CIVIL DIVISIONS OF THE WORLD PART IV. OCEANIA
Document Type:
Collection:
Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST):
CIA-RDP79-01009A002000040004-2
Release Decision:
RIFPUB
Original Classification:
U
Document Page Count:
53
Document Creation Date:
November 16, 2016
Document Release Date:
December 2, 1999
Sequence Number:
4
Case Number:
Publication Date:
February 1, 1958
Content Type:
REPORT
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FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
GEOGRAPHIC INTELLIGENCE REPORT
CIVIL DIVISIONS OF THE WORLD
Part IVo Oceania
February 1958
CIA/RR-GR-184
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
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CONTENTS
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Note on Regional Authorities
A. Philippines-East Indies
Philippines.
Portuguese Timor
Christmas Island (Indian Ocean) . . . . . . . . . . . . Il
B. Western Pacific and Australia
Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands . . . . . . . ? 12
Guam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Netherlands New Guinea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Papua
Territory of New Guinea . . . . .
Nauru
British Solomon Islands
17
18
New Hebrides . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
New Caledonia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Australia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
C. Central Pacific
.........25
Central Pacific Island Possessions of the United States
26
Canton and Enderbury Islands . . . . . . . . . ? . . . . . . . . . 27
Pacific Islands Claimed by the United States and the
United Kingdom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . 28
Gilbert and Ellice Islands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Pacific Islands Claimed by the United States and
New Zealand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
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Page
D. Southwest Pacific
Easter and Sala y Gomez Islands . . . . . . . . .
Pitcairn Islands Group . . .
French Polynesia
.32
33
. 3.
Cook Islands . . . . . o . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
American Samoa
Western Samoa . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . , . .
Tonga Islands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Uvea (Wallis) and Futuna Islands .
Fiji . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . 42
4?3
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Introduction
Wherever possible, this report gives the generic names of first-andl?.
second-order civil divisions and the number of such units for each. country.
"Country" is here interpreted loosely to cover nations, dominions, colonies.,
protectorates, possessions, and other types of political units. In general,-
the data reflect de facto sovereignty as of February 1958. The counting; of a.
particular civil division under the name of a country, however, does not
necessarily imply recognition of its current political status by the United
States Government.
Within the limits of Oceania as here considered,.a number of political_
entities are administered ultimately by regional authorities.:?. For example,
the British High Commissioner for the Western. Pacific has complete or partial
responsibility for more than one country. Data on the civil"divisions of
political entities under regional authorities are presented along with those
of other countries in their geographic region, rather than in hierarchic
outline under the name of the regional authority. Wherever possible, however,
relationships between countries and regional authorities are noted in the
comments on individual countries.
The civil division data vary considerably in relative completeness and
accuracy from country to country. For some political units, information was
available for first-order civil divisions only. For others, no civil divisions
could be listed although brief explanations of the situation could be given.
In several instances, the status of units as first- or second-order divisions
is clouded by the existence of entities of intermediate rank. As a rule, an
attempt was made to identify the basic first- and second-order units, and to
deal with exceptions and intermediate units under "Remarks". The nature of the
data.on hand, however, did not always favor strict adherence to this policy,
and the compilers will quickly concede that valid interpretations different
from theirs can be placed on many of the civil division patterns.
The generic terms given are followed wherever appropriate by a translation --
the "standard" translation where one could be discerned and the choice of the
compilers in other cases. Where translations only were available -- that is,
where the official form in current use could not be identified with certainty --
the selected translation is given in. brackets.
Underlining of figures indicates that the number of civil divisions in a
country was arrived at by counting the number of units shown on available
maps. Because of cartographic ambiguities and errors in counting, these
figures may be less accurate than those (not underlined) that were taken
from documentary sources.
*See note on two of the more important regional authorities, p. 3.
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The date given for each civil division category is that of the main source
from which information was taken. Where basic data were drawn from numerous
sources, the date may span several years. For the most part, geographic
coordinates are taken from The Columbia] Lippincott Gazetteer of The World,
1952 edition.
The references cited generally include the main-sources or one of the
main sources from. which data for this r port were taken. In some instances,
it was necessary to note several refere ces in order to give complete coverage
for both first- and second-order divisi ns. References include maps, lists,
and, other works useful in interpreting dministrative relationships. After
each citation, a brief indication of th type of data presented by the source
is given.
Reference materials for which call numbers or map numbers are given in
the citations can be obtained on request from the CIA Map Library, extension
2596. Maps with map numbers generally are obtainable as retention copies,
whereas all items with call numbers are available only on loan. Most of-
the unnumbered books, reports, and documents that are cited as references'
are in the CIA Library (extension 8708), the Department of State Library,
or the Library of Congress. A few, how :ver, are available at the CIA Map
Library.
Where reliability of the data is particularly doubtful, or where some
relationship is not covered by the avai able sources, the discrepancies
are noted under the heading "Gaps."
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Note on Regional Authorities
An understanding of the administrative relationships of the Pacific area
requires some grasp of the roles of two regional authorities: (1) the British
High Commissioner for the Western Pacific, and (2) the French High Commissioner
of the Republic for the Pacific.
The Office of the High Commissioner for the Western Pacific was originally
established by Great Britain in 1877 as a judicial body to strengthen control
over its subjects in islands still under native rule. ,Although the judicial
role continues to be important, the Commissionership, over the years, has
evolved into a general administrative authority. For most of the period
prior to 1942, the posts of High Commissioner for the Western Pacific and
Governor of Fiji were combined. The functions were separated in 1953,
however, and new headquarters for the High Commissioner were established
at Honiara in the British Solomon Islands. The Commissioner's jurisdiction
was defined in 1956 as extending to "all islands in the Western Pacific not
administered by Australia, New Zealand, Fiji or any other, foreign power."
In practice, this is interpreted to mean:
(a) Gilbert and Ellice Islands Colony.*
(b) British Solomon Islands Protectorate.
(c) Central and southern Line Islands.
(d) New Hebrides (British responsibilities under the Anglo-French condominium).
The administration of the Solomon Islands Protectorate by the High Commissioner
is direct. In theory, this is also true for the normally uninhabited Central and
Southern Line Islands. In the Gilbert and Ellice Islands, however, the High
Commissioner is represented by a Resident Commissioner through whom district
officers report. The principal British officer in the New Hebrides condominium
administration is also a Resident Commissioner. Technically, however, in the
New Hebrides the Resident Commissioner represents his superior in his role as
"British High Commissioner for the New Hebrides" rather than as "British High
Commissioner for the Western Pacific."
The French High Commissioner of the Republic for the Pacific* is in some
respects the counterpart of the British High Commissioner for'the.Western Pacifica
In addition to having final administrative responsibility for French possessions
and interests in the Pacific, his offices include the governorship of New
Caledonia (exercised with other functions from a permanent administrative seat
at Noumea, New Caledonia) and the French High Commissionership for the New
Hebrides. In the latter role, he is represented in the Angl.o?-French condominium
administration by a Resident Commissioner.
*British interpretation of the "limits" of the island groups takes in
islands that are also claimed by the United States.
His full title is Haut-Commissaire de la .Republique de 1'Ocean Pacifique
et aux Nouvelles-Hebrides, et Gouverneur de la.Nouvelle-Caledonie et dependences.
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Section A
PHILIPPINES-EAST INDIES
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The Republic of the Philippines comprises some 7,000 islands between the
Pacific Ocean proper and the South China Sea.
Name and number of
FIRST-ORDER DIVISIONS province: 53
1954 capital city: 2*
Name and number of
SECOND-QRDER DIVISIONS
1954
chartered city**: 27
municipality: 1,087
municipal district: 194
city district: 25
REMARKS Some 4,000 of the 7,000 islands are unnamed and considered to be
unimportant.
Although subprovinces were supposedly abolished in.1919, references
to a few such units commonly occur in official lists, notably the
5 subprovinces of MountainProvince, and Aurora -- a subprovince of
Quezon Province.
Chartered cities approach first-order status in that their govern-
ments deal directly with the national government on many matters.
Nevertheless, the cities still seem to be considered officially as
parts of the provinces in which they are located. Chartered cities
differ greatly in size, population and proportion of total area
urbanized. Towns remain municipalities until they are elevated to
chartered city status.
Municipalities, the basic second-order units, may be largely urban,
largely rural, or mixed. They are divided into barrios (third-
order), of which there are some 18,600, excluding some 700 that lie
within the limits of chartered cities. Municipal districts are
relatively undeveloped areas that the government considers not yet
ready for municipality status. The few hundred barrios into which
the 194 municipal districts are divided are included in the 18,600
figure noted above.
The 25 second-order city districts are the subdivisions of the 2
capital cities, Quezon City and Manila. Some of the chartered
cities are also divided into city districts (third-order), and then
into barrios (fourth-order, normally third), whereas others are
divided directly into barrios with third-order status.
A law of 1948 established, Quezon City as the "permanent seat of the national
government." Legal opinions of 1948-51 noted that the government was still in Manila
and that "... Manila should, therefore, continue to 'be the national capital until
otherwise so provided."
**The two capital cities are also "chartered."
4 - PHILIPPINES
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REFERENCES Official List of Barrios, Republic of the Philippines, Bureau of
Coast and Geodetic Survey, Cartographic Division, Manila, 1952;
administrative relationships; names of all units first- through
third-order in hierarchic outline; list is 1951 revision of 1938
census list. Call No. gJlOl.P5.
Census of the Philippines 1948, Bureau of Printing, Manila, 1951;
more legible than list cited above but not as up-to-date; includes
1:3,500,000 map showing province boundaries and limits of chartered
cities. Call No. gJlOl.P6.
Philippine Islands; 1:5,000,000; 1951; province names and boundaries.
Map No. 11733.
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NORTH BORNEO
(United Kingdom Crown Colony)
North Borneo includes various offshore islands. The Island of Labuan, formerly
administered by the Straits Settlements, became part of North Borneo in 19)46.
Name and number of
FIRST-ORDER DIVISIONS residency: 4
1956 district: 1
[Labuan Island]
Name and number of
SECOND-ORDER DIVISIONS district: 10
1956
REMARK The residencies are also referred to as "divisions" or "Tresidency
divisions."
Although the Island of Lsbuan is called a district, it is technically'
a first-order unit in that its chief officer reports directly to
the Colony Government. It has not been counted as one of the 10
second-order districts. Other offshore islands fall within the
normal pattern of residency-district administration.
The figure for second-order districts (10) refers only to those
that in 1956 were headed by a district officer, or by a residency
chief in lieu of a district officer (Tawau District). There are
also 7 or 8 subdistricts (third-order) that are headed by assistant
district officers. Apparently, the number of districts increases
from year to year as subdistricts are raised in status.
Several towns have "town boards" or "township authorities," but
no urban area ranks as a first-order district or residency.
REFERENCES
(a) Colony of North Borneo Annual Report, 1956, Her Majesty?s
Stationery Office, London, 1957; administrative relationships;
names of residencies, residency boundaries shown on 1:1,250,000
(b) Colony of North Borneo; 1:1,267,200; Survey Department,
Colony of North Borneo,[195) or 1955];names and boundaries of
districts and units that apparently now rank as subdistricts;
information is not up to date, but with the aid of reference (a)
the boundaries of most districts can be worked out; for residency
names and boundaries, the map accompanying reference (a) should
be given preference. Call No. 52076.
Current map coverage for district boundaries is needed.
- 6 - NORTH BORNEO
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BRUNEI
(Sultanate)
The Sultanate of Brunei is a British-protected state on the north coast of
Borneo. The two main parts of the state are separated by a salient of Sarawak
territory that extends westward to Brunei Bay.
Name and number of
FIRST-ORDER DIVIS-IONS district: 4
1955
Name and number of
SECOND-ORDER DIVISIONS
KS Although Brunei is conventionally treated as a separate political
entity, the general administration of the sultanate is carried
out by a British Resident under the supervision of the Governor
of Sarawak -- acting in his dual role of Governor of Sarawak and
High Commissioner for Brunei.
Apparently, there are no second-order units.
Three towns have boards that are responsible for municipal matters,
but no urban area ranks as a first-order division.
REFERENCES Annual Report: Brunei 1955, Her Majesty's. Stationery Office,
London,, 1956; names of districts; administrative relationships;
district boundaries shown on accompanying 1.500,000 map.
British Borneo; 1:3,200,000; 1952; names and boundaries of
districts (civil division data are current for Brunei, and
Sarawak, but not for North Borneo). Map No. 12108.1.
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SARAWAK
(United Kingdom Crown Colony)
Sarawak, on the north coast of Borneo, was formerly ruled by Rajah Brooke
under British protection, but became a crown colony in 1946.
Name and number of
FIRST-ORDER DIVISIONS
division:
5
1956
Name and number of
SECOND-ORDER DIVISIONS
district:
17
1956
Divisions are identified by number, districts by the names of
their administrative seats. No towns appear to rank as first-
or second-order units.
RENCES Sarawak Annual Report 1956, Her Majesty's Stationery Office,
London, 1957; administrative relationships; includes 1:1,000,000
map (revised 1956) showing division and district boundaries and
administrative seats.
British Borneo; 1:3,200,000; 1952; division boundaries and
number identifications; civil-division data are current for
Sarawak and Brunei, but not for North Borneo. Map No. 12108.1.
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INDONESIA
The Republic of Indonesia comprises mainly all of Java and . Sumatra. and most of
Borneo, all of the Celebes and the Moluccas and all but a relatively small part of
the Lesser Sunda Islands.
Name and number of
FIRST-ORDER DIVISIONS propinsi (province): 18*
1958 Daerah Istimewa Jogjakarta
(special area of Jogjakarta): 1
Kotapradja Djakarta-Raya
(municipality of Djakarta):
Name and number of
SECOND-ORDER DIVISIONS keresidenan (residency): 30
1958
REMARKS: Five sparsely populated provinces (4 in Borneo, 1 in Sumatra) do
not have residencies.
There are some 170 kabupaten (regency) units in Indonesia, which
are officially third-order. Since residencies do not exist in
some provinces, however, and do not function too effectively in
others, there is something to be said for the view that the kabupaten
is the de facto basic second-order division of the country, official
third-order status notwithstanding.
The kotaapradia (municipality), of which there are about 4+2, is
equivalent to a kabupaten. Djakarta, the capital, appears to be
the only municipality that ranks in its own right as a first-order
division.
The "special area of Jogjakarta," located on the south coast of
Java, is a native sultanate. It is subdivided into 4 units of
kabupaten status and 1 municipality (Jogjakarta city).
The authority of the central government has never been fully
established throughout Indonesia and many civil divisions of the
country are to a considerable extent theoretical.
REFERENCE
Indonesia; 1:8,000,000; 1952; 2 sheets, east and west; province
names and boundaries (not current) and limits of the Jogjakarta
special area. Map No. 11812.
Note: There are no readily available published sources that give current and
complete data on the civil divisions of Indonesia. The information above, apart
from the interpretive remarks, is from a list assembled by U.S. officials in
Djakarta from data supplied by the Indonesian Ministry of Internal Affairs. The
list is believed to be correct as of 1957 and it may be used eventually to revise
the map noted above.
*Officially, Indonesia claims 19 provinces, the 19th being "Irian Barat " (West
New Guinea), currently administered by the Dutch as Netherlands New Guinea.
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PORTUGUESE TIMOR
(Portuguese Overseas Province
Portuguese Timor includes the Oe'-Cuss.i enclave and Atauro Island.
Name and number of
FIRST-ORDER DIVISIONS provincia (province):
1956
Name and number of
SECOND-ORDER. DIVISIONS circu.nscriggo (circumscription): 8
1956 concelho (district): 1.
REMARKS The breakdown above is based on the official Portuguese position
that Timor is an overseas province. A more realistic interpretation
would be:
First-order,
circunscricao . . . . . . 8
concelho . . . . . . . 1.
Second-order
posto administrativo 54
(administrative post)
The concelho includes the environs of the capital (Dili) and
Atauro Island. It is much smaller, than any of the 8 ci.rcunscricoes
but equals them in. rank. Areas under adsmAnist:rative posts do not
necessarily have precise limits.
REFERENCE Fel.gas, ILA. E., Timor Portugues, Agencies :2e:ral do Ult.ramar,
Lisbon, 1956; administrative relationships; names of all
units; circunscri ao and concelho bourdarl,es shot: on various
small-scale maps.
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The Christmas Island (lOo3OtS-105o40TE) in the Indian Ocean, which should
not be confused with the Central Pacific island of the same name, referred to
on p..
Name and number of
FIRST--ORDER DIVISIONS
Name and number of
SECOND-ORDER DIVISIONS
REMARKS The administrative responsibility for the island is being
transferred from Singapore Colony of the United Kingdom to
Australia. At last report (lO.December 1957), however,
enabling laws had not yet been passed.
Some 2,650 people (Chinese, Malays, and Europeans) engaged
in the exploitation of phosphate deposits now live on
Christmas Island. The island, however, has no indigenous
population and has no civil divisions as such.
REFERENCE ONI Information Report, Australia-Christmas Island
(Re uest and Consent) Bill, 1957, U.S. Naval Attache,
Melbourne, 242-57, lO Dec 57-
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Section B
WESTERN PACIFIC and AUSTRALIA
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TRUST TERRITORY OF THE PACIFIC ISLANDS
(United Nations Trust Territory: United States)
The Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands comprises three archipelagoes, the
Marshalls, the Carolines, and the Marianas (except Guam), lying north of the equator
and considerably west of the Hawaiian Islands,
Name and number of
FIRST-ORDER DIVISIONS district: 7
Name and number of
SECOND-ORDER DIVISIONS municipality: ca. 128
1956-57
REMARKS The Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands is the only "strategic
trusteeship" in the United Nations trusteeship system. It differs
from other trust territories in that the administering power, the
United States, has the right to seal. off areas whenever necessary
for security reasons. To date, this prerogative has been used
mostly in connection with, the testing of atomic weapons.
Administration of most of the Trust Territory is directed by a
High Commissioner, an officer of the United States Department of
the Interior. For the Saipan District, however, responsibility
rests with the Secretary of the Navy, who has vested authority for
the government of the district in the Commander in Chief, U.S.
Pacific Fleet. This authority has been, delegated to the Commander,
Naval Forces, Marianas, who has appointed a civil administrator for
the Saipan District. The Navy-appointed civil administrator occupies
a position similar to that of other district administrators in the
Trust Territory. The High Commissioner and the Commander, Naval
Forces, Marianas, both maintain offices on Guam and are in close
liaison. In reporting to the United Nations, the Trust Territory
is treated as a single unit.
Although Guam, a United States possession, is the seat of administration,
it is not itself part of the Trust Territory. Rota Island, near
Guam, belongs geographically to the Marianas, but has the status
of a district in its own right and is now administered by the High
Commissioner from Guam. There is no administrative connection
between Rota Island and the Navy-administered Saipan District.
Municipalities, the basic second-order administrative units, may
be comprised of an island, a group of islands or atolls, or a
locally recognized division of a large island. Thus, on the 4
reef-connected islands known collectively as Yap there are 10
municipalities, each of which includes one or more villages and
adjacent areas. Each municipality in. the territory is headed by a
magistrate who may be a chief by hereditary or other right or an
elected official. Whether or not indigenous authorities are used
to govern in more or less customary ways depends upon the needs and
desires of the people, and thus the degree of authority varies from
island to island, usually in proportion to contact with foreign
cultures. Administration is generally rather Westernized in the
larger islands and island groups and "native" in outlying islands.
- 12 TRUST TERRITORY OF THE PACIFIC ISLANDS
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REFERENCES Ninth Annual Report to the United Nations on the Administration
of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, Department of
State Publication 6157, U.S. Government Printing Office,
Washington, released May 1957; administrative relationships;
names of districts and municipalities; includes small-scale
map showing district boundaries.
1957 Annual Report: The High Commissioner of the Trust Territory
of the Pacific Islands to the Secretary of the Interior, Government
Printing Office, Washington, 1957; administrative relationships.
Coulter, J.W.. The Pacific Dependencies of the United States,
Macmillan Company, New York, 1957; administrative relationships;
includes 1:250,000 map of Yap showing municipality boundaries.
Report on the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, Visiting
Mission to Trust Territories in the Pacific, 195b, United Nations
Trusteeship Council, New York, 1956; administrative relationships;
includes a small-scale map of district boundaries.
GAPS Readily available data on the number, status, and boundaries of
municipalities are incomplete.
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Guam (13027'N--144047'E) is an unincorporated territory of the United States.
Name and number of
FIRST-ORDER DIVISIONS municipality: 15
Name and number of
SECOND-ORDER DIVISIONS village: 19
1950
REMARKS The smallest of the municipalities is Agana, which is coextensive
or nearly so with Agana City, the capital of Guam. in 1940, the
municipalities (except Agana) were divided into towns or, villages,
and barrios. Most settlements, including Agana, were either
totally destroyed or severely damaged during World War II. During
reconstruction, many communities were relocated and the division
of municipalities into barrios was abandoned.
REFERENCES U.S. Bureau of the Census. U.S. Census of Population: 1.250,
Vol. I, Number of Inhabitants, Chapter 5 ""American Samoa,
Canal Zone, Guam, and Virgin Islands of the U.S.", Government
Printing Office, Washington, 1951; administrative relationships
and names of all units; municipality boundaries and location of
villages are shown on 1:350,000 map.
General Information: Guam, U.S. Department of the Interior,
Office of Territories, Interior. Duplicating Section, Washington,
1957; administrative relationships.
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NETHERLANDS NEW GUINEA
A Netherlands dependency comprising the western part of the Island of New
Guinea and small adjacent islands. The area is also claimed by Indonesia.
.Name and number of
FIRST-ORDER. DIVISIONS afdeling (division): 6
Name and number of
SECOND-ORDER DIVISIONS onderafdeling (subdivision): 22
exploratieressort (exploration jurisdiction): 3
REMARKS The 3 e.xploratieressorten, boundaries of which are not yet
fixed, take in the lightly controlled mountainous area of central
Netherlands New Guinea.
There are about 65 districten (districts, third-order), some of
which comprise little more than coastal settlements and their
environs. No towns other than these coastal settlements can be
said to rank in their own right as civil divisions,
The number of districts per subdivision ranges from 2 to 7.
Offshore islands are included in the normal division/subdivision/
district pattern.
REFERENCE [Netherlands New Guinea]; original scale approx. 1:3,000,000; from
Vademecum.voor Nederlands - Nieuw-Guinea,, Nieuw-Guinea Instituut,
Rotterdam, 1956; boundaries of units first- through third-order;
names given in marginal list keyed to map by number. Call No.
102080.
GAPS A.vailable map coverage for boundaries leaves much to be desired
in clarity and detail.
15 - NETHERLANDS NEW GUINEA
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PAPUA
(Australian Territory)
Papua comprises southeastern New Guinea and adjacent islands.
Name and number of
FIRST-ORDER DIVISIONS district: 6
Name and number of
SECOND-ORDER DIVISIONS
REMARKS In 1949, Papua and the Australia-governed Trust Territory of
New Guinea were joined in an arrangement involving a single
administrator, supreme court, and public service, directed from
an administrative seat at Port Moresby, Papua. Establishment
of this unified administration, however, does not alter.the
basic status of Papua as an Australian possession and New
Guinea as a Trust Territory.
The 6 first-order districts noted above are completely within
Papua. Such "second-order" administration as exists is in the
hands of assistant district officers, patrol officers, and, to a
far less extent, native constables and village headmen. In
general the use of indigenous government authorities is in an
early stage of development.
REFERENCES Commonwealth of Australia. Territory of Papua - Annual Report
for 1955-56, A. J. Arthur, Commonwealth Government Printer,
Canberra, 1957; names of districts; administrative relationships.
Territory of Papua and New Guinea; 1:2,534,400; National Mapping
Office, Department of the Interior, Canberra, 1954; names and
boundaries of districts. Call No. 53433.
Year Book of the Commonwealth of Australia, Commonwealth
Bureau of Census and Statistics, Government Printing Office,
Canberra, 1955; administrative relationships.
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TERRITORY OF NEW GUINEA
(United Nations Trust Territory: Australia
The Australian Trust Territory comprises northeastern New Guinea, the Bismarck
Archipelago, and the two northernmost islands of the Solomon group.
Name and number of
FIRST-ORDER DIVISIONS district: 9
Name and number of
SECOND-ORDER DIVISIONS
REMARKS In 1949, the Trust Territory of New Guinea and the Australian
Territory of Papua were joined in a governmental union that has
a single administrator, supreme court, and public service
directed from a headquarters at Port Moresby, Papua. Establishment
of this unified administration., however, does not alter the basic
status of northeastern New Guinea as a Trust Territory, and Papua
(southeastern New Guinea) as an Australian possession.
The 9 districts noted above are completely within. the Trust
Territory; 5 include the mainland and adjacent islands and
4 are groups of offshore islands. Administration below the
district level is partly in the hands of assistant district
officers and patrol officers. In some areas,.however, native
administration through local leaders is fairly well developed.
REFERENCES Commonwealth of Australia. Report to the General Assembly of the
United Nations on the Administration of the Territory of New Guinea,
Report for 1955-57, A.J. Arthur, Commonwealth Government Printer,
Canberra, 1957; names of districts; administrative relationships.
Territory of Papua and New Guinea; 1:2,534,400; National Mapping
Office, Department of the Interior, Canberra, 195+; names and
boundaries of districts. Call No. 53+33.
Year Book of the Commonwealth of Australia, Commonwealth Bureau
of Census and Statistics, Government Printing Office, Canberra,
1955; administrative relationships.
17 - TERRITORY OF NEW GUINEA
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NAURU
(United Nations Trust Territory: jointly under Australia., New Zealand,
and the United Kingdom; administered by Australia)
Nauru is a single island, Oo31tS-,165056?E,
Name and number of
FIRST-ORDER DIVISIONS district: lit
Name and number of
SECOND-ORDER DIVISIONS
REMARKS Some of the.districts are small, and 3 have permanent populations
of less than 100. In electing the local council, districts are
grouped to form 8 electoral districts. Although the electoral
units are not recognized officially as the basic civil divisions
of Nauru, realistically they seem to have a better claim to this
title than the 14 districts.
REFERENCES Commonwealth of Australia. Territory of Nauru: Report for
1955-1956, Department of Territories, A.J. Arthur, Commonwealth
Government Printer, Canberra, 1956; administrative relationships;
names of districts and electoral districts; includes 1.:45,000
map showing district boundaries.
Yearbook of the Commonwealth of Australia, Commonwealth Bureau of
Census and Statistics, A.J. Arthur, Government Printing Office,
Canberra, 1.955;, administrative relationships.
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BRITISH SOLOMON ISLANDS
(United Kingdom Protectorate)
The capital, Honiara (9?35?S-160?00?E), on Guadalcanal Island, is the
approximate center of the island group.
Name and number of
FIRST-ORDER DIVISIONS
district: 4
1954
[special area]: 1
Name and number of
SECOND-ORDER DIVISIONS
subdistrict: "t'
1954
REMARKS The islands are administered directly by the British High
Commissioner for the Western Pacific. His role in relation
to certain other United Kingdom-administered areas in the
Pacific is noted on p. 28.
The "special area" comprises the rather isolated Ontong Java
Islands which are reportedly administered "by the Senior
Assistant Secretary (Native Affairs) from Honiara."
The subdistricts or other second-order units are areas under
native councils which are to be found on most islands where
the population is great enough to require some form of organized
local government. Some of the larger islands have more than one
council. It can be inferred that the number of subdistricts or
council areas in the protectorate as a whole is probably about 30.
REFERENCES (a) Colonial Reports v British Solomon Islands 1953-54, Her
Majesty's Stationery Office, London, 1955; administrative
relationships; number of units; includes 1:2,750,000 map of
the Solomons that does not show district boundaries, although
these can be interpreted from a list of districts and islands (p.50)
that fall within them.
(b) Belshaw, C.S. Island Administration in the South West
Pacific, Royal Institute of International Affairs, London, 1950;
administrative relationships.
(c) Southwest Pacific Islands;; 1:5,500,000; 1954; locational
reference only; district boundaries for the Solomons can be
added easily from data in reference (a). Map No. 13378-1-
19 - BRITISH SOLOMON ISLANDS
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NEW HEBRIDES ISLANDS
(Anglo-French Condominium)
The administrative seat of the New Hebrides is at Vila, 170)+5@5-168020?E.
Name and number of
FIRST-ORDER DIVISIONS district: 4
Name and number of
SECOND-ORDER DIVISIONS
REMARKS The administration of the New Hebrides is exercised by Resident
Commissioners, one French and one British, who represent the
regional, officials that actually carry the title of British (or
French) High Commissioner for the New Hebrides. For further data
on this relationship, see p. 3.
There are in effect three different administrations in. the New
Hebrides, namely, the British National, the French National, and
the Condominium (or joint). The national administrations handle
such affairs as control of national property and subjects, and
the condominium deals with all matters requiring joint action,
Each district is headed by 2 district officers, 1 British and 1
French. Although the administrative seats of these officials are
usually on the same island, they are not always in the same
community.
No towns rank as districts. The administration of lower-order
units, if such exist, is largely in the hands of the indigenous
population --- native chiefs, village headmen and the like.
REFERENCES Colonial. Reports - Anglo-French Condominium: New Hebrides 1953
and 19, Her Majesty's Stationery Office, London, 1955;
administrative relationships; number of districts.
NID Handbook, Pacific Islands, Vol. III, "Western Pacific,"
London, 1944; names of districts and islands that fall within
them, p. 453-454.
New Hebrides; 1:1,000,000; first AMS ed. 1944; names and
boundaries of districts. AMS X321 (GSGS 4298).
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NEW CALEDONIA
(Territory of the French Union)
New Caledonia includes the Loyalty Island, Isle des Pins, and numerous adjacent
smaller islands, islets, and reefs.
Name and number of
FIRST-ORDER DIVISIONS arrondissement: 5
1957
Name and number of
SECOND-ORDER DIVISIONS [native reserve]: 2
1957
(towns with councils or municipal commissions]: 21
REMARKS The Governor of New Caledonia is, inter al.ia, High Commissioner
of, the Republic for the Pacific with certain responsibilities
for all French territories and interests in the region. The
multiple functions of the High. Commissioner are noted on p. 3.
Administrative arrangements applicable to the native Melanesian
population of New Caledonia are in some respects separate from
"general administration" and their functioning is not made
completely clear by available data. Most of the native people
live in reserves under the general (albeit declining) authority
of chiefs and village headmen. Local supervision of the reserves
through chiefs is exercised by gendarmes in the principal towns.
The reserves constitute about 8 percent of the total area of New
Caledonia. In addition, the Isle des Pins off the south coast
and the Loyalty Islands have been entirely constituted as reserves.
The number of reserves and their delimitation in relation to the
5 arrondissements is not known.
Noumea and some 20 other towns have councils or municipal
commissions. These communities, wherein more than half of the
European population of New Caledonia resides, appear in some
ways to be second-order civil divisions., even if not so ranked
officially.
For administrative purposes the Isle des Pins and the Belep Islands
are apparently regarded as part of New Caledonia proper. The Loyalty
Islands, on the other hand, have a special administration directed
by a resident with headquarters on Lifou Island. Certain other
islands belonging to New Caledonia (Walpole, Houn, and Chesterfield)
have no indigenous population but from time to time phosphate
deposits on the islands are worked by Vietnamese laborers under the
direction of Europeans. At such times, any administration that the
islands may receive is apparently through the field supervisors of
the firms directing operations, or through visiting French medical
officers.
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REFERENCES` Bottin de Madagascar des Territoires d'Amerique et d'Oceanie,
Didot-Bottin, Paris, 1957; administrative relationships; names
of towns with councils or municipal commissions; includes
1:3,000,000 map of arrondissement boundaries.
Nouvelle Caledonia; 1:1l-00,000; Anciens Etablissements Dufrenoy,
Paris, 1953; arrondissement names and boundaries. Call No. 95053.
NID Geographical Handbook, Pacific Islands, Vol. III, 'r Western
Pacific," London, 19+5; administrative relationships.
Belshaw, C.S.. Island Administration in the
Royal Institute of International Affairs, Oxford University
Press, London, 1950; administrative relationships.
GAPS Additional data are needed on all aspects of the administrative
system.
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AUSTRALIA.
(Commonwealth)
Australia as here considered -- without regard to Antarctic claims and sub-
Antarctic islands -- includes Tasmania, numerous nearshore islands and reefs, and
various offshore islands and island groups, as well as the mainland.*
Name and number of
FIRST-ORDER DIVISIONS
1957
state: 6
territory: 2
capital territory: 1
[Canberra]
Name and number of
SECOND-ORDER DIVISIONS
191+7-53 NSW VIC QLD SA WA TAS NTa' Total
city:
17
35
12
2
2
2
70
municipality:
135
--
--
?-
1,9
?-
--
154
town:
--
4
11
1
16
borough:
21
21
municipal
corporation:
-.,-
~?
--
43
-m
_-
-_
43
shire:
137
137
122
--
396
council
district:
-
--
--
100
-_
--
_?
100
road
district:
--
--
--
--
127
--
--
127
municipality:
--
--
-,_
?-
--
49
--
49
[mostly incorpo-
rated rural areas]
a.. The headings refer to the 6 states: New South Wales, Victoria,
Queensland, South Australia, Western Australia, and Tasmania; and
1 territory: Northern Territory. The number of units of each
type for Australia. as a whole is given in the final column.
*Among the offshore islands are Ashmore and Cartier (administratively part of
the Northern Territory) and Lord :Howe (part of New South Wales). Norfolk Island
ranks as a territory. The Cocos-?Keel.ing Islands in the Indian Ocean have been
administered by Australia since 1.975,.but do.not appear to be affiliated with any
state or territory. Christmas Island in the Indian Ocean will probably be trans-
ferred to Australian administration in 1958 (see Christmas Island, p. 11). Other
Australian-administered areas are discussed elsewhere (see Papua, Territory of
New Guinea, and Nauru, pp. 16, 17, _l.8).
- 23 - AUSTRALIA
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REMARKS The 2 territories are the Northern Territory, on the mainland,
and Norfolk Island, 29o02'S-167057PE. The Northern Territory
is divided into some 20 police districts that are used as
statistical units, but are not local government areas.
The capital territory includes the city of Canberra and a
relatively small surrounding area. No city other than
Canberra ranks as a first.-order civil division.
Throughout Australia, many functions exercised in other countries
by multipurpose administrative units are handled by ,-ad hoc
authorities responsible for "districts" that may include all or
part of several civil divisions.
Major urban areas often include numerous cities, towns, and
other types of units. For example, the Sydney metropolitan
area includes 2 cities (l. of which is Sydney) and some 35
municipalities.
REFERENCES Yearbook of the Commonwealth of Australia, Commonwealth Bureau of
Census and Statistics, Government. Printing Office, Canberra, 1955;
administrative relationships; names of some units.
Atlas of Australian Resources: State and Local Government Areas;
- -1 . . it-;-T e-i nn of
Regional Development, 1953; names, boundaries, and administrative
status of virtually all units. Call No. 55269.
Atlas of Australian Resources: Government, Department of National
Development, Canberra, 195+; administrative relationships; data
assembled to supplement above map. Call No. 55269 (Map Supplement).
Census of the Commonwealth of Australia, 30 June 1947, Vol. I,
Parts I to XVI, Detailed Tables, L.F. Johnston, Commonwealth
Government Printer, Canberra, 1951; names and administrative
status of units. Call No. 91'201-A81-
Indexes to Robinson's Quad Crown Series, H.E.C. Robinson Ltd.,
not dated; names and administrative status of units;
dney
S
,
y
pamphlets including lists of place names that supplement the
following Robinson state maps:
New South Wales Call No. 56915
Victoria 5525+
Queensland 56909
Western Australia 4+360
(Map supplement)
It It
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Section C
CENTRAL PACIFIC
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The Territory of Hawaii-is an incorporated territory of the United States
comprising the Hawaiian Archipelago and Palmyra Island. Midway Island, although
geographically within the Hawaiian Archipelago, is not part of the Territory of
Hawaii.*
Name and number of
FIRST-ORDER DIVISIONS
county:
5
1958
Name and number of
SECOND-ORDER DIVISIONS
city:
6
1950
town:
9
village: 72
REMARKS Honolulu County (legally "City and County of Honolulu") includes
Oahu and Palmyra islands and the small, uninhabited islands,
islets, and reefs that extend northwestward. from the main islands
of the Hawaiian Archipelago. Kalawao, although officially
designated and counted above as a county, consists only of the
Kalaupapa.leper settlement. For most purposes, including
representation in the Territorial Legislature, it is included
with Maui County.
Honolulu City has not been included among the 6 cities counted
as second-order divisions since its government is also a county
government.
The Territory is also.divided into 29 judicial districts. These
districts, however, do not have governments and are not considered
to be second-order administrative divisions..
Vol.. I
REFERENCES U.S. Bureau of the Census. U.S. Census of Population: 1950, ,.
Number of Inhabitants, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1952;
administrative relationships and names of units; county boundaries
shown on map at 1:7,500,000; boundaries of judicial districts, and
location of cities, towns, and villages on insets at 1:900,000.
Hawaiian Islands.; 1:250,000; 1954;; 5 sheets; names and boundaries
of counties; approximate limits (built-up areas) of cities, towns,
and larger villages. AMS W532.
General Information: Hawaii, U.S. Department of the Interior,
Office of Territories, Interior Duplicating Section, Washington,
1957; administrative relationships.
Hawaiian Islands; 1:5,000,000; 1954; county names and boundaries.
Map No. 12791.
*For Midway Island and other United States island possessions near Hawaii, see
CentralPacific Island Possessions of the United States, p. 26.
- 25 - HAWAII
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CENTRAL PACIFIC ISLAND POSSESSIONS
OF THE UNITED STATES
Excluding Hawaii, Guam,.American Samoa, the Trust Territory of the Pacific
Islands, and islands in condominium or disputed status.
Name and number of
FIRST-ORDER DIVISIONS
Name and number of
SECOND-ORDER DIVISIONS
REMARKS The administrative responsibility for the Central Pacific island
possessions.of the United States is divided between the Department
of the Navy and the Department of the Interior as indicated in the
following list of islands, located by geographic coordinates.
Department of the Navy
Midway 28?15'N-177?20'W
Wake 19?17'N-166?35'E
Johnston 16?45'N-165?30'W
Kingman 6?24'N-162024'W
Department of the Interior
Howland
O048'N-i76038'W
Baker
0?13'N-176?31'W
Jarvis
0022'S-160?03'W
None of the islands has civil divisions, as such, and only Wake
and Midway are normally inhabited. Administratively, the islands
are not part of the Territory of Hawaii, although the jurisdiction
of the District Court of Hawaii extends to them. It should be
noted, however, that for administrative purposes Kure Island
(near Midway) and Palmyra Island (near Kingman) are parts of
Hawaii.
Note: The data above were supplied by the Office of Territories, U.S. Department
of the Interior, February 1958; the map noted below is cited only as a.locational
reference.
REFERENCE Pacific Ocean; 1:27,500,000; National Geographic.ociety,
Washington, September-1952; includes insets.at 1:250,000
covering all of the islands except Johnston and Kingman.
- 26 - CENTRAL PACIFIC ISLAND .POSSESSIONS
OF THE UNITED STATES
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CANTON AND E,NDERBURY ISLANDS
United States and United Kingdom condominium; Canton Island: 2049'S-17104O'W;
Enderbury Island: 300#3'5-171005',Wa
Name and number of
FIRST-ORDER DIVISIONS
Name and number of
SECOND-ORDER DIVISIONS --
REMARKS A 1939 agreement, made without prejudice to the respective claims
of the two countries, placed the islands under joint United States-
United Kingdom control for 50 years. The seat of the joint adminis-
tra1ion is on Canton Island; there are no civil divisions, as such.
The administrative responsibilities of the United States come
under the Office of Territories, Department of the Interior. The
station manager of the Civil Aeronautics Administration now
represents the Department of the Interior and has. been designated
"United States Resident Administrator, Canton and Enderbury
Islands." The British part of the administration is handled
through the government of the Gilbert and.Ellice Islands Colony,
which is represented on Canton Island by a "District Officer."
Enderbury Island is normally uninhabited.
REFERENCES General Information: Canton and other Equatorial Islands, U.S.
Department of the interior, Office of Territories, Interior.
Duplicating Section, Washington, 1956; administrative relationships.
Colonial Re orts: Gilbert and Ellice Islands Colon and the
Central and Southern Line Islands 195 and 1955, Her Majesty's
Stationery Office, London, 1957; administrative relationships.
Pacific Ocean; 1:27,500,000; National Geographic Society,
Washington,.Sep 52; locational reference only; islands
shown on insets at 1:250,000.
- 27 - CANTON AND ENDER BURY ISLANDS
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PACIFIC ISLANDS CLAIMED BY THE UNITED STATES
Name and number of
FIRST-ORDER DIVISIONS
Name and number of
SECOND-ORDER DIVISIONS
THE UNITED KINGDOM
REMARKS Some of the Phoenix Islands, some of the Ellice Islands, and some
of the Line Islands are claimed by both the United States and the
United Kingdom.
Phoenix Islands
Birnie, 3?35'S-171?31'W
Gardner, 4O40ts-174?31tW
Hull, 4030'5.-172011'W
McKean, 3035'S--174004 'W
Phoenix, 3042'5-17Q043'W
Sydney, 4027tS-171016tW
Southern Ellice Islands
Line Islands
Funafuti, 8o30'S-1790o8tE
Christmas, 1?51'N-157?23'W
Nukufetau, 80001S-178?281E
Caroline, 9058'S-15O013tW
Nukulailai, 9023'S-179?51'E
Flint, 11?25'S-151.048tw
Nurakita, 1O?l.5'8-179?3O'E
Malden, 4?03'S-154?59'W
Starbuck, 5937'S-155?531W
Vostock, 10006'S--152?23tW
Canton and Enderbury Islands, which are geographically part of
the Phoenix Islands group, are in condominium status, and are
discussed under "Canton and Enderbury Islands," p. 27.
Of the Ellice and Line Islands groups, only those islands that
are in disputed status are listed above. Other islands in these
two island groups are included under the "Gilbert and Ellice
Islands, United Kingdom Crown Colony," p. 30. The islands are
also discussed in the "Note on Regional Authority,"' P- 3.
All. of the islands are sparsely populated or uninhabited, and
the United States maintains no administrative machinery for
them. The British view the islands as being administered by
their High Commissioner for the Western Pacific, either directly as in the case of the Line Islands, except Christmas -- or as parts
of three districts of the Gilbert and Ellice Islands Colony. The
actual control exercised by the United Kingdom over many of the
islands is difficult to ascertain.
]PACIFIC ISLANDS CLAIMED BY THE UNITED STATES
AND THE UNITED KINGDOM
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tERENCES Pacific Ocean; 1:27,500,000; National Geographic Society,
Washington., September 1952; locational reference only;
Christmas Island is shown on an inset at 1:1,000,000.
U.S. Bureau of the Census. Statistical Abstract of the United
States: 1956) 77th ed., Government Printing Office, Washington,
195; list of islands to which the United States reserves rights
and claims, p. 7-
Colonial Reorts: Gilbert and Ellice Islands Colon and the Central
and. Southern Line Islands 19 .and 1955, Her Majesty?s. Stationery
Office, London, 1957, United Kingdom interpretation of administrative
relationships (data on the central and southern Line Islands are
limited to a page note).
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GILBERT AND ELLICE ISLANDS COLONY
(United Kingdom Crown Colony)
Name and number of
FIRST-ORDER DIVISIONS district: 4
1956
Name and number of
SECOND-ORDER DIVISIONS
REMARKS The Gilbert and Ellice Islands Colony is under the British High
Commissioner for the Western Pacific, whose administrative
responsibilities are described on p. 3.
The British view the colony as including Ocean Island, the Gilbert
and Ellice Islands, the Phoenix Islands (except Canton and Enderbury),
and three of the Line Islands (Washington, Fanning, and Christmas).
Numerous islands within the scope of this interpretation, however,
are claimed by the United States (see Pacific Islands Claimed by
the United States and the United Kingdom, p.28 ). The actual amount
of control exercised by the United Kingdom over many of the
islands is undetermined.
Until recently, the British regarded,the Gilbert and Ellice
Islands Colony as comprising 5 districts: Ocean Island, Gilbert
Islands, Ellice Islands, Phoenix Islands, and the Line Islands.
On 1 January 1956, however, the Gilbert and Ellice districts were
merged to form a single unit under a district officer at Tarawa.
The individual islands comprising the island groups are, in. effect,
second-order civil divisions.
REFERENCES Pacific Ocean; 1:27,500,000; National Geographic Society, Washington,
September 1952; locational reference only; the representation of
island group names makes the district pattern relatively clear.
U.S. Bureau of the Census. Statistical Abstract of the United
States: 1956, 77 ed., Government Printing Office, Washington,
195 list of islands to which the United States reserves rights
and claims, p. 7.
Colonial Reports: Gilbert and Ellice Islands Colony and the
Central and Southern Line Islands 195 and 1.955, Her Majesty's
Stationery Office, London, 1957; United Kingdom interpretation
of administrative relationships.
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PACIFIC ISLANDS CLAIMED BY THE
UNITED STATES AND NEW ZEA
Name and number of
FIRST-ORDER DIVISIONS
Name and number of
SECOND-ORDER DIVISIONS
REMARKS Islands claimed by both the United States and New Zealand are
noted below:
Tokelau Islands (Union Group) Northern Cook Islands
Atafu, 8034'S-172030'W Danger, 1O?551S-16505i'W
Fukaofu, 9?23'S-171?15'W Manihiki, 10024'S-161001'W
Nukunono, 9?12'S-171?55'W Rakahanga, 10003'S-161?O6'W
Tongareva (Penrhyn), 9?00'S-150000'W
At present, the United States maintains no administrative
machinery for either the Tokelau Islands or the Northern Cook
Islands.
New Zealand sources note somewhat contradictorily that the Tokelau
Islands are administered from Western Samoa (New Zealand Trust
Territory) as a"matter of convenience" although they have
no political connection with the Territory of Western Samoa."
The actual control exercised by New Zealand appears to be slight
since there was no European administrative staff in the islands,
as of 1956. Reportedly, traditional patriarchal authority has
been largely preserved.
Islands of the Northern Cook group are viewed by New Zealand as
being administrative components of the Cook. Islands -- a New
Zealand "island territory" -- (see p. 36 ). New Zealand sources
indicate that in the Northern Cook Islands there are 3 or 4
"island councils" (local government bodies performing first.-order
civil division functions, presumably) that send representatives
to the annual meetings of the "Legislative Council of the Cook
Islands" in Rarotonga. How much of this structure is actual
and how much is theoretical cannot be determined from data on
hand.
REFERENCES Pacific Ocean; 1:27,500,000; National Geographic Society,
Washington, September 1952; locational reference only.
U.S. Bureau of the Census. Statistical Abstract of the United
States: 1956, 77 ed., Government Printing Office, Washington,
1.956; list of islands to which the United States reserves rights
and claims, p. 7.
New Zealand Official Yearbook, New Zealand Department of Statistics,
R. E. Owen, Government Printer, Wellington, 1956; New Zealand
interpretation of administrative relationships.
PACIFIC ISLANDS CLAIMED BY THE
UNITED STATES AND NEW ZEALAND
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Section D
SOUTHWEST PACIFIC
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EASTER AND SALA.Y G6MEZ ISLANDS
Easter Island, 27?10'S-109?20'W, and Sala y Gomez, 26?28'S-105?28'W, are
Chilean possessions.
Name and number of
FIRST-ORDER DIVISIONS
Name and number of
SECOND-ORDER DIVISIONS
REMARKS Although the islands are regarded by Chile as "part of the
national territory," administrative arrangements pertaining
to them are somewhat cloudy. A February 1954 report notes
that the islands are administered locally by a naval commander
who is responsible through the Subsecretariat of the Navy to
the Ministry of National Defense. A press report of August 1954,
however, indicates that Easter Island "will be made" a new
municipal district of Valparaiso Province, and will be directed
by an administrator (naval officer ?) appointed by the President
of Chile. Having only some 600 inhabitants, Easter Island is
not densely populated enough to require civil divisions;
Sala y Gomez is normally uninhabited.
REFERENCES ONI Information Report, Chile Militar Control of Easter
Island; U.S. Naval Attache, Santiago, No. 18-U-54, 8 Feb 54;
administrative relationships.
Pacific Ocean; 1:27,500,000; National Geographic Society,
Washington, September 1952; locational reference only;
includes 1:500,000 inset of Easter Island.
GAPS The way in which the administration of Easter Island fits into
the structure of the Chilean Government needs clarification.
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PITCAIRN ISLANDS GROUP
(United Kingdom Crown Colony)
The group includes Pitcairn, Henderson, Ducie, and Oeno islands, of which
only Pitcairn is inhabited.
Name.and number of
FIRST-ORDER DIVISIONS
Name and number of
SECOND-ORDER DIVISIONS REMARKS The population (some 140 people) is not large enough to require
civil divisions. The locally elected island council reports to
the British Colonial Office through the Governor of-Fiji.
REFERENCES
Pacific Ocean; 1:27,500,000; National Geographic Society,
Washington, September 1952; location of the 4 islands;
Pitcairn Island is shown on an inset at 1:250,0000
Colonial Office List, Her Majesty's Stationery Office, London,
195 administrative relationships.
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FRENCH POLYNESIA
French Polynesia -- La Polynesie Fran9aise (formerly Etablissements Franrais
de 1'Oceanie) -- is a territory of the French Union. The territory comprises the
Marquesas, Society, Gambier, Tubuai, and Tuamotu islands. Normally uninhabited
Clipperton Island some 600 miles off the coast of Mexico is also administered, if
only technically, as part of French Polynesia.
Name and number of
FIRST-ORDER DIVISIONS circonscriptian (circumscription): 6
1956
Name and number of
SECOND-ORDER DIVISIONS district: ca. 60
1956
REMARKS The Governor of French. Polynesia functions under the general
direction of the French High Commissioner of the Republic for
the.Pacific. The role of the High Commissioner is discussed
briefly on p. 3?
Reference materials published during the last 10 years vary
considerably in giving the number of circonscri tp ions and
grouping the islands that form them. Apparently, the current
grouping for the 6 circonscri t~ ions noted above is as follows
(names in French): 71 lies du Vent (Tahiti, Moorea, etc.)
and (2) lies sous le Vent (Bora Bora, Raiatea, etc.) in the
Society Islands; (3) Iles Gambier (Mangareva, etc.), together
with some of the islands of the Tuamoto group; (ii) Iles Tuamoto;
(5) Iles Australes (the Tubai Islands, including Rapa); and
(6) Iles Marquises (the Marquesas).
Tahiti apparently has some 17 districts; elsewhere a district
generally is an individual island or small group of islands.
Administration at the district level is largely in the hands of
indigenous authorities.
The islands of French Polynesia are widely scattered and many of
the more remote ones are visited very infrequently by European
officials. Thus, arrangements pertaining to the outlying islands
are to a considerable extent theoretical.
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REFERENCES Dictionnaire des Communes, Aditions Berger-Levrault, Paris,
1956; administrative relationships; names of circor}scri tions
and some of the districts. Call No. g.A002.B4 195 6.
Bottin de Madagascar des Territoires d'Amerigue et d'Oceanie,
Didot-Bottin, Paris, 1957; administrative relationships.
Iles de la Societe et Makatea; 1:200,000; l'Institut Geographique
National, not dated; names and boundaries of the districts of
Tahiti. Call No. 95+36.
Society Islands, Aeronautical Planning Chart (AP-23), Aeronautical
Chart and Information Service, 1955; locational reference only
(covers all islands except a few of the southernmost).
GAPS Additional data are needed on all aspects of the administrative
system.
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COOK ISLANDS
Cook Islands are a New Zealand."island territory". The main islands are
centered near 20?O0'8-15$?00'W.
Name and number of
FIRST-ORDER DIVISIONS island [seat of an "island council"]: 6*
Name and number of
SECOND-ORDER.DIVISIONS
REMA The New Zealand interpretation of the limits of the Cook Islands
includes . Danger,Manihili,?Rakahanga, and Tongareva (Penrhyn)
islands. These islands, however, are claimed by the United States.
For data-on their administration, see Pacific Islands Claimed by
the United States and New Zealand,: p. 31.
The main islands with "island councils" are, in effect, first-order
civil divisions. "Island councils" reportedly elect representatives
to the annual meetings of the "Legislative Council of.the Cook
Islands" held in Rarotonga. Apparently, there are no second-order
civil divisions.
REFERENCES New.Zealand Official Yearbook, New Zealand Department of Statistics,
R.E..4wen, Government-Printer, Wellington, 1956; number of units,
names can be inferred from list of island names; administrative
relationships.
U.S. Bureau of the Census. Statistical Abstract of the United
State"6~, 77 ed., Government Printing Office,.Washington,
1959) list of islands to which the United States reserves rights
and claims, p. 7.
Pacific Ocean; 1:27,500,000; National Geographic Society, Washington,
September 1952j locational reference only; three of the more
important islands are shown on insets at 1;500,OOOo
GAPS
No map coverage for civil division boundaries appears to be
available.
'According to New Zealand sources, there are 10 "island councils". However,
3-or 4 comprise islands. claimed by the United States.
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Niue, 19?q2,S-169052'W, is a New Zealand "'island territory".
Name and number of
FIRST-ORDER DIVISIONS.
Name and number of
SECOND-ORDER DIVISIONS
REMARKS The island is administered by a Resident Commissioner who is
responsible to the New Zealand Department of Island Territories.
.The population (some 1+,700 in 1955) is hardly large enough to
require administrative units. However, the 12 villages of the
island might be regarded as civil divisions since each is
represented in a local government body called the "island
council."
F'ERENCES New, Zealand Official Yearbook, New Zealand Department of
Statistics, R.E. Owen, Government Printer, Wellington,. 1956;
administrative relationships.
Pacific Ocean; 1:27,500,000; National Geographic. Society,
Washington, September 1952; locational reference only;
includes 1:1,000,000 inset of Niue on which the 12 villages
are located and named.
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AMERICAN SAMOA
American Samoa is a United States unincorporated territory including the
main island" -- Tutuila, 11+?17'S-170041rW -- and also Swains, Ofu, Qlosega, Tau,
Sand, Rose, Saole, Pola, and Taputapu islands.
Name and number of
FIRST-ORDER.DIVISIQNS district: 5
1950
Name and number of
SECOND-ORDER DIVISIONScounty: 16
1950
REMARKS Swains Islands District (population 164) has no counties, nor
does the uninhabited Rose Island District. The main island,
Tutuila, is divided into 2 districts: Eastern (6 counties) and
Western (5 counties). The other 5 counties form the Manua
District on Tau and nearby islands. All of the 70-odd settlements,
including Pago Pago, rank as villages (third-order units).
REFERENCE U.S. Bureau of the Census. U.S0 Census of Population: 1250,
Vol. I, Number of Inhabitants, Chapter 54: American Samoa,
Canal Zone, Guam, and Virgin Islands of the U.S.", Government
Printing Office, Washington, 1951; names of all units, first-
through third-order, in hierarchic outline; includes maps at
1:225,000 showing county and district boundaries.
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WESTERN SAMOA.
(United Nations Trust Territory: New Zealand)
The trust territory includes the islands of Savai'i (13o)+0'5-172020'W)
Upoau, Manono, and Apolima.
Name and number of
FIRST-ORDER DIVISIONS district: 12
1944-54
Name and number of
SECOND-ORDER DIVISIONS subdistrict: 13
191+1+-54
REMARKS The trusteeship agreement pertaining to the territory was approved
by the General Assembly of the United Nations,13 December 1946.
It defined the territory as comprising-"... the islands of Upola,
Savai'i, Manono, And Apolima, together with all other islands and
rocks adjacent thereto."
New Zealand sources note somewhat contradictorily that the Tokelau
Islands are administered from Western Samoa as a "smatter of
convenience" although they have ".- no political connection with
the Territory of Western.Samoa." For further data on the Takelau
Islands, see Pacific Islands Claimed by the United States and
New Zealand, p. 31.
Present civil divisions in Western Samoa are based in part on
ancient chiefdoms. Since the patterns are quite complicated
and are not made completely clear by available data, the unit
totals given above are approximate at best.
Upolu Island has 3 districts and, apparently, 10 subdistricts,
whereas Savai'i Island has 9 districts but, as far as can be
determined, only 3 subdistricts. One source refers to an."Apia
municipal district" of subdistrict rank comprising Apia (the
only real town in Western Samoa) and vicinity. Since this is
not shown on reference (a), however, it has not been included in
the subdistrict total given above. Satupaitea District on.Savai'i
.Island is apparently divided into 3 subdistricts. The small
islands of Apolima and Manono are part of Aana.District, Upolu
Island.
REFERENCES (a) o1u; 1:100,000; Lands and Survey Department, Western
Samoa; 1953; names and boundaries of districts and subdistricts.
Call No. 1020890
(b) Savaii; 1:100,000; lands and Survey Department, Western
Samoa; 1954; names and boundaries of districts and subdistricts.
Call No. 102088.
Note: Similar maps also available as GSGS 1+299, 191+2.
GAPS
The cited reference maps have many inadequacies; additional data
are needed on all aspects of the administrative system.
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TONGA ISLANDS
(Constitutional Monarchy)
The.Tonga Islands are under British protection. They comprise some 150
islands and islets between. 180 and 2205 and between 1730 and 176?W.
Name and number of
FIRST-ORDER DIVISIONS [isl n.d group]: 3
1955
Name and number of
SECOND-ORDER DIVISIONS
RREMAR
REFERENCES
GAPS
The islands fall into 3 main groups W- .Vtva'u, Ha'apai, and
Tongatapu -?- of which 2 (Vava'u and Hq,'apai) are referred to
in reference (a) as havi.n.g governors. Whether, the southernmost
group, Tongatapu, also has a governor is a moot questions
Therefore, the status of Tongatapu as a possible first-order
division is also open. to question., but it has been counted as
one in the total given above. Some of the smaller islands
are, in effect, second-order divisions, on the larger islands,
villagesappear to be second.-order divisions.
In 1952, the responsibilities of the High Commissioner for the
Western Pacific in. connection with the Kingdom of Tonga were
transferred to the Governor of Fiji, who acts through. the British
Agent and Consul. In, Tonga.
(a) Biennial _ReortTon?~15 and 120P Her Majesty's
Stationery Off ice, London, 1.956; .tr?ative relationships;
includes a 1:2,000,000 map of the Tonga Islands (no boundaries)
(b) . The Colonial Office List, Her Nary, jesty's Stationery Office,
London, 195 - dmina.r-trati.ve :rele,tion.ahipe a
Several aspects of the administrative system are not made clear
by available data and, apparently, no maps showing current civil
division boundaries are available..
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UVEA (WALLIS) AND FUTUNA ISLANDS
(French Protectorate)
The protectorate includes the Uvea (Wallis) Islands at 13o17'S?.1.76o10'W,
together with adjacent islets, and, some 14.0 miles southwest of Uvea, the Futuna
and Alofi islands, which lie near 1.4020'Sw1.78000'W.
Name and number of
FIRST-ORDER DIVISIONS
1945
Uvea Wallis)
district: 3
Futuna,and Aloft
district: 2
Name and number of
SECOND-ORDER DIVISIONS Uvea (Wallis)
1945 village: 16
Futuna and Aloft
village: 9
REMARKS The islands are administered ultimately from New Caledonia by
} the French High Commissioner of the Republic for the Pacific
(see p. 3 ), who is represented locally by a resident administrator
with headquarters at Mata --u:tu on Uvea (Wallis) Island.
Local administration is largely in the hands of indigenous
authorities with some direction from French officials and
missionaries. The 3 districts of Uvea are In effect subdivisions
of a "kingdom", whereas the 2 of Futuna and Aloft are more or
less independent chieftanships.
REFERENCES
NI:D.Geographical Handbook:, Pacific Islands,, Vol. III, "Western
Pacific", London, 1945; administrative relationships; names and
boundaries of districts shown on maps at 1:200,000 (Uvea, p. 277)
and 1:600,000 (Futuna and Alofi, p. 291).
Bottin de Marla ascar. des Territoires d'Americue et d'Oceanie,
Didot-Bottin, Paris, 1957; administrative relationships.
UVEA (WALLIS) AND FUTUNA ISLANDS
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(United Kingdom Crown Colony)
The main island of the Fiji group is Viti Levu, 18?OO'5-178?00'Ei the colony
includes the Rotuma Islands some 350 miles north of the. main group. The islands
of Tonga are separated from those of Fiji by meridian 176?30'W.
Name and number of
FIRST:ORDER DIVISIONS district: 3
[headed by a district commissioner]
[special area]: 1
(Rotuma Islands)
Dame and number of
SECOND-ORDER DIVISIONS
province:
14
district:
7
(Rotuma Islands
REMARKS The Governor of Fiji also has some general administrative
responsibilities for Tonga (see p. 40 ) and Pitcairn Island
(see p. 33 ).
The provinces are based on old tribal boundaries and, together
with their subdivisions, form an elaborate organizational
structure that is, however, applicable only to the Fijian
population -- about 42 percent of the colony total.. For the
remainder of the population (I n.dians form.48 percent of the
colony total, other groups 10 percent) there are no second-order
civil divisions.
A number of towns have municipal councils, but no urban areas
rank as first-.. or second.-order civil divisions.
Although part of the Colony of Fiji, the isolated Rotuma Islands
are administered under a different arrangement than that applicable
to Fiji proper.
REFERENCES Colonial. Re Reports. Fi i_1222, Her Majesty's Stati?nery Office,
London, 1507; administrative relationships; names and seats
of first-order districts; includes 1:1,500,000 map showing
district boundaries.
Constitutional Development .i.n the_Common~~alth;, Part II, United
Kingdom Dependencies, Reference Divisi.on,Central Office of
Information, London, 1955; administrative relationships.
V.iti Levu and Adjacent Islands: Colony of Fiji; 1:126,720;
Lands Department, Fiji ,reproduced by Ordnance Survey), 1954.
names and boundaries of provinces.
Vanua Levu and Ad ace:t Islands :_Colon, of Fi ? i; 1-:126,720;
Director of Lands, Mines, and Surveys, Fiji, 19 8; names
and boundaries of provinces.
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General limits without regard to Antarctic claims include North Island, South
Island, and the Stewart and Chatham offshore island groups, togeth.er with eight
distant islands or island groups.
Name and number of
FIRST-ORDER DIVISIONS
1956
county: 129
borough: 114.
independent town district: 21
Name and number of
SECOND-ORDER DIVISIONS dependent town district*:
1956
REMARKS The two offshore island groups (Stewart and Chatham) are
administrative counties. Certain other islands (Solander, Three
Kings, Snares, Bounty, Antipodes, Auckland, Campbell, and Kermadec)
that are some distance removed from New Zealand proper do not fit
into the county pattern, but are nevertheless regarded as integral
parts of the country. Although these islands are normally
uninhabited, ir. '_956 there were manned-radio and weather stations
on Campbell Island and on :Raul Island of the Kermadec group. New
Zealand also administers or shares in the administration of certain
other islands in the South Pacific, for example, Cook Islands
(see p. 36) and Western Samoa (see p. 39). This, however, is
special administration, exercised through the Department of Island.
Territories.
The 9 former provinces or provincial districts are still shown on
many maps, but they no longer have governments and are not regarded
by New Zealand sources as first-order units.
A borough with 20,000 or more people may be proclaimed a city,
although its corporate status remains unaltered. Boroughs do not
appear. to have subdivisions that can be :regarded as second-order
units, nor are the independent town districts subdivided into
second-order units, Several urban areas fall within more than
one borough. For example, the Auckland urban area includes some
18 boroughs (1 of which is Auckland City), 1 town district, and
some county areas.
Throughout New Zealand, many public services (road work., pest
control, water supply, etc.) are provided -by ad hoc authorities
for. "districts" that may comprise a single civil division or all
or part of several civil divisions.
Fiord County (practically uninhabited) has no council.
*These units, responsible to county authorities, are declining in number and
no new ones are to be formed.
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REFERENCES New Zealand Official Year Book, New Zealand Department of Statistics,
R.E. Owen, Government Printer, Wellington, 1956; names of units;
administrative relationships.
Local Authorities Handbook of New Zealand, New Zealand Department
of Statistics, R.E. Owen, Government Printer,. Wellington, 1956;
names of units administrative relationships.
New Zealand, 1:2,000,000, 1956; county boundaries. Map No. 13652.
Maps of Urban Areas, New Zealand. Census and Statistics Department,
R.E. Owen, Government Printer, Wellington, 1952; boundaries of
some 1i0 boroughs and a few town districts. Call No. aK1Ol.N41
1952.
GAPS Map coverage for 'boundaries of boroughs and town districts is
incomplete.
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FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
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