MAP RESEARCH BULLETIN

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP79-01005A000200010004-9
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: R
• Document Page Count: 36
• Document Creation Date: November 9, 2016
• Document Release Date: March 26, 1999
• Sequence Number: 4
• Publication Date: March 1, 1952
• Content Type: BULL

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SECURITY INFORMATION
MAP RESEARCH BULLETIN
CIA/RR MR - 31
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CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
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WARNING
This material contains information affecting
the national defense of the United States
within the meaning of the espionage laws.
Title 18, USG, Secs. 793 and 794, the trans-
mission or revelation of which in any manner
to an unauthorized person is prohibited by law.
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Security Information
CIA/RR MR-31
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
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II. List of Political Entities of the World . . . . . . . 5
III. New Issue of Bartholomew's Middle and Near East . . . 25
IV. Brief Notices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
A. Administrative Boundary Maps of the Soviet
Zone of Germany . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
B. A Motor Road in Soviet Central Asia . . . . . . . 29
C. A New Volume on Surveying and Mapping in Ceylon . 30
D. Maps of the Territoires of the Belgian Congo. . . 31
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Following Page
Erratum in CIA/RR MR-30
Page 7, line 2:
For 1:100,000 read 1:1,000,000
This bulletin has not been coordinated with the intelligence
organizations of the Departments of State, the Army, the Navy,
and the Air Force.
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The accompanying list of political entities of the world has
been compiled as an aid in the preparation of maps. The term "po-
litical entity" as used here designates any unit which in common
cartographic practice is indicated by a country name or is separated
from surrounding units by an international or intercolonial bound-
ary. The entities are arranged alphabetically by continent with two
exceptions: Australia, together with many Pacific island groups,
is included under the term "Southwest Pacific"; and the USSR is
listed separately from Europe and Asia. This list differs some-
what from other lists prepared by US Government agencies for such
special purposes as the determination of immigration quota areas or
the marking of imported goods by country of origin. It is believed,
however, that the present list complies with current official poli-
cies with respect to the preparation of maps. The entities are
classified into five general types, as regards political status, as
follows:
1. Independent states.
Each entity that is sovereign or independent in greater or less
degree is preceded by an asterisk. Members of the (British) Com-
monwealth of Nations that are fully self-governing are so indicated,
as are associated states of the French Union. Mongolia (Outer
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Mongolia) is also included in this category, although its name is not
preceded by an asterisk. Seventy-nine entities are listed as inde-
pendent.
2. States under military occupation.
Austria, Germany, and Japan are in this category. The names of
the occupying nations follow each entity.
3. States having special treaty relations with some larger
state.
Some entities have a statue approximating independence but are
bound to another state by treaties or other arrangements of long
standing. In some cases the relationship is similar to that of a
protectorate, although it may not be so termed officially. The term
"special treaty relations," as used here, refers principally to ar-
rangements that restrict the state in the formulation and conduct of
its foreign policy. Arrangements regarding economic unions, econom-
ic assistance, or the performance of routine governmental functions
are not regarded as special treaty relations. The satellites of the
USSR are not included. The list includes a total of 15 states hav-
ing special treaty relations.1
1. Each of the sheikhdoms of Trucial Oman is counted as a separate
entity.
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4. Territories under interim administration.
The former Italian colony of Eritrea, the Free Territory of
Trieste, and certain outlying Japanese islands, grouped together as
one entity, are included in this category. Three political entities
fall within this type.
5. Dependencies.
All other entities are dependencies of one or more states or
are governed under international agreements. Such dependencies are
colonies, protectorates, protected states, territories, condominiums,
international zones, trust territories, and mandated territories.
The status of each dependency usually is given after its name, fol-
lowed by the name of the mother country or, for a trust territory,
the name of the administering nation. The terms used to indicate
status are those applied by the governing country. No attempt is
made to define these terms, because in practice the definitions vary
between entities. Antarctica and its adjacent islands are omitted,
since the United States does not recognize any Antarctic claims.
The list includes 103 dependencies.
The information on political status is included because it is
of possible general interest and assistance to map compilers. In
most cases it is not necessary or desirable to include on a map all
of the information given. On general maps it is not customary to
distinguish among types 1, 3, and 4. Neither are the colonies,
protectorates, territories, or other dependencies of type 5 usually
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designated as such. If the political status of a dependency is to be
designated, it is usually sufficient to give the name of the mother
country in parentheses beneath or beside the entity name. The trust
territories differ from most of the others, however, in that they are
not under the sovereignty of the administering states. It is there-
fore desirable to designate a trust territory by a notation in pa-
rentheses beneath or beside the territory name, such as (Trust Ter-
ritory--United Kingdom). Occupation zones for the states of type 2
may be shown or omitted according tc the purpose of the map.
AFRICA
Algeria
Algiers
Constantine Overseas departments, France
Oran
Territories of the South. Overseas territories, France
Anglo-Egyptian Sudan. Condominium, United Kingdom and Egypt
Angola, including Cabinda. Colony, Portugal
Basutoland.) Colony, United Kingdom
Bechuanaland.' Protectorate, United Kingdom
Belgian Congo. Colony, Belgium
1. Basutoland, Bechuanaland, and Swaziland are also referred to as
High Commission territories, since they are administered under the
British High Commissioner resident in Cape Town.
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British Somaliland. Protectorate, United Kingdom
Cameroons. Trust territory, France
Cameroons. Trust territory, United Kingdom
Cape Verde Islands. Colony, Portugal
Comoro Islands. Overseas territory, France
`Egypt. (See footnote 3, p. 16.)
Eritrea. To be federated with Ethiopia not later than 15
September 1952. Interim administration, United Kingdom
*Ethiopia
French Equatorial Africa. Federation of overseas territories,
France
French Somaliland. Overseas territory, France
French West Africa. Federation of overseas territories, France
Gambia. Colony and protectorate, United Kingdom
Gold Coast. Colony and protectorate, United Kingdom
Ifni. Territory, Spain1
Italian Somaliland. Trust territory, Italy
Kenya. Colony and protectorate, United Kingdom
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*Liberia
*Lib ya l
Madagascar, including Crozet Islands, Kerguelen Islands, and
Amsterdam and St. Paul islands. Overseas territory, France
Mauritius, including Chagos Archipelago and Rodriguez Island.
Colony, United Kingdom
Morocco
Morocco (French Zone). Protectorate, France
Spanish Morocco (five Spanish possessions on the
Mediterranean coast and the northern zone of the
Spanish protectorate in Morocco)2
Tangier. International zone
Mozambique. Colony, Portugal
Nigeria. Colony and protectorate, United Kingdom
Northern Rhodesia. Protectorate, United Kingdom
Nyasaland. Protectorate, United Kingdom
Portuguese Guinea. Colony, Portugal
Reunion. Overseas department, France
Ruanda-Urundi. Trust territory, Belgium
St. Helena, including Ascension, Tristan de Cunha, and Gough
Islands. Colony, United Kingdom
Sao Tome and Principe. Colony, Portugal
1. The independence of Libya was proclaimed on 24+ December 1951.
2. The US Government has not recognized the Spanish protectorate in
Morocco, although Spanish Morocco has long been shown on US maps.
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Seychelles Islands, including the Seychelles, Amirante Islands,
Assumption Island, and other small islands.
Colony, United Kingdom
Sierra Leone. Colony and protectorate, United Kingdom
South-West Africa, for administrative purposes, including
Walvis Bay, which is legally part of the Union of South
Africa. Administered by Union of South Africa under terms
of mandate
Southern Rhodesia. Self-governing colony, United Kingdom
Spanish Guinea (the mainland territory of Rio Muni and Fernando
Po, Annobon, and other adjacent islands). Colony, Spain
Spanish Sahara (the area north of 27ol+0'N is referred to in
some Spanish sources as the "southern zone of the Spanish
protectorate in Morocco"). (See footnotes 1, p.9, and 2,
p. 10.) Colony and protectorate, Spain
Swaziland. (See footnote 1, p. 8.) Protectorate, United
Kingdom
Tanganyika. Trust territory, United Kingdom
Togo. Trust territory, France
Togoland. Trust territory, United Kingdom
Tunisia. Protectorate, France
Uganda. Protectorate, United Kingdom
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*Union of South Africa. Self-governing member, (British) Com-
monwealth of Nations
Zanzibar (Zanzibar and Pemba Islands). Protectorate, United
Kingdom
AMERICAS
Northern America
Alaska. Territory, United States
Bermuda. Colony, United Kingdom
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St. Pierre and Miquelon. Overseas territory, France
*United States of America
Middle Americal
Bahama Islands. Colony, United Kingdom
Barbados. Colony, United Kingdom
British Honduras. Colony, United Kingdom
Canal Zone. United States jurisdiction and administration
*Costa Rica
*Cuba
1. In addition to the US territory listed under Middle America, some
other islands, rocks, and keys are US possessions or are considered
as appertaining to the United States. The United States also holds
a lease to, or has agreements with other American States regarding,
certain islands.
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Dominica.1 Colony, United Kingdom
*Dominican Republic
*El Salvador
Grenada.1 Colony, United Kingdom
Guadeloupe, including St. Barthelemy, Marie-Galante, and
part of St. Martin Island. Overseas department, France
*Guatemala
*Haiti
*Honduras
Jamaica, including Turks and Caicos islands and Cayman
Islands. Colony, United Kingdom
Leeward Islands (British Virgin Islands, Anguilla, Antigua,
Barbuda, St. Christopher, Nevis, and Montserrat).
Colony, United Kingdom
Martinique. Overseas department, France
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Netherlands West Indies (Aruba, Bonaire, Curajao, Saba,
St. Eustatius, and part of St. Martin). Territory,
Netherlands
*Nicaragua
*Panama
1. Although the four islands of Dominica, Grenada, St. Lucia, and
St. Vincent are separate colonies, they are referred to collectively
as the Windward Islands, and in some respects they have a common
administration.
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Puerto Rico. Unincorporated territory, United States
St. Lucia.1 Colony, United Kingdom
St. Vincent.l Colony, United Kingdom
Trinidad and Tobago. Colony, United Kingdom
Virgin Islands. Unincorporated territory, United States
South America
*Argentina
*Bolivia
*Brazil
British Guiana. Colony, United Kingdom
*Chile
*Colombia
*Ecuador, including Galapagos Islands
Falkland Islands, Colony, United Kingdom
French Guiana. Overseas department, France
*Paraguay
*Peru
Surinam (Netherlands Guiana). Territory, Netherlands
*Uruguay
*Venezuela
1. Although the four islands of Dominica, Grenada, St. Lucia, and
St. Vincent are separate colonies, they are referred to collectively
as the Windward Islands, and in some respects they have a common
administration.
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ASIA (excluding the USSR)
Aden, consisting of (1) Aden colony, including the town of
Aden and vicinity, Perim Island, and the Kuria Muria
Islands, and (2) Aden protectorate, including mainland
sultanates and sheikhdoms and Socotra Island with islands
adjacent to Socotra. United Kingdom
*Afghanistan
Bahrein. Special treaty relations, United Kingdom
Bhutan. Special treaty relations, India
Brunei. Protected state, United Kingdom
*Burma
*Cambodia. Associated state, French Union
*Ceylon. Self-governing member, (British) Commonwealth of
Nations
*China, including so-called "China Proper," Manchuria, Sinkiang,
Tibet, and Taiwan (Formosa).1 (See also footnote 3, p.
17.)
Cyprus. Colony, United Kingdom
1. The legal status of Taiwan in relation to China is apparently
not settled. According to the Cairo Declaration of 194-3, Taiwan
was to be "returned" to China. The Japanese Peace Treaty, signed on
8 September 1951, provides that "Japan renounces all right, title,
and claim to Formosa...." Taipei is the seat of the Nationalist
Government.
By agreements between the Chinese and Soviet Governments signed
14 August 1945, it was provided that Port Arthur and the adjacent
area should become a naval base under joint Soviet and Chinese con-
trol for a 30-year period and that Dairen should become a free port.
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French Establishments of India, including Pondichery, Karikal,
Mahe, and Yanaon. Overseas territory, France
Hong Kong. Colony, United Kingdom
*India.l Self-governing member, (British) Commonwealth of
Nations
*Indonesia
*Iran
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*Irag2
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1. The ultimate status of the state of Jammu and Kashmir in rela-
tion to India and Pakistan is undetermined.
2. Iraq and Saudi Arabia have equal rights in a neutral zone between
the two countries.
3. Armistice demarcation lines separating the military forces of
Israel from those of Egypt, Jordan, Syria, and Lebanon were estab-
lished by agreements of 1948 between those countries. These lines
serve as the present effective boundaries of Israel, but the question
of the final boundaries in former Palestine has not been determined.
Undecided questions include the final determination of the status of
Jerusalem, the so-called Gaza strip, and the various demilitarized
zones along the demarcation lines.
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*Jordan (the area formerly called Trans Jordan and a portion of
cation line) 1
Kuwait.2 Special treaty relations, United Kingdom
*Laos. Associated state, French Union
*Lebanonl
Macau. Colony, Portugal
Malaya, Federation of. Federated state, United Kingdom
Maldive Islands. Protected state, United Kingdom
Mongolia (Outer Mongolia)3
Muscat and Oman, including the town of Gwadar on the north
coast of the Gulf of Oman, and the northern extremity of
the Musandam Peninsula. Special treaty relations, United
Kingdom
1. Armistice demarcation lines separating the military forces of
Israel from those of Egypt, Jordan, Syria, and Lebanon were estab-
lished by agreements of 19+8 between those countries. These lines
serve as the present effective boundaries of Israel, but the ques-
tion of the final boundaries in former Palestine has not been deter-
mined. Undecided questions include the final determination of the
status of Jerusalem, the so-called Gaza strip, and the various de-
militarized zones along the demarcation lines.
2. Kuwait and Saudi Arabia have equal rights in a neutral zone be-
tween the two countries.
3. The US Government has not recognized the so-called "Mongolian
Peoples Republic." For some administrative purposes, Mongolia is
considered as a part of China by US Government agencies.
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*Nepal
Netherlands New Guinea. Netherlands. Discussions are con-
tinuing between the Indonesian and Netherlands Governments
concerning its ultimate disposition.
North Borneo. Colony, United Kingdom
*Pakistan. (See footnote 1, p. 16.) Self-governing member,
(British) Commonwealth of Nations
*Philippines
Portuguese India (Goa, Damao, and Diu). Colony, Portugal
Portuguese Timor. Colony, Portugal
Qatar. Special treaty relations, United Kingdom
Sarawak. Colony, United Kingdom
*Saudi Arabia. (See footnote 2, p. 16, and footnote 2, p. 17.)
Singapore. Colony, United Kingdoml
*Syria. (See footnote 1, p. 17.)
*Thailand
Trucial Oman, including the following separate sheikhdoms:
Sharjah, Ras al Khaimah, Umm al Qawain, Ajman, Dibai, Abu
Dhabi, Kalba. Each has special treaty relations with the
United Kingdom.
1. The Australian Government announced on 22 June 1951 that the
Government of the United Kingdom had agreed to transfer sovereignty
of the Cocos or Keeling Islands to Australia. Administration of the
islands will remain with the Government of Singapore until the
official transfer occurs.
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*Turkey
*Vietnam. Associated state, French Union
*Yemen
EUROPE (excluding the USSR)
*Albania
Andorra. Special treaty relations, France and Spanish Bishop
of Urgel
Austria. Occupation zones: United States, United Kingdom,
USSR, and France
*Belgium
*Bulgaria
*Czechoslovakia
*Denmarkl
*Finland2
*France
Free Territory of Trieste. Interim administration: United
States and United Kingdom in northern zone, and Yugoslavia
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1. The Faeroe Islands constitute a self-governing community in the
Danish Commonwealth, with local autonomy except in foreign affairs.
2. Pursuant to the Finnish Peace Treaty of 10 February 1947, the
Porkkala area of Finland was leased to the USSR for 50 years for use
as a naval base.
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Federal Republic of Germany. Occupation zones: United
States, United Kingdom, and France
Saar territory. Autonomous area in economic union with
France
Berlin. Occupation sectors: United States, United King-
dom, France, and USSR
Soviet Zone of Occupation (the so-called "German Democrat-
ic Republic"). Occupied by USSR
Gibraltar. Colony, United Kingdom
*Greece
Greenland. Colony, Denmark
*Hungary
*Iceland
*Ireland (Eire)
*Italy
*Liechtenstein
*Luxembourg
Malta. Colony, United Kingdom
Monaco. Special treaty relations, Franeel
*Norway, including Svalbard and Jan Meyan Island
1. Some authorities consider Monaco to be independent.
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*Poland, including the former Free City of Danzig and portions
of eastern Germany under Polish administration. (See
footnote 3, p. 19.)
*Portugal, including the Azores and Madeira Islands
*Rumania
San Marino. Special treaty relations, Italy
*Spain, including Canary Islands
*Sweden
*Switzerland
*Vatican City
*Yugoslavia
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SOUTHWEST PACIFIC2
American Samoa. Unincorporated territory, United States
British Solomon Islands, including the Santa Cruz Islands.
25X6 Protectorate, United Kingdom
2. The term "Pacifica" has been suggested for this area. In addi-
tion to the US territories listed under Southwest Pacific, certain
other islands are possessions of, or claimed by, the United States.
Some of these islands are also claimed by the United Kingdom or New
Zealand. The United States and the United Kingdom exercise joint
control over Canton and Enderbury islands in the Phoenix Island group.
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Cook Islands, including Niue. Territories, New Zealandl
Fiji. Colony, United Kingdom
French Establishments of Oceania (Tuamotu Archipelago, Society
Islands, Marquesas Islands, Tubuai or Austral Islands, and
Clipperton Island). Overseas territory, France
Gilbert and Ellice Islands. Colony, United Kingdom
Guam. Unincorporated territory, United States
Hawaii. Territory, United States
Nansei-shoto south of 29?N, including the Ryukyu. Islands and
the Daito Islands; Nampo-shoto south of Sofu Gan, including
the Bonin Islands, Rosario Island, and the Volcano Islands;
Parece Vela; and Marcus Island. Interim administration,
United States2
Nauru. Trust territory: Australia, New Zealand, United
Kingdom; administered by Australia.
1. These islands are integral parts of New Zealand but are under
separate administrations.
2. Article 3 of the Japanese Peace Treaty, signed 8 September 1951,
states: "Japan will concur in any proposal of the United States to
the United Nations to place under its trusteeship system, with the
United States as the sole administering authority, Nansei Shoto
south of 29 north latitude (including the Ryukyu Islands and the
Daito Islands), Nanpo Shoto /j4 south of Sofu Gan (including the
Bonin Islands, Rosario Island and the Volcano Islands) and Parece
Vela and Marcus Island. Pending the making of such a proposal and
affirmative action thereon, the United States will have the right
to exercise all and any powers of administration, legislation and
jurisdiction over the territory and inhabitants of these islands,
including their territorial waters."
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New Caledonia, including the Loyalty Islands, Wallis Islands,
and Futuna Islands. Overseas territory, France
New Guinea, Territory of (northeast New Guinea and the Bismarck
Archipelago, including New Britain, New Ireland, Admiralty
Islands, and northern Solomon Islands). Trust territory,
Australia
New Hebrides. Condominium, France and United Kingdom
*New Zealand, including the following outlying islands and
island groups: Auckland, Campbell, Antipodes, Bounty,
Chatham, and Kermadec. Self-governing member, (British)
Commonwealth of Nations
Pacific Islands, trust territory of the (Caroline Islands,
Mariana Islands except Guam, and Marshall Islands). Trust
territory, United States
Papua, including D'Entrecasteaux Islands and Louisiade
Archipelago. Territory, Australia
Pitcairn and adjacent islands.1 United Kingdom
Tonga (Friendly) Islands. Under a certain degree of protec-
tion from the United Kingdom
Western Samoa. Trust territory, New Zealand
'Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, including Estonia,
Latvia, and Lithuania; Tannu Tuva; a portion of German
1. Pitcairn is described as "a British colony by settlement."
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East Prussia under USSR administration; and southern
Sakhalin Island and the Kuril Islands, former Japanese
territories under USSR administration.)
1. The US Government has not recognized the incorporation of
Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania into the USSR and does not neces-
sarily recognize some of the boundaries of the USSR now in effect.
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III. NEW ISSUE OF BARTHOLOMEW'S "MIDDLE AND NEAR EAST"
Middle and Near East; 1:4,000,000; John Bartholomew and Son, Ltd.,
Edinburgh; 1951; CIA Map Library Call No. 61052.
The new edition of Bartholomew's popular reference map of
southwestern Asia is now available. In many respects it is an im-
provement over the 1943 edition. Particularly noteworthy is the
prominent indication of the publication date, a feature lamentably
obscured or lacking in earlier Bartholomew maps.
Comparison of the 1951 map with the 1943 edition reveals the
thoroughgoing nature of the revision. Changes in coastlines and in
the extent and shape of marshes and sand areas are apparent. Al-
though the contour interval remains unchanged, the configuration of
the contours is considerably changed in several areas. The color
system used in the layer tinting is generally the same, but the
somewhat darker shade of brown used on the new map for the higher
elevations produces a more effective result. A clearer symbol for
sand deserts is also used on the 1951 issue.
Numerous changes in cultural features appear on the new edition.
The alignment of international boundaries has been revised, particu-
larly in the Arabian Peninsula and Palestine. Some place names
have been changed to conform to more acceptable spellings, although
they do not necessarily agree with the rulings of the Permanent
Committee on Geographic Names. Several new names have been added,
notably in areas of petroleum development.
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A serious effort has been made to revise the transportation
network. Some of the more important new oil pipeline construction
is indicated, the road net has been revised, and several changes
have been made in the railroad pattern. Although the net result
of the changes in the transportation information has been an im-
provement, a number of errors are still discernible to analysts
familiar with the area. In a few cases, changes have occurred since
the map was compiled.
In view of the general excellence of the new map as a reference
source and the wide use that it will receive among US Government
agencies, it is appropriate to point out the more important inaccu-
racies or deficiencies in the 1951 edition.
Selected List of Specific Inaccuracies or Deficiencies
Arabian Peninsula
1. The Persian Gulf terminus of the Saudi Arabian Government
Railroad is Dammam Pier, not Dhahran. This railroad has been
completed into Riyadh since the map was prepared.
2. The oil pipeline from Burghan through Ahmadi to Mena al
Ahmadi (Kuwait) is not shown.
3. The trans-Qatar oil pipeline from Dukhan to Unmi Said is
not indicated. The latter location, an important tanker-loading
port, is not identified.
4+. The pipeline network in the Abqaiq-Bahrein'Ras Tanura
area is more incomplete than the limitations of the small scale
would necessitate,.
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5. The motorable route parallel to the trans-Arabian pipeline
has been omitted.
Iran
1. The railway extending southeast from Qum is complete only
as far as Kashan, not to Khalidabad.
2. The railroad from Sar-i-Bandar (between Ahwaz and Bandar
Shahpur) to the important oil port of Bandar Ma'shur is not shown.
3. The narrow-gauge railroad from Dar-i-Khazineh to MasJid-i-
Sulaiman has been dismantled.
4. The railroad line shown as running from Hosseinieh (between
Ahwaz and Khorramshahr) to Ma'gil (Iraq) has been abandoned.
Iraq
1. The meter-gauge railroad has been extended from Kirkuk to
Erbil.
2. The meter-gauge railroad between Ba'Quba and Kut al Imara
has been dismantled.
3. Railroad lines south of Shu'aiba (including the line to
Umm Qasr) have been abandoned and partially dismantled.
4. The oil pipeline between Az Zubair and Al Faw is omitted.
Syria
1. The railroad line of 60-centimeter gauge shown northeast of
Deraa between Ezraa and Soueida has been dismantled.
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Egypt-Israel
1. The international boundary between Egypt and Israel should
run to the Mediterranean Sea. Egypt does not claim the Gaza strip
as a part of Egypt.
Turkey
1. The railroad from Mudanya to Bursa was abandoned in 19+8 in
favor of road transportation.
2. The railroad from Kars to Arpa5ay does not exist.
Greece
1. The railroad shown as bypassing Alexandroupolis and leading
into Ferrai does not exist.
1. The railroad from Tedzhen to Sarakhs does not exist.
2. The railroad shown as extending northwest from Chardzhou
toward Kungrad is not yet complete.
3. The railroads from Baku to Mashtaga and from Borzhomi to
Akhaltsikhe are omitted.
4. Artik, the terminus of the branch railway extending south-
east from Leninakan, is erroneously identified as Makhmudzhug.
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IV. BRIEF NOTICES
A. ADMINISTRATIVE BOUNDARY MAPS OF THE SOVIET ZONE OF GERMANY
Recent radical changes in the boundaries of the Lander (states)
in the Soviet Zone of Germany are presented on two new editions of
the Schaffmann and Kluge map, Deutsche Demokratische Republik
(German Democratic Republic), at 1:700,000, that are available at
the CIA Map Library. These changes, which are described in Map
Research Bulletin No. 26, August 1951, pp.15-18, are shown on the
July 1950 edition of the map (Call No. 7+265) and on the January 1951
edition (Call No. 74263). The 1951 edition is recommended because
it shows the new railroad outer freight ring built by the Soviets
to bypass the western zones of Berlin.
In addition, sheets of a set covering three separate Lander
at 1:300,000, also by Schaffmann and Kluge, are available. The
sheets for Land Sachsen are on file at the CIA Map Library, in two
editions: Ausgabe A (Call No. 7+279), and Ausgabe B (Call No. 74280).
Internal administrative boundaries (Land, Landkreis, and Stadtkreis)
are presented more clearly on Ausgabe B. Sheets for Thuringen and
Mecklenburg are held by the Army Map Service (Call No. 1M 23-26-
43641-300).
B. A ,MOTOR ROAD IN SOVIET CENTRAL ASIA
A new motor road between Kungrad (43?06'N - 58)54'E) and
Tagalayashchi (47?18'N - 55?31'E) is shown on the 1950 Soviet map of
the Kazakh SSR, Politiko-Administrativnaya Karta Kazakhskoy SSR, at
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1:1,500,000 (CIA Map Library, Call No. 72561). The road is classi-
fied as a main motor transport road (glavnaya avtoguzhevaya doroga),
although 1951 maps of the Soviet Union at 1:5,000,000 and 1:8,000,000
indicate that all except a short segment of secondary road northwest
of Kungrad is caravan route or trail. The presentation of the road
on the Kazakh map is regarded as accurate, since other data on the
map have been verified by reliable sources.
This road, which is the only major automobile route between the
Caspian and Aral Seas, provides a motor link between Chardzhou and
Aktyubinsk. From Kungrad, where it connects with the main automobile
road and railroad to Chardzhou, the new road proceeds in a north-
westerly direction for a distance of approximately 620 kilometers
(38+.4 miles), through the Ust'-Urt Plateau and the Sam Desert, to
Tagalayashchi in the Emba Valley. From Tagalayashchi a trail con-
tinues to Alshinskay, a distance of approximately 1+1+ kilometers
(27.2 miles), where it joins the main automobile road which runs
via Zharkamys and Uil to Aktyubinsk.
The new road follows the general direction of an unverified
railroad line under construction or projected, between Kungrad
and Aleksandrov Gay, which is shown on the 1948 British map, USSR
and Adjacent Areas, at 1:8,000,000 (AMS Map No. 5101+).
C. A NEW VOLUME ON SURVEYING AND MAPPING IN CEYLON
A volume entitled Land, Maps and Surveys that reviews in 131
pages the "evidence of land surveys as practised in Ceylon from
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earliest known periods and the story of the Ceylon Survey Department
from 1800 to 1950" is now available at the CIA Map Library. The
book was written by R. L. Brohier and published by the Ceylon Govern-
ment Press, Colombo, in 1950. Although several maps are included,
only one is noteworthy -- a map showing present provincial boundaries
and indicating the dates when sections of each boundary were surveyed.
The book describes clearly and concisely the history of the
measuring and mapping of property lines, administrative boundaries,
and topography in Ceylon. A particularly useful summary of the
organization, techniques, and achievements of the Ceylon Survey
Department is contained in the final chapter. At first this
agency concentrated on the surveying of property lines and adminis-
trative boundaries. No significant topographic surveys were under-
taken until 1879. In 1908, work was begun on the contoured topo-
graphic series at 1:63,360, based on plane-table surveys. Complete
planimetric coverage for the island at this scale was available
by 1917, and by 192+ contour surveys at the same scale had been
completed. Since 1925, when the final sheets of the contoured
series were published, the Survey has undertaken no new major
surveys but has made many revisions to the sheets and has completed
a number of special surveys for various purposes.
D. MAPS OF TEE TERRITOIRES OF THE BELGIAN CONGO
A series of 121 sheets, each covering one of the territoires
in the Belgian Congo, has been received. The sheets are ozalid
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reproductions at a scale of 1:200,000 of sheets published by the
Institut Geographique du Congo Belge during the period from 1947 to
1951, the majority in 1949. They are cataloged in groups, by prov-
ince, and have the following call numbers: Kivu, 73723; Equateur,
73724; Orientale, 73725; Leopoldville, 73757; Katanga, 73758; and
Kasai, 73759.
On each sheet the compilation sources used are listed, the
chief being itineraries, reports to the territorial administrators,
and information from surveys made by mining, railroad, and other
development agencies and by cartographic and boundary missions.
The series furnishes a vast amount of information, as indicated
by the 81 separate items included on an accompanying legend sheet.
Among the more significant features are boundaries; political centers;
villages; agricultural settlements; religious missions; medical
facilities; mining, industrial, and trade centers; drainage; geodetic
points of the first, second, and third order; transportation and
communication facilities; and airfields.
The quality of the sheets varies considerably. For areas of
economic exploitation in which mapping has been systematic, the
sheets appear to be reliable. In the mining areas of the provinces
of Katanga, Kivu, Kasai, and Orientale, mining companies have made
topographic surveys. Surveys have also been made along most of the
boundary sections that do not follow rivers or lakes. These surveys
cover the boundaries of the Belgian Congo with Aiigola and with all
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British territories except the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan. In the interior
and in the northern part of the Belgian Congo very little accurate
surveying has been done.
In spite of the poor quality of paper, blurred printing on
some sheets, lack of a sheet legend and incomplete information for
some areas, the map supplies interesting and valuable geographic
information on the internal administrative structure as well as the
economic development of the country.
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