayd;
Dubai, Rashid ibn Sa'id; Fujairah, Muhammad ibn Hamad; Ras al Khaimah,
Saqr ibn Muhammad; Sharjah, Khalid ibn Muhammad; Umm al Qaiwain, Ahmad
ibn Rashid
ECONOMY:
Agriculture: food imported, but some dates, alfalfa, vegetables, fruit, tobacco
raised
Major industries: fishing, trading, oil production; oil production began in Abu
Dhabi in 1962, and in 1970 reached 694,000 bbls. per day; oil revenues
accruing to Abu Dhabi estimated $200 million in 1970; Dubai has best port
and is commercial center -- oil was discovered in commercial quantities in
1966; production began in 1969, 1970 production 86,000 b.p.d.; oil revenues
for 1970 estimated at $33 million; small fishing, some boat building,
handicrafts, animal husbandry, pearling throughout area
Electric power: 36,000 kw. capacity (1970); 90 million kw.-hr. produced (1970),
676 kw.-hr. per capita
Exports: crude petroleum, pearls, fish; Abu Dhabi crude exports $244 million (est.
1968) and Dubai $20 million total, of which $18.8 million reexports (1968)
Imports: food, consumer and capital goods; Abu Dhabi $120 million estimated
(1969) and Dubai $197 million total (1970)
Major trade partners: Japan, U.K., India
Aid: multilateral annual average (1967-69) $1.17 million
Monetary conversion rate: 1 Qatar-Dubai riyal=US$0.21; Abu Dhabi, 1 Bahrain
dinar=US$2.10
COMMUNICATIONS:
Railroads: none
Highways: 175 mi. bituminous,
Pipelines: crude oil, 170 mi.
Ports: 2 major, 4 minor
Merchant marine: 2 cargo ships
undetermined mileage of earth tracks
(1,000 GRT or over) totaling 6,500 GRT, 11,500 DWT
339
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 COMMUNICATIONS (conigegroved For Release 2004/08/31 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000400010002-1
Civil air: no major transport aircraft
Airfields: 86 total, 37 usable; 3 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runway
8,000-11,999 ft., 15 with runways 4,000-7,999 ft.
Telecommunications: telephone system in Dabai and Al Sharjah, also links
these towns; Abu Dhabi Petroleum operates a telecom system throughout t0
the sheikhdom; key centers are Tarif, Habshaan, and Jebel Dhana;
telephones; 250,000 radio and 10,000 TV receivers; 3 AM, 1 FM, and 1 TV
stations
DEFENSE FORCES:
Defense is responsibility of U.K.
340
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 NIS 46 Approved For Release 2004/08t3li5CAA-RDP79-01051 A000400010002-1
LAND:
63,400 sq. mi.; 28% arable land and tree crops, 23% range
and esparto grass, 6% forest, 43% desert, waste or
urban
Land boundaries: 875 mi.
WATER:
Limits of territorial waters: 6 n. mi. (fishing, 12 n. mi
follows meter isobath in south; maximum extent 80 n.
mi.)
Coastline: 710 mi. (includes offshore islands)
PEOPLE:
Population: 5,325,000, average annual growth rate 2.9%
(current); males 15-49, 1,274,000; 680,000 fit for
military service; about 49,000 reach military age
(20) annually
Ethnic divisions: 98% Arab, 1% European, less than 1% Jewish
Religion: 98% Muslim, 1% Christian, less than 1% Hebrew
Language: Arabic (official), Arabic and French (commerce)
Literacy: about 30%
Labor force: 1.5 million; 70% agriculture, 10% manufacturing and construction,
20% other; 25% underemployed; shortage of skilled labor
Organized labor: 10% of labor force; General Union of Tunisian Workers (UGTT),
subordinate to Destourian Socialist Party
GOVERNMENT:
Legal name: Republic of Tunisia
Type: republic
Capital: Tunis
Political subdivisions: 13 governorates (provinces)
Legal system: based on French civil law system and Islamic law; constitution
patterned on Turkish and U.S. constitutions adopted 1959; some judicial
review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court in joint session; legal
education at Institute of Higher Studies and Ecole Superieure de Droit in
Tunis; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Branches: executive dominant; unicameral legislative largely advisory; judicial,
patterned on French system and Koranic law
Government leader: President Habib Bourguiba; Prime Minister Hedi Nouira
Suffrage: universal over age 21
Elections: national elections held every 5 years; last elections 2 November 1969
Political party and leader: Destourian Socialist Party, Habib Bourguiba
Voting strength (1969 election): 100% Destourian Socialist Party
Communists: 100 est.; a few sympathizers; Tunisian Communist Party proscribed in
1962
Member of: Arab League, EC (association until 1974), FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA,
IFC, ILO, IMCO, IMF, ITU, OAU, Seabeds Committee (observer), U.N., UNESCO, UPU,
WHO, WMO
ECONOMY:
Agriculture: cereal farming and livestock herding predominate; main crops --
wheat, barley, olives, fruits (especially citrus), viticulture, vegetables,
dates
Major industries: mining, food processing, textiles and leather, light
manufacturing, construction materials, chemical fertilizers
Electric power: 270,000 kw. capacity (1970); 710 million kw.-hr. produced (1970),
137 kw.-hr. per capita
Monetary conversion rate: 0.52 dinar=US$l (IMF par value)
Fiscal year:-calendar year
341
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 COMMUNICATIONS: Approved For Release 2004/08/31 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000400010002-1
Railroads: 1,273 mi.; 298 mi. standard gage (4'8 1/2"), mi. double track; 975
mi. meter gage (3'3 3/8")
Highways: 10,000 mi.; 4,560 mi. bituminous, 465 mi. gravel, 2,050 mi. improved
earth, 2,925 mi. unimproved earth
Pipelines: crude oil, 496 mi.; refined products, 6 mi.; natural gas, 43 mi.
Ports: 4 major, 14 minor
Merchant marine: 8 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 15,400 GRT, 19,300 DWT;
includes 6 cargo, 2 specialized carrier
Civil air: 5 major transport aircraft
Airfields: 60 total, 36 usable; 10 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runway
8,000-11,999 ft., 19 with runways 4,000-7,999 ft.; 1 seaplane station
Telecommunications: the system is above the African average in amount and
capacity of facilities which consist of open-wire lines with multiconductor
cable or radio relay on trunk routes; key centers are Safagis, Susah, Bizerte,
and Tunis; 70,000 telephones; 400,000 radio and 50,000 TV receivers; 2 AM,
3 FM, and 7 TV stations; 2 submarine cables
DEFENSE FORCES:
Supply: dependent on foreign sources of supply; mostly U.S., with lesser amounts
from France, Italy, and West Germany
342
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 NIS 27 Approved For Release 2004/08/Aln a ,_
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