PRELIMINARY STUDY, SA-2 SAM SUPPORT FACILITIES, USSR & SATELLITES

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: NGA Records (Formerly NIMA)
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP78T05439A000200350126-6
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: T
• Document Page Count: 13
• Document Creation Date: December 28, 2016
• Document Release Date: November 3, 2000
• Sequence Number: 126
• Publication Date: July 1, 1963
• Content Type: REPORT

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PHOTOGRAPHIC INTERPRETATION REPORT
USSR & SATELLITES
PRELIMINARY STUDY,
July 1963
SA-2 S'AM SUPPORT FACILITIES,
DECLASSIFICATION REVIEW BY NIMA / DOD
a{=:~ , C r T A ERFIRETITION
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A preliminary study of SA-2 support
facilities in the USSR and certain European
satellite countries was undertaken in order to
determine the types and deployment of these
installations (Figure 1). Because of the im-
mediate need for additional intelligence regard-
ing SA-2 support facilities, only a cursory inter-
pretation has been accomplished, and the findings
stated herein should be considered tentative.
The SA-2 support facilities identified to
date are believed to fall into two general types:
rectangular and square. For the purpose of
this report, they will be referred to as Types
I and II, respectively. Of the 128 facilities
considered, 76 are classified as Type I and
52 as Type II, as shown in Table 1.
Type I was first observed deployed in
while the Type 11 facility was not
observed until the fall of _ There have
been no Type I facilities observed under con-
struction in the USSR since the first Type II
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deployment, while the latter has been observed
under construction as recently as the summer
of _ It is, therefore, logical to assume 25X1 D
that the Type I has been phased out in favor
of the Type II facility.
Type I facilities (Figures 2 and 3) are
generally enclosed by a rectangular fence line
and have a similar basic internal road network.
The road network consists of two main inter-
connecting roads, which in most cases are
parallel to the long axis of the facility.
The servicing of the missiles (assembly,
checkout and fueling) probably is performed in
the various structures situated on or along one
of the main roads, while the component storage
areas are served by the second road.
The largest building in the facility (200
by 70 feet) is designated as the receiving/
maintenance building and has a drive-through
capability. It is positioned on the service
road with its long axis perpendicular to the
road. Low altitude photography of the support
facility at revealed
missile canisters being off-loaded in an area
adjacent to this building. This observation,
coupled with the fact that the building is always
positioned near the main entrance, indicates a
definite receiving capability. The building also
was felt to have a maintenance capability be-
cause of its size, its numerous entrances, and
the fact that heavy equipment was identified
in the immediate vicinity.
A smaller drive-through building (55 by
30 feet) is located on the service road near
the receiving/maintenance building. A number
of van-type vehicles have been observed next
to this building suggesting checkout operations
of an undetermined nature.
Located on a turnoff midway along the
service road is an open shed 40 by 30 feet.
Because of its construction and positioning within
the facility, it is considered to be a good can-
didate for liquid storage and transfer, either
fuel or oxidizer.
The final structure on the service road is
a drive-through building 60 by 25 feet which
is designated as the assembly building. Low
level coverage of the Ladeburg SAM Support
Facility at one time revealed two GUIDELINE
missiles in various- states of assembly situated
at either end of this building. The assembly
operations observed included the attachment
of the stabilizer fins to the missile and the
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probable mating of the booster and sustainer.
In addition, a partially attached nosecone was
observed on one missile which also indicates
final assembly.
Observation of the support facilities in Cuba
bears out the assumption that the assembly
functions are performed in either an open area
or in a building other than the receiving/
maintenance building.
One significant feature found only at the
Type I facilities is that after the service road
passes through the assembly building, it doubles
back on itself to form a loop. This loop road
indicates that after final missile assembly the
unit may then be brought back in the direction
W,___20' .X 15'
FENCE
1630' X 655
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of the receiving/maintenance building.
At some of the facilities where photo quality
permits, a probable buried tank has been ob-
served within the loop of the service road.
At other facilities, a drainage ditch has been
observed extending from the loop to a sump
located beyond the fence line of the facility.
Therefore, it is believed that the area may be
used for some type of fueling operations and
as a disposal area in connection with the re-
cycling of missiles.
The second main road serves three revetted
storage buildings (85 by 30, 35 by 30, and 20
by 15 feet) which house the various components
of the missile. It can be assumed that a supply
FIGURE 3. SAM SUPPORT FACILITY
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of all components is maintained at the facility;
and the substainer unit, being the largest com-
ponent, is probably stored in the largest of
the three buildings. The other two would then
be used to house other components such as
warheads, boosters, and fuzes.
There are two additional features which
are requisite to the Type I facility. The larger
of these is a probable vehicle shed which is
positioned along one of the interconnecting roads
between the service and storage roads. This
shed measures 60 by 30 feet at the Volgograd
facility which is used as an illustration in
this report. However, these dimensions are
not as constant as those of the other build-
ings in the facility.
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A small revetment, enclosing two or more
cylindrical objects, has also been observed at
the Type I facilities. This area is generally
located near the main entrance and may be
conventional POL storage.
At all SA-2 SAM support facilities, both
Type I and Type II, there are buildings lo-
cated outside of the fence line which are as-
sociated with the installation. Because of
variation in the number and size of these build-
ings, an estimate has not been made as to the
number of personnel employed at the facilities.
In many cases facilities are located near exist-
ing military garrisons which could be used for
housing and logistical support.
Type II facilities have been covered only
by KEYHOLE photography; therefore, the in-
terpretation is somewhat limited. The most
obvious differences between the Type land Type
II facilities are the internal road network and
the perimeter fence line which are square
rather than rectangular (Figures 4 and 5). There
does, however, appear to be a correlation be-
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 The most prominent feature of the Type
II facilities is a straight road on which are
located the receiving/maintenance building and
the probable assembly building. The receiving/
maintenance building (190 by 65 feet) is again
the largest structure within the facilities, and
dimensionally it is similar to its counter-
part in the Type I. At some of the square
not used as a drive-through building.
The probable assembly building is located
at the opposite end of the main road within
the facility; and although it is smaller (45
by 25 feet) than the assembly building of the
Type I facility, its relationship to the receiving/
maintenance is the same. It is important to
In addition, the open shed located at the
midpoint of the service road of the Type I
facility has not been seen in a corresponding
position within the Type II.
There is no apparent conformity in the
arrangement of the other internal roads in
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Road
Railroad, Double Track
Railroad, Single Track
0 10
HPIC H-e3zi (7163)
FIGURE 9. DEPLOYMENT OF SAM SUPPORT FACILITIES,
SVERDLOVSK AREA.
storage buildings of the Type 11 facilities are
usually strung out along one of the supplemental
roads. Each Type 11 facility contains a com-
ponent storage building (95 by 20 feet) that is
comparable to the largest storage building in
the Type 1 (85 by 30 feet). At least one other
revetted storage building is present" at the
Type 11. The second storage building at the
Orsk facility measures 35 by 25 feet. It
cannot be determined if the same size structure
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FIGURE 10. DEPLOYMENT OF SAM SUPPORT FACILITIES,
VOLGOGRAD AREA.
is present at all Type Its because of the
limitations of KEYHOLE photography.
There are two additional objects at the
Orsk facility which are probably present at
all of the square support facilities. The function
and shape of these unidentified objects has not
been determined. As shown on Figure 4,
one object occupies an area of approximately
30 by 25 feet and the other measures approxi-
mately 20 to 15 feet.
The evolution from the Type I to the
Type II SAM support facility indicates a change
in the missile handling procedures or a new
concept in SAM support deployment.
As shown in Figures 6 to 10 a general
ratio has been established between the sup-
port facilities and the number of sites they
service. At present this ratio is considered
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f12/2A A "Man"
A Type I SAM Support Facility
Road
Railroad, Single Track
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to be 4-6 SAM sites per Type I facility and
2-4 SAM sites per Type II facility.
Although the ratio given implies a lesser
handling capability for the Type II facilities,
this supposition is not borne out by a physical
comparison of the two types. In terms of
square footage, the area occupied by the Type
II facility at Orsk actually exceeds that of the
Type I facility at Volgograd.
In addition, the similarity in the number
and size of structures at the two facilities
leads to the conclusion that the Type II facilities
may in fact be capable of supporting an equal
number of SAM sites. The transition from the
Type I to the Type 11 is, therefore, most
probably the result of a change in missile
handling or the adoption of a new flow pattern
within the facilities.
Table 1. SA SAM Support Facilities in USSR and European Satellites
Angarsk SAM Support Facility
Baku SAM Support Facility
Bratsk Dam SAM Support Facility
Brest SAM Support Facility
Chelyabinsk SAM Support Facility
Cherepovets SAM Support Facility
Dnepropetrovsk SAM Support Facility
Dodonovo SAM Support Facility
Dolon Airfield SAM Support Facility
Donetsk SAM Support Facility
Glazov SAM Support Facility
Gomel SAM Support Facility
Gorkiy SAM Support Facility
Irkutsk SAM Support Facility
Izhevsk SAM Support Facility
Kaliningrad SAM Support Facility 1
Kaliningrad SAM Support Facility 2
Kasli SAM Support Facility
Kasli SAM Support Facility (Kyshtym)
Kazan SAM Support Facility
Khabarovsk SAM Support Facility
Kharkov SAM Support Facility
Komsomolsk SAM Support Facility
Kremenchug Dam SAM Support Facility
Kuybyshev SAM Support Facility 1
Kuybyshev SAM Support Facility 2
Lvov SAM Support Facility
Maanitogorsk SAM Support Facility
Mingechaur SAM Support Facility
Minsk SAM Support Facility
Moscow (Probable) SAM Support Facility (Odintsovo)
Murmansk SAM Support Facility 1
Nikolayev SAM Support Facility
Nizhniy Tagil SAM Support Facility
52-32N 104-04E
40-24N 50-OlE
56-17N 101-40E
52-07N 23-37E
55-04N 61-22E
59-07\ 38-02E
4S-23N 34-58E
56-09N 93-21E
50-37N 79-13E
47-53N 37-47E
58-06N 52-40E
52-25N 30-55E
56-19N 43-44E
52-24N 103-59E
56-48N 53-23E
54-44N 20-04E
54-38N 21-05E
55-53N 60-41E
55-36N 60-36E
55-4SN 49-13E
48-22N 135-09E
49-56N 36-27E
50-33N 136-53E
48-59N 33-12E
53-17N 50-17E
53-30N 49-31E
49-47N 24-05E
53-21N 59-04E
40-45N 47-OUl
53-54N 27-40E
55-42N 37-1,.E
69-02N 33-14E
46-59N 32-09E
57-52N 60-02E
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Country
USSR
Nizhnyaya Tura SAM Support Facility
Novosibirsk SAM Support Facility
Odessa SAM Support Facility
Omsk SAM Support Facility
Ostrov/Gorokovkha Airfield SAM
Support Facility
Perm SAM Support Facility
Petropavlovsk-Kamchatskiy SAM
Support Facility
Plesetsk ICBM Complex SAM Support Facility
Poti SAM Support Facility
Riga SAM Support Facility
Rostov SAM Support Facility
Saratov SAM Support Facility
Sarova SAM Support Facility
Sevastopol SAM Support Facility
Severodvinsk SAM Support Facility
Shcherbakov SAM Support Facility
Sovetsk SAM Support Facility
Sverdlovsk SAM Support Facility
Tallinn SAM Support Facility
Tambov Regional Military Storage Instal-
lation SAM Support Facility
Tyura Tam SAM Support Facility
Ukraina Airfield SAM Support Facility
Verkhne Neyvinskiy SAM Support Facility
Vladivostok SAM Support Facility 1
Volgograd SAM Support Facility 1
Volgograd SAM Support Facility 2
Yaroslavl SAM Support Facility
Yurya ICBM Launch Complex SAM
Support Facility
Yuryuzan SAM Support Facility
Zlatoust SAM Support Facility
Tirane SAM Support Facility
Czechoslovakia
Bratislava SAM Support Facility
Ostrava SAM Support Facility
Prague SAM Support Facility
Budapest SAM Support Facility
Miskolc SAM Support Facility
Chorzow SAM Support Facility
Warsaw SAM Support Facility
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58-40N 59-38E
55-06N 82-50E
46-32N 30-39E
54-59N 73-32E
57-19N 28-23E
58-02N 56-1SE
53-04N 158-46E
62-49N 40-40E
42-14N 41-46E
56-54N 23-56E
47-17N 39-40E
51-24N 46-10E
54-55N 43-15E
44-34N 33-32E
64-37N 39-49E
58-02N 38-43E
55-OSN 21-55E
56-52N 60-49E
59-20N 24-47E
52-40N 41-27E
45-53N 63-25E
51-04N 128-20E
57-16N 60-04E
43-OIN 132-26E
48-52N 44-38E
48-26N 44-30E
57-33N 39-50E
59-10N 49-25E
54-50N 58-27E
55-13N 59-44E
48-16N 17-19E
49-39N 1.8-20E
50-O1N 14-03E
4T-32N 19-20E
48-OIN 20-45E
50-25N 18-33E
52-03N 20-39E
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Anadyr SAM Support Facility
Arkhangelsk SAM SupportFacility
Astrakhan SAM Support Facility
Balakovo SAM Support Facility
Baits Regional Military Storage Instal-
lation SAM Support Facility
Barano-Orenburgskoye MRBM Complex
SAM Support Facility
Berezniki SAM Support Facility
Borshchev MRBM Complex SAM Support
Facility
Bryansk SAM Support Facility
Chita SAM Support Facility (Probable)
Kalinkovichi SAM Support Facility
Kamyshin SAM Support Facility
Khada Bulak SAM Support Facility
Kishinev SAM Support Facility
Kiyev SAM Support Facility
Kizyl-Arvat SAM Support Facility
Kovel SAM Support Facility
Krasnoyarsk SAM Support Facility
Liepaja SAM Support Facility
Lutsk MRBM Complex SAM Support Facility
Lugansk Possible SAM Support Facility
Magadan SAM Support Facility
Makhachkala SAM Support Facility
Mukachevo SAM Support Facility
Murmansk SAM Support Facility 2
Nakhodka SAM Support Facility
Nebit Dag SAM Support Facility
Nikolayevsk-Na-Amure SAM Support
Facility
Novaya Mezinovka Regional Military Storage
SAM Support Facility
Novorossiysk SAM Support Facility
Olenya SAM Support Facility
Orsha SAM Support Facility
Orsk SAM Support Facility
Pechenga SAM Support Facility
Penza SAM Support Facility
Petrozavodsk SAM Support Facility
Sary Shagan AMM Complex SAM Support
Facility
Shuchuchin Airfield SAM Support Facility
Sovetskaya Gavan SAM Support Facility
Spassk Dalniy SAM Support Facility
Stanislav SAM Support Facility
Sterlitimak SAM Support Facility
Stryy SAM Support Facility
Tashkent SAM Support Facility
Uman MRBM Complex SAM Support Facility
Ussuriysk SAM Support Facility
Yevpatoriya SAM Support Facility
Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk SAM Support Facility
Zaporozhye SAM Support Facility
Vladivostok SAM Support Facility
Voronezh SAM Support Facility
64-48N
177-45E
64-31N
40-43E
46-26N
47-56E
52-OON
47-48E
44-27N
131-22E
59-23N
56-52E
48-46N
26-02E
53-21N
34-17E
52-04N
113-30E
52-11N
28-55E
50-03N
45-21E
50-43N
116-07E
46-57N
28-52E
50-19N
30-24E
38-57N
56-18E
51-ION
24-36E
56-10N
92-58E
56-31N
21-06E
50-45N
25-09E
48-32N
39-10E
59-36N
150-48E
42-56N
47-33E
48-21N
22-4???~E
68-50N
33-08E
42-54N
133-05E
39-28N
54-19E
53-31N
26-56E
44-ION
37-46E
68-13N
33-49E
54-29N
30-25E
51-24N
56-02E
69-45N
32-06E
53-12N
44-56E
61-48N
34-04E
46-03N
73-26E
53-35N
24-59E
48-58N
140-12E
44-12N
133-10E
48-35N
24-36E
53-3.9N
55-49E
49-14N
23-53E
41-20N
69-24E
48-43N
30-17E
43-51N
132-02E
43-01N
131-47E
51-33N
39-OSE
45-12N
33-23E
46-52N
142-46E
47-44N
35-15E
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