OBJECTIVE EVENTS IN THE BRAIN CORRELATING WITH PSYCHIC PHENOMENA

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: STARGATE
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP79-00999A000200010083-4
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 6
• Document Creation Date: November 4, 2016
• Document Release Date: January 9, 2014
• Sequence Number: 83
• Publication Date: February 1, 1974
• Content Type: REPORT

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RDP79-00999A000200010083-4
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Vt.10 tik0 C \1C:' t
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The magnitude of
p sound but of the
e in psychical re-
re is a physically
.lepathie stimulus.
route the message
is electrically acti-
so many exciting
inds, that it may
new era in psy-
Lvioural and other
Pse is,. we think,
f inspiration from
:r and Schroeder,
have merely paid
ctrical activity of
Arnents, and have
m evoked by tele-
)yd and his asso-
MARY LOU.
bonne]." Journal
'chic Discoveries
jiffs, N.J.
?
23. May, 1973 -
ecio I
Objective Events in the Brain
Correlating with Psychic Phenomena
D. H. LLOYD, M.D.**
ABSTRACT: A new phenomenon is reported. A pilot experiment, using
well-established techniques, is described, in which images transmitted tele-
pathically are found to evoke responses in the EEG which are similar in
form, and comparable in magnitude, to those evoked by physical sthnuli
such as sounds.
Remarkably, in this experiment, although the response is demonstrably
.present in the cortex, the recipient, though aware of the nature of the
experiment, does not consciously register the content of the message or.
consciously recognize when it is sent.
"Pseudonym. See Editorial.
1. Apologia
This paper is a report of an experiment performed in September 1970
by the author, and two other physicians who wish not to be identified.
The experiment is unique being the first investigation that the author is
aware of to objectively and directly suggest the capacity of the human
brain to respond to psychic stimuli. It demonstrates a new phenomenon.
For this paper psychic stimuli is defined as transmitted thought from one
brain to another with no known means of communication. Subsequent
experiments have refined the techniques in this early work, and will be
published at a later date. Because of lack of controls, this early experi-
ment is not conclusive, but has stimulated further more statistically
extensive research by the present author into objective correlates of psy-
chic phenomenon.
2. Method
The method and instrumentation is not simple and considerable detail
will be presented to allow the reader a full understanding of the techniques
applied.
(i). Averaged evoked response (AER). 'Within every living brain there
is extensive and complex electrical activity, which is continuous and on-
going.. The process which measures this electrical activity on the scalp is
electroencephalography (EEG).
69
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If a subject is stimulated with an acoustic tone, an evoked response
lay be seen in the ongoing EEG. This evoked response usually cannot
e. visualized in the greater amplitude of the ongoing EEG, but is nor-
:ally present. The response is time-locked to the stimulus, that is, it
ccurs at a specific time after the onset of the stimuli. This is called the
itency of the response. The evoked response is multiphasic, (see Fig. 1),
ad the latency of each wave has been established. (5, 6, 7, 8, 11.)
The significance of each component is still controversial, but this does
Dt concern us in this first report.
Now, the problem is that the response is too small to be readily identi-
:id in the ongoing EEG. A well established technique to extract a time-
eked signal from, background noise is therefore used. (2, 4,. 5, 6, 12.)
he technique produces in this instance an average evoked response
kER), and is as follows.
A sr sect is stimulated with a tone and a lime segment (say 500 milli-
con
to
: )f EEG data is gathered and stored. If this is repeated 60 times,
ere 60 segments of EEG data each 500 msec. long. If these 60 seg-
ents are then algebraically added on a time point-to-point basis, one
)0 msec. segment results. This segment is the algebraic electrical sum
. 60 segments, and can be considered proportional to the average of the
) segments.
If no stimulus is applied, at any point of the EEG segment the elec-
Cal activity is random in its amplitude around zero units; thus there
e theoretically as many +4.5 units as there are ?4.5 units, and so on.
re average in the infinite (theoretical) case is zero units for each point
the 500 msec. EEG segment. In the finite case of 60 segments the
2oretical average of zero for every point is not attained and there are
inor voltage fluctuations around zero volts.
Now, as the cortex response to a stimuli is time locked and constant in
pattern (i.e. not random), an average of 60 EEG segments each con-
ning, an evoked response will produce an average evoked response.
The time-locked response patterns will not average to zero as will the
ekar random EEG (whose amplitude in this experiment never
ceeds, i microvolts negative or positive).
The pattern of the AER appears to be characteristic for each sensory
)de. (2, 3,5, 9.)
The acquisition and storage of EEG segments and the averaging pro-
;s is performed by a computer of average transients (CAT). The
:sentation of the stimuli and simultaneous initiation of EEG acquisition
synchronized by a device which also signifies by means of a light flash,
seen by.the subject, when the process starts.
). k7'7uipment. The instrumentation is block-diagrammed in Fig. 7.
indard EEG electrodes placed on the vertex of the skull and mastoid
DCctSS were used. The output from the CAT is to a chart recorder and
reprodUced in Figs. 2 to 6.
To help eliminate muscle and noise artifacts usually the voltage differ-
ential is measured between two points on the scalp; and an amplilier
called a differential amplifier, is used to increase the minute voltage differ-
ential to a usable level.
'ro further reduce noise, a filter is inserted to block non-meaningful
myogenic artifacts (less than 3 Hz i.e. 3 cycles per second) and back-
ground atmospheric and industrial artifacts (greater than 30 Hz). This
filter is thus called a bandpass filter and usually is set to pass 3 to 30 Hz,
the usual EEG frequencies seen from the upper brain cortex layers on the
scalp in an awake subject. (10.) A tone generator is required to synthe-
size a reproducible, accurate acoustic stimuli which is presented to the
subject in an electromagnetically shielded and soundproof enclosure.
The ideal or classical AER from an acoustic stimuli is represented in
Fig. 1. Each peak is identified and has a known latency. (5, 6, 7, 8, 11.)
In the practical case not every peal: is always present, but the general
pattern is reproducible.
(iii) Procedure. The experiment was performed in 2 parts. In the first
instance, three tones with a duration of 200 milliseconds and a rise-fall
of 20 msec. were presented to the subject and the respective AERs were
obtained. Fig. 2 represents the AER from 60 samples to a tone of 500
Hz at 60 dB hearing level (a dB, i.e. a decibel, is a measure of loudness,
and 60 dB IIL is reasonably loud for a person with normal hearing). (1.)
In the second part the tone generator was turned off. A sender watched
the flashing light on the synchronization device. When this light flashed
on, it indicated that a tone was presented to the subject (if the tone gen-
erator was on) and that at that moment the CAT was gathering an EEG
segment. In the second part when the light flashed the sender created a
mental image and attempted to psychically communicate this image to the
receiver, that is, to transmit his thought image. In essence the mental
image and attempted thought transference represented a stimulus, and
substituted for the acoustic tone. The image used was a "cup of coffee".
Fig. 5 and Fig. 6 represent the response obtained from this second part of
the experiment. Each figure represents the AER from 60 samples.
For the sender, an attempt was made as soon as the light flashed to
visualize a cup of coffee and to send that image to the receiver. This
technique requires considerable practice. In each case whether the stimu-
lus was a tone or a thought, the period between stimuli Was 1 second.
Each EEG segment Was 500 mscc. following a stimulus, and for each
test 60 segments were obtained. An observer was always present. The
receiver knew that telepathy would be attempted, but did not know the
content, nor the period of repetition.
3. Results
The results of five tests are seen in Fig. 2 to Fig. 6. Observing the
responses from acoustic stimuli, it can be appreciated that the early part
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Figure 1: Ideal AER
Figure 2: AER, tope
500 Hz, 60dB
Figure 3: AER, tone
500 Hz, 60dB
Figure 4: AER, tone
2000 Hz, 60dB
Figure 5: AER, psychic
stimulation
Figure 6: AER, psychic
stimulation
P2
NI
P2
NI
N
P2
NI
NI
P2
P2
Figure 7
- ,Scale: vertical 4 mm. = 50 microvolts,
? horizontal 1 mm. = 10millisecond
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of each AER is similar. All three have an initial high amplitude negative
?peak with a latency of approximately 120 msec. followed by a positive
peak of 200 mscc. latency. This would correspond to NI and P2 respec-
tively on the ideal AER in Fig. 1.
The response obtained when the stimulus consisted of thought patterns
is similar to those obtained using an acoustic stimulus. The amplitude is
lower but a Ni and P2 with the expected latency are present.
4. Discussion
The results of this experiment would suggest that the brain cortex of
the receiver responds to acoustic stimuli and to what is believed to be
transmitted thought in a similar manner. It does not imply that the same
areas of brain tissue are used in each process. For example, the electrodes
as used here were over the auditory cortex centers, but would have de-
tect tect responses from the more posterior visual cortex if light flashes had
be .scd as stimuli. (2, 7.) This is because, although each mode of
sensory response is generated in a unique cortex area, the electrical
response spreads over the cortex to involve other association areas. Each
known sensory mode has a fairly unique pattern, but in this experiment no
attempt was made to correlate the psychic response to known patterns.
The difficulty not dealt with in this experiment is assessing if the
obtained response is a psychokinetic phenomenon. It could be suggested
that the sender's thoughts may be influencing the equipment directly to
produce the patterns, an equally important conclusion.
S. Summary
This report describes in outline how an established technique devised
for a different purpose can and has been nesvly applied to investigate the
brain's response to a telepathic message. Although the results as pre-
sented from this experiment are not conclusive, if further research does
establish the validity of the application, then the AER to psychic stimuli
will be the first truly objective primary correlate of psychic phenomenon,
anct .)11 suggest the human brain does indeed respond to psychic phe-
nol)? orr.
o..
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Auditory Evoked Response. J. Aud. Res., 8:119-123, 1968.
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G-IGANEK, L. Variability of Visual EEG Response. Electroenceph.
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4. CODY, D. T. R., BICKFORD, R. G. Cortical Audiometry: An
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New Horizons Research Foundation 1 February, .
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