SURFACE-TO-AIR MISSILE FACILITIES KAPUSTIN YAR/VLADIMIROVKA MISSILE TEST CENTER, USSR

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: NGA Records (Formerly NIMA)
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP78T05439A000300120011-7
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 30
• Document Creation Date: December 28, 2016
• Document Release Date: July 17, 2000
• Sequence Number: 11
• Publication Date: March 1, 1961
• Content Type: IR

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 SURFACE-TO-AIR MISSILE FACILITIES
KAPUSTIN YAR/VLAI7IMIROVKA
MISSILE TEST CENTER. USSR
Declass
Review by
NIMA/DOD
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This mia* r;`.c,^h.ap~,is .n;eW ezt c rcpert has hen prepared by the Army,
Navy. a%u Central intelligence Agency m partial answer to general regtirementa
for a detailed --I-is of t r lrai5+:;;1. `Aar ~ia.$:P_11rovk.a~lli:lle Test Center. The
i`-rpv=e of city rep, rt is to pre-ea: a let-led photo t nalysis of the Surface-to-Alir
Missile Facilities as the F, (ern r. Reperes as Lau h Lea E (JR-1005,,61)
and Troop T;almng Launt Co plea -G- ;JR-lf??6 bl,! of the Surfa:a-co-Surface
Missile Facilities have wire adv been p="Heted, and aitaivaia is un_ tirieotation of the SSM Range. More-
over, the S?j:f Range Included its awn
itr trumen tie -cotisee , . and -guidance
facilities- This, independence of the SAM
activities is thriller en+ifihasiied by the
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anti a -Missile Checkout and propellant
Storage Area.
The Base Support Complex, located
7 miles south-southwest of the SAM Launch
Complex, includes a Base Support and
Housing Area, a Marshalling Area, and
Kapustitrita,r Airfield. The main road fisdm
Kapustin Yar to the SAM-Launch' Complex
passes through the:13 aseSuppoitComplex.
The Initial SAM Launch Complex,
which is served by road from Kapustin-
'(ar, cnnviats Qf aLauoh Area auid_I.
= Support Area, both apparently inactive or
abandoned. The tots an ar+e located one -
mile apart and are Connected by an uniin_
proved road,
It is apparent from photography that
at least two surface-to-air missiesys-
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teals have been developed and a third is
probably under development at Kapustin
Yar. The first to be developed was the
SA-1 (5-200) System, which utilized the
llerringbne-type site. The SA-2 system
was the second system to be developed.
The major effort at the time of-
_ photography was probably concen-
trated on this system, which utilizes the
Hexadic-type sites. This photography Also
reveals a new surface-to-air missile sys-
tem under development. Indications are
that this system is probably being devel-
opedfor-a low- UT medium-altitude shop.
range missile utilizing a four-position
launch site.
It is thus possible to iracethehistor-
ical developmec of two complete missile
systems by use of photography. One is the
SA-1 (B-200) system utilizing the,-V-301
type missile- The development of this
system started with missile testing at the
Initial SAM Launch C'vmplei The second
phase. utilizing segments of a launch site
and components of guidance egifipttecuL
was carried Out at the R&D Launch Area.
The third phase was the testin of a pre-
totiT2e site utilizing the I-ltrriiigl e pat_
tern, and the final or fourth phase ~he'
deployment of the Herririgb Launch
Sites in a double ring around .iorow. A
slifilar case can be made for the SA-_
system utilizing the Guideline missile_ to
this instance, the first and sei phaaee
were probably cat`ied out at the R&D
Launch- Aga and the third phase at the
Troap Training Lau>?b Area. The fourth
phase is represented by the construction
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PIC/d f-tOo jf;t
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INTRODUCTION
The Surface-to-Air Missile Facilities
are a part of the Kapustin Yar; Vladimir-
ovka Missile Test center, which is located
60 miles east of Stalingrad, on the eastern
side of the Volga River (Figure 1). These
facilities, which occupy the northwestern
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margin of the Test C:ec:er ,Fi4t e -
and 31, include a sate
for C'-C-' zss:le Tense
L'SSR. in aai.
reveals a new Cr
altitu;: , shnr.. _~c
in and base - a ca
with t.__e rns__._ . ...., a_. _
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e5;dest. At least e0 s...rtarr-ta-air mis-
socs. 1stts un~.1 at two of the four launch
:n r. SAM Lan 7 Cmr[Cx, have'
Yarn idc'nt.:.d cn _.... Came . F _: aplty.
lire szlf is i- e e by
[-s aSi:y ,: oK; rat-) In
.I.:.d seam bE
t :x. -r~ M et
.^ .?>.. ..t,:d on ..., roe-
erage, but, whenever possible, compari-
sons are made skth - coverage..so ac
to indicate - changes during the ' interim
period. For purposes of this discussion,
the SAM Facilities. are grouped in three
:. +aplexes, the SAi`1 Launch Complex, the
Base Support Complex, and the Initial SAM
Launch Complex.
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we ..o Parmr,em
SAM LAUNCH=
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The SAI l Launch Complex is located
in the approximate center of th, SAM1i
Facilities, with the associated tee, range
to the north-northeast and the SaQtantially equal number ofV.301
type missiles throughout the remainder
of the site.
The Prototype Herriegla.ne launch
Site has strong indications of active troop
training. The presence of the 1'-301 type
missiles and the Guideline missiles an
the same launch site indicates that train-
ing activity possibly utilizing bout tyt es
is carried on here. The concentration of
Guideline missiles an dollies in taus corner
of the " Herrtrtg! c - suggests that they
may be parked here prior to being moved
from the dollies to launchers when the
V-301 type missiles occupying them have
been fired or removed. On the Other hand,
It is also possible that the Guideline
missiles are temporarily stored in the
.'Herring- Site prior to being moved
to the SA-2 Tiring sites
Control Bunkers: Figure 7 shewst two
typical 6-latntcl>er segments of the ..Prow-
type Herringbone Launch Site. It also
shows the access road that serves the
site and the adjacent checkout facilities.
Each control bunker (Items 1) serves sin
launch points (Items 2,i, three on each of
two launch roads. The control bunker is
connected to each of the six lain points
by a buried cable- Each of the two control
bunkers nearest the YO-YO end of the
launch site is connected to the guidance
site by a buried cable- In addition, a
buried cable connects the five control
bunkers on each side of the center service
road. Each control bunker is connected by
buried cable to a small earth.covered
bunker (Items 3) on one side and also to
a small upright structure (items 4) on the
PIC/JR-1449/61
otoslte side..T eve small a Xtb rovereil .
bunkers May serv%'as atora g pointsfor
fuses or initiators. No facllftie's fr.
4or.
age of complete misailea can be identified.
Checkout and SupQait Facilities: Lo-
cated Just inside the fenced launch site is
a large drive-through !ridding- (Item 5).
This building, which 'is very similar to
the checkout buildings found at site.
around Moscow, has a drive-through cen-
ter seu:tiou with two large doors. One of
these doorways Is blocked by a large
spherical or upright tank,' Jost off tMe.
concrete apron that serves this building
is a buried tank 35 feet in diameter
(Item 6). In addition, there are two other
buildings. One of these (Item 7) is prob-
ably used for storage, while the other
(item 8) is the security and administrative
building for the launch site.
PROTOTYPE YO-YO GUIDANCE SITE
The guidance for the Prototype Her-
ringbone Launch Area is a YO-YO radar
site {Piggre 8) very similar to those found
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around-Moscow. "Me site is double-fenced
and encircled by firehreats, The YO-YO
radar (Item 1) and control bunker (Item 2)
are positioned in the center of the site,
and the control bunker is not earth.
covered as are those at sites surrounding
Moscow. There is a foundation for the
fare-sight pole (Item 3), 640 feet in from
of the radar. However, the pole was not
present in- In addition,
there are six buildings, two buried tanks,
and a partially buried bunker (Item 4)
with three large ventilators on top. This
site is situated 5,41)0 feet from the junction
of the rarest set of launch roads, and
10.000 feet from the junction of the far-
ther[ Set of launch roads.
TROOP TRAINING
LAUNCH AREA
The Troop Training Launch ?irea
(Figure 9) which was under tznsirt>ctioa
in- is situated al it
branch of the main service raed from the
Base Support Complex CFigure 3). The
area, which is probably used mainly to
train SA-2 unit troops. a;risists of two
partial prototype Hexadic sites for prac-
tice firing, six launch training sites, and
a bivouac site. Wy the practice firing
sites are fenced. This area probably rep-
resents the third phase in the development
of the SA-2 system. The initial work was
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probably carried out in the R&D Launch
Arm.
PRACTICE (LIVE) F1Rl\G SITFS
The two Prdctic' Firing Sites, which
are both partial prototype tlesadi4
are c^.irFLhttsl3c' d by a ccmatoo ,auntie fen ee
(plgurc' I07- Thee sites, stake consiruc=
tuba at the time oMphorography, were
undergoing expansico in -
positaiswd berween the two sites is a
large hip-roofed building them t ) with a
,former on each end. Two small sheds,
are located in front of this building, To
the rear of the two sites, and also within
the fehi'ed area, are 10 missile trans
porters and?two vans parted orgcowA) e
parking -aprons. A security building. is
situated where the all-weather roadserva
ing the firing sites enters thefencedareak'
A system of internal all-weather -roads to
apparently desiyird for efficient access
to all launch revetments, The 3911owing In
a dcaceii lads of the two partial fieatadic
sites.
Launch Site "A": This site (Figure 10)
has four completed launch revetments
(paints) and an elliptical guidance revet-
ment in the center. Two other launch
emplacements were started but::construe-
tion has apparently been suspended. The
launch revetments are more heavily con.
structed than those of the other launch
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-4
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itortataSaS ttOmtlttO,
site (Site "B"). A square hip-rooted build-
ing (Item 2) and a small water tower are
located adjacent rothe guidance revetment.
This building is connected to a small
possible generator building by buried ca-
ble. Located to the rear of the site is
another, small water tower and an unident-
ified square tower-like Structure (Item 3)
with a sloping top. This structure may
have a parapet above the rooffortheposi-
tioning of tracking equipment.
The launch and guidance revetments
contain no launchers, missiles, or other
equipment- Recent expansion at this site
includes the extension of the fenced area
400 feet to the east-southeast, and the
construction of a loop road Within the
expanded area.
Launch Site "B,': This site (Figure 10)
consists of three completed launch revet-
'neses (points), Construction had begun on
three other launch revetments but was
apparently ausperided at the time ot_
Photo overage.` The guidance facilities
include two long excavations- This type
Of guidance facility as well as the reset.
mast type east) at Site "A" has been
observed at operational SAM sites within
the t .SR. Other facilities at this site
include a square hip-roof d building(Item
4), with an adjacent, small water tower-
This building, identical to the one at Site
"A" (Item 2), is aim, connected to a pos-
a111le generator building by buried cable.
Between the hip-roofed building and the
guidance exeavatio- are four poles or
masts. In addiHOs, this site also has a
small Water wwerpand an adjacent uniden-__ -
tifittl structure (Irma 5). This sitvccure is
the same type as Item 3, Site "A". Recent
expansion at Ibis site includes an extension
northwest and c traetitat?of a loop mad _ FRUIT SET radar, three SA-3 launchers,
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(Item bL located along widened portions
of the loop raced, are wnneets"wi to a third
hard_stand (Item b"N 46?45'45"E
Trek Arlr[t
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MItlR.E CHECKOUT AND
'
4r44'161401?4310"E -
Tnd Activity
PIOPEILARTbIBgMt
): AREA
MMSIIALLPIG AREA
Y?1!'Y"N Y?4! OD"E
20FRUITSET Radr.
106rr1.11.I...elrw *p d.rdy
BABE AIPPORTCOMPLEX
RUE SUPPORT AND HOUSING
41?11Ys"N-Y?Y'o0"E
Will ode. "Wale.
Tmok A."vity,
AREA
' KAPURIII YAR ABIPYI.B
N?Y'10'T4 Y?Y'10"E
6 CAB, 4 COLT, W HOIINIL 2 CRATE,
10 CREEK
DImAL MAM
LAUNCH AREA
Y?K'Y'TF1P01'Y "E
b.euvo or.lo.do.o1
LAUNCH C t.
C
SUPPORT AREA
Y?Y'111""?OW'Y'T3
Y.rNe or tdui.od
? CwNwr w fr d. .orr all d..IM w..
?? Mall ...l.011067 rk?t?!?WIY pod.dw dN INS
of a.thMp
mile apart. The Support Area is served
from Kapustin Yar by an improved road,
probably gravel surfaced. An unimproved
road connects the Launch Area with the
Support Area. A buried cable leads south-
eastward from the Support Area toward
the Surface-to-Surface Missile Facilities.
This buried cable is probably part of a
rangehead communications system con-
necting the various launch facilities.
The Launch Area covers about 45
acres and contains two rectangular con-
crete launch pads, a circular possible
launch pad, a control bunker, and six re-
vetments. Nine cargo' trucks and four
TABLE OF LOCATION OF AREAS RITIIIN TINE SURFACE-TO-AIR MISSILE FACILITIES
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CONCLUSIONS
The Surface-to-Air Missile Facilities probablyoperate independently of other missile
facilities at the Kapustin Yar/Vladimirovka Missile Test Center.
Two missile systems, SA-t and SA-2, have been developed at the SAM Facilities.
11,,, ? ? ?
The development of the SA-2 system was begun prior to
A low- to medium-altitude short range SAM missile system is probably under devel-
hpment at the New Type SAM Launch Area.
Troop training appears to be one of the most important junctions of the SAM Facili-
ties. This Includes facilities for training several SA-2 crews simultaneously as well as
facilities for classroom training of a large number of troops.
There is an area in the Launch Complex that has facilities which could be used to
handle nuclear wa,t;heads for surface-to-air missiles.
The Marshalling Area probably serves as an issue point for equipping trained SA-2
crews being deJyed to operational sites.
PIC/JR-1008/61
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REFERENCES
PHOTOGRAPHY
KAPUSTIN YAR
Acquisition No Date Classification
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SEMIF,6LATIN K
Acquisition No rate Classification
SECRET/NOFORN Exce t
MAPS or CHARTS
ACIC. USAF Operational Navigation Chart 235, Jun 1958, Scale 1:1,000,000 (C)
SAC. US Air Target Chart, Series 200, Sheet 0235-22A, 2d ed, Feb 1960, Scale
1:200,000 (S)
CIA. PIC/JB-1016/60, Missile Test Center Ka oath Yar Vladlmirovka, USSR,
1 Dec 60 (S/NOFORN
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?V
1.
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oo"NORA "s w~owisrrso~
May 1961
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
PHOTOGRAPHIC INTELLIGENCE CENTER
ERRATUM FOR PIC/JR-1008/61
The sentence beginning near the bottom of the second column on
page 23 of PIC /SR-1008./61 reads as follows : There are two other similar
-buildings vvith4vi the Kapustin Yar/Vladimirovka Missile Test Center, both
0235 22A) This
TC
- -
located in the SSM Facilities (areas 3-A and 3-D USA
statement shouldbe changed to read as follows: There are three other
similar buildings at the Kapustin-Yar/Vladimirovka Missile Test Center.
All are located in the SSM Facilities, two at Complex "C" and one at
Complex 92G".
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NOFO