FOREIGN OFFICIAL AND PRIVATE MAP PUBLISHERS - BRAZIL

Document Type: 
Collection: 
Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): 
CIA-RDP79-00976A000200010001-6
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RIFPUB
Original Classification: 
C
Document Page Count: 
67
Document Creation Date: 
November 16, 2016
Document Release Date: 
November 15, 1999
Sequence Number: 
1
Case Number: 
Publication Date: 
November 1, 1950
Content Type: 
REPORT
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Body: 
ved For Release 2000/04/17 CIA-RDP79-0QS QO~O 1O0a1- FOREIGN OFFICIAL AND PRIVATE MAP PUBLISHERS- 'Gal ~,.\VlJ7~~7,- W-13 Published November `1950 DOCUMENT NO. N HIN CLASS. E - --~ F'E: 0 . S CHAT IGED TO. TaiS 0 14EXT mnF EW OATL: A,J'Ttt HR i0') PAT "iii iE EWE9:.375!044 I Approved For Release 2000/04/17 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000200010001-6 This document contains information affecting the na- tional defense of the United States within the meaning of the Espionage Act, 50 U.S.C., 31 and 32, as amended. Its transmission or the revelation of its contents in any manner to an unauthorized person is prohibited by law. Approved For Release 2000/04/17 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000200010001-6 Approved For Release 2000/04/17 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000200010001-6 1. This copy of this publication is for the information and use. of the recipient designated on the front cover and of individuals under the jurisdiction of the recipient's office who require the information for the performance of their official duties. Further dissemination elsewhere in the department to other offices which require the informa- tion for the performance of official duties may be authorized by the following: a. Special Assistant to the Secretary of State for Intelligence, for the Department of State b. Assistant Chief of Staff, G-2, for the Department of the Army c. Director of Naval Intelligence, for the Department of the Navy d. Director of Intelligence, USAF, for the Department of the Air Force e. Director of Intelligence, AEC, for the Atomic Energy Commission f. Deputy Director for Intelligence, Joint Staff, for the Joint Staff g. Assistant Director for Collection and Dissemination, CIA, for any other Department or Agency 2. This copy may be either retained or destroyed by burning in accordance with applicable security regulations, or returned to the Central Intelligence Agency by arrangement with the Office of Collection and Dissemination, CIA. DISTRIBUTION (M Series): National Security Resources Board Atomic Energy Commission Department of State Joint Chiefs of Staff Department of the Army Federal Bureau of Investigation Department of the Navy Research and Development Board Department of the Air Force Munitions Board Approved For Release 2000/04/17 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000200010001-6 Approved For Release 2000/04/1 IA-RDP79-00976A0QQ=QOt 001-6 R ICTED x'91 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page I. Introduction . . . . . . . . . 1-16 A. The Status of Cartography in Brazil 1 B. Triangulation . . . . . . . . . 1+ C. Topographic Maps . . . . . . . . 5 D. General Maps . . . . . . . . . . 7 E. Part Maps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 F. Special Maps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 1. Hydrographic Charts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 2. Aeronautical Charts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 3. Road Maps .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 4. Railroad Maps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 5. Agricultural Maps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 6. Mineral Resources Maps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14. 7. Public Works Maps. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 8. Cadastral Maps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 go* Boundary Maps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 II. Individual Map Publishers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17-54 A. Federal Agencies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1. Centro Nacional de Ensino e Pesquizas Agronomicas . . 17 2. Conselho Nacional de Geografia . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 3. Departamento Nacional de Estradas de Ferro . . . . . . 21 RESTRI TED Approved For Release 2000/04/17: IA-RDP79-00976A000200010001-6 -i- Approved For Release 2000/04/17 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000200010001-6 RESTRICTED TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) Page 4. Departamento Nacional de Estradas de Rodagem . . . . . . 22 5. Departamento Nacionnal de Obras de Saneamento . . . . . . 23 6. Departamento Nacional de Portos, Rios e Canais . . . 24 7. Departamento Nacional de Producao,Mineral. . . . . . 26 8. Diretoria de Hidrografia e NavegaVao, Ministerio da Marinha . . . . . .. 28 Diretoria de Rotas Aereas, Ministerio de Aeronautica . 29 10. Inspectoria Federal de Obras contra as S&cas . . . . . . 31 11. Servico Geograrico do Exercito . . . . . . . . . . . 32 B. State Agencies . . . . . is . . . . . . . . . . . ? . 12. Departamento de Estradas de R odagem,,SSao Paulo . . . . . 34 13. Departamento de Geografia e Estatistica Prefeitura do distrito Federal . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 14. Departamento de Geografia, Torras e Colonizacao, 36 Pax ana . ? . . . ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? . . ? . ? ? ? 15. Departamento de Viac o, Sao Paulo 37 16. Departamento Estadual de Geografia e Cartografia, Santo Catarina . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 17. Departamento Geogr4fico, Minas Gerais . . . . . . . 38 18. Instituto de Biologia e Pesquizas Tecnol~gicas, Parana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 19. Instituto Geografico e Geologico de Sao Paulo . . . . . 42 20. Secjao do Cadastro, Prefeitura de PBrto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 21. Sec7ao de Plantas do Cadastro, Prefeitura de Sao Paulo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ? . . 44 -ii- Approved For Release 2 4PW. CIA-RDP79-00976A000200010001-6 Approved For Release 2000/0417FRRDP79-00976A000200010001-6 TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) Page C. Private Map Publishers 22. Companhia Lithogrffica Ypiranga . . . . . . . . . . . 45 23. Companhia Melhoramentos de Sao Paulo . . . . . . . . . . 47 24. Empreza de Topografia, Urbanismo a Ccnstrugaes, .Ltda . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 25. Instituto Cartogrffico Castiglione . . . . . . . . . . . 48 26. Livraria do Globo de Barcelloo, Bertaso a Cia . . . . . 50 27. Serviros Aerof otogrametricos, Cruzeiro do Sul. . . . . . 51 28. Touring Club do Brasil 53 III. Glossary . . 55-60 RES ICC Approved For Release 2000/04/17: I RDP79-00976A000200010001-6 Approved For Release 2000/04/17 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000200010001-6 RESTRICTED A. The Status of Cartography in Brazil. The establishment of the Conselho Nacional de Geografia (CNG) in 1937 marked the beginning of the era of systematic mapping in Brazil. For the first time, the coordination of all mapping and geographic activities became the continuing responsibility of a single agency. Since 1937, great cartographic progress has been made in Brazil, but the task of mapping the entire country is still far from complete. The problems of mapping Brazil are particularly complex because of the large extent of its territory and the retarded development of large parts of the interior of the country. Although the easternmost point of Brazil was the first part of South America to be discovered and has been shown on maps since the early 1500's, only the narrow coastal zone and a still narrower strip of the adjacent highlands are today exploited and settled to any great extent. Except for a few scattered areas, the vast interior is little known, sparsely populated, and undeveloped. Practically all of the State governments as well as the federal government and a number of private cartographers make some kind of maps, charts, or plans.1 There has never been, however, a complete compilation 1. An alphabetical list of Brazilian map publishing agencies mentioned in the text is given with English translations in the glossary at the end of the paper. Note: This report has not been coordinated with the intelligence organi- zations of the Departments of State, Army, Navy, and the Air Force. RESTRICTED Approved For Release 2000/04/17 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000200010001-6 Approved For Release 2000/04/17 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000200010001-6 RESTRICTED of all known cartographic source materials into a single map of the country comparable to the Codazzi maps of Colombia and Venezuela or the DeMoussy and Instituto Geografico Argentino maps of Argentina. Maps made by federal and state agencies have usually covered only small areas with- in the boundaries of a single state, or relatively small regions including several of the smaller states. The few federal organizations that have mapped areas that overlapped state boundaries have done so principally as a part of the preliminary studies that preceded the construction of public works. Coverage by such maps is both scant and scattered. The work of private firms and individuals has been equally fragmentary. All of the maps produced by private and official organizations combined do not provide complete, reliable map coverage of Brazil. In 1922, the Clube de Engenharia produced, as a private effort, a 1:1,000,000 map in 44 sheets, but it was compiled too hurriedly to give more than a gener- alized idea of major topographic features of the country and cannot be considered as reliable. No map at a comparable scale has been made by any other Brazilian mapping agency. Aerial photographs, topographic and other reliable surveys, and compiled maps are now being used by the Conselho National de Geografia in the compilation of a set at 1:500,000 for the eastern highland and coastal area and at 1:1,000,000 for the in- terior of Brazil. In 1938, a year after the establishment of the Conselho Nacional de Geografia, each of the 1,57+ Municipios (counties) of Brazil was ordered - 2 - RESTRICTED Approved For Release 2000/04/17 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000200010001-6 Approved For Release 2000/04/17 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000200010001-6 RESTRICTED to prepare within one year a map (1:25,000 to 1:1,000,000) of its area, indicating the locations and names of all prominent physical and cultural feature$. During the next five years, 1939 through 1943, no changes were to be made in boundaries or place names. After receiving the maps, the CNG was to study them, adjust the boundary lines, and prepare a new set of place names in which there would be no duplication. The revised boundaries, including those of a few newly created municipios, and the new set of place names were to remain unchanged for another five-year period from 1944 through 1948, except in the few cases where new ter- ritories might be created by executive order. The spelling of all place names was changed to agree with the new Brazilian orthography, a simpli- cation of the Portuguese which became official on 23 February 1938. The municipio maps, now numbering over 1,700, were compiled for the most part without good geodetic control. For the first time, however, the entire extent of Brazil was mapped at a fairly large scale. In addition, an immense amount of geographic detail became available for study, classification, and use in future compilations. Wartime trimetrogon aerial photography by U S Army Air Forces (USAAF) reconnaissance squadrons covers approximately 4+5 percent of Brazil -- chiefly in the north and northeast, east of a line drawn from Rio de Janeiro to Manaus. About 15 percent of the country is covered by vertical photography flown by various private and official Brazilian organizations. These photographs provide another valuable source of -3- RESTRICTED Approved For Release 2000/04/17 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000200010001-6 Approved For Release 2000/04/17 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000200010001-6 RESTRICTED information, but full use of them cannot be made until a sufficient number of control points are established. The Inter-American Geodetic Survey is currently working with the Brazilian Government to improve coverage and control for Brazil. B. Triangulation. At present, there are only about 6,000 observed points in Brazil, many of which are of doubtful accuracy. Triangulation networks are also poorly developed. The Brazilian Navy has been making observations along the coast and the lower Amazon since the early 1820's. Early surveys of the coast were made by the British and French and, in recent years, the U S Navy and U S Coast and Geodetic Survey have cooperated with the Brazilian Navy. The Departamento Nacional de Portos, Rios e Canals (DNPRC), in cooperation with the local port authorities and the Navy, has made second- and third-order triangulations and observations in and about most of the ports and harbors of Brazil. The Servico Geografico do Exercito eid its predecessors in the Ministerio da Guerra have been taking observations and triangulating in Rio Grande do Sul since 1913, and in northeastern Brazil since the late 1930's. Since its establishment in 1937, the CNG is reported to have tri- angulated a larger area than did the mapping agencies of the Ministerio da Guerra in the past 45 years. In July 1949, the CNG completed a long first-order triangulation chain along the 49th meridian from Torres in Rio Grande do Sul to Goiiia in Goias. The CNG is now working east along RESTRICTED Approved For Release 2000/04/17 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000200010001-6 Approved For Release 2000/04/17 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000200010001-6 RESTRICTED the 20th parallel. The Servi3os Ae'reos, Cruzeiro do Sul (CdoS), a private agency under government contracts has made a good second-order triangulation of a 1,500-kilometer stretch of the Sao Francisco River and is to triangulate the entire basin, about one-tenth of the area of Brazil. In the States of Parana and Santa Catarina, observations and triangulations have been made by Dr. Reinhard Maack. State and national road departments have made low-order surveys, traverses, and leveling in connection with studies for road construction. State geographical organizations in Espirito Santo, Bahia, Minas Gerais, Sao Paulo, Santa Catarina, and Rio Grande do Sul have made low-order triangulation and leveling surveys and many observations of geographical positions. As yet, no organization has made more than a half hearted attempt to collect, evaluate and make use of all available materials of this nature. C. Topographic Maps. Although topographic mapping has been in progress since 1903, only about 15 percent of the total area of Brazil has been mapped at scales of 1:100,000 or larger. Most of the topographic maps at scales ranging from 1:5,000 to 1:100,000 have been produced by one federal agency, two state agencies, one private company, and one private surveyor. The Servi~o Geografico do Exercito (SGE) was created in 1932 by the amalgamation of two mapping organizations then under the Ministerio da Guerra -- the Comissao da Carta Geral do Brazil (CCGdoB) and the Servi7o RESTRICTED Approved For Release 2000/04/17 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000200010001-6 Approved For Release 2000/04/17 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000200010001-6 RESTRICTED Geografico Militar (SGM). The former was established in 1903. The latter was created in 1917 from the Seccao de Estereof otogrametria of the Estado Maior do ExLercito (SE), which had been established in 1914. Whereas the CCGdoB published topographic charts made from field surveys, the SGM worked principally on photogrammetric maps. Both functions have been continued within the SGE, but the topographic maps at 1:50,000 and 1:100,000 that have been made to date are limited to the Federal District and parts of the State of Rio Grande do Sul. Planimetric maps at 1:25,000 cover only parts of the states of Pernambuco, Paraiba, Rio Grande do Norte, and Ceara. All mapping is based on good quality geodetic surveys. The Instituto Geografico a Geologico de Sao Paulo (IGGSP) was estab- lished in 1896 as the Comissi,'o Geografica e Geologica de Sao Paulo and, although it has been reorganized eight times under different names and with slightly different functions, it has been active in the field of mapping in the State of SA'o Paulo since 1900. At present, over one-half of the state is covered by good topographic maps at 1:100,000 based on field surveys. The Departamento Geografico de Minas Gerais (DG-MG), organized as the Comi-ssl(o Geologica de Minas Gerais in 1891, has completed 50 sheets at 1:100,000 covering the southern third of the state of Minas Gerais. All sheets published to date are based on topographic field surveys, but future sheets will be completely photogrammetric. RESTRICTED Approved For Release 2000/04/17 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000200010001-6 Approved For Release 2000/04/17 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000200010001-6 RESTRICTED Tl,,,~;, Departamento de Aerofotogrametria of the Servilos A(reos Cruzeiro do Sul (CdoS) was established in 1935 as a section of the German-owned "Condor" air lines but today it is an independent Brazilian organization. It is outstanding as the most prolific producer of excellent quality large- scale topographic maps in Brazil and, with the possible exception of the Servicio Aerofotogrametrico Nacional of Peru, is the best equipped and organized service of its kind in Latin America. Large-scale aerial photogrammetric maps based on high-precision second-order triangulation are made on contract for government and private organizations. Most of this mapping is limited to small scattered areas extending from the State of Rio Grande do Sul to Ceard, but maps have also been made of the Sao Francisco River for the Departamento Nacional de Portos, Rios e Canals (DNPRC). Reinhard Maack, now chief geologist and topographer of the Instituto de Biologia e Pesquizas Tecnologicas (IBPT) of the State of Parana, has been active in cartographic work for over twenty years and, as a private individual, has published topographic maps of parts of the State of Parana at scales ranging from 1:25,000 to 1:100,000, based on his own tri- angulations. D. General Maps. One official and several private organizations produce general small- scale-maps of Brazil. These maps tend to be over-generalized and vary RESTRICTED Approved For Release 2000/04/17 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000200010001-6 Approved For Release 2000/04/17 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000200010001-6 RESTRICTED greatly in quality. Most of them have been compiled from a number of incomplete official and unofficial sources. The general maps of Brazil prepared by the Conselho National de Geografia (CNG) are the best and most nearly accurate, but only a few have been published. The CNG, as the official coordinator of geography and cartography for Brazil, has access to many types of information not generally available to other compilers. The best general map produced to date is the CNG Mapa do Brazil at 1:5,750,000, published in 1945. The map has hypsometric tints that appear to have been taken, with only slight revision, from the 1:5,000,000 Map of the Americas puolished by the American Geographical Society of New York. All of the numerous place names included are given in the new official spelling, internal and international boundary lines have been corrected, and road and railroad information has been brought up to date. A new edition of the CNG map is-being prepared at 1:5,000,000 for publication in 1950. The Instituto Cartografico Castiglione (ICC), successor to Jose Castiglione, who was the leading private cartographer of Brazil Tor over twenty years, has produced wall maps of the country at 1:1+,000,000 and 1:7,000,000 that include considerable detail and have a fairly high degree of accuracy. Two other private publishing firms, the Companhia Melhoramentos de Sao Paulo (Melhoramentos) and the Livraria do Globo (0 Globo) of Porto Alegre, have also compiled and published maps of Brazil as wall maps in smaller-scale editions. These maps are too RESTRICTED Approved For Release 2000/04/17 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000200010001-6 Approved For Release 2000/04/17 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000200010001-6 RESTRICTED generalized and sketchy for any use other than in schools. E. Part Maps. General maps of parts of Brazil, either single states or groups of states, are more common and usually are of better quality than maps of the entire country. Few federal agencies have made maps of this type, but the geographic organizations that have been established in many of the state governments publish general and special subject maps of their states. Each of these organizations now serves two functions -- (1) as the principal geographic and geologic mapping agency of the state and (2) as a branch of the Congelho Nacional de Geografia. Private carto- graphers and compilers also have produced state and regional maps of good quality, for which much of the information was takan from official Since 1908, the Inspectoria Federal de Obras Contra as Secas (IFOCS) has been active in mapping the periodically drought-stricken area of northeastern Brazil. This area of 258,620 square miles, almost as large I. as Texas, includes all or parts of the states of Piaui, Ceara, Rio Grande do Norte, Paraiba, Pernambuco, Alagoas, Sergipe and Bahia. Rapid re- connaissance surveys have been made of the whole area for maps at 1:400,000 to 1:5,000,000. The maps, while lacking adequate geodetic control, are fairly detailed, and are the best Brazilian maps available for the area. RESTRICTED Approved For Release 2000/04/17 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000200010001-6 Approved For Release 2000/04/17 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000200010001-6 RESTRICTED The Instituto Geografico e Geologico de Sa Paulo (IGGSP) in 1947 and the Departamento Geografico of Minas Gerais (DG-MG) in 1944 have produced creditable general maps of their states at 1:1,000,000. Both agencies compile small-scale general maps only incidentally, the principal interest of both being topographic maps. The Departamento de Geografia, Terras e Colonizacilto (DGTC) of the State of Parana and the Departamento Estadual de Geografia e Cartografia of the State of Santa Catarina (DEGC) have issued maps of the two states at the scales of 1:500,000 and 1:800,000, respectively. Both maps were published in 1948 just before the 1949-53 changes in municipios were announced and conse- quently, a few internal boundaries and place names are erroneous. Both the Instituto Cartografico Castiglione (ICC) and the Companhia Melhoramentos de Sao Paulo (Melhoramentos) have published maps of states and parts of Brazil, compiled from official sources. The ICC, in 1944, issued a topographic map of the State of Sao Paulo at 1:500,000 and general maps of Goias at 1:1,000,000, Mato Grosso at 1:2,000,000, Northern Brazil at 1:2,000,000, and. Northern Brazil and Southern Brazil at 1:1,000,000. In 1949, a new gradient-tinted map of the State of Sao Paulo was issued at 1:1,000,000. Melhoramentos printed a gradient-tinted map of the State of Sfo Paulo in 1948 and another of the states of Minas Gerais, Rio do Janeiro, Espirito Santo, and the Federal District at 1:1,450,000 in 1947. RESTRICTED Approved For Release 2000/04/17 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000200010001-6 Approved For Release 2000/04/17 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000200010001-6 RESTRICTED F. Special Subject Maps. Maps on special topics or for special uses covering all or parts of Brazil are produced by a large number of official federal and state or- ganizations. Private cartographers and commercial concerns have shown little interest in this type of map and, except for road maps, have pro- duced practically none. 1. Hydrographic Charts. The Diretoria de Hidrografia e Navega3ao (DEN) of the Ministerio da Marinha has produced excellent hydrographic charts of the coast of Brazil from Rio Parnaiba, in the north, to Uruguay and the Rio de La Plata. Coastal surveying has been in progress since the early 1820's. In the early 1860's, the French navy surveyed practically all the coast and these calculations were used for a long time by the Brazilians. Within the last 15 years, however, new detailed surveys have been made and the hydro- graphic charts are being revised from aerial photography, which now cover all of the coast south of Vitoria and five of the northern ports. The Departamento Nacional de Portos, Rios e Canals (DNPRC) has re- cently published large-scale topo-hydrographic charts of 20 of the most important ports of Brazil. These are based on local triangulations. Soundings are rechecked each year by the 18 field offices in cooperation with the local port authorities. The charts are reproduced only as Ozalid prints for DNPRC use. RESTRICTED Approved For Release 2000/04/17 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000200010001-6 Approved For Release 2000/04/,VSiqDP79-00976AO00200010001-6 2. Aeronautical Charts. The Diretoria de Rotas Areas (DRA) is the only compiler of aero- nautical charts in Brazil, although the CNG expects to enter the field in 1950. A series of 32 flight strips at 1:1,000,000 cover the major air routes of the country. Landing charts for many of the air fields, which include landing regulations, are published at large scales for inclusion in bulletins issued for DRA. Although these flight charts were reported by the CNG as being of better quality than the USAF charts of the same areas, commercial and military pilots generally prefer and use the charts made in the United States. Place names on the Brazilian flight strips have been corrected and the aeronautical information is recent and official. 3. Road. Maps . The best road maps of Brazil for general use are issued by private agencies. Although the Departamento Nacional de Estradas de Rodagem (DNER) and the Departamento de Estradas de Rodagem of each state issue official road maps, these agencies tend to emphasize projects for future road construction or details of construction. The IFOCS has made larger- scale, more reliable, and more useable maps for the states of Alagoas, Pernambuco, and Sergipe. The Touring Club do Brazil (TCB) has issued a map of central, eastern, and southern Brazil which, although at a fairly large scale, distinguishes only federal, state, and municipio roads and gives no indication of road conditions. The Standard Oil Company (Esso) Approved For Release 2000/04/17 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000200010001-6 Approved For Release 2000/04/17 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000200010001-6 RESTRICTED compiles the most reliable and useable road maps of central, eastern, and southern Brazil. Texaco has a series of 16 strip route-guides, which were revised and reissued in 19+9 for the general public. Alberto Entree, owner of the Livraria Central in Florianopolis, Santa Ctsrina, is now personally checking all roads in that state with a view to publishing a road map of Santa Catarina in 1950. The Instituto Geocartogra'fico Sagres in PlIrto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, issued a road map of that state at 1:750,000 in 19+8 and is now working on a new edition of it. 4. Railroad Maps. The Departamento Nacional de Estradas de Ferro (DNEF) has published a series of maps of separate states and groups of small states, and two maps of all of Brazil in its entirety but some of the maps are out of date. State railroad agencies, such as the Departamento de Via~ao of Sa Paulo (DV-SP), issue few maps other than those showing details of construction and-projected routes. The "Guia Levi," which is issued monthly, includes an adequate general railroad map of Brazil to accompany train schedules. The Rio de Janeiro and Sao Paulo editions of "Guia Levi" differ in only one respect -- each contains a street map of the town of issue. The Great Western of Brazil Railway, with headquarters in Recife, Pernambuco, published a map of its lines in Rio Grande do Norte, Paraiba, Pernambuco, and Alagoas at 1:1.000,000 in 1940. - 13 - RESTRICTED Approved For Release 2000/04/17 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000200010001-6 Approved For Release 2000/04/17 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000200010001-6 RESTRICTED 5. Agricultural Maps. Practically no maps on agricultural subjects have been published in Brazil. The Centro Nacional de Ensino e Pesquizas Agron&icas (CNEPA) has compiled an ecological atlas of the country showing major crops by municipios according to the most recent official data. CNEPA, however, has no immediate plans for publishing the atlas. The Divisao de Geografia (Division of Geography) of the CNG is making land use studies of areas potentially suitable for colonization. Maps are made from field and aerial photographic data. 6. Mineral Resources Maps. Few geological or mineralogical maps of all or parts of Brazil-have been issued. The Departamento Nacional de Produiao Mineral (DNPM) pub- lished a geological atlas of Brazil in 1933, which includes a separate map of each state. Present plans include a revision of these maps from data collected since 1933. DNPM has also published a geological map of Brazil and neighboring countries at 1:7,000,000 (1938), a geological map of Brazil at 1:5,000,000 (1942), maps of the geographical distribution of Mineral deposits and of mineral industries (both 1944), and a map of pos- sible petroleum fields in Brazil (1938). Numerous large-scale maps of small but important mineral areas have been printed to accompany reports in the various'bulletins issued by DNPM. The Conselho Nacional de Petroleo (CNP) has let a contract to the CdoS to make topographic maps at 1:20,000 of the petroleum field of 20,600 square kilameters in the eastern - 14 - RESTRICTED Approved For Release 2000/04/17 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000200010001-6 Approved For Release 2000/04/17 E7: CC-RDP79-00976A000200010001-6 part of the state of Bahia. 7. Public Works Maps. Maps of ports, canals, reservoirs, hydroelectric power station sites, and irrigation and drainage projects are made by the Departamento Nacional de Partos, Rios e Canais (DNPRC), IFOCS, the Divigao de Aguas of DNPM, and the Departamento Nacional de Obras de Saneamento (DNOS). These maps are at scales ranging from 1:1,000 to 1:100,000. The largest- scale maps are for special study and construction work. 8. Cadastral Maps. Cadastral maps of real estate developments, cities, and municipios have been made at scales ranging from 1:250 to 1:50,000 by official and officially contracted private agencies. Also the cadastral sections of the local governments in Rio de Janeiro, Sao Paulo, Porto Alegre, Belo Horizonte and other cities make very large-scale maps for their own use. City, town, and municipio maps at scales of 1:1,000 or larger are made by CdoS, using aerial photogrammetric methods, and by the Emprsza de Topo- grafia, Urbanismo e Construcoes, Ltda. (ETUC), using only ground surveys. According to reports, there are seven other organizations similar to ETUC in Rio de Janeiro and ETUC itself'has three branch offices in other states. The land and colonization offices in many states have made rough surveys and maps of much state-owned land, especially that which has been set aside for colonists. - 15 - RESTRICTED Approved For Release 2000/04/17 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000200010001-6 Approved For Release 2000/04/17 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000200010001-6 RESTRICTED Boundary commissions of the Ministerio de Relaoes Exteriores have been surveying, delimiting and demarcating the international boundaries of Brazil since 1872. Boundaries between Brazil and the three Guianas, Venezuela, and Colombia are defined by treaty but in general have not been surveyed; the Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay, Argentina, and Uruguay boundaries have been surveyed by joint commissions. Most of the resulting maps are in manuscript form and are filed in the $ervijo de Documentacao of the library of the Ministerio de Relaaoes Exteriores. Inter-state and inter-municipio boundary maps are under the juris- diction of the CNG, which has produced special outline maps of each state, showing the accepted boundaries and the administrative centers of states and municipios for the period 19+3-48. The various State assemblies have authorized the creation of numerous new municipios, and all published municipio maps must consequently be revised. - 16 - RESTRICTED Approved For Release 2000/04/17 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000200010001-6 Approved For Release 2000/04/17 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000200010001-6 RESTRICTED A. Federal Agencies. 1. Centro Nacional de Ensino e Pesquizas Agronomical, Ministerio de Agricultura (National Center for Agronomic Education and Research, Ministry of Agriculture) Kilometro 47 (on Rio-Sao Paulo Highway), State of Rio de Janeiro Administrative Office: Avenida Pasteur 404+, Rio de Janeiro, D..F. Dr. Alvaro Barcelos Fagundez, Director Dr. Francisco Domicio de Azevedo, Chief, Agricultural Climatology Section Dr. Arturo Holanda, Chief, Soil Fertility Section Sr. Fausto A. Fontes, Microphotographic draftsman Although the Centro Nacional de Ensino a Pesquizas Agronomicas (CNEPA) is an agricultural school rather than a napping agency, it has prepared manuscript maps for a crop atlas of Brazil. A soils map of Ceara and I Piaui is also being compiled, probably for publication in an official report. Only one cartographer-draftsman is employed but several profes- sors are engaged in research leading to the publication of maps. i Dr. Domicio de Azevedo headed a group which drew up a questionnaire to be sent to the authorities of each of the 1,700 municipios of Brazil requesting official figures on crop production. Of the municipios, 50 percent returned complete information and another 27 percent supplied incomplete data. On the basis of these returns, 22 maps showing major, secondary, and minor crops were compiled. By mid-19149, all of the maps had been completed and they show the distribution of sugar cane, beans, wheat, castor beans, rice, millet, flax, cotton, coffee, cacao, mandioca, potatoes, and other crop production. Dr. Fagundez stated in October 19+9 that although the atlas had been completed, it might never be published. - 17 - RESTRICTED Approved For Release 2000/04/17 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000200010001-6 Approved For Release 2000/04/17 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000200010001-6 RESTRICTED Dr. Holanda is preparing a generalized soils map of Ceara and Piaui as part of a study on northeast Brazil. At least six general soils types are to be shown, but the map is still in compilation. Chemical analyses of soils and data on the characteristics of the vegetation cover of the various soil types are available for much of northeastern Brazil. No indication as to the possible date of publication has been given. The drafting of the atlas and soils map is being done by hand. The atlas maps show distribution by simple black and white symbols. Both the atlas and the soils map will necessarily be generalized, as complete in- formation is not available. Both, however, will be valuable contributions to the geographic knowledge of Brazil, if and when they are printed. 2./ Conselho Nacional de Geografia, Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatistica (National Council of Geography, Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics) Main office: Edificio Serrador, 5th floor, Pracca Mahatma Gandhi 14, Rio de Janeiro, D. F. Dr. Cristovam Leite de Castro, Secretary General Dr. Jorge Zarur, Assistant Secretary Divisao de Cartografia (Cartography Division): Av. Pasteur 404 (lower floor), Praia Vermelha, Rio de Janeiro, D. F. Dr. Allyrio Hugueney de Mattos, Director Dr. Armando S. Schnoor, Chief, Revision Section Divisao de Geografia (Geography Division): Rua Senador Dantas 14, 21s-c. floor, Rio de Janeiro, D. F. Dr. Fabio de Macedo Soares Guimaraes, Director Dr. Miguel Alves de Lima, Chief, Geographical Studies Section The Conselho Nacional de Geografia (CNG) was established in 1937. It acts as the official coordinating agency for all government geographic and cartographic work. The CNG has been charged with all first-order - 18 - Approved For Release 2000/04/17 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000200010001-6 Approved For Release 2000/04/17 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000200010001-6 RESTRICTED triangulation and geodetic observations, the checking and evaluating of all existing data on geographical positions, and the compilation of gen- eral maps and the Carta Geral do Brasil (General map of Brasil) at 1:500,000 and 1:1,000,000. All of these maps are for the use of govern- ment agencies and for public sale. The CNG has produced many maps on a number of subjects and at various scales during the last 13 years. The principal objectives at present are the topographic series at 1:500,000 and 1:1,000,000, a reconnaissance topographic series of the state of Bahia at 1:250,000, a general map at 1:5,000,000, and special-subject maps of states at various scales. The Divisao de Geografia (Geography Division) has a staff of over 50 persons, only 8 of whom are cartographer-draftsmen. It produces only special maps to accompany geographic research and field studies on sub- jects such as the distribution and movement of population, land utiliza- tion, vegetation changes,. and soils. The Divisao de Cartografia (Cartography Division) which has a field force of 80 and an office staff of 106 (including photogrammetrists, re- searchers and compilers, cartographer-draftsmen, and calculators), does most of the cartographic work. As of September 1949, only 10 of the 1:500,000 sheets, 11 of the 1:1,000,000 sheets, and 5 of the 1:250,000 sheets had been published. Work is in progress on 60 other sheets at 1:500,000, 13 sheets at 1:1,000,000, and 3 sheets at 1:250,000. Photo- copies of about 30 rough preliminary sheets-were received in Washington - 19 - RESTRICTED Approved For Release 2000/04/17 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000200010001-6 Approved For Release 2000/04/17 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000200010001-6 RESTRICTED in 19+7; most of those sheets have not yet been completed. Outline maps showing the internal political divisions (municipios) have been made for each of the states and for Brazil as a whole, but must be revised in view of the additional municipios set up. A general one-sheet map of Brazil at 1:5,750,000 has been published, but it is now out of print and a re- vised edition at 1:5,000,000 is scheduled for publication in 1950. Work is also in progress on a 1:3,000,000 map of the country. The CNG plans to complete the mapping of the country at 1:500,000 and 1:1,000,000 during the next two years and to eventually produce a larger-scale set. Sources used for the 1:500,000 and 1:1,000,000 maps are listed on the individual sheets and include: (1) various surveys by SGE, CNG, and other official agencies; (2) aerial photographs taken by the USAF; (3) the American Geographical Society (AGS) 1:1,000,000 Map of Hispanic America; (4) the USAF aeronautical charts at 1:1,000,000, which include photo- grammetric information; and (5) about 1,700 maps received in response to the CNG requirement that each municipio make a large-scale map of its area. Though many are poorly drawn, the municipio maps provide much detailed information and are widely used in map compilations by CNG, . SGE, and other Brazilian organizations. Data on some 6,000 control points in Brazil are now being rechecked for accuracy by CNG and the Inter.- American Geodetic Survey (US Army Engineers): Pointe observed by US Coast and Geodetic Survey, though accepted as accurate, are few in num- ber and are located only along the coast. All maps are drafted by hand Approved For Release 2000/04/17 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000200010001-6 Approved For Release 2000/04/17 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000200010001-6 RESTRICTED on plastic with separate sheets for each color. Place names are pre- printed on transparent adhesive, which is applied to the manuscript map. The 1:6,500,000 maps issued up to 1945 were highly generalized. The 1:5,750,000 map issued in 1946, although the best and most recent official map of the country, was copied to a large extent from the AGS 1:5,000,000 map. Only minor changes were made in the physical features, but all of the place names were corrected, according to the legal requirements. At the scales on which CNG is working, the amount of detail that can be shown is limited. Accuracy varies with the sources used. Only those parts that have been taken from aerial photographs or maps made from aerial photos may be considered as being of good reliability. Nevertheless, when completed, the CNG maps at 1:500,000 and 1:1,000,000 will comprise the most recent and probably the most reliable cartographic sources of information on Brazil. The only comparable sets published are the 1:1,000,000 maps (now out of date) of the Clube de Engenharia, the 1:1,000,000 series of the AGS, and the 1:1,000,000 aeronautical charts of the USAF. i 3. gepartamento Nacional de Estradas de Ferro, Ministerio de Viagao e-Obras Publicas (National Railroad Department, Ministry of Transport and Public Works) Avenida Graja Aranha 416, 10th floor, Rio de Janeiro, D. F. Eng. Arthur Pereira de Castilho, Director General The Departamento Nacional de Estradas de Ferro (DNEF) is the official agency for the development of railroads in Brazil and publishes the offi- cial railroad maps of the country. The maps are made principally for the - 21 - RESTRICTED Approved For Release 2000/04/17 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000200010001-6 Approved For Release 2000/04/17 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000200010001-6 RESTRICTED use of the Ministerio de Viaoao e Obras Publicas, although some are issued as wall maps for public use. The cartographic staff is small and has pro- duced no maps recently. The maps previously published include general planimetric maps at scales ranging from 1:1,000,000 to 1:5,000,000 for each of the Brazilian states, or groups of small states. Special surveys, plans, and profiles are made for projected railroads, but they are at very large scales and are of no use in compiling smaller scale maps. Plans for the future include periodic revision of the general maps. Except for data on railroads, the maps are compiled from various sources, most of which are of doubtful reliability. All maps are hand drawn. They are suitable and have sufficient detail for wall maps, the coloring and lettering are well handled, and the legends are adequate. Details concerning railroads can be accepted as accurate as of the date of publication. As a whole, the accuracy of the maps Is questionable, and they should be used only for general reference purposes. 1. Departamento Nacional de Estradas de Rodagem, Ministerio de Viaoao e Obras Publicas (National Highway Department, Ministry of Transport and Public Works) Edificio "A Niote", 19th floor, Pra9a Maua, Rio de Janeiro, D. F. Francisco Saturnino Braga, Director General The Departamento Nacional de Estradas de Rodagem (DNER) is the offi- cial highway department of the national government and as such, produces maps for the use of engineers of the department and for inclusion in offi- cial reports. The staff is small and very few maps are produced. The RESTRICTED Approved For Release 2000/04/17 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000200010001-6 Approved For Release 2000/04/17 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000200010001-6 RESTRICTED DNER makes maps of Brazil only. Most of these are maps of projected high- ways. The files of the organization contain fairly complete reports on highways, distances, the condition of roads, and plans for projected roads that have been collected from state highway offices. Only small-scale generalized road maps showing highways in operation and projected highways are issued for public use. The same type of maps will be made in the future, but the DNER also plans to make a larger number of maps in cooperation with the various state highway departments. The sources used in the compilation of DNER maps are official road reports from various state highway departments and DNER records. The only acceptable geodetic information used is that acquired in surveying routes for new roads. All of the maps are hand drawn. A number have been repro- duced as Ozalid prints and have been hand colored. The maps are neat but are drawn at such a small scale that details are highly generalized. Even the detail shown is of doubtful accuracy. The maps are of use principally in planning for future road construction in Brazil. 5. Departamento Nacional de Obras de Saneamento, Ministerio de Viacao e Obras Publicas (National Department of Sanitation Work, Ministry of Trans- port and Public Works) Avenida Venezuela 53, 1-th floor, Rio de Janeiro, D. F. Dr. Camilo de Maneses, Director Eng. Clovis Correa Leitao, Chief, Hydraulic Section The Departamento Nacional de Obras de Saneamento (DNOS) is the offi- cial government agency in charge of drainage developments and sanitary measures, and produces maps of those areas in which reclamation work is - 23 - RESTRICTED Approved For Release 2000/04/17 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000200010001-6 Approved For Release 2000/04/17 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000200010001-6 RESTRICTED in progress or is needed. Although it has a small cartographic staff, the DNOS has produced a comparatively large number of maps and sketches of sec- tions of Brazil for its own use. Planimetric maps, especially of hydro- graphy, are made at various scales. No large area has been covered by any one map, but much of the marshy area along the east coast has been mapped planimetrically. Some 3,000 original maps, sketches, and plans, mostly of rivers and canals, have been made for study or inclusion in DNOS reports. Few maps are made for general publication. The DNOS plans to continue production of maps of the same type and at the same rate, but in the future more use is to be made of aerial photography and mosaics. Sources used in the compilation include DNOS river surveys without geodetic control, surveys and maps by other agencies, and ground and aerial photographs. A library of 3,000 original maps, sketches and plans, 350 air mosaics, and 3,000 photographs is available to the cartographers and engineers for reference. All drafting is done by hand and all maps, except those in printed reports, are issued as Ozalid prints. The work is neat and hydrographic features are particularly well shown. The amount of detail varies according to the scale of the map. The accuracy of the maps cannot be guaranteed, since little triangulation is used in their production. The maps are of value principally for the study of drainage basins and stream flow in eastern Brazil. 6. Departamento Nacional de Portos, Rios e Canals, Ministerio de Viagao e Obras Publicas (National Department of Ports, Rivers and Canals, Ministry of Transport and Public Works) Praca Maua 10, Rio de Janeiro, D. F. -24- Approved For Release 2000/04/17 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000200010001-6 Approved For Release 2000/04/17 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000200010001-6 RESTRICTED Dr. Clovis de Macedo Cortes, Director General Dr. Gilberto Magalhaes, Executive Director Eng. Sylvio Lopes de Couto, Director, Division of Plans and Works Dr. Jose G. de Amorim Garcia, Director, Division of Hydrography The Departamento Nacional de Portoe, Rios a Canais (DNPRC) is the offi- cial agency'for the development and care of ports, rivers, and canals in Brazil and for the production of maps for the use of engineers and officials of the Ministerio de Viacao e Obras Publicas. The 18 field (district) offices in operation are engaged in surveying and sounding ports and harbors within their districts in cooperation with the local port authorities. Charts are made, revised, and sent to the main office for information and study. The cartographic staff in the Rio office is small, and maps made are limited to Brazil. They are prepared for use in official studies and reports of the agency. Large-scale topohydrographic charts of 20 of the major ports of Brazil have been made on drafting paper suitable for Ozalid reproduction. A 1:4,000,000 map of navigable rivers in Brazil was prepared in 1947 but only Ozalid copies were made. A revised edition was lithographed for issue in late 1949 and should now be available. Large-scale topographic maps, sketches, and profiles are made for the planning and construction of ports and canals and for river control. Future production will continue along the same lines. The DNPRC has contracted with the CdoS for the construction of 1:5,000 topographic maps of the Sao Francisco River based on aerial photography and good second-order triangulation. One-third of the maps have been drafted, RESTRICTED Approved For Release 2000/04/17 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000200010001-6 Approved For Release 2000/04/17 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000200010001-6 RESTRICTED and two-thirds of the restitution and seven-eights of the triangulation were completed as of October 1, 1949. The maps are drafted on heavy drafting board and are reproducible only by,,, photography. Apparantly DNPRC has no plans for printing distribution or other copies made from these originals. Sources used in the compilation and construction of DNPRC maps are principally surveys by DNPRC and DNH engineers, and large-scale topo- graphic maps and plans produced by the government agencies concerned with rivers. The amount of geodetic data used by the agency is lim- ited and of unknown quality. All drafting is done by hand. Most of the maps are issued as Ozalid prints, blueprints, or photostats. Printed reductions are made for inclusion in reports of the DNPRC. The maps available show adequate detail for the special purposes for which they were planned and are well drawn and legible. The maps are of value because so few other maps have been made of Brazilian rivers and ports. 7. Departamento Nacional de Produ9ao Mineral, Ministerio de Agricultura (National Department of Mineral Production, Ministry of Agriculture) Avenida Pasteur 404, Rio de Janeiro, D. F. Eng. Mario da Silva Pinto, Director General Eng. Waldemar Jose da Carvalho, Chief, Division of Waters Dona Dolores Iglesias, Chief Librarian Eng. Axel Lofgren, Chief, Topographic and Geologic Map Section The Departamento Nacional de Produc7ao Mineral (DNPM), is the offi- cial Brazilian geological service, and consists of a number of small - 26 - Approved For Release 2000/04/ x' -RDP79-00976A000200010001-6 Approved For Release 2000/04/17 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000200010001-6 RESTRICTED specialized offices. Its only publications are special geologic and large- scale topographic maps of Brazil produced especially for the use of the Ministerio de Agricultura and for publication in mineral reports. No es- timate can be given of total size of the staff, since it is divided among a number of offices. Few maps are made in any given year. Several general maps at the scale of approximately 1:5,000,000 show geological formation, areas of occurrence of semi-precious stones, and deposits of ferrous and non-ferrous minerals. The 1933 geological atlas, with separate maps of each state, is in process of revision but no date for completion is given. Large-scale maps of zones of possible mineral wealth and of areas around known deposits have been made for publication in various bulletins and reports. The Seccao de Forca Hidraulica (Hydraulic Energy Section) has a large number of topographic maps of potential dam sites at 1:500 to 1:5,000. It also has a few special- subject maps showing the distribution of power plants, reservoirs, and dam sites in Brazil. In 1949, the Seciao de Hidrologia (Hydrology Section) published an atlas of rainfall containing 28 maps, and it has drafted a series of 17 maps of.the major river basins in Brazil. Large-scale relief models have also been made in the Seciao de Forca Hidraulica of at least three hydro-electric projects. Further work of the same type is planned for the future. All source material used in compilation is taken from surveys and reports made by DNPM personnel. Little or no geodetic data is used in Approved For Release 2000/04MTIC DP79-00976A000200010001-6 Approved For Release 2000/04/17 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000200010001-6 RESTRICTED the construction of small-scale maps, but large-scale site maps are usually based on triangulation. All of the drafting is done by hand. Except for the very large-scale topographic maps, the maps are generalized and show little detail. The large-scale maps cover such small and scattered areas that they would be of little use in the compilation of other maps. 8. Diretoria de Hidrografia e Navega ao, Ministerio de Marinha (Bureau of Hydrography and Navigation, Ministry of Navy); formerly Servi9o Hidrografico (Hydrographic Service) Ilha Fiscal, Rio de Janeiro, D. F. Contra-almirante Antonio Guimaraes, Director General The Diretoria de Hidrografia e Navegajao (DHN), the official mapping agency of the Brazilian Navy, publishes charts, port plans, and other materials particularly for the use of the Brazilian Navy and Merchant Marine. It was set up along the lines of the United States Hydrographie office. Although the cartographic staff is small in comparison with those of the topographic mapping agencies mentioned, over 60 coastal charts have been published. The charts and ports plans issued by the DEN are limited to Brazilian coastal areas. Charts made by foreign hydrographic offices are not reproduced, but master copies are currently revised. Publi- cations of interest to mariners are also issued by the DHN. The / Brazilian coast from Rio Parnaiba south has been covered by charts at scales ranging from 1:2,500 to 1:3,000,000. Revisions have been - 28 - RESTRICTED Approved For Release 2000/04/17 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000200010001-6 Approved For Release 2000/04/17 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000200010001-6 RESTRICTED made of a number of these charts. Plans for the future include: (1) aerial photography of the entire coast; (2) the construction of three series of charts on large, medium and small scale for the coastal area; and (3) the revision of all charts currently in use. Surveys made by the DEN and charts published by the US Navy Hydro- graphic Office (USHO), the British Admiralty, and the French Hydrographic Service and DEN aerial photography are the principal sources used in com- piling coastal charts. A Ryker plotter and 2 bars with 17 multiplex pro- jectors are used in photogrammetric work. All charts are copper-engraved for printing. Cartographic methods of the DHN are comparable to those used in USHO. Unlike the US and British charts, all land areas are over- printed in green, with relief shown by contours and form lines wherever' possible. The Brazilian charts also show greater detail of physiographic features near the coast. The charts may be reproduced easily. The USHO has rated the Brazilian charts as the best issued by any South American country, comparable to the United States charts in accuracy and content. 9. Directoria de Rotas Aereas, Ministerio de Aeronautica (Bureau of-Air Routes, Ministry of Aeronautics) Ponto do Calaboujo (Aeroporto Santos Dumont), Rio de Janeiro, D. F. Ten. Brig. Eduardo Gomes, Director General Capitao Eiser da Costa Felippe, Chief, Publications Section The Diretoria de Rotas Aereas (DRA) is the official agency for the production of aeronautical charts for civil and military use. No infor- mation is available on the size of the cartographic staff but the organi- zation is relatively new and has not yet produced many charts. RESTRICTED Approved For Release 2000/04/17 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000200010001-6 Approved For Release 2000/04/17 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000200010001-6 RESTRICTED To date, aeronautical charts are made only of Brazil, but charts covering other countries may be made later if they are needed by Brazilian commercial air lines. Some 32 flight strips at 1:1,000,000, covering the major air routes of Brazil, have been issued. These appear to have been compiled from the USAF aeronautical charts at the same scale, with minor revisions in aeronautical information and corrected place names. Bulletins on navigation and landing regulations, conditions of fields, meteorology, isogonic variation, and other flight information are published, usually with accompanying plans and maps. It is planned to cover all new flight areas and airfields in Brazil by maps and charts of the same types as those already published. No information is available on the geodetic control used in pre- paring the charts. Although Brazilian authorities claim that the charts are better than the USAF charts for the same areas, Brazilian pilots pre- fer to use US charts. The Brazilian charts, are not well made and appear amateurish in comparison with those of USAF. Physical and cultural data cannot be shown in great detail at 1:1,000,000; the accuracy of those shown depends on the sources used, but information on sources is not available. The charts may be reproduced easily but since their relia- bility is open to question, they should be used as reference maps rather than sources for compilation.. RESTRICTED Approved For Release 2000/04/17 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000200010001-6 Approved For Release 2000/04/17 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000200010001-6 10. Inspetoria Federal de Obras contra as Secas, Ministerio de Viacao e Obras Publicas (Federal Inspectorate for Drought Control, Minis- try3of Transport and Public Works); also known as Departamento Nacional de Obras contra as Secas (National' National Department of Drought Control) Avenida Nilo Pe9anha 155, 1st floor, Rio de Janeiro, D. F. y Eng. Vinicius Cesar Silva de Berredo, Director General Antonio Hirsch Marcolino Fragoso, Chief, Aerophotogrammetric service The Inspetoria Federal de Obras contra as Secas (IFOCS or DNOCS), the official federal drought control agency, is interested particularly in the semi-arid region of northeastern Brazil, which includes all of the states of Ceara and Rio Grande do Norte, and parts of the states of Piaui, Paraiba, Pernambuco, Alagoas, Sergipe, and Bahia. Maps are pro- duced principally for the use of the agency and of engineers contracted to construct reservoirs or irrigation systems. No information is avail- able on the size of the cartographic staff. The agency has been active since 1908. Only maps of northeastern Brazil are made. Those published to date include some 35 general, geologic, phytogeographic, hypsometric, pluvio- metric, and road maps of the various states and of the region as a whole. The scales of the maps range from 1:400,000 to 1:5,000,000. In addition, the Photogrammetric Section of IFOCS has made several hundred maps and plans of small areas suitable for reservoirs, dams, wells, and other drought control installations at from 1:1,000 to 1:25,000. Further work along the same general lines is planned. Com- pilation of maps at scales larger than 1:25,000 is usually based on RESTRICTED Approved For Release 2000/04/17 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000200010001-6 Approved For Release 2000/04/17 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000200010001-6 RESTRICTED photogrammetry, whereas maps at smaller scales are prepared from field re- connaissance and plane-table surveys. All drafting is done by hand. The maps are reproduced in black and white and are detailed, but tend to have inadequate legends. Brazilian authorities indicate that the reliability of IFOCS maps depends on their dates of compilation. The maps are a valuable source of information, especially since there are few other maps for much of northeastern Brazil. 11. Servico Geografico do Exercito, Ministerio da Guerra (Army Geografic Service, Ministry of War) Morro da Conceijao, Rio de Janeiro, D. F. Gral, Djalma Poli Coelho, Director General Cel. Senna Dias, Administrative Officer T. Cel. Dacio Cesar, Chief, let Division, Geodesy Cel. Jacyntho D. Moreira Lobato, Chief 2nd Division, Topography Cel. Lannes J. Bernardes Jr., Chief, 3rd Division, Photogrammetry. Cel. Jose Brito e Silva, Chief, 4th Division, Cartography Cel. Roberto Pedro Michelena, Chief,.1st Survey Division, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul The Servico Geografico do Ex4rcito (SGE), the largest official pub- lisher of topographic maps, produces maps of Brazil primarily for the use of the Army but also for sale to the public. It has a staff of over 80 persons in Rio de Janeiro, including 24 photogrammetrists and about 30 cartographers and apprentices: The let Survey Division, working out of Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, has at present a staff of 250 field men engaged in triangulation and leveling. The 2nd Survey Division, with a smaller group, i.e working out of Ponta Grossa, Paran. Although the agency has been active since 1932, only a comparatively small area has been mapped. - 32 - RESTRICTED Approved For Release 2000/04/17 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000200010001-6 Approved For Release 2000/04/17 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000200010001-6 RESTRICTED The principal output of the SGE has been topographic maps at 1:10,000, 1:25,000, and 1:50,000. The larger-scale maps are of small areas of mili- tary importance. Sheets at 1:50,000 have been made of the Argentine and Uruguayan border area, the northeastern coast areas, and the Federal District. A new Carta de Comunicacoes of Brazil south of 240S is being compiled at 1:250,000 from existing municipio maps. As of October 1949, 24 of the sheets for the states of Parana and Santa Catarina had been published. Work is in progress on sheets of the same set for Rio Grande do Sul. A new topographic series at 1:100,000 is planned for the State of Rio Grande do Sul and at least one sheet has been published. Trian- gulation of second order and precision leveling are being carried on in northern Rio Grande do Sul. SGE plans to link its lower-order triangu- lations to the first-order work of the CNG at Torres, Rio Grande do Sul, and to make the necessary adjustments on the existing net. The principal sources used in map compilation are SGE topographic and triangulation surveys, which have been made over a long period of years, and aerial photographs taken by the USAF and by private contrac- tors. All drafting and lettering is done by hand. Aerial photographs are used in the Photogrammetry Section, where two Heyde aerotopographs, one Zeiss stereoplanigraph, one Poivillier plotter, several bare of Zeiss multiplex cameras, and a number of Wolfe plotters, developed in the SGE, are used to transfer information to paper. As many control points are used as possible. This material is then sent to the Cartographic RESTRICTED Approved For Release 2000/04/17 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000200010001-6 Approved For Release 2000/04/17 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000200010001-6 RESTRICTED Section where contours, hydrography, and cultural data are drafted in ink by hand. The sheets are then reproduced at 1:50,000. Work is slaw and the number of steps required may result in slight errors. Maps are usually published in black and white and have inadequate legends, but are otherwise satisfactory. Physical features are given in detail and are usually accurate. The amount of cultural detail shown varies accord- ing to the area mapped, much of which is sparsely populated. All of the sheets may be reproduced easily. Although the maps do not compare favorably with US maps at the same scale either in presentation or in accuracy, they are the only source maps available for much of the area they cover.. B. State Agencies. 12. Departamento de Estradas de Rodagem, Secretaria de Via$ao e Obras Publicas, Estado de Sto Paulo (Public Roads Department, Secre- tariat of Transport and Public Works, State of Sao Paulo) Rua Riachuele 115, 6th floor, Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo Dr. Cicero da Costa Neves, Acting Director General Eng. Civil Valdo Silveira, Assistant to Director General The Departamento de Estradas de Rodagem (DER-SP), the official highway organization for the state of Sap Paulo, produces maps princi- pally for the use of its own engineers and officials. Both the carto- graphic staff and the annual production of maps are small. Maps are prepared only for roads in the State of Sao Paulo. The few published maps have been made principally for inclusion in DER-SP annual reports or reports on projects in.progress. Manuscript maps, plans, profiles, -34+- RESTRICTED Approved For Release 2000/04/17 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000200010001-6 Approved For Release 2000/04/17 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000200010001-6 RESTRICTED and bridge and other construction details are prepared for.all new state roads being considered or under construction. There are no plans to in- crease the rate. of publication in the future nor is any change in type of work projected. The DER-SP used the 1:100,000 topographic sheets of the IGGSP and aerial photographs, wherever possible, for planning the routes of new "highways. The projected routes are then checked in the field. A map library of over 20,000 maps, plans, charts, and diagrams in manuscript form and at extremely large scales is available for reference. All drafting is done by hand, and the finished maps are usually issued as Ozalid prints. Detail on the state maps at about 1:1,000,000 is scant and generalized., but should be considered in compiling maps at smaller scales. Most of the plans, diagrams, and profiles are not usable in map compilation because of their very large scales and lack of topographic information. 13. Departamento de Geografia e Estatistica, Secretaria Gera! de Interior e Seguranca, Prefeituro do Distrito Federal (Geography and Statistics Department, General Secretariat of the Interior and Security, Prefecture of the Federal District) Avenida Beira Mar 200, Rio de Janeiro, D. F. Dr. Sergio Nunes Magalhaes, Jr., Chief The Departamento de Geografia (DGE) is the official statistical and geographical research agency in the prefecture of the Federal District. It produces maps and statistical reports for official and public use. The cartographic staff is composed of about six cartographer-draftsmen. RESTRICTED Approved For Release 2000/04/17 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000200010001-6 Approved For Release 2000/04/17 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000200010001-6 RESTRICTED The number of maps produced each year is small and the area covered is limited to the Federal District. Topographic maps at 1:20,000, 1:75,000, and 1:125,000 have been issued, but are probably copies of the 1922 SGE map of the Federal District. A special zoning map at 1:20,000 has been made of a part of the city, Other statistical data are published by the DGE in chart form. The DGE also plans to publish a 1:75,000 con- tour map in six or seven colors and a revised aerial photogrammetric map at 1:5,000. Sources used in the preparation of maps are SGE topographic maps of the Federal District, cadastral maps, and photogrammetric surveys. All of the drafting is done by hand; the printing is contracted to pri- vate firms. Cartographic presentation is good except on the 1:125,000 map, on which too much reduction has resulted in illegibility in some places. The maps are detailed and accurate.. They may be reproduced satisfactorily in black and white but are of limited use in map compi- lation because of the small size of the Federal District. 14. Departamento de Geografia, Terras e Colonizacao, Secretaria da Agricultura, Industria e Comercio (Department of Geography, Lands and Colonization, Secretariat of Agriculture, Industry and Commerce Av. Igua~u, esq. Marechal Floriano, Curitiba, Parana Dr. Almir Miro Carneiro, Director General Dr. Alceu Trevizani Beltr9'o, Chief, Division of Geography The Departamento de Geografia, Terras e Colonizacao (DGTC) is the principal map-making agency of the State of Parana. It produced general maps of the state at 1:750,000 in 1922 and 1938, and a 1:500,000 map in -36- RESTRICTED Approved For Release 2000/04/17 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000200010001-6 Approved For Release 2000/04/17 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000200010001-6 RESTRICTED 1948. The latter was partially revised by CNG from aerial photography. DGTC is now working on topographic-cadastral sheets at 1:100,000 and on surveys of municipio boundaries. General maps for propaganda purposes are also made for other agencies, but they are usually prepared in single copies only. The DGTC has a library of 15,000 maps, which includes pro- perty, municipio, part, and state maps. The , off ice has 6 draftsmen, 2 of whom have been with the organization for over 20 years. 15. Departamento de Viacao, Secretaria de Viacao e Obras Publicas, Estado de St'o Paulo (Transport Department, Secretariat of Transport and Public Works, State of Sao Paulo) Rua Riachuelo 115, 5th floor, Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo Dr. Alfredo Borelli, Director The Departamento de Viacao (DV-SP), the official organization for the development and administration of railroads in the State of Sao Paulo, produces maps for use within the Secretaria de Viacao e Obras Publicas of the state. The cartographic staff is small and very few maps are produced. Only maps of Sao Paulo State, showing existing and proposed railroads are published, but large-scale manuscript plans, charts, and diagrams of sur- veys and construction details of particular interest to engineers are on file in the office. No maps for public distribution have been made recent- ly but a 19+9 map is being printed at present. Basic sources for maps at all scales are the IGGSP 1:100,000 and 1:1,000,000 maps, which are supplemented by original surveys by DV-SP engineers. Too few maps have been produced to make possible detailed RESTRICTED Approved For Release 2000/04/17 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000200010001-6 Approved For Release 2000/04/17 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000200010001-6 RESTRICTED evaluation.. Inasmuch as no maps more recent than 1937 are available, DV-SP maps would be of little use to compilers. 16. Departamento Estadual de Geografia e Cartografia (State Depart- ment of Geography and Cartography) Edifico Ipase, 4th floor, Florianopolis, Santa Catarina Eng. Antonio Victor Peluso, Director (on leave in US) Eng. Carlos Buchele, Junior, Interim Director The Departamento Estadual de Geografia and Cartografia (DEGC) pre- pares municipio maps at various scales, as well as general maps of the state of Santa Catarina at 1:500,000 and 1:800,000. The staff includes two geographers, three topographers, and nine draftsmen. All of the maps prepared are tied to geographical coordinates, about 300 of which have been verified and approved by CNG. Precision leveling along roads has been done by DEGC engineers working with the CNG groups. DEGC engineers also assisted the CNG in its first-order triangulation net across the state along the 49th meridian. DEGC plans to revise the general map of the State of Santa Catarina every two years, to publish topographical-cadastral sheets at 1:100,000, and to make an album of the municipio maps, principally for teaching purposes. General maps of the state are compiled from topographic and leveling surveys and from aerial photographs. The DEGC also publishes a Boletim that includes excellent geographical studies. 17. Departamento Geografico, Servigo Publico do Estado de Minas Gerais (Geographic Department, Public Service of the State of Minas Gerais) Praca da Liberdade, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais - 38 - RESTRICTED Approved For Release 2000/04/17 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000200010001-6 Approved For Release 2000/04/17 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000200010001-6 RESTRICTED Benedito Quintino dos Santos, Director Jose de Oliveiro Duarte, Chief, Astronomic and Geodetic Division Valdemar Lobato, Chief, Topographic and Cadastral Division Octavio Roecpe, Chief, Cartographic and Drafting Division The Departamento Geografico, Servir?o Publico do Estado de Minas Gerais (DG-13) is the official topographic mapping agency for the State of Minas Gerais and is the state branch of CNG. Topographic maps are pro- duced primarily for the use of state and national government departments. The staff is small and produces only a few topographic or general maps of the State of Minas Gerais in any one year. General maps of the state at 1:500,000 and 1:1,000,000 and topographic maps at 1:100,000 are the principal publications. The DG-MG also co- operated with the Secretaria de Viacao e Obras Publicas in 1944 In pro- , ducing a road map of the state. To date, fifty sheets at 1:100,000, covering about one-third of the state, have been completed. No maps were produced between 1939 and 1948 for lack of printing arrangements. A contract has been made with SGE for future printing needs and eight sheets are expected to be published during 1949-1950. In the past, about 5,000 square kilometers were topographically sur- veyed yearly by five field parties, each consisting of three topographers and two assistants.. These old surveys are of low second-or possible third-order. DG-MG is cooperating with CNG in the first-order triangu- lation of the 20th parallel through Minas Gerais. Present plans call for the continuation of field work only for triangulation, leveling, and RESTRICTED Approved For Release 2000/04/17 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000200010001-6 Approved For Release 2000/04/17 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000200010001-6 RESTRICTED the checking of existing control data. All other topographic data will be taken from locally contracted aerial photography. USAF photography will will be used if it is available, but the coverage is inadequate. A con- tract has been let to the Cia. Levantamentos Adrofotogrammetricos, S. A., of Rio de Janeiro, for 30,000 square kilometers of vertical photography in the "Triangulo Minero", or westward extension of the state. All con- trol work and restitution will be done by DG-MG personnel. Only a few Fairchild stereoscopes, a rectiplanigraph, and a stereocomparagraph are now available for photogrammetric work, but two bars of Bausch and Lomb multiplex cameras are on order. Six of the fifteen draftsmen in DG-N have been sent to the CNG and SGE in Rio de Janeiro for training in photogrammetry. Cartographic methods and equipment are modern. In general, physical features are well delineated on the maps, but the amount and accuracy of the cultural data shown varies from sheet to sheet, many of which are considerably out of date. In most cases, the legends are not full enough. Usually three or four colors are used on the maps most of which have been printed by the Cia. Lithografica Ypiranga. In the future, they will be printed by SGE. The sheets may be reproduced in black and white without much loss of detail. They are fairly reliable and provide the only large-scale map coverage for the State of Minas Gerais. 18. Instituto de Biologia e Pesquizas Tecnologicas, Secretaria de Agricultura, Industria e Comercio, Estado de Parana (Institute of Biological and Technologic Research, Secretariat of Agriculture, Industry and Commerce, State of Parana) Caixa Postal 357, Curitiba, Parana -'0 - RESTRICTED Approved For Release 2000/04/17 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000200010001-6 Approved For Release 2000/04/17 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000200010001-6 RESTRICTED Dr. Marcos Augusto Enrietti, Director Dr. Reinhard Maack, Chief, Geological Service The Instituto de Biologia e Pesquizas Tecnologicas (IBPT) is a small but active scientific organization. The Institute itself and most of the maps published and in progress are the results of the efforts of Dr. Reinhard Maack, who has spent. over 20 years in private geographical, geological, and botanical exploration and studies of the states of Parana and Santa Catarina. As yet, IBPT has published no maps except Maack's own, usually at greatly reduced scales and as inserts to accom- pany reports in the annual Arquivo and bulletins of the Institute. Drafting is now in progress on a 1:750,000 phytogeographic map of Parana. A preliminary rough draft of a geological map of the state at the same scale has been completed. Both are scheduled for publication in 1950. A hypsometric map of the state, also at 1:750,000, is planned for publication in 1951. Maack's surveys of the Rio Tibagi are in drafting and a five-sheet topographic map at 1:100,000 will be published in 1950. Maack personally does the surveying using Wild T-2 and Hildebrandt Universal instruments. Drafting is done by one cartographer and two aides. IBPT has an Ozalid machine for simple reproductions and uses the state printing office for its publications. Production is slow, prin- cipally because of shortages of funds and personnel. Maack has at least eight field books and a large file of data that are as yet unused. - 41 - RESTRICTED Approved For Release 2000/04/17 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000200010001-6 Approved For Release 2000/04/17 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000200010001-6 RESTRICTED 19. Instituto Geograpiio e Geologico de Sao Paulo, Secretaria de All Agricultura, Industria e Ccmercio, Estado de Sao Paulo (Geographic and Geologic Institute of Sao Paulo, Secretariat of Agriculture, Industry and Commerce, State of Sao Paulo) Rua Antonio Godoi 122, 8th floor, Sao- Paulo, Sao Paulo Cel. Dilermando de Assis, Director (1949- ) Eng. Aristides Bueno, Chief, Topographic Service Eng. Plinio de Lima, Chief, General Geologic Service Eng. Theodoro Knecht, Chief, Econcmic Geologic Service Eng. Nestor Aratangy, Chief, Hydrologic Service Eng. Gastao C. Bierrenbach Lima, Chief, Geodetic Service Sr. Otto Bendix, Chief, Cartographic Section The Instituto Geographco e Geologico de Sao Paulo (IGGSP) is the official topographic and geologic mapping agency for the state of Sao Paulo. It also serves as the Sao Paulo branch of the CNG and officials of the IGGSP serve on the Regional Directorate of the CNG along with representatives of other state mapping agencies. IGGSP is charged with the production of topographic maps of the entire state for the use of state government departments, but the maps are also available to the general public. The staff, including office and field personnel in the various services, numbers only 158 of which 40 are technicians and 20 are topographers. There are eight to ten staff members in the cartographic section. Only a few maps are produced in any one year. Since 1906, the IGGSP has issued 51 topographic sheets and 6 geologic sheets at 1:100)1000, 21 general maps at 1:1,000,000,. 4 general maps at 1:2,000,000, and 6 sections of a tourist map of the State of Sao Paulo at 1:200,000. The IGGSP also publishes a monthly bulletin that usually contains several small-scale maps and a large number of special - 42 - RESTRICTED Approved For Release 2000/04/17 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000200010001-6 Approved For Release 2000/04/17 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000200010001-6 RESTRICTED bulletins and reports that include statistical data and special-subject. maps. Current field work is limited to topographic surveying in southern and western Sao Paulo and to the re-surveying of the area covered by the topographic sheets for the city of Sao Paulo and its environs. Less than one-half of the state has been mapped to date. Eight sheets at 1:100,000 are currently in work and a 1:750,000 map of the state is in press. Plans call for the completion of the 1:100,000 set for the en- tire state before beginning on larger-scale maps. The IGGSP uses its own topographic surveys and data as its principal source material. IGGSP was set up along the lines of U S Geological Survey and has practically the same standards. All drafting is done by hand, with a minimum of modern equipment. The agency has no reproduction plant and most of its maps are printed by the CIA. Lithografica Ypiranga in Sao Paulo. The maps are usually printed in four colors; physical and cul- tural features are shown in adequate detail and accuracy, but legends are usually scanty. The maps reproduce well in black and white. They are usually reliable and are the best map coverage available for the State of Sao Paulo. 20. Seciao do Cadastro, Diretoria Geral de 0br.s e Via9ao da Prefeitura de Porto Alegre (Cadastral Section, General Bureau of Works and Transport, Prefecture of Porto Alegre) Palacio da Prefeitura, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul. Dr. Bozano, Director General of Works and Transport Eng. Fernando Ribero, Chief, Cadastral Section Ernesto. Sander, Chief, Drafting Office - 43 - RESTRICTED Approved For Release 2000/04/17 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000200010001-6 Approved For Release 2000/04/17 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000200010001-6 RESTRICTED The Secr~ao do Cadastro (SC-PA) makes only extremely large-scale plans for the city of Porto Alegre for use of the staff of the agency. Over 20 draftsmen are employed. The annual production of maps is unknown but less than half of the city has been mapped at scales larger than 1:1,000. In 1939, the Cruzeiro do Sul (CdoS) contracted to furnish photogrammetric maps of the city in 69 sheets at 1:1,000, of the imme- diately adjacent suburban area in 53 sheets at 1:2,000, of the remainder of the municipio in 37 sheets at 1:10,000, and of the entire area in one sheet at 1:50,000. The SC-PA uses these maps for checking its own more detailed 1:250 to 1:750 plans of separate blocks and property holdings. All drafting is done by hand and only record copies are made. The plans are currently revised. As all plans are on very large scale, they would be of limited use to map compilers in the Unites States. 21. Sec0do de Plantas do Cadastro, Secretaria de Fazenda da Prefeiture de Sao Paulo (Cadastral Plans Section, Secretariat of Finance, Prefecture of SfLo Paulo) Rua Sao Bento, 365, 3rd floor, Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo Sr. Jose Foresti, Director The Secc'o de Plantas do Cadastro (SPC-SP) produces only large-scale plans of the rapidly growing city of S'9o Paulo, principally for official use and for recording property holdings. The staff includes over 20 draftsmen. Few maps are compiled for publication but many large-scale - 44 - RESTRICTED Approved For Release 2000/04/17 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000200010001-6 Approved For Release 2000/04/17 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000200010001-6 RESTRICTED plans of individual land holdings at 1:500, 1:1,000, and 1:5,000 are completed in manuscript form every year. Four maps at 1:10,000 have been published. A 1:20,000 plan of the city is currently being revised to include new streets and subdivisions. No change in type of work is projected. Data for the plans are obtained by regular ground surveys by the SPC-SP. No aerial photogrammetric survey has been made since 1929 when the Societa Anonima Rilevamenti Aerofotogrammetrici (SARA), an Italian firm, produced maps at 1:1,000 of the central part of the city. The rest of the city was mapped at 1:5,000 with one-meter contours. Another set of five sheets at 1:20,000 with five-meter contours, was made for the whole city. These sheets, now badly out of date, have been used a great deal as a source of basic information and for checking. All drafting is done by hand and the maps are filed in manuscript form. As the plans are prepared at such large scale and are so highly special- ized, they are of little use to map compilers in the United States. C. Private Map Publishers. 22. Companhia Lithograpica Ypiranga (Ypiranga Lithographic Co.) Rua doe Gusmoes 457, Sao Paulo, Sgo Paulo Curt Reichenbach, Technical Assistant in charge of Cartography Otto Bendier, cartographer CIA Lithograaf'ica Ypiranga (Ypiranga) is a general commercial publishing company. A small cartographic section prints maps on contract -45 - RESTRICTED Approved For Release 2000/04/17 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000200010001-6 Approved For Release 2000/04/17 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000200010001-6 RESTRICTED for such official organizations as the DIF, IGGSP, DG-MG, and DEE-MG, and for private organizations such as Geobrasil, Companhia de Energia Electrica Paulista, Esso, and Shell-Mex. The staff consists of one full- time technician, one full-time cartographer, and other cartographer- draftsmen contracted as needed.. The total number of maps printed each year is not large since the staff must occasionally redraft the manuscript maps submitted, make color separations if needed, and always retouch the plates. As all. work is done on contract, the maps may be of Brazil or of foreign countries, but are usually of Brazil. All types of maps are printed by Ypiranga. The reproduction section has four cameras (the largest of which uses negatives 48 inches square), right offset machines, and six flat-bed presses. Only Esso maps are actually compiled by Ypiranga. For these, data - from Esso and IGGSP files are plotted on a base map. This is cut into parts corresponding to the Esso distribution areas and the parts are sent to the appropriate Esso distributors for corrections in distances, routes, and road conditions. The sections are then reassembled, photo- graphed, blue-lined, and traced to make the fair drawing. Esso sets up the format, suggests colors, provides raw data, but leaves other decisions to Ypiranga. Blue line prints, screens, and preprinted designs are used as drafting aids. The combination of modern drafting techniques and -4+6- RESTRICTED Approved For Release 2000/04/17 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000200010001-6 Approved For Release 2000/04/17 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000200010001-6 RESTRICTED reproduction facilities gives the finished maps a clear and professional 23. Companhia Melhoramentos de Sao Paulo: Industries de Papel (Development Company of Sao Paulo: Paper Industries) Rua Tito 479 (Lapa), Sao Paulo, S'9o Paulo Gunter Klusemann, Director General for Graphics Emil Krausz, Chief of Cartography The Companhia Melhoramentos de Sao Paulo (Melhoramentos), one of the largest private publishing houses in Brazil, specializes in children's books and textbooks, but also publishes maps for school and general use. Of the 750 employees, only 2 are cartographer-draftsmen. The annual map production averages about two per year, chiefly general maps of Brazil at 1:4,500,000 and of the six continents at 1:9,000,000. A map of the State of Sao Paulo at 1:1,000,000 was published 19+8 and a general map of the states of Minas Gerais, Espirito Santo, Rio de Janeiro, and the Federal District at 1:1,450,000 in 1947. A new edition of Pauwel's atlas is ,prepared each year. A pocket-guide plan of the city of Sao Paulo is being drafted at 1:20,000 for printing at 1:30,000. Planned for the future are a map of southern Brazil at 1:1,500,000 and a new 1:1,000,000 map of Sao Paulo showing air lines and road distances in addition to gradient tints and general data. Source materials used are those available to the general public and the resulting maps are highly generalized. All drafting is done by hand but the two cartographers are Germans with long experience. Although -4+7 - RESTRICTED Approved For Release 2000/04/17 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000200010001-6 Approved For Release 2000/04/17 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000200010001-6 RESTRICTED lettering, grids, and legends are adequate, the colors used in printing are not well chosen. The maps are usuable principally as wall maps. 24+. Empreza de Topografia, Urbanismo a Construcoes, Ltda. (Topo- graphy, Urbanism and Construction Publishing Co., Ltd.) Manuel de Carvalho 16, 7th floor, Rio de Janeiro, D.F. Eng. Civil Octavio Cantanhede, Director The Empreza de Topografia, Urbanismo e Construcoes (ETUC) is a private mapping organization which makes cadastral and topographic surveys on contract for official and private agencies. The cartographic staff numbers only seven, but a relatively large number of maps have been made on contract during the last few years. Cadastral and topographic maps of cities, municipios, real estate developments, dam sites, trans- mission lines, and factory sites are made at scales ranging from 1:1,000 to 1:10,000. The number of contracts has increased and ETUC may possibly produce maps in large numbers in the future. Branch offices have been set up in Vitoria, Juiz de Fora, and Florianopolis. Sources used in construction of ETUC maps are actual ground surveys. No aerial photographs are used as yet. All of the cartographic work is done by hand and the maps are neat, detailed, and accurate. They are available only through the contracting agency. 25. Instituto Cartograpico Castiglione (Castiglione Cartographic Institute); successor to Jose Castiglione Rua Joao Bricola 39, 7th floor, Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo Armando Castiglione, Director-Cartographer -48- RESTRICTED Approved For Release 2000/04/17 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000200010001-6 Approved For Release 2000/04/17 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000200010001-6 RESTRICTED The Instituto Cartografico Castiglione (ICC) is the most prolific private producer of general maps for public sale in Brazil. Jose Castiglione, the father, was the leading private cartographer in Brazil from 1906 until his death in 194+4+. The ICC is still a one-man organiza- tion, with Armando Castiglione doing all the research, compilation, drafting, and the final correcting of the plates. The annual production is about six maps per year, including revisions. The ICC is interested principally in general maps of all or parts of Brazil, but it has published city plans of Sao Paulo and Santos and a few compiled topographic maps at 1:100,000 of the coastal area of the State of Sao Paulo. Lithographed general maps of Brazil have been published at 1:1,000,000 (19+8) and 1:7,000,000 (19.5), of South America at 1:5,000,000 (1945), of the State of Sao Paulo at 1:1,000,000 (191+8), and of the State of Rio de Janeiro including the Federal District at 1:400,000 (1944). Maps in the form of Ozalid prints have been issued for Mato Grosso at 1:2,000,000, northern Brazil at 1:2,000,000, north- eastern Brazil, southern Brazil and the State of Goias at 1:1,000,000, and the state of Sao Paulo at 1:500,000, as well as a city plan of Sao Paulo at 1:20,000. Plans for the future include the annual revision of the city plan of Sao Paulo (from aerial photographs) and the map of Brazil. In work are a general world atlas for school use, a large-scale plan of Sao Paulo city that shows bus and streetcar routes, a guide to the city - "9 - RESTRICTED Approved For Release 2000/04/17 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000200010001-6 Approved For Release 2000/04/17 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000200010001-6 RESTRICTED containing maps at 1:10,000 of each of the political divisions and a complete street index, and a topographic and transportation map of the state in large 1:100,000 sheets. Sources used include official state and federal government maps, aerial photographs, and statistical data. Some of the ICC topographic maps are copies, with slight revisions, of IGGSP and SGE maps. A small reference library has been established, which consists of about 500 official maps and the most reliable privately produced maps, and a number of original, unpublished manuscripts of explorers, geographers, and engineers. All drafting is done entirely by hand. Corrections are made on the final zinc plates rather than on the fe.ir drawings because Castiglione considers it easier and cheaper. The lettering and line work are well done and the choice of colors is good. The maps published include a vast amount of detail, especially place names, and are fairly accurate. As all maps are compilations; they cannot be regarded as primary sources of information but may well be used as bases for plotting additional data. 26. Livraria do Globo, S.A. (The Globe Bookstore Co.) Rua dos Andradas 1+16, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul Dr. Jose Bertaso Filho, Director of Commercial Section Sr. Henrique Bertaso, Director of Editorial Section Livraria do Globo (0 Globo) is a private publishing house and book store that occasionally prints maps for school use and for official RESTRICTED Approved For Release 2000/04/17 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000200010001-6 Approved For Release 2000/04/17 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000200010001-6 RESTRICTED agencies in southern Brazil. 0 Globo usually reproduces under contract and sells maps compiled by such government agencies as the Secretaria de Agricultura, Industria e Ccmercio (SAIC) of the State of Rio Grande do Sul, and by private individuals. Few maps other than those of Brazil are published. In recent years, only general maps of Rio Grande do Sul at 1:750,000 and 1:1,500,000, and of Brazil at 1:5,000,000 have been issued. A new map of the State is being printed for SAIC for issue in 1950. A general world atlas by A.G. Lima, designed for students in grammar schools, was reprinted for the eighth time in 19+8 with no obvious revisions or improvement in quality. One cartographer is at present em- ployed in compiling and drafting maps of Brazil and of the various states for school atlases of southern Brazil and northern Brazil. The maps are fairly detailed for their scale and the atlases should be better than any now in existence. The maps printed for government agencies are compiled from official source material by the agency itself and are usually more reliable than those compiled by other-private firms. The small-scale map of Brazil is over-generalized and of little use except as a wall map. 27. Servicos Aereos Cruzeiro do Sul, Ltda., Departamento de Aerofotogrametria, (Cruzeiro do Sul Air Services, Aerial Photogrammetry Department) Avenida Pasteur 429, Rio de Janeiro, D.F. Eng. Edson de Alencar Cabral, Director Eng. Pablo Barros,IAsst. Director RESTRICTED Approved For Release 2000/04/17 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000200010001-6 Approved For Release 2000/04/17 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000200010001-6 RESTRICTED The Photogrammetry Department of Cruzeiro do Sul (CdoS), a privately owned airline, does photogrammetric surveying and topographic mapping on contract for a large number of government agencies and private companies. Some maps are made for the use of the airline itself but most are for the use of other agencies. The staff numbers over fifty of which half are cartographers and draftsmen. A relatively large number of topo- graphic and cadaatral maps of Brazil have been produced since the agency was established in 1935. The company specializes in large-scale maps and has completed over 60 projects to date. Cadastral maps at 1:1,000, 1:2,000, and 1:10,000 have been made of the municipio of Porto Alegre, and at 1:1,000 and 1:2,000 of the city of Salvador (Bahia). Topographic maps of various real estate developments near Rio de Janeiro have also been prepared for private interests, and of islands in Guanabara Bay (Rio Harbor) for the Ministerio da Marinha. Several river valleys in Rio Grande do Sul and other states have been mapped for state or national sanitation organizations. CdoS has contracted to map an area extending for 1,500 kilometers along the Sgo Francisco River at 1:5,000 (about 9,000 sheets) for the Departamento Nacional de Portos, Rios, e Can is (DNPEC) of the Ministerio de Viacao e Obras Publicas. All. of the photography, one-third of the maps, two-thirds of the restitution, and seven-eighths of the triangulation have been completed. A contract has also been signed with the Conselho Nacional de Pet.roleo for maps at 1:20,000 of the petroleum RESTRICTED Approved For Release 2000/04/17 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000200010001-6 Approved For Release 2000/04/17 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000200010001-6 RESTRICTED field in the eastern part of the state of Bahia, an area of 20,600 square kilometers; all of the area has been photographed and photomaps are being made. The CdcS has also been contracted by CIA. Hidroeletrica do Sao Francisco to map the entire Sao Francisco basin, approximately one-tenth of the area of Brazil, at 1:25,000. Over 130,000 square kilometers in the southern part of the basin had been flown in 1949. Photogrammetric equipment in use consists of two stereoplanigraphs and seven multiplex bars with about 50 projectors. To a large extent, new Bausch and Lomb equipment has replaced the older Zeiss cameras, but Zeiss cameras are still used on some work. The drafting is excellent and all possible care is taken to prevent subsequent distortion due to ex- pansion or contraction of drafting papers or to reproduction materials. The maps are exceptionally detailed and are based on good quality second-order triangulation made by engineers of the company. The maps may be'reproduced in black and white without great loss of detail. The work done by CdoS is the best and most reliable of any agency in Brazil. No maps, however, may be obtained directly from CdoS, since all source material and maps become the property of the contracting company or agency. Maps must therefore be obtained from such agencies. 28. Touring Club do Brazil (Touring Club of Brazil) Praca Maua, Rio de Janeiro, D. F. Dr. Edgardo Chagas Doria, Secretary General RESTRICTED Approved For Release 2000/04/17 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000200010001-6 Approved For Release 2000/04/17 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000200010001-6 RESTRICTED The Touring Club of Brazil (TCB) is a private automobile association that issues only road maps of Brazil for the use of its members. one draftsman is employed and comparatively few maps have been made. One or two maps per year are being issued, generally of tourist attractions in the vicinity of Rio. One large map of east central and southern Brazil was published in 19+6 but has never been revised. There is no indication that the rate of production will be increased in the future. The sources used in the compilation of the road maps are DNER re- ports and data from the various state road departments and from surveys by TCB personnel. All of the drafting is done by hand. The informa- tion presented is highly generalized and roads are classified only as national, state, and municipio roads. Although the maps are easily reproduced in black and white, the information shown is of little use in map compilation. -54- Approved For Release 2000/0 FX-RDP79-00976A000200010001-6 Approved For Release 2000/04/17 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000200010001-6 RESTRICTED III. GLOSSARY I. Official Agencies. Abbreviations A. National Centro Nacional de Encino e Pesquizas Agronomicas, Ministerio de Agricultura (National Center for Agronomic Education and Research, Ministry of Agriculture) Comissao da Carta Geral do Brazil (Commission for the General Map of Brazil) Predecessor of SGE founded in 1917 from Sec ao de Estereofotogrametria of the Estado Malor do Exercito Conselho Nacional de Geografia,.,Instituto CNG Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatistica (National Council of Geography, Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics) Conselho Nacional de Petroleo CNP (National Petroleum Council) Departamento Nacional de Estradas de Ferro, Ministerio de Viacco e Obras Publicas (National Railroad Department, Ministry of Transport and Public Works) Departamento Nacional de Estradas de DNER Rodagem, Ministerio de Via ao e Obras Publicas (National Highway Department, Ministry of Transport and Public Works) - 55 - RESTRICTED Approved For Release 2000/04/17 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000200010001-6 Approved For Release 2000/04/17 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000200010001-6 RESTRICTED Official Agencies. National (cont.) Departamento Nacional de Obras contra as Secas, Ministerio de Viacao e Obras Publicas (National Department of Drought Control, Ministry of Transport and Public Works) Abbreviations Departamento Nacional de Obras de DNOS Saneamento, Ministerio de Viacao e Obras ' Public as (National Department Sanitation Works, Ministry of Transport and Public Works) Departamento National de Portos, Rios e DNPRC Canais, Ministerio de Viacao e Obras Publicas (National Department o? Ports, Rivers and Canals, Ministry of Transport and Public Works) Departamento Nacional de Producao Mineral, DNPM Ministerio de Agricultura A (National Department of Mineral Production, Ministry of Agriculture) Diretcria de Hidrografia e Navegajao, DHN Ministerio de Marinha; formerly Servi9o Hydrograftco (r ireau of Hydrography and Navigation, Ministry of the Navy) Diretoria de Rotas Aereas, Ministerio DRA de Aeronautica (Bureau of Air Routes, Ministry of Aeronautics) Inspectoria Federal de Obras contra as IFOCS S9cas, Ministerio de Viacao e Obras Publicas (Federal Inspectorate' for Drought Control, Ministry of Transport and Public Works) -56- RESTRICTED Approved For Release 2000/04/17 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000200010001-6 Approved For Release 2000/04/17 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000200010001-6 RESTRICTED Official Agencies. Abbreviations National (cont.) Seccao de Estereof otogrametria, Estado SE Servi9o Geografico do Exercito, Ministerio SGE da Guerra (Army Geographic Service, Ministry of War) Mai6r do Exercito (Stereophotogrammetric Section, General Staff of the Army) Servico de Documentacao, Ministerio de Reiacoes Exteriores (Dccumentation Service, Ministry of Foreign Relations) i Servijo Geografico Militar, Ministerio SGM da Guerra (Military Geographic Institute, Ministry of War) B. State. Comissao Geografica e Geologica de Sao Paulo (Geographic and Geologic Commission of Sao Paulo) Departamento de Estradas de Rodagem, Secretaria de Via ao e Obras Publicas, Estado de Sao Paulo (Public Roads Department, Secretariat of Transport and Public Works, State of Sao Paulo) Departamento de Geografia e Estatistica, DGE Secretaria Geral de Interior e Seguranja, Prefeitura do Distrito Federal (Geography Department, General Secretariat of the Interior and Security, Prefecture of the Federal District) - 57 - RESTRICTED Approved For Release 2000/04/17 CIA-RDP79-00976A000200010001-6 Approved For Release 2000/04/17 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000200010001-6 RESTRICTED Official Agencies. State. (cont.) Abbreviations Departamento de Geografia, Terras e DGTC Colonizajao, Secretaria de Agricultura, Industria e Comercio, Estado do Parana (Department of Geography, Lands and Colonization, Secretariat of Agriculture, Industry and Commerce, State of Parana) Departamento de Viacao, Secretaria de DV-SP Viaqao e Obras Publl cas, Estado de Sao Paulo (Transport Department, Secretariat of Transport and Public Works, State of Sao Paulo Departamento Estadual de Geografia e DEGC Cartografia, Estado de Santa Catarina (State Department of Geography and Cartography, State of Santo Catarina) Departamento Geografico, Servico Pblico DG-1G do Estado de Minas Gerais (Geographic Department, Public Service of the State of Minas Gerais) Instituto de Biologia e Pesquizas Tecnologicas, IBPT Secretaria da Agricultura, Industria e Comeriio, Estado de ParanS' (Institute of Biology and Technical Research, Secretariat of Agriculture,,, Industry and Commerce, State of Paraa) Instituto Geografico e Geol6gico de Sao IGGSP Paulo, Secretaria de Agricultura, Industria e Comercio, Estado de Sro Paulo (Geographic and Geologic Institute of Sao Paulo, Secretariat of Agriculture, Industry and Commerce, State of Sao Paulo) - 58 - Approved For Release 2000104i'll Approved For Release 2000/04/17 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000200010001-6 RESTRICTED Official Agencies. Abbreviations State. (cont.) SecOo de Plantas do Cadastro, Secretaria SPC-SP de Fazenda, Prefeitura de Sao Paulo (Cadastral Plans Section, Secretariat of Finance, Prefecture of Sao Paulo) Seccao do Cadastro, Diretorio Geral de SC-PA Obras e Via9ao da Prefeitura de Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul - (Cadastral Section, General Bureau of Works and Transport, Prefecture of Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul) II. Private Agencies. Clube de Engenharia (Engineering Club) Companhia Lithografica Ypiranga (Ypiranga Lithographic Co.) Companhia Melhoramentos de Sao Paulo: Industrias de Papel (Development Company of Sao Paulo: Paper Industries) Departamento de Aerofotogrametria, Servicos Aereos Cruzeiro do Sul (Air Photogrammetry Department, Cruzeiro do Sul Air Service) Empreza de Topografia, Urbanismo e Construcoes, Ltda. (Topography, Urbanism, and Construction Co., Ltd.) Guia Levi (Levi Guide) CE Ypiranga Melhoramentos CdoS ETUC RESTRICTED Approved For Release 2000/04/17 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000200010001-6 Approved For Release 2000/04/17 : CIA-RDP79-00976A000200010001-6 Private Agencies. Abbreviations Instituto Cartografico Castiglione ICC (Castiglione Cartographic Institute) Instituto Geocartografico Sagres (Sagres Geographical Institute) Livraria Central de Alberto Entree (Central Bookstore of Alberto Entree) Livraria do Globo, S.A. 0 GLOBO (The Globe Bookstore Co.) Esso Standard Oil Company Esso Touring Club do Brazil TCB (Touring Club of Brazil) - 6o - Approved For Release 2000/04/'fST8iA-%P79-00976A000200010001-6 Approved For Release 2000/04/17 CIA-RDP79-00976A000200010001-6