MIL-GEO: THE GEOGRAPHIC SERVICE OF THE GERMAN ARMY

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP79-00976A000100120001-5
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: C
• Document Page Count: 208
• Document Creation Date: November 9, 2016
• Document Release Date: July 28, 1998
• Sequence Number: 1
• Publication Date: September 1, 1951
• Content Type: REPORT

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MIL-GEO: THE GEOGRAPHIC SERVICE
OF THE GERMAN ARMY
M-12
Published September 1951
nf)C! _ P.T NO.
NO ?,.?,~r,.- IN CLASS.
n.~C-?;t tip. Jl~ 11 LATC: .._
AU fH. iHI "7O '
? I
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
i~.IVAL 13:~C0~?.D
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THIS DOCUMENT CONTAINS INFORMATION AFFECTING THE
NATIONAL DEFENSE OF THE UNITED STATES, WITHIN THE
MEANING OF TITLE 18, SECTIONS 793 AND 794 OF THE
U. S. CODE, AS AMENDED. ITS TRANSMISSION OR REV-
ELATION OF ITS CONTENTS TO OR RECEIPT BY AN UN-
AUTHORIZED PERSON IS PROHIBITED BY LAW.
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I. Introduction......... ................. ... .. ............... 1
II. Mil-Geo in Relation to Other Geographic Agencies........ 2
III. Pre-World War II Background of Mil-Geo... 0.0.0 .......... Ii.
A. Before J_935 ........................................ 4
B. 1935 to September 1939 ............................. 6
IV. Mil-Geo during World War II..... ........................ 8
V. Comments on Areal Coverage by Mil-Geo Publications ...... 13
A. Textual Publications .... ................... 13
B. Maps..... ........................................... 15
VI. Techniques and Methods .................................. 17
VII. Evaluation of Mil-Geo Publications ...................... 20
A. General.....,....................., ................ 20
B. Northwestern and Western Europe.................... 21
C. Southeastern and Southern Europe........... ........ 24
D. Poland... .... so .... so.oess .... a ... 9 ........ 25
E. TJSSR ............................................... 26
F. Middle East and Africa ............................. 30
APPENDIX A: INVENTORY AND ANALYSIS OF MIL-GEO
PUBLICATIONS (ARRANGED BY AREA) ........................ 32
Introduction .................................................. 32
Northwestern and Western Europe ............................... 34+
Northwestern Europe (from Varanger Fiord to the
French-Spanish Border) ................................ 34+
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Austria... .......................................?..... 36
Belgium ...................:.............................38
Denmark ............ .................................... 41
Finland ................................................ 44
France and Corsica .... .......... .- ...................... 47
Germany.............................. ... ............... 55
Ireland (including Northern Ireland) ......... .......... 58
The Netherlands ........................................ 60
Norway (including Svalbard) ...... ....... 64
Scandinavia..,,,,,-,,,., ....... * .... *-a .... * ..... so* ... 70
Spain and Portugal ............... *too .-............... .. 72
Sweden.... ... *so**** ..... ............ 9 ....77
Switzerland ............................................ 79
United Kingdom (excluding Northern Ireland)............ 80
Southeastern and Southern Europe ...... ......................?. 89
Southeastern Europe.... ... ...............-.............. 89
Albania ................................................ 92
Bulgaria, ..............................-.........-,...... 94
Cyprus..... ... of*..* ..... 0 .... ............ 0 95
Czechoslovakia..* ....... 4 ... s...o.t.9so ... #.* ....... so. 96
Gibraltar .................... ............ 98
Greece., . . . . . .... . . . . . ? . . . , ? . . . . ? - ... .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
Hungaxy ................................................107
Italy., .... *meet* .... o..s ...... a ... o..ostoo.oot ........ lo8
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Malta ..................................................113
Rumania.... ........ . .. . . . . .. . . ... ............. .... . . . . .114
Yugoslavia. ............................................119
Poland ........................................................122
USSR .o ........................................................126
The Middle East ...............................................11i1
Afghanistan and Western Pakistan.......... ...... o ... oo.145
Iran ...................................................147
Iraq ...................................................150
Israel, Arab Palestine, and Jordan .....................152
Syria and Lebanon ......................................154
Turkey*....,,.*.*, .... so ...... ee*os**oooo-s ............ 156
Africa ........................................................161
Algeria ................................................163
Dakar (including Senegal and Gambia) ...................165
Egypt and Northeastern Africa ..........................167
Libya... : .............................................. 172
Morocco.......,----, .....?....................?..175
Spanish Sahara .........................................178
Tunisia., ... o-o ... ......... o-ol79
..........Far East - Pacific Basin (including the United States) ........ 181
APPENDIX B: GLOSSARY .........................................182
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I. Introduction
Mil-Geo was the geographic service of the German Army. In
World War II the organization published a large number of handbooks
and maps of strategic areas for operational and strategic use. Al-
though these publications are now 5 to 10 years old, they still pro-
vide ii concise but. comprehensive form basic geographic information
of value to the US intelligence agencies. The reports supply
summaries of geographical information for all countries of Europe,
the Soviet Union, North Africa, and the Near East. For some areas,
Mil-Geo maps are either the best or the only interpretive military
maps available. The techniques employed by Mil-Geo are significant
because they represent the results of a generation of experience
and because they culminated in the production of new and useful
types of publications. The reliability of the information in Mil-
Geo publications, however, is not uniformly accurate, since some of
the publications were based on field work or were checked in the
field and others were compiled from existing source materials.
The purpose of this report is to provide a description of Mil-
Geo and its operation and a complete annotated inventory of Mil-Geo
publications available in Washington. At a later date the Military
Geology Branch of the US Geological Survey plans to undertake an
analysis of the more technical aspects of Mil-Geo methods and
publications.
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This report is divided into three parts. The body of the report
is a general description of Mil-Geo -- its organization, background,
methods of operation, and the character of its publications. Appen-
dix A is an annotated list of all Mil-Geo reports and maps available
in Washington, arranged by countries. The final section, Appendix
B, is a glossary of German words appearing in the report.
Many people in a number of agencies have provided data used in
the report, as well as assistance and suggestions during the prepa-
ration. of the manuscript. The best sources for procuring loan copies
of Mil-Geo materials are the Army Map Service; the CIA Map Library;
and the German Military Documents Section, Office of the Adjutant
General, Department of the Army. The best collection of Mil-Geo
map series is at the Army Map Service Library.
II. Mil-Geo in Relation to Other Geographic Agencies
Each of the German military services had a geographic unit (see
Chart 8081+). Mil-Geo served the Army; Mar-Geol (Marinegeographie --
Naval Geography), the Navy; and Luft-Geo (Luftgeographie -- Air
Geography),the Air Force. The Department of Defense (Oberkommando
der Wehrmacht -- OKW) had a special geographic unit called the
Forschungsstaffel.2 Although these four geographic organizations
collaborated closely at times, there was also considerable rivalry
among them.
1. See Department of State, OIR, No. 3701+.
2. See Department of State, OIR, No. 3705.
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 Approved For Release
Wehrmachtbefehlshaber
(in occupied areas)
Reichssicherheitshauptamt
(RSHA)
Militdrbefehlshaber
(in occupied areas)
A6teilung fiir Kriegskarten-
und Vermessungswesen (Abteilung
9-Generalstab des Heeres)
I Organisation
E 11 Kartenwesen
III Vermessungswesen
IV Militorgeagraphie
(MIL-GEO)
a. MIL-GEO headquarters BERLIN (later GOTHA)
b. MIL-GEO detachment in each
Wehrkreiskammando
C. Aussenstellen
Mil-Geo-Gruppe
Frankreich
Serbien
Sud (Italy)
Griechenland
Rumanien [with Military Mission]
Niederlande
Norwegen
Ostland
Danemark
Belgien und Nardfrankreich
[Russland]
Generalstab des Hacres
Chef des Kriegskarten-
und Verm ungswesens
Generalleut ant Hemmerich
Heeresplankammer
(Kriegskartenhauptamt
after November 1943)
OKW
Oberkommando der
Wehrmachl
General der
Plonlere und
Festungen
Gruppe
Wehrgeolagie*
Leiter
Zentral-Aufgaben
Regictratur
Zahlmeistere!
Planmaterial Ausland
Gruppe Rechnungsstelle
Gruppe I Planarbeiten Ost
Gruppe II Planarbeiten West
Gruppe III Planarbeiten Afrika und Kolonien
Gruppe IV SUdosten
Verm sung
G uppe I Triangulation
Gruppe II Bildmessung und
Verbindungskommando
Bildmessung (VBK)
Kartenherstallung
Kartographie
Druckerei
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OKL
Oberkaand.
der Luftwaffe
A6teilung 7
LOFT-GEO.
1. map supply
Z. navigational chart.
3. air geography, library,
photo library
4. training
5. planning and policy
6. public relations, censorship
Hidhrre Offiziere des
Kdegskarten-und
Vernessungswenenc
West
Kriegskarten-und Vermessungsamt
Paris
Brassel
Utrecht
Sad-ost
Heeresvermessungastelle Wien
Kriegskarten-und Vermessungsamt
OKM
Oberkommando
der Kriegsmarine
SKI
Seekriegsleitung
SKI. VI
Amtsgruppe Nautik
Nautisch- W issenachahliche
Abteilung
I Hydrographic Div sion (including Deutsche Seewarte)
II Nautisch-Wise chaftliche A6teilung (including MAR-GEC.)
III Meteorological Division(Marinewetterdienet and Marineobservatorium)
Kbmmandeur der
Karten-und Vermessungstruppen
Armeegruppe
la/Mess
Armes
la/Mess
Kartenlager
Vermessungs-und Kartenabteilung
(motorized)
Karp,
Frog la/Mess
Belgrad Kartenlager
Ashen Beobachtungsabteilung
Zagreb Druckereizug
Oct Vermessungsbatterie
Kriegskarten-und Vermessangsamt Division
Warschau la/Mess
Artillerieschule
Kurs C.Juterbag
elf This office coordinated all geological work in the armed forces, encept that
done by the Waften SS. Late in the war, Gruppe Weh,geolagis absorbed a lore,,
geological ,nir that had been under Festungen V, WaHen Priifungsamt,
Heereswaffenamt (HWA), Chef der Riistungen und Befehlehaber der Enataheeres.
Minsk L Regiment (artillery) NOTE: This chart doe, not show command channels as of any given period. Rather,
Kiew Felddruckereiobteilung t .epraents in simple leans the Functional relatianchips of geographic and mapping
Kharkhav units of the German armed force. The information has been gathered from any
Riga s. Although it has been carefully checked, there are still gaps and
Kowno conslstencies. Various economic, meteorologic
photographic
and other units with
,
,
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aid unnece I
la/Mess in each
Wehrkreiskammando
Wehrkreiskartenlager
Armeekartenlager(reserve supply)
Mil-Geo detachment
library
artrey
reproduction
cartography
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Each: agency had a special mission to perform, but inevitably
some of their functions overlapped. Whereas Mil-Geo produced geo-
graphic handbooks and maps primarily of land areas, Mar-Geo pro-
duced maps and studies of coastal areas. The Forschungsstaffel
issued special.trafficability maps for small areas of strategic im-
portance but. rarely published textual materials. Luft-Geo maps and
handbooks were designed for strategic air operations and for training
purposes.
Mil-Geo initiated several new types of work that were later
developed more intensively by the other geographic units. For
example, Mil-Geo prepared coastal maps of a new type for the British
Isles and other areas. Mar-Geo, which was established in 1942, later
improved the techniques for presenting coastal geography and provided
coastal maps and evaluations for inclusion in Mil-Geo publications.
The two organizations collaborated particularly closely in Norway.
Early in the war, Mil-Geo produced a new type of map called an
Operationskarte. This map was designed to show terrain types,
relief, traff icabil.ity, and, in some cases, billeting capacity.
After 19+2 the Forschungsstaffel developed and improved the tech-
niques that Mil-Geo had introduced. Mil-Geo and the Forschungsstaffel,
although great rivals, collaborated in some areas, notably Greece
and the Pripet Marsh of Poland. Although liaison was established
between Mil-Geo and. Luft-Geo, there is no evidence of collaboration
in the production of. maps and reports.
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In the United States the term Mil-Geo has been applied loosely
to a number of German agencies. Correctly used, the term refers
both to the producing agency and to its publications. Failure to
distinguish between the publications of the various German geographic
agencies is probably the chief reason why users encounter difficulty
and delay in obtaining Mil-.Geo publications from libraries where
they are on deposit. In some cases the practice of designating
other geographic intelligence studies as "Mil-Geo's" also has re-
sulted in incorrect cataloging and filing.
III. Pre-World War II Background of Mil-Geo
A. Before 1935
Although Mil-Geo was not formally organized until 1935, the
concept of military geography had long been prominent in German
military thought. A military geographic description of Germany, for
example, was published in 1889,1 and a military geographic analysis
of the countries bordering Germany on the west was issued in 1908.2
Furthermore, training in terrain analysis had for a long time been
given to German soldiers in all ranks.
During World War I, several military geographic studies were
produced by the German General Staff and were used down to regiment
levels. Few of the publications, however, are in existence
1. Militar-geographische Beschreibung von Deutschland, Berlin, 1889.
2. Militar-geographische Beschreibung von Nordost Frankreich, Luxem-
burg, Belgien, SO Niederlande and NW Schweiz, Grossen Generalstabe,
Berlin, 1908.
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today, and none of the military geography procedures or directives
was available for the use of the Nazi Army.
The beginning of modern German military geography dates back
to 1924, when a file of strategic objectives and installations was
incorporated into the Abteilung Truppenamt of the Reichswehrminis-
terium. Gradually the file was expanded to include most of the im-
portant bridges, factories, and key buildings in Germany. Entries
were made on cards according to a uniform system, and the file was
called Einheitsobjektkartei (uniform target file, abbreviated as
EOK). Mil-Geo developed EOK files for many areas to provide basic
data for its publications. EOK data were plotted on sheets of the
1:100,000 map of Germany. Both the files and the maps were available
to interested government offices and were considered valuable for
handling internal disturbances and for defensive purposes.
Textual materials issued before 1935 were principally inven-
tories of the bridges, roads, rivers, etc., of the area covered by a
sheet of the 1:100,000 map. Such data were published, along with
the appropriate map sheets, in pocket-size volumes entitled Militar-
geographische Einzelangaben fur die Truppenfiihrung zum Einheitsblatt,
At least a dozen of these volumes were issued between 1930 and 1935?
River studies also were produced before 1935.. Among these were
Das Odergebiet, Berlin, 1930, and Zusammenstellung der Ubergange im
Stromgebiet der Werner, Reichswehrministerium, 1933.
When the additional duties of compiling billeting tables for the
use of troops on annual maneuvers and of preparing textual materials
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of a geographic nature were undertaken, the name "Mil-Geo," or mili-
tary geography, was adopted. Billeting data were overprinted on
1:100,000 base maps and published as Ortsbelegungskarten.
B. 1935 to September 1939
Mil-Geo was organized officially in 1935 as a small unit in the
Ninth.Division of the General Staff of the German Army (see Chart
908+) -- Gruppe IV, Abteilung fur Kriegskarten and Vermessungswesen
-- and functioned chiefly through its field office in each Wehr-
kreiskommando. Gruppe IV, which served as general headquarters for
Mil-Geo, became known as the Zentrale, a designation that continued
throughout World War II,
Until the summer of 1939 the Zentrale had a staff of eight
people, including typists and draftsmen. At that time the staff of
the Zentrale was reinforced by the addition of geographers from four
of the Wehrkreiskommandos and another typist. A Mil-Geo office had
been established in each of the Wehrkreise, with the possible excep-
tion of Kassel, which may have had a staff but definitely did not
have a chief.
Wehrkreiskommandosl were distributed as follows:
I. Konigsberg IV, Dresden
II. Stettin V. Stuttgart
III. Berlin VI. Munster
1. Wehrkreiskommandos XIV, XV, XVI, and XIX were never established.
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VII.
Munchen
XIII.
Nurnberg
VIII.
Breslau
XVII.
Wien (estab. 1938)
IX.
Kassel
XVIII.
Salzburg (estab. 1938)
X.
Hamburg
XX.
Danzig (estab. 1939)
XI.
Hannover
XXI.
Posen (estab. 1939)
XII.
Wiesbaden
These local offices were responsible for the military geography
of the Wehrkreis only. A typical Wehrkreis Mil-Geo office had, in
addition to its chief, a geographer, a librarian and file clerk, a
draftsman-photographer, and a typist. Its main tasks were as
follows:
1. Development and maintenance of the EOK file. A copy
of each card was sent to the Zentrale.
2. Preparation of the Einzelangaben texts and maps at
1:100,000. By 1938, about one-third of Germany,' chiefly frontier
areas, had been mapped.
3. Preparation of Ortsbelegungskarten. These were
reported as complete for all Germany.
4. Preparation of river studies of two types -- river
crossings (Ubergange) and general descriptions of river basins.
River data were in special demand by civil authorities and were com-
pleted for all major rivers of Germany proper.
5. Preparation of city plans and traffic, or "through-way,"
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The basic working methods of Mil-Geo had been developed by
1938. By that time the publication of Einzelangaben texts had been
abandoned, and most of the data were being presented by color over-
prints on brown monochrome editions of the 1:100,000 map. Terrain
evaluations and other information were printed in the map margins.
On the back of the map were city plans at 1:25,000. The Liegnitz
sheet was the first one published by the Zentrale and served as a
model for the Wehrkreis offices.
IV. Mil-Geo during World War II
Mil-Geo expanded rapidly with the outbreak of war and drew into
service geographers with special skills and knowledge of foreign
areas. Some of these geographers were army officers or enlisted
menl and some (usually the older university professors and clerical
personnel) were civilians, with military rank. In addition, senior
university professors were occasionally brought in as consultants
or were given contracts to prepare country studies. The professional
personnel of the Zentrale reached its maximum number in 1942, with
25 to 30 employees.
Among the key geographers were Major Professor Wolfgang Panzer
of Heidelberg, Professor Herbert Lehmann of Berlin, and Professors
Gustav Braun and Wilhelm Hartnack of Greifswald. Professors Troll
of Bonn, Dorries of Munster, and Schrepfer of Wurzburg were among
1. Rank was often ignored, and in some cases enlisted men supervised
the work of officers.
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The Chief of Mil-Geo from 1935 to about 19+1 was Colonel
Schmockel. He was followed by Colonel Thielebein. Both veers World
War I officers, not geographers. In October 1944, when Mil-Geo was
no longer important, Captain Professor Wilhelm Hartnack took over as
Chief.
The Zentrale had a fairly flexible internal organization. In
1939, it included. four divisions: (1) Referat Inland, (2) Referat
Ausland Ost (Lithuania, Poland), (3) Referat Ausland West (Nether-
lands, France, Belgium), and (4) Referat Ausland Siid (Czechoslovakia).
Within these divisions the personnel was generally organized into
country units, each headed by a senior geographer.
As Gruppe IV of the Abteilung fur Kriegskarten and Vermes-
sungswesen, the Mil-Geo Zentrale had immediate control of the work
of its detachment in each Wehrkreiskommando and of the outposts in
various.occupied countries and territories. It also had some measure
of control over the work of numerous other offices and received data
from them. Chart 908+ is an attempt to show graphically the inter-
relationships of all of the surveying and mapping services in the
German armed forces. Since these relationships were not static, the
graph is not absolutely accurate as of any specific date.
When the German Army occupied a new area, Mil-Geo set up an
outpost under the local commander. The Zentrale controlled the work
program of the outposts, but they were attached administratively to
the local Wehrmachtsbefehlshaber of OKW or to the Militgrbefehlshaber
of OKII. The Mil-Geo outpost in Rumania, however, was attached to the
German military mission, and that in Italy to an army group.
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The following table gives a complete list of Mil-Geo outposts:
MIL-GEO OUTPOSTS
Place
Opened
Closed
Parent
Wehrkreiskommando
1.
North Poland
Radom
1939
1944
Breslau
2.
(General
Government)
South Poland
Cracow
1939
1944
Breslau
3.
(General
Government)
Denmark
Copenhagen
1940
1943
Hamburg
4.
Norway
Oslo
1940
1943
Stettin
5.
Netherlands
The Hague
1940
1943
6.
Belgium-N. France
Brussels
1940
1943
7.
France
Paris
1940
1944
Dresden
8.
N.W. France
St. Germain
1940
1942
9.
S.W. France
Bordeaux
1940
1942
10.
Central France
Orle'ans
1940
1942
11.
E. France
Dijon
1940
1941
12.
Rumania
Bucharest
1940
1944
13.
Serbia
Belgrade
1941
1944
Wien (?)
14.
N. Greece
Saloniki
1941
1944
Wien (?)
15.
S. Greece
Athens.
1941
1944
16.
Ukraine
Rowno (?)
1941
1942
Breslau
17.
Baltic
Riga
1941
1944
Konigsberg (?)
18.
S. France
Marseille
1943
1943
19.
Italy
Army Group
1943
1945
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Both the duties and the shortcomings of the outposts were des-
cribed by General Hemmerich as follows:
.,.Mil-Geo groups, which are extremely short of personnel and in-
sufficiently provided means of transportation, must in a very short
time provide exhaustive information on every part of the newly oc-
cupied territory; they must kiow the latest road information as well
as the billeting capacity of the towns and villages. They must be
informed as to the condition of the terrain, the. degree of forest
cover, the load capacity of the bridges, and the composition of the
population; they must have a clear conception of the various (admin-
istrative) districts of their spheres of operations, and should
supplement this with a file of selected photographs. They are ex-
pected to know the location and courses of bodies of water as well
as the seasonal weather conditions and to give reliable information
to engineers, administrative officials, road builders, and billeting
officers of animal--drawn units. It is obvious that such information
cannot be obtained by the small Mil-Geo group through exploration
alone, when unusual war conditions, such as the lack of motor fuel
and pilfering activities causd-a considerable decrease in field work,
to say nothing of the ob.etacles inherent in the region, such as long
winter nights in the higher latitudes, or dust-storms and summer
heat in steppes and deserts. Thus, the Mil-Geo group is dependent
on the closest cooperation with all military and civil authorities...
As the German war effort became increasingly directed toward
defensive warfare, the need indreased for data that were more de-
tailed and more suitable for tactical use. For this reason, the
efforts of Mil-Geo shifted t?o,the production of special target and
trafficability map series at medium scale, on which strategic in-
stallations and trafficability data were overprinted. Work of this-
type was performed chiefly by the outposts, but the maps were gener-
ally sent to the Zentrale for printing. Actually the Zentrale was
not able to prepare such maps because of shortages of both data and
personnel. From 191+2 on, there was great pressure on headquarters
staffs to release men for the fighting fronts. Between 191+2 and
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1944, many of the Mil-Geo personnel were transferred to Mar-Geo?or
the Forschungsstaffel, which by 1943 had superseded Mil-Geo in the
favor of high-ranking staff officers.
In December 1943 the Zentrale moved to Gotha, and it became
increasingly difficult for Mil-Geo to control the outposts and to
receive orders and supplies from the Chief of the Abteilung fur
Kriegskarten and Vermessungswesen, who had moved to Zossen. In the
spring of 1944 a basic order went out to all outposts still in
existence to complete current assignments, secure all data, and.
cease operations. Mil-Geo offices in the Wehrkreiskommandos
functioned throughout the remainder of-ithe war but were not im-
portant. They continued to produce city plans, river studies, etc.,
as in the prewar period. The General Staff was interested chiefly
in the EOK files.
In late 1944 and early 1945 the ambitious head of the
Forschungsstaffel, Dr. Otto Schulz-Kampfhenkel, an SS officer an4 a
personal friend of Hermann Goering, succeeded in establishing on
paper a geographic and cartographic organization for the armed forces.
The new organization was to include the Abteilung fur Kreigskarten
and Vermessungswesen (of which Mil-Geo was a part), Luft-Geo, and the
Forschungsstaffel, as well as all mapping and geographic offices with
the troop units. Apparently Mar-Geo and the Navy Hydrographic Office
(Deutsche Seewarte) were to remain independent. The new organization
was to go into effect about March 1945, but by that time the German
armed forced were in such state of disruption that the new consoli-
dated geographic and mapping office never actually came into existence.
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V. Comments on Areal Coverage by Mil-Geo Publications
During the war, Mil-Geo published more than 102 geographical
handbooks on about 40 countries, (most of which included map
illustrations and map separates), and more than 300 sheets from map
series, more than 500 city plans, and more than 1,300 through-way
city maps (see Chart 9082 and maps 10708, First Revision,and 10707).
A. Textual Publications
Mil.Geo prepared geographic surveys in varying detail for
virtually all of Europe, North Africa, the Soviet Union, and the
Middle East. For the first 3 years of its existence, Mil-Geo did not
work on areas outside of Germany proper. In 1938, however, a study
was made of the Sudetenland, and studies of Lithuania and of Poland
followed in 1939. Later, major emphasis was placed on European
Russia, France, England, and Norway. Albania, Bulgaria. and Hungary
were treated briefly in a single general handbook on southeastern
Europe. Major islands -- such as Crete, Sicily, Sardinia, and
Corsica -- were covered in separate publications, and the entire
European coastline from the Turkish-Greek border (including the
islands of the Aegean Sea) to northern Norway (not including the
Baltic) was analyzed in several coastal handbooks. Spain and
Rumania were not given special attention, no handbook was prepared
for Iceland, only one provisional and incomplete handbook was issued
for Italy, and one road map was published for Switzerland.
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Mil-Geo publications on Africa include separate handbooks for
Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, and Egypt. Short handbooks also
were issued for Spanish Sahara and the Dakar area.
Turkey was the most completely covered part of the Middle East,
but two editions each of handbooks on Iran and Iraq were issued.
With the exception of the southern part of the Arabian Peninsula,
all areas of the Near East as far east as Afghanistan and western
Pakistan were covered. The northern part of the Arabian Peninsula
was treated briefly in a general handbook on the Near East and in a
short report.
For both European and Asiatic Russia, general handbooks were
issued. European Russia was described in greater detail in more
than a dozen regional handbooks. A handbook on Kazakhstan and
Turkestan in Asiatic Russia was published, and two others for the
rest of Siberia were planned but probably not completed.
About 2 weeks after Pearl Harbor a short booklet on the Pacific
Theater of War was issued. This booklet and a short report on the
United States are the only publications on areas outside Europe,
Asia, and Africa.
By late 1942, when the Germans began to retreat, Mil-Geo had
published basic handbooks on all areas of immediate military interest.
Thereafter, emphasis was placed on revision of some of the handbooks
and the collection of more detailed information on certain areas.
Textual publications from then on were limited chiefly to coastal
studies.
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B. Maps
1. Map Types
Mil-Geo produced a great variety of maps to be used in the hand-
books. Among the more significant types are the following:
Operationskarte, which shows terrain types, relief, traffic-
ability, and, in some cases, billeting capacities.
... Militargeographische Bedingungen fur die Verteidiuung der...
Kuste, or Kustenbeschreibungen, on which the coastal area is
described as a unit and recommendations are made concerning
landing and defense possibilities.
Ortebelegungskarten, billeting maps.
LTbersicht der Gewasser, or Gewasserabschnitte, which shows the
drainage pattern.
Stromgebiet der...., a map describing a river basin as a unit.
Ubexgange, on which bridges, fords, and other crossings are
located and on which conditions on either side of the river
that would aid or hinder a crossing are described.
Stadtdurchfahrtplan, a "through-way" city plan, which shows the
best route for traffic through a city.
In addition, Mil-Geo published numerous maps on such subjects as
transportation, telecommunications, distribution of population, and
administrative districts. These maps are not standardized in char-
acter to the same extent as those mentioned above.
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2. Map Series
Map CIA 10708 (First Revision) shows the extent of coverage by
map series. Most of the maps were produced during the period 1942-44,
when Germany was on the defensive. The date of the information
shown on Mil-Geo maps usually appears in the upper left margin, as,
for example, STAND VIII.11-3 (Conditions as of August 1943). The
pattern of coverage at 1:100,000 to 1:300,000 corresponds fairly
closely to those areas of "Fortress Europe" that were in danger of
invasion and to the areas of actual combat, especially in the east.
The combat areas of Sicily and southern Italy are conspicuously
lacking in coverage. In 1943-44, great importance was attached to
completion of Mil-Geo maps for rear areas west of the Eastern Front.
During the last 3 years of its existence, Mil-Geo published
about two dozen map series on which special transportation data or
military objectives had been overprinted in a characteristic purple
color. A specialized form of transportation series, the Durchgangig-
keit, was designed to show mountainous terrain and routes through the
mountains. Special attention was given to features that affect the
defense and the movement of troops and equipment through passes.
A number of city plans were issued separately by Mil-Geo apa
were not included in any of the geographical handbooks. These plans,
on many of which the location of strategic objectives had been over-
printed, were mostly for German and Russian cities.
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VI. Techniques and Methods
Mil-Geo was essentially a compiling unit. Like Allied geo-
graphical units, Mil-Geo was at-first critically short of source
materials. As war approached, an intensive collection campaign was
inaugurated. Libraries and commercial establishments were combed
for books, maps, and photographs. Scholars,, businessmen, and
travelers were interviewed. Procurement in foreign areas by intelli-
gence units was intensified, and the Luftwaffe wasrequested to
supply air photo coverage. Thus a great variety of source materials
flowed into Mil-Geo headquarters in Berlin..
The working techniques used by Mil-Geo were similar to those
employed by Allied geographers. The main contributions are not the
basic techniques used but the new format and type of studies and
maps that resulted. US and British agencies provided their armed
forces with somewhat comparable studies and maps, but these were
designed for office use at staff levels. Mil-Geo materials were
more concise, usually in pocket-type editions, and were distributed
down to battalion level.
The basic file of Mil-Geo was the Einheitsobjektkartei (EOK).
On each card, all information about a single target or strategic
objective was recorded. Each item in the file was located by geo-
graphic coordinates and keyed to maps. Thus, when texts and maps
were being compiled, locational and descriptive data were available
in a usable and flexible form. As the war progressed, more and more
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maps and studies were produced by the outposts, and the use of air
photographs increased. This technique resulted in more compre-
hensive and accurate studies.
A typical Mil-Geo geographical handbook is a pocket-sized paper
folder containing an assortment of booklets and folded maps. The
folder generally contains a Textheft with a section in which the
entire country is discussed by topics; a section describing the geo-
graphic regions of the country; inventories of roads, railroads,
waterways, water resources, health facilities, industrial plants,
principal towns, airfields, population, administrative districts, etc.;
and from 5 to 20 black-and-white maps on a variety of subjects.
In general, the Textheft did not provide a military analysis of
data presented, but it did call the user's attention to items of
military significance by printing a bold black line in the margin
opposite selected passages. For a few areas, however, the text con-
tains a concise military section entitled Militarische Beurteilung
(military estimate) or Gesamtbeurteilung (over-all evaluation).
In most cases the folder also contains a Bildheft, or booklet
of photographs with captions. The photographs usually are oriented
with relation to direction of view and to neighboring landmarks,
and some are keyed to a map so that the number and distribution of
photos may be easily recognized. A booklet of Stadtdurchfahrtpl'ane
shows town plans on which the through routes are emphasized. Also
included in the folder is a gazetteer, Ortschaftsverzeichnis or
Ortsbeschreibungen, in which locations are given by map series sheet
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numbers or atlas grid references and are accompanied by short de-
scriptions. Among the items frequently given are the administrative
area in which the place is located, population, transportation facil-
ities, economic characteristics; number of hotels or other billeting
facilities, and sketches or town plans. In addition to the maps
bound in the Textheft, the folders contain from 2 to 5 separate
large-sheet, colored maps of the country (on general topography,
transportation, airfields, communications, electric power facilities,
minerals, trafficability, etc.) and from 2 to 10 city plans.
The efficient organization of Mil-Geo with outposts providing
field information to a central coordinating staff, in combination
with the use of standard formats for handbooks and maps and the use
of existing official maps or German Army reproductions of them as
bases whenever possible, enabled Mil-Geo to produce regional studies
and maps in a very short time. The basis for the maps were generally
direct reprints of topographic maps for each country covered, on
which strategic objectives or trafficability data were overprinted.
A Mil-Geo title and legend were added.
France provides a good example of the concise Mil-Geo geo-
graphic summary in map form. Sheets of the 1:200,000 map series
were printed in the center of large sheets, and the four margins
were used for over-all descriptions and small-scale black-and-white
maps on special subjects. On many sheets the back was used for
city plans and for maps giving details for areas of special im-
portance. In this way a single sheet gave an integrated general
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geographic survey in which a general map was supplemented by de-
tailed maps and concise texts on subjects of special significance.
Another contribution of Mil-Geo is the coastal handbooks.
Although Mil-Geo initiated coastal studies, Mar-Geo developed the
methodology to a higher degree. The contribution made by both Mil-
Geo and Mar-Geo lies in the emphasis given to the coastal area as a
unit.
Mil-Geo also performed a useful service by assembling photo-
graphs of various areas and by preparing and giving wide distribution
to separate booklets of selected photographs that supplemented
textual and map materials. Gazetteers and booklets of information on
cities and towns also were published and widely circulated.
The German concept of military geography traditionally has in-
cluded a detailed analysis of the terrain for military operations.
Early in World War II, Mil-Geo prepared special terrain maps, called
Operationskarten, for planning purposes (for example, Sudoat-Europa,
Militargeographische Operationskarte, 1:1,000,000, 2 sheets,
15 March 19+0). For operational purposes, more detailed map series
were made, using standard bases on which special transportation and
trafficability data were superimposed.
VII. Evaluation of Mil-Geo Publications
A. General
In spite of the great quantity of other geographic literature
on the areas covered by Mil-Geo publications, much of which is in
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greater detail than the German wartime studies, Mil-Geo maps and
handbooks are still of considerable value. They not only bring to-
gether information from a large number of scattered sources but also
comprise the largest and most comprehensive collection of geo-
graphic materials analyzed specifically from the point of view of
military operations. Possibly the greatest single value of Mil-Geo
publications is the military-geographic approach and the method by
which the variety of geographic aspects have been integrated to
serve this end.
For most areas, the information given concerning roads, rail-
roads, telecommunications, electric power facilities, and population
is now out of date and has bden superseded by more recent publi-
cations. Geologic, climatic, terrain, and trafficability data, how-
ever, are less subject to change, and most of these analyses are
still valid.
The publications vary greatly in detail, comprehensiveness, and
reliability. Some were published before or during the early part of
World War II, others shortly before V-E Day. Some of the publica-
tions that were at first considered authoritative later proved to be
superficial and inaccurate. For these reasons, a brief evaluation
of the publications by larger regions is presented in the following
pages.
B. Northwestern and Western Europe
Mil-Geo publications on northwestern Europe are among the best
published by the agency, largely because outposts established in the
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RESTRICTED
area were able to check the accuracy of the data in the field. The
work of the Norwegian and French outposts was of outstandingly high
quality. Cultural data presented in both texts and maps, however,
are now out of date and should be supplemented by postwar information.
Analyses-of physical features of the area are still valid.
The most significant contributions are the coastal studies,
which cover not only the Atlantic but also the Mediterranean coasts
of Europe. The coastal waters and adjacent land are discussed as a
unit on the basis of physical characteristics, landing and defense
possibilities, and accessibility to the interior. The Norwegian
coastal studies are the most detailed, and all are of high calibre.
Even though no outpost was established in the United Kingdom, the
coastal studies of Great Britain are of very good quality.
The Operationskarten of England and of northeastern France are
particularly detailed and thorough, whereas, by contrast, the sheets
covering the Scandinavian Peninsula are overgeneralized and practi-
cally worthless. The waterways of Norway, however, are covered in
excellent detail by regions. The water-features of the Netherlands
also are well-covered. For the Iberian Peninsula the most signifi-
cant publications are the Durchgangigkeit, or trafficability maps,
of the Pyrenees, which deal with the mountains as obstacles to move-
ment of troops and equipment.
The Mil-Geo maps on which military objectives were superimposed
on sheets of standard topographic series were particularly well-
developed for northwestern Europe. The maps of Denmark are complete
TRICTED
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in coverage and excellent in quality.. Although coverage for France
was not entirely completed when the war, ended, the large number of
sheets published are accurate, highly detailed, and well-supplemented
by textual descriptions and city plans. The sheets for Belgium and
the Netherlands are similar to those for France, and the French and
Belgian sheets together give an excellent presentation of the Franco-
Belgian industrial area. For all parts of northwestern Europe
covered, these map series are more recent and reliable than the
textual' descriptions of the corresponding areas.
Mil-Geo river studies are of two types:
(1)
river crossings and (2) detailed studies of river systems. Practi-
cally all of the larger rivers of Germany were covered by such
studies by the outbreak of World War II. The first type includes
information on bridges, such as width, length, height above water,
and capacity, as well as detailed locational and jurisdictional re-
ferences. The second type presents detailed physical data on the
major rivers, all tributaries, and canals, including depth of water,
stream flow, ice conditions, dikes, and areas that could be flooded
for military and other purposes. In both types of studies, there
are frequent map and EOK references and one or more index maps on
which floodable areas, bridges, etc., are plotted. These two types
of studies are impressive because of their elaborate detail and com-
prehensive coverage. Although they probably are not adequate for
current tactical use, they cover most features of potential signi-
ficance for strategic planning.
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C. Southeastern and Southern Europe
No general evaluation of Mil-Geo publications on southeastern
Europe can be made, because the items differ radically in accuracy
and detail. One publication may be of exceptionally high quality,
and another may contain so many inaccuracies that it should be sup-
pressed. Among the examples of excellent work, the Militargeo-
graphische Operationskarten at 1:1,000,000, from the geographic
handbook Sizdosteuropa, Donauraum and Balkanhalbinsel, are still
the best maps known for showing relative relief and trafficability
in the area. Other valuable and highly recommended maps include
the Mil-Geo Karte Griechenland and Mil-Geo Karte Griechenland
(Insel Kreta), both at 1:100,000; Karte des von Gibraltar aus
eingesehenen Gel'andes, at 1:50,000; Militgrgeographische Karte von
Rumanien, at 1:200,000; Mil-Geo-Karte Durchgangigkeit Karpaten, at
1:300,000; Einzeldarstellung der geographischen Bedingungen fur die
Verteidigung der Kusten Dalmatiens mit angliedender Mil-Geo-Karts
at 1:500,000; and Karathohlen -- Beilagen-Mappe zur Hbhzlenkarte
Italien, at 1:25,000.
The Militargeographischer tberblick uber die Insel Sizilien
(Entwurf) is one of the best textual descriptions published by Mil-
Geo. The military geography of the terrain is so well analyzed and
evaluated in this handbook that the information could still be of
considerable operational value. The Bildheft zur Mil-Geo-Karte von
Griechenland, 1:100,000, and the Bildanhang of the i]berblick de
militargeographischen Bendingungen fur die Verteidi
gong der Kusten
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Siidost-Europas are excellent collections of photographs that are
well-oriented and supplement the texts and maps.
In contrast to the foregoing outstandingly good items is the
EisenbahnUbersichtskarte von Siidosteuropa at 1:2,250,000, which con-
tains a large,number of errors.
Most noteworthy of these is the in-
clusion in Albania of 430 kilometers of railroad that is actually
nonexistent.- The map Griechenland, Fernsprech- u. Telegraphennetz
at 1:800,000 also contains so many errors that it should not be
used for any purpose.
Most of the other items in the Mil-Geo coverage of southeastern
Europe have slight to moderate value or cover subjects for which
other material of equal or greater value is available.
D. Poland
The handbook on Poland was one of the earlier publications of
Mil-Geo. Although its organization differs slightly from that of
the later handbooks, the topics covered are essentially the same.
Since the end of World War II the Polish handbook has been thoroughly
exploited, and most of the information of 'value has been incorporated
into more recent research studies or has been added to the files of
the interested agencies. Consequently, the most valuable features
of the Mil-Geo publications on Poland are now available in English.
Much basic information on the military geography of the area of
1939 Poland was published by Mil-Geo, but its value varies from topic
to topic. Probably the best information is that on waterways. In
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comparison, the section on terrain description is mediocre. Although
more recent material on both topics has been published, it is not
generally available. The terrain description in the Mil-Geo hand-
book is supplemented by a good Polish physical map at 1:1,000,000,
reproduced in color.
Other topics -- transport, communications, economy, and peoples
-- are treated superficially in the text of the handbook. Consider-
ably more information is given on the corresponding maps, which were
reproduced from reliable prewar Polish compilations. Because of the
early date, however, the maps are now of little more than historical
value. The lists of towns with their principal industrial and
cultural features are still useful for reference purposes, since
they are arranged alphabetically and are keyed to the 1:100,000 map
series.
City plans are of little value. None is dated, and some are
merely crude enlargements of undated and unidentified topographic
maps. The through-way sketches of towns are of little use except
for street names, since no attempt has been made to indicate the
suitability or adequacy of the streets for transport.
The map of minor civil divisions (Gemeindekarte) is of reference
value only, as some of the boundaries have been changed since the
war and some of the cultural features shown are also out of date,
E. USSR
Mil-Geo issued more Publications on the USSR than on any other
country. Although these publications were the only comprehensive
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basic intelligence summaries of the USSR available in the
United States at the end of World War II, they are of comparatively
little value today as geographic sources. During the last 5 years
the studies have been carefully examined, and significant parts have
been extracted, translated, and added to research files. Many of
the maps are based on sources that are readily available in the
United States, such as the Great Soviet Atlas of the World, and
others are direct reproductions of prewar maps. The US also has
acquired a large quantity of captured German maps and aerial photo-
graphs that include information of more recent date than that pre-
sented by Mil-Geo. Recency of data is particularly significant for
the USSR, since few parts of the world have experienced as much
change in cultural features during and since the war. In spite of
these limitations, Mil-Geo maps and text contain information not
elsewhere assembled in convenient reference form. Until they are
replaced by more recent summaries, such descriptions should not be
discarded.
All of the handbooks on European USSR were published in 1941
just before, and in preparation for, the German advance into that
country. Consequently, they have not been checked in the field.
The most valuable parts of the handbooks are the Bildhefte and the
terrain descriptions. Even the Bildhefte, however, contain some
notable inaccuracies. For example, the photograph captioned
"Gor'kiy auto factory" is in reality a picture of the Highland Park
plant of the Ford Motor Company in Detroit, Michigan, and the
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illustrations of the bridges over the Reka Moscow show the old low-
level bridges, even though high-level structures had been completed
before the war.
The terrain descriptions are still generally useful, especially
for military interpretations of topographic features. Consideration
is given to such features as relative relief rather than absolute
elevation, visibility, and orientation factors in almost featureless
areas like the tundra. Although the descriptions are, in general,
superior to the corresponding maps, the areas described are not
adequately defined.
Information given on economic conditions, administrative bound-
aries, population, transportation, and telecommunications is
seriously out of date as a result of postwar development. The
economic data presented by regions and subregions, however, are still
of use for studies requiring a regional approach. No other known
studies divide the country into regions as small as those used in
Mil-Geo publications.
The Mil-Geo maps of the USSR are not uniform for all regions
in content, emphasis, scale, or reliability. Consequently, com-
parison between regions is sometimes difficult or impossible. The
maps showing drainage features, although giving the impression of
great detail and accuracy, are in some cases inaccurately drawn,
whereas in others the drainage patterns are poorly selected.
The Mil-Geo town plans have proved to be of less value than was
originally anticipated. The greatest significance of the collection
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is its comprehensiveness. Many of the maps are very old, and others
are merely enlargements from smaller-scale topographic maps, with
most of the topographic features omitted.
The two handbooks for Asiatic USSR were published a year later
than those for the European area, but they also were not checked in
the field. Because of the larger area covered, the first volume in
particular is far more generalized than the corresponding volume
for Europe. The second volume contains a good terrain map (Uber-
sichtskarte) at 1:5,000,000, entitled Kasachatan-Turkestan, which
was reproduced by color separation from a 1939 Soviet map. The
railroad information added, however, is not reliable. The Soviet
map covering the entire USSR also was issued separately by the
Germans for general use.
In addition to the European and Asiatic handbooks, Mil-Geo
issued several studies of smaller regions. Of these, the study of
the Caucasus received greatest acclaim. Further investigation,
however, revealed that it was not so reliable as had appeared at
first, that the maps and texts did not supplement each other
adequately in all cases, and that the climatic information was not
presented in detail comparable with that on other topics. On the
other hand, the detailed information presented on the Durchgangigkeit
map series for the Caucasus is still useful. The report on Lithuania
and the Memel area was published early in the war and appears to have
been based on Lithuanian sources. The studies of the Duna (Daugava)
and Memel (Nemuna,s) basins and of the battle area of Staraya Russa,
however, were prepared after the Germans had advanced into these
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areas and incorporate information that had been collected or checked
in the field. All three studies are detailed and appear to be both re-
liable and useful, but it has not yet been possible to check the in-
formation thoroughly.
F. Middle East and Africa
During the past decade there have been many changes in the
Middle East and Africa -- in cultural features of the landscape as
well as in political and social characteristics. For this reason,
Mil-Geo cannot be considered a current authority on the area. Much
of the basic information is still accurate, but the user must be
familiar with recent developments in order to distinguish between
areas and features that have changed and those that have not.
Some parts of the Mil-Geo studies are still of value. The items
of military significance today are approximately the same as those
shown on Mil-Geo skeleton city plans. The general military-geology
map of Palestine and Jordan contains material not found elsewhere in
map form, and a few of the plans of Turkish cities are unique. The
1943 edition of the handbook on Iran is still one of the best and
most comprehensive treatments of the country. Perhaps the most en-
during contribution is the convenient-sized general map (tJbersichts-
karte) that accompanies each study. Several of these maps of Middle
East countries are being used today generally as reference maps or
as bases for maps published by various organizations. The TJber-
sichtskarten are almost exclusively direct copies of maps originally
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published by other governments, but the sheets have been combined
so as to cover an entire country or significant area on a single
sheet.
For many African areas, British Admiralty handbooks are both
more recent and more comprehensive than Mil-Geo's. In addition,
L'Encyclopedie Coloniale et Maritime, published by the University of
Paris, provides a more complete study of French North and French
West Africa. Consequently, most Mil-Geo studies on Africa are little
better than tertiary references. Egypt, especially the Western
Desert and the Nile Delta, is given more comprehensive treatment
than other parts of northern Africa. The Mil-Geo handbooks on north-
eastern Africa and Egypt were compiled in preparation for the German
attempt to take the Suez Canal, which accounts for the emphasis on
trafficability and water supply. The lack of British Admiralty hand-
books on Egypt and Libya makes the Mil-Geo studies covering these
areai3 of much greater importance than the studies of other parts of
North Africa.
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APPENDIX A: INVENTORY AND ANALYSIS OF MIL-GEC PUBLICATIONS
(ARRANGED BY AREA)
INTRODUCTION
Appendix A is an annotated bibliography of all Mil-Geo publi-
cations known to be available in libraries in Washington and any
translations of them that are readily accessible. Citations are
given in the original German, but a comprehensive glossary is pro-
vided in Appendix B. Under the major regions covered the countries
are arranged alphabetically, and the character of the Mil-Geo
publications for each is described according to five standard headings:
A. Textual Materials, B. Translations, C. Map Series, D. City Plans,
and E. Remarks.
Mil-Geo maps may be borrowed from the Army Map Service Library
or from the CIA Map Library. Other Mil-Geo publications may be
borrowed or consulted at the Army Map Service Library; the Engineer
Strategic Intelligence Division, Army Map Service; the CIA Map
Library; and the German Military Documents Section, Department of
the Army. Additional offices with substantial holdings of Mil-
Geo publications are the Foreign Documents Division, CIA, and the
Military Geology Branch, US Geological Survey.
All map series known to have been published by Mil-Geo are
plotted on CIA Map No. 10708, First Revision. The titles and
Army Map Service call numbers are listed on the left-hand side
of the map.
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The city plans issued by Mil-Geo are of four types: (1) Mil-
Geo Plan, (2) Stadtplan, (3) Bildplanskizze, and (4) Skizze.. The
Mil-Geo plans are plotted on CIA Map No. 10707, but only through-
way town plans are distinguished individually. Some published
plans, notably for German cities, have been omitted from the index.
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NORTHWESTERN AND WESTERN EUROPE
Northwestern Europe
(from Varanger Fiord to the French-Spanish Border)
A. Textual Materials
1. Zusammenfassende Darstellung der geographischen Bedingungen
fur die Verteidigung der Kusten Nordwest-Furopas; second
edition, August 1943; first edition, March 1943. Geheim
2. Die militargeographischen Bedingungen fur die Verteidigung
der niederlandischen, belgischen and franzbsischen Kusten;
January 1942; AMS Call No. GB457 G,37- Geheim
Text- and Bildheft
Karte: Teil I - Nordsee and Armelkanal, 1:1,000,000
Teil II - Atlantischer Ozean, 1:1,000,000
B. Translations -- None
C. Map Series -- See individual countries
D. City Plans -- See individual countries
E. Remarks
The text of A-1 is divided into three sections. A general
section discusses locational relationships, defines the terms used,
and lists geographical factors that would affect landing operations.
The second section discusses the nature of the coastal waters and
beaches with regard to the possibility of landings.. The coastal
area is divided into 3 parts for discussion -- Heligoland Bay, the
Danish coast, and the Norwegian coast -- which in turn are subdivided
into 13 subregions. The third section is a geographical descrip-
tion of the coast with reference to defense against landings and
against the advances of an enemy who had already landed. Included
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in the text are 11 sketch maps, which show areas where enemy forces
might be most likely to land and the transportation network for each
section of the coast. A large map at 1:2,500,000 outlines the re-
gions and subregions discussed in the text and shows roads, rail-
roads, and routes of approach to the major harbors.
A-2 was probably the first coastal defense handbook prepared
by Mil-Geo. The coastal area of the Netherlands, Belgium, and
France is divided into 12 regions and discussed in terms of its
defensibility against amphibious attack. Natural obstacles to
military movements are shown on the two accompanying maps, which
also serve as an index to the Netherlands 1:50,000, Belgian
1:40,000, and French 1:80,000 sheets.
Other coastal studies of western Europe are listed under the
United Kindgom, Ireland, and Spain and Portugal.
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1. Stromgebiet der Donau in den Gauen Ober- and Niederdonau
and Wien -- Einwirkung auf die Wasserfuhrung; Wehrkreis-
ko;nmando XVIII, la/Mil-Geo; Wien, 1941, GMDS H 29/IG.5.
Geheim
2. Durchg'ngigkeit der Ostalpen -- Rundbilder der sudl.
(Bildheft); Komm. XVIII, Abt. la/Mess - Mil-Geo; 15 August
1943
Zusammenstellung der Ubergange im Stromgebiet der Donau,
in 2 Teilen. Teil I: Donaut1bergange in den Gauen Ober-
donau, Niederdonau and Wien (Brucken and Fahren); Wehr-
kreiskommando XVII (Mil-Geo); Wien, 1943
1. Durchgangigkeit der Ostalpen; 1:300,000; August 1943. Geheim
D. City Plans -- None
E. Remarks
A-1 is a description of the course of the Danube and its main
tributaries, with data on the rates of discharge, channels, etc.
River profiles are given for the sections described.
A-2 consists of a series of panoramic views and a map of the
northern border of Italy. Numbers on the map refer to the pages on
which corresponding photos appear, and arrows indicate the direction
of the view. Landmarks, boundary lines, and features of strategic
importance are pointed out on the photos.
C-1 presents a detailed analysis of the transportation
system in the eastern Alps and is a valuable aid in transportation
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Ubersichtskarte at 1:1,000,000, which shows the area covered by
each sheet of the 1:300,000 series and the main routes and strategic
targets in the eastern Alps. Two smaller maps show, in diagrammatic
form, (1) the alignment of the mountains and the main routes through
the passes and (2) the duration of the snow cover and the national
and military district boundaries. In the margins are general
textual descriptions of the eastern Alps and the passes through
them, the influence of climate on transportation, and the roads
and railroads. Average monthly temperature and rainfall figures
are given for seven stations. Seventeen passes are listed, and
the following data are given for each: highway number, name of
pass and of the route of approach, straightness of the approach
and the pass, steepness of ascent and descent, width and type of
roadbed, duration of snow cover, danger of snowdrifts and
avalanches, and other significant factors.
On the other side of the sheet is the main map at 1:300,000,
which shows the details of passes and roads. Single-and double-
lane roads are differentiated, and roads under construction,
cart roads, and :roads not suitable for heavy vehicles are shown.
Width of road and type of surfacing, distance between places,
narrow sections of roads, bridges, curves, angles of slope, and
avalanche and snowdrift areas are indicated. In the margins the
roads are listed and described. A target list gives data on all
the road and railroad bridges shown.
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Belgium
1. Militargeographischer Lberblick uber Belgien and angrenzende
Gebiete; first edition, 20 October 1939; second edition,
20 January 1940
Mappe A
Textheft
Landschaftsbilder
Landschaftegliederung, 1:1,110,000
Bodenarten, 1:1,110,000
Geologische Ubersichtskarte, 1:1,000,000
Ubersichtskarte der Gewasserabschnitte, 1:500,000
Karte des nordbelgischen Kanalsystems and des Julianakanals
mit Ubergangen and Schleusen, 1:160,000
Flandern and Nordbelgien: Gewasserabschnitte and
Hohenlage, 1:300,000
Fernsprech- and Telegraphennetz von Belgien and
Luxemburg, 1:400,000
Strassenzustandskarte, 1:300,000
Verwaltungskarte, 1:300,000
Stadt-Durchfahrten in Belgien and angrensenden Gebieten
Strassenkarten, 1:200,000 (4 sheets)
2. Militargeographische Beschreibung von Belgien and angrenzenden
Gebieten. Landschaftsgliederung von Belgien. Hochbelgien.
Vorlaufiger Entwurf; no date; manuscript
3. Die militargeographi-schen Bedingungen fur die Verteidigung
der niederl'dndischen, belgischen and franz6sischen Kisten;
January 1942; AMS GB457 G37. Geheim
(See Northwestern Europe)
Text- and Bildheft
Karte: Teil I - Nordsee and Armelkanal, 1:1,000,000
Teil II - Atlantischer Ozean, 1:1,000,000
4. EOK file at Engineer Strategic Intelligence Division, AMS
B. Translations -- None
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C. Map Series
1. Mil-Geo-Frankreich-Belgien-Niederlande; 1:200,000;
March 1943-November 1944; Mil-Geo-Gruppe beim Militar-
befehlshaber in Belgian and in Nordfrankreich. Geheim
D. City Plans
1. In A-1, Mappe B, Stadt-Durchfahrten:
Through-way plane of 54 towns
2. In C-1:
Plans for the following 22 Belgian cities
CITY
SCALE
CITY
SCALE
Antwerpen
1.:15,000
Maubeuge
1:25,000
Brugge
1.:25,000
Mons
1:25,000
Brussel
1:20,000
Namur
1:25,000
Charleroi
1:12,500
Nieuport
1:25,000
Courtrai
1:12,500
Ostende
1:25,000
Diest
1:15,000
Termonde
Gent
1.:15,000
(Dendermonde)
1:15,000
La Louviere
1:25,000
Tirlemont
1:25,000
Lowen
1.:25,000
Tournai
1:12,500
Li ttich
1:10,000
Turnhout
1:15,000
Luxemburg
(n.e.)
Verviers
1:10,000
Malines
(Mecheln)
1:15,000
E. Remarks
The texts and some of the maps of Mappen A and B of A-1 cover
Belgium and its bordering areas, including parts of Luxemburg, France
and Holland. The four Strassenkarten in Mappe B are reprints of a
Michelin set. A-2 is probably a preliminary draft of the section
on physical regions included in the Textheft of Mappe A, A-1.
A-3 provides an evaluation of the coasts of France and the Low
Countries from the point of view of defense against amphibious
attach (see Northwestern and Western Europe, General, A-2 and E).
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On all but one sheet of the map series, C-l, Mil-Geo data are
shown by purple overprint. On Sheet 2 the overprint is in black,
which makes the comparatively small amount of Mil-Geo data given
difficult to distinguish from-base data. Most of the sheets include
Mil-Geo information on roads, railroads, rivers, bridges, canals,
locks, harbors, military installations, electric power plants,
mines, a large variety of industries, and other strategic targets,
as well as target lists. Physical features, ecrnomy, transportation,
etc., are described in marginal texts, and city plans are shown on the.
backs of the sheets and on supplementary sheets. Some streets are
named, and targets are identified.
No separate city plans are included in A-l. Mappe B contains
a booklet of through-way town plans, including 54 for Belgium, 11
for the Netherlands, 29 for France, and 3 for Luxemburg, and a
map locating the towns for which plans are given.
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Denmark
1. Militargeographische Angaben Uber Danmark; 6 April 1940
Textheft
TJbersichtskarte, 1:500,000
Verwaltungskarte,, 1:500,000
Verkehrslinien mit-Stationsverzeichnis, rLa. 1:750,000
F'ernsprech- and Telegraphennetz, 1:600,000
Ubersichtskarte der wichtigsten Brucken, 1:500,000
Einzelangaben fiber Brfcken (with map at 1:1,000,000)
Stadtpl'ane (see D-1)
Stadtdurchfahrtplane (see D-2)
2. Eingehende Einzeldarstellung der geographischen Bedingungen
flux die Verteidigung der danischen Westkiiste; July 1943
Geheim
Hauptteil.
Anhang I
Anhang II (Geheims'Komdoscache)
Bildanhang (May 1943)
B. Translations
1. Translation of pages 11-20 of the Textheft, on Einzelland-
schaften, by the Engineer Strategic Intelligence Division,
AMS, Cal]. No. Eli' 71198
C. Map Series
1. Mil-Geo-Karte Danmark 1:100,000; first edition, 1943;
second edition.. January 1944. Geheim
D. City Plans
1. In A-1, Stadtpl'ane
Aalborg, 1:10,000 Helsingor, 1:7,500
Aarhus, 1:10,000 Kopenhagen, 1:15,000
Esbjaerg, 1:7,800 (not in Odense, 1:10,000
folder; was to be issued
later)
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2. In A-1, Stadtdurchfahrtplane:
Booklet of through-Vay sketch plans of 34+ towns, with a
small-scale index map
3. On backs of sheets of C-l:
Town plans, with street names and strategic targets
E. Remarks
A-1 is one of the early publications of Mil-Geo. The various
physical and cultural features of Denmark are treated briefly and
in a highly generalized manner. A simple sketch of terrain regions
and another of population distribution are the only maps in the
Textheft, which also includes 12 photographs. Of the 75 pages of
the Textheft, 41 are devoted to brief descriptions of the cities
and towns and 10 to a description of the terrain regions.
A-2 presents a study and evaluation of the terrain of
Denmark that is much more detailed than that in A-l. A-2 was pre-
pared in 19+3 in response to demands by the German. Army High Command
for a detailed analysis of the west coast of Denmark for defense
purposes. The study as a whole was classified Secret, with Anhang
II Top Secret. Numerous German organizations in Denmark assisted
Mil-Geo with this study. The principal contributors were OEM/Skl
and WFSt/Heimatstab ZTbersee.
The Hauptteil (A-2) deals with geographic conditions relating
to the defense of Denmark as a whole, as well as of the coasts and
their hinterlands. Thirteen black-and-white maps show population
density and railroads, as well as terrain conditions. Anhang I
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gives elaborate details to supplement parts B and C of the Hauptteil;
for example, four colored maps show shore and offshore conditions
along the west coast. Eleven additional colored maps, which are
actually reproductions of parts of the Mil-Geo 1:100,000 series
(C-1), cover the west coast and its hinterland from the northern
tip to the German border. The outlines of the 11 maps are plotted
on a colored Danish map at 1:1,000,000. Anhang II discusses
briefly the significance of landing possibilities, and the Bildanhang
contains 206 photographs.
The map series (C-1) is considered one of the most accurate
and comprehensive prepared by Mil-Geo. The base is the German Army
topographic map of Denmark at 1:100,000. Roads are shown in red.
Other Mil-Geo data, overprinted in purple, include road data, bridges,
ferries, steep banks, dams, observation points, high-tension lines,
military posts, airfields, hospitals, schools, stables, post offices,
telephone and telegraph offices, radio stations, large garages,
towers with views over large areas, and other strategic targets.
Mar-Geo cooperated with Mil-Geo by supplying coastal data, in-
cluding sandy, stony, and rocky beaches; level coast; steep ascent
from the shoreline; dunes, dikes, and harbors; types of coastal
reefs on the sea bottom; and isobaths for 1, 2, 4, 6, 10, 20, and
40 meters. Marginal texts discuss physical features, soil types and
passability, settlement, economy, and transportation. Also in-
cluded are lists of strategic targets and place descriptions. On the
backs of the sheets are city plans, with street names and strategic
targets.
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A. Textual Materials
1. Militargeographisch.e Angaben uber Finnland; 1 March 1941
Mappe A.
Textheft
B i ldheft
Ortschaftsverzeichnis
tbersichtskarte zum Ortschaftsverzeichnis, 1:2,000,000
Ubersichtskarte (Zusammendruck), 1:1,000,000
Karte: Oberflhchengestalt, 1:2,000,000
Karte: Gewasser (Nordblatt), 1:1,000,000
Karte: Gewasser (Sudblatt), 1:1,000,000
Karte: Kulturland and Bevblkerungsverteilung (Nord-
blatt), 1:1,000,000
Karte: Kulturland and Bevolkerungsverteilung (Siidblatt),
1:1,000,000
Karte: Industrie, 1:800,000
Karte: Eisenbahnen, Binnenschiffahrte- and Fernauto-
buslinien (Sudteil, 1:1)000,000; Nordteil, 1:2,000,000)
Stadtpl'ane (see D-1)
Mappe B (15 January 1941)
Ibersichtskarte, 1:1,000,000, Strassenubersicht
Strassenkarte, in 12 Blatt:
6 Blatt, Sudfinnland, 1:200,000
5 Blatt, Mittelfinnland, 1:400,000.
1 Blatt, Nordfinnland, 1:1,000,000
Stadtdurchfahrtplane (Sammolheft) (see D-2)
2. EOK file, GMDS H 29/IE4.3
1. Translation of pages 43-47 of the Textheft (A-i),,by AMS;
Call No. AMS DK45o G37 1941 Mappe A English Translation
C. Map Series -- None
D. City Plans
1. In A-l, Mappe A, Stadtplane:
Helsinki, 1:10,000, January 1941
Tampere, 1:10,000, March 1941
Turku, 1:8,200, March 1941
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2. In A-l, Mappe B, Stadtdurchfahrtplane:
Through-way plans of 65 towns
E. Remarks
The Textheft of Mappe A is divided into three sections. The first
section gives a general description of the country (including the
geographic location and a list of administrative subdivisions), the
landforme, climate, drainage, population, industry, transportation,
telecommunications, and military situation. In section two the country
is divided into 10 regions, each of which is described. Section
three consists of a register of water features; a list of bridges
(with d..mensions) along the road from Rovaniemi to Liinahamari; a
discussion of the Swedish-Finnish border area; a list of radio
stations, with data on each; and a German-Finnish glossary. The
Textheft contains 23 black-and-white maps, an unusually large
number'for a Mil-Geo study.
The two-sheet population map (Kulturland and Bevolkerungsver-
teilung) was based on the "Atlas de Finland," 1925, and was corrected
from 1940 statistics. Owing to recent population shifts, it is now
seriously out of date.
On the industrial map, locations are given for mining and
industrial centers, electric plants, high-tension lines, railroads,
canals, and first-order administrative subdivisions. The legend
contains 73 different symbols.
Railroads, classified as single- and double-track broad-gauge,
single-track normal-gauge, and narrow-gauge, are shown on the
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Transportation map. Railroad stations are located, with distances
between stations indicated. Bus routes in northern Finland also
are given.
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A. Textual Materials
1. Milita.rgeographische Beschreibung von Frankreich
Teil I. Nordost-Frankreich
Mappe A. Landesbeschreibung, Bilderbeilage, and
Sonderkarten; 29 February 1940
Landeschreibung (Textheft)
Landschaftsbilder, NO-Frankreich
Karte: N0-Frankreich. Ubersicht and
Lands chaftsgliederung, 1:750,000
Karte: NO-Frankreich. Hauptbodenarten,
1:1,000,000
Karte: NO-Frankreich. Politische Gliederung,
1:1,000,000
Karte: NO-Frankreich. Bevolkerung, 1:1,000,000
Karte: NO-Frankreich. Gewasserabschnitte,
1:500,000
Karte: NO-Frankreich. Eisenbahnnetz, 1:750,000
Wehrgeologische bbersichtskarte von Flandern,
Artois, Oberboulonnais and Niederboulonnais,
1:300,000
Mappe B. Strassenkarten and Stadtdurchfahrtplane,
30 January 1940
Strassenkarten,NO-Frankreich (sheets 1-10),
1:200,000
Strassenibersichtskarte von Frankreich, 1:1,000,000
Stadtdurchfahrtplane, N0-Frankreich, mit Stadtplan
von Paris
Mappe C. Wirtschaftskarten, 30 January 1940
Wirtschaftsiibersicht, NO-Frankreich, 1:1,000,000
Industriekarte, NO-Frankreich, 1:200,000
Industriekarte, Lothringen, 1:200,Q00
Industriekarte, Elsass, 1:200,000
Industrie, Paris (4 sheets), 1:20,000
Elektrizitatskarte (2 sheets), 1:400,000
Mappe D. Mittelfrankreich (links der Seine) and
Erganzung zu Teil I, 15 June 1940
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Operationskarte, Nordost-Frankreich, 1:750,000
Heft: Landeebeschreibung and Landschaftsbilder,
Mittelfrankreich (links der Seine)
Ubersichtskarte and Landschaftsgliederung,
Mittelfrankreich, 1:750,000
Fernsprech- u. Telegraphenkarte, Nord- u.
Mittelfrankreich, 1:750,000
Industriekarte Seine-Maritime, 1:200,000
(mit Industrieplan der Stadte, 1:10,000)
Industriekarte, Rouen, 1:15,000
Industriekarte, Nantes, 1:10,000
Karte: Gew ,sserabschnitte, Mittelfrankreich,
1:500,000
Mappe Paris. City plan of Paris, 1:20,000 (11 sheets, with
street register)
Teil II. Nordwest-Frankreich, 15 May 191.0
(No Mappe A)
Mappe B. Strassenkarten and Stadtdurchfahrtplane
Strassenkarten, NW-Frankreich (sheets 11-18),
1:200,000
Strassenixbersichtskarte von Frankreich,
1:1,000,000
Stadtdurchfahrtpl'ane, NW-Frankreich
Teil III. Sii.dost-Frankreich
Mappe A. Landesbeschreibung, Bilderbeilage, and
Sonderkarten, 15 June 19+0
Landesbeschreibung (Textheft)
Landschaftsbilder, SO-Frankreich
Karte: S0-Frankreich. Ubersicht and
Landschaftsgliederung, 1:750,000
Karte: S0-Frankreich. Politische Gliederung,
1:1,000,000
Karte: S0-Frankreich. Bevolkerung, 1:,1,000,000
Karte: S0-Frankreich. Gewasserabschnitte,
1:500,000
Karte: S0-Frankreich. Eisenbahnnetz, 1:750,000
Karte: S0-Fran.kreich. Fernsprech- and
Telegraphennetz, 1:1,000,000
Mappe B. Strassenkarten and Stadtdurchfahrtplane,
15 May 191.0
Strassenkarten, SO-Frankreich (sheets 19-28),
1:200,000
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Strassenubersichtskarte von Frankreich, 1:1,000,000
Stadtdurchfahrtplane, S0-Frankreich
Mappe C. Wirtschaftskarten, 5 June 1940
Franch6-Comte, 1:200,000
Savoyen, 1:200,000
Isere, 1:200,000
Rhone, 1:320,000
Loire, 1:200,000
Rhone-Maritime, 1:200,000
Marseille, 1:15,000
Wirtschaftsubersicht, S0-Frankreich, 1:1,000,000
Teil IV. Sudwest-Frankreich
(No Mappe A)
Mappe B. Strassenkarten und. Stadtdurchfahrtplane,
20 May 1940
Karte: Frankreich, Strassenausbau and Ubersicht,
1:1,000,000
Strassenkarten, SW-Frankreich (sheets 29-36),
1:200,000
Stadtdurchfahrtpl'ane, SW Frankreich
2. Militargeographische Beschreibung von Frankreich --
Sudwest-Frankreich, Map 1944. Geheim
Textheft
Karte 1 -- Landschaftsgliederung, 1:500,000
Karte 2 -- Wehrgeoingische Ubersichtskarte, 1:500,000
Karte 3 -- Bodenbedeckung, 1:500,000
Karte 4 -- Gewasser, 1:500,000
Karte 5 -- Wasserversorgung, 1:500,000
Karte 6 -- Verkehrskarte, 1:500,000
Karte 7 -- Starkstrom, 1:500,000
Karte 8 -- Landwirtschaft, 1:500,000
Karte 9 -- Wirtschaft, 1:500,000
Karte 10-- Siedlung and Unterkunft, 1:500,000
3. Ortschaftsverzeichnis Frankrelch (published by der Militar-
befehlshaber in Frankreich, la/Mil-Geo, Paris, 1943)
49
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4. Die Militargeographischen Bedingungen fur die Verteidigung
der franzosischen Mittelmeexkuste; January 1944; 1st
edition May 1943; map at 1:500,000. Geheim
(For other coasts of France, see Western and Northwestern
Europe, General, A-2)
5. Militargeographische Beschreibung der Insel Korsika,
30 April 1941
6. EOK file at Engineer Strategic Intelligence Division, AMS
B. Translations -- None
C. Map Series
1. Mil-Geo-Karte Frankreich, 1:200,000; August 1941-April 1944
Geheim
2. Durchgangigkeit der Pyreriaen, 1:200,000; September 1943
Geheim (see Spain and Portugal, C-1)
Mil-Geo-Karte Frankreich-Belgien-Niederlande, 1:200,000
(see Belgium, C-1)
D. City Plans
1. In A-l, Teil I-IV, Mappe B, Stadtdurchfahrtplane:
Through-way plans of 515 towns
2. In A-1, Mappen C and D of Teil I and Mappe C of Teil III:
Plans of over 90 towns, 1:10,000 to 1:50,000
3. In A-l, Mappe Paris:
Plan of Paris, 1:20,000 (4 sheets)
4. In C-1:
Plans of about 120 towns, 1:10,000 to 1:12,500
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E. Remarks
The Mappen included in the four Teile on France (A-1) are
summarized briefly in the following table:
Section
Mappe A
Mappe B
Mappe C
Mappe D
Mappe
Teil
of France
(terrain)
(roads)
(industry)
(operations)
Paris
I
NO
X
X
X
X
X
II
NW
X
III
SO
X
X
X
IV
SW
X
The texts of Mappen A of Teil I and Teil III present brief
descriptions of a large number of small regions in eastern France.
The natural resources, water features, transportation net, and
industrial areas are discussed. Place registers, with data on
population, transportation, telecommunications, and industrial
centers, are included.. The Landschaftsbilder of Teil I and Teil
III include nearly 300 photographs, chiefly of.industrial and
transportation centers. The majority of the pictures are
extraordinarily clear. Also included in each of the two Mappen A
are a general map, on which the regions described in the text
are delimited a map of the distribution of the principal terrain
types and an accompanying alphabetical list of administrative
districts; a map showing six categories of population density by
very small units, probably communes; a map of water features and
their utilization; and a railroad map. The last does not agree
entirely with the official French railroad map and therefore should
be used with caution. There is also a geological map made by Wa A
(Wa Pxiuf5/x) which resembles the Mil-Geo operations and military
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geology maps. For each of the 13 areas distinguished, recommen-
dations are made concerning trafficability for artillery, con-
struction materials, aircraft landing places, etc.
All four Mappen B contain Strassenkarten that are reprints of
1938 Michelin maps at 1:200,000 and Strassenutersichtskarten at
1:1,000,000. Through-way plans are given for 515 towns.
Maps in the two Mappen C show the distribution of industry
and electric power facilities. Industrial locations are given for
about 120 cities.
Mappe D is available only for Teil I. Except for an operations
map of northeastern France, which shows landforms and the defen-
sibility and trafficability of the terrain, the items cover central
France only.
Mappe Paris (A-l, Teil I) is a city plan of Paris at 1:20,000
in four sheets, with a street register. A transportation plan for
Paris and vicinity at 1:50,000 is found in Teil I, Mappe B, and
an industrial plan at 1:20,000 in four large sheets in Teil I,
Mappe C.
A-2 is a separate study of southwestern France that was
produced under the German military commander of France in 1911
(la/Mil-Geo). It is one of the best handbooks prepared by Mil-
Geo. The textual organization is essentially the same as that of
most of the other handbooks, but a-much wider range of subjects
is covered. In the Textheft are discussions of population,
geographic regions, natural resources, vegatati.on cover, water
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11s~o?ce.,,,:m4t~c1'Q~ogc:'icots~i~at~7uFp~Y,;~xia'fc; o-
.itia s..~,. earzitat o?:, ;vetex'~r~axyz prc b1eme:,rreiAfi { c?z omy .A; r" gX:ster
of p =aQgs end ;a.. cture s pplenie t:.;a ev;; arm nc uded r:. This; _h
togk pugs; greater mphas is on geq.ogy than ' most, of : the other.,M1l-
;Geo;: stud!i@s . ,; A .Qst every : page,' izi thy; regional descript o~as:: , , ;
contains a geological map or profile. Ten excellent cojore& maps
accompany the. ,toxt+.:
Q Coxrai a,jn
r5_ die;cuisj .ens, t e :general "g ograph3c features
the ollowing order;;:, `location'?arid size,; soils, natural vegetation,
climate, water, popu1at:on;; economy, transporttio.;, and.t~ ,
communications. A place register includes city plans of Ajaccio,
Bastia, Bonifacio, and Corte. An outline map at 1:500,000 shows
roads and railroads and the location and direction of the photographs
in the picture supplement. Two maps of Corsica, reprints of a
Michelin 1:200,000 (1938) and a 1:500,000 map (Ajaccio sheet) of
the Service Geographique de l'Armee (1931+), are in a pocket on
the back cover of the handbook.
At least 1+7 sheets of the map series C-1 were published. The
subtitle of the series is Militargeographische Einzelangaben uber
Frankreich. The sheets are approximately 35 by 1+0 inches, folded
to pocket size. In the center of each sheet is a topographic map
around which are grouped short texts, small-scale special-subject
maps, and lists identifying targets on the main map. On the back
of the sheet, or on supplemental sheets, are city plans with street
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names, targets, and through routes. The main map was drawn from the
1:200,000 Carte de France and Michelin road map. Strategic objec-
tives and amplified transportation data were added by Mil-Geo. Each
sheet is in effect a brief geography of the area covered. This
technique was developed by Mil-Geo to a high degree in the series
on France.
The city plans in D-1 were intended ae strategic target
location maps and show the locations of industries in 90 or more
towns. The city plans on C-l (D-4) are of good quality and are
accompanied by street and target directories.
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Germany
1. Zusammenstellung der Ubergange im Stromgebiet des Rhein;
Generaletab des Heeres, Abt. fur Kriegskarten and
Vermessungswesen; Berlin, 10 January 1940; GMDS H29/IG.1
(also 1936 edition, H29/IG.3)
2. Zusamme:nstellung der Ubergange im Stromgebiet der Weser
and Ems; Wehrkreiskommando X (Mil-Geo) and GenSt d H, Abt.
9: Hamburg, 1939; GMDS H29/IG.12
3. Stromgebiet der Elbe; Generalkommando IV; Dresden, 1937;
GMDS H29/IG.7
4. Stromgebiet der Donau: Generalkommando VII (Mil-Geo);
Munchen, 1937; GMDS H29/IG.4
Zusammenstellung der ITbergange im Stromgebiet der Weser;
Reichswehrministerium; Berlin, 1933; GMDS H. Dv. g. 33
6. Stromgebiet der Oder; Generalkommando VIII; Breslau, 1937;
GMDS H29/IG.8
7. Das Odergebiet; no author or published named; printed at
the Reichsdruckerei, Berlin, 1930; GMDS H. Dv. g. 32/I
8. Stromgebiet des Rhein -- Einwirkung auf die Wasserfizhrung;
Generalkommando VI A.K. (9 Abt) Mil-Geo; Munster, 1939;
GMDS H29/IG.2
9. Ubersichtskarte 1:300,000 der TJbergange im Stromgebiet der
Oder and der Kiistenflusse im Pommern in.6 Teilen; Generaistab
des Heeres, 9 Abt (Mil-Geo); Berlin, 1938; GMDS H29/IG.9c,d
10. Militargeographische Angaben Aber das Grenzgebiet an der
Ostsee; Wehrmachtmanover (Heer) and GenSt d H, 9 Abt
(Mil-Geo); Berlin, 1937; GMDS H 29/IF5..41
11. Militar.-geographische Beschreibung von Deutschland; Berlin,
1889, GMDS
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. Map Series
1. Militargeographische Einzelangaben zum Grossblatt (some
sheets, Militargeographische Einzelangaben fur die Truppen-
fuhrung zum Einheitsblatt), 1:100,000; May 1939 to 1945.
Geheim
D. City Plans -- None
A Mil-Geo section was established in each Wehrkreiskommando
(military district) of Germany to provide information on strategic
installations and transportation routes and facilities. The data
were plotted on topographic maps at the scale of 1:100,000, and
elaborate explanatory legends were supplied. The maps, some of
them with accompanying booklets, were issued in pocket-sized
folders. Most of the folders were published between 1935 and 19+0,
but a few appeared as early as 1932 and others as late as 1945.
This series differs from other Mil-Geo handbooks in that summaries
of physical features, economy, etc., were omitted and only
strategic data given.
C-1 is the only Mil-Geo map series with an overprint in six
colors. On a light-brown base, the colors used are purple, for
boundaries, industries, and communication lines; red, for roads
and road data, military installations, hospitals, post offices,
and telephone cables and relay stations; blue, for a number of
water features and for observation posts; green, for names of
woodlands and other obstacles to traffic; black, for bridges; and
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dark brown, for dams, escarpments, and road cuts. A text describ-
ing the physical. features and a list of strategic targets are
printed in the margins. On the backs of the sheets are city
plans (on which the same six colors are used) and a list of
strategic targets.
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(Including Northern Ireland)
1. Milita.rgeographische Angaben Taber Irland; 30 September
1940
Textheft
Bildheft
Ubersichtskarte, 1:1,000,000
Elektrische Stromversorgung, 1:750,000
Eisenbahnnetz mit Stationsverzeichnis, 1:1,000,000
Funkstellen, Ferrisprech- and Telegraphennetz, 1:1,000,000
Strassenkarte mit Hervorhebung der wichtigsten
Gelandehindernisse, 1:316,800 (2 sheets)
Stadtplane (see D-1)
Stadtdurchfahrtplane (see D-2)
2. Militargeographische Angaben uber Irland: West- and
Nordkuste; 15 October 1941
Text- und. Bildheft mit Kartenanlagen
Militargeographische Angaben uber Irland: Sind- and
Ostkiiste; 31 May 1941
Text- and Bildheft mit Kartenanlagen
4. EOK file at GMDS, H 29/IA2.4
B. Translations -- None
C. Map Series -- None
D. City Plans
1. In A-l, Stadtplane:
Belfast, 1:10,000
Dublin, 1:10,000
2. In A-l, Stadtdurchfahrtplane:
Through-way plans of 25 towns
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E. Remarks
The treatment of Ireland in A-1 is similar to that of other
countries for which early Mil-Geo studies were made. The short
text contains black-and-white-'maps showing administrative divi-
sions, terrain regions, population density, areas in which the
Gaelic language predominates, agriculture and stock raising,
inland waterways, and minerals and industries. The Bildheft
contains a map that gives the location of the photographs repro-
duced. At unusual feature of the Ubersichtskarte is the Mil-
Geo overprint that shows the terrain trafficability in general
terms and classifies the large industrial cities as of first or
second order. On the road map, which is unusually comprehensive,
all areas with a slope gradient in excess of 1:10 are blocked out
in brown, and all cliffs and numerous spot heights are shown.
A-2 and A-3 cover the entire coast of Ireland. They include
numerous photographs, several cross sections and sectional
geological maps, a few black-and-white maps, brief texts, and
six sectional coastal classification maps that are based
chiefly on slope.
Each Stadtdurchfahrtplan in A-1 includes a marginal list
giving the distances from the town mapped to other towns along
each route leading out of town.
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The Netherlands
A. Textual Materials
1. Militargeographischer Uberlick uber die Niederlande;
20 November 1939 (earlier edition, 1 February 1939)
Textheft
Landschaftsbilder
Stadtdurchfahrtplane (see D-2)
Gewasserabschnitte, Hohenlage and Pegelstationen der
Niederlande, 1:300,000
Strassenkarte, Nordblatt, 1:200,000
Strassenkarte, Mittelblatt, 1:200,000
Strassenkarte, Sudblatt, 1:200,000
Fernsprech- and Telegraphennetz, 1:1+00,000
Verwaltungskarte, 1:300,000
2. Sonderbeilage zu Militargeographische tberlick uber
die Niederlande; 1939
Stadtverkehrsplane (see D-2)
3. Die militargeographischen Bedingungen zur Verteidigung
der niederlandischen Kuste; 16 October 191+2; mimeographed.
Geheim
1+. Die militargeographischen Bedingungen fur die Verteidigung
der niederlandischen, belgischen and franzosi~ichen Kasten;
January 191+2. Geheim
Text- and Bildheft
Karte: Teil I - Nordsee and Armelkanal, 1:1,000,000
Teil II - Atlantischer Ozean, 1:1,000,000
C. Map Series
1. Militargeographische Einzelangaben Uber die Niederlande,
1:200,000
12 sheets, with supplementary city plan, dated 1 August
191+3 to 1 January 191+1+ (see D-3)
Karte der Belegungsmoglichkeit der niederla.ndischen
Gemeinden, 1:200,000 (3- sheets)
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3. Bruckenkarte der Niederlande, 1:50,000 (114 sheets)
4. Marschstrassen in den Niederlanden, 1:200,000 (9 sheets)
D. City Plans
1. In A-i, Stadtdurchfahrtplane:
Through-way plans of 43 towns, with an index map
2. In A-2, Stadtverkehrsplane:
Amsterdam, 1:15,000 Rotterdam, 1:15,000
's Gravenhage, 1:15,000 Utrecht, 1:15,000
Groningen, 1:15,000
Plans for 52 towns, 1:12,500:
Alkmaar
's Gravenhage
Nijmegen
Almelo
Groningen
Oldenzaal
Amersfoort
Haarlem
Purmerend
Amsterdam
Harlingen
Renen
Apeldoorn
Hengelo
Rotterdam
Arnheim
's Hertogenbosch
Scheveningen
Assen
Hilversum
Schiedam
Breda
Hoek van Holland
Sneek
Delft
Hoorn
Tiel
Delfzijl
Ijmuiden (1:25,000)
Utrecht
Den Helder
Kampen
Vlaardingen
Deventer
Krommenie
Winsohoten
Dordrecht
Kuilenburg
Winterswijk
Enkhuizen
Leeuwarden
Wormerveer
Enschede
Leiden
Zaandam
Franeker
Maassluis
Zutfen
Gorkum
Meppel
Zwolle
Gouda
4.
From Belgium, C-1:
Bergen op Zoom, 1:15,000
Breda, 1:15,000
Tilburg, 1:15,000
Middelburg, 1:12,500
Eindhoven, 1:15,000
Maastricht, 1:15,000
Vlissingen, 1:12,500
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5.. Listed in L6:nderweise Zusammenstellung aller.Mil-Geo-
Arbeiten, November 1943 (not identified with any plans or
publications listed herein):
Baarn and Soest Helmond
Bilthoven Roermond
de Bilt and Zeist Venlo
E. Remarks
As might be expected, the water features of the Netherlands
are emphasized-in the Textheft of A-1. The black-and-white maps
included show water supply, industries, and population density.
The map Gewasserabschnitte, Hohenlage and Pegelstationen gives
hypsometry and water features in great detail, with contour inter-
vals at -5,, -2.5, -1, 0, 1, 3, 5,. 10, 30, 50, 100, and 200 meters.
A-3 was prepared by the Mil-Geo-Gruppe in the Netherlands.
It contains 27 pages of discussion of.coastal defense., with
numerous references to the sheets of the Dutch 1:50,000 map
series. The text is accompanied by three black-and-white-maps,
which add nothing to the information included in A-1. No refer-
ence is made to the special 18-sheet defense series at 1:200,000
(Verteidigungekarte der Niederlande), prepared by Wehrgeologie in
1941, or to the accompanying booklet (translated by ISTD, March
1945).
(For AI call number and a brief discussion of A-4, see
Northwestern Europe, A-2 and E.)
The Mil-Geo Einzelangaben series at 1:200,000 (C-1) was
prepared by Mil-Geo-Gruppe beim Wehrmachtsbefehlshaber in den
Niederlanden. It provides much more local geographical detail
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than does the Textheft of A-l. The base is the German Army
topographic map, Niederlande, at 1:200,000. The black overprint
includes 30 symbols that designate bridges, harbors, light-
houses, and industries, as well as numbers by which strategic
targets shown on the map are keyed to textual descriptions.
Physical features, transportation, economy, and supply of drink-
ing water are discussed, and places named on the map are listed
and briefly described. Most of the sheets include several
sketc}i maps on such subjects as soil types, place names, and
telecommunications. City plans are printed on the back of
most of the sheets and on some supplemental sheets. On these
plans the main streets are named, main traffic routes through
the town are shown, and strategic targets are located and de-
scribed.
According to the Planheft Niederlande of the German Army
dated 6 December 1943, map series C-2, C-3, and C_1 were pub-
lished by Mil-Geo, but none of the sheets are in Washington.
Plans for the 52 cities listed under D-3 are, with one
exception, enlargements at 1:12,500 from 1:25,000 maps. All
streets, some street names, and important industrial and
civic installations are shown.
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Norway
(Including Svalbard)
1. Militargeographische Angaben fiber Skandinavien; 12 April
1940
Mappe B - Norwegen
Einzellandschaften, Gewasser and Verkehrskunstbauten,
mit Bildern
Ortschaftsverzeichnis
Stadtpl'ane im Grossformat (see D-1)
Stadtplane im Kleinformat (Sammelheft) (see D-2)
Stadtdurchafahrtpl'ane (see D-3 and D-4)
2. Militargeographische Angaben Uber Norwegen, 1942.
Geheim
Teil A. Allgemeine Ubersicht mit Kartenmappe (Inhalt der
Kartenmappe)
Karte der Elektrizitatsversgrgung Slid- and Nord-
norwegens, 1:1,000,000 (2 sheets)
Strassenkarte von Skandinavien, Siid- and Nordblatt,
1:1,000,000
Eisenbahnkarte von Norwegen, 1:1,000,000
Karte der Nachrichtenverbindugen Norwegens, 1:2,000,000
Teil B. Einzellandschaften and Spitzbergen, 1942
Teil C. Einzelangaben, 1943
3. Militargeographische Beschreibung der Gewasser, SO-
Norwegens and deren LTbergange, mit Karte, 1:500,000;
senond edition, 15 May 1943. Geheim
4. Militargeographieche Beschreibung der Gewasser, SW
Norwegens and deren Ubergdnge, mit Karte, 1:500,000;
15 September 1942. Geheim
5. Militargeographische Beschreibung der Gewasser, Mittel-
Norwegens and deren Ubergange, mit Karte, 1:500,000;
1.5 May 1942.. Geheim.
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6. Militargeographische Beschreibung der Gewasser, N-
Norwegens and deren Ubergange, mit Karte, 1:600,000;
15 November 191+2. Geheim
7. Militargeographische Einzelbeschreiburg der Gewasser, N-
Norwegens and Fi-nnisch-Lapplands and deren Ubergange,
2 Karten, 1;600,000; second edition, 1 August 1944.
Geheim
8. 0rtschaftsverzeicbnis von Norwegen; Mil-Geo-Gruppe
Norwegen; 1 September 19113; GMDS H 29/1E3.9
9. Eingehende Einzeldarstellung der geographischen Bedin-
gungen fur die Verteidigung der Kasten Norwegens;
1 February 19114
Hauptband
Kartenmappe zum Hauptband
Uberstchtskarte von Norwegen, 1:1,000,000, Blatt
Sud and Nord
Strassenzustandskarte, 1:1,000,000, Blatt Sud and
Nord
8 Skizzen zur Gelandebeurteilung der Abschnitte,
I bis VIII, 1:300,000
B ildband
10. Ortsverzeichnis zur Ortskarte Nord-Norwegen, 1:300,000
11. Ortsnamenverzeichnis zur Ortskarte, 1:300,000, Mittel-
norwegen, March 191+3.
12. Ortsverzeichnis zur Ortskarte, Korpskartenstelle 470,
Nre 1, 2, and 3, August 1944
13. Militargeographische Unterrichtungswerk Uber den
Bereich der 69 Div
Kartenmappe, 15 July 191+1
Militargeographische Karte, 1:200,000,Nord- and
Sudb latt
Strassenzustandskarte, 1:200,000, Nord- and
Sudb latt
Ortskarte des Bereiches, 1:300,000, Nebst
Ortsverzeichnis
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ANS translation of A-2, Teil B; 19 pp.; AMS Call No. GB21+6G37
English Translation
C. Map Series
1. Mil-Geo-Karte Norwegen,, 1:100,000; April 191+1+. Geheim
2. Mil-Geo-Angaben Ostnorwegisches Grenzgebiet, 1:500,000
(Sheet 1, 1:250,000); September 1911.3 to March 191+1+.
Geheim
D.
City Plans
1.
In A-l, Stadtpline im Grossformat:
Bergen, 1:10,000
Drammen, 1:10,000
Stavanger, 1:10,000
Trondheim, 1:10,000
Oslo, 1:13,000
2.
In A-l, Stadtplane im Kleinformat:
Plans for 25 towns
3.
In A-1, Stadtdurchfahrtplane:
Through-way plans of 23 towns
1+. In A-l, Stadtdurchfahrtplane, supplement:
Through-way plans of 17 towns
5. On back of C-2:
Plans of several cities
E. Remarks
Of the three folders on Scandinavia, only Mappe B deals
specifically with Norway; Mappe A gives a general description of
both Norway and Sweden and contains maps to be used with all
three; and Mappe C describes Sweden (see Scandinavia and Sweden).
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The Textheft of Mappe B is divided into three sections. In
the first section (Einzellandschaften), Norway is divided into and
discussed according to 17 regions, which are outlined on a map on
the inside of the back cover. Section two (Gewasser) is a
description of the water features of Norway. Section three
(Verkehrskunstbauten) is a list of bridges,-with the dimensions,
type of construction, and related data given for each. The list
is keyed to a transportation map at the back of the text. Photo-
grap$s and some sketch plans of towns are inserted in the text.
A-2 is more detailed and of later date than the Textheft
of Mappe A, Skandinavien. A useful feature of Teil A is a list
of fylker (first-order administrative units), with their area,
population distribution, and population density. Teil B is a
regional description of Norway and Spitzbergen (-Svalbard). Teil
C has registers of places, water features, and streets, and a
list of the German equivalents of place names appearing on the
Norwegian 1:100,000 map. An unusual item is a selected bibliog-
raphy of literature on Norway, by subject.
A-3 through A-7 provide great detail on the water resources
and transportation facilities of Norway. These studies were
made by the Mil-Geo-Gruppe Norwegen on the basis of EOK files.
The organization followed in all five volumes is as follows:
foreword; detailed description of rivers, canals, and lakes,
with lists of river crossings (by sheet number of Sonderausgabe
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Norwegen, 1:100,000, on which the crossings are shown); and a
short description of the dimensions and capacities of the bridges
and ferries. The maps show roads of three categories, based
on the type of vehicular traffic they can handle; railroads; six
types of bridges; wagon roads; ferry landings, locks, and dams;
railroad tunnels; and rivers that offer obstructions to military
movement.
A-13 covers the area occupied by the German 69th Division.
The first map listed delimits first-, second-, and third-order
admLnistrative unite and police and judicial districts; gives
the area and population of each third-order unit; and locates
military targets of 31 types. The second map shows first- and
second-order roads (classified on the basis of the type of
traffic the road can handle), railroads and railroad facilities,
data on dimensions of bridges, and distances between places.
The third map is essentially a location map and is accompanied
by a comprehensive place register.
The base of the map series C-1 is the German Army topo-
graphic map of Norway at 1:100,000. The overlay and most.of
the information for the coastal area were supplied by Mar-Geo.
The legend for the Mar-Geo data includes military posts; large
harbors fully equipped for repair work; harbors less'well
equipped; harbors for coastal ships; landing places; shoal areas;
dangerous obstacles; depth contours at 40, 50, 100, 200, and
300 meters; spot depths; and areas exposed at low tide. The
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Mil-Geo legend includes main highways, secondary roads, width
and surface type of roads, direction of gradients, bridges, n,;rrow
bridges, ferries, observation posts with arrows showing direction
of view, areas where paratroop landings are most likely, light-
houses, hospitals, hotels, hydroelectric plants, shipyards,
fish canneries, motor factories, iron mines, and high-tension
lines.
Physical features, transportation, settlements, economy,
power supply, and supply of drinking water are discussed in the
marginal text. A description of the coast gives information on
the sea bottom, shoals, harbor installations, tidal data, and
ice conditions. The purple Mil-Geo overprint stands out more
clearly on the sheets of C-l than on any other Mil-Geo map
series.
The base of the map series C-2 is the German Army topo-
graphic map of Norway at 1:500,000. Roads and road data are
shown in red; railroads,, boundaries, and bridges are shown in
black; and water is shown in blue. Purple is used for high-
tension lines and observation posts and for identifying
various industries and strategic targets. A text in the margin
describes physical features, economy, and transportation. A
descriptive list of strategic targets is keyed to the map, and
on the back are several city plans on which streets are named,
strategic targets identified, and through routes shown.
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Scandinavia
A. Textual Materials
1. Militargeographische Angaben uber Skandinavien; 12 April
1940
Mappe A
Textheft
Strassenkarte Skandinavien, 1:1,000,000 (Nordblatt)
Straseenkarte Skandinavien, 1:1,000,000 (Sudblatt)
Dbersichtskarte Skandinavien, 1:2,000,000, mit
Namenregister
Namensverzeichnis zur Ubereichtskarte Skandinavien
and Ostseelander
Fernsprech- and Telegraphennetz Skandinavien,
1:2,000,000
Behelfsmassige Operationskarte von Skandinavien,
1:2,000,000
Verkehrsnetz von Skandinavien, 1:2,000,000
Stationeverzeiohniz zur Karte Verkehrsnetz
Skandinavien
Mappen B and C are detailed accounts of Norway and Sweden,
respectively, and are treated under those countries
B. Translations -- None
C. Map Series --See Norway
D. City Plans -- See Norway and Sweden
E. Remarks
A-1 includes three Mappen on Scandinavia.. Mappe A is a
general description of both Norway and Sweden, Mappe B gives
specific information on Norway, and Mappe C on Sweden.
Mappe A comprises a Textheft and maps that describe the
physical geography, population,. economy, and transportation of
the two countries. In the Textheft, Mappe A delimits the regions
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as discussed in Mappen B and C. The maps in this volume are
to be used with all three texts. The north and south sheets
of Strassenkarte Skandinavien, both dated 1939, show the
main roads and also the network of lesser roads, trails, and
railroads.
The Ubersichtskarte and Namensverzeichnis are useful for
location and orientation purposes. The Operationskarte outlines
five types of areas on the basis of terrain and population density an
and makes recommendations on the trafficability of the area and
its ability to support and billet troops. The main trans-
portation net is also shown, but this. map is not so detailed
as most of the Operationskarten for other areas.
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Spain and Portugal
A. Textual Materials
1. Militargeographische Studie fiber Spainen and Portugal
(Iberische Halbinsel)
Mappe A (30 January 1941)
Textheft
Ortsverzeichnisse
Bildheft: Spanien
Bildheft: Portugal
Ubersichtskarte, 1:2,500,000
Karte: Land- and Forstwirtschaft and Fischerei,
1:1,500,000
Karte: Industri- and Lagerstatten, 1:1,500,000
Karte: Spanien and Portugal: Elektrizitats-
wirtschaft, 1:2,500,000
Ei.senbahnkarte von Spanien and Portugal,
1:2,500,000,
Stations- and Strechenverzeichnis;der spanischen
Eisenbahnen
Eisenbahnkarte von Portugal, 1:1,500,000, mit
Verzeichnis der Bahnhofe and Haltestellen
Strassenzustandskarte von Portugal, 1:900,000
Stadtpl'ane (see D-1)
Mappe B
Strassenkarte, 1:1+00,000 (14 sheets)
Stadtdurchfahrtplane (Sammelheft) (see D-2)
Strassenzustandskarte von Portugal, 1:900,000
2. Militargeographische Studie uber die Atlantischen Inseln
(Kap Verden, Kanaren, Madeira, Azoren); Entwurf; 27 Novem-
ber 1942. (Typewritten manuscript at CIA Map Library)
3. Mil-Geo-Studie uber die Kiisten der Iberischen Halbinsel;
16 December 191+2. Geheim (Typewritten manuscript at
CIA Map Library)
1. Textheft of A-l, Mappe A. pages 5-15 and 45-711., trans-
lated by Service Branch, ID, GSUSA, as Job No. E-711.52,
14 June 1948
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2. A-2 translated by Service Branch, ID, GSUSA, ad Job No.
E-7942, 14 June 1948
A-3 translated by Service Branch, ID, GSUSA, as Job No.
E-8427, 15 September 1948
Map Series
1. Durchg'Angigkeit der Pyrenaen, 1:200,000; September 1943.
Geheim
City Plans
1.
In A-l, Mappe A, Stadtplane:
Badajos, 1:10,000
Merida, 1:10,000
Burgos, 1:10,000
Portalegra, ca. 1:6,000
Cordoba;, 1:10,000
Porto, 1:10,000
Evora, 1:7,000
Salamanca, 1:10,000
Fara, ca. 1:4,125
Setubal, 1:10,000
Lissabon, 1:10,000
Sevilla, 1:10,000
Madrid, 1:25,000
Valladolid, 1:10 000
2. In A-l, Mappe B, Stadtdurchfahrtplane:
Through-way plans of 148 towns
On C-1:
In margins, small-scale plans of several towns
E. Remarks
This is one of the weakest handbooks published by Mil-Geo.
The Textheft of Mappe A, A-i, is divided into three sections.
The first section discusses the geographic background of the
entire Iberian Peninsula and then describes the administrative
setup, population, industry, transportation, and telecommunica-
tions of the two countries separately. The second section
comprises descriptions of each of eight regions. The third
section contains directories of water features and hospitals
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and a description of the road between Irun and Cadiz. Maps in
the Textheft show the distance across the peninsula at various
points, first- and second-order subdivisions in both Spain and
Portugal, four climatic regions of the peninsula, and the distri-
bution of population on the basis of 1939 estimates. The main
centers of five language types, agricultural regions, and roads
through the Pyrenees are shown on sketch maps. The Ortsverzeich-
nisse of Mappe A is one of the better gazetteers published in
Mil-Geo studies.
The Ubersichtskarte of Mappe A is an enlargement of a map
published by the Geographische Anstalt von H. Wagner & E. Debes
and is well-suited for use as a base map. Features shown on the
map are the drainage pattern (in detail), roads and railroads,
spot elevations and depths, terrain (by hachures), a large number
of place names, and some Mediterranean and Atlantic shipping
routes. The agriculture, forest, and fisheries map outlines
areas of various types of agriculture, including irrigation
agriculture, and designates fisheries by the main type of fish
caught in the principal fishing grounds. This map and the
one showing the locations of mineral deposits and industries
were prepared by 0KW WiRu Amt/Wi. The map of distribution of
electric power shows both hydro- and thermoelectric installa-
tions. The road and railroad maps for both Spain and Portugal
are out of date. The register of Spanish railroads and stations
is keyed to the railroad map. Fourteen city plans are given in
Mappe A (see D-1).
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The 14-sheet road map in Mappe B (A-1) has been superseded
by more recent maps but includes through-way plans of 148
towns. The road map for Portugal at 1:900,000 is identical
with that in Mappe A.
In A-2 the four Spanish island groups in the Atlantic
are discussed.. The text is organized as follows: Section A --
location, size, :physical geography, population, economy, and
transportation for all groups; Section B -- similar informa-
tion-for each island; Section C -- information on harbor and
dock installations', anchorages, and coal, oil, drinking water,
and food supplies; and Section D -- an over-all evaluation.
Accompanying maps of each island and a general location map
of the groups were out out of an unidentifiable Heeres Karte.
The coastal study, A-3, is a regional description of the
coasts of the Iberian Peninsula in terms of the nature of the
coast, possibility of landings, harbors, natural defenses, the
land behind the coast, and an over-all conclusion regarding the
defensibility of each section of the coast. A map illustrating
these points is included in the text.
On the map series, C-l, the purple Mil-Geo overlay shows the
main, secondary, and small roads; passes, tunnels, narrow roads,
and roads susceptible to stone slides; steepness of slope; and
airports. In the margins are descriptions of roads, some small-
scale city plans, and an annotated list of strategic targets. On
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the back is an orientation map at 1:1,000,000. The Pyrenees
as transportation barriers and the influence of climate on trans-
portation are described textually.
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Sweden
A. Textual Materials
1. Militargeographische Angaben izber Skandiriavien
Mappe C - Schweden; 1 August 19+0
E1nzellandschaften, Gewasser and Verkehrskunetbauten
mit Bildern
0rtschafteverzeichnis
Stadtplane iui Kleinformat
Stadtplane im Grossformat
Stadtdurchfahrtplane
2. EOK file at GMDS H29/IE 2.2
B. Translations -- None
C. Map Series -- None
D. City Plans
1. In A-1,, Stadtpl'ane im Grossformat:
G8teborg, 1:6,000 Malmo, 1:10,000
Halsingborg, 1:10,000 Stockholm, 1:12,000
Lulea, i:4,000 Sundsvall, 1:8,000
Lund, 1:8,000
2. In A-1, Stadtplane in Kleinformat:
Through-way plans of 31 towns
3. In A-1, Stadtdurchfahrtplane:
Through-way plans of 115 towns
E. Remarks
Mappe C, the third of three Mappen on Scandinavia, deals
specifically with Sweden (for descriptions of Mappen A and B,
see Scandinavia and Norway). The Tex-theft of Mappe C is divided
into three sections. In the first section, 12 regions of Sweden
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are discussed in text and delimited on a map inside the back
cover. The second section is a description of the water
features of Sweden. The third section is a list of bridges,
with dimensions, type of construction, and related data for
each, and the list is keyed to a transportation map at the
back. Photographs are inserted in the text.
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Switzerland
A. Textual Materials
1, Schweiz
Strassenzustandekarte; 1:300,000
Stadtdurchfahrtplane (see D-1)
B. Translations -- None
C. Map Series -- None
D. City Plans
1. In A-l, Stadtdurdhfahrtpline:
Through way plans of 41 towns, with an index map.
E. Remarks
Mil-Geo made no. geographical studies of Switzerland. The
only publications on that country are a road map and a booklet
of through-way town plans (A-1, D-1).
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United Kingdom
(Excluding Northern Ireland)
A. Textual Materials
1. Militargeographische Angaben Uber England; third edition,
31 August 19+1 (first edition, 1 August 1940)
Mappe A
1. Textheft
2. Ortschaftsverzeichnis (bisher im Textheft,
jetzt als besonderes Heft gedruckt; new bearbeitet
und erweitert)
3. Bildheft: England insgesamt (typische
Landschaftsbilder)
4. Ubersichtskarte von Grossbritannien und Irland,
1:1,000,000, mit Blattbereichseinteilung fu'r die
Sonderkarte 1:100,000 (neue physikalieche Uber-
sichtskarte)
5. Militargeographische Operationskarte England,
1:500,000, Sudblatt (Sud- und Mittelengland)
6. Karte: Grossbritannien und Irland, Eisen-
bahnnetz, 1:1,000,000, mit Stationsverzeichnis
auf der Ruckseite; dient zugleich als OrtsiTber-
sichtskarte (neu bearbeitet nach Unterlagen von
Chef Tranep.)
7. Heft: Stationsverzeichnis zu 6
8. Karte: Grosebritannien, Fernverkehrsstrassen,
1:1,000,000
9. Karte: Grossbritannien, Ubersicht der Gewasser,
1:1,000,000
10. Karte: Grosebritannien, Fernsprech- und Tele-
graphennetz (Vorderseite); Funketellen
(Ruckseite); 1:1,000,000
11. Karte: Elektrizitatsversorgung von England und
Schottland, 1:1,000,000 mit Verzeichnis der
Grosskraftwerke und ihrer Leistungsfahigkeit
12. Karte: England, Bevolkerungeverteilung, 1:1,000,000
13. Heft: Stadtdurchfahrtplgne (verbessert und
erweitert)
Mappe B. London; 31 August 19+1 (second edition.).
1. Textheft mit Bildern
2. Karte: Verkehrsplan von London und Umgebung,
1:50,000
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3. Stadtplan von London, 1:20,000, mit militargeo-
graphischen Objekteintragungen, in 4 Bldttern (mit
Gauss-Kruger-Gitternetz)
Mappe C. Kustenbeschreibungen (Text- and Bildheft mit
Kartenanlagen); 1 May 1941
1. Militargeographischen Angaben Uber England,
Sizdkuste, Text- and Bildheft mit Kartenanlagen.;
mit 1. and 2. Nachtrag; 15 August 1940
2. Militargeographische Angaben uber England,
Sudkuste. 3. Nachtrag zum Text- and Bildheft.
Geneigtaufnahmen vom Ostabschnitt (Littlehampton
bis Margate); 20 May 1941
3. Militargeographische Angaben uber England,
Ostkuste (Sudlicher Teil, von Margate bis zum
Humber). Text- and Bildheft mit Kartenanlagen;
30 August 1940
4. Militargeographische Angaben 'Aber England,
0stkuste (N6rdlicher Teil, vom Humber bis zum Firth
of Tay). Text- and Bildheft mit Kartenanlagen;
15 October 1940
5. Militargeographische Angaben uber England.,
Westkuste-Sudlicher Teil (von Cornwall bis Anglesey).
Text- and Bildheft mit Kartenanlagen; 27 December
1940
6. Militargeographische Angaben uber England
Schottland, Westkiiste-Nordlicher Teil (von Great
Ormes Head bis Oban). Text- and Bildheft mit
Kartenanlagen; 28 February 1941
2. Militargeographische Einzelangaben Uber England; Militar-
geographische Objektkarten mit Objektbildern; 15 May 1942
Mappe 1. The Border
1. England 1:250,000, Blatt 1. The Border umfassend
die Blattbereiche (BB) 1, 2, 3 der Ka.rte von
England 1:100,000
2. Stadtplane (see D-3)
3. Heft: Objektbilder
Mappe 2. Nordliches Zentralgebiet; 6 May 1942
1. England 1:250,000, Blatt 2, N6rdliches Zentral-
gebiet umfassend die Blattbereiche (BB) 2, 3, 4,
5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 13 der Karte von England
1:100,000
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2. Stadtplane (see D-4)
3. Heft: Objektbilder
Mappe 3. Nordost-England; 30 April 1942
1. England 1:250,000, Blatt 3, Nordost-England
umfassend die Blattbereiche (BB) 3, 6, 7, 9, 10,
12, 13, 14 der Karte von England 1:100,000
2. Stadtplane (see D-5)
3. Heft: Objektbilder
Mappe I. Nord-Wales and Manchester; 31 March 1942
1. England 1:250,000 Blatt 4, Nord-Wales and
Manchester umfassend die Blattbereiche (BB)
11, 12, 13, 15, 16, 17, 21, 22, 23 der Karte
von England 1:100,000
2. Stadtplane (see D-6)
3. Heft: Objektbilder
Mappe 5. Not published
Mappe 6. Nord-Midlands; 12 March 1942
1. England 1:250,000, Blatt 6, Nord-Midlands
umfassend die Blattbereiche (BB) 9, 10, 12,
13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18 der Karte von England
1:100,000
2.. Stadtplane (see D-7)
3. Heft: Objektbilder
Mappe 7. Sid Wales; 30 November 1941
1. England 1:250,000, Blatt 7, Sad-Wales umfassend
die Blattbereiche (BB) 15, 16, 20, 21, 22, 26,
27, 32 der Karte von England 1:100,000
2. Stadtplane (see D-8)
3. Heft: Objektbilder
Mappe 8. Midlands; 7 October 1941
1. England 1:250,000, Blatt 8, Midlands umfassend
die Blattbereiche (BB) 16, 17, 18, 22, 23, 24, 27,
28, 29 der Karte von England 1:100,000
2. Stadtplane (see D-9)
3. Heft: Objektbilder
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Mappe 9.. Ost-;Anglia;, 30 September. 1.941
. England 1:250,000, Blatt-9, Ost-Anglia umfassend
die Blattbereiche (BB) 18, 19, 24, 25, 29, 30,
ko der; Karte vo.n; England 1:10.0, 000
Stadtplane.(see D-1O),
. Heft: Objektbilder
Mappe 10. Sudwest-England; 18 September 1941
1. England 1:250,000, Blatt 10, Sudwest-England
umfassend die Blattbereiche.(BB:)3l, 35, 36
der Karte von England 1:100,000
2. Stadtplane (See D-11)
3. Heft: Ob,jektbilder.
Mappe 11. Sad-England; 5 October 19+1
1. England 1:250,000, Blatt 11, Sind-England
umfassend die Blattbereiche (BB) 27, 28, 32,
.37,.38 derKarte.vonEngland 1 100,0.00
2. Stadtplane (see D-12)
3. Heft: Objektbilder
33,
Mappe 12. Sudost-England and London
.;, England 1:250,000, Blatt 12, Sudost-England and
London. umfass,end_die..Blattbereioh.e (BB) 28, 29,
30, 33, 34, 38, 39, 40 der Karte von England
1:100., 000
2. .,Stadtplane (see D-13)
3. ? .Heft;;. Objektbi.lder
Lisle geographisoher Eigennamen mit Angabe ihrer
Aussprache, Signaturen, Schriftmuster and Abkizrzungen
auf englischen.Karten; 18 December 19+0
Militargeographische Angaben uber Schottland; Entwurf;
1 November 1942
1. Textheft
2. Bildheft,
3. Ubereichtskerte von Schottland, 1:500,000
4. MJrtit"rgeographischeOperationskarte Grossbri
tanni.en,.1:500,000 (IVordblatt): Schottland and
England (nordlicher Teil)
5. Kane: ,;Schottland: Bevolkerungsverteilung, 1931
(1:1)000,000)
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6. Karte: Schottland: Eisenbahnnetz, 1:1,000,000, mit
Stationsverseichnis auf der Riickseite
7. Karte: Schottland: Funkstellen, Fernsprech- and
Telegraphennetz, 1:1,000,000
8. Karte: Elektrazitatewirtschaft von Schottland
9. Heft: Stadtdurchfahrtplane Schottland
10. Stadtplan von Edinburgh mit Mil-Geo-Eintragungen
(1:15,000)
11. Stadtplan von Glasgow mit Mil-Geo-Eintragungen
(1:15,000)
12. Stadtplan von Aberdeen mit Mil-Geo-Eintragungen
(1:10,000)
13. Stadtplan von Dundee mit Mil-Geo-Eintragungen
(1:10,000)
5. EOK file, GMDS H 291A1.3.5
C. Map Series
1. Militargeographische Objektkarte von England,
1:250,000; August 1941
City Plans
1.
City plans at 1:10,000; July 1940-June 1942. (Sheet
numbers for each plan are given in D-3 through D-13,
as indicated in the following alphabetical list.)
Aberavon-Port Talbot
D- 8
Exeter
D-11
Accrington
D- 4
Folkestone
D-13
Barrow in Furness
D- 4
Gloucester
D- 9
Bath
D-12
Grimsby
D- 7
Birmingham
D- 9
Halifax
D- 7
Blackburn
D- 4
Huddersfield
D- 7
Bolton
D- 6
Ipswich
D-10
Bournemouth
D-12
Keighley
D- 4
Bradford
D- 7
Kingston upon Hull
D- 5
Brighton
D-13
Leeds
D- 7
Bristol
D-12
Leicester
D- 7
Burnley
D- 7
Lincoln
D- 7
Cardiff
D- 8
Liverpool
D- 6
Carlisle
D- 3
Manchester
D, 6
Coventry
D- 9
Middlesborough
D- 5
Derby
D- 7
Newcastle
D- 3
Dewsbury-Batley
D- 7
Newport
D- 8
Dover
D-13
Northampton
D- 9
Dudley
D- 9
Nottingham
D- 7
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Oldham
Oxford.
Plymouth
Portsmouth
Preston
Reading
Rugby
Sheffield
Southampton
South Shields
Stoke on Trent D- 6
Sunderland D- 3
Swansea D- 8
Torquay D-11
Wakefield D- 7
Walsall D-- 9
Warrington D- 6
Wolverhampton D- 6
York D- 5
2. London, 1:20,000 (see A-1, Mappe B, 3)
3. In A-2, Mappe 1, 2
Carlisle
Newcastle
South Shield
Sunderland
BB 2a
BB 3a, b, c
BB 3 Zusammendruck
BB 3 Zusammendruck
4. In A-2, Mappe 2, 2
Barrow in Furness
Preston
Accrington
Blackburn
Keighley
BB 8a, b
BB 8c, d
BB 9e, f
BB 9g, h
BB 9ae, of
In A-2, Mappe 3, 2
Middlesborough
York
Kingston upon Hull
6. Ir.. A-2, Mappe 4, 2
Oldham
Manchester
Bolton
Warrington
Liverpool
Wolverhampton
Stoke on Trent
BB 12a, b, c, d
BB 12e, f, g, h, i, k, 1, m,
n, o, p, q, r, s
BB 12t, u
BB 12v, w, x, y
BB l2aa, ab, ac, ad, ae, af, ag,
ah, ai
BB 16 Zusammendruck
BB 16e, f
7. In A-2, Mappe 6, 2
Burnley
Halifax
D- 6
D-,9
D-11
D-12
D- 4
D-13
D- 9
D- 7
D-12
D- 3
BB 9a, b, c, d
BB 91) k, 1, m
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BB 6b, c, d, e
BB 10 Zusammendruck
BB 10 Zusammendruck
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Bradford
Leeds
Dewsbury-Batley
Wakefield
Huddersfield
Sheffield
Lincoln
Grimsby
Nottingham
Derby
Leicester
BB 9n, o, p
BB 9q, r, s, t, U, v
BB 9w, x
BB 9y, z
BB 9aa, ab, ac, ad
BB 13a, b, c, d, e
BB 14 Zusammendruck
BB l4e, f
BB 17 Zusammendruck
BB 17c, d, e
BB 17f, g
8. In A-2, Mappe 7, 2
Swansea
Aberavon-Port
Talbot
Newport
Cardiff
9. In A-2, Mappe 8, 2
Walsall
Dudley
Birmingham
Coventry
Rugby
Northampton
Gloucester
Oxford
10. In A-2, Mappe 9, 2
Ipswich
11. In A-2, Mappe 10, 2
Exeter
Plymouth
Torquay
BB 26 Zusammendruck
BB 26c, d
BB 27 Zusammendruck
BB 32a, b, c
BB 17h, i, k, 1
BB 22a, b, c, d, e
BB 23a, b, c, d, e, f,
BB 23 Zusammendruck
BB 23m, n
BB 23 Zusammendruck
BB 27g, h, i, k
BB 28 Zusammendruck
h, i
BB 35 Zusammendruck
BB 36 Zusammendruck
BB 36 Zusammendruck
In A-2, Mappe 11, 2
Bath
Bristol
Bournemouth
Portsmouth
Southampton
BB 32 Zusammendruck
BB 32 Zusammendruck
BB 38 Zusammendruck
BB 38 Zusammendruck
BB 38 Zusammendruck
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13. In A-2, Mappe 12, 2
Reading BB 33 Zusammendruck
Brighton BB 39 Zusammendruck
Dover BB 40 Zusammendruck
Folkerstone BB 40 Zusammendruck
14.. Plans of four Scottish cities (Aberdeen, Dundee,
Edinburgh, and Glasgow) at various scales (see A-4)
10-13)
15. Through-way plans of 146 English towns (A-1, Mappe A, 13)
16. Through-way plans of 14 Scottish towns (A-4, 9)
E. Remarks
Mil-Geo did a rather complete job on England, Wales, and
Scotland, with special attention to coasts and strategic objectives.
A-1, Mappe A, 5, is a very detailed operations map. For
example, it is much more carefully done and shows more information,
than the Norway operations map. The map on drainage (Mappe A, 9)
gives figures on depth and width of streams. The population map
(Mappe A, 12) shows general distribution of population according
to the latest complete census, 1931. Population density is
shown by isOrithms.
The Textheft on London (A-l, Mappe B, 1) is merely a listing
of transportation and telecommunications centers, with some mention
of industry. The pictures stress the importance of bridges.
A-1, Mappe 0,is composed mainly of pictures and maps of
the coastal areas described in the text. The short textual
introduction describes small sections of the coast on the basis
of coastal forms, the beach, and the hinterland.
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A-2 comprises 11 folders (Mappen 1-12, with Mappe 5 missing),
each of which contains a Mil-Geo map at 1:250,000, a picture
booklet, and some city plans.
The base of the map series, C-1, is the German Army topo-
graphic map of England and Wales at 1:250,000. Mil-Geo data are
printed in black, red, and purple. Bridges are the only item
shown in black, and fewer of them are identified than is usual
in these studies. Items such as radio stations, military posts,
airfields, hospitals, railroad workshops, and harbors are
shown in red. Mines, electric power stations, and a large
variety of industries are shown in purple. An Objektverzeioh-
nis identifies and describes the strategic targets, this list
being the only text. The sheet lines for the Sonderausgabe
der Karte von England and Wales at 1:100,000 are shown on the
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SOUT$EASTERN AND SOUTHERN EUROPE
Southeastern Europe
A. Textual Materials
1. Sudosteuropa, Donauraum and Balkanhalbineel; 15 March
191+0
Ein militargeographischer Uberlick, Beschreibungen
and Angaben uber Slowakei, Ungarn) Rumanien, ehemaliges
Jugoslawien, Bulgarien, Albanien, Griechenland and
Europaische Turkei
Militargeographischer Uberlick (Textheft)
Ubersichtskarte 1:1,000,000 (Nordblatt)
Ubersichtekarte 1:1,000,000 (Sudblatt)
Landschaftsgliederung, Karte 1:3,000,000
Die Volker des Donauraumes and der Balkanhalbinsel,
Karte 1:3,000,000
Ubersicht der Kartenwerke, Karte 1:3,000,000
Militargeographische Operationskarte, 1:1,000,000
(Westbiatt)
Militargeographische Operationskarte, 1:1,000,000
(Ostblatt)
Eisenbahnubersichtskarte von Siidosteuropa, 1:2,250,000
2. Nachtrage zur Mappe: Sudosteuropa, Donauraum and
Balkanhalbinsel; December 191+0
Ubersichtskarte von Rumanien, 1:1,000,000 (Grenzen
am 30 August 191+0)
Beriohtigungen zum Textheft
Pausen (3) mit den zur Zeit gultigen Grenzen fur die
wichtigsten Karten der Mappe Sudosteuropa (March 191+0)
Uberlick der militargeographischen Bedingungen fur die
Verteidigung der Kusten Sudost-Europas; July 191+3.
Geheim
Texthefft with map (1:2,500,000) in pocket
Bildar fang
B. Translations -- None
Map Series
1. Mil-Geo-Karte Siidost-Europa, 1:200,000; 1939 to March
1941+
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D. City Plane
1. In A-1, Textheft:
An annotated directory of important cities
2. On C-1:
Plans on backs of sheets
E. Remarks
The study on southeastern Europe is especially useful in
that it provides the only textual coverage of Bulgaria and Hungary
by Mil-Geo. More detailed handbooks were published separately for
European Turkey, Greece, Rumania, and Yugoslavia, but the only
other coverage for Albania is a coastal defense study, and for
Slovakia only prewar studies were used.
The Textheft of A-1 is unusually long -- 295 pages.
Following a summary of the entire area, each country is treated
separately. First, the general geography is presented, and
then the geography of each region within the country. Numerous
black-and-white maps illustrate the text. The volume also
contains a directory of water features, gazetteers of important
cities and of place names, a summary of linguistic characteristics
for each country, a brief listing of the main German map
series of Southeast Europe, and a bibliography of the most
important geographic works on each country.
The two-sheet Milita.rgeographische Operationekarte is the
best relative relief map of the Balkans.
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Coastal defense problems are covered in detail in A-3. The
coast is divided into 15 sections, which are outlined on a map
in the pocket of the Textheft. The text for each section is
accompanied by a colored map-, and the pictures in the Bildanhang
are grouped according to the sections. The study was done
jointly by OSM/Sk1 and three Mil-Geo Aussenstellen (Mil-Geo
Gruppe Saloniki-Agais, Mil-Geo Gruppe Sudgriechenland, and
Mil-Geo Gruppe Sorbien),
The base of C-1 is the Germany Army topographic map of
southeastern Europe at 1:200,000. The purple overprint shows
the main roads and road data, passes; tunnels, bridges, river
data, areas susceptible to flooding, harbors, cliffs, observa-
tion points, sink areas, areas where gliders might land, mines,
various types of industries, power plants, high-tension lines,
hospitals, military posts, and seaplane bases. There is a list
of strategic targets. The data on bridges and tunnels are given
in tabular form rather than in the more usual textual form.
Also on the map is a brief description of physical features,
transportation, population and settlement, economy, billeting,
supplies, and health conditions. City plans are on the backs
of the sheets. Streets are not always named, but the main
through routes and strategic targets are shown.
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Albania
A. Textual Materials
1. Orts- and Gelandenamen Albaniens; 15 February 1941;
GMDS H29/I C2.1
2. Einzeldarstellung der geographischen Bedingungen fur
die Verteidigung der Kusten Albanians; October 1943.
Geheim
B. Translations -- None
C. Map Series
1. Albanien - Kustengestaltung, Durchgangigkeit,
Verbindungen, Luftlandem6glichkeiten, 1:500,000;
preliminary edition, June 1943; third edition, October
1943. Geheim
D. City Plans
1. In A-2, on back of map:
Tirana, 1:15,000
E. Remarks
There is no standard-type geographical handbook on Albania.
The only general geographic treatment appears as a brief summary
in Sudosteuropa, Donauraum and Balkanhalbinsel, pages 162 to 172.
Two black-and-white maps are included.
A-1 (12 pages) gives the various spellings of place names
that appear on eight different map series covering Albania, with
indexes for two of the series, Balkan 1:200,000 and Sonderausgabe
Albanian 1:50,000.
The coastal study (A-2) is limited primarily to considera-
tions of defense of the Albanian coast. An important part of
the study is a map that shows coastal forms, trafficability,
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transportation routes, aircraft landing possibilities, and other
related data. On the back of the map are a general description
of Albania, descriptions of the various sections of the coast,
a.map at 101,000,000 showing the distribution of malaria in
the country, and, the city plan of Tirana. Mar-Geo assisted
Mil-Geo in the preparation of the coastal portions of both
the text and the map.
s2ESTRI TED
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Bulgaria
Mil-Geo did not publish a separate handbook on Bulgaria. A
generalized treatment is given the country in the handbook on
Southeast Europe. A book on Bulgarian roads, which is often
mistaken for a Mil-Geo work, is "Bulgarian," published by
Fremde Heere Ost in December 1940.
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A. Textual Materials
Militargeographische Angaben uber Zypern; 10 May 19+1
Textheft mit Bildanhang
Obersichtskarte, 1:250,000
Seekarte, 1:325,OOQ
C. Map Series -- None
D. City Plans
1: In A-1, Textheft:
Famagusta and Varosha
Ktima und, Paphos
Kyrenia
Larnaca
Limassol
Nicosia
Troodos und. Pano Platres
2. In A-l, inset on Tbersichtskarte:
Nicosia, 1:15,625
E. Remarks
The text is short and general. It is stated in the foreword
that insufficient material was available from which to prepare a
detailed study. Included are seven black-and-white sketch plans
of the main cities (D-1) and four black-and-white maps, two of
which show annual precipitation and terrain regions, respectively.
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A. Textual Materials
1. Militargeographische Beschreibung der Sudetenlander
(Bohmen, Mabren-Schlesien); GenSt d H, 9 Abt (Mil-Geo);
1937 and 1 July 1938; GMDS H 29/1F1+.5 and H 29/lF1+.1.
Geheim
2. Militargeographische Beschreibung des sudetendeutschen
Gebietes beiderseits der Elbe; Generalkommando IV A.K.,
Abt Mil-Geo; Dresden, 15 May 1938; GMDS H 29/lF4.2
3. Durchfalutplane von Orten in der Tschechoslowakei; OKH,
GenSt d H, 9 Abt; Berlin, 1938; GMDS H 29/1F3.1
4. EOK file, GMDS H 29/1F.1
B. Translations -- None
C. Map Series -?- See Rumania, Mil-Geo-Karte Durchgangikeit Karpaten
(C-2)
D. City Plans
1. In A-3:
Pilsen, 1:15,000
Prag, 1:25,000
Briinn, 1:25,000
Olmittz, 1:25,000
E. Remarks
A-1 is an early Mil-Geo study. The Textheft contains descrip-
tions of individual regions, water features, weather, air transpor-
tation, railroads, roads, telecommunications, economy, and population;
directories of populated places and strategic targets; and pictures
of the places and objects discussed in the test.
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Five maps show the distribution of soil types, geographic
regions, road classifications; industry, high-tension lines,
transportation,telecommunications, agricultural districts, and
distribution of nationalities. Mich of this information is given
in tabular form.
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Gibraltar
A. Textual Materials
1. Militargeographische Angaben uber die Strasse von
Gibraltar; 12 December 1940.
Text- and Bildheft
Karte: Strasse von Gibraltar, 1:200,000
Karte: Halbinsel Gibraltar, 1:10,000
Karte des von Gibraltar aus eingesehenen Gelandes, 1:50,000
B. Translations -- None
C. Map Series -- None
D. City Plans
1. Halbinsel Gibraltar, 1:10,000
E. Remarks
This study on Gibraltar was intended to be a supplement to the
Mil-Geo handbook on Spain and Portugal. In addition to Gibraltar,
the text describes the Spanish hinterland, Tangier, and Spanish
Morocco and discusses the oceanographic characteristics of the
Straits. Photographs are included as a part of the Textheft.. There
are brief glossaries of Spanish and Arabic geographical terms.
An unusual map at 1:50,000 shows land exposed to observation
from Gibraltar, with visible areas in the Spanish hinterland blocked
out in red.
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Greece
A. Textual Materials-
1. Siidosteuropa, Donauraum lnd Balkanhalbinsel, pages 173-197;
15 March 19+0
2. Militargeographische Beschreibung von Nordost-Griechenland
(Ebene von Saloniki bis Maritzatal); 20 December 19+0
Textheft mit Bildhang
Mittelbalkan, 1:1,000,000
Strassenkarte, 1:600,000 (2 sheets)
Stadtpla:n von Saloniki, 1:10,000
3. Militaxgeographische Beschreibung von Griechenland (ohne
Nordost-Griechenland); 31 March 19+1
Textheft
Bildheft
Sudosteuropa, Donauraum and Balkanhalbinsel, Sudblatt,
1:1,000,000
Griechenland. Fernsprech- u. Telegraphennetz, 1:800,000
Strassenkarte von Griechenland, 1:600,000
Stadtplan von Athen, 1:10,000
Mil-Geo-Plan von Piraus, 1:10,000
4. Militargeographische Beschreibung von Griechenland (mit
Makedonien and Westthrakien); 20 April 19141.. Geheim
Textheft
Ortschaftsverzeichnis
5. Militargeographische Beschreibung von Griechenland
Teil: Kreta and Agaische Inseln; Entwurf; first printing
19 March 19+1; Textteil, Bildteil, and Kartenanhang
(8 maps) bound together
6. Militargeographische Uberblick uber die Insel Rhodos;
Entwurf; 3 March 19+3; mimeographed. Geheim
7. Die italienischen Inseln des Agaischen Meeres; April 1942;
typewritten manuscript. Geheim
8. Militargeographische Beurteilung der Insel Zante (dazu
Militargeographische Skizze der Insel Zante), 1:100,000;
27 October 19+3; mimeographed. Geheim
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9. Der Einfluss des Klimas auf die ,Benutzbarkeit and
Leistungsfahigkeit der Strassen Sizdgriechenlands, sowie
der Ionischen and Sfidagaischen Inseln; no date, catalogued
by Germans in 19+3; mimeographed. Geheim
10. Bildheft zur Mil-Geo-Karte von Griechenland. 1:100,000;
Mil-Geo-Gruppe Griechenland Aussenstelle Sa.loniki; 19l11.
Geheim
B B 8-D Epanomi
B B 9-D Polijiros
B. Translations -- None
C. Map Series
1. Mil-Geo-Karte Griechenland, 1:100,000; October to December
1943. Geheim
2. Mil-Geo-Karte Griechenland (Insel Kreta), 1:100,000;
September to December 1943. Geheim
Mil-Geo-Karte LGriechenland7, 1:500,000; May to December
1943. Geheim
Sheet A: Nordgriechenland and Agaische Inseln Kiistengestal-
tung, Durchgangigkeit, Luftlandemoglichkeiten, Malariage-
f ahrdung
Sheet B: Nord- and Mittelgriechenland Kusstenpestaltung,
Durchgangigkeit, Luftlandemoglichkeiten, Malariagefahrdung
Sheet C: Mittel- and Siidgriechenland Kustengestaltung,
Durchgangigkeit and Luftlandem6glichkeiten
D. City Plans
1. In A-2:
Saloniki, 1:10,000
2. In A-2, Textheft:
Drama, 1:12,000 Saloniki, 1:75,000
Komotini, 1:12,000 Serres, 1:1+,000
3. In A-3:
Athen, 1:10,000 Patras, 1:10,200
Kerkira (Korfu)no scale given Piraus, 1:10,000
Larisa, 1:18,690
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E. Remarks
About 25 pages of the Textheft of A-1, a general handbook for
all of southeastern Europe, are devoted to Greece. A general de-
scription of the country is followed by descriptions of the 10
regions into which Greece is divided. Three black-and-white maps,
at approximately 1:7,000,000, show the boundaries of the 35 provinces,
the population density per square kilometer as of 1928, and the
vegetation types. Greece is also included in the general discussions
and on the maps of southeastern Europe. (See also Southeastern
Europe, Remarks.)
The Textheft of A-2, which covers northeastern Greece, is small
but detailed. Several sections not usually found in Mil-Geo texts
are included. One section contains descriptions and photographs of
seven large cities (Saloniki Serres, Drama, Komotini, Kavalla,
Xanthi, and Alexandrupolis), with black-and-white maps of the first
four (D-2). In another section, important military installations
are discussed. The spellings of place nemes on four German map
series and one Greek series are compared in tables. At the back of
the Textheft are four large-scale black-and-white maps which show.
respectively, agricultural areas. road connections, railroads. and
roads. A road map, Das Strassennetz von Griechenland, at 1:1,650,000,
evaluates the quality of the roads, which are shown on a base that
gives elevations, a rather unusual feature. Other maps in the
Textheft include one on the distribution of malaria in northeastern
Greece and one showing the drainage system in the vicinity of
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Salonika. A better map on malaria, at a larger scale, is included
in the Textheft of A-I+.
The Strassenkarten in A-2 and A-3 are sheets 82, 83, and 90 of
Freytag and Berndt's Autokarten, a good six-color road map that was
kept up to date. The sheets also cover large areas adjoining Greece.
The city plan of Salonika in A-2 has extensive street and place
registers, whereas the plans of Athens and Piraeus in A-3 lack such
lists.
A-3 covers all of Greece except the northeastern part. The
Textheft is divided into three sections. The first section gives a
general picture of the physical geography, population distribution
and characteristics, sanitation, transportation, industry, and,
military problems. The second section is a description of each of
the regions of south Greece and the Greek islands. The third section
describes individual water features, railroads, roads, airfields and
facilities, radio facilities, submarine cables, mines, industries,
and electric power stations. A place register contains plans not
available elsewhere for Patras, Larisa, and Kerkira (Korfu) (D-3).
Several harbor plans included in the text are for the eastern and
western entrances to the Corinth Canal, Bucht von Elunta (Spinalonga),
Bucht von Ajos Nikolaos (Golf von Mirabella), Hafen von Ermupolis
(Siros), Hafen von Argostoli, Hafen von Saloniki, and Hafen von Volos.
Three monochrome maps at the back of the Textheft are Umgebung von
Chania and der Suda-Bucht, 1:25,000; Umgebung von Iraklion (Kreta),
1:20,000; and Umgebung von Pachiammos (Ost Kreta), 1:20,000.
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Other items ofinterest in the Textheft are a map delimiting the
provinces_;-a 1928 map of population density; a sketch map of the
distribution of malaria in Greece and neighboring areas (in red,
white, and black); a drainage map of the vicinity of Salonika; and a
sketch map showing distances from Greek cities to points in Sicily,
Italy, Albania, Bulgaria, Turkey, Cyprus, Rhodes, Egypt, and Cyrenaica.
A-4 is a revised edition of A-2 and A-3. A-4 was classified
Secret, whereas the earlier volumes were Restricted, The organi-
zation of the material and the test figures are the same in all
three. A sketch map of submarine cables is included at the end of
the text of A -4j and a map in the pocket on the back cover, for
which the Deutsche Weltkarte was used as .a base, shows the distri-
bution of malaria in Greece and delimits the terrain regions dis-
cussed in the text. The malaria map was prepared by the Hygeniker
beim Heeresgruppenarzte E.
A-5 is a single volume. The text deals in fair detail with
Crete and in lesser detail with the Aegean Islands, which are
grouped for discussion,as follows: the Northern Islands, the
Eastern Islands, the Northern Sporades, and the Cyclades. Next is
an alphabetical list (in German spelling) of the Aegean Islands.
The picture section is only fair. The following maps are included:
Ubersichts- and St:rassenkarte von Kreta, 1:500,000; Umgebung von
Chan.iaund der Suda-Bucht, ca. 1:25,000; Umgebung von Iraklion
(Kreta), 1:20,000; Der Golf von Mirabella; Umgebung von Pachiammos
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(Ost-Kreta), 1:20,000; Kreta: Flugplatze, Funkste.llen,.Fernaprech-
and Kabelnetz; Hafen von Hermupolis (Syros); and Griechenland, Karte
der Telegrafenlinien, Seekabel, and Funkstellen.
A-6 is handled in the standard manner. A German Army map,
Tiirkei, 1:200,000, sheet J-III, accompanies the study.
A_-7 covers the Dodecanese, the former Italian islands of the
Aegean Sea ceded to Greece on 10 February 1947, including Rhodes,
Castel Rosso, and about 40 small islands and islets. The first
section is a general discussion of the islands under these
headings: strategic importance, administration, land forms, climate,
roads, telecommunications, industry, and military significance. The
second section is an alphabetical register of the islands, which
includes the area and population and a short description of each.
A-8 is an eight-page mimeographed report on the Island of
Zante (Zakynthos). A map at 1:100,000, by the Generalkdo, I,XVIII.
A.K. Ia/Mess, which accompanies the report, indicates mountains,
plateaus, and lowlands; shows several types of coast; and locates
roads, airports, potential landing areas, swamps, and seasonally
flooded areas.
A-9 is a five-page mimeographed report which discusses the
effects of climate on use and load capacity of roads in each of
three zones.
A-10 consists of two small booklets of pictures with a map that
locates the places where the pictures were taken.
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The base used for C-1 is a German Army topographic map,
Griechenland, 1:100,000. A purple overprint shows the main roads,
with width, type of surface, curves, steep gradients, and bridges;
sandy beaches; high points affording views in all directions; cliffs;
and springs, swamps, and areas subject to flooding. Words indicating
the type of surface of subsoil, such as "'Karst," "$alk" (chalk),
and "Steiniger Boden" (stony surface), are overprinted in purple
across the map. Each sheet has several sketch maps, which show
malarial areas, political subdivisions, the area for which aerial
photos were available at the time of compilation, and an index of
adjoining sheets. A textual description of the physical features,
roads,and transportation, economy, population and settlement, health
conditions, and telecommunications is found on each sheet. A
place register with short descriptions of each important place also
is provided. City plans are shown on the back of some sheets, but
streets are not named, and only a few buildings and installations
are identified.
The base of C-2 is the German Army topographic map Griechenland
(Inset Kreta), 1:100,000. A purple overprint shows the main roads,
the width and surface material, narrow passages, passes, tunnels,
bridges, canals, high-tension lines, soil materials, anchorages,
cliff coasts, and flat beaches where landings are most feasible. It
is unusual to find landing data on a Mil-Geo map.series, this in-
formation usually being included only on Kiistenbeschreibung maps.
Also shown are disembarkation points; observation posts, with arrows
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showing the direction of the view; places where paratroop landings
could be made with the least difficulty; industrial areas; and areas
where the water supply is sufficient for the whole year, where it is
insufficient in summer and fall, and where it is insufficient during
the entire. year. Sketch maps in the margin show the adjoining sheet
areas, the coverage of 1:50,000 sheets for the same sheet area, the
distribution of malaria, and terrain regions. The textual description
covers the physical features, health conditions, roads, passes, native
transportation, population, settlements, agriculture, industry,
power, and telecommunications. A list of strategic targets and a
gazetteer also are included. Strategic targets are identified
either on the map or in a list in the margin. Some streets are
named. The C-2 series of maps is considered the best produced by
Mil-Geo.
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Hungary
Mil-Geo published no separate handbook on Hungary, but the
country is included in the general chapter of the handbook on
southeastern Europe. There is an EOK file at GMDS, Call No.
H 29/IF.1, and part of Hungary is shown on the map series of ad-
joining countries (see CIA 10708, First Revision).
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Italy
A. Textual Materials
1. Ober-Italien Strassenkarten and Stadtdurchfahrtplane;
June 1940
Strassenubersicht and Strassenausbau, 1:1,000,000
Strassenkarten Ober-Italien, 1:200,000, sheets 1-12
Stadtdurchfahrtplane Ober-Italien (see D-1)
2. Militargeographischer Uberblick ib.er die Insel Sardinien;
Entwurf; 15 March 1943. (Mimeo) Geheim
3. Militargeographischer lberblick caber die Insel Sizilien;
Entwurf; 25 March 1943. (Mimeo) Geheim
4. Militargeographischer Uberblick caber die Halbinsel Italien
(ohne Italienisches Alpengebiet); Entwurf; 1 June 1943.
Gehe im
Textteil
Kartenskizze: Durchgangsstrassen Stand von 1938
Ubersichtskarte, 1:1,000,000: Gangbarkeit and Kusten-
beschaffenheit
5. Nautisch-Geographische Kiistenbeschreibung der Halbinsel
Italien; Entwurf; 15 July 1943. Gehelm
Textteil
Kartenmappe
1 Militargeographische Karte, 1:1,000,000
7 Seekarten, 1:250,000
2 Seekarten, 1:750,000
B. Translations -- None
1. Mil-Geo-Karte Italian, 1:200,000; November 1943 to December
1944. Geheim
D. City Plans
1. In A-l, Stadtdurchfahrtplane:
Through-way plans of 88 towns in northern Italy
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2. OnC--1:
Sketch maps and through-way town plans
E. Remarks
It is surprising that Mil-Geo published so little on Italy in
view of the importance of that country in World War II. Much of the
material that was completed is not of high quality.
A-1 includes an Italian road map (Raci Stato Delle Strade
d'Italia 1938), at 1:1,000,000, to which a German legend was added.
A German printing of Carta Auto Mobilistica al 200,000 del Touring
Club Italiano shows 7 classes of roads, railways, cogwheel railroads,
trams, road crossings, underpasses and overpasses, toll stations, 14
types of plans of interest to tourists, and first-order internal
boundaries.
A-2 comprises a text with five maps. One of the maps shows
the position of Sardinia in the Mediterranean Sea and names the
places within a-radius of 500 kilometers from Oristano, Sardinia.
Another shows the terrain types (flat, hilly, or mountainous)
and delimits the terrain regions of Sardinia discussed in the text.
The third is a road map (as of 1938) that shows five classes of
roads keyed to the text discussion. Another map locates the coastal...
types described in the text, possible landing places for seaborne
troops, potential landing fields for airplanes, main roads, railroads,
and the drainage network. The other map is a reproduction of sheet
6 of the 19+2 edition of the Carta Aeronautica d'Italia(Corsica
and Sardinia), 1:500,000, which shows six classes of roads, single-and.
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double-track railroads, and aircraft landing facilities. This sheet
has only the Italian legend, which is a deviation from the usual Mil-
Geo custom of supplying a German legend and title on a foreign map
and making only a brief reference to the source.
A-3 is an excellent study of Sicily. Six sketch maps included
in the text show (1) the location of Sicily in the Mediterranean,
(2) the climate, (3) land forms and terrain studies, (4+) distribution
of wells, (5) distribution of population, and (6) agricultural pro-
ducts., In a pocket at the back are two more maps, one of which is a
simplified version of an Operationskarte which shows parts of the
coast where landings would be likely or unlikely, railroads, roads and
potential landing fields for aircraft.
A-1 covers the mainland of Italy south of a line connecting
Mount Cenis, Milan, and the northernmost part of the Gulf of Trieste.
There are more black-and-white maps in this handbook than in any of
the others on Italy. The following subjects are covered: location,
administrative subdivisions (including those of second order), drain-
age basins, Apulian water-supply system, population density, patterns
of settlement, distribution of malaria, important agricultural areas,
industry and mineral resources, terrain regions, and a map showing
the location of the coastal areas described. In the back pocket of
the Textteil is a map entitled Kiistenbeschaffenheit, Gangbarkeit and
Hafen, 1:1,000,000, which shows the mountainous areas, swamps, passes,
tunnels, types of coast, and four types of harbors. This map gives
less detail than do the Operationekarten for the United Kingdom and
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Norway. A Gea-Karte was used as the base. There is also a black-
and-white map showing three classes each of double-track and single-
track railroads and the main highways as of 1938.
The Textteil of A-5 is a description of the coastal features of
Italy written by the 0berkommando der Kriegsmarine, Amtsgruppe Nautik
Nautisch-Wissenschaftliche Abteilung (Mar-Geo). It was the first
project of the type undertaken by Mar-Geo. According to OIR Report
No. 3704 of the Department of State, it was completed in 1 month
from "pource material which included nautical charts, topographic
maps, nautical handbooks, and various geographical publications.
No air photos were used and no field reconnaissance was possible.
The text contains no maps, pictures, graphs or tables." The maps
in the A-5 folder include a summary sheet overprinted on a Gea
Verlag map and nine sheets printed on German nautical charts.
The base of C-1 is the German Army topographic map Italien,
1:200,000. The main roads are given, and the Mil-Geo overprint
gives the width of the roads and the types of surface. The map
shows narrow passages; direction and percentage of slope; bridges;
stream depth, width, and flow per second; flooded areas; escarp-
ments; observation posts, with direction of view indicated; power
plants; and various types of industries. Physical features are
discussed in the margins, and a sketch map delimiting the regions
accompanies the text. The settlements, economy, and transportation
routes are described, and a list of strategic targets, with a brief
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description of each, is given. Some sheets have additional sketch
maps and city plans of the through-way type. The purple overprint
outlines the sheet area of the German Army topographic. map at
1:100,000.
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Malta .
A. Textual Materials
1. Militargeographische Angaben uber Malta; 20 March 19+1
Textheft mit Bildanhang
Seekarte, 1:70,000, Malta and Gozo
Karte von Malta, 1-25,000, mit Mil-Geo Angaben
B. Translations --- None
C. Map Series -- None
D. City Plans
1. In A-l, inset on Seekarte:
Hafen von Valletta, 1:12,500
E. Remarks
The Textheft of A-l is a short summary of the physical geo-
graphy, population data, transportation, economy, and military
significance of Malta. A sketch map shows the main physical fea-
tures and settlements. The Seekarte is a chart by the Oberkom-
mando der Kriegsmarine corrected to March. 1941. The 1:25,000 map
is a topographic map of Malta with strategic installations shown
by a red overprint.
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Rumania
A. Textual Materials
1. Militargeographische Beschreibung von Rumanien; 1 June 1940
Textheft
Landschaftsbilder
Landschaftsgliederung, 1:1,500,000
Verwaltungskarte, 1:1,000,000
Volksgruppen, 1:1,000,000
Verzeichnis der Orte mit deutscher Bevofkerung
Wirtschaftsiabersicht, 1:1,000,000
Strassenubersicht, 1:750,000
Eisenbahnkarte mit Stationsverzeichnis, 1:1,500,000
Fernsprech- and Telegraphennetz, 1:1,500,000
Stadtplan (see D-1)
Stadtdurchfahrtplane Rumanien (see D-2)
2. Nachtrag zur Militargeographischen Beschreibung von Rumanien
(as of 1 December 1940); Berlin, 5 January 1941.
Ubersichtskarte von Rumanien, 1:1,000,000 (boundaries as
of 30 August 194o)
Rumaniens neue Grenzen (boundaries as of 30 August 1940)
Pausen mit den zur Zeit gialtigen Grenzen fur die wichtig-
sten Karten der Mappe
B. Translations -- None
1. Militargeographische Karte von Rumiiien, 1:200,000; August
1943
2. Mil-Geo-Karte Durchgangigkeit Karpaten, 1:300,000; 1 July
1944 and 15 August 1944. Geheim
3. Donau-Delta, 1:100,000, Ausgabe Nr. 1, August 1943
D. City Plans
1. In A-l, Stadtplan:
Bukarest, 1:20,000; Bukarest, 1:10,000, on back
2. In A-1, Stadtdurchfahrtplane:
Through-way plans of 24 cities, with an index map
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3. On back of C-1 (at 1:10,000 except as noted):
Barlad
BuzKu.
Calarasi
Cernavod
Cetetea Alba (Akkerman).
(now in USSR)
DnJestr-Mundung bei Bugaz
and Carolina, 1:20,000
Dorbritsch (Bazargic)
(now in Bulgaria)
Focsani
Ismail (now in USSR)
Medgidia
Ra micul-Sarat
Siliatra
Sulina
Tighina (Bendery)
(now in USSR)
Tulcea
E. Remarks
The Textheft of A-1 is a typical Mil-Geo volume, except that
it contains only one black-and-white map, a sketch of vegetation
types. A directory of water features and towns occupies about one-
third of the 100 pages of text.
The regions outlined on the landscape map in A-1 are described
in detail in the Textheft. The map showing ethnic groups is very
detailed. An unusual feature is the inclusion of a booklet of towns
with the German population of each. The economic map gives a
rather detailed treatment of agriculture and industry, and an in-
dustrial target list is given in the margin. On the back are two
other maps -- one of the Ploesti oil area at 1:100,000 and the
other a small-scale index of standard topographic sheets at the
scales of 1:200,000, 1:100,000, and 1:75,000.
A-2 was prepared as a supplement to A-1 to provide information
on boundary changes. The 30 August 1940 boundaries are shown on
three different overlays, to be used on the maps in A-1 at the
scales of 1:1,500,000, 1:1,000,000, and 1:750,000.
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A more generalized geographical discussion of Rumania is given
in the handbook on southeastern Europe.
The road net of Rumania is discussed in a booklet with a bright
red cover which is often mistaken for a Mil-Geo work but which was
actually published by GenSt d Reeres, 0. Qu, IV. Oat, in June 1940,
under the title Das Strassennetz Rumaniens.
C-1 was prepared by the Mil-Geo-Gruppe of the German military
mission in Rumania, using the Generalkarte von Mitteleuropa-Balkan,
1:200,000, as a base. The major emphasis is on trafficability. The
width and load-bearing capacities of roads and of highway and rail-
road bridges, the type of road surface, steepness of grades, tunnels,
cliffs, flooded areas, crossing points, and observation posts are
shown. There also are many notes on the passability of the terrain.
The width, depth, and rate of flow of rivers and the location of dams
are indicated. Among the other features overprinted are hospitals,
granaries, mills, and schools.
Marginal text includes discussions of the land forms, soil
types, vegetation cover, climate, drainage system, population,
transportation, economy, health conditions, drinking-water supply,
and war damage. Inset maps in the text show geographic and admini-
strative regions and transportation.
Each sheet has a strategic target list, and some sheets also
list industrial targets. Most sheets have city plans on the back.
The base map used for the four westernmost sheets of C-2 (4+9,
50, Q!+9, and Q50) is the Obersichtskarte von Mitteleuropa. All other
other sheets are on the Osteuropa base.
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Mil-Geo data, shown by purple overprint, include double- and
single-track and narrow-gauge railroads and five categories of roads,
based on width, condition, passability in various kinds of weather,
and type of traffic they can carry. Distance between places, type
of surfacing, width, and route number are indicated along the
routes. Bridges are shown and keyed to the text description, and
passes, deep road cuts, percentage of slope over 8 percent, areas
subject to snowslides, cliffs, and observation posts are shown. The
width, depth, and rate of flow of rivers are given.
Marginal text on each sheet gives a general description, with
some interpretation, of land and water features and the type of
construction material, length, width, height, load capacity, and
condition of all bridges shown on the sheet.
An index map of the series at 1:2,000,000, showing the main
passes and routes, is on the back of the sheets. A text describes
the whole area under the following headings: general, geological
construction, surface construction of individual areas (Westkarpaten,
Waldkarpaten, Siebenburgische Bergland, Ostkarpaten, Sudkarpaten,
and Banater-Gebirge), climate, vegetation, railroads, roads, and
passes.
C-3, a two-sheet map prepared by the Mil-Geo Group with the
German Army Mission in Rumania, differs from regular Mil-Geo maps
in the following several ways: (1) the Mil-Geo Group compiled their
own base from Rumanian maps and German air photos, supplemented by
field reconnaissance; (2) the characteristic purple overprint that
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is generally employed to point up roads and installations is not
used, and no trafficability data are given; and (3) the map more
closely resembles a German Army topographic map than any of the
other Mil-Geo maps. The map appears to offer the best available
coverage of the Danube delta at this scale.
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Yugoslavia
A. Textual Materials
1. Militargeographische Begchreibung von Jugoslawien;
15 June 19+0
Text- and Bildheft
Ubersicht and Landschaftsgliederung, 1:1,000)000
Strassennetz, 1:1,000,000
Eisenbahnnetz (mit Stationsverzeichnis), 1:1,000,000
Verwaltuagseinteilung, 1:1,000,000
Fernsprech- and Telegraphennetz, 1:1,500,000
Volkliche Gliederung, Kerngebiete, 1:1,500,000
Volkliche Gliederung, Mehrheitsgebiete, 1:1,500,000
Verzeichnis der Orte mit deutscher Bevo'lkerung (containing
a black-and-white map of population density)
Stadtplane (see D-1)
Stadtdurchfahrtpl'ane (see D-2)
2. Einzeldarstellung der geographischen Bedingungen fur ?lie
Verteidigung der Kusten Dalmatiens mit anliegender Mil-Geo-
Karte, 1:500,000; October 1943. Geheim
3. Karsthohlen -- Beilagen-Mappe zur Hohlenkarte Italien,
1:25,000; Stellv. Gen. Kdo. XVIII A.K./Ia/Mess-Mi1.Geo and
Kriegskarten- and Vermessungsamt 8 (or Heeresvermessungs-
stelle Wien) for OKH, Wien 1944. Geheim
Trieste Fiume
Mune Grande/S. Lorenzo Postumia
Matteria Tarnova
B. Translations
1. Portions of the Textheft of A-1 dealing with physical fea-
tures, FDD translation No. 100, 28'Nov. 1947
C. Map Series
1. Mil-Geo-Karte Serbien, 1:100,000; November 1943. Geheim
(See also Southeastern Europe, 1:200,000)
D. City Plans
1. In A-l, Stadtpl'ane:
Stadtplan von Belgrad (mit Zemun), 1:15,000
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2. In A-l, Stadtdurchfahrtplane:
Through-way plans of 18 towns
3. On sheets of C-l, plans of the following cities at
1:200,000, dated April 19+1:
Agram (Zagreb) Marburg
Banja Luka Nisch (Nis)
Brod Sarajevo
Dubrownik (Ragusa) Subotica (Maria Theresiopol)
Esseg (Osijek) Uskup (Skbplje)
E. Remarks
The Textheft of A-1 is less elaborate than the usual Mil-Geo
Textheft and contains fewer and poorer black-and-white maps. The
administrative map has been made more usable by the listing of
minor civil divisions along the margin. The two ethnic maps are
reprints of maps done by Dr. Manfred Straka, Sudostdeutsches
Institut, Graz. The Stadtdurchfahrtplane, usually in booklet form,
are all on a single sheet.
A-2 is an excellent study produced jointly by Mar-Geo and
Mil-Geo-Gruppe Serbien. Coastal defense is discussed in 71 pages.
The accompanying map, Dalmatinische Kuste and Hinterland -- Kusten-
gestaltung, Durchgangigkeit, Verbindungen, Luftlandemoglichkeiten,
1:500,000 (preliminary edition, July 1943, and third edition
October 19+3), was prepared with the assistance of Mar-Geo. A
thumbnail sketch of the geography of the Dalmatian Coast is printed
on the back of the map.
Each folder of A-3 contains a number of excellent booklets that
give descriptions and show cross sections of caves in the area.
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Caves are classified into five types on the basis of their suit-
ability or availability for supply dumps and billeting units.
The base map for C-1 is the German Army topographic map
Jugoslawien, 1:100,000. A red overprint shows main roads only. A
purple overprint shows roads classified into three groups on the
basis of width, type of foundation, and bridges and crossings;
hospitals; several. types of industries; power stations; high-tension
lines; flood lands; stream data; soil types; and availability of
water. Also included are short descriptions of physical features,
communications, population, economy, and strategic targets and a list
of abbreviations. A note on the map states that the base is out
of date and that the bridge and road data are unreliable because
of the destruction. of many of the bridges and roads by sabotage.
Additional material on Yugoslavia appears in both the general
and the coastal defense studies of southeasten Europe.
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A. Textual Materials
1. Militargeographische Beschreibung von Polen (mit Einzelang-
aben zum Nachschlagen); 1:July 1939. Geheim
2. Kartenbeilagen zur Militargeographischen Beschreibung von
Polen; 1939. Geheim
Physikalische Karte von Polen, 1:1,000,000
Strassenzustand in Polen 1939, 1:1,000,000
Eisenbahnkarte von,Polen, 1:1,500,000
IndustrieUbersicht Polen, 1:1,200,000
Gemeindekarte der Republik Polen, 1:1,000,000
Ubersichtskarte Landschaftsgliederung and Bilderverzeichnis
Ubersicht der Kartenblatt-Numerierung in Polen
Ost-Oberschlesisches Industriegebiet, 1:50,000
26 city plans (see D-2)
3. Verzeichnis der Ortsnamen im ehemaligen Korridorgebiet in
Deutsch-Polnisch and Polnisch-Deutsch; Stellv. General-
kommando XX A.K. (Wehrkreiskommando XX) Abt. la/Mess;
1 July 1911; at ANS
4. Wehrkreis XXI (Reichsgau Wartheland) Militargeographische
Uberblick (with Bildheft); Stellv. Genkdo. XXI AK
(Wehrkreiskommando XXI) Abt. la/Mil-Geo; Posen, 1 July 191+1;
at AMS and GMDS
5. Der Reichsgau Danzig-Westpreussen Militargeographische
Ubersicht unter besonderer Bericksichtigung der vorher
polnischen Gebiete I and II; Wehrkreiskommando XX Mil-Geo;
1 March 191+0; 2 manuscripts; GMDS H 29/ID1.7
6. Ostpreussen and Danzig -- Einwirkung auf die Wasserfuhrung
in Flussen and Kanalen Konigsberg; Generalkommando I AK/Mil-
Geo., 9 Abt.; at GMDS
7. Der Bezirk Bialystok -- Militargeographische tlberblick;
Stellv. Generalkommando I AK (Wehrkreiskommando I) Abt
la/Mil-Geo; 28 September 1911+; typewritten manuscript with
several ozalid maps; at CIA Map Library
8. Ortsbeschreibung fur den Bezirk Bialystok; Generalkommando I
AK (Wehrkreiskommando I) Abt la/Mil-Geo; 15 June 191+2;
manuscript; at AND
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B. Translations -- None
C. Map Series
1. Mil-Geo-Karte Deutsches Reich Generalgouvernement, 1:100,000;
February 1944 to August 1944. Geheim
D. City Plans
1. In A-1, Stadtdurchfahrtplane:
Through-way plans of 73 towns
2. In A-2:
Warschau (mit Einzelangaben), 1:20,000
Verkehrsplane
Konigshutte, 1:15,000
Kattowitz, 1:15,000
Krakau, 1:15,000
Lodz, 1:20,000
Gnesen, 1:15,000
Inowroclaw (Hohensalza), 1:15,000
Kalisch, 1:15,000
Bielitz-Biala, 1:15,000
Czestochawa, 1:15,000
Bromberg, 1:20,000
Thorn, 1:15,000
Graudenz, 1:15,000
Gdingen and Zoppot, 1:15,000
Bialystok, 1:15,000
Grodno, 1:10,000
Wilna, 1:15,000
Lemberg, 1:15,000
Przemysl, 1:15,000
Tarnow, 1:15,000
Posen, 1:20,000
Wtoctawek, 1:15,000
Radom, 1:15,000
Kielce, 1:15,000
Brest, 1:20,000
Lublin, 1:15,000
E. Remarks
The study on Poland was the earliest of the World War II Mil-Geo
publications. A-1 resembles the Texthefte of later publications; A-2
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is a folder containing maps. Although introductory orientation is
lacking in A-1 and the organization of material is different from
that in later studies, the type of data presented is essentially
the same. Thirteen regional descriptions are followed by a system-
atic discussion of communications, water features, economy, popu-
lation, climate, and health conditions. There is greater emphasis
on the water features than in most of the later studies. For most
of the rivers and canals, the depth, width, rate of flow, rate of
fall, and a short description of the adjacent areas are given.
References are made to related topographic sheets. A-1 includes
directories of places and targets. Through-way town plans (D-1)
and a picture section are bound with the text. Also included are
black-and-white maps showing through roads, telephone net, airfields
and landing places, current (1939) and planned water-transportation
net, major agricultural and forest areas, administrative boundaries,
population density, and ethnic groups.
A-7 is a typewritten manuscript with several sketchy maps. No
published editions of this detailed study have been located. The
text contains 23 maps, which show population density and distribution,
ethnic types, railroads, distribution of various industries, and
water features, and a 1:300,000 sheet of the Bialystok district.
The base of C-1 is the German Army topographic map of Poland,
1:100,000. The purple overprint shows the main roads, road surface,
width, crossings, bridges, swampy forested places, new forests, river
data, areas susceptible to flooding, observation points, military
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posts, hospitals, post offices, electrical works, and several in-
dustries. Soil types and obstacles to traffic are shown and named.
The margins include texts describing the physical features, popu-
lation, health conditions, and industry, as well as a list of
strategic targets?
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A. Textual Materials
1. Militargeographische Angaben uber das Europaische Russland
Mappe A. Allgemeiner Uberblick; second edition, 31 October
19+1 (earlier edition, 10 August 19+0)
1. Textheft
2. Grosse Kartenakizzen zum Textheft (im Umschlag)
Anlage 1
- Bodenarten,
1:8,500,000
Anlage 2
- Bewachsung,
1:8,500,000
Anlage 3
- Funkstellen,
1:8,500,000
Anlage 4 - Fehlt (omitted)
Anlage 5 - Bodenorganisation der Fliegertruppe,
1:3,333,333
Anlage 6 - Industrie, 1:5,750,000
Anlage 7 - Kraftwerke, 1:8,500,000
Anlage 8 - Dichte der landlichen Bev6lkerung, no
scale
3. Ortschaftsverzeichnis
4. Bildheft
5. Gewasserverzeichnis
6. Gewasserkarte: Europaisches Russland 1:2,500,000
7. Ubersichtskarte: Europ,isches Russland 1:2,500,000
8. Wehrgeologische Ubersichtskarte des Europaischen
Russland, 1:2,500,000
9. Heft: Erlauterungen zur wehrgeologischen Uber-
10.
sichtskarte
Verkehrskarte:
I
Europaisches Russland (Eisenbahen
and Strassen)
1:2,500,000
11.
Strassenkarte:
Europe,isches Russland 1:2,500,000
12.
Karte: Fernsprech- and Telegraphennetz (tJbersicht)
der U.S.S.R. (Europaischer Teil) 1:1,300,000
Mappe B. Die Baltischen Lander (Estland, Lettland, Litauen);
March 19+1
Textheft
B ildheft
Karte: Ubersichtskarte der Baltischen Lender,
1:1,000,000
Karte: Gewasser and sonstige Gelandehindernisse,
1:1,000,000
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Strassenkarten, 1:300,000
Blatt 1, Estland Westblatt
Blatt 2,.Estland Ostblatt
Blatt 3, Lettland Westblatt
Blatt 4, Lettland Ostblatt
Blatt 5, Litauen Westblatt
Blatt 6, Litauen Ostblatt
Heft Stadtdurchfahrtplane
Teil III
Stadtplhne (see D-1)
Mappe C. Gebiet Leningrad; 10 June 1941
1. Textheft
2. Bildheft
3. Karte: Ubersicht 1:1,000,000
4. Karte: Verwaltungsgliederung and nationale
Minderheiten 1:1,000,000
5. Karte: Strasseniibersicht 1:1,000,000
6. Karte: Bevolkerungsdichte 1:1,000,000
7. Karet: Bodenarten 1:1,000,000
8. Karte: Eisenbahnen and Schiffahrtslinien
1:1,000,000 mit Sta:tionsverzeichnis auf der
Ruckseite
9. Stadtplan von Leningrad, 1:25,000 )
10. Stadtplan von Pskow (Pleskau), 1:25,000)(see also D-2)
11. Plan des Leningrader Hafens, 1:15,000 )
Mappe D. Karelien and Kola; 15 June 1941
1. Textheft
2. Bildheft
3. Karte: Ubersicht 1~2,000,000
4. Karte: Verwaltungsgliederung 1:2,000,000
5. Karte: Nationalitaten 1:2,000,000
6. Karte: Bev6lkerungsdichte 1:2,000,000
7. Karte: Vegetationazonen 1:2,000,000
8. Karte: Strassenibersicht 1:2,000,000
9. Karte: Strasseniibersicht 1:1,000,000
10. Plan: Eisenbahnen u. Schiffahrtslinien 1:2,000,000
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Mappe E.
Weissurussland; 22 April 19+1
1.
Textheft
2.
Bildheft
3.
Karte:
Weissrussland,
Ubersichtskarte 1:1,000,000
1!.
Karte:
Weissrussland,
Strassenkarte 1:1,000,000
5.
Karte:
Weissrussland,
Gel'ande- and Gewasserkarte
1:1,000,000
6.
Karte:
Weissrussland, Eisenbahnkarte 1:1,000,000
7.
Karte:
Pripet-Polessje, Operationskarte 1:500,000
8.
Heft: Stradtdurchfahrtpl'ane
9.
Stadtplane (im Umschlag) (see D-3)
Mappe F.
Ukraine; 5 September 1941, third edition
Textheft
Ortschaftsverzeichnis
Bildheft
LTbersichtskarte 1:1,500,000
Strassenkarte 1:1,500,000
Gew6sserkarte 1:1,000,000
Industriekarte 1:1,500,000
Schema der Eisenbahnen 1:1,500,000
Donez-Industriegebiet 1:500,000
Teil II (5 September 19+1)
Heft Stadtdurchfahrtpl'ane
Stadtplane (see D--)
Mappe G. Zentral-Bussland (ohne Moskau); 15 May 19+1
1. Textheft
2. Ortschaftsverzeichnis
3. Heft: Stadtdurchfahrtplane
k-. Bildheft
5. Karte: Zentral-Russland, Ubersichtskarte
1:2,500,000
6. Karte: Zentral-Russland., Strassenkarte
1:1,000,000
7. Karte: Zentral-Russland, Gel"ande- and Gewasser-
karte 1:1,000,000, Nordteil, Siidteil
8. Karte: Zentral-Russland, Schema der Eisenbahnen
and Schiffahrtslinien 1:1,500,000
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Mappe H.
Moskau; 20 June 1941
1.
2.
3.
Text- and Bildheft
Atlas
Mil-Geo-Plan Moskau I, 1:25,000 )
4.
Mil-Geo-Plan Moskau II, 1:10,000 )
(see also D-5)
5.
Moskau: Verkehrsmittel, 1:35,000 )
(No Mappe
I)
Mappe J. Kaukasien; first edition, 10 August 1941; second
edition, 17 August 1942
1. Textheft
2. Bildheft
3. Karte: Ubersichtskarte 1:1,500,000
4. Karte: Gelandekarte 1:1,500,000
5. Karte: Schema der Eisenbahnen and Schiffahts-
linien 1:1,500,000
6. Stadtplane (first edition) (see D-6)
Mappe K. Die Wolgagebiete; 10 July 1941 (supplement,
1 December 1941)
1.
Textheft
2,.
Ortschaftsverzeichnis
3 ...
Bildheft
4,,
Karte: Die Wolgagebiete:
Ubersichtskarte
1:1,500,000
5..
Karte: Die Wolgagebiete:
Strasseniibersicht
1:1,500,000
6.
Karte: Die Wolgagebiate:
Gelande- and Gewasser-
karte 1:1,500,000
7.
Karte: Die Wolgagebiete:
Schema der Eisenbahnen
and Schiffahrtslinien, 1:1,500,000
8.
Stadtplan Gorkij (see D-7)
Mappe L.
Ural-Gebiete; 30 September 1941
1.
Textheft
2.
0rtschaftsverzeichnis
3.
Bildheft
4.
Karte: Ural-Gebiete: Ubersichtskarte 1:1,750,000
5.
Karte: Ural-Gebiete: Strassenu`bersicht
1:1,750,000
6.
Karte: Ural-Gebiete: Gelaxi
de- and Gewasserkarte
.
1:1,750,000
7.
Karte: Schema der Eisenbahnen and Schiffahrtslinien
1:1,500,000
8.
Stadtplane (see D-8)
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Mappe M.
Gebiete Wologda-Archangelsk; 5 August 19+1
1.
Textheft
2.
Bildheft
3.
Stadtplan von Wologda ) (see also D-9)
4
Stadtplan von Archangelsk )
.
5.
Karte: Gebiet
karte (zuglei
e Wologda Archangelsk, Ubersichts-
ch Strasseniibersicht), 1:2,500,000
6.
Karte: Gebiet
e Wologda-Archangelsk, Gewbsser-
karte,
1:2,500,000
7.
Karte:
Gebiete Wologda-Archangelsk, Schema der
Eisenbahnen and Schiffahrtslinien, 1:1,500,000
Mappe N. Nordost Russland (Entwurf); 1 June 19+2
1. Textheft
2. Bildheft
3. Karte: Nordost-Russland, Ubersicht, 1:2,500,000
4. Karte: Nordost-Russland, Gewasserkarte,
1:2,500,000
5. Karte: Nordost-Russland, Schema der Eisenbabnen
and Schiffahrtslinien, 1:2,500,000
2. Militargeographische Angaben uber das Asiatische Russland
Mappe A. Allgemeiner Uberblick (Entwurf); 27 April 19+2
1. Tex-theft
2. Bildheft
3. Karte: Asiatisches Russland, Ubersicht,
1:10,000,000
4. Karte: Asiatisches Russland, Eisenbahnen and
Schiffahrtslinien, 1:12,500,000
5. Karte: Asiatisches Russland, Flugwesen (Gesamt-
iibersicht der Bodenorganisation), 1:10,000,000
Mappe B. Kasachstan-Turkestan (Entwurf); December 19+2
(first edition April 1942)
1.
Textheft
2.
Einzelheft:
Ubersicht Taber die Verwaltungseinheiten
3.
Einzelheft:
Gewasserbeachreibungen
4.
Einzelheft:
Ortschaftsverzeichnis
5.
Bildheft
6.
Karte: Ge19nde- and Strasseniibersicht, 1:5,000,000
7.
Karte: bersicht, 1:5,000,000
8.
Karte: Gewasserkarte, 1:5,000,000
9.
Karte: Schema der Eisenbahnen and Schiffahrtslinien
mit Angabe der Stationien, 1:2,500,000
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3. Die Hochgebirgspasse im Kaukasus; 10 January 1943 (first
edition, 18 July 1942)
1. Heft: Das Hochgebirge des Kaukasus; Literaturnachweis;
Alphabetisches Namensverzeichnis
2. Heft: Beschreibungen der Ubergange fiber die Hochge-
birgspasse im West-Kaukasus
3. Heft : Beschreibungen von Ubergange iulber Hochgebirgs -
passe im Zentral-Kaukasus (in first edition only)
4. Heft: Beschreibungen von Ubergangen and Hochgebirgs-
passen im Ost-Kaukasus (in first edition only)
5. Heft: Umgehungswege im Gebiet des Nenskra-Tales
(Ober-Swax.etien)
6. Heft: Alphabetisches Namenverzeichnis zu den Heften 2-4
4. Militargeographische Angaben uber das Stromgebiet der Duna
and der benachbarten Kistenflu`sse (by Mil-Geo-Gruppe
Ostland); 1943. Geheim
10 Kartenbl'atter, 1:300,000 (see CIA 10708, First Revision
5. Militargeographische Angaben fiber das Stromgebiet der Memel
and der benachbarten Kflstenflizsse (by Mil-Geo-Gruppe Ost-
land); 1943. Geheim
10 Kartenblatter, 1:300,000 (see CIA 10708, First Revision)
6. Militargeographische Beschreibung von Litauen and dem Memel-
gebiet; 15 February 1939. Geheim
Mil-Geo-Beschreibung Kampfraum Staraja Russia; by X A.K.
la/Mess; December 1943.
1. Textheft
2. Hohen.schichtkarte, 1:200,000
3. Baustoffkarte, 1:200,000.
4. Uberschwemmungskarte, 1:200,000
5. Schematische Darstellung der Fluss- and Talprofile
entnommen aus Bruckenbauplanen
6. Waldkaxte, 1:200,000
7. Strassenkarte, 1:200,000
8. Verwa,ltungsgrenzen u. Dorfzerstorungsizbersicht, 1:200,000
8. Mil-Geo-Studie Kuban-Gebiet; 5 August 1942; typewritten
manuscript; (at CIA Map Library)
1. Textteil
2. Bildteil
3. Objecktverzeichnis
4. Karte: [target map; shows bridges, three classes of
roads, and railroads on four sheets of Osteuropa, 1:300,000
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Aufstellung des Ortsnamenverzeichnis von Litauen; by Mil-
Geo-Gruppe Kauen; 15 May 1914-; manuscript; at CIA Map
Library
10. EOK files, GMDS H 29 ID 2.57, -58, -59, -60, -61, -62, -63
B. Translations
1. Translations (mostly "extract translations") published by
Foreign Documents Division (FDD), CIA
Area
FDD. No.
Date (1948)
European Russia.
A
134-
7 April
B
136
9 April
C
11+0
11+ April
D
119
15 March
E
138
12 April
F
137
12 April
G
126
19 March
H
135
9 April
IT
11+1
15 April
K
139
13 April
L
122
17 March
M
128
23 March
N
129
21+ March
A
130
25 March
B
127
22 March
a.
Parts of A-2, Mappe A, Textheft,
Summary No. 3/1+9
incorported in FDD
b.
A-2, Mappe B,3, translated by FDD as Translation
No. 45/1+9
c.
51-page translation of Asiatic Russia made by Service
Branch, ID, for Topographic Detachment, ID, 23 Sept.
191+8, as E-851+2
d.
A-1, Mappe J. 1st edition, translated at AMS (179 pages)
DK27G37, Mappe J, part 3 English translation
e.
A-l, Mappe J. let edition, Erganzungsheft: Strassen
and Pgssen tin Kaukasus-Gebirge, translated by Engineer
Strategic Intelligence Division, ANS, as EIF 71215,
71216, October 1947
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C. Map Series
1. M,il-Geo-Karte Osteuropa, 1:300,000; March 1942 to June 1944
2. Durchgang3.gkeit des Kaukasus, 1:500,000; May 1942 to August
1942
3. Militaxgeographische Angaben izber des Stromgebiet der Duna
and der benachbarlen Ktistenfliisse, 1:300,000, 10 sheets,
1943 (A-3)
4. Militargeographische Angaben fiber des Stromgebiet der Memel
un.d der benachbarten Kiistenfliisse, 1:300,000, 10 sheets,
1943 (A-4)
5. Durchgangigkeit des Pripetgebietes, 1:300,000, 6 sheets
' (actually a part of C-1 with a separate title)
D. City Plans
1. In A-1, Mappe B, Teil III:
Dorpate(Tartu), 1:7,500 Narwa, 1:10,000
Dunaburg (Daugavplls), 1:15,000 Pernau (Perna.), 1:15,000
Kovno (Kaunas), 1:15,000 Reval (Tallinn), 1:12,000
Libau (Liepaja), 1:10,000 Riga, 1:25,000
Mitau (Jelgava), 1:10,000 Wilna (Vilnius), 1:15,000
2. In A-1, Mappe C (9, 10, and 11):
Leningrad, 1:25,000
Pskov (Pleskau), 1:25,000
Leningrader Ha 'ens, 1:15,000
3. In A-l, Mappe E (9):
Bialystok, 1:7,500 Grodno, 1:10,000
Bobruisk, 1:25,000 Minsk, 1:15,000
Borissow, 1:10,000 Witebsk, 1:7,500
4. In A-1, Mappe F, Teil II:
Mil--Geo--Plan Charkow, 1:15,000
Mil-Geo--Plan Chersson, 1:15,000
Stadtplan Czernowitz, 1:12,500
Mil-Geo?-Planskizze Dnjepropetrowsk, 1:15,000
Bildplanskizze Dnjepropetrowsk, 1:15,000
Bildplanskizze Feodossija, 1:10,000
Bildplanskizze Kertsch, 1:15,000
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Mil-Geo-Plan Kiew,}1:25,000
Stadtplan Kischinew, 1:10,000
Bildplanskizze Kriowj Rog, 1:25,000
Stadtplan Lemberg, 1:15,000
Bildplanskizze Melltopol, 1:10,000
Bildplanskizze Nikolajew, 1:15,000
Mil-Geo-Plan Odessa, 1:15,000
Bildplanskizze Saporoshje, 1:25,000
Bildplanskizze Ssewastopol, 1:10,000
Bildplanskizze Ssimferopol, 1:10,000
Stadtplan Stanislau, 1:10,000
5. In A-1, Mappe H (3, 4, and 5):
Mil-Geo-Plan Moskau I, 1:25,000
Mil-Geo-Plan Moskau II, 1:10,000
Moskau: Verkehrsmittel, 1:35,000
6. In A-1, Mappe J (6):
Batum, Bildskizze mit Mil-Geo-Objekten, 1:10,000
Erewawan, Stadtplanskizze mit Mil-Geo-Objekten, ca. 1:12,000
Noworossijsk Bildplanskizze mit Mil-Geo-Objekten, 1:15,000
R
ostow a. Don, Mil-Geo-Objekten, 1:15,000
Tagenrog, Mil-Geo-Plan, 1:5,000
Tbilissi (Tiflis), Mil-Geo-Plan, 1:7,500
7. In A-l, Mappe K (8):
Stadtplan Gorkij -- new town plan, dated. 1
in supplement to Mappe K; no scale given
8. In A-l, Mappe L (8):
Kirow, 1:12,500
Magnitogorsk, 1:22,000
Sswerdlowsk, 1:33,000
Tscheljabinsk, 1:50,000
9. In A-l, Mappe M (3 and 4):
Archangelsk
Wologda
10. On back of sheets of C-l:
Armawir Jefremoff
Astrachan Jelez
Cetetea Alba (Adderman) Kasan
(see Rumania) Kolomna
134
December 1941,
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Gorkij Kostroma
Ismail (see Rumania) Krassnodar
Iwanowo Kronstadt
Jarosslawl Kuibyschew
Lipezk Tighina (Bendery)
(see Rumania)
Nowoross:L jsk Tula
R jasan. Wladimir
Rostov a. Don Wologda
Rybinsk Woroschilowgrad
Ssaratow Woroschilovsk
Stalingrad
11.
Alphabetical list of city plans:
("S" indicates a separate plan not included in
or on the map series)
the Mappen
Archangelsk D- 9 Kasan
D-10
Armawir D-10 Kauen
S
Astrachan D-10 Kem
S
Batum D- 6 Kertsch
D- 4
Bialystok D- 3 Kiev
D- 4
Bobruisk D- 3 Kirov
D- 8
Borissow D- 3 Kirovabad
S
Cetetea .Alba D-10 Kischinew
D- 4
Charkow D- 4 Kolomna
D-10
Chersson D-4 Kostroma
D-10
Czernowitz D- 4 Kovno
D- 1
Dnjepropetrowsk D- 4 Krassnodar
D-10
Dorpat D- 1 Kriowj Rog
D- 4
Diznaburg D- 1 Kronstadt
D-10
Elista S Kuibyschew
Engels S Kutais
D-10,
S
S
Erewanan. D- 6 Kusnezk
S
Feodossija D- 4 Lemberg
D-4
Gorkij D- 7, Leninakan
S
D-10 Leningrad
Grjasi S Lenkoran
D- 2
S
Grodno D- 3 Libau
D- 1
Grosnyj S Lipezk
D-10
Ismail D-10 Liwny
S
Iwanowo D-10, S Ljaki
S
Jarosslawl D-10 Machatsch-Kala
S
Jefremoff D-10 Magnitogorsk
Jeisk S Maikop
D- 8
S
Jelez D-10 Melitopol
D- 4
Jerewan (see Erewawan) Minsk
D- 3
Kandalakscha S Mitau
D- 1
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Morschansk
Moskau
S
D- 5
Ssaransk
Ssaratow
S
D-10
Murmansk
S
Ssewastopol
D- 4,
S
Narwa
D- 1,
S Ssimferopol
D- 4
Nikolajew
D- 4,
S Sswerdlowsk
D- 8
Noworossijsk
D- 6,
Ssysran
S
D
10
St
-
alingrad
D-10
Odessa
D- 4
Stanislau
D- 4
Pensa
.D-10
Taganrog
D- 6,
S
Pernau
D- 1
Tambow
S
Petrowsk
S
Tiflis
D- 6
Pinsk
S
Tighina
D-10
Podolsk
S
Tscheljabinsk
D- 8
Poti
Pskov
S
D- 2
Tuapsse
Tula
S
D-10
Reval
D- 1
Uljanowak
S
Riga
D- 1
Wilna
D- 1
Rjasan
S-10
Witebsk
D- 3
Rostow a.
Don
D- 6,
Wladimir
D-10
D-10
Wologda
D- 9,
D-10
Rybinsk
D-10
Woronesh
S
Saporoshje
D- 4
Woroschilowgrad
D-10
Ssalsk
S
Woroschilowsk
G- 1
E. Remarks
Although there are a large number of Mil-Geo studies on the
USSR, their quality varies widely, and the information must be care-
fully scrutinized before being accepted as reliable.
The greatest variation in quality occurs on the maps. The maps
included in the text volumes are of more consistently high quality
than the map series, but they are all much smaller in scale. Many
of the maps showing the distribution of industry, power plants,
natural resources, landforms, railroads, and telecommunications are
based on the Great Soviet Atlas of the World.
The Gewasserkarten contain data on water features, such as depth
and width of rivers, extent of flood plains, valleys with dams, the
type and location of bridges over important rivers, and the opening
and closing dates of navigation in relation to ice conditions.
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Most of the maps of railroad show gauge, stations, and dis-
tances between main stops.
A-1, Mappe C. item 4, is a type of map not commonly found in
the Mil-Geo studies. It locates national minority groups but gives
no indication as to their size. A-1, Mappe D, item 5, a somewhat
similar map, shows the areal but not the numerical distribution of
six nationalities, one of which is Russian. All are based on pre-
war censuses.
A-1, Mappe E, item 7, is a detailed operations map that shows
the distribution of nine types of land surface and gives descriptions
of the land forms, vegetation, terrain trafficability, obstacles to
military movement, and availability of fresh water.
Two versions of Mappe G (A-1) were published on the same date.
One is marked Entwurf and contains only the first three items. Why
two versions were published at the same time is not known.
The Textheft of Mappe H (A-1) deals at some length with the
location and identification of hospitals, industrial establishments,
bridges, and other features in Moscow. Item 2 of Mappe H is a large-
scale atlas of Moscow, but the information presented is now obsolete.
The atlas contains 25 maps that show the distribution of industry,
bridges, hospitals, telecommunications, etc.
The two editions of Mappe J (A-1) differ greatly. For the
second edition, all. of the maps were brought up to date; the Text-
heft was revised; and the city plans were omitted.
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A-2, Mappe A, item 1, follows the same organization as the
Textheft of A-1, Mappe A, but because of the larger size of Asiatic
Russia and the smaller amount of material available, the Textheft
of A-2 is less detailed, Mappe B, item 2, is a translation of an
undated official Soviet handbook on_the territorial-administrative
organization of Asiatic USSR. It gives the complete administrative
breakdown, with figures on area, population, etc., but is not reliable
in view of the numerous changes made in the Soviet system.
Two additional handbooks were planned for Asiatic Russia. Mappe
C was to cover west Siberia, Mappe D east Siberia. No copies of
either are known to have been printed, and no manuscripts have been
discovered.
Many of the 19+1 and 19+2 city plans are poor. Later, with the
availability of aerial photography, revisions of some plans were
made by field units and published as separates rather than in the
handbooks. The best maps are those that were made for the air force
and ground troops just before their advance over the area mapped.
A-3 is a specialized study of the Caucasus Mountains. The
geography, climate, population distribution, and other general fea-
tures are discussed in one volume, and three other volumes cover
passes through the mountains in the west, central, and east Caucasus,
respectively.
A-1+ is a series of 10 maps on the drainage basin of the Duna
River (Daugava) with marginal dedcriptions of the river, the bridges,
and strategic military features along the river. A-5 is a similar
study of the Memel River.
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A-6 is one of the earliest,Mil-Geo studies. The organization
is slightly different from that of the later studies, and the
material is much less detailed. A large proportion of the one-
volume study consists of a list of places, some with as few as four
inhabitants. A small photograph section is included. The two maps
are in a pocket in the back cover of the handbook. The general map
is different in appearance from later Mil-Geo maps. The legend is
very long, there are eight insets with information similar to that
later put in Stadtdurchfahrtpl'ane, hachVes are used instead of
contours, and some of the colors on the map are difficult to cor-
relate with those in the legend.
A-7 is. a microgeographical study with a text, accompanied by
maps, that gives much finer detail than most of the studies.
A-8-is a small unpublished manuscript. The usual Mil-Geo
organization is followed but in less detail. The Bildteil contains
only 12 pictures with annotations. The Objektverzeichnis lists
bridges and dazes with approximate dimensions and is keyed to the
accompanying map. Railroads, railroads under construction, and three
categories of roads are hand-drawn on the map.
The base of C-1 is the regular Osteuropa topographic series. A
purple overprint indicates strategic targets such as industrial
developments, military installations, airports, power stations, mines,
bridges, and communication centers; the width and depth of the main
rivers at a number of places; the width, surface, strength of road-
bed, and type of traffic the roads can carry; and the number of rail-
road tracks.
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The features are keyed to a target list on the margin of the
sheet. Also in the margins is a textual description of the
administrative organization, physical features, roads, popu-
lation, settlements, and economy.
The base of C-2 is the Deutsche Weltkarte.(DKW) at 1:500,000.
The routes are shown in red, with numbers keyed to a descriptive
text. Curves, tunnels, passes, surface types, and road widths
are shown in purple, with strategic targets keyed by purple
numbers to-an annotated list. An orientation map at 1:1,000,000
on the back of the sheet serves as an index to the series and
also shows the main routes and strategic targets, though in a
more general manner than the main map. This series gives the
most detailed analysis of transportation routes and facilities
in the Caucasus and is considered to be useful still.
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A. Textual Materials
1. Militargeographische Ubersicht fiber den Vorderen Orient;
31 March 1941
Textheft (19 April 1941)
Bildheft
Vorderer Orient, 1:4,000,000
Verkebreiibersicht, 1:4,000,000
bbersicht \zber Flugplatze, 1:3,000,000
Bergbau, 1:3,000,000
Industrie, 1:300,000
2,, Ortsnamen im Vorderen Orient (Vorlaufige Ausgabe);
31 May 1941
3. Mil-Geo-Studie izber Syrien, Irak, Nordarabien: Gelande-
f ormen, Verbindungen, Versorgiangsmoglichkeiten;
31 January 1941; (typewritten manuscript)
4. Militargeographische Angaben fiber Arabien; Entwurf;
(manuscript)
B. Translations -- None
C. Map Series
1. Mil-Geo-Karte Vorderer Orient, 1:500,000; September 1941
to April 1943
2. Durchgangigkeit des Kaukasus
3. Mil-Geo-Karte LKaukasusgebiet7 fosteurop
4. Mil-Geo-Karte Vorderer Orient
5. Strassenkarte Vorderer Orient, 1:1,000,000; 20 August 1942
D. City Plans -- None
E. Remarks
The general study on the Middle East (A-1) includes Turkey,
Iraq, Iran., Palestine, Jordan, Sinai Peninsula, Kuwait, the northern
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part of Saudi Arabia, Syria and Lebanon, Bahrein, and Qatar. Part
of Egypt is included on most of the maps. In the 170-page Textheft,
a fairly comprehensive survey is given of physical geography, popu-
lation and settlement; economy and transportation, and the military
significance of each. In the first part of the Textheft the treat-
ment,is on a functional basis. Part B provides data that supple-
ment those in Part A. The Textheft includes 11 black-and-white
maps on a variety of subjects and 12 sectional maps on transportation
in the transportation section.
The arrangement of the pictures in the Bildheft follows the
order in which the subjects are discussed in the Textheft.
The large-sized general map of the Middle East in A-1 is
based on the GSGS 1:4,000,000 series on Eurasia, although no credit
line is given. The other four maps in A-1 are highly generalized.
The maps of minerals and industries show data obtained from OKW,
WiRu Amt, Wi. Data on the airfield map were obtained from the
Luftwaffe, Genet. 5. Abt. The transportation map shows roads and
railroads in relation to terrain trafficability types.
A-2 is a 39-page gazetteer keyed to place names on well-known
maps at various scales from 1:4,000,000 to 1:50,000. Arrangement of
names is alphabetical by country.
A-3 is a 73-page typewritten study that was never published.
Most of the material is included in the later and more comprehen-
sive study on the Middle East (A-1). Three of the four maps in
the folder of A-3 are also included in A-l. The fourth is a general
map of the "middle Near East" at 1:2,500,000.
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A-4 was issued in manuscript form and is not known to be avail-
able in the United States. The study includes Saudi Arabia, Yemen,
and Aden.
C-l. shows, by purple overprint on the Deutsche Weltkarte at
1:500,000, strategic targets and road data (width, surface, road-
bed, passes, curves, tunnels, and narrow passages). Data are
keyed to an Ob ektverzeichnis in the margin. Other items shown
are seasonally flooded areas and steep hills or escarpments. A
complete legend for the series is given on each sheet. A text in
the margin gives a, description of physical features, population
and settlement, economy, roads, and health situation. Insets in
the marginal texts illustrate these topics. On the back of some
sheets are city plans on which streets and important buildings are
identified.
The area along the boundaries between the USSR and Turkey
and between the USSR and Iran is shown on three map.series, C-2, C-3,
and C-1+. C-2 and C-3 show Mil-Geo data for the area within the
USSR, and C-l+.f or the area not in the USSR. The Mil-Geo-Karte
/Kaukasusgebiete70steuro a duplicates coverage of some of the
area included in Durchgangigkeit des Kaukasus, but the data given
are not identical.
C-5 is an 8-sheet transportation map emphasizing roads. It
was prepared under the direction of Mil-Geo by A.O.K.12. A.Pi.Fu. U.
Sonderstab "F." The series is not plotted on the index map, CIA
10708, First Revision. The data are now out of date, since most
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of the roads now classified as good were improved after the map was
published, in the course of transporting supplies to Russia during
World War II. The standards used in classifying the roads are not
known, but apparently they were not strict. Although most of the
railroad information given is correct, there are some notable inac-
curacies. Sheet 8, for example, shows a narrow-gauge line from
Bushire to Borazjan that does not exist. The railway from Qum to
Kashan, shown on sheet 6 as completed in 1942, was not actually
completed until 1949. The pipeline information is fairly accurate
but not up to date.
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Afghanistan and Western Pakistan
A. Textual Materials
1. Militargeographische Angaben fiber Afghanistan, Baluchistan
and die Britisch-Indische NW-Grenzprovinz; Entwurf;
25 August 19+2
Textheft Afghanistan
Textheft Baluchistan
Textheft Britisch-Indische Nordwest-Grenzprovinz
Bildheft, Militargeographische Angaben uber Afghanistan,
die Britisch-Indische NW-Grenzprovinz and Baluchistan
Ubersichtskarte, 1:2,000,000
Verkehrsubersicht, 1:3,000,000
B. Translations
1. Textheft Afghanistan: translated by Division of Language
Services, Department of State; copy in CIA Map Library
C. Map Series -- None
D. City Plans -- None
E. Remarks
A-1 includes three separate booklets: Afghanistan, 109 pages;
Baluchistan, 30 pages; and British India, Northwest Frontier
Province, 60 pages. The last two areas now form the major part of
western Pakistan. The handbook provides a general but useful
survey of Afghanistan and western Pakistan, the value of which is
enhanced by the scarcity of other basic studies of the area.
All three Texthefte have the same functional organization. Part
A of each discusses location and administration, physical geograph.,r,
population and settlement, economy, transportation, and military
interpretation. Textheft Britisch-Indische and Textheft Afghanistan
each contain a Part B, which describes the area by regions. Textheft
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Afghanistan also contains a Part C (Einzelangaben), which gives an
inventory of administrative divisions (in detail), water features,
town descriptions, hospitals, money and weights, and road routes.
Textheft Baluchistan has no Part B or C.
Each Te heft contains 6 to 10 black-and-white maps, one
showing ethnic elements and the others summer and winter pre-
cipitation. Textheft Britisch-Indische also contains maps showing
the administrative divisions and terrain regions. Textheft
Afghanistan includes maps of administrative divisions, land use,
terrain regions, and main roads.
The Bildheft covers all three areas and contains 156 photo-
graphs.
The Ubersichtskarte is a full-color topographic sheet based
on the GSGS Southern Asia series at 1:2,000,000. The Verkehrsiiber-
sicht, also in color, shows transportation, with rail gauges indi-
cated and roads and routes classified according to passability.
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Iran
A. Textual Materials
1. Militargeographische Angaben u'ber Iran; Entwurf;
31 January 19+3 (earlier edition, Vorlaufiger Teilabdruck,
25 September 1942)
Textheft
Ortschaftsverzeichnis
Bildheft (10 February 1943)
Ubersichtskarte von Iran, 1:2,000,000 (fourth edition,
December 19+2)
Verkehrsu'bersicht, 1:3,000,000
Industrie and Bergbau, 1:3,000,000
Flug- and Landeplatze, 1:4,000,000
Telegraphen- and Telephonnetz, Sendeanlagen, 1:3,000,000
2. EOK file, GMDS H 29/11 A6.3 through A6.5
B. Translations
Parts of Textheft translated:
1. Pages 14-30, Physical features, CIA-00-W-6)+71/x+9
2. Pages 84-92, Elburz Mountains, CIA-0O-W-2540/)+9
3. Pages 165-172, 74-79, 191, Waterways, CIA-00-W-78/)+9
C. Map Series
1. Mil-Geo-Karte Vorderer Orient, 1:500,000 (see Middle East)
D. City Plans.
1. On back of sheets of C-l:
Astara Kermanshah
Babul Naushahr
Babulsar Pahlevi
Bandar Shah Shahi
Bebshahr Tabriz
Firuzkuh Teheran
Julf a
E. Remarks
The 1943 edition of the handbook is one of the best basic
studies of Iran currently available. The preliminary edition
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contains only part of the text.material and only a few of the maps
included in the later edition. Although Iran is covered comprehen-
sively in other German and English studies, the Mil-Geo material is
particularly useful because of the number, variety, and quality of
the maps.
The Textheft (293 pages) is divided into three parts: All-
gemeine Ubersicht (with chapters on functional aspects), Einzelland-
schaften, and Einzelangaben. 'Thirteen black-and-white maps are
included. Subjects treated are administrative divisions (before
and after 1938), land forms and terrain regions, winter and summer
climate, water and water supply, vegetation, population density,
distribution of ethnic groups, crop-production areas, and roads and
railroads.
Over 100 towns are described briefly in the Ortschaftsverzeichnis.
The 212 photographs in the Bildheft are grouped by region and
by subject within each region.
The map of Iran, based on IMW sheets, is an excellent general
map as of its date, December 1942. It has detailed legends for
terrain and transportation. Major terrain features are emphasized
by plastic shading.
The general transportation map is a clear presentation of the
road and rail networks of Iran by classes. Some terrain data are
also shown.
The map on industry and mining is one of the best available
economic maps of Iran. Nine types of the mineral exploitation
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and 56 kinds of industrial activity are identified and located by
symbols, and major, secondary, and minor installations are dis-
tinguished. Some transportation features are given.
The schematic telecommunications map, although out of date, is
still one of the best available.
Translations 13-3 and B-4 incorporate information from other
sources.
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Iraq
A. Textual Materials
1. Militargeographische Angaben u'ber den Irak; Entwurf;
second edition, 1 August 1943 (GMDS 1129/II A5.1);
first edition, 15 October 1941, with supplement dated
15 April 1942
Textheft
Bildheft
Vorderer Orient, 1:4,000,000 (in first edition only)
Irak, 1:1,000,000
?Ubersicht ilber Flugplatze in Syrien, Irak, Palastina,
Transjordanien, 1:3,000,000 (third edition, 1 July 1943)
Syrien-Irak-Palastina-Trans,jordanien; Verkehrsiibersicht,
1:2,500,000 (second edition, June 1943)
Syrien, Irak, Palastina, Tran6jordanien: Industrie -
Olgewinnung, 1:3,000,000 (in first edition only)
City plans (see D-1)
1. Parts of Textheft dealing with physical features, CIA-
O0-W-5646/49
2. Parts of Textheft dealing with roads, FDD Summary No. 33,
25 September 1950
C. Map Series
1. Mil-Geo-Karte Vorderer Orient, 1:500,000 (see Middle East)
D. City Plans
1. In A-l:
Baghdad, 1:15,000
Basra (Umgebungskarte), 1:25,000
Basra-Maqil (Hafenplan), 1:10,000
Haditha
Kirkuk
Mosul
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E. Remarks
The first and second editions of the handbook, A-l, differ very
little. In the latter, three pages of text and one black-and-white
map were added, two colored maps were omitted, and two were revised.
The Textheft of 137 pages has three parts: Allgemeine Nersicht,
Beschreibung der Einzelland.schaften, and Einzelangaben. In the last
part, major emphasis is given to transportation. The more important
maps show administrative division, climate, terrain and terrain
regions, vegetation, new irrigation districts of lower Mesopotamia,
population densities, communications, crop areas, several separate
irrigation districts, transportation, and harbors and land routes
in the Persian Gulf area, the last In color.
The Bildheft contains 80 photographs in 4 sections: landscape
areas, transportation, settlement, and economy and water supply.
The detailed map of Iraq at 1:1,000,000 was based on IMW
sheets and printed in IMW style. Transportation features were
corrected to January 1942.
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Israel, Arab Palestine, and Jordan
A. Textual Materials
1. Militargeographische Angaben uber Palastina and Trans-
jordanien; 15 October 1941
Textheft
B ildheft
Vorderer Orient, 1:4,0oO,000
Syrien, Irak, Palastina, Transjordanien; Industrie -
olgewinnung, 1:3,000,000
Ubersicht uber Flugpl"atze in Syrian, Irak, Palastina,
Transjordanien, 1:3,000,000
Palastina-Transjordanien, 1:1,000,000
Strassenkarte von Palastina, 1:500,000
Wehrgeologische Ubersichtskarte von Palastina, 1:300,000
Cit
l
y p
ans (see D-1)
B. Translations -- None
C. Map Series
1. Mil-Geo-Karte Vorderer Orient, 1:500,000 (see Middle East,
C-1 and E)
2. Mil-Geo Wehrgeologische Karte der Wasserversorgung von
Mittelpalastina, 1:100,000 (11 sheets)
D. City Plans
Gaza, 1:10,000 Jerusalem, 1:10,000
Haifa, 1:15,000 Lydda and Er Ramle, 1:10,000
Jaffa and Tel Aviv, 1:10,000
E. Remarks
The handbook on Israel, Arab Palestine, and Jordan is very
similar in organization to that on Syria and Lebanon. The Textheft
(93 pages) is divided into three parts: functional aspects of the
region, terrain regions, and Einzelangaben. A brief index and 12
black-and-white maps are included. The most important maps deal
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with the following subjects: administrative divisions, precipitation,
population density, land use and Jewish colonization, agricultural
production areas, Rutenberg hydroelectric installation, surface
features and terrain regions, radio stations, wells in the southern
desert area of Palestine, and main routes.
The 78 photographs in the Bildheft are keyed to the text.
The first two maps cited under A-1 are the same as those in
the handbook for Syria and Lebanon. The airfield map is a later
and revised edition of that in the handbook. The general map of
Israel, Arab Palestine, and Jordan is a very clear composite of
parts of three IMW sheets. The road map is merely a copy of a
1937 British map of Palestine. The military geology map covers
Palestine north of a line through Gaza and Hebron and shows 10
categories of terrain. The map is in color and uses a British
base. Terrain types and their military uses are described in an
elaborate table.
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Syria and Lebanon
1. Militargeographische Angaben u'ber Syrien; 15 October 1941
Textheft
Bildheft
Vordered Orient, 1:4,000,000
Syrien, Irak, Palastina. Transjordanien: Industrie -
Olgewinnung, 1:3,000,000
Ubersicht Taber Flugplatze in Syrien, Irak, Palastina,
Transjordanien, Nordarabien, 1:3,000,000
Syrien, 1:1,000,000
City plans (see D-1)
2. EOK file, GMDS H 29/11 A4.3
B. Translations
1. Parts of the Textheft translated as CIA-OO-W-5205/49
C.
D.
Map Series
See Middle East, C-1
City Plans
1.
In A-1:
Aleppo, 1:10,000
Horns, 1:5,000
Beirut, 1:10,000
Latakia, 1:5,000
Damaekus, 1:10,000
Palmyra (Tadmor), 1:10,000
Deraa, 1:5,000
Saida, 1:5,000
Hama, 1:25,000
Tripoli - El Mina, 1:10,000
E. Remarks
The handbook, A-1, covers the former French mandate area of
Syria and Lebanon. The Textheft of 115 pages is divided into three
parts: (1) functional aspects of the area as a whole; (2) regional
descriptions, including a section on coasts and harbors; and (3)
Einzelangaben, which emphasizes water features and roads and also
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contains a short section on towns. The more important of the 11
maps included deal 'with administrative divisions, rainfall and
temperature, surface features and terrain regions, vegetation,
population density, nationalities, radio stations, crop areas,
and roads. A short index is included.
The Bildheft contains 87 photographs arranged in the following
groups: landscapes, transport, settlement, and economy and water
supply.
Of?the four maps in A-l, three are similar to maps in the
handbook for the Middle East. The 1:4,000,000 map in A-1, however,
is probably a reproduction of a Bartholomew map on the Middle East,
whereas the corresponding map in the handbook for the Middle East
is probably a reproduction of part of a GSGS series. The map in
the handbook for Syria and Lebanon is superior in every respect
to that in the handbook for the Middle East and also to the two
British originals. The map on industry is a later edition than
that in the handbook for the Middle East, covering a smaller area
but locating more industrial plants. Except that it also covers
a smaller area, the airfield map in A-1 is almost identical with
that in the handbook for the Middle East. Both maps of Syria were
reprinted from an IGN map dated February 1941, with a German
legend added.
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Turkey
A. Textual Materials
1. Militargeographische Angaben fiber die Turkei; 10 August
1941
Textheft
Bildheft
Ortschaftsverzeichnis
Turkei, 1:2,000,000
Operationskarte der Turkei, 1:2,000,000
Bevolkerungskarte, 1,:4,000,000
Industrie and Bergbau, 1:2,000,000
Fernsprech- and Telegraphenkarte sowie Funkstellen,
1:2,000,000
Ubersicht fiber Flugpl'atze, 1:3,000,000
City plans (see D-1)
2. Militargeographische Angaben tber die Europ'Aische
Turkei einschliesslich der Meerengen; 20 December 1940
Textheft
Ubersichtskarte der Europaischen Turkei einschliesslich
der Meerengen mit Hervorhebung des Hauptstrassennetzes,
1:500,000
Bosporus. Ubersichtskarte 1:100,000 mit militargeo-
graphischen Eintragungen
Izmit and Umgebung. TJbersichtskarte 1:100,000 mit
militargeographischen Eintragungen
Militargeographischer Plan von Istanbul, 1:15,000
3. Turkei: Ubersicht uber Strassen and Eisenbahnen;
31 January 1941.. Geheim
Textheft mit Bildanhang
Heft Stadtdurchfahrtplane (February 1942) (see D-3)
Ubersichtskarte der Strassen and Eisenbahnen,
1:1,000,000 (2 sheets)
4. EOK'file, GMDS H 29/II A1.5 through Al-7
B. Translations
1. Parts of Textheft, A-l, dealing with physical features,
CIA-oo-w-6224/49
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2. All handbooke on 'T'urkey have'been translated by
Engineer Strategic Intelligence Division, AMS (555 pp.).
Call No. DR428G37 Eno'l,iah Translation
C. Map Series
See Middle East, C-.1
D. City Plans
1. In A-l:
Ankara, 1:15,000 Izmir (environs), 1:40,000
Buraa, 1:10,000 Izmit, 1:8,000
Istanbul, 1:15,000
(also in A-2)
Istanbul, 1:15,000
Izmit and environs, 1:100,000
3. In A-3, Stadtdurchfahrtplane:
Through-way plans of 37 towns
4. On back of diddle East map series, C-l:
Many plans of Turkish cities
E. Remarks
The first Nil-Gee publication on Turkey appeared in
December 19+0 as a study of European Turkey (A-2). A special
study on roads and railroads of Turkey (A-3) followed in January
1941. In March 19+1 a section on Turkey appeared as a part of
the general handbook on the Near East. The regular Mil-Geo
handbook on Turkey (A-1) was published in August 1941, following
an incomplete preliminary edition.
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The Textheft of A-1 is divided into four parts:
general re-
view, regional description, coasts and harbors, and Einzelangaben.
The inclusion of a separate section on coasts and harbors reflects
the importance of the coasts of Turkey. Because of the separate
study on transportation (A-3), little attention was given to that
subject in A-1. The Textheft contains 10 monochrome maps,
several of which have red overprints. The more important maps
show administrative divisions, climate, percentage of the popula-
tion with malaria for selected places, minority groups, forest
areas, agricultural land use, and terrain regions. An unusual
feature of the Einzelangaben section of the Textheft is a 10-page
detailed list of power plants.
The Ortschaftsverzeichnis gives information on over 100
cities and towns. The 243 photographs (some panoramic) in the
Bildheft are grouped by terrain regions and, within each region,
by subject. The general map of Turkey at 1:2,000,000 is based
on a Turkish map published in Vienna in 19+1; a gazetteer is
printed on the back. The Operationskarte is a trafficability
map with some industrial and transportation data added. The
population map shows seven categories of population density
and six of cities.
The industry and mining map locates 53 types of manu-
facturing and gives the number of plants of each type by
cities. Mines are located, and in some cases production figures
are given.
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In the Textheft of A-2 a brief description of the area is
followed by individual descriptions of eight regions. A-2 has
no Einzelangaben section. Photographs are assembled in a
separate section of the Textheft. Four black-and-white maps
show distances between points, terrain regions, communications,
and airfields. Of the separate maps in the handbook, only the
general map is worth mentioning. It is enlarged from a
Turkish sheet at 1:800,000 and shows the straits area and all
of European Turkey in conventional topographic style, with
roads overprinted in red.
The Textheft of A-3 gives brief summaries of terrain and
climate and of roads and railroads. Most of the 67 pages of
text are devoted to a description of individual railroad lines
and roads. For, this purpose, the country is divided into seven
transportation areas (shown on a map). A short section describes
the connections between the Caucasus area and northern Iraq, and
38 photographs illustrate transport features. Two maps in the
back show mountainous areas and roads. Red is used to emphasize
connections from southeastern Europe to Syria and the Iraq
oil area on one map, and between the USSR and the Iraq oil
fields on the other.
Detailed road and railroad information is presented in
color on two maps included as separate sheets in the folder.
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Mil-Geo devoted considerable attention to Turkey and pub-
lished a comprehensive survey of its military-geographical aspects.
Although postwar intelligence studies on Turkey have rendered
much of the work obsolete, the Mil-Geo texts still serve as an
introduction to the geography of the area, and a few of the maps
are still of use.
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A. Textual Material
1. EOK file, GMDS H 29/111 B1.2; H 29/111 A.2
B. Translations -- None
C. Map Series
1. Mil-Geo-Karte Afrika , 1:500,000; January-March 19+3
D. City Plans
1. On back of sheets of C-1
E. Remarks
There is no M11-Geo handbook dealing with Africa as a
whole. The handbook on northeastern Africa is considered along
with that for Egypt in the section on Egypt and northeastern
Africa.
The 1:500,000 map of Africa (C-1) is described here as a
unit rather than under each of the numerous countries of North
Africa that it covers. The base is the Deutsche Weltkarte,
1:500,000, Afrika. A purple overprint that shows strategic
targets and road data (width, surface, roadbed) is keyed to a
target list. Other items shown by overprinting are passes,
sharp curves, narrow road cuts, land too steep for crossing by
motor vehicles, land impassabld for other reasons, land tempo-
rarily impassable, and land passable only with great difficulty.
Dunes, seasonally flooded areas, and escarpments are noted. A
text in the margin gives descriptions of the physical features,
transportation, population and settlement, and economy.
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The legends for the overprints describe only those items
used on the individual sheets. Insets in the marginal text show
the areal extent of the landforms and geological formations.
In the city plans printed on the back of most of the sheets,
street names are generally given, and many of the buildings are
Identified.
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Algeria
1. Militargeographische Angaben fiber Algerian; Entwurf;
10 November 1912
Textheft
Bildheft
Ortsbeschreibungen
Nord-Algerien: Ubersichtskarte, 1:2,000,000
Strassenkarte von Algerian, 1:2,000,000
Verkehrswege durch die mittlere Sahara, 1:1+,000,000
City plans (see D-1)
2. EOK file, GMDS, H 29/III B1.2; H 29/III A.2
B. Translations -- None
C. Map Series
1. 10 sheets of the Mil-Geo 1:500,000 series cover Algeria
(see Africa, C-1)
D.
City Plans
1.
In A-1:
Algier, 1:10,000
Constantine, 1:5,000
Oran, 1:10,000
Sisi-bel-Abbes, 1:5,000
2.
In A-l, Ortsbeschreibungen:
Sketch plans of 37 towns
E. Remarks
The Mil-Geo handbook on Algeria, published in November 191+2,
is more comprehensive than most of the earlier handbooks. Approxi-
mately 1+Q pages in the Textheft are devoted to the physical,
economic, and social aspects of the country, and another 40 pages to
regional descriptions. Compendia of administrative divisions,
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electric power installations, airfields, routes of travel, etc.,
occupy about 50 pages. The nine black-and-white maps in the
Textheft show the distances from Algiers to other Mediterranean
points, annual precipitation, language distribution, population
density, land use, railroads, terrain regions, administrative
divisions, and dams and irrigated lands.
The 112 photographs in the.Bildheft are arranged by major
landscape areas. A Baedeker-like inventory of over 100 towns,
with sketches of 37 of them, is given in the Ortsbeschreibungen
of A-l. Town descriptions are based on the 1938 editions of
"Guide Bleu," and "Guide du Tourisme au Sahara."
The general map of northern Algeria in A-1 is a composite
of two sheets of Africa 1:2,000,000. The road map is an
adaptation of a Michelin map, 1939 edition. The map showing
transport routes through the middle Sahara, based on a special
Michelin map and a French Army map, is a very detailed presenta-
tion of motor transport routes, with helpful notes on traffic-
ability, accommodations, water supply, airfields, and garages.
In general, only north-south rail lines are shown.
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Dakar
(Including Senegal and Gambia)
1. Militargeographische Angaben Uber Dakar and sein Hinter-
land (Senegal and Gambia); second edition, 31 January.
19+2 (with a supplement dated 10 November 19+2)
Text- and Bildheft
Ubersichtskarte Senegal and Gambia, 1:1,000,000
Gewasser and Brunnen im Hinterland von Dakar, 1:500,000
City plans (see D-1)
B. Translations,-- None
C.. Map Series -- None
D. City Plans.
1. In A-1:
Dakar, 1:5,000
Dakar, 1:25,000
Saint Louis-, 1:5,000
The Textheft is more comprehensive than many of the texts
on other areas. It covers physical geography, population,
economic development, transportation and communications, and
landscape areas. Section C of the Textheft contains a discussion
of the administrative divisions (with a map); climatic tables
(qualitative only); a section Qn water features; description of
towns; discussion of important diseases and sanitary facilities;
descriptions of routes from Dakar to several distant places;
lists of airfields in Senegal (with a map) and of radio stations
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in Senegal and Gambia; and a map showing the sheet lines for the
1:100,000 map series on Senegal. The unusually small Bildheft
contains only 19 photographs.
The most important map in the Textheft is a tipped-in colored
map at 1:2,000,000, on which terrain and vegetation distribution are
shown in considerable detail and with unusual clarity.
Of the separate maps in the folder, one that is unusual for
Mil-Geo shows water featured and wells, the latter classified
according to depth and quality of water. Each of the three city
plans in the folder has an overprint of strategic buildings and
areas.
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Egypt and Northeastern Africa
A. Textual Materials
1.. Militargeographische Beschreibung von Nordost-Afrika;
28 November 1940
Text- and Bildheft
City plans (see D-.l)
2. Militaxgeographische Angaben hiberAgypten; Entwurf;
20 June 191+2
Textheft
Bildheft
Ubersichtskarte, 1:2,000,000
Befahrbarkeitskarte, 1:500,000 (2 sheets)
Karte der wichtigsten Kanal- and Flussizbergange in
Agypten,`1:500,000 (3 sheets)
3. EOK file, GMDS H29/III A1.3 through A1.6
1. Most of the Textheft of A-2, on Egypt, has been
translated. Pages 12-11+, 38-90, 95-112, and 162-181
were translated by the Topographic Section, Intelligence
Division, General Staff, U.S. Army; and pages 18-31 by
Foreign Documents Division, CIA, as CIA.-00-W-61221+9
C. Map Series
1. Mil-Geo-Karts LAfrikaj, 1:500,000 (see Africa)
2. Befahrbarkeitskarte, 1:500,000: Sheet 1, Matruch;
Sheet 2, Kairo
3. Karte der wichtigsten Kanal- and Flussuberginge in Agypten,
1:500,000: Sheet 1, Kairo; Sheet 2, Assiut; Sheet 3,
Kena
1+. Mil-Geo-Karte.Agypten, 1:200,000 (1+ sheets); 20 June 1942
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D. City Plans
Alexandria,, 1:15,000
Beni Suef, 1:5,000
Cairo, 1:25,000
Hurghada, 1:15,000
Port Said and Port Fouad
Qena, 1:5,000
Zagazig, 1:5,000
2. In A-2, Textheft:
Assiut
Assuan
Benha
Beni Suef
Damanhur
El-Mahalla el-Kubra
El-Mansura
E1-Minja
Es-Simbillawen
Heliopolis
Heluan
Hurghada
Kena
Luksor
Mit Ghamr
Sagasig
Schibin el-Kom
Sifta
Taicha
Tanta
Sheet Marsa Matruch --
Sollum, 1:10,000
Marsa Matruch, 1:25,000
Sheet Kairo --
Sues, 1:10,000
Heluan, 1:12,500
Sheet Baharije --
Bahari,je
Sheet Assiut --
Beni Suef, 1:5,000
El Minja, 1:12,500
Assiut, 1:10,000
Sheet Kena --
Assuan (and environs),
1:25,000
Kena, 1:5,000
Luksor, 1:12,500
4. On backs of sheets of C-4;
Sheet Rosette --
Alexandrian, 1:10,000
Damanhur, 1:20,000
Talkha, 1:7,500
Mansura, 1:10,000
Sheet Port Said --
Port Said, 1:10,000
Sheet Kairo --
Kairo, 1:10,000
Sheet Ismailija --
Ismaili,ja, 1:10,000
El Kantara, 1:15,000
Environs of El Kantara
Zagazig, 1:8,000
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i
E. Remarks
A-1 and A-2 are similar in scope and content. A-1, on
northeastern Africa, emphasizes Egypt but also covers eastern
Libya. A-2, on Egypt, published more than a year and a half
later, both supplements and complements the earlier study;
some new subjects.are discussed, and some corrections have
been made; sections on economic resources, transportation, and
communications have been expanded; and the number of city
descriptions has been increased. In A-1 the Bildheft is bound
into the Textheft, whereas in A-2 the Bildheft is a separate
volume and contains more photographs. Each Textheft has
over two dozen black-and-white maps. A-1 contains 14 sketch
maps, which deal mostly with small sections of Egypt or eastern
Libya, and 12 maps, which cover mainly transportation and
oases; there is also a large, highly generalized, colored map
of transportation and land use, Nordostliches Afrika, at
1:2,000,000.. Of the 32 sketch maps in A-2, 20 are city plans.
Most of the others cover a variety of subjects for Egypt as a
whole. Great attention is given to terrain and water conditions.
A-2 also has an index, an unusual feature for a Mil-Geo study.
The Ubersichtskarte of A-2 is a detailed topographic map
similar to an IMW'.. The two-sheet trafficability map, Befahrbar-
keitskarte (A-2 and C-2), was made for Mil-Geo by Wehrgeologie
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Stella 12. The significant obstacles to overland travel in
northern Egypt and northeastern Libya as far west as Sollum
are overprinted in bold symbols on Agypten 1:500,000.
The three-sheet map of important canal and river cross-
ings in the Nile Valley from the Mediterranean almost to Aswan
(A-2 and C-3) is an overprint by Mil-Geo on Aypten 1:500,000.
Every bridge and ferry crossing is shown on the map and also
listed in the margin with a reference to a large-scale map
sheet.
On the four sheets of C-4, overprinted on Egypt 1:200,000,
Mil-Geo data include only symbols locating military installations,
airfields, bridges, and hindrances to traffic; figures on the
depth, width, and rate of flow of rivers, canals, and flooded
areas; and notes describing the roads and water supplies.
Textual description concerns the physical features, roads,
population and settlement, and economy. Each sheet has a
target list.
In D-1 the plan of Cairo is on Sheet 81/630 of Agypten
1:25,000. The map of Alexandria includes a partial street
directory and shows contours. Both English and German names of
targets are given on the plan of Zagazig. In addition to the
plan of Port Said and Port Fouad listed in D-l, a sketch map of
Port Said appears on page 69 of the Textheft of A-1.
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The town plans in D-2 appear as black-and-white sketches
supplementing the section on towns in the Textheft of A-2. The
scales vary, but most are about 1:20,000. The German forms of
place names, as they appear in the introductory list in the
Textheft, are given in D-2; the names are spelled differently
on some of the plans.
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Libya
1. Militargeographische Beschreibung von Libyen (Entwurf);
29 January 19+1
Text- and Bildheft
Ubersichtskarte von Libyen, 1:3,000,000
Verkehrakarte von Nord-Libyen, 1:2,000,000
/KKarte der OaseJ Cufra, 1:100,000
2. Erganzungen zu MilitErgeographische Beschreibung von
Libyen; December 19+2; typewritten manuscript.
Befahrbarkeit and Wasserverkialtnisse im Gebiet der
Grossen Syrte, 1:1,000,000 (2 maps)
Erla.uterungen zur Karte
B. Translations
1. Parts of the Textheft (GMDS H29/3) were translated by
FDD as unpublished report U-967
C. Map Series -- None
D. City Plans
1. In A-l, Textheft:
Bengasi, app. 1:35,000 (p. 4+7)
Tripoli, app. 1:35,000 (opp. P. 54)
The Mil-Geo treatment of Libya appears to contain no
serious errors. It is particularly useful because there are few
studies of Libya in English.
The text of A-1, although called an Entwurf (survey), is a
fairly comprehensive study of the military geography of Libya.
Section A is a general description of the country. The principal
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regions and important oases are treated in Section B. Section
C is a description, in more than usual detail, of important
towns and harbors; Section D devotes more than 30 pages to
routes of travel; and a glossary gives the German equivalents
of Arabic words? The picture section of 96 photographs is
bound with the text..
There are 10 black-and-white maps in the Textheft. Sub-
jects covered are (1) distances between points in Libya, Sicily,
and Crete, and rainfall averages along the Mediterranean Coast;
(2) colonization in Cyrenaika; (3) city plan of Bengasi; (4) city
plan of Tripoli; (5) terrain and road network; (6) climate,
vegetation, and crops; (7, 8, 9) sketches of three oases; and
(10) water supply in the Tripoli area, at approximately
1:500,000, showing distribution of wells. Three colored maps in
the folder are adequate but not outstanding.
In A-2 are two trafficability maps prepared by the German
military geology staff (Wehrgeologenstab Wannsee, W. Geol. St.
29). Significant terrain and water features are plotted in
India ink and colored crayon on the IMW sheets, Sokna and Audjila.
Parts of the maps are designated as "unknown," and about half
the area of each sheet is not evaluated.
The only c:Lty plans (D-1) are two black-and-white sketches
bound into the Textheft of A-l. The plan of Tripoli shows the
settlement pattern of the city and its environs.
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The handbook on Northeast Africa (see Egypt and Northeast
Africa, A-1) includes some data on Libya. Three of the maps in
that Textheft deal exclusively with Libya: Karte 1 - Verkehrswegwe
in der westlichen Libyschen Waste (approximately 1:5,000)000);
Karte 2 - Verkehrsyerbindungen in Tripolitanien (approximately
1:2,250,000; and Karte 3 - Verkehrsverbindungen and Wasserleitungen
in der Cyrenaika (approximately 1:2,000,000).
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A. Textual Materials
1. Militargeographische Angaben fiber Marokko, Entwurf;
20 July 19+2
Textheft
Bildheft
Ortsbeschreibungen
Ubersichtskarte, 1:2,000,000
Strassenkarte von Marokko, 1:1,000,000
City plans (see D-1)
2. EOK file, GMDS H29/III B3.3 and H29/III A.2
C. Map Series -?- None
D. City Plans
1. In A-1 (all at 1:10,000):
Casablanca Meknes
Fes Port-Lyautey urn Mehdia
Marrakech Rabat-Sale
2. In A-1, Ortsbeschreibungen:
Sketch plans of 26 towns and oases
E. Remarks
This handbook covers Tangier, Spanish Morocco, French
Morocco, and Ifni. The major emphasis is on French Morocco, for
which coverage is good; the other areas are given only general
treatment. The study is less detailed than that on Algeria. All
the political units are covered in the discussion of physical,
economic, and social features and in the description of sub-
regions.
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There are 13 black-and-white maps in the Textheft, only one
of which is larger than page size. Subjects of the maps are
location and distances from neighboring countries; dates of
pacification of various parts of French Morocco; topography;
vegetation and soils; precipitation; distribution of Arab-
and Berber-speaking peoples; population density; mines in
French Morocco; power stations and lines in French Morocco;
railroads; physical regions; administrative areas of French
Morocco; and roads.
,Part C of the Textheft contains inventories of water
resources, power facilities, airfields, and landing possibilities
on the coasts, besides 40 pages on roads, with routes and
distances between places. This is one of the few Mil-Geo
texts with an index.
The 146 photographs in the Bildheft are arranged accord-
ing to physical regions and are referred to in the Textheft.
The pictures are keyed to a map showing locations of the
views.
The Ortsbeschreibungen contains descriptions of about
80 towns and oases and sketch plans of 26 of them, including
Tangier. This booklet is one of the most valuable parts of
the handbook.
The Ubersichtskarte is a fairly complete map of the IMW
type. The Strassenkarte is a detailed transportation map
based on two Michelin sheets published in 1941.
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The detailed city plans (D-1) are based on plans published
by the Service Geographique du Maroc in 1930-35. All plans but
that of Meknes have street gazetteers, and all but that of
Casablanca have contours. Strategic installations are over-
printed in red. Most of the 26 sketch plans in the Ortsbesch-
reibungen are from the Guide Bleu, Maroc, 1938.
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Spanish Sahara
1. Militargeographische Studie fiber Spanish-West-Sahara
(Rio de Oro mit Spanish-Sahara and Spanish-Sizd-
Marokko); Entwurf; 10 November 19+2
B. Translations -- None
C. Map Series None
D. City Plans -- None
E. Remarks
In this very short handbook the terrain, population and
settlement, economy, transportation, and telecommunications of
Spanish Sahara are described. The photo supplement contains
views of some of the terrain and cultural features described in
the text. The three maps included are highly generalized
sketches of the terrain.
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Tunisia
1. MilitErgeographische Beschreibung von Tunis; 10 October
19+1 (earlier edition, 16 May 19+1)
Text- and Bildheft
Tbersichtskarte, 1:1,000,000
Verkehrskarte von Tunis, 1:1,000,000
Stadtdurchfahrtplane (see D-2)
City plan of Tunis (see D-1)
2. EOK file, GMDS, H 29/III A.2
B. Translations -- None
C. Map Series
All of Tunisia but the southernmost part is covered on six
sheets of the 1:500,000 Mil-Geo series on North Africa (see
Africa)
D. City Plans
1. In A-1:
Tunis, 1;10,000
2. In A-l, Stadtdurchfahrtplane:
Plans of 13 towns, with an index map
E. Remarks
The handbook on Tunisia probably set the pattern for the
studies on Morocco and Algeria, which appeared more than 6
months later. The Tunisian study has as many maps (10) in the
text as the others, but it is less detailed and comprehensive.
Photographs, town descriptions, and compendia of miscellaneous
data, as well as the usual functional and regional descriptions,
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are all in the Textheft. Five large maps are included. Among
the subjects presented are precipitation, drainage, mines,
power stations, railroads, terrain regions, soil conditions
on the south Tunisian coastal plain, airfields, water supply
of the city of Tunis, land use, population density, adminis-
trative divisions, transportation along the Tunisian-
Tripolitanian border, and water supply of the country.
The city plan of Tunis (D-1) shows details of land use,
especially water facilities, in the suburbs. On the back of
the map is a street directory and a map of the environs of
Tunis at 1:30,000. The Stadtdurchfahrtplane are not in the
usual booklet form; the 13 town plans and a small-scale
map that locates the towns are printed on one long, narrow
sheet.
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(Including the United States)
A. Textual Materials
l.. Studie fiber den ostasiatisch-pazifischen Kampfraum;
18 December 1941
Text and Beschreibung
Anlagen: Ubersichtskarte des ostasiatisch pazifischen
Kampfraumes, 1:40,000,000
Ostasiatisdher Raum, 1:10,000,000
2. Mil-Geo-Unterlagen zu Orientierungsheft "U.S.A." --
Die Vereinigten Staaten von Amerika; ca. 1942; (manu-
script) (at CIA Map Library)
B. Translations --.None
C. Map Series -- None
D. City Plans -- None
E. Remarks
A-1 is a 16-page booklet that gives the strategic picture
of the Far East-Pacific area in a general manner. A black-and-
white map shows population figures of the constituent countries.
A colored map at the scale of 1:40,000,000 portrays the empires,
bases, distances, and strategic raw materials of the area.
Another colored map shows railroads and cities of -the Far East
in considerable detail.
A-2 is an introduction to the geography of the United
States in seven typewritten pages, with no maps. Probably the
manuscript was never printed.
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APPENDIX B: GLOSSARY
Abdruck: separate print
Abgeschlossen: completed (as of a given date)
Abkurzung: abbreviation
Abschnitt: section, segment
Abteilung: division: as in Abteilung fur Kriegskarten and
Vermessungswesen (Abt. f. Kr. Kart. u. Vertu. W.),
Division for Military Maps and Surveying
Ackerbau: agriculture (cultivation of fields)
allgemein: general
Amt: office (governmental)
Anderung: alteration, variation
Angaben: data
angrenzend: bordering on, adjacent to
Anhang: appendix, supplement
Anlage: appendix, annex, plan or lay-out (of a city)
anliegend: adjacent, attached
Ansichtsskizze: sketched view
Anweisung: directions, instruction
Anzahl: number, quantity
Arbeit: work
Auflage: edition (printing)
Ausgabe: edition
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Ausgearbeiten: to compile, to work out (as a problem)
Ausland: foreign
Ausschnitt: out (out of), section (of a map)
Aussenstelle: outpost
Aussprache: pronunciation
Ausstattung: outfit, equipment, provision
Auswertung: evaluation, interpretation
Bahnhof: railway station
Baustoff: construction material
Bearbeitung: compilation, treatment
Bedingungon: conditions
Befahrbarkeit: trafficability (vehicular)
Befestigung: fortification
behelfsmassig: temporary, improvised, makeshift
beiderseits: on. both sides
Beilage: enclosure, supplement (in a manual)
Beispiel: example
Belegungamoglichkeit: billeting possibility
benachbart: neighboring, adjoining
Benutzbarkeit: usability
Bereich: scope, area (figuratively and literally)
Bergbau: mining
Bergstriche: hachures
Berichtigung: revision (map), correction
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Berucksichtigung: consideration (taking into)
mit Beruchsichtigung -- with special reference
Beschreibung: description
Beschrifbung: legend, caption (including all printed matter,
e.g. on a map)
Besiedlung: settlement
besonders: distinct, especial
Beurteilung: judgment, criticism, evaluation
Beutekarte: captured map
Bevolkerung: population
Bevolkerungsverteilung: population distribution
Bevolkerungsdichte: population density
Bewachsung: vegetation cover
beziehungsweise (bzw): respectively, making allowance for
circumstances
Bezirk: district (usually political)
Bildanhang: picture appendix or supplement
Bildbeilage: picture supplement
Bildheft: picture volume
Bildplan: photomap
Binnenschiffahrt: inland navigation
bis: up to, down to, as far as, until
bisher: up to now, until now
Blatt: sheet (of a map)
Blattbereich (BB): area covered by map sheet
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Blattbereichoeinteilung index of map sheets
Blattnumerierung: sheet numbering (of a map)
Blattrand: sheet margin (of a map)
Bodenart: soil type
Boderibedeckung: vegetation
Bodenbeschaffenheit: condition of the soil, nature-or quality
of the soil
Bodenbewachsung: vegetation cover, overgrowth
Bodenorganisation: ground personnel
Bodenschatze: minerals, natural resources
Brucke: bridge
BrUckenbauplan: bridge construction plan
Brennen: well
Bucht: bay
Chaussee: highway
Darstellung: presentation, representation
Dorfzerstorungeubersicht: map of destroyed villages
Durchfahrt(s)plan: through-way plan
D'urchgangigkeit: passability
Durchgangstrasse: through-way road
ehemalig: former, old
Eigenname: proper name
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Einfluss: influence, power, inlet (e.g., of a lake)
eingehend: thorough
einsehen: to view
Einheitsblatt: unit map (refers to small-size edition of
1:100,000 series on Germany or equal-sized sections of
a Grossblatt)
Einheitsobjektkartei (EOK): individual or uniform subject file
einschliesslich: inclusive
Einteilung: distribution, classification, subdivision
Eintragung: registration, entry, recording
Einwirkung: influence, effect
Einzelangaben: individual data, detailed data, data on
individual subjects
Einzeldarstellung: presentation as a unit, presentation of a
single subject
Einzelheft: single volume
Einzellandschaft: individual region
Eisenbahn: railroad
Eisenbahnnetz: railroad net
Electrizitatswirtschaft: electricity system
endglltig: final, conclusive, definitive
Energieversorgung: power supply
entnommen: taken from, borrowed
Entwurf: rough draft, outline, sketch, project, survey
Erganzung: supplement
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Erlauterung: explanation
Erm6glichen: render possible or feasible
erweitern: to enlarge
Fahre: ferry
Faltblatt: folder sheet (map)
fehlt: omitted, missing
Fernautobuslinierz: long-distance bus routes
Fernsprechnetz: telephone net
Fernverkehrstrasse:? long-distance highways
Fliegertruppe: air force, air troops
Flugplatz: airfield
Flugwesen: airway system, aviation
Flurkarte: field map
Fluss: river
Forstwirtschaft: forest economy
Fizhrung: operations (military) staff
Furnkstelle: radio station
Generalstab: general staff
Gangbarkeit: passability (on fdbt)
Gau: district (usually administrative)
Gebiet: area, region
gegenwartig: present
geheim: secret
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geheime kommandosache: top secret
Gel'andeform: land for,.
Gelgndehindernis: terrain obstacle
Gelandename: terrain name (designation)
Gemeinde: commune, minor civil division (of Germany)
Geneigtaufnahme: slope survey
Generalkommando: corps headquarters
gesamt: total, entire
Gesamtbeurteilung: over-all evaluation
Gewasser: waters, drainage
Gewasserabschnitt: section of a drainage system (description
or map)
Gitternetz: military grid (on map)
Gliederung: distribution, configuration, classification
greifbar: palpable, tangible
Grenze: border, boundary
Grenzgebiet: border area
Grenzubergang: border crossing
Grossblatt: large sheet (map)
Grossformat: large size (map or book)
Gruppe: group
gultig: valid, authentic
H
H. Dv. g. Z417, Heeres Druckvorschriften geheime /1+1/: Army
printing regulation, secret AV
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Halbinsel: peninsula
Haltestelle: stop (railroad or bus)
Hauptband: main volume
Hauptbodenart: main soil type
Hauptstrassennetz: principal road net
Hauptteil: main part
Heer: army
Heft: paper-bound volume or brochure
herausgeben: to publish
Herstellung: production
Hervorhebung: emphasizing, stressing.
Hochgebirge: high mountains
Hochgebirgspass: high mountain pass
H6henlage: altitude
Hohenschichtenkarte: contour map
I
Industriegebiet: industrial area or region
Inhalt: contents
Insel: island
Insgesamt: total, altogether
Joch: narrow pass, col
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Kampfraum: combat area
Karte: map
Kartenanhang: map supplement
Kartenberichtigung: map correction
Kartenblattnumerierung: map sheet numbering
Kartenlager: map depot
Kartenmappe: map folder
Kartenekizze: . sketch map
Kartenstelle: map depot
Kerngebiet: nucleus or core area
Kleinformat: small size
Klima: climate
Kraftwerk: power plant
Kriegskarte: war map, military map
Kulturland: cultivated land
Karte: coast
KUstenbeschaffenheit: nature of coasts
Kustenbeschreibung: description of coasts
Kizstenfluss: coastal river
Kizstengebiet: coastal area
Kizstengestaltung: coastal configuration
L
Lage: location, position, situation
Lagerstatte: deposit (of minerals)
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Landeplatz: landing place (airplane)
landerweise: by countries
Landesaufnahme: survey of the country, topography, also survey
agency
Landesbeschreibung: description of the country
Landeskunde: knowledge of a country, geography
Landesplanung: regional planning
Landschaftsbild: picture of a landscape or region
Landschaftsgliederung: subdivision of land into geographic
regions
Landwirtschaft: farming (including livestock-raising), agriculture
Leistungsfahigkeit: capacity
Literaturnachweis: bibliography
Luftlandemciglichkeit: place where air landing is possible
Mappe: folder
Masstab: scale (of a map)
Meerenge: strait
Mehrheit: majority
Militarbefehlshaber: army commander
Minderheit: minority
Moglichkeit: possibility, feasibility, opportunity
Muster: sample, model
Nachdruck: reprint
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Nachrichtenverbindung: signal communications
Nachtrag: supplement
Namenverseichnis: index of names (e.g. gazetteer)
nautisch: nautical
nebet: alongside of, including, and also
Niederschlag: precipitation, rainfall
n5rdlich: northern
0
0berkommando (des Heeres-OKE., der Kriegsmarine-0K , der Luftwaffe-
OIL, der Wehrmacht-OKi): High Command of the Army, the
Navy, the Air Force, the defense forces
Oberflachengestalt: surface configuration, relief
Objektbilder: pictures of objectives, target photos
Objekterl'auterung: target (or objective) explanation
Objekteintragung: indication of objectives
Objektkarte: map of objectives, target map
Objektverzeichnis: target (or objective) directory
Olgewinnung: oil production
Operationskarte: (military) operations map
Orientierung: orientation
Ort: place
Ortsbelegungekarte: billeting map
Ortschaftverzeichnis: gazetteer of towns and cities
Ortskarte: place map
Ortsname: place name
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Ortsverzeichnis: gazetteer
Pause: tracing
Pegel: water-level gauge
Pegelstation: gauging station
Pflanzendecke: plant cover
Piste: track
Quellgebiet: head-water region
Raumforschung regional research
Referat: report, (reporting agency)
Reichsgau: administrative district of the fThird7 Reich
Ruckseite: back, reverse side
Rundbild: panorama
S
Sammelheft: collection of articles in a single volume
Schema: diagram, plan
Schiesekarte: fire control map
Schiffahrtslinien: navigation lines or routes
Schleuse: lock (e.g., in a canal)
Schriftmuster: sample of type
Seekarte: hydrographic chart
Sendeanlage: radio transmitter
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Siedlung: settlement
Signatur: legend, symbols
Skizze: sketch
Sonderausgabe: special edition
Sonderbeilage: special supplement
Sonderkarte: special map
Stadtdurchfahrt(s)plan: through-way town plan
Stadtplan: town plan
Starkstrom: high tension current
Stationeverzeichnis: directory of railroad stations
Stellvertreter: representative, assistant (commander, etc.)
Strasee: road, street, strait (e.g,, of Gibraltar)
Strassenausbau: road improvement or development
Strassenzustandskarte: map of condition of roads
StrassenUbersiGht: general. road map
Streckenverzeichnis: list of distances
Stromgebiet: drainage basin
Stromversorgung: electric power supply
Stuck piece
sudlich: southern
Tal: valley
Talprofile: valley profile or cross section
Taleperre: dam
Teil: part
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Teilabdruck: partial reprint
Telegrafennetz: telegraph network
Textheft: text volume
Truppenfiihrung: conduct of troops, field service manual
Uber: over, across
Uberblick: survey
Ubergang: crossing
Ubersicht: survey, over-all view
Ubereichtskarte: general map, orientation map, index map
Uberschwemmungskarte: map showing floodability
M
umfassend: comprehensive
Umgebung: environs, surroundings
Umgehungsweg: route for evading (the enemy)
Umschlag: wrapper, jacket (of a book)
Unterlage: basis, evidence, source material
Unterkunft: shelter, billet
Unterrichtungswork: training manual
V
verbessern: to improve, to correct
Verbindung: connection
verfugbar: available
Verhaltnis: relationship, condition
Verkehr: transportation, traffic
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Verkehrskunstbaute: engineering structure along transportation
routes (bridges and tunnels)
Verkehrslinien: communication lines
Verkehrsmittel: means of communication
Verkehrverbindung: transportation connections
Verkehrsweg: transport route, traffic route
vermerkt: noted, marked, recorded
Vermessung: survey, surveying
Vermessungswesen: conduct or operation of a survey
Versorgung: supply
Verteidigung: defense
Verteilung: distribution
Verwaltungseinheit: administrative unit
Verwaltungsgliederung: administrative structure or organization
Verwaltungsgrenze: administrative boundary
Verwaltungskarte: administrative map
Verwendung: use, application
zur besonderen Verwendung -- z.b.V. -- for special
work, unattached
Verzeichhis: list, index, directory
Viehzucht: stock farming, livestock raising
Volksgruppe: ethnic group
Volkstumskarte: ethnographic map
vorleufig: provisional; preliminary
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WasserfUhrung: aqueduct
Wasserleitung: water supply or management
Wasserversorgung: water supply
Weg: way, route
Wehrgeologisch: military geological
Wehrkreis: military district
Wehrkreiskarten:Lager: military district map depot
Wehrkreiskommando: military district command
Wehrmacht: military services
Wehrmachtsbefeh:Lshaber: Department of Defense commander, as
distinguished from Milit .rbefehlshaber
westlich: western
wichtig: important
Wirtschaft: economy
Wirtschaftskarte: economic map
Wirtschaftsobjekt: industrial (economic) target
Z
Zeit: time
zur Zeit -- at present
zerstoren: to destroy
zugleich: simultaneously
Zusammendruck: composite printing
Zusammenfassend: comprehensive, collective, summarizing
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Zusammenstellung: list, inventory, table
zustandig: competent
zwischen: between, among
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 EUROPE, AFRICA, AND THE NEAR EAST
CITY PLANS PUBLISHED BY MIL-GEO*
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Jaw NM.1 paM.rM Mr. l,.dlwNd a. Ihi. map.
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VASE: EUROPE AND THE NEAR FAST 1:4.04..5 11. 4.1- G,.o phip SOdMP. Washington, a C., 1590
INTERNATIONAL BOUNDARIES IN EUROPE ARE AS OF 1937.
'MILITARY GFASRATHIOAL SECTION OF THE GERMAN GENERAL STAFF
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