A (ER) 75-60, 'PEOPLES REPUBLIC OF CHINA: FOREIGN TRADE IN MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT SINCE 1952, ' JAN 75

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• Document Creation Date: December 9, 2016
• Document Release Date: October 6, 2000
• Sequence Number: 3
• Publication Date: June 5, 1975
• Content Type: LIST

A (ER) 75
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Research Aid
People's Republic of China:
Foreign Trade in Machinery
and Equipment Since 1952
A (ER) 75-60
January 1975
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ESEA
1 \
CH AID
People's Republic of China:
Foreign Trade in Machinery
and Equipment Since 1952
January 1975
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People's Republic of China: Foreign Trade in Machinery
and Transportation Equipment Since 1952
General Trends
1. Imports of machinery and transportation equipment1 have played a vital role
in expanding and modernizing China's industrial base. The pattern of machinery imports
(see Figure 1) has followed the overall trends in the Chinese economy. Imports of ma-
chinery and equipment grew rapidly during the 1950s with the implementation of the
First Five-Year Plan (1953-57) and the launching of the Great Leap Forward (1958 -
60). Total imports of machinery and equipment reached a peak of $933 million in 1959 (see
Table 1) and then plummeted during the early 1960s to a low of $100 million in 1963.
Table 1
China: Trade in Machinery and Transportation Equipment '
Year
Total
Imports 2
Communist
Non-
Communist
Total
Exports 2
Communist
Million US $
Non-
Communist
1952
193
181
12
2
2
Negl.
1953
276
255
21
2
2
Negl.
1954
381
368
13
47
47
Negl.
1955
411
396
15
58
57
1
1956
545
503
42
52
50
2
1957
566
500
66
33
30
3
1958
715
645
70
40
33
7
1959
933
873
60
59
50
9
1960
840
790
50
30
33
6
1961
272
246
26
71
67
4
1962
102
86
16
70
65
5
1963
100
76
24
70
59
11
1964
162
101
61
62
52
10
1965
302
147
155
62
45
17
1966
433
205
238
71
49
22
1967
335
133
202
92
72
20
1968
235
129
106
97
74
23
1969
214
115
99
88
63
25
1970
398
149
249
91
48
43
1971
4S1
222
259
119
55
64
1972
524
278
246
124
03
61
1973
797
296
501
172
97
753
1 Data are in current US dollars.
2 Data are f.o.b. country of origin.
3 Estimate.
' The terms machinery and transportation equipment, machinery and equipment, and machinery are
used interchangeably throughout this handbook to refer to those commodities included in Section 7 (Machinery
and Transport Equipment) of the Standard International Trade Classification (SITC). Section 7 of the SITC
differs slightly from the Soviet classification Machinery, Equipment, and Transportation Facilities; hence the
data on non-Communist trade are not precisely comparable with the data on trade with the USSR and other
Communist countries. For sources and methods for estimating China's trade in machinery a,nd transportation
equipment with Communist countries and non-Communist countries, see Appendixes A and B, respectively.
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CHINA: Imports1 of Machinery and
Transportation Equipment
,fr?_;urolviins,,UL-v 2
1970
1955
1952 Data are f.o.b. country of origin
2Throughout this handbook, the term
non-Communist countries includes Yugoslavia.
With economic recovery, imports of machinery and equipment rose sharply until
1967. The recovery was cut short by the disruptions of the Cultural Revolution, and ma-
chinery imports again fell in 1967-69. Chinese economic growth in the 1970s has been
accompanied by a new surge in machinery imports. Total imports in 1973 were $797
million?still below the peak level of 1959.
2. Exports of machinery and equipment (see Figure 2) have been less influenced
by the trends in the domestic economy. They have constituted only 2% to 5% of China's
total exports. Much of China's machinery has been exported under aid agreements.
Except for the first half of the 1960s, China's machinery exports have grown steadily
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CHINA: Exportsl of Machinery and
Transportation Equipment
Figure 2
Million $
? 200
otAmtiNgs
100
NIST
NON-c?'".4mU Jo
1g73
1952
564948 1-75
1.955
1960
1 Data are f.o.b. China.
2 Throughout this handbook, the term
non-Communist countries includes Yugoslavia.
as a result of increased PRC aid and expansion of trade relations with the less developed
non-Communist countries
Trade with Communist Countries
3. During the 1950s, more than three-fourths of China's trade was conducted with
other Communist countries, with imports of machinery and equipment rising steadily
from $181 million in 1952 to $873 million in 1959. During 1952-59 the USSR and East-
ern Europe accounted for 93% of China's total machinery imports. The machinery
component of China's imports from the Communist countries jumped quickly from about
one-fifth of the total in 1952 to more than three-fifths by the end of the period
(see Table 2).
4. The withdrawal of Soviet technicians in mid-1960 was a serious shock to the
Chinese economy, already overstrained by the Great Leap Forward. Imports of ma-
chinery from the Communist countries dropped sharply after 1960 and hit a low of
$76 million in 1963. Machinery purchases rebounded with the economic recovery in the
mid-1960s. After a decline during the Cultural Revolution machinery imports from the
Communist countries have been growing since 1969, but they are still well below the
peak levels of the late 1950s.
5. Despite the shift in PRC trade away from the Communist countries, the
USSR and Eastern Europe continue to be important sources of machinery and equip-
ment. For 1961-73 one-half of China's machinery imports were from the Communist
world. From 1952 to 1960 the USSR was the principal supplier, accounting for 60%
of Communist machinery exports to the PRC. For most years since 1960, Eastern
Europe has surpassed the USSR as a source of machinery and equipment, supplying
more than 70% of these imports from the Communist world in 1965-73. East Germany
has been China's leading source of machinery in Eastern Europe, with machinery con-
stituting perhaps 90% of China's total imports from that country. Closer ties with Ro-
mania since 1970 have boosted China's machinery imports from that country.
6. The composition of China's machinery imports from the Communist countries
has shifted somewhat over the years. For the USSR (see Table A-3) the most significant
change has been in complete plant imports. Equipment for whole plants dominated
Chinese machinery imports from the USSR from 1952 to 1960, then fell sharply, and
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able
China: Share of Machinery and Transportation Equipment in
Trade with the Communist Countries
Year
Total
Communist
Imports
USSR
Eastern
Europe
Total
Communist
Exports
USSR
Percent
Other'
Communist
1952
22
28
15
N egl.
N egl.
0
1953
29
21
50
Negl.
N egl.
0
1954
20
26
70
6
2
44
1955
30
31
70
6
2
45
1956
56
12
75
1
41
1957
57
50
80
3
1
27
1958
59
50
80
2
N egl.
26
1959
64
63
85
3
1
23
1960
61
62
85
2
N egl.
18
1961
34
29
85
7
N egl.
25
1962
18
12
90
6
2
19
1963
18
22
70
7
2
16
1964
26
43
70
7
2
14
1965
28
40
65
7
Negl.
14
1966
40
.19
85
8
N egl.
16
1967
39
50
80
IS
N egl.
22
1968
38
95
80
15
N egl.
23
1%9
39
79
75
13
N egl.
20
1970
39
64
70
10
N egl.
16
1971
44
A
70
9
N egl.
17
1972
52
76
70
8
Negl.
17
1973
42
it
65
10
N egl.
17
Including Eastern Europe for 1963 and 1964.
has disappeared in recent years. Imports of oil drilling equipment from the USSR have
also been phased out since 1960. Soviet transport equipment has remained important.
China continues to purchase Soviet trucks and has imported many Soviet aircraft since
1970.
7. Commodity detail on China's machinery imports from Eastern Europe is much
less complete. Available information for various years (see Table A-4, A-5, and A-6)
and from trade agreements show that China imports a wide range of machinery from
Eastern Europe. Whole plants were an important category during the 1950s. Other
major items imported from Eastern Europe include transport equipment, mainly trucks
and ships; machine tools; electric generating equipment; and construction equipment.
S. Until recently the bulk of China's machinery exports have gone to the Commu-
nist countries (see Tables 1 and A-1). They have never accounted for more than 15%
of China's total exports to Communist countries (see Table 2) and most have been pro-
vided under aid programs (see Table A-1). Chinese assistance to North Korea and
N orth Vietnam began late in the 1950s. Aid to Albania began in the early 1960s,
after that country allied itself with China in the Sino-Soviet dispute. China exported
machinery to Cuba during 1962 to 1965, a period when Peking competed with Moscow
as an aid donor. A good part of the Chinese exports of machinery and equipment has
probably been equipment for complete plants. Other machinery exports have included
trucks, other transportation equipment, textile machinery, simple machine tools, and
agricultural machinery.
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ewt mmittrs
9. The low levels of imports from 1952 to 1955 reflect the embargo on trade with
the PRC and China's close economic ties with the Communist countries (see Table 1).
Imports in the latter half of the 1950s picked up as Western restrictions on trade
with China were relaxed. Until the early 1960s machinery imports from the West re-
mained a small fraction of the total and consisted primarily of items that China could
not obtain from the Communist countries.
10. With its economy on the upswing China turned to the West in 1964 as a source
of modern machinery and technology. Purchases of whole plants boosted China's ma-
chinery imports from the West during this period. Following a decline due to the
Cultural Revolution, imports of machinery from the West exceeded those from the
Communist countries in every year but one after 1969.
11. Virtually all of China's imports of machinery and transportation equipment
from the West have come from the developed countries. Japan has been the largest
supplier since 1963 (see Table B-2). France and West Germany are the major sup-
pliers among the West European countries, with the United Kingdom, Italy, Switzerland
and Sweden also being important sources. Of the less developed countries, Morocco has
sold many trucks to China in some years and Pakistan made a large one-time sale of
used aircraft in 1970.
12. China imports a wide range of machinery and transportation equipment from
the West (see Table B-1). The principal categories since 1963 have been metalworking
machinery, pumps, bearings, and transport equipment. Imports of transport equip-
ment shot up rapidly after 1969 as part of China's program to upgrade its transport
sector.
13. China's exports of machinery and equipment to the non-Communist countries
were fairly small until 1963. Since then machinery exports have been on an upward
trend reflecting China's growing relations with the less developed countries (see
Table 1). Most of China's machinery exports to non-Communist countries go to the
Third World under aid programs. Major types of machinery exported by China (see
Table B-3) have included machine tools, textile machinery, bicycles, and some whole
plants. Deliveries for the Tanzam Railroad, China's largest single aid project, have
increased exports of railroad equipment, trucks, and construction machinery since 1970.
Trade in Constant Prices
14. Calculating the value of China's imports of machinery and equipment in
terms of 1957 US dollars (see Appendixes A and B) does not appreciably alter the
overall monetary pattern of China's machinery trade. The largest changes occurred in
imports from the non-Communist countries in the 1970s when inflation and devalua-
tion of the US dollar had a strong effect on the dollar value of imports (see Table 3).
The constant dollar series shows that the real value of machinery imports from the
West actually declined in both 1971 and 1972 and that imports from the Communist
countries in 1971-72 exceeded those from the non-Communist countries.
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Table 3
China: Trade in Machinery and Transportation Equipment in
Constant 1957 US Dollars
Imports
Ex ports '
Million US $
Non-
Non-
Year
Total
Communist 2 Communist3
Total
Communist
Communist
1952
195
181 14
2
2
N egl.
1953
280
255 25
2
2
Negl.
1954
383
368 15
47
47
N egl.
1955
413
396 17
58
57
1
1956
547
503 44
52
50
2
1957
566
500 66
33
30
3
1958
713
645 68
40
33
7
1959
931
873 58
59
50
9
1960
836
790 46
39
33
6
1961
270
246 24
71
67
4
1.962
101
86 15
70
65
5
1963
98
76 22
70
59
11
1964
159
101 58
62
52
10
1965
293
147 146
62
45
17
1966
415
205 210
71
49
22
1907
306
133 173
92
72
20
1968
219
129 90
97
74
23
1969
199
115 84
88
63
25
1970
356
149 207
91
48
43
1971
418
222 196
119
55
64
1972
431
254 177
124
63
61
1973
574
233 341
172
97
754
' The series for Chinese exports are the same as the current US dollar series. For
methodologies, see Appendixes A and B.
, The series for imports from the Communist countries is the same as the current value
series except for 1972-73, see Appendix A.
Imports from the non-Communist countries have been deflated into 1957 US dollars
by the method described in Appendix B.
Estimate.
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Appendix A
Sources and Methods for Estimating China's Trade in Machinery
and Transportation Equipment with the
Communist Countries
USSR
Data on Chinese imports and exports of machinery and equipment are from the
official Soviet trade handbooks and are converted into US dollars at the official
commercial rate for each year. Totals for imports and exports are the values given for
the Soviet trade classification category Machinery, Equipment, and Transport Facilities.
Commodity detail is presented according to the Soviet trade nomenclature system.
Because the commodity detail in the Soviet handbooks is not sufficiently dis-
aggregated, it is not possible to convert these data to the Standard International Trade
Classification (SITC). The Soviet trade classification includes some items such as
instruments and abrasives in the machinery and equipment category which are excluded
in the SITC. Although the level of commodity detail does not permit subtracting
these items from USSR imports, their values have probably been small and do not affect
the comparability of Soviet and SITC data significantly.
Eastern Europe
Data on China's machinery and equipment trade with Eastern Europe is much less
detailed than with the USSR. Detailed commodity information on machinery exports
to China are available for three countries and only for some years?Czechoslovakia,
1967-73; Hungary, 1952-59; and Poland, 1953 and 1958-68. For the other East
European countries and for other years, the official trade handbooks provide totals
for Chinese imports and exports and limited information on selected items of ma-
chinery often given in volume but not value terms. As with the USSR, values from the
East European handbooks are converted into US dollars at the official commercial
exchange rate for each year. For 1952-53, the value of China's imports of machinery
from Eastern Europe is based on the statement in an official Chinese source 2 that in
1953 machinery accounted for about 51% of Chinese imports from Eastern Europe
and that this was nearly four times the level of 1952. For 1954 on, China's imports of
machinery and equipment from Eastern Europe have been estimated as a percent-
age of total exports from Eastern Europe to China. For Czechoslovakia, Hungary, and
Poland, the data noted above were used to estimate the share of machinery in exports
to China by these countries. For the other three countries, information from trade agree-
ments and other sources indicates that machinery also makes up a large percent-
age of their exports to China. For example, a 1958 Soviet article on Sino-East European
trade estimated that 90% of East German exports to China in the 1950s were ma-
chinery and equipment.3 The estimates of the share of machinery in China's total imports
from Eastern Europe are shown in Table A-2.
Other Communist Countries
Data on China's exports of machinery and equipment to Albania, Cuba, and the
Far Eastern Communist countries are lacking and even information on total Chinese
exports and imports with these countries is incomplete. Estimates for China's ma-
2 Hsin-hua pan yueh-kan (New China Semimonthly) No. 9, 1953, p. 167.
3 From "Economic Cooperation of the People's Republic of China With the European People's Democ-
racies," Vneshnaya Torgovlya, Vol. XXVIII, No. 10, Moscow, October 1958, pp. 2 9.
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chihery exports to the other Communist countries are only rough approximations.
Estimates of China's machinery exports to the Far Eastern Communist countries
and Cuba are based on the assumption that one-half of Chinese aid to these
countries each year has consisted of deliveries of machinery and equipment. During
the 1950s only the Far Eastern Communist countries were receiving Chinese aid.
Chinese machinery exports in 1952-53 were probably negligible because economic re-
construction was just getting under way in China. For 1954-73, China's trade surplus
with these countries is assumed to represent deliveries under aid agreements. In
1960, China extended a $60 million credit to Cuba for the construction of complete
plants and other technical aid. This credit was drawn between 1961 and 1965.
Since then Chinese exports of machinery to Cuba have probably been negligible. China's
economic relations with Albania only became significant after 1960. China exports a
wide range of goods to Albania including foodstuffs, metals, industrial raw ma-
terials, and machinery. Machinery and transportation equipment are estimated to
constitute 20% of China's total exports to Albania since 1962.
Trade in Constant Prices
As a first approximation and until further research can be done, it has been
assumed that prices of machinery and equipment in trade between China and other
Communist countries have been constant. The only adjustment has been for the devalu-
ation of the US dollar since 1971; this adjustment in China's imports from Commu-
nist countries is noted in the following tabulation:
Million US $
1972
Total
USSR
Eastern
Europe
Current value
278
92
186
Constant value
254
84
170
1973
Current value
296
101
195
Constant value
233
83
150
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Table A-1
China: Trade in Machinery and Transportation Equipment with the
Communist Countries
Million US $
Year
USSR
Imports I
Eastern
Europe 2
Total
USSR
Exports '
Eastern
Europe 2
Other
Communist 3
Total
1952
157
24
181
2
2
1953
161
94
255
2
....
2
1954
199
169
368
10
37
47
1955
230
166
396
10
47
57
1956
305
198
503
9
41
50
.1957
272
228
500
6
24
30
1958
318
327
645
4
29
33
1959
597
276
873
12
38
50
1960
504
286
790
1
32
33
1961
108
138
246
Negl.
67
67
1962
27
59
86
9
56
65
1963
42
34
76
7
4
48
59
1964
58
43
101
6
3
43
52
1965
77
70
147
....
45
45
1966
86
119
205
Negl.
49
49
1967
25
108
133
....
72
72
1968
15
114
129
74
74
1969
22
93
115
63
63
1970
16
133
149
48
48
1971
55
167
222
55
55
1972
92
186
278
63
63
1973
101
195
296
97
97
' Data are f.o.b, country of origin.
2 Includes Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Hungary, Poland, and Romania.
3 Includes Albania, Cuba, North Vietnam, North Korea, and Mongolia.
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able
China: Imports of Machinery and Transportation Equipment from Eastern Europe, as a Share of Total Impoes1
Value in Million US $
Eastern
Europe 2
Bulgaria
Czecho-
slovakia
East
Germany
Hungary
Poland
Romania
1952 Total imports
155
1
55
55
21
24
Negl.
Imports of machinery and
transportation equipment
24
Negl.
8
8
6
2
Negl.
Percent
15
Negl.
15
15
29
10
Negl.
1953 Total imports
189
5
61
60
30
31
2
Imports of machinery and
transportation equipment
94
1
30
42
18
6
1
Percent
50
20
50
70
60
19
50
1954 Total imports
241
4
64
100
31
37
5
Imports of machinery and
transportation equipment
169
1
38
90
22
16
3
Percent
70
25
60
90
71
43
50
1955 Total imports
237
5
58
97
36
35
6
Imports of machinery and
transportation equipment
166
N egl.
35
87
26
14
3
Percent
70
10
60
90
72
40
50
1956 Total imports
264
5
65
95
31
50
18
Imports of machinery and
transportation equipment
198
1
52
86
19
27
15
Percent
75
20
80
90
61
54
85
1957 Total imports
285
4
81
106
29
45
20
Imports of machinery and
-,ransportation equipment
228
Negl.
73
95
20
27
19
Percent
80
10
90
90
69
60
95
1 958 Total imports
409
11
109
133
58
72
26
Imports of machinery and
transportation equipment
327
4
104
126
21
47
25
Percent
80
36
95
95
36
65
95
1959 Total imports
325
6
100
107
40
43
29
Imports of machinery and
transportation equipment
276
3
95
102
14
26
27
Percent
85
50
95
95
35
60
95
1960 Total imports
337
8
109
97
40
50
33
Imports of machinery and
transportation equipment
286
4
104
92
16
35
31
Percent
85
50
95
95
40
70
95
1961 Total imports
162
8
34
55
29
27
9
Imports of machinery and
transportation equipment
138
4
32
52
17
25
8
Percent
85
50
95
95
60
93
90
1962 Total imports
66
3
12
22
12
15
2
Imports of machinery and
transportation equipment
59
2
11
20
6
15
1
Percent
90
50
90
90
50
100
50
1963 Total imports
48
1
9
10
3
11
14
Imports of machinery and
transportation equipment
34
Negl.
8
9
2
8
7
Percent
70
Negl.
90
90
50
73
50
Pootnmses at end of table.
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Approved For Release 2001/03/0&be C*5079-00928A000100110003-0
China: Imports of Machinery and Transportation Equipment from Eastern Europe, as a Share of Total Imports1
Value in Million US $
Poland Romania
Eastern
Europe 2
Bulgaria
Czecho-
slovakia
East
Germany
Hungary
1964 Total imports
62
2
9
16
4
15
16
Imports of machinery and
transportation equipment
43
1
8
14
2
7
11
Percent
70
50
90
90
60
47
70
1965 Total imports
107
1
19
26
15
19
27
Imports of machinery and
transportation equipment
70
1
17
23
9
10
10
Percent
65
50
90
90
60
53
37
1966 Total imports
140
2
22
36
16
30
34
Imports of machinery and
transportation equipment
119
1
20
32
11
22
27
Percent
85
50
90
90
70
73
80
1967 Total imports
135
2
19
34
12
29
39
Imports of machinery and
transportation equipment
108
1
14
31
9
24
31
Percent
80
50
74
90
75
83
80
1968 Total imports
143
2
24
37
14
25
41
Imports of machinery and
transportation equipment
114
1
19
33
9
19
31
Percent
80
50
79
90
65
76
75
1969 Total imports
124
2
26
30
10
18
38
Imports of machinery and
transportation equipment
93
1
19
27
6
10
30
Percent
75
50
73
90
60
56
SO
1970 Total imports
190
1
31
42
18
26
72
Imports of machinery and
transportation equipment
133
1
26
38
11
21
30
Percent
70
50
84
90
60
81
42
1971 Total imports
239
8
34
44
17
37
99
Imports of machinery and
transportation equipment
167
5
28
40
10
33
55
Percent
70
60
82
90
60
89
56
1972 Total imports
265
5
29
48
33
28
122
Imports of machinery and
transportation equipment
186
3
23
43
20
23
65
Percent
70
60
79
90
60
82
53
1973 Total imports
300
8
40
50
40
33
129
Imports of machinery and
transportation equipment
195
5
29
45
24
24
71
Percent
65
60
72
90
60
73
55
1 Data for total Chinese imports are from the official trade handbooks of the individual countries for most years. Percent data in
boldface type has been calculated from data on China's machinery and transportation equipment imports for that year as reported
by the trading partner. All other percents are estimates which were used to derive the value of machinery and transportation equip-
ment imports.
2 Because total Eastern Europe percentages have been rounded to the nearest 5 percent, machinery and transportation equipment
imports for the individual countries may not add to the totals shown.
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Approved For Release 2001/03/03 : CIA-RDP79-00928A000100110003-0
Table A-3
China: Imports of Machinery and Transportation Equipmen nm the USSR'
Thousand US $ >
-0
USSR Nomenclature
Machinery, equipment, and transportation facilities
1952
1953
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
(1)
156,535
161,191
198,650
229,549
304,718
271,530
317,929
597,460
503,868
108,079
27,324
42,184
57,710
76,988
86,209
24,614
14,898
21,580
16,380
54,638
91,754
101,139
Metal processing equipment (10)
3,010
4,923
3,454
7,025
6,606
4,488
1 ,631
68
258
459
5,356
7,720
771
247
1,140
1,396
3,839
5,254
1,872
Of which:
Metal cutting machine tools (100)
....
....
....
2,098
4,327
2,873
7,025
6,606
3,358
967
68
258
424
3,322
7,720
771
247
1,140
1,396
3,839
5,254
1,872
Power and electrical engineering equipment (11)
6 ,651
9 ,602
14 ,398
13 ,582
10 ,346
7 ,852
12 ,381
24 ,424
21 ,448
8 ,629
1 ,353
772
699
2 ,100
2 ,771
820
378
627
1 ,997
1 ,654
12 ,763
17 ,272
Of which:
Power engineering equipment (110)
1,633
2,125
7,640
8,138
7,248
3,941
9,654
18,641
5,645
2,077
523
487
333
1,508
1,109
449
177
1
657
9,273
16,975
Electrical engineering equipment (111)
5,018
7,45..1..
6,75..8..
5,443
3,097
3,912
2,727
5,783
....
....
Mining, metallurgical, and petroleum equipment (12)
....
16 ,258
20 ,107
14 ,762
11 ,619
8 ,843
7 ,625
1 ,861
73
702
840
960
2,463
530
330
171
166
99
Of which:
Equipment for geological survey, engineering,
and petroleum and gas extraction (128)
13,159
19,506
12,790
10,890
7,601
6,221
689
2
113
754
863
1,697
530
330
171
166
99
Material handling equipment (13)
1 ,891
1 ,506
2,222
3,463
1 ,847
4 ,956
1 ,457
176
63
79
21
956
542
3,000
970
386
535
3
Food and light industry equipment (14)
307
127
253
207
571
147
251
....
6
22
.3
4
....
....
....
....
....
Equipment for chemical, paper, and construction
industries (15)
....
....
....
8,309
8,646
8,157
6,834
9,866
11,828
2,386
377
430
896
8,884
8,159
399
281
898
82
34
928
125
Equipment for complete industrial installations(16)
40 ,654
49 ,271
93 ,067
141 ,486
216 ,928
209 ,004
166 ,144
399 ,721
373 ,806
78 ,901
8 ,844
14 ,568
12 ,428
3 ,903
256
1 ,667
308
????
....
....
Instruments, laboratory and medical equipment,
bearings, and abrasives (17)2
3 ,368
5,795
6 ,723
7,948
8,055
10 ,928
12 ,858
14 ,191
12 ,909
3,337
2,077
3 ,132
5 ,183
9 ,090
6 ,452
1 ,829
1 ,861
651
353
2 ,456
2 ,459
1 ,074
Of which:
Bearings (173)
1,014
2,611
3,757
2,373
1,332
1,933
1,738
5,069
3,591
1,963
728
690
1,158
210
397
347
250
208
47
1,926
2,104
824
Tractors and agricultural machinery and equipment
(18)
10,461
9,235
2,455
19,824
8,505
9,102
1,811
1,560
7,542
7,108
12,845
14,631
2,481
2,907
3,678
2,220
3,578
3,012
3,094
Of which:
Tractors and spare parts (180)
8,725
7,042
1,802
12,468
4,333
5,682
1,061
1,087
6,787
6,875
10,344
14,275
2,072
2,786
3,193
1,960
3,216
2,491
2,639
Agricultural machinery (181)
1,514
2,022
532
7,086
3,961
3,048
330
14
290
172
2,462
356
409
121
484
260
362
520
455
Transportation facilities and auxiliary equipment
(19)
23 ,353
20,872
7,142
68,684
113,278
53,526
7,334
12,299
14 ,173
29,539
32,716
41 ,483
14 ,549
7,849
10 ,725
8 ,588
41 ,378
64 ,498
73,092
Of which:
Railroad rolling stock and equipment (190)
411
1,563
316
5,032
74,647
5,432
352
....
47
46
....
....
....
Motor vehicles (191)
22,628
16,324
5,200
61,589
33,595
44,906
6,558
10,099
11,525
9,861
18,923
27,076
3,818
5,794
5,533
3,780
7,623
10,995
16,874
Vessels and port equipment (192)
314
2,932
1,625
2,065
4,718
3,188
424
226
194
28
....
....
....
....
....
....
Air transportation facilities (193)
....
-
????
---
1,974
2,407
19,604
13,780
14,398
10,728
20,054
5,192
4,808
33,754
53,502
52,219
Other machinery and transportation equipment 3
105 ,862
96 ,523
84 ,462
2 ,944
3 ,973
5 ,301
8 ,890
9 ,608
4 ,033
481
497
538
457
1 ,110
1 ,314
1 ,026
737
690
608
1 ,214
2 ,305
4 ,607
1 Data are from the official Soviet trade handbooks, Vneshnyaya torgovlya, SSR and are presented according to the Soviet trade nomenclature with category numbers in
parentheses. Ruble values have been converted to US dollars at the official exchange rate for each year. Data are f.o.b. the Soviet border.
2 Some items in this category are not included in machinery and equipment in the Standard International Trade Classification (SITC). However, their value is probably not
large.
3 The total of machinery and transportation equipment as given in the handbook less the individual commodities reported.
13
0-?0001.1.001.000V9Z600-6/dC1N-V10
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Table A-4
China: Imports of Machinery and Transportation Equipment from Czechoslovakia '
SITU Nomenclature
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
Thousand US $
1972 1973
Machinery and transport equipment (7)
13 ,761
18 ,789
18 ,787
26,320
27 ,782
22 ,748
28 ,990
Non-electric machinery (71)
3 ,631
6 ,761
7 ,513
8 ,796
15 ,120
9 ,961
9 ,399
Of which:
Metalworking machinery (715)
3,631
5,856
4,669
6,212
11,898
5,697
6?571
Electric machinery (72)
1,356
2 ,671
2,099
6,665
4,531
4,272
8,950
Of which:
Electric power machinery and switch-
gear (722)
1,356
2,671
2,099
6,665
1,531
4,272
8,950
Transport equipment (73)
6 ,169
7 ,835
9 ,099
10 ,308
8 ,083
8 ,400
10 ,565
Of which:
Road motor vehicles (732)
6,169
7,835
9,099
10,308
8,083
8,400
10,565
Other machinery and transport equipment 2
2 ,605
1 ,522
76
551
48
115
76
1 Data are from Facts on Czechoslovak Foreign Trade, various years, published by the Chamber of Commerce of
Czechoslovakia. The source lists commodities according to SITC. SITC codes are in parentheses. Values are converted from
Czechoslovak crowns to US dollars at the official commercial exchange rate for each year. Data are f.o.b. the Czechoslovak
border.
2 The total of machinery and transportation equipment as given in the source less the individual commodities
reported.
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Approved For Release 2001/03/06 : CIA-RDP79-00928A000100110003-0
Table A-5
China: Imports of Machinery and Transportation Equipment from Poland'
Thousand US $72.1
USSR Nomenclature
Machinery, equipment, and transportation facilities
(1)2
Metal processing machinery (10)
Of which:
Metal cutting machine tools (100
Power and electrical engineering equipment (11)
Of which:
Power engineering equipment (110)
Mining, metallurgical, and petroleum equipment
(12)
Material handling equipment (13)
Food and light industry equipment (14)
Equipment for chemical, paper, and construction in-
dustries (15)
Equipment for complete industrial installations (16)
Instruments, laboratory and medical equipment,
bearings, and abrasives (17)3
Of which:
Electrical measuring instruments 1170)
Tractors and agricultural machinery and equipment
(18)
Of which:
Tractors and spare parts (180)
Agricultural machinery (1811
Transportation facilities and auxiliary equipment
(19)
Of which:
Railroad rolling stock and equipment (190)
Motor vehicles (191)
Vessels and port equipment (192)
1958
47,223
2,905
2,648
4,900
4,697
6,086
82
4
2,014
5,090
1,900
1,313
9,213
3,685
5,528
15,029
1,059
5,616
8,325
1959
25 ,558
2,926
2.737
2,383
2.106
6,360
71
....
1 ,146
7 ,404
550
208
1 ,197
1,193
3,521
2,852
512
157
1960
34,880
1,601
1.506
1,763
1,707
67
348
....
1 ,988
19,670
407
168
1 ,814
1,814
7,222
5,163
1,924
131
1961
24 ,986
774
756
4,472
4,469
23
25
????
569
15 ,667
270
38
1 ,534
1,434
100
1,652
1,080
208
364
1962
14 ,686
....
1,021
965
58
118
50
261
8,522
186
148
30
30
4 ,440
18
60
4,362
1963
8 ,064
70
70
16
....
2 ,762
70
70
242
242
4,904
....
619
4,285
1964
6 ,946
61
61
190
1,199
930
269
5 ,496
1,318
4,178
1965
10 ,140
353
353
1 ,132
1.132
178
389
85
70
489
489
7,514
3,266
4,248
1966
21 ,722
2,728
2,728
1,441
1,441
4 ,814
309
134
10
325
56
269
11,971
....
3,930
8,041
1967
23 ,743
587
552
4,305
4,305
5 ,609
3 ,993
313
8 ,936
877
8,059
1968
19 ,405
2,126
1,987
1,882
I , 882
3,960
9 ,774
245
245
....
1,418
????
434
984
0
CD
a.
TI
0
-1
X
CD
c7
su
0
cco
IV
0
0
-%
-.......,
-.......,
04
0
0
....4
CID
1_
CD
CD
Co
>
0
0
C)
1 Data are from official Polish trade handbooks. Statystyka handlu zagranicznego for 1958-63 and Rocznick statystyczny handlu zagranicznego for 1964-68 and are presented
according to the Soviet trade nomenclature with category numbers in parentheses. Values have been converted from Polish zlotys to US dollars at the official commercial"
exchange rate for each year. Data are f.o.b. the Polish border.
a
2 Tc,-tals for machinery and equipment and for the two-digit categories are the sums of the individual co MM o d i ties reported in the handbooks. a
3 Some items in this category are not included in machinery and transport equipment in the Standard International Trade Classification. However, their value is probably not large.8
6
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Table A-6
China: Imports of Machinery and Transportation Equipment from Hungary
USSR
Machinery, equipment, and transportation
1952
1953
1954
1955
1956
1957
Thousand US $
1958 1959
facilities (1)2
6,378
18 ,407
22 ,164
25 ,973
18 ,652
19,992
21,342
14,299
Metal processing machinery (10)
2,204
3,128
802
255
901
2 ,090
2 ,993
713
Of which:
Metal cutting machine tools (100)
2,204
3,128
802
255
901
2,090
2,993
713
Power and electrical engineering equipment
(11)
1 ,235
579
2 ,375
6 ,428
3 ,874
Mining, metallurgical, and petroleum equip-
ment (12)
551
637
3,096
2,880
590
Of which:
Equipment for geological survey, engi-
neering, and petroleum and gas ex-
traction (128)
83
539
1,940
243
590
Material handling equipment (13)
595
503
26
573
Food and light industry equipment (14)
Equipment for chemical, paper, and con-
struction industries (15)
185
764
1,571
3,301
3,662
2,828
2,422
3,692
Equipment for complete industrial installa-
tions (16)
Instruments, laboratory, and medical equip-
ment, bearings, and abrasives (17)3
1 ,051
1 ,387
710
547
62
Tractors and agricultural machinery and
equipment (18)
577
2,479
1,110
2,007
4 ,101
6,093
4,663
5,030
Transportation facilities and auxiliary equip-
ment (19)
1,215
9,509
14 ,849
15,175
8 ,755'
6,606
4,836
990
Of which:
Railroad rolling stock and equipment
(190)
1,460
Motor vehicles (191)
1,174
6,378
8,961
7,585
4,408
4,546
4,548
990
Vessels and port equipment (192)
1,423
714
765
' Data are from official Hungarian statistical handbooks, Statisztikai evkonyv, and are presented according to the Soviet trade nomen-
clature with category numbers in parentheses. Values have been converted from Hungarian forints to US dollars at the official
commercial exchange rate for each year. Data are f.o.b. the Hungarian border.
2 Totals for machinery and transportation equipment and for the two-digit categories are the sums of the individual commodities
reported in the handbooks.
3 Some items in this category are not included in machinery and transport equipment in the Standard International Trade Classifica-
tion. However, their value is probably not large.
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Approved For Release 2001/03/03 : CIA-RDP79-00928A000100110003-0
Appendix B
Sources and Methods for Estimating China's Trade in Machinery
and Transportation Equipment with the
Non-Communist Countries
This Appendix contains data on China's trade in machinery and transportation
equipment with the non-Communist countries and a methodology for deflating cur-
rent values of this trade into constant 1957 dollar values. The data are compiled
from publications of the US government, the United Nations, and the Organization
for Economic Cooperation and Development, and from official statistics of China's
trade partners.
Tables B-1 and B-2 present current value data on China's imports of machin-
ery, by commodity and by country of origin, respectively. Table B-3 provides a com-
modity breakdown on the current values of China's machinery exports. Tables B-4
and B-5 present two methods of constructing price indexes of China's machinery
imports. Table B-6 provides information on converting China's exports from c.i.f.,
country of destination to f.o.b., China. In Table B-7 current values of China's imports
of machinery are deflated into constant 1957 dollar values.
A Paasche index of the prices China pays for machinery is used to deflate the current
values of China's imports into constant 1957 dollar values. The formula for a Paasche
price index normally is presented as a weighted average of price relatives or as a
weighted aggregative: 4
?P101) (1310%1)
Pi
E PlicIti
where: lower case letters "p" and "q" refer to prices and quantities of the items in the
sample, denoted by subscript "i," and superscripts "0" and "1" are the base (1957)-
and current-years, respectively. The Paasche rather than the Laspeyres index of
prices is used to deflate imports because dividing current values of imports by the
Paasche index yields the value of current quantities imported at 1957 prices:
E Pilqii
E
- E pi"go-
The weighted average of price relatives and the weighted aggregative are un-
suitable in the above forms for construction of a Paasche price index for China.
Since neither price nor quantity data?only current values?are available on China's
trade in machinery and transportation equipment, it is convenient to use the following
algebraically identical form of the Paasche index, which reduces to the weighted
aggregative:
_
z
piOqil
E (PI:1) Ptplqiiglii plOgil
E
1 For further details, see Bruce D. Mudgett, Index Numbers (New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1951,
and Irving Fisher, The Making of Index Numbers (Boston: Iloughton Mifflin Company, 1922).
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ApproodiFfgReleasqh2R9tigaM 4,PIATRP 1?)71P?-oomin pp? Qs.' istogato
share of each item in the total value of the sample (pilqiI/
?%) ?.
Current value
data can be derived directly from trade data, but price relatives must be estimated.
Ideally, a price index for China's imports of machinery should be estimated from
trading partner export price indexes and the value of China's imports on a country-
by-commodity basis. If these data were available for each country from which China
imports machinery, an index of the export prices of each category of machinery could
be weighted by the value of China's imports in that category. Such an estimate would
take account of exchange rate fluctuations and price changes for individual types of
machinery in the various countries. Only one assumption would be required: that
China is a price-taker. While China is not a monopsonist vis-a-vis the world,
MACHIMPEX, the foreign trade corporation that handles all of China's trade in ma-
chinery, is a monopolist vis-a-vis internal consumers and probably derives some
monopsonist powers from the ability to offer potentially large markets to individual
firms.
Unfortunately, data are not available on a country-by-commodity basis. For
that reason, two separate methods of estimating price relatives each taking account
of different factors that determine prices?are given in Tables B-4 and B-5. The
first method (Index I) uses US wholesale prices for various types of machinery and
transport equipment as estimates of price relatives, and it takes account of price
variations between machinery commodities. The second method (Index II) uses ma-
chinery export unit value indexes of countries that are major suppliers of machinery
to China (as estimates of price relatives) and takes account of variations in the
rates of inflation and in the exchange rates between countries, but not of variations
in prices between commodities.
For the indexes to reflect accurately the changes in the prices of machinery that
China imports, the assumptions underlying each must be valid. Index I assumes that
exporting nations compete perfectly in all lines of machinery production, and thus that
US wholesale price indexes are representative of changes in world export prices for ma-
chinery. In addition, because of the high elasticity of substitution between competing
types of machinery, price trends for similar types of machinery are correlated.
Hence, even if China's imports of machinery are not of the same quality as those
types of machinery produced in the United States, the price trends will be similar. Index
II assumes that each exporting country is completely specialized in the production
of different lines of machinery and that export price levels in different countries
move independently of one another because of variations in economic cycles and in the
exchange rates. Hence, China's import price index will rise or fall, depending on
whether the share of imports from higher priced suppliers increases or decreases,
respectively.
Neither set of assumptions is completely true, yet each has some measure of
validity. Because the United States is the world's largest producer of machinery and,
until recently, the largest exporter, US wholesale price indexes reflect trends in
world prices. On the other hand, if exporting nations were perfectly competitive in
all lines of machinery production, export price indexes would be the same for all
countries (assuming other factors such as transportation costs were equal). The fact
that unit value indexes for machinery exports differ substantially between countries
(see Table B-5) suggests that countries specialize to some degree in producing differ-
ent types of machinery.
China has allowed politics to "take command" in the choice of trade partners.
For instance, as a result of the "Nagasaki flag incident" in May 1958, China cut off
virtually all trade with Japan. In so doing, China eliminated for a time one of the lowest
19
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rs2irf&tMnsy! N93:1/Raiis??aidc*PetTIR-219a2usi-Ma?9110991n1,9903-0
economic considerations to influence the direction of trade.
As indicators of price trends, unit value indexes generally are less reliable than
true price indexes: much depends on the units used and the comparability of the
commodities from which an average (unit) value is derived. Unit value indexes may
be biased to the high side during periods of great technological change, since such
changes may result in improved quality (and higher prices) not reflected in the
units compared. This is a particular problem in the case of machinery unit value
indexes, where a great variety of machines may be subsumed under a general classifi-
cation, even at the most detailed level of specifications.
For these reasons the true index of China's import prices for machinery and trans-
portation equipment probably lies somewhere between Indexes I and II. The final
price index used to deflate China's imports is the result of arbitrarily assigning
twice as much significance to the commodity weighted price index as to country
weighted unit value index (see Figure B-1). This methodology, although somewhat
subjective, is probably more reliable than obtaining sketchy price data on a small
sample of machines which may or may not be comparable over time.
Unfortunately the methodology used to deflate China's imports of machinery
would not be valid if extended to China's exports. US wholesale prices probably
have little relationship to the prices at which China sells machinery. Machinery import
unit value indexes for countries that import China's machinery reflect prices of im-
ports from industrialized countries, not from China. In the absence of specific informa-
tion on export prices for China's machinery, China's machinery export prices are
assumed to have remained stable over much of the period.
Approved For Release 2001/03/0)3 : CIA-RDP79-00928A000100110003-0
Approved For Release 2001/03/03 : CIA-RDP79-00928A000100110003-0
CHINA: Comparison of Paasche Price Indexes
for Imports of Machinery and Transportation Equipment'
PRICE INDEX
(1957=100)
Deflating
Index 2
Price Index I
(weighted by commodity)
Price Index II
(weighted by country of origin)
564964 1-.7
1960 1965
1 Data are from Table 6-7.
The Paasche price index used to deflate China's imports of machinery is
a weighted average of Indexes I and II, giving twice the weight to Index I.
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Approved For Release 2001/03/03 : CIA-RDP79-00928A000100110003-0
Table B-1
China: Imports of Machinery and Transportation Equipment from Non-Communist Countries,
by Commodity Groups of the SITC
Thousand US $
>
73
72,
0
CD0-
-11
0
CD
CD
C,)
CD
(h)
(h)
0
CD6
CoCD
SITC Nomenclature 2
Machinery and transport equipment 3 (7)
Nonelectric machinery (71)
Power generating (711)
Internal-combustion engines (711.3; .4)
Agricultural (712)
Office (714)
Metalworking (715)
Textile and leather (717)
Special purpose (718)
Printing and bookbinding (718.2)
Food-processing (718.3)
Construction and mining (718.4)
Appliances and parts, nes. (719)
Pumps and centrifuges (719.2)
Mechanical handling equipment (719.3)
Power tools (719.52; .53)
Bearings (719.7)
Taps, cocks, and valves (719.92)
Transmission equipment (719.93)
Electric machinery (72)
Power and switchgear (722)
Electricity distributing (723)
Telecommunications (724)
Household (725)
Medical and radiological (726)
General purpose (729)
Transport equipment (73)
Railway vehicles (731)
Road motor vehicles (732)
Motorless road vehicles (733)
Aircraft (734)
Ships and boats (735)
1952
11,965
8,314
167
0
1,491
29
? .??
444
5
3,352
177
17
86
56
1
0
1953
20,893
12,747
1,026
1
2,337
1,303
605
6
7,358
446
0
282
164
0
1954
13,309
5,232
198
0
206
34
1,508
782
736
100
44
3,124
353
25
4,270
0
324
342
0
3,600
1955
15,035
6,222
178
0
199
62
1,316
3,106
223
745
83
2,695
238
214
253
4,815
61
343
357
4,024
1956
41,555
22,920
3,068
4,898
661
952
4,848
2,287
1,939
1,195
. ? ?
166
6,565
814
134
895
12,016
60
7,625
2,948
1,294
1957
65,757
48,669
1,769
1,858
128
4,327
3,453
27,686
26,247
3,677
2,589
9,905
4,526
408
1,281
7,183
130
4,302
1,387
0
1,294
1958
69,698
51,009
3,239
3,806
77
5,924
4,715
5,828
4,594
14,599
12,472
11,871
3,586
1,163
1,170
6,818
150
5,440
767
451
1959
60,500
46,779
1,205
223
1,149
__
9,724
4,445
21,855
28
4,069
3,031
32
1,802
9,359
3,140
308
1,441
4,362
1,952
1,781
498
1960
49,600
25,690
3,172
440
480
391
12,748
1,267
3,152
104
54
2,535
2,885
851
-
54
1,426
9,000
767
436
2,247
14,910
10,928
1,918
1,916
1961
25,577
13,101
1,207
82
965
536
1,959
3,029
822
41
3,289
373
944
20
672
5,781
1,373
462
978
283
6,695
3,545
1,358
1,778
1962
15,588
8,021
489
334
117
25
1,109
852
1,034
0
58
3,408
743
165
626
444
4,807
993
39
1,238
1,096
2,760
14
2,670
? ? ? ?
73
1963
23,747
8,498
2,231
2,214
1,109
76
1,441
882
645
21
87
429
2,114
477
66
414
172
107
5,474
189
56
933
2,396
9,775
6
1,094
8,460
78
1964
61,359
32,247
1,096
965
1,474
386
7,899
6,931
3,764
234
32
3,270
10,774
2,085
534
824
745
273
13,538
512
172
2,127
7,047
15,574
24
5,342
3,931
6,135
1965
155,047
104,130
3,952
3,668
11,971
1,079
17,991
9,658
15,681
894
70
13,708
44,498
9,730
3,488
2,220
968
1,077
33,728
5,562
786
4,705
14,627
17,189
793
10,977
704
4,397
1966
237,635
149,418
14,913
14,368
2,362
2,472
31,847
13,209
17,807
2,106
118
12,691
66,808
10,604
3,106
16,728
1,986
787
36,886
3,006
589
6,035
15,593
51,331
3,467
31,373
356
????
15,368
1967
201,887
130,431
9,209
5,185
262
2,538
51,790
4,745
8,276
832
146
2,024
53,611
8,054
8,468
4,385
8,460
459
28,430
6,580
796
3,501
10,697
43,026
997
20,579
233
20,741
1968
105,951
69,715
2,875
2,134
46
2,278
30,265
2,139
2,817
1,121
7
1,078
29,295
5,113
2,486
3,732
10,210
678
15,566
2,775
874
967
5,623
20,670
1,959
12,434
13
3,232
2,923
1969
98,642
67,012
4,752
4,246
1,413
265
23,523
1,862
4,475
1,042
0
2,658
30,722
8,040
1,513
3,759
11,234
510
1,836
12,089
1,858
1,427
1,480
587
4,450
19,541
4,928
13,079
240
387
851
1970
248,972
122,922
5,018
4,856
2,514
280
46,555
564
16,245
1,102
11
12,990
51,746
16,260
4,431
5,634
17,080
717
419
15,599
2,644
1,564
1,556
369
4,715
110,451
9,588
65,964
610
18,618
14,720
1971
259,247
146,186
9,467
9,120
1,117
90
62,598
583
16,909
209
10
16,527
55,422
9,136
6,986
2,964
30,654
709
2,091
12,258
4,553
292
1,337
461
2,429
100,803
2,715
88,308
1,181
2,379
4,869
1972
245,769
111,929
25,310
16,267
5,246
342
22,699
1,583
16,163
320
35
15,586
40,586
7,328
756
3,349
17,872
3,653
1,315
22,566
5,518
492
5,805
1,243
6,139
111,274
44,022
31,703
1,429
5,469
21,281
19734
501,200
185,400
31,600
900
700
19,700
10,600
17,000
104,900
45,400
12,500
600
13,500
Negl.
1,700
17,200
270,400
30,900
60,400
Negl.
63,000
79,900
' Data are derived from annual Summary Tables, Exports to and Imports from Communist Areas in Eastern Europe and Asia, and Cuba by
Free World Countries, prepared by US Department of Commerce, International Trade Analysis Staff (ITAS). Data reflect China's imports, f.o.b.,
country of shipment. With minor exceptions, trade partner data refer to mainland China and exclude Outer Mongolia, Taiwan, Hong Kong, and
Macao. Yugoslavia is included in the Free World in all years. Re-exports from Hong Kong to China are excluded and those from the United King-
dom and other countries included. Because commodity detail is not reported by all countries, values are necessarily understated. For additional
specific information concerning trade partners and coverage see the source.
2 Data are arranged according to Section 7 of the Standard International Trade Classification (SITC), revised edition, with all two-
and three-digit (division and group) categories delineated. Some four- and five-digit categories relevant to the construction of a price index
are also shown. SITC nomenclature has been paraphrased, and SITC index numbers are provided in parentheses as a reference to more
precise descriptions. The table is not exhaustive: data are the sums of values for specified machinery-data for "other and unspecified"
categories of the summary tables are included at the lowest identifiable levels of the SITC and are not broken out as additional sub-
categories. As a result, data represent minimum values and may not add to totals shown at the next higher divisions. Ellipsis marks (....)
indicate that machinery imports, if any, were recorded under "other and unspecified" categories. Reporting on specific machinery under SITC
718, 719. and 729 varied, and may not be comparable from year to year.
23
3 In addition to the types of machinery and transportation equipment presented, the Soviet trade classification system includes trade
in professional and scientific instruments, roughly equivalent to SITC 861. For purposes of comparison, data on China's imports of
professional and scientific instruments from non-Communist countries are as follows (in thousand US 8)
1952
1953
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
1960
1961
1962
2,734
9,427
3,228
2,469
7,953
8,985
6,489
3,774
5,224
1,883
736
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
2,318
7,802
18,741
24,947
20,308
15,978
11,589
11,190
5,262
6,883
4 Data for 1973 are estimates based on official data of leading suppliers of machinery and equipment to China.
Ch)
6
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Table B-2
China: Imports of Machinery and Transportation Equipmen
rom Non-Communist Countries,
by Country of Origin I Thousand US $
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
Total 2
15,035
41,555
65,757
69,698
60,500
49,600
25,577
15,588
23,747
61,359
Of which:
Japan
2,082
12,113
7,636
4,304
46
89
336
1,519
4,376
19,167
France
97
5,401
7,333
4,146
1,408
8,999
6,328
398
563
3,072
West Germany
902
5,826
6,881
17,818
12,821
11,605
2,285
2,174
2,006
8,957
United Kingdom
568
5,0343
3,782
11,247
8,610
15,228
5,960
3,723
13,762
17,759
Italy
33
90
327
2,926
759
766
1,205
569
249
1,192
Switzerland
2,427
4,424
5,252
6,077
8,728
1,655
1,142
443
462
2,284
Sweden
472
1,420
23,5234
7,505
5,173
3,984
1,968
1,125
446
958
Finland
7,060
1,754
2,745
1,340
14,330
302
203
33
52
14
Norway
o
12
o
401
19
1,830
1,686
016
2,396
Denmark
30
569
315
2,949
343
542
2,637
3,256
288
9163
Austria
122
963
1,563
3,978
4,372
187
71
120
109
184
Netherlands
45
51
1,134
749
438
708
556
126
640
839
Belgium-Luxembourg
466
1,517
3,759
2,228
1,321
1,337
622
373
74
225
Yugoslavia
0
942
145
60
o
0
o
o
0
0
Malaysia/ Singapore
0
o
196
379
o
0
0
o
0
o
Morocco
o
0
o
0
230
161
422
1,662
633
3,451
Canada
o
o
o
0
17
o
4
186
o
0
Pakistan
o
0
o
o
0
o
0
0
o
o
United States
o
0
o
o
0
o
o
0
o
o
I Data for individual countries are derived principally from tables in the Country-by-Commodity Series, Exports to and Imports
from Communist Areas in Eastern Europe and Asia, and Cuba by Free World Countries, prepared by US Department of Com-
merce, International Trade Analysis Staff (ITAS). Data reflect China's imports, f.o.b., country of origin. With minor exceptions,
trade partner data refer to mainland China and exclude Outer Mongolia, Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Macao. Yugoslavia is included
in the Free World for all years. For additional specific information concerning trade partners and coverage see the source.
2 Totals are from US Department of Commerce, Summary Tables as presented in Table B-1. Data for exporting countries may
not sum to totals shown because: (1) only those countries which exported US S 1 million or more of machinery in at least one
year are presented in Table B-2; (2) the ITAS does not publish its tables for countries whose total trade with Communist countries
is less than a standard minimum; (3) the ITAS occasionally revises data after publication of the Country-by-Commodity Series
and prior to compilation of the Summary Tables. For the latter two reasons, data from the Country-by-Commodity Series were
compared with United Nations' and OECD statistics and amended by reference to primary sources as noted below. Totals for 1973
are from Country-by-Commodity Tables available at time of printing. Although re-exports from the United Kingdom and other
countries are included in the totals, the re-exports from Hong Kong are excluded because inclusion might result in double-counting.
Hong Kong's re-exports of machinery and transportation equipment to China are as follows (in thousand US $):
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
1960
1961
1962
1963
573
1,437
1,347
3,490
1,624
1,784
1,463
1,251
603
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
811
696
377
467
275
211
579
913
1,062
25
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
155,047
237,635
201,887
105,951
98,642
248,972
259,247
245,769
501,192
Total 2
Of which:
61,819
46,922
38,789
29,278
44,378
114,273
89,725
75,421
179,099
Japan
16,198
49,111
34,998
15,711
12,191
45,040
82,981
27,760
46,699
France
20,302
50,136
44,769
27,336
12,547
19,538
25,994
44,697
45,265
West Germany
27,032
41,652
28,032
6,977
5,926
9,485
17,221
27,369
66,550
United Kingdom
8,431
14,748
15,324
7,214
10,346
13,421
14,176
20,136
28,456
Italy
7,207
11,580
10,965
7,830
4,922
9,681
8,813
6,502
10,048
Switzerland
2,735
9,230
14,258
5,773
5,118
3,990
3,235
4,086
2,634
Sweden
452
1,812
1,754
499
769
3,693
1,903
3,987
1,974
Finland
0
3,051
1,826
o
665
6,099
2,888
9,5015
3,157
Norway
1,591
2,298
3,528
7456
681
2,947
738
5,640
2,047
Denmark
395
924
6,477
2,530
494
1,088
465
1,157
1,445
Austria
8,202
5,364
753
488
273
8256
253
380
2,724
Netherlands
586
548
217
506
233
124
157
24
772
Belgium-Luxembourg
0
0
o
o
0
348
1,613
13,490
30,100
Yugoslavia
o
0
0
250
93
40
341
444
3,025
Malaysia/Singapore
95
o
139
680
o
o
8,193
4,331
6,896
Morocco
1
213
58
108 6
0
1096
481
260
1,088
Canada
o
o
o
0
o
18,249
68
0
N.A.
Pakistan
0
0
o
o
o
0
0
2,0157
68,7567
United States
3 Great Britian, Customs and Excise Department, Statistical Office, Annual Statement of the Overseas Trade of the United
Kingdom, Vol. IV, (London, 1956).
4 Sweden, Statistiska centralby-ran, Utrikeshandel 1957, manadsstatistik (Foreign Trade 1957, Monthly Bulletin), (Stockholm,
December, 1957). Data in CoAntry-by-Commodity Series revised downward from US $26,140,000.
5 Norway, Statistisk Sentralbyra, Manedsstatistikk Over Utenrikshandelen (Monthly Bulletin of External Trade), (Oslo, Decem-
ber, 1972). Country-by-Commodity Series' figure of US $7,819,000 based on incorrect Kroner/Dollar conversion factor.
6 United Nations, Statistical Office, Commodity Trade Statistics According to the Standard International Trade Classification,
Series D, (New York). Data not published in Country-by-Commodity Series.
7 US, Bureau of the Census, US Exports-World Areas, Country, Schedule B Commodity Groupings, and Method of Transportation,
Report FT 455. Annual, (Washington, D.C.I.
Approved For Release 2001/03/03 : CIA-RDP79-00928A000100110003-0
Table B-3
China: Exports of Machinery and Transportation Equipment to Non-Communist Countries,
by Commodity Group of the SITC 1
Thousand US $
SITC Nomenclature 2
1952
1953
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973 3
Machinery and transport equipment 4
(7)
89
44
155
1,506
2,476
2,843
7,081
9,546
6,610
4,170
5 ,444
11 ,073
10 ,051
17 ,839
22,231
20 ,117
23 ,702
26 ,197
44,534
65,432
62,601
75 ,000
Nonelectric machinery (71)
31
27
113
1,154
1,449
1,959
3,998
5,152
3,311
1,727
2 ,013
2,947
3,359
6,929
9,591
8,975
9,981
10 ,621
21,449
33,094
31,475
????
Power generating (711)
0
0
0
10
4
2
52
179
127
6
1
111
0
195
828
1,357
452
477
760
2,213
2,825
Agricultural (712)
0
0
0
0
0
0
7
4
36
7
0
0
6
0
0
11
7
177
367
155
Office (714)
2
5
10
13
56
22
75
35
38
48
15
19
72
76
98
123
157
234
190
265
337
Metalworking (715)
0
0
0
58
12
130
423
815
1,007
436
327
699
1,187
1,063
1,371
1,372
1,767
1,998
2,342
2,860
4,032
Textile and leather (717)
924
1,298
1,454
2,897
2,875
1,480
540
800
982
1,447
4,101
4,186
3,218
5,219
5,704
6,267
6,622
7,422
Special purpose (718)
97
72
135
173
80
91
40
87
68
44
170
162
144
141
5,426
6,717
5,465
Appliances and parts, n.e.s.(719)
7
2
42
59
200
101
666
255
509
795
1,049
585
1,444
2,938
2,743
2,231
2,060
6,287
14,050
11,239
Electric machinery (72)
28
12
22
224
845
666
2 ,093
2,577
2 ,013
1,666
1,545
2,434
3,452
6,407
8 ,029
8,494
7,417
9 ,106
12,867
15,814
16,749
Power and switchgear (722)
74
142
33
16
14
35
116
528
891
787
974
1,458
2,621
3,876
4,418
Electricity distributing (723)
????
????
318
158
146
76
50
808
752
851
Telecommunications (724)
286
392
287
65
8
101
190
373
436
510
559
643
652
1,090
1,422
Household (725)
? ???
663
929
1,100
735
1,115
988
1,461
1,480
Medical and radiological (726)
General purpose (729)
???
??
???
..? ?
? .
....
....
1
1
274
18
24
147
178
1,200
1,282
2,240
3,121
Transport equipment (73)
6
4
0
126
173
218
989
1 ,817
1 ,269
777
1 ,886
5 ,678
1,688
3 ,598
4 ,611
2,648
4,221
4 ,778
10 ,217
16,524
14,377
Railway vehicles (731)
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
0
0
0
1,256
4,632
0
953
1,318
0
32
22
2,294
6,881
4,977
Road motor vehicles (732)
2
0
0
0
12
4
28
79
232
106
24
4
79
214
335
33
53
78
3,664
4,358
2,641
Motorless road vehicles (733)
0
0
0
125
161
205
919
1,486
960
510
532
614
670
1,996
1,896
2,255
3,227
3,554
4,048
5,162
6,583
Aircraft (734)
0
0
0
....
....
....
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
Ships and boats (735)
4
4
0
0
0
0
0
0
263
330
0
0
0
0
1
Data are derived from annual Summary Tables, Exports to and Imports From Communist Areas in Eastern Europe and Asia,
and Cuba by Free World Countries, prepared by US Department of Commerce, International Trade Analysis Staff (ITAS). Data
reflect China's exports, c.i.f., country of destination. With minor exceptions, trade partner data refer to mainland China and exclude
Outer Mongolia, Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Macao. Yugoslavia is included in the Free World in all years. Because commodity detail
is not reported by all countries, values are necessarily understated. For additional specific information concerning trade partners
and coverage see the source.
2 Data are arranged according to Section 7 of the Standard International Trade Classification (SITC), revised edition, with all
two- and three-digit (division and group) categories delineated. SITC nomenclature has been paraphrased, and SITC index numbers
are provided in parentheses as a reference to more precise descriptions. The table is not exhaustive: data are the sums of values for
specified machinery-data for "other and unspecified" categories of the summary tables are included at the lowest identifiable levels
of the SITC and are not broken out as additional subcategories. As a result, data represent minimum values and may not add to
totals shown at the next higher divisions. Ellipsis marks (....) indicate that machinery exports, if any, were recorded under "other and
unspecified" categories. Reporting on specific machinery under SITC 718, 719, and 729 varied, and may not be comparable from
year to year.
27
3 Datum for 1973 is an estimate based on official data of major importers of machinery and equipment from China.
I In addition to the types of machinery and transportation equipment presented, the Soviet trade classification system includes
trade in professional and scientific instruments, roughly equivalent to SITC 861. For purposes of comparison, data on China's
exports of professional and scientific instruments to non-Communist countries are as follows (in thousand US 8):
1952
54
1963
137
1953
1954
1955
1956
69
16
17
56
1964
1965
1966
1967
264
883
797
1,121
1957
1958
1959
1960
1961
1962
120
216
296
230
1,67.5
160
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1,051
1,254
1,793
1,916
2,267
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Table B-4
Index I: A Paasche Index of Prices for China's Imports of Machinery and Transportation Equipment:I
US Wholesale Price Indexes 2 for Machinery and Transportation Equipment Weighted by Current Values of China's Imports
1957=100
1952
1953
1954
1955
1956
1057
1958
1959
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
Machinery and transport equipment
81.9
83.1
84.8
87.7
94.5
100.0
102.6
105.4
105.8
105.5
105.2
104.4
107.1
109.8
111.9
115.6
119.4
123.3
125.7
132.7
136.3
Nonelectric machinery (SITC 71)
82.2
82.9
82.5
86.2
94.3
100.0
102.6
105.8
107.9
108.2
108.9
109.8
113.2
115.1
118.3
122.6
127.1
130.9
139.6
144.5
147.0
Agricultural (BLS 111)
91.1
91.6
91.5
92.2
95.6
100.0
104.1
107.4
109.4
111.4
113.7
115.4
117,2
119.4
123.0
197.1
132.0
137.9
143.6
148.9
155.4
Construction (BLS 112)
78.5
80.8
82.4
85.7
92.8
100.0
103.8
107.5
109.8
111.6
111.9
113.8
116.6
119.7
123.4
127.9
135.2
140.7
147.7
155.2
160.7
Metalworking (BLS 113)
79.4
80.6
81.9
86.2
94.3
100.0
102.5
104.9
108.0
109.0
110.8
111.2
113.3
116.5
121.8
126.9
132.0
136.8
144.7
148.9
152.5
General purpose (BLS 114)
77.7
79.4
81.3
84.9
93.6
100.0
101.5
104.9
105.8
105.0
105.5
106.0
106.6
107.3
112.1
116.0
119.8
124.0
131.9
138.2
142.0
Special industry (BLS 116)
79.0
80.8
82.0
85.9
93.6
100.0
103.2
106.2
108.9
109.6
111.2
113.5
115.5
117.8
122.0
127.4
134.0
140.1
147.5
154.0
157.6
Miscellaneous (BLS 119)
82.3
84.3
86.6
89.0
94.3
100.0
102.1
102.9
103.4
104.6
104.9
105.2
106.2
106.9
108.2
111.1
115.9
120.1
125.4
130.2
133.6
Electric machinery (SITC 72)
80.7
83.0
84.6
86.0
92.8
100.0
102.1
103.6
103.2
101.9
100.3
99.3
98.7
98.7
100.8
103.7
105.1
106.7
110.4
113.6
114.5
Electrical (BLS 117)
80.7
83.0
84.6
86.0
92.8
100.0
102.1
103.6
103.2
101.9
100.3
99.3
98.7
98.7
100.8
103.7
105.1
106.7
110.4
113.6
114.5
Transport equipment (SITC 73)
88.4
87.9
88.1
90.7
95.9
100.0
103.2
105.5
103.9
103.6
103.7
102.8
103.4
103.7
103.8
105.3
108.4
111.8
115.2
120.9
131.8
Motor vehicles (BLS 141)
88.3
87.9
88.1
90.7
95.9
100.0
103.2
105.5
103.9
103.7
103.7
102.8
103.4
103.6
103.7
105.2
108.1
110.1
114.1
120.6
124.1
Railroad equipment (BLS 144)
88.9
87.9
88.1
90.7
95.8
100.0
103.1
105.5
103.9
103.6
104.0
104.0
104.0
104.5
104.7
107.2
110.5
116.6
123.4
129.8
137.9
The price indexes for China's imports of machinery and transportation equipment (in boldface type) are
calculated by the Paasche weighting formula:
1
psi -
Epi? pilqil
pil E pilgil
where Pui is the Paasche index number, subscript "i" is the commodity sample, lower case letters "p" and "q"
refer to prices and quantities, and superscripts "0" and "1" refer to base- and current-years, respectively. An
inverse price relative (pi? pd) is multiplied by the current value (p,1q11) of China's imports for each commodity
in the sample divided by the SUM of current values (E p1lq111 for all commodities in the sample.
The US Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) wholesale price indexes are used as estimates of price relatives
(pi' p10). To construct the subaggregate price indexes for nonelectric machinery, electric machinery, and
transport equipment (SITC divisions 71, 72, and 73), appropriate BLS indexes are weighted by current values
obtained from Table B-1 for the SITC equivalent as follows:
Nonelectric machinery:
BLS 111:
SITC 712
BLS 112:
SITC 718.4
BLS 113:
SITC 715
BLS 114:
SITC 719.2,719.3,719.7,719.92,719.93
BLS 116:
SITC 717,718.2,718.3,719.52,719.53
BLS 119:
SITC 711.3,711.4,714
Electric machinery:
BLS 117: SITC 72
Transport equipment:
BLS 141: SITC 732,733
BLS 144: SITC 731
29
The subaggregate indexes are then reweighted by the current value of imports for each SITC division to form
the aggregate price index for China's imports of machinery and equipment.
The aggregate price index .1s constructed from the subaggregate indexes for SITC divisions, rather than directly
from the BLS indexes, because value data are most complete at the division level. Value data for some BLS
categories are only partially available for early years. Where data are unavailable, a zero value weight is
assigned. As a result, the sample size for BLS categories ranges between 33% and 95% of the total imports of
machinery and transportation equipment, and it averages 71% of the total. At the division level, however, the
value weights average more than 99% of the total imports of machinery and transportation equipment. Since
price trends for BLS categories within each division are highly correlated, reweighting the indexes for
nonelectric machinery, electric machinery, and transport equipment gives the proper emphasis to each of
these in the aggregate price index.
2 US wholesale price indexes are from US Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, Handbook of
Labor Statistics 1973, (Washington, D.C. 1973), p. 317, 319. Index numbers for "Special industry machinery
and equipment" (BLS 116) and "Railroad equipment" (BLS 144) from 1952 to 1960 are estimated, using
1967-based data. Index numbers for BLS 116 are annual averages of BLS 112 and 113. For BLS 144, a factor
of 0.9807 is applied to the original index for motor vehicles (BLS 141). The base year of 1967 in the source is
converted to 1957 by simple division.
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Table B-5
Index II: A Paasche Index of Prices for China's Imports of Machinery and Transportation Equipment:1
Unit Value Indexes for Machinery Exports of China's Trading Partners 2
Weighted by Current Values of China's Imports
1957=100
1955
1956 1957
1958
1959
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
China
92.7
96.0 100.0
103.2
102.9
108.7
112.9
110.0
108.4
101.2
98.7
115.0
119.1
113.0
106.6
109.7
131.3
143.5
154.8
Japan
US 8
86.5
89.3 100.0
108.6
111.3
108.9
99.4
96.1
89.3
80.3
77.8
77.7
82.1
81.4
85.6
88.2
94.3
106.8
124.0
Yen
86.8
89.6 100.0
108.6
111.2
108.5
100.0
95.7
89.8
80.0
-78.0-
77.7
82.1
81.4
-85.6-
88.2
92.0
91.4
93.9
France
US
111.5
114.3 100.0
104.1
104.0
119.4
124.1
126.8
130.1
136.9
148.9
157.5
164.6
164.0
166.4
170.2
189.2
207.7
237.4
Franc
93.0
-95.3- 100.0
121.6
129.2
139.5
-144.8--
147.9
152.0
159.8
174.0
-185.3-
193.7
192.9
203.2
225.1
250.2
249.6
274.4
West Germany
US
94.0
97.3 100.0
105.3
105.5
107.4
114.8
119.3
123.2
123.3
125.3
130.8
133.0
132.0
138.0
152.1
168.8
194.7
258.8
Deutsche mark
94.3
97.2 100.0
104.8
104.8
-106.7-
109.1
-113.5-
116.6
116.8
119.4
124.6
126.7
125.7
128.4
132.5
140.3
147.7
150.9
United Kingdom
US
90.6
93.2 100.0
101.2
101.1
105.6
106.7
109.8
112.8
113.5
117.2
121.3
124.2
116.7
119.5
128.6
143.5
158.3
167.8
Pound
92.4
95.7 100.0
103.3
105.4
107.6
108.7
112.0
115.2
116.3
119.6
123.9
128.3
139.1
142.4
-153.3-
168.6
180.9
192.2
Italy
USS
102.8
96.1 100.0
96.1
96.6
102.4
106.3
104.8
108.7
110.4
105.7
104.7
109.0
109.0
110.5
120.4
130.5
143.6
152.5
Lira
102.8
96.1 -100.0-
95.9
90.7
101.7
105.6
104.1
108.3
110.3
105.6
-104.7-
109.0
109.0
110.5
120.4
129.5
134.1
142.3
Switzerland
US 8
97.9
97.9 100.0
100.5
100.2
100.4
102.3
108.2
113.5
120.6
122.6
128.3
133.4
136.5
139.6
149.8
166.3
195.9
263.9
Swiss Franc
97.9
97.9 100.0
101.1
98.9
11100.9
103.0
109.1
114.3
121.5
123.6
128.7
133.8
136.9
140.0
150.3
159.4
174.6
186.6
Sweden
US S
92.5
96.7 100.0
103.2
105.1
108.2
111.4
114.4
118.5
123.6
129.0
132.5
141.1
145.3
150.5
158.9
174.5
202.3
235.3
Krona
92.6
96.8 100.0
103.2
105.3
108.4
111.6
114.7
118.9
124.2
128.4
132.6
141.1
145.3
150.5
158.9
172.6
186.3
197.9
1 The price index for China's imports of machinery and transportation equipment is calculated by the
Paasche weighting formula:
1
poi =
pio pilqil
pil
where: p111 is the Paasche index number, subscript "i" indicates the country sample, lower case letters
"p" and "q" refer to prices and quantities, and superscripts "0" and "1" refer to base- and current-
years, respectively. An inverse price relative (p10 p')is multiplied by the current value (p11qi1) of China's
imports of machinery and transportation equipment from each country in the sample divided by the sum
of current values (1 pAil) of imports from all countries in the sample.
Unit value indexes (in US dollar equivalents) for exports of machinery and transportation equipment
by China's trading partners are used as estimates of price relatives (pil 'pio). Current value weights for
China's imports from each country in the sample are obtained directly from Table B-2. The country
sample consists of the seven largest suppliers of machinery and transportation equipment to China,
accounting for more than 85% of China's imports from non-Communist countries. Other suppliers are
not included in the sample because China's imports are too small for a unit value index of machinery
exports from those countries to be very representative of the prices China pays.
2 Unit value indexes for exports of machinery and transportation equipment are shown both in
national currency units and in US dollar equivalents. Official source indexes are linked and converted
to a 1957 base by simple division. (Dashes on both sides of an index number indicate the year in which
two indexes are linked). The indexes in national currency units are then multiplied by indexes of the
exchange rate of US dollars to national currencies to convert to US dollar equivalents. The exchange
rate indexes, not shown, are constructed from International Monetary Fund trade conversion rates
for 1966 to 1973 and from spot exchange rates prior to 1966, as found in International Financial
Statistics. Indexes in national currencies are derived from the following official statistics:
Japan: 1955-69: Office of the Prime Minister, Bureau of Statistics, Japan Statistical Yearbook; 1969-73:
Ministry of International Trade and Industry, International Trade Policy Bureau, Monthly
Foreign Trade Statistics. The Japanese index is a price, rather than a unit value, index.
France: Institut National de la Statistique et des Etudes Economiques, Annuaire
Statistique de la France (Annual Statistics of France), and Bulletin Mensuel de
Statistique (Monthly Bulletin of Statistics). France only publishes a volume
index for machinery exports, not a unit value index. The unit value index in
the table is derived by dividing an index of the total value of French exports
of machinery and transport equipment by the volume index.
West Germany: Statistisches Bundesamt, Aussenhandel: Foreign Trade, Series 5:
Special Trade according to the Classification for Statistics and Tariffs (CST).
United Kingdom: 1970-73: Department of Trade and Industry, Trade and Industry;
1955-70: Board of Trade Journal.
Instituto Centrale di Statistica, Statistics Annuale del Commercio con l'Estero
(Annual Foreign Trade Statistics), Vol. 1.
Switzerland: 1955-71: Eidgenossischen Statistischen Amt, Statistisches Jahrbuch der
Schweiz-Annuaire Statistique de la Suisse (Statistical Yearbook of Switzerland);
1971-73: Eidgenossischen Volkswirtschaftsdepartement, Die Volkswirtschaft:
Wirtschaftliche und sozialstatistische Mitteilungen (The Economy: Economic
and Social Statistical Report), (Bern, June 1974), p. 385. The index for years
prior to 1960 is only approximately comparable to the index for later years be-
cause of the lack of an official link between 1959 and 1960. The UN, Yearbook
of International Trade Statistics, Table D (New York, 1966), p. 35 shows an
increase of approximately 2% in the price of Switzerland's exports of manufac-
tured goods between 1959 and 1960; the 2% figure is used to link the index for
machinery exports in this table.
Sweden: National Institute of Economic Research, The Swedish Economy (Stockholm).
The Swedish unit value index is for SITU 71 and 72 and does not include
SITC 73. Index number for 1973 is an estimate based on the average of the
index numbers for the 2d and 3d quarters.
31
0-?0001.1.001.000V9Z600-6/dC1N-V10 : ?0/?0/1.00Z aseeieN .10d peA0.1ddV
Approved For Release 2001/03/03 : CIA-RDP79-00928A000100110003-0
Table B-6
China: Exports of Machinery and Transportation Equipment
to Non-Communist Countries, C.I.F. Country of
Destination and F.O.B. China
Exports, C.I.F.'
Thousand US $
Exports, F.O.B.2
1952
89
86
1953
44
43
1954
155
150
1955
1,506
1,462
1956
2,476
2,403
1957
2,843
2,760
1958
7,081
6,875
1959
9,546
9,268
1960
6,610
6,417
1961
4,170
4,049
1962
5,444
5,285
1963
11,073
10,750
1964
10,051
9,758
1965
17,839
17,319
1966
22,231
21,583
1967
20,117
19,531
1968
23,702
23,012
1969
26,197
25,434
1970
44,534
43,273
1971
65,432
63,526
1972
62,601
60,778
19733
75,000
75,000
Current value data, c.i.f., are from Table B-3.
2 Insurance and freight charges are estimated to be 3% of
the value of machinery exported based on freight charges of
$65 to $75 per short ton of machinery (see National Council for
US-China Trade, Special Report No. 9: Sino-US Air and Sea
Freight Rates, Washington, D.C., 1974, pp. 22, 90) and an
average value of $2,500 per ton of machinery (estimated from
unit values for US machinery and transportation equipment
in US Bureau of Census, Report FT 455, 1972 Annual, US
Exports-World Areas, Country, Schedule B Commodity
Groupings and Method of Transportation, Washington, D.C.,
1973. Insurance rate is nominal. Charges are assumed to be
constant.
3 Estimated.
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Table B-7
China: Imports of Machinery and Transportation Equipment from Non-Communist Countries
in Current and Constant US Dollars '
Year
(1)
Imports, f.o.b.
(Thousand
current US$)
(2)
Price
Index I
(1957=100)
(3)
Price
Index II
(1957=100)
(9)
Deflating
Index
(1957 = 100)
(5)
Imports, f.o.b.
(Thousand
1957 US $)
1952
11,965
81.9
84.8
82.9
14,433
1953
20,893
83.1
87.4
84.5
24,725
1954
13,309
84.8
90.0
86.5
15,386
1955
15,035
87.7
92.7
89.4
16,818
1956
41,555
94.5
96.0
95.0
43,742
1957
65,757
100.0
100.0
100.0
65,757
1958
69,698
102.6
103.2
102.8
67,800
1959
60,500
105.4
102.9
104.6
57,839
1960
49,600
105.8
108.7
106.8
46,442
1961
25,577
105.5
112.9
108.0
23,682
1962
15,588
105.2
110.0
106.8
14,596
1963
23,747
104.4
108.4
105.7
22,466
1964
61,359
107.1
101.2
105.1
58,382
1965
155,047
109.8
98.7
106.1
146,133
1966
237,635
111.9
115.0
112.9
210,483
1967
201,887
115.6
119.1
116.8
172,848
1968
105,951
119.4
113.0
117.3
90,325
1969
98,642
123.3
106.6
117.7
83,808
1970
248,972
125.7
109.7
120.4
206,787
1971
259,247
132.7
131.3
132.2
196,102
1972
245,769
136.3
143.5
138.7
177,195
1973
501,192
143.1
154.8
147.0
340,947
' Data for each column are derived as follows:
(1) Current value data are from Table B-1.
(2) Price Index I is from Table B-4. Index number for 1973 is estimated.
(3) Price Index II is from Table B-5. Index numbers for 1952 to 1954 are estimated.
(4) The actual Paasche price index used to deflate China's imports of machinery is a
weighted average of Indexes I and II, giving twice the weight to Index I (see preface to Appendix B).
(5) Import values in constant 1957 dollars are equal to column (1) divided by column (4)
times 100.
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