INTELLIGENCE HANDBOOK CUBA: FOREIGN TRADE

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CIA-RDP79-00928A000200070002-5
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RIFPUB
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K
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20
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December 12, 2016
Document Release Date: 
May 7, 2002
Sequence Number: 
2
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Publication Date: 
July 1, 1975
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REPORT
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Approved For Release 2002/06/04: CIA-RDP79-00928A000200070002-5 Intelligence Handbook Cuba: Foreign Trade A (ER) 75-69 July 1975 Approved For Release 2002/06/04: CIA-RDP79-00928A000200070002-5 Approved For Release 2002/06/04: CIA-RDP79-00928A000200070002-5 This publication is prepared for the use of U.S. Government officials. The format, coverage, and contents of the publi- cation are designed to meet the specific requirements of governmental users. All inquiries concerning this document from non-U.S. Government users are to be addressed to: Document Expediting (DOCEX) Project Exchange and Gift Division Library of Congress Washington, D.C. 20540 pprove or e ease 9-109 002000 0002-5 Approved For Release 2002/06/04: CIA-RDP79-00928A000200070002-5 Cuba: Foreign Trade July 1975 Approved For Release 2002/06/04: CIA-RDP79-00928A000200070002-5 Approved For Release 2002/06/04: CIA-RDP79-00928A000200070002-5 Foreword This handbook on Cuba's international trade was prepared as a research aid. It contains (a) a short discussion of trends in Cuban trade since the Castro takeover in 1959, with emphasis on developments in 1974; (b) statistics on the value, direction, and composition of trade (see Tables 1-10); economic assistance received from the USSR (see Table 11); and recent loan extensions by non-Communist countries (see Table 12); and (c) background material on the economy and on Cuban trading enterprises (see Tables 13-14). The trade data in this handbook through 1972 are based mainly on official Cuban data. Statistics for 1973-74 are based largely on (a) data supplied by Cuba to the International Sugar Organization and (b) estimates derived from data published by Cuba's Communist and non-Communist trading partners. The estimates of Soviet balance-of-payments and developmental assistance reflect (a) drawings to cover Cuban trade deficits with the USSR, (b) estimated accrual of Cuban liabilities for interest on the outstanding debt to the USSR, and (c) other invisibles such as a portion of the wages of Soviet technicians in Cuba and other small movements of short-term Soviet capital to Cuba. Approved For Release 2002/06/04: CIA-RDP79-00928A000200070002-5 Approved For Release 2002/06/04: CIA-RDP79-00928A000200070002-5 CUBA: FOREIGN TRADE Trade Trends Before 1974 1. Cuba is the world's largest sugar exporter and has long been dependent on sugar for most of its export earnings (see Figure 1). Despite spasmodic efforts MILLION US $ 3,500 Figure 1 CUBA: Trade Trends 0 1958 1961 1963 1966 1967 1969 1971 72 73 1974 566895 7-75 by the Castro government to diversify the economy, sugar sales consistently made up about three-quarters of total export earnings from 1959 to 1973. As a result of both low world sugar prices and a failure to achieve sustained increases in sugar production, Cuban export earnings remained largely stagnant until 1973. Rising Soviet and world sugar prices enabled Cuban receipts to jump sharply in that year. 1 Approved For Release 2002/06/04: CIA-RDP79-00928A000200070002-5 Approved For Release 2002/06/04: CIA-RDP79-00928A000200070002-5 2. About $4.4 billion in Soviet development and balance-of-payments assistance since the Castro takeover in 1959 has permitted the Cuban economy to invest and consume beyond its means. Cuba has recorded consistently large trade deficits throughout the Castro regime, averaging about $255 million annually. 3. Cuban imports are dominated by capital goods, industrial raw materials, and petroleum, mimicking the industrial orientation of its Communist tutors. Foodstuff - chiefly wheat, flour, and rice - made up about 20% of total imports. Imports accounted for about 35% of the country's food supply. Communist countries, mainly the USSR, provided about three-quarters of total Cuban imports. Western Europe supplied most of the remainder. Soaring Exports in 1974 4. Cuba's exports rose dramatically in 1974 on wings of unprecedented sugar prices, permitting Havana to post its first trade surplus since the Castro takeover (see Figure 2). Export earnings soared to an estimated $2.7 billion, double the 1973 level, as increased sugar production was paired with record sugar prices. Bolstered by increased export earnings which encouraged a large inflow of trade credits from its non-Communist trading partners, Cuban imports rose by 44% to $2.45 billion. 5. Sugar dominated the composition of commodity exports more than ever in 1974, accounting for about 90% of the total. An 8% increase in raw sugar output to 5.8 million metric tons and record world and Communist market sugar prices boosted earnings from sugar about 125%, to nearly $2.5 billion. Exports of shellfish, which have been rising steadily, grew another 19% in 1974 as a result of a larger catch and rising world prices. On the other hand, generally stagnant nickel, tobacco, and citrus production helped to keep sales of these items at approximately 1973 levels. 6. Cuba has not yet published import data for 1974 (or 1973). The relative importance of the major categories of goods probably did not change significantly from previous years. The high priority given investment suggests continued high levels of machinery and transportation equipment imports, thereby precluding any major shift toward nonfood consumer items. Failure to significantly expand food production other than sugar or to discover domestic petroleum supplies suggests continued large purchases of these commodities as well. Because of large increases in the prices of goods imported from the developed Western world, the real gain in imports obviously was substantially less than the rise in value. 2 Approved For Release 2002/06/04 : IA:RDP79-0-092-8A00020001000T-5 Approved For Release 2002/06/04: CIA-RDP79-00928A000200070002-5 MILLION US $ 500 CommUnist Cou Expanding Relations with the West 7. High world sugar prices and a stronger domestic economy enabled Havana in 1974 to expand its commercial ties with Western countries, which in turn have been eager to exploit the Cuban market. Hard currency earnings nearly tripled, to about $1.3 billion, as a result of an 18% increase in the volume of sugar exports and a near tripling of the average price received from world market sugar sales, to about 25 cents per pound. Bolstered by increasing trade credits from these countries, Cuban imports from the non-Communist world doubled to about $850 million, 35% of total imports, compared with a 27% average in 1971-73. 3 Approved For Release 2002/06/04: CIA-RDP79-00928A000200070002-5 Approved For Release 2002/06/04: CIA-RDP79-00928A000200070002-5 Cuban-Soviet Ties Remain Strong 8. Despite growing commercial links with the West, Havana remains closely tied to the Soviet economy. The Soviets accounted for about two-fifths of Cuba's total trade in 1974 (see Figure 3) and continued to provide for virtually all of 100 99 1 27 45 28 CUBA: Direction of Trade 32 45 23 28 48 24 PERCENT 24 55 21 23 48 29 22 46 32 20 32 19 49 32 Figure 3 Other Communist 18 Countries 41 USSR Non- Communist Countries 1958 1961 1963 1965 1967 1969 1971 1972 1973 1974 566697 7-75 its petroleum needs and a major share of its imports of capital equipment and foodstuffs. In addition, Moscow furnished Havana about $275 million in balance-of-payments and development credits, bringing the total amount of such assistance to about $4.4 billion since 1961. 4 Approved For Release 2a02106704: C1A-RD1-1/-9.-170928AIIIR02000NIIW2-5 Approved For Release 2002/06/04: CIA-RDP79-00928A000200070002-5 Prospects for 1975 9. Cuba's trade surplus will diminish and could well disappear in 1975. Lower sugar output and declining world sugar prices will hold export earnings to about the $2.7 billion level of 1974. Strengthened by large new Western credits, imports on the other hand will probably increase to at least match exports. Table 1 Cuba: Foreign Trade Overview Million US $ 1958 1961 1963 1965 1967 1969 1971 1972 1973' 1974' Total exports (f.o.b.) 742 626 545 691 705 671 860 837 1,380 2,745 Communist countries 18 460 365 529 568 446 555 446 880 1,485 USSR 14 304 164 323 366 233 304 244 565 935 Eastern Europe Negl. 63 125 103 113 130 160 137 210 375 Far East 4 93 76 103 89 83 91 65 105 175 Non-Communist countries 724 166 180 162 137 225 305 391 500 1,260 Total imports (c.i.f.) 860 707 832 866 999 1,222 1,387 1,297 1,700 2,450 Communist countries 2 498 697 649 784 902 969 996 1,225 1,600 USSR Negl. 294 461 428 582 669 731 778 950 1,175 Eastern Europe 2 104 145 98 119 139 143 126 150 225 Far East Negl. 100 91 123 83 94 95 92 125 200 Non-Communist countries 858 209 135 217 215 320 418 301 475 850 1. Provisional. 5 Approved For Release 2002/06/04: CIA-RDP79-00928A000200070002-5 Approved For Release 2002/06/04: CIA-RDP79-00928A000200070002-5 Table 4 Cuba: Exports, by Major Commodity Million US $ (f.o.b.) 1958 1961 1963 1965 1967 1969 1971 1972 1973' 1974' Total 742 626 545 691 705 671 860 837 1,380 2,745 Sugar 587 540 473 591 599 503 657 616 1,110 2,470 Raw sugar 496 495 389 511 520 408 634 596 1,090 2,445 Refined sugar 61 37 70 68 65 80 Molasses 30 8 14 12 14 15 23 20 20 25 Minerals 37 36 35 50 54 92 135 125 165 165 Nickel 28 29 32 40 44 86 135 124 164 164 Other 9 7 3 10 10 6 0 1 1 1 Tobacco 49 38 22 33 30 42 32 40 42 35 Raw 37 32 15 19 11 14 14 15 13 10 Manufac- tures 12 6 7 14 19 28 18 25 29 25 Foodstuffs 22 4 4 5 10 28 36 52 58 70 Of which: Fish and shell- fish 4 1 1 3 5 13 21 28 42 50 Fruit 2 1 1 1 1 2 3 5 12 15 Rum 1 1 Negl. 1 2 3 1 3 4 5 Other 47 8 11 12 12 6 0 4 5 5 1. Provisional. Approved For Release 2002/06/04: CIA-RDP79-00928A000200070002-5 Table 5 Cuba: Sugar Exports to Communist Countries Thousand Metric Tons, Raw Sugar 1958 1961 1963 1965 1967 1969 1971 1972 1973 19741 Total 249 4,791 2,067 3,525 3,866 2,808 3,278 2,294 3,012 3,270 USSR 188 3,303 973 2,1102 2,473 1,352 1,581 1,097 1,661 1,900 Eastern Europe 11 456 560 584 703 796 960 696 834 820 Albania 0 0 6 11 4 0 23 15 14 20 Bulgaria 0 57 56 158 195 205 2111 154 213 200 Czecho- slovakia 0 25 150 245 215 224 190 151 163 170 East Germany 0 112 244 170 250 253 338 243 259 260 Hungary 11 0 0 0 17 17 59 38 52 45 Poland 0 262 104 0 22 28 30 22 55 50 Romania 0 0 0 0 0 69 109 73 78 75 Far East 50 1,032 534 831 690 660 737 501 517 550 China 50 1,032 501 7443 556 445 464 295 302 380 Mongolia 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 11 3 20 North Korea 0 0 20 21 83 155 197 119 136 75 North Vietnam 0 0 13 66 46 60 76 76 76 75 1. Provisional, 2. Excluding 346,000 tons shipped to the USSR on Chinese account in repayment of a 1961 loan. 3. Including 346,000 tons shipped to the USSR. 9 Approved For Release 2002/06/04: CIA-RDP79-00928A000200070002-5 Approved For Release 2002/06/04: CIA-RDP79-00928A000200070002-5 Table 6 Cuba: Sugar Exports to Non-Communist Countries Thousand Metric Tons, Raw Sugar 1958 1961 1963 1965 1967 1969 1971 1972 1973 19741 Total 5,383 1,623 1,454 1,790 1,817 1,991 2,233 1,846 1,785 2,100 Algeria 0 0 5 18 43 42 25 25 6 15 Canada 190 16 70 69 66 80 73 31 47 115 Egypt 0 75 78 125 114 69 43 21 5 N.A. Finland 0 5 0 0 21 0 12 16 26 72 Iran 10 61 10 73 71 0 25 52 0 N.A. Iraq 18 35 37 126 42 22 52 56 0 N.A. Japan 556 423 161 415 542 1,018 912 909 985 1,200 Kenya 0 0 0 0 0 0 46 27 38 N.A. Malaysia 0 0 0 0 119 105 141 88 29 Morocco 156 157 285 182 153 176 165 55 62 50 Singapore 0 0 0 0 0 37 38 0 14 N.A. Spain 69 53 103 174 159 182 82 98 104 350 Sweden 34 1 15 42 22 10 47 65 56 50 Syria 38 75 21 62 64 87 116 101 107 N.A. United Kingdom 487 79 174 113 70 43 51 29 122 60 United States 3,240 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Yugo- slavia 2 34 11 85 65 67 72 43 12 N.A. Other 583 609 484 306 266 53 333 230 172 128 1. Provisional. 10 Approved For Release 2002/06/04: CIA-RDP79-009 8A000200070002-5 Approved For Release 2002/06/04: CIA-RDP79-00928A000200070002-5 Table 7 Cuba: Imports from Communist Countries Million US $ (c.i.f.) 1958 1961 1963 1965 1967 1969 1971 1972 1973' 1974' Total 2 498 697 649 784 902 969 996 1,225 1,600 USSR Negl. 294 461 428 582 669 731 778 950 1,175 Eastern Europe 2 104 145 98 119 139 143 126 150 225 Albania 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Bulgaria 0 10 5 16 20 26 25 34 32 55 Czechoslovakia 2 29 55 36 36 28 31 33 41 62 East Germany 0 26 36 25 50 43 63 39 50 55 Hungary Negl. 9 12 8 4 3 8 8 7 13 Poland Negl. 21 29 8 7 4 2 2 11 14 Romania Negl. 8 7 4 1 34 13 9 8 25 Far East Negl. 100 91 123 83 94 95 92 125 200 China Negl. 99 87 120 73 80 79 76 100 170 Mongolia 0 Negl. Negl. 0 Negl. Negl. Negl. Negl. Negl. Negl. North Korea 0 1 3 3 10 14 15 15 23 28 North Vietnam 0 0 1 Negl. Negl. Negl. 1 1 2 2 1. Provisional. 11 Approved For Release 2002/06/04: CIA-RDP79-00928A000200070002-5 Approved For Release 2002/06/04: CIA-RDP79-00928A000200070002-5 Table 8 Cuba: Imports from Non-Communist Countries Million US $ (c.i.f.) 1958 1961 1963 1965 1967 1969 1971 1972 1973' 1974' Total 858 209 135 217 215 320 418 301 475 850 Belgium-Luxembourg 14 4 2 6 5 3 5 7 14 50 Canada 20 39 11 15 9 14 27 20 41 85 Egypt Negl. 11 11 11 8 5 5 2 6 4 France 8 8 6 19 41 47 63 20 32 80 Italy 11 4 1 5 31 36 55 13 24 45 Japan 5 12 5 4 9 10 60 49 121 225 Mexico 6 6 2 3 6 Negl. Negl. 14 8 13 Morocco Negl. 2 14 5 5 9 4 2 2 7 Netherlands 8 12 8 6 14 6 16 7 12 35 Spain 14 6 14 47 29 48 33 17 42 60 United Kingdom 24 17 11 50 29 66 61 47 47 60 United States 581 26 Neg1.2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Venezuela 72 Negl. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Negl. West Germany 33 18 12 5 12 30 17 25 36 105 Other 62 44 38 41 17 46 72 78 90 81 1. Provisional. 2. Excluding US ransom payment in kind valued at $35 million. 12 Approved For Release 2002/06/04 : CIA-14DF79:110928A000200070007-5 Approved For Release 2002/06/04: CIA-RDP79-00928A000200070002-5 Table 9 Cuba: Imports, by Major Commodity Category' Million US $ (c.i.f.) 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 Total 1,103 1,222 1,311 1,387 1,297 Foodstuffs 211 216 242 286 294 Raw materials and intermediate goods 284 270 290 295 296 Fuel 93 106 114 127 163 Of which: Petroleum 91 103 110 123 157 Machinery and transportation equipment 292 373 368 390 245 Other (not specified) 223 257 297 289 299 1. A consistent series for 1958-72 is not available. 13 Approved For Release 2002/06/04: CIA-RDP79-00928A000200070002-5 Approved For Release 2002/06/04: CIA-RDP79-00928A000200070002-5 Table 10 Cuba: Imports of Selected Commodities Thousand Metric Tons' 1958 1961 1963 1965 1967 1969 1971 1972 19732 19742 Foodstuffs Rice (milled) 194 N.A. 190 282 157 186 280 256 250 275 Legumes 73 N.A. 64 62 76 81 83 90 90 100 Wheat flour 86 1003 248 231 285 290 346 308 336 312 Lard 82 N.A. 48 39 41 23 26 20 40 40 Canned milk 7 N.A. 17 22 19 17 19 19 20 15 Raw materials and intermediate goods Wheat 139 1923 278 265 300 343 401 476 420 397 Raw cotton 9 153 8 23 17 20 19 19 19 22 Crude vegetable oil 6 N.A. 36 47 51 56 66 54 48 65 Woodpulp 30 N.A. 52 18 35 30 39 31 N.A. N.A. Rubber (natural, re- generated, synthetic) 6 N.A. 6 6 9 9 7 6 N.A. N.A. Sulfur 11 643 46 68 105 124 179 123 1443 1473 Caustic soda 16 143 23 23 29 36 33 19 243 293 Pig iron 0.3 453 25 32 45 81 79 96 108 100 Tin plate 22 N.A. 30 23 43 44 40 39 313 273 Coke 41 103 28 37 46 52 75 88 54 51 Fertilizer 181 N.A. 331 432 1,250 862 614 652 N.A. N.A. Cotton cloth4 N.A. N.A. N.A. 81 50 63 57 53 50 45 Fuel Crude petroleum 3,500 2,980 3,709 3,483 3,713 4,156 4,757 4,749 5,250 5,500 Fuel oil 260 835 159 791 975 995 1,409 1,315 1,400 1,500 Gasoline 125 90 199 120 60 10 86 13 N.A. N.A. Transportation equipments Locomotives 35 N.A. 2 N.A. N.A. 66 7 1 113 53 Automobiles 16,064 N.A. 1,457 N.A. N.A. 747 2,037 1,085 1,5743 2,2353 Trucks 3,195 N.A. 3,354 2,928 2,942 1,712 5,274 3,264 2,8323 2,5253 Buses 76 N.A. 712 430 315 62 998 191 753 723 Tractors 2,408 N.A. 3,443 6,574 6,249 8,828 7,042 3,024 4,0023 3,6863 1. Unless otherwise indicated. 2. Provisional. 3. Imports from the USSR only. 4. Million square meters. 5. Units. 14 Approved For Release 20D-2/06/04 : CIANDP77-UU9T8AI0D2IIITO/01102=5 Approved For Release 2002/06/04: CIA-RDP79-00928A000200070002-5 Table 11 Cuba: Economic Assistance from the USSR Million US $ 1961-67 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 19731 19741 Balance-of-payments aid 1,393 432 494 231 509 631 418 273 Trade deficit with the USSR 1,180 382 436 162 427 534 385 240 Interest charges 59 28 34 45 57 69 02 02 Other invisibles 154 22 24 24 25 28 33 33 Cumulative aid 1,393 1,825 2,319 2,550 3,059 3,690 4,108 4,3813 Sugar subsidy payments4 632 150 86 150 56 -22 95 -325 Total cumulative aid 2,025 2,607 3,187 3,568 4,133 4,742 5,255 5,203 1. Provisional. 2. A Cuban-Soviet agreement of December 1972 exempted Cuban debt from further interest charges. 3. Consisting of (a) an estimated $3.9 billion in direct balance-of-payments assistance, (b) an estimated $450 million in development aid, and (c) an estimated $21 million grant in 1964 following Hurricane Flora. Since Cuba thus far has made no repayment, this sum represents Cuba's debt to the USSR. In 1972 the USSR agreed to postpone the beginning of repayments until 1986. 4. The annual value of sugar subsidy payments is estimated as the difference between the value of sugar exports to the USSR and the value of these exports computed at the average price for Cuban sugar sold on the world market. It is considered a grant by the USSR and is not subject to repayment. 15 Approved For Release 2002/06/04: CIA-RDP79-00928A000200070002-5 Approved For Release 2002/06/04: CIA-RDP79-00928A000200070002-5 Table 12 Cuba: Recent Extensions of Major Non-Communist Trade Credits Donor Country Value (Million US $) Date Authorized Terms Argentina 1,200 Aug 1973 Medium-term credits for a purchase of Argentine industrial and transportation equipment, to be repaid in 8 years from time of delivery. Spain 900 Dec 1974 Trade credits for the purchase of Spanish ships and whole plants. United Kingdom 580 May 1975 Medium-term credits at less than 7-1/2% per year for purchase of British capital goods. France 350 Jan 1975 Medium-term credits for the purchase of French machinery, whole plants, and trans- portation equipment; to be repaid in 10 years. Canada 155 Mar 1975 $100 million credit to be repaid in 10 years at competitive interest rates; $10 million de- velopment loan to be repaid over 30 years at 3% interest and $3 million technical assist- ance grant in February 1975; $24 million in December 1974 and $18 million in April 1974 for purchases of oil tankers and rail equipment. 16 Approved For Release 2002/06/04- CIA-RDP79-0b928A00020007000215 Approved For Release 2002/06/04: CIA-RDP79-00928A000200070002-5 Table 13 Cuba: Country Brief Geography Area 44,200 square miles Capital Havana Other major cities Santiago de Cuba, Camaguey, Nuevitas, Santa Clara, Cienfuegos, Matanzas Chief ports Havana, Mariel, Cienfuegos, Santiago de Cuba, Matanzas, Cardenas People Population 9.25 million (mid-1975) Language Spanish Literacy About 96% Economy GNP growth rate 1961-73, 1.8%; 1968-73, negligible; 1974 provisional estimate, 4%-6% Agriculture Major industries Exports Imports Major trade partners Main crops -- sugar, tobacco, rice, vegetables, citrus fruit Sugar milling, electric power, petroleum refining, nickel mining, food processing, cement $2.7 billion f.o.b. (1974 estimate); sugar, nickel, tobacco, shellfish $2.4 billion c.i.f. (1974 estimate); capital equipment, industrial raw materials, foodstuffs, petroleum Exports -- USSR, Japan, Eastern Europe, People's Republic of China, Canada; Imports ? USSR, Eastern Europe, Japan, People's Republic of China Monetary conversion rate 1 peso equals $1.21 US (nominal) 17 Approved For Release 2002/06/04: CIA-RDP79-00928A000200070002-5 Approved For Release 2002/06/04: CIA-RDP79-00928A000200070002-5 Table 14 Cuba: Trading Enterprises Ministry of Foreign Trade Minister: Marcelo Fernandez Font First Vice Minister: Ricardo Cabrisas Ruiz Vice Minister for Commercial Policies with: Capitalist Countries: Richardo Cabrisas Ruiz Socialist Countries: Herninio Garcia Lazo The USSR: German Amado-Blanco Fernandez Enterprise Director Import ALIMPORT AVIAIMPORT CONSTRUIMPORT CONSUMIMPORT CUBACONTROL CUBAHIDRAULICA CUBAMETALES CUBAPESCA CUBATEX EDUCUBA FECUIMPORT FERRIMPORT MAPRINTER MAQIMPORT MEDICUBA QUIMIMPORT TECNOIMPORT TRACTOIMPORT TRANSIMPORT U.S.I.E. Export CUBAZUCAR CUBANIQUEL CUBAEXPORT CUBATABACO Ricardo Espino Martinez Eduardo Martinez Valdez Olegario Cartelles Jose Luis Mestre Roca Eddy Ramos Lopez Antonio Riambau Martinez Dionisio Arranz Tremols Rolando Alvarez Alvarez Isaac Abascal CoaIla Benito Fernandez Gachassin-Lafitte Portirio Mederos Carolos Rodriguez Benitez Justo Armesto Pons Jose de la Fuente Menendez Orlando Romero Merida Edgardo Machado Flores Jose Enrique Quesada Guido Valiente Romero Antonio Vinagre Roca Roberto Rodriguez Llompart Emiliano Lezcano Viqueira Osmani Martinez Vasquez Tirso Luis Joanicot Alberto Ramos Suco 18 Responsibilities Foodstuffs, livestock Aircraft, navigation equipment Construction equipment Consumer durables Controls, supervises, and in- spects exports and imports Irrigation equipment All metals, wire, fuel Fishing equipment Textiles, cordage, leather Educational equipment Railway equipment Hardware supplies Raw materials and intermediate goods Machinery and equipment Medical equipment Chemicals, fertilizer Technology Agricultural machinery Automotive and transportation equipment Mining and drilling equipment Sugar and sugarcane byproducts Nickel ore Foodstuffs and miscellaneous products Tobacco and tobacco products Approved-For-Release 2002106104: CIA:ROP79-60928A0-0020-0070001-5"