MAP RESEARCH BULLETIN

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP79-01005A000200010003-0
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 45
• Document Creation Date: November 9, 2016
• Document Release Date: March 26, 1999
• Sequence Number: 3
• Publication Date: February 1, 1952
• Content Type: BULL

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U S. OFF CU' - O LYA
`
COPY NO.
ASSISTANT DIRECTOR,=
MAP RESEARCH BULLETIN
*0VU0VtWT No
Zid ~iwh7Ki'e t1# Y, r.r w'~
CIA/RR MR - 30 S
February 1952
ASS.. C H A. 4 * ,
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
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U. AL LY
VVWWA0002Q
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WARNING
']'his material contains Information affecting
the national defense of the United States
within the meaning of the espionage laws.
Title 18. USC, Secs. 793 and 794, the trans-
riission or revelation of which in anY mariner
tj an unauthorized person is prohibited by law.
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 CIA RD P70 01
80 18 76 74 72 70 68
CARIBBE
AN S
EA
f MetF.l
"R0e"
1
I?
2
INDEX TO DEPA
TAMENTOS,
/
-
INTENDENCIAS (I) AN
COMISARIAS (C)
Uribia?
1, Guajira (C)
.
2 Magdalena
14. Page del Cauca
15. Tonms
2
GOLFO DE VENEZUELA
3. ANardico
16.
Meta(I)
Santa Marta
1
4. Bolivar
5. Anthpua
6
C
ll. Vichada (C)
18. Cauca
Cienaga
Barranq 8
?
.
hao
7. Norte de Santander
19. HuBa
20. Narino
3
>
8. Sanander
9.
21. Putumayo(C)
22. Caue (B
c?
10. Arauw lCl
11. Casanare (C)
23. 4aupes(C
}
24. Amazonas(C)
artagena
4
6
12. Calder
13. Cundinamarca
25: San Andras
y Providenda (I)
o
/
LID
la
I
la
?not shown
map
MARACAIBO
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CAMAL ZONE +
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P A C I F I C
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Mans
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~
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Villavicenc
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~ Buenaventura
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NOFF Isla de Mays o (4N, 8,W.) rs a
Colom6wn possess;on .rot drown on this map
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80 78 76
COLOMBIA
B R A Z I L
SERIES MAP COVERAGE
~o ~a~era
1
20
000 AND 1
2
00
''
R'? 1?p?,a
:
:
5
0
\
,
,
AUTHORITIES
~?
I
Socony-Vacuum Oil I Compan(a de Petrbleo Shell
Rio prm
,narn
i
Company, 1:20,000 de Colombia, 1:20,000
joaa
ID`~ Texas Petroleum Instituto Geografico Militar
-
P
E R
U .
A
I k? ka o
Company, 1:20,000 y Catastral,1:25,000
/
I
Scale 1:5,000,000
0
/
p
I
0 5a 100 200
St
t
t
Mil
MAZONPS
Rio
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o 0
a
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es
0 100 200
50
~ /
$
I
a
w
Kilometers
_______________
q
eticia
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77
70
68
12088 CIA, 12-51
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CIA/RR MR-30 S
February 1952
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I. Yugoslav Mapping Agencies: Programs and
an Estimate of Capabilities. . . . . . . . . . . . 1
II. Colombia Map Series . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
III. Bulgarian Mapping in Dobrudzha . . . . . . . . . . . 27
IV. New Road Map of Yugoslavia . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
V. Brief Notices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
A. New Railroad Map of Italy. . . . . . . . . . . . 35
B. Recent Turkish Maps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Following Page
Colombia: Series Map Coverage, 1:20,000 to
1:25,000 (CIA 12088) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Colombia: Series Map Coverage, 1:37,800 to
1:50,000 (CIA 12103) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Colombia: Series Map Coverage, 1:100,000
(CIA 12102). . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Colombia: Series Map Coverage, 1:200,000 to
1:500,000 (CIA 12101) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
This bullet-in has not been coordinated with the intelligence
organizations of the Departments of State, the Army, the Navy,
and the Air Force.
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I. YUGOSLAV MAPPING AGENCIES:
PROGRAMS AND AN ESTIMATE OF CAPABILITIES
25X1X
Three agencies account for most of the current output of maps in
Yugoslavia. The agencies and the major production responsibility of
each are as follows:
Geografski institut Jugoslovenske Armije -- topographic maps
Geokarta -- cadastral and planning maps
Ucila -- maps for school use
A few other organizations, including Invalidsko knjizarsko
stamparsko preduzece (Disabled Veterans Book Publishing Enterprize),
Propaganda, and Drzavna zalozba Slovenije (State Press of Slovenija)
have also published maps since 1945. Except for the last, which is
known to have a three-man cartographic section, no information is
available concerning these agencies.
The programs and capabilities of the three major agencies are
evaluated in this article on the basis of estimates derived from the
analysis of all available information.
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A. Geografaki institut Jugoslovenake Armijel (Geographic Institute
of the Yugoslav Army -- GIJA)
This institute is the major mapping agency of Yugoslavia. For
convenience, the GIJA program and its current status are discussed
according to map scale.
Scale of 1:1,000;000. The institute expects to prepare the four
Yugoslav sheets of the International Map of the World (IMW) series.
It does not have the construction specifications and has not started
work on the maps.
Scale of 1:750 000, Two editions of a map of Yugoslavia at this
scale, dated 1946 and 1950, have been published. The maps are identi-
cal in style and type of content. Most of the corrections on the
later edition concern transportation and place names.
Scale of 1:500,000. A 13-sheet series covering the country was
completed in 1950. The maps are printed in three forms: (1) an
edition with complete cultural and t~,poaraphic detail, including
relief shading and forest cover;-(2) the same edition, without re-
lief shading; and (3) an edition that carries only contours, shad-
ing, names of physical features, roads, and symbols for large towns.
The map is a completely new compilation based on the 1:100,000 and
1:200,000 maps and the "newest information." It was designed for use
of the Army General Staff and carries a note stating that the contents
are "suitable for military."
An aeronautical chart series at 1:500,000 is also in preparation
or may have been completed. Its relationship, if any, to the air
chart series published in 1939-40 is not known.
Scale of 1:200,000. Postwar coverage of Yugoslavia in a second
edition of the 1:200,000 series has been completed. Although the
final sheets of the first edition were published immediately before
World War II, new plates were made because the originals had been
destroyed. The method of production, however, is not known. In
view of the 1949 policy statement on map specifications, which pro-
vide for sheet lines based on subdivisions of the IMW sheets, new
1. Successor to the prewar Vojni geoarafski institut (Military Geo-
graphic Institute -- VGI).
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type styles, and certain other changes,l the sheets may have been
completely redrawn, or new plates may have been made from the pre-
war sheets by color separation, with changes made on the negatives.
Scale of 1:100,000. All sheets of this series are scheduled
for revision. At least four sheets have been completed, three of
which were published in 19+9 and one in 1950. The scope of the
revision is not known.
Scale of 1:25,000. An entirely new field survey is being under-
.taken for the preparation of a series at 1:25,000. The goal is map
coverage of the entire country, and sheets for the Belgrade and
Zagreb areas may have been completed.
There is no indication regarding the future of the GIJA except
that the institute may be expected to share the present political
and financial stability of the Army, which is suggested further by
the fact that the institute has had the same director, Maj. Gen.
Karel Margie, since 1945. Fair estimates may be made concerning the
size of the staff of VGI before the war and of the GIJA in mid-1951.
It is also possible to make a reasonable approximation of the capa-
bilities of the institute for carrying out its current program,assum-
ing that the status quo in terms of personnel, equipment, and method-
ology is maintained.
Fair estimates may be made regarding the size of the staff of
the VGI before the war and of the GIJA in mid-1951. It was possible
to arrive at a reasonable approximation of the capabilities of the
institute for carrying out its current program.
1. The new 1:500,000 series conforms to all of these specifications.
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On the basis of VGI reports and prewar production and equipment,
it is estimated that the personnel strength of the VGI before the
war totaled between 245 and 295 persons and consisted of 50 to 60
topographers, 75 to 90 topographer's helpers, 35 to 45 draftsmen,
15 geodesists, 35 to 40 persons engaged in map reproduction, and 35
to 45. in administrative and clerical positions.
Although a fairly reliable 1947 report stated that the person-
nel in GIJA numbered only 156 at that time, recent evidence obtained
by direct observation and interview, substantiated by production of
the last 3 years, indicates that the GIJA has regained the person-
nel strength which its predecessor, the VGI, had in prewar years.
It seems likely that the four sheets at 1:1,000,000 will be is-
sued within a year or two following official implementation of the
project. The necessary base material is on hand, and production in
part is a matter of national pride.
A reasonably valid estimate can also be made of the maximum
output of the revised 1:100,000 sheets and of new 1:25,000 sheets
for the next 5 years, if complete attention is devoted to one pro-
gram or the other. The relative priorities of the two series, how-
ever, are not known.
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In 195.1 the publication of 1:100,000 sheets was barely started.
The sheets known to have been printed -- Ptuj (in eastern Slovenija),
Prozor (west of Sarajevo), Beograd, and Dubrovnik -- do not indicate
any areal plan for the work. The sheets may be of an experimental
nature to determine the amount of new work that will be necessary in
various types of terrain, perhaps with different control available.
Since methQds and niunber of personnel are about the same, pre-
war output is a good index to current production. In one 5-year-
period before the war, when the major effort of the Vojni geografski
institut was devoted to the 1:100,000 series, revision surveys were
finished on the area of about 80 sheets, and at least 70 sheets were
drawn and published. Complete coverage at the same rate would require
11 years; at 85 percent of the prewar figure, 12 to 13 years.
Rates of production of the 1:25,000 sheets before and after the
war are not comparable to the same extent. The former are thought
to be based on revision of old Austro-Hungarian cadastral surveys,
whereas a new survey is to be made for the latter. Since survey speed
probably is the critical factor in the rate of map production when
ground survey methods are'employed, prewar experience provides a good
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basis for estimate.1 The VoJni geografaki institut found that one
topographer in a single field season could map 80 square kilometers
of moderately difficult terrain with accuracy sufficient for a
1:25,000 survey. According to the present sheet line system, 80 square
kilometers is about three-fifths the area of a standard Yugoslav
1:25,000 sheet. From this figure and from the number of topographers
available, the maximum current output for the 1:25,000 series appears
to be 25 to 35 sheets a year. Complete coverage of Yugoslavia re-
quires more than 2,500 sheets. In time, and as financial means are
available, photogrammetric techniques almost certainly will be in-
creasingly employed. Consequently, the rate quoted cannot be regarded
as valid for more than the first few years.
Printing has not been mentioned in the calculations on output
because it is not likely to be a bottleneck in the immediate future.
The three two-color presses, although old-fashioned, served before
the war and should be adequate for the still-reduced postwar program.
1. The Yugoslavs have had some experience with aerial photography for
mapping purposes, but less than a tenth of the survey work performed
in the mid-30's was carried out with the aid of air photos. Although
some aerial photography probably is being flown at the present time,
all maps are said to be compiled from standard ground surveys. GIJA
has acquired a Swiss-manufactured universal type stereoplotter since
the war but claims to have no personnel to operate it. This probably
is true in view of the technical proficiency required for using this
equipment.
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Inasmuch as the Yugoslavs succeeded in restoring the presses to oper-
ating condition from the wreckage left by the Germans, they probably
can keep them running for some time. The staff is not satisfied with
the quality of the colored inks available to them, but the supply ap-
parently is satisfactory, and postwar printing on the whole has been
excellent.
It is interesting that, during a recent contact with the GIJA,
no mention was made of the 1:50,000 series, which was formerly a basic
series. More information is needed on reasons for the possible aban-
donment of this scale or for any secrecy concerning it.
B. Geokarta
Information on mapping programs of Geokarta is more fragmentary
than that for the GIJA, but three types of maps currently are being
produced -- cadastral, school maps and atlases, and special-maps.
Cadastral Maps
Scale of 1:5,000. The Yugoslavs make the distinction that,
whereas prewar cadastral maps prepared by the Ministry of Finance
were used for taxation, the new maps are to be used for planning. The
1:5,000 sheets will carry contours and, unlike prewar maps which were
filed in manuscript, will be published. There is no information on
number of sheets finished or on areas of work.
Scale of 1:25,000. These sheets will be based on the 1:5,000
maps. It is not known whether the 1:25,000 maps will show property
lines. Although contouring is planned, sheets seen by US personnel
22 years ago were planimetric. There appears to be no cooperation
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between Geokarta and GIJA in preparation of maps at 1:25,000. The
only report on progress of the cadastral series is a press statement
of 1949, which said that 250 sheets covering northern Srbija had been
completed. This seems highly unlikely, if not impossible, since Geo-
karta was not established until 1947. Completion may have been
scheduled for 1949; in the past the Yugoslav press occasionally has
confused planning with performance.
School Publications
A school atlas, of which a second edition is in process, as well
as a series of wall maps of the various continents and of Yugoslavia
have been published. Although all of these publications are much
simplified and rather coarsely drawn, they are suitable for the pur-
poses for which they are designed. From the point of view of carto-
graphic technique, the maps are inferior to those of the same type
published by Ucila.
Special Maps
An atlas of Yugoslavia that will contain maps on agriculture,
industry, etc., is in preparation. No sheets were seen, and planned
date of publication is unknown. In the past, production of special-
subject maps by Geokarta seems to have followed no particular pat-
tern. In 1951 an excellent road map was published, and in 1949 a
detailed map of the small civil. divisions Of Makedonija was issued in
Macedonian. Some general physical maps of individual peoples repub-
lics have also been issued.
Two factors have an important, if incalculable, bearing on the
ability of Geokarta to produce maps. In the first place the organi-
zation has undergone hothouse expansion. From an initial staff of
9 employees in 1947, it is said to have increased to 300. Almost all
personnel observed recently appeared to be in the late teen-age group.
Absorption of such numbers of untrained employees would tax the facili-
ties of a well-established unit. It is open to question whether such
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a group is yet capable of carrying on the highly accurate and demand-
ing compilation and survey work required for the planned cadastral.
mapping program. This may account for the reported unorthodox organi-
zation of field work. Field parties are said to consist of 50 to 60
people covering a single area. Blanketing an area in this way with
some 20 working teams of 2 to 3 people each would permit unusually
close supervision of field work on the site.
The second important factor is the uncertainty of continued state
support. Although Geokarta is the cartographic production division of
Glavna geodetska uprava (Chief Geodetic Administration), nothing is
known concerning the position of this agency in the governmental
structure or about the personal authority or influence of the present
director of Geokarta, Mile Petrovic. According to rumor the financial
grants made to Geokarta for nonmilitary mapping purposes, as distinct
from GIJA activities, are being seriously reduced and the organization
will have to restrict its program. The source of this rumor is not of-
ficial, and it has not been verified. In view of the generally strait-
ened Yugoslav financial situation, however, Geokarta seems a likely
spot for economizing.
Analysis of future special-map publication depends on receipt of
much more information concerning the amount of freedom of action per-
mitted Geokarta in contractual arrangements and initiation of work
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on new maps; the school maps are of little intelligence interest. At
the present time the cadastral mapping program seems overly ambitious.
"Rationalized planning" appears to have overlooked the impracticality
in having a country with the restricted resources of Yugoslavia con-
struct and maintain two separate series at 1.25,000, especially from
independent surveys.
C. Ucila
The most complete and authoritative information on mapping agen-
cies concerns Ucila, the agency of least intelligence interest. Ucila
was founded in Zagreb in 1947 to produce teaching aide, including
biological models and laboratory glassware, as well as maps, relief
models, and globes. Its output is subject to the approval of the
Ministry of Education of Hrvatska (Croatia). Although initially sub-
sidized by the ministry, Ucila now is financially self-supporting.
Most of the maps published by Uc`ila, including atlas sheets, are
at very small scales - 1:1,000,000 to 1:15,000,000 -- and the major-
ity cover areas outside of Yugoslavia. Consequently, they offer lit-
tle of substantive intelligence value. The operation of Ucila is of
interest chiefly as a demonstration of Yugoslav map-making techniques
and as a possible reservoir of trained personnel and equipment. From
this point of view, two types of production are worthy of note -- maps
and atlases, and models.
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Wall Maps, Desk Maps, and Atlases
Six wall and four desk maps have been produced, and two wall maps
and one desk map are in preparation. The first section of a school
atlas, containing 10 plates, was published in 1950, and a second sec-
tion of 14 plates, covering European countries primarily, is in proc-
ess. A third section, which will include geologic, climatic, biogeo-
graphic, economic, and political maps of individual continents and of
Yugoslavia, is planned, but some of the maps have not progressed even
so far as the choice of scale. "Large-scale" maps of capital cities
and important districts in Yugoslavia also are planned.
The cartographic section of the Ucila plant employs 38 people.
Many of the workers are older men -- retired army officers and geode-
sists. In making a new map, one man sets up specifications for pro-
jections, another draws the grid lines, and several compile the data
from a variety of sources. The completed work sheet is photographed
and separate negatives painted out for each color plate. This is more
costly than currently accepted methods generally used in the US Gov-
ernment. The use of the technique may be explained by the fact that
the Yugoslavs have been cut off from mapping developments elsewhere
for more than 10 years.
According to the staff of Ucila, the three presses available for
map work are a handicap. All are 25 to 30 years old, and only one is
a two-color press. Nevertheless, Ucila has printed 10 or more maps in
runs of 10,000 copies each, as well as atlas sheets in issues of 150,000
copies.
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Relief Models
The relief model section employs 28 people. Sixteen models,
ranging in scale from 1:25,000 to 1:500,000, are in constant produc-
tion for school use. The positive contour-cutting method, with stack-
ing of contour cut-outs and filling with clay, is used in construct-
ing these models. The master positive model is shellacked. A plaster
negative is then made, from which other positives are cast. The basic
coloring is applied by airbrush, and cultural detail is added by hand.
This method is old-fashioned, cumbersome, and expensive, but the
finished product is of high quality.
U6ila seems to be a sound and stable concern with future plans
geared to a realistic appraisal of both production capacity and demand
for maps. It is too small and the equipment too old ever to add sig-
nificantly to Yugoslav ability to produce large-scale maps.
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II. COLOMBIA MAP SERIES
Within the past 10 years, considerable progress has been made in
the production of topographic and planimetric map series of Colombia.
Although the country has been mapped completely only at scales of
1:1,000,000 and smaller, a good beginning has been made on series at
larger scales for the more developed portion of the country lying
west of the Cordillera Oriental. Throughout this area, possibilities
for economic development have provided from time to time an impetus
for foreign capital to conduct exploratory surveys, thereby adding
considerably to available-mapping data. Map coverage for the area
west of the Cordillera is complete at 1:500,000 and partial at
1:250,000, stream surveys for much of the area are available at
1:100,000, and small scattered areas are covered at various scales
up to 1:20,000. The less developed region east of the Cordillera
Oriental has not received comparable mapping attention, and the only
significant'series are limited to the northern llanos section (Boyaca,
Arauca, Casanare, and parts of Meta and Vichada). Survey series at
1:100,000 are available for many of the rivers, and other maps pro-
vide partial coverage at scales ranging from 1:200,000 to 1:50,000.
Only a small fraction of the map series for Colombia consists of
contoured topographic sheets. Although field surveys have been made
establishing second- and third-order horizontal control over relatively
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large areas, the vertical control essential for the compilation of re-
liable medium- and large-scale contoured maps has been established in
only a few areas. The field surveys have been conducted by both pri-
vate organizations, primarily foreign oil companies, and official or-
ganizations and have been tailored to the various individual needs.
As a result, the control data thus provided lack areal continuity and
vary in type and reliability. Similarly, much of the aerial photog-
raphy available for Colombia was flown by private organizations, pri-
marily as an aid to geologic investigation, and therefore varies in
its adaptability to mapping requirements.
25X1 X the
Instituto Geografico Militar y Catastral (IGMyC) has initiated a pro-
gram for (1) collecting, checking, and evaluating all available data
on astronomic positions established in Colombia; and (2) using this
information to speed up its own triangulation work, which is being
carried on in conjunction with the Inter-American Geodetic Survey pro-
gram. Topographic series at 1:25,000 and 1:100,000 based on IGMyC
triangulation and vertical aerial photography currently are in pro-
duction and eventually will provide complete coverage of the country
at these scales.
Much of the mapping accomplished to date, other than that by the
IGMyC, has been the work of foreign oil companies. These companies
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have made maps'of their concessions and of the areas under contract
for purposes of exploration. The mapping is of good quality, but the
areal coverage tends to be spotty and discontinuous.
The extent of coverage by the various companies and official or-
ganizations is shown on the accompanying maps (CIA 12088, 12101, 12102,
and 12103). Brief descriptions of the individual series will be found
in the following paragraphs.
Small-Scale Series: 1:1,000,000
Two series -- the American Geographical Society Map of Hispanic
America at 1:1,000,000, dated 1927-45, and the US Air Force World
Aeronautical Charts at 1:1,000,000, dated 1946 and later -- provide
complete coverage of the Republic of Colombia. Both show relief by a
combination of approximate contours, layer tints, and spot elevations
and present hydrography in considerable detail. The individual sheets
of both series vary in their relative reliability according to the
quality of the compilation sources available. The American Geographical
Society series presents a greater amount of and more detailed cultural
information than do the World Aeronautical Charts, which were designed
primarily for air navigational purposes.
Medium-Scale Series: 1:200,000-1:500,000
US Air Force Preliminary Base maps, 1:500,000, dated 1945 and
later, provide reliable partial coverage for the land area of Colombia
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west of the Cordillera Oriental. The maps were compiled primarily
from wartime trimetrogon photography flown by the US Air Force and
provide the best contour data available for the area as a whole.
This series is not indexed on the accompanying map, since an index,
Catalog of Aeronautical Charts and Related Publications, showing
Preliminary Base and World Aeronautical Chart coverage, may be ob-
tained from the Aeronautical Chart and Information Service, USAF.
Map of Colombia, 1:500,000, a series published by the Gulf Oil
Company, has been received in Washington for reproduction, and copies
will be available on loan from the AMS and CIA map libraries. The
series provides coverage for western Colombia and the northern lianos
area. Contours or approximate contours are indicated on all sheets
except those covering the area north of 80 N. Information concerning
the publication dates and the control utilized is not available at
present. A detailed drainage pattern, transportation facilities, and
pipelines are among the features shown.
Shaded relief maps of the departamentos of western Colombia at a
scale of 1:500,000 were compiled by the Oficina de Longitudes y Fronteras
during the period 1924-42. These sheets are valuable as sources of in-
formation on place names and are useful for general orientation purposes
but are unreliable as a source for precise locational information.
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Much of northwestern Colombia is covered by an untitled plani-
metric series at 1:250,000 covering the Colombia-Venezuela boundary
region, which was compiled by an unknown authority. This series shows
drainage features in detail and presents a few selected cultural fea-
tures such as settlements, roads, and railroads.
The Socony-Vacuum Oil Company has produced planimetric map series
at 1:200,000, dated 1947, for small areas of the middle Magdalena Val-
ley, the northern llanos, and the Sinu-Uraba area of the departamento
of Bolivar. These maps are based on reliable horizontal control data
and present drainage features, administrative division boundaries, oil
installations, transportation facilities, and settlements. On some
sheets, only part of the area is mapped.
Intermediate-Scale Series: 1:100,000
The Tropical Oil Company series, Mapa Topografico de la Republica
de Colombia, at 1:100,000, dated 1938 and later, provides stream and
partial land-area coverage for the west coast of Colombia and much of
i
northern and central Colombia east of the Rio Cauca and north of 40 N.
The sheets are not consistently planimetric or contoured, the contours
shown being based on field surveys plus vertical photography. Many of
the sheets present geologic data obtained from gravimetric surveys, in
addition to the standard physical and cultural features.
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Planimetric coverage of the Rio Magdalena south of 3? N is pro-
vided by a series at 1:100,000, Plano General del Rio Magdalena, pub-
lished in 1933 by Consortium Berger.
The Socony-Vacuum Oil Company has prepared four sheets at
1:100,000, dated 191+6-i+?, for a portion of the northern llanos area.
Although the sheets are not contoured, an indication of the relief is
given by spot elevations and by some hachuring.
One sheet of the IGMyC topographic series at 1:100,000, Republica
de Colombia, Carta General, is currently available. This series is
being compiled from vertical aerial photography controlled by good
second- and third-order surveys. Relief is shown by contours, layer
tints, and spot elevations. Many cultural features are presented, in-
cluding railroads, three categories of roads, first- and second-order
internal administrative boundaries, and triangulation stations.
Large-Scale Series: 1:20,000-1:50,000
Socony-Vacuum Oil Company has produced two map series at the
scale of 1:50,000. The sheets of the first series, dated 191+3-46,
have little uniformity in size and overlap one another in irregular
fashion. Four sheets at 1:15,000, three at 1:25,000, and one at
1:8,000 are catalogued by AMS along with the sheets at 1:50,000 as a
part of that series. Scattered sections on the west coast and the
Magdalena River Valley, a portion of the northern llanos, and the
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Sinu-Uraba area of the departamento of Bolivar are covered by the
series. Some of the sheets show approximate contours, but in general
the sheets are planimetric. The second and more recent series, dated
1946-47, is planimetric throughout. Although the sheets cover scat-
tered areas in northern and central Colombia, each is keyed to a uni-
form grid of the Republic. Both series show considerable geologic
data in addition to oil installations, transportation lines, and other
cultural information.
Topographic-geologic maps of the Tame-Moreno region of the north-
ern llanos at 1:50,000, dated 1949, have been produced by the Gulf Oil
Company. The sheets contain only partial land-area compilation, but
the areas mapped are contoured.
In 1947 the Richmond Petroleum Company compiled four planimetric
sheets of the middle Magdalena Valley at a scale of 1:50,000. The
sheets show drainage in detail, towns, transportation facilities, and
the astronomic positions used for horizontal control.
The Texas Petroleum Company produced a series in 1932 at a scale
of 1:40,000, entitled Mapa Topografico de las Propiedades Guaguaqui-
Teran-La Ceiba (Topographic Map of the Guaguaqui-Teran-La Ceiba Proper-
ties). This series indicates topography by hachures and spot elevations
and shows oil concession boundaries and installations and other selected
cultural features.
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Two series at 1.40,000 covering portions of the middle Magdalena
Valley have been made by Compania de Petroleo Shell de Colombia. One
series, which is without title, is dated 1942, and the other, entitled
Aerial Survey of the Middle Magdalena Valley (Northern Part), is dated
1944. Both show drainage in detail and cultural features such as towns
and transportation facilities. Of the latter series, the sheets avail-
able in Washington are photocopies bearing no legend. Gray tones ap-
pearing on these photocopies are difficult to interpret but are pre-
sumed to indicate elevation above and below an unidentified contour.
Borders of forested areas are shown, and selected vegetation types ap-
pear to be indicated by undefined symbols.
A series of land-use maps, Valle del Rio Cauca, Plano General,
was compiled in 1947 for the Secretaria de Agriculture, Departamento
del Valle, by the US engineering firm of Parsons, Brinckerhoff, Hogan,
and MacDonald. Aerial photography and field survey data of the IGMyC
were utilized in the compilation of these sheets, which range in scale
from 1:37,800 to 1:39,400. The series is contoured in part and presents
land-use data interpreted from aerial photography flown in 1943-46.
Seventy-five sheets of the IGMyC series, Carta Preliminar de la
Republica de Colombia, at 1:25,000 are available at the Army Map
Service library. This series supersedes the municipio maps printed
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at 1:25,000 and 1:50,000 by the IGMyC in 19+2-43. The new series,
compiled from vertical aerial photography with good second- and third-
order control, is in color and gives contours, astronomic positions,
first- and second-order internal boundaries, and numerous other cul-
tural features.
In 1946 and 19+7 the Socony-Vacuum Oil Company compiled plani-
metric sheets at 1:20,000 for portions of its concession areas along
the middle Magdalena Valley and in the Sinu-Uraba region. Most of the
sheets show drainage features, settlements, and oil concession data,
and a few sheets also indicate land forms by hachures and provide geo-
logic data.
A series at 1:20,000, Aerial Survey of the Middle Magdalena
Valley (Southern Part), was prepared by Compania de Petroleo Shell de
Colombia in 191+4. The series, which is similar in format to the com-
pany's series at 1:1+0,000, Aerial Survey of the Middle Magdalena Valley
(Northern Part), gives drainage, control points, railroads, and settle-
ments. The sheets available in Washington are black-and-white photo-
copies, which tend to obscure data shown in color on the originals. A
comparison of individual sheets with aerial photographs of the same
area indicates that the gray tones represent elevations above and below
an unidentified contour and that the heavy lines with hachures on one
side indicate the borders of forested areas.
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Texas Petroleum Company has produced a map series of its
Guaguaqui-Teran-La Ceiba properties at a scale of 1:20,000 that
resembles its 1:40,000 series in format. The sheets, bearing dates
1932-148, are planimetric and show drainage, spot elevations, oil con-
cession data, and other selected cultural features.
In general, the series maps of Colombia available in Washington
are ozalid reproductions or black-and-white photocopies, the litho-
graphed series of the IGMyC, of the American Geographical Society, and
of the US Air Force (World Aeronautical Charts) being exceptions.
Nearly all of the geographic and metric grids employed on these maps
are based on Bogota. The series produced by the various oil companies
bear the Special Control classification and are available to authorized
US Government officials only. Indexes of individual series may be con-
sulted at the Army Map Service.
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MAP SERIES*
TITLE
Map of Hispanic
America
World Aeronauti-
cal Chart
Preliminary Base
Colombia Carta
General
fRo title; cata-
logued as
Colombia-
Venezuela Bound-
ary Region]
*Mapa de la
Rep blica de
Colombia
*Mapa Topografico
de la Rep blica
de Colombia
Plano General
del Rio
Magdalena
*LrN-o titl]
AUTHORITY
SCALE
AVAILABILITY
American Geo-
1:1,000,000
AMS Call No.
graphical Soci-
1-3-30-200-1,000;
ety
CIA Call No. 21793
US Air Force
1:1,000,000
Distribution, ACIS
US Air Force
1:500,000
Distribution, ACIS
Oficina de
1:500,000
AMS Call No.
Longitudes y
Fronteras
7E-32-30.5-8557-500
Unknown
1:250,000
AMS Call No.
7E-23-22.0-100-250
Socony-Vacuum
1:200,000
AMS Call No.
Oil Company
7E-23-7.5-151+7-200
Tropical Oil
1:100,000
AMS Call No.
Company
7E-23-26.0-8562-100
(112 sheets);
CIA Call No. 72619
(81 sheets)
Consortium
1:100,000
AMC Call No.
Berger
7E-23-22.2-802-100.
Socony-Vacuum
1:100,000
AMS Call No.
Oil Company
7E-23-7.5-8511+7-100;
CIA Call No. 38423
*Series marked by an asterisk bear the Special Control classification
and are available for use by authorized US Government officials only.
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AVAILABILITY
Republica de
Instituto Geo-
1:100,000
AI Call No.
Colombia, Carta
grafico Militar
7E-3-15.0-8553-100
General
y Catastral
*Map of Colombia
Socony-Vacuum
1:50,000
ANZS Call No.
Oil Company
7E-23-7.5-85147-50
*[No title]
Socony Vacuum
Various
A1. Call No.
Oil Company
7E-32-7.5-85147-V
*[No title?
Gulf Oil
1:50,000
AMS Call No.
Company
37E-23-30.o-85o48-5o
*(o title;
Richmond Petro-
1:50,000
ANS Call No.
catalogued as
leum Company
17E-23-7.5-85311-50;
Middle Magdalena
CIA Call No. 38413
Valley
*Mapa Topografico
Texas Petroleum
1:40,000
AMS Call No.
de las Pro-
Company
7E-23-7.5-85038-40
piedades
Guaguaqui-Teran-
La Ceiba
*LNo title]
I,
Compania de
1:40,000
AM Call No.
Petroleo Shell
7E-23-22.6-85040-4o
de Colombia
*Aerial Survey of
Compania de
1:40,000
AM Call No.
the Middle
Petroleo Shell
17E-23-22.6-85040-40;
Magdalena Valley
de Colombia
CIA Call No. 74045
(Northern Part)
r
Valle del Rio
Secretaria de
1:37,800-
AMS Call No.
Cauca, Plano
Agricultura.
1:39,400
7E-23-30.0-8567-v;
General
,
Depto. del Valle
CIA Call No. 38421
del Cauca
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SCALE
AVAILABILITY
ta Preliminar
C
Instituto Geo-
1:25,000
AMS Call No.
ar
de la Rep blica
grafico Militar
7E-3-30.0-8553-25
de Colombia
y Catastral
(75 sheets);
28519
CIA Call No
.
(32 sheets)
* fNo title]
Socony-Vacuum
1:20,000
AMS Call No.
Oil Company
7E-23-7.5-85147-20
ial Survey of
*A
Compania de
1:20,000
AMS Call No.
er
6-85040-20;
23-22
1
E
the Middle
Petroleo Shell
.
-
7
44
Magdalena Valley
de Colombia
CIA Call No. 740
(Southern Part)
4
0
AMS Call No.
1
a Topografico
*Ma
Texas Petroleum
1:20,00
p
7E-23-7,5.85038-20;
de las Pro-
Company
ll N
iedades
o.
CIA Ca
p
38418
Guaguaqui-Teran-
La Ceiba
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III. BULGARIAN MAPPING IN DOBRUDZHA
Since the war, almost no reports of Bulgarian mapping have been
received in the United States. Consequently, the fragmentary infor-
mation incorporated in a recent Bulgarian Government decree is of par-
ticular interest and merits wider distribution than its volume and
substance would otherwise warrant.
The decree, Development of Rural Economy, Irrigation and Elec-
trification of the Dobrudzha, was published in Rabotnichesko Delo on
14 April 1951. Incidental to the body of the decree, which describes
reclamation proposals and assigns administrative responsibility for
them, a number of references are made to topographic maps and survey
materials, as well as to various special surveys necessary to the rec-
lamation plans. These are among the few clues to recent Bulgarian map-
ping activity in the Dobrudzha, particularly the area acquired from
Rumania.
The statement is made that a proposed land-use survey is to be
based on the "existing plans of lands in inhabited places and the map
at 1:25,000," except in the okolii of Isperikh and Kubrat, where "newly
drawn terrain-situation plans" are to be used. If, as seems likely, the
1:25,000 map refers to the standard topographic series at this scale
that was initiated during the 1930's, the Bulgarians must have carried
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on a vigorous mapping program in the postwar period. Publication of
70 to 80 sheets is indicated -- about one-third the total number pub-
lished prior to 1944. The figure is high but by no means impossible.
Isperikh and Kubrat are the only okolii of the nine covered by
the decree that were not formerly Rumanian territory. The 1:25,000
sheets mentioned could therefore be merely reductions of the existing
1:20,000 Rumanian map coverage of the area based on surveys made just
before the war. This, however, seems improbable because (1) the
Bulgarians are known to have undertaken a new triangulation in the
former Rumanian area in 19+1 and 19+2; (2) the Rumanian and Bulgarian
series differ fundamentally in projection, origins of the triangulation
and leveling networks, and language; and (3) uncertainty as to whether
the 1940 Nazi-inspired award of the southern Dobrudzha to Bulgaria
would be upheld probably made the Bulgarians eager to complete the new
triangulation and mapping before the territorial decision could be re-
versed.
Possible hasty compilation with incomplete lower-order control is
indicated by demands in the 1951 decree for the quarrying of thousands
of "triangulation stones" and erection of enough bench marks so that
there will be at least one in every populated place. Provision is also
made for continued use of the old 1:40,000 series, which apparently is
still the only uniform coverage for the area.
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The "terrain situation plans" recommended as base maps for the
okolii of Isperikh and Kubrat cannot be identified. It is possible
that they are planimetric maps of some sort, which would be adequate
for the purpose.
In addition to the topographic or cadastral work planned, the
elaborate program of special stuaies would, even if only partially
completed, provide more material for mapping purposes than has ever
been available for the Dobrudzha. The following surveys are ordered
by the decree:
1. Land-use survey to be carried out by the Ministry of Agri-
culture. The survey is to include establishment of the borders of
the various cooperative, state, and other public farms and lay-out
of the crop rotations, forest belts, irrigation canals, vineyards, etc.
2. Forest survey to be carried out by the Ministry of Forestry..
3. Hydrogeological survey to be carried out by the Ministry of
Electrification. Some responsibility, seemingly overlapping, for simi-
lar but limited surveys is also assigned to the Ministry of Agricul-
ture and to the Hydrological Department of the Ministerial Council.
29
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IV. NEW ROAD MAP OF YUGOSLAVIA
A 1951 road map of Yugoslavia at 1:750,000, Karta puteva (Map of
Roads), Automobilsko-motociklisticki savez Jugoslavije (Unclassified),
is now available in the CIA Map Library under Call No. 7392+. The map,
which is cartographically excellent, supersedes two earlier postwar
route maps.1 In spite of the authority given, it may be regarded as
an official publication, since it actually was drawn and reproduced
by Geokarta, a division of the Glavna geodetska uprava (Chief Geodetic
Administration).
The most important feature of the new map is the radical departure
from earlier systems of road classification. On Yugoslav maps, roads
have commonly been classified either by administration as state, repub-
lic, and srez roads, or into undefined first, second, and third classes.
The 1951 map shows (1) roads with a modern base, (2) roads with a
stone base (metalled), and (3) roads without a stone base (unmetalled).
1. Karta automobilskih puteva Federativne Narodne Republike Jugoslavije
(Map of Automobile Roads of the Federative Peoples Republic of
Yugoslavia); 1:1,000,000; Automobilsko-motociklisti~ki savez Jugoslavije;
19+8; CIA Map Library Call No. 49894+ (Confidential).
Automobilska karta Federativne Narodne Republike Jugoslavije
(Automobile Map of the Federative Peoples Republic of Yugoslavia);
1:750,000; Geografski institut Jugoslovenske Armije; 19+5; CIA Map
Library Call No. 27809 (Unclassified).
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The first road group actually includes all paved roads -- concrete,
asphalt, cobblestone, and brick. Insofar as it can be verified by
personal observations reported by attaches, the road net as shown is
correct. All road sections that were paved as of the publishing date
are believed to be included, except those sections in the immediate
vicinity of a few towns which would be difficult to show at the scale
of 1:750,000. All the roads of the second group can be assumed to have
a base of medium to large stones, usually hand set, with a rolled top-
ping of crushed rock, gravel, and sand -- the standard type of Yugoslav
road construction.
Distinction between roads of the second and third groups is not so
clear on the ground as on the map. Not all roads of the third group
are plain dirt roads, as the legend implies, many being similar in con-
struction to those of group two. Since roads of the third group are
in general obscure back-country roads, perhaps half of them have not
been the subject of road reports. There appears to be definite correla-
tion, however, between actual driving conditions and the road classifi-
cation. Most roads of the third type that are not plain dirt roads
either are less than 12 feet wide or have surface topping that is exces-
sively worn and pitted, but neither criterion seems universally appli-
cable. If there was any doubt as to the classification of a road, it
apparently was given the lower rating. All roads shown on the map are
considered to be motorable by passenger cars.
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In addition to information on road characteristics, the 1951 map
provides the most complete presentation of recent road construction
available. Not only is the Belgrade-Zagreb Autoput shown, but also
many of the minor road projects of the Five Year Plan (1947-51). In-
cluded also are some roads that were previously known primarily through
prisoner-of-war or other reports, as well as those that have received
much publicity in the Yugoslav press. For example, the new routes from
G.lamoc to Drvar and from Cevo to Grahovo are located, together with such
insignificant but well-publicized projects as the 3-kilometer road from
V
Zabljak to Crno Jezero in Montenegro. Even though they were completed
before 1948, many such roads are not shown on the 1948 road map.
The new map is the first postwar publication to carry a route num-
bering system. It is not complete, but roads of the first category
according to the January 1951 federal classification -- that is, those
that pass through two or more republics, connect important industrial
centers, or merge with the roads of neighboring countries -- are num-
bered. The numbering scheme is not the same as that used before the
war.
Another minor but curious difference between the 1951 map and those
of 1945 and 1948 is that the new map is printed in French as well as in'
Serbo-Croat -- one more small step in the Yugoslav turn to the West and
the bid for Western tourist trade.
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The map carries inset town plans at 1:35,OOO of the capitals of
the six peoples republics of Yugoslavia. The scale and detail of the
plans are such that they provide little intelligence information in
addition to that on hand for any of the towns except Titograd. A war-
time British "throughway" plan has been the only coverage heretofore
available for Titograd, which has experienced a local building boom
since it became the capital of Crna Gora. The new map adds a few street
names and gives the shape and location, but not identification, of
three or four public buildings.
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25X1 C
25X1 C
A. NEW RAILROAD MAP OF ITALY
A map of Italian railroads at 1:500,000, Italy, Communications,
1950 (Secret), is included in
The map is significant as an ambitious attempt to show
in detail the highly complicated characteristics of the railroads of
peninsular Italy. The categories of lines shown are well-selected, and
the symbols are clear and easily distinguishable in spite of the large
number of features shown. Even though plan and format are excellent,
the map must be regarded as preliminary rather than definitive because
of the large number of errors included. The majority of these are
small, but together they involve more than 15 percent of the total
rail mileage of Italy.
25X1C railroads are mapped according to the following
categories: (1) alignment, (2) gauge, (3) trackage, (1) traction,
(5) ownership, (6) operability, (7) future plans, and (8) progress
in construction. Private lines that are double-tracked, projected,
under construction, or being converted to standard gauge are not shown.
The errors fall chiefly within categories (2) through (6), and most of
them are of minor importance. Errors in categories (1) and (8) are some-
what more serious. The alignment of lines is inaccurate in the vicinities
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of Milan, Rome, and Naples, and to the northeast of Bologna. Only
25X1 C one line is shown as being under construction, and
this construction is not confirmed by any other source available.
Official Italian maps, however, show at least three lines as being
under construction. Possibly the greatest slip on the map occurs in
the legend, where all narrow-gauge lines are given as 0.76 meters,
whereas less than one-tenth of the lines actually have that gauge.
B. RECENT TURKISH MAPS
Maps of Turkey on a variety of subjects have become available to
the CIA Map Library in recent months. Because of the paucity of good
special-subject maps of Turkey, those few that provide new information
or supplement previously available papa are noteworthy.
1. Intercity Telephone Circuits; schematic, approximately
1:2,000,000; Turkish Postal, Telegraph and Telephone Directorate;
manuscript additions to January 1951; no grid; Call No. 71486 (Un-
classified).
In addition to circuits, this map shows exchanges and repeater
stations. It has been checked against the latest information availa-
ble to the Signal Corps Intelligence Agency and is ccnpletely up to
date as of September 1951. Also included are notes on planned instal-
lations.
25X1 C
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Our meager knowledge of Turkish forests is augmented by this
small map which shows the distribution of five kinds of forest insect
pests and the frequency of forest fires during the period 1937-46.
Location of forested areas is generalized and inaccurate.
3. Turkiye Ormanlarinin Aga Nevi ... (Distribution of Tree.
Species in Turkish Forests ... ; 1:2,000,000; ZTurkishJ Forestry
Directorate; probably 19+8; in Turkish; no grid; Call No. 71+62
(Unclassified).
Areas actually in forest and forests in which the cutting is
controlled are plotted in detail adequate for the scale. Symbols
show for every few hundred square miles of forest which of six tree
types predominates. Earlier maps have shown similar information but
4. Yer Sarsintisi B of eleri Hartasi (Map of Earthquake Zones);
1:2,000,000; -Turkish Public Works Ministry; 19+9; no grid; Call No.
71+82 (Unclassified) .
25X1 C
Earthquake intensity is mapped more clearly and in greater
detail than on any map previously available. Areas of first, second,
and third (not dangerous) intensity are plotted, but in nearly every
case the boundary between second- and third-intensity areas coincides
with those of the it (province) or ilce (district). In a few cases,
first- and third-intensity areas are indicated as adjacent.
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Maps of Turkish power installations are few and unsatisfactory.
This one adds a small amount of information not found on other maps
but nevertheless is incomplete. Some of the figures for capacity do
not agree with other sources that are considered to be fairly reliable,
and no distinction is made between installed and available capacity.
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