USER'S MANUAL FOR THE PIRL QUERY LANGUAGE

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: NGA Records (Formerly NIMA)
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP78T04759A009700010003-8
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: T
• Document Page Count: 100
• Document Creation Date: December 28, 2016
• Document Release Date: June 3, 2002
• Sequence Number: 3
• Publication Date: June 1, 1970
• Content Type: REQ

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NATIONAL PHOTOGRAPHIC
INTERPRETATION CENTER
USER'S MANUAL
FOR THE
PIRL QUERY LANGUAGE
DECLASS REVIEW by NIMA/DOD
TOP SECRET
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USER'S MANUAL
FOR THE
PIRL QUERY LANGUAGE
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ON-LINE EQUIPMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2
THE INSTALLATIONS DATA FILE: A SUMMARY . . . . . 1-2
THEIR FUNCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . II-1
SPECIFYING WHICH RECORDS ARE TO BE SELECTED 11-2
REQUIRED SPECIFICATION: LINE 1 . . . . . . . . 11-3
OPTIONAL SPECIFICATIONS: LINE 1 . . . . . . . . II-8
Specifying a Field . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-9
Specifying Items . . . . . . . . . . . . . . II-10
Specifying a Range of Values . . . . . . . . II-11
THE MRNLIST MNEMONIC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-13
SPECIFYING YOUR OUTPUT: LINE 2 . . . . . . . . II-l4
GETTING A PARTIAL SECTOR AS OUTPUT . . . . . . 11-16
GETTING MISSION HIGHLIGHTS . . . . . . . . . . 11-17
SUMMARY OF GET QUERIES . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-18
SPECIFYING RECORDS TO BE COUNTED . . . . . . . III-1
FORMAT OF AN INTER QUERY . . . . . . . . . . . . 111-3
THE MENLIST MNEMONIC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . III-4
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TABLE OF CONTENTS (CONTINUED)
SPECIFYING RECORDS TO BE COUNTED . . . . . . . . IV-2
FORMAT OF AN ALSO QUERY . . . . . . . . . . . . IV-4
THE MRNLIST MNEMONIC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iv-6
CHAPTER VI SUBMITTING QUERIES AND RECEIVING ANSWERS
ON A CRT VI-1
SETTING UP COMMUNICATIONS WITH THE
COMPUTER SYSTEM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . VI-2
TRANSMITTING QUERIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . VI-5
Correcting Errors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . VI-6
Transmitting a LEN for Printed Answers . . . . VI-7
RECEIVING ANSWERS TO GET AND SIMPLIFIED QUERIES . VI-8
Over 20 Records . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . VI-9
Over 20 Pages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . VI-9
GETTING PRINTED COPIES OF ANSWERS TO GET
AND SIMPLIFIED QUERIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . VI-l0
RECEIVING ANSWERS TO INTER AND ALSO QUERIES . . . VI-11
GETTING MACHINE REFERENCE NUMBERS . . . . . . . . VI-11
DISPLAYING QUERIES DURING OUTPUT . . . . . . . . VI-12
USING THE BATCH QUERY LANGUAGE TO RETRIEVE
OVER 20 RECORDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . VI-13
CHAPTER VII SUBMITTING QUERIES AND RECEIVING ANSWERS
ON TELETYPEWRITERS VII-1
TRANSMITTING QUERIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . VII-2
TRANSMITTING QUERIES ON PAPER TAPE . . . . . . . VII-4
Punching Queries on Paper Tape . . . . . . . VII-4
Transmitting Queries Punched on Paper Tape . . VII-6
RECEIVING ANSWERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . VII-6
OUTPUT LIMITATIONS: GET QUERIES . . . . . . . . VII-7
GETTING MACHINE REFERENCE NUMBERS . . . . . . . VII-8
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TABLE OF CONTENTS (CONTINUED)
CHAPTER VIII SUMMARY OF PIRL QUERIES
GET QUERIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . VIII-1
INTER QUERIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . VIII-2
ALSO QUERIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . VIII-2
SIMPLIFIED QUERIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . VIII-3
APPENDIX A VOCABULARY FOR THE PIRL QUERY LANGUAGE . . . . . A-1
APPENDIX B CHARACTER SEQUENCE FOR A RANGE OF VALUES . . . . B-1
APPENDIX C GLOSSARY OF TERMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-1
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Whenever necessary, revisions and/or addenda to this manual will
be issued by the Automated Information Division, Production Services
Croup. If you need additional information on this query language or
assistance in using- it, contact the Chief/AID/PSG.
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CIIAFPI?R I. THE PIRL QUERY LANCTJAgE
PIRL is an acronym for Photo Interpretation Retrieval Language,
an IL,iglish-like language that will enable you to retrieve information
from the Installations Data File (IDF). This language rather than
In,,-fish is used because it can be "understood" by a computer. To put
it another way, you can use PIRL to "query" the IDF. With this
language you can formulate "queries," i.e., statements that direct
the computer to
x select from the file one or more
records that meet your specifications
and output a part of each record
x- count the number of installations
having identical features and
output the total
The "words" that comprise the vocabulary of the PIRL language are
mnemonics, that is, combinations of letters or of letters and symbols.
Three of these mnemonics are the commands GET, INTER, and ALSO. Each
introduces a different type of query which will direct the computer to
perform the operations summarized above. Other mnemonics include the
names of sectors, fields, and items in the Installations Data File.
All can be used with certain values to construct queries.
You will transmit queries to the UNIVAC 49L computer system via
on-line equipment located in your work areas. "Answers" to your queries
will be transmitted to remote stations shortly after you have submitted
your queries.
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You will transmit queries to the computer and receive your output
via the on-line equipment listed below.
Sanders Tabular Displays, i.e.,
cathode-ray tube (CRT) devices
(Model 920-102)
Kleinschmidt Electronic Data
Printers (Model 311)
x ASR Teletypes (Model 35)
x- KSR Teletypes (Model 35)
X- UNIVAC Data Communications
Terminals (DCT) 2000
An explanation of this type of computer processing and of the equipment
involved is presented in Introduction to the Remote Access Computer
Service published by AID. Copies of this publication are available
from the Chief, AID upon request. In order to use PIRL it is assumed
that you know how to operate this equipment.
Answers to queries will be transmitted to on-line equipment in your
work areas shortly after you have submitted your queries. How to submit
queries on these devices is explained in CHAPTERS VI and VII in this
manual.
THE INSTALLATIONS DATA
FILE: A SUMMARY
The Installations Data File (IDF) contains information derived from
imagery and compiled by organizations responsible for imagery interpreta-
tion. This information concerns targets designated by NPIC and COMIREX.
The file is an outgrowth of the Target Brief File and of DIA's UPIR
File. In the IDF all information on a single target (installation)
is stored in one record. At present, there are about 30,000 records
in this file. Each is identified by a machine reference number (MRN).
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This number is assigned to each record by the computer and will never
be changed or be assigned to another record. With the exception of
MRN 1, the format -- not the contents -- of each record in the IDF is
identical. Mission highlights are recorded in MRN 1 and only in MRN 1.
No other information is stored in this record.
A record consists of 13 sectors, each of which contains a specific
type of information about an installation. All sectors are divided into
fields, i.e., categories of data. Some, but not all, fields are divided
into items, the smallest units of information in the IDF. Thus, the
format of each record is this:
largest unit -..sector
field
smallest unit item
The name of each sector, field, and item is a mnemonic. For
example, in each record the name of the status sector is the mnemonic,
ISTAT. In the ISTAT sector the name of the field in which the status
of a target is recorded is the mnemonic, STA:. One of the items com-
prising the STA: field is AGEN, which contains an entry that identifies
the agency that produced the status writeup. It is mnemonics such as
these that comprise part of the vocabulary of the PIRL Query Language.
Some fields in each record contain a single entry (or value). Some
contain several entries or values. In other fields values are allowed
to accumulate, that is, each new entry is simply added to the existing
entries; the format of the new entry is identical to that of the entries
already recorded in the field.
The PIRL Query Language gives you the capability of retrieving in-
formation stored in all records in the IDF. To use this language
effectively it is assumed that you are familiar with the IDF, its
contents, format, and nomenclature.
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CHAPTER II. GET QUERIES
Each time you transmit a GET query you direct the computer to do
two things: (1) to select from the IDF one or more records that meet
your specifications and (2) to output a sector or part of a sector of
each selected record. You will specify which record or records are to
be selected in the first line of the query. In the second line of the
query you will specify which sector or part of a sector of each selected
record you want displayed or printed. Both lines are transmitted to the
computer at the same time.
In line 1 the first word is always the command, GET, followed by
the file mnemonic, IDF, and one or more mnemonics indicating which record
or records are to be selected. In line 2 the first word is the command,
DISPLAY or PRINT, followed by the mnemonic of the sector you want output.
This line directs the computer to display your output on a CRT or to
print it on a teletypewriter or DCT 2000. Paraphrased in English, the
sentence structure of a GET query is this:
Select this record or records that meet my specifications.
Display or print this part of each selected record.
If a record does not meet all your specifications, it will not be
selected.
All the mnemonics you will need for the two lines of a GET query
are listed in APPENDIX A. How to use them is explained on the following
pages.
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SPECIFYING WHICH RECORDS
ARE TO BE SELECTED
Line 1 of a GET query will include all specifications that indicate
to the computer which records you want selected. In the order in which
they will appear in this line, these specifications consist of
1) one of eight mnemonics and a value which
identify a target or group of targets;
this specification is required;
2) those contents (i.e., values) you need
in a field or item in each selected
record and the corresponding mnemonics
for each; these specifications are
optional.
What you should specify will depend on what you know about an installa-
tion and what data you need.
To begin composing line 1 of a GET query specify the command, GET,
then the file mnemonic, IDF. Place a comma after each. Note that no
space is permitted between the two.
GET,IDF,
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REQUIRED SPECIFICATION:
LINE 1
Immediately after the mnemonic, IDF, you must specify one of the
eight mnemonics listed below and a corresponding value. The first four
identify only one installation and the last four, several installations.
Mnemonic
Value
Mnemonic
Value
IBE$$
BE number
IMILI
Military district
ICOMI
COMIREX number
ICAT$
IDIIS category code
INPIC
NPIC number
ICOUN
Country code
MRN
Machine reference
IGEO$
Geographic area
number
GET,IDF,IBE$$ 0169-12345.
Select from the IDF the record
on the installation identified
by BE number 0169-12345.
CET,IDF,ICOMI 12A1234.
Select from the IDF the record
on the installation identified
by COMIREX number 12A1234.
GET,IDF,INPIC 0169-1234-Ql.
Select from the IDF the record
on the target identified by
NPIC number 0169-1234-Q1.
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Note the punctuation and spacing observed in all the examples. The
mnemonic and its value are separated by a single space. The number of
character positions in each value is identical to that given in APPENDIX
A; when applicable, spaces must be allowed for unused character positions.
To differentiate a zero from the letter 0 in all examples given in this
manual, a zero is always typed as 0. The line must be closed with a
period.
You can also specify a machine reference number since it identifies
the record of a particular target. For example:
GET,IDE,MRN 600433-
Select from the IDF the record
identified by machine reference
number 600433.
In each of the examples cited below, the computer is directed to
select several records from the file.
GET,IDF,ICOUN AL.
Select from the IDF the
records on all targets
in Albania.
GET,IDF,IMILI 321.
Select from the IDF the records
on all targets in military
district 321.
GET,IDF,ICAT$ 12345.
Select from the IDF all records
on targets assigned IDHS cate-
gory code 12345.
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A word of caution about using a mnemonic that pertains to more than one
installation. It may direct the computer to select a large volume of
records. For example, assuming it is valid, the following construction
in line 1 of a GET query would direct the computer to select about
11,000 records from the IDF:
GET,IDF,ICOUN ITS.
Select from the IDF all
records on targets in
the USSR.
If you direct the computer to select over 5,000 records, you will receive
an error message to this effect, and your query will not be processed.
A record or records can also be selected from the IDF on the basis
of the physical location of one or more targets. You may direct the
computer to select records on all installations located within an
approximately square area on the earth's surface. This square must be
bounded by two parallels of latitude -- one X nautical miles (nm) north
and the other X nm south of the center point -- and by two meridians --
one X nm east and the other X nm west of the center point along a
parallel of latitude passing through the center point. This square
cannot include the north or south pole; X must be less than 999 nm.
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1) determine the number of nm represented by one
X; this number must be a whole number and be
less than 999; if it is zero, the computer can
select only one record (if there is one) --
that corresponding to the target located at the
center point of the square;
2) express the geographic coordinates of the center
point in degrees, minutes, seconds, and direction;
measure latitude north and south from the equator
and longitude east and west from Greenwich Meri-
dian; if minutes and/or seconds are not known,
you must specify zeros in the corresponding
positions or the computer will not process your
query; use leading zeros in latitude and longitude
values.
Given these values, the computer will select the records for only those
targets located inside the square you have defined. The mnemonic to be
specified with these values is IGEO$.
P mnemonic, the general form of line 1 is this:
GET,IDF,IGEO$ X/Latitude/Longitude.
GET,IDF,IGEO
25/10 OBE 53 N/140 25 07 E.
Select from the IDF all records on targets
located in an area about 50 nm square,
centered at the coordinates cited above.
GET,IDF,IGEO
0/15 29 03 s//l9 /6 51 W.
Select from the IDF the single record on the
target located at the coordinates cited above.
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In the last example cited, the computer is directed to select the
record for a particular installation on the basis of coordinates only.
Given only these coordinates, it is unlikely that the computer will
perform the selection. To direct the computer to perform this operation
you must know precisely what coordinates have been assigned to a target
in an index to the IDF, not in the IDF itself.
Note the spacing and punctuation observed in the examples cited
above. There must be a single space between IGEO$ and the nm value;
between degrees and minutes; minutes and seconds; and seconds and direc-
tion in the latitude and longitude values. If applicable, use leading;
zeros with degrees, minutes, and seconds. Insert slashes (//) as
indicated and close the line with a period.
With four of the mnemonics discussed so far, you may specify a set
of values by truncating the number of characters usually specified in
the value. Only some of the characters need be expressed. The rest
can be represented by a single dollar sign, that is, $. If you choose
to do this, the computer will select a set of records rather than a
single record. The four mnemonics and the number of characters to be
expressed with each are listed below.
Mnemonic
Values
What To Specify
IBE$$
BE numbers
First 4 characters (WAC) +
INPIC
NPIC numbers
First 4 characters (WAC) +
ICOMI
COMIREX numbers
First 3 characters + $
ICAT$
IDHS category codes
First 2 characters + $
For example, to direct the computer to select records on all installations
assigned IDHS category codes beginning with 9o, write line 1 this way:
GET,IDF,ICAT$ 90
Or, to direct the computer to select all records on installations located
in WAC 0123, write line 1 this way:
GET, IDF,INPIC 0123
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OPTIONAL SPECIFICATIONS:
LINE 1
Co far we have discussed the selection of one or more records on
the basis of these mnemonics and their corresponding values.
IBE$$ BE number
ICOMI COMIREX number
INPIC NPIC number
MRN Machine reference
number
IMILI Military district
number
ICAT$ IDHS category code
ICOUN Country code
IGEO$ Geographic area
One of these mnemonics and a corresponding value must appear immediately
after the file mnemonic in line 1 of each GET query.
In addition, you may elect to include additional specifications in
line 1. Whether or not you choose to do this will depend upon what
information you need. Optional specifications consist of the values
(i.e., contents) you need in either one field or in one or more items
from one field in each record to be selected. The values you wish to
specify can pertain to a target (e.g., a BE number) or to the records
themselves (e.g., mission number, date of information). You may specify
a single field and its value or an item(s) and its value but not both.
If you specify more than one item, all must appear in the same field
and the same sector. Mnemonics for the fields and items you may specify
and the formats of their respective values are listed in APPENDIX A.
If a record does not meet all specifications given in line 1 of your
query, it will not be selected from the IDF.
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First, determine the field and value you need. Next, using
APPENDIX A, determine the format of that value and the proper sector
and field mnemonics to be specified with it. Then, to line 1 of your
query add the following in the order listed:
Sectorl rField Field]
nemonic, nemonic Value.
If this information does not appear in a given record, that record will
not be selected.
For example, to indicate to the computer that in each record the
ELEV field in the ILOCA sector should contain the value, 2,500 feet,
the first line of your query would be this:
Required Optional
Sector F i e 1 d
GET,IDF,[ICOUN [3ILOC~ZELEV 0250 .
Select from the T F all records on targets
I land situated at 2,500
fee above mean sea level.
In the example given below the value that should appear in the COMP
field in the IHEAD sector of each record is the IEG component code, 42E.
Required Optional
~~-- Sector Field
GET,IDF,LGEO 25/10 04 ~-
53 N/140 25 07 ],LHEA],[oMP 42].
From the IDF select the records on all installations
(1) located inside an area about 50 nm square;
(2) centered at the coordinates cited above; and
(3) for which IEG component 42E is responsible.
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Specifying
Items
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Determine the item and value you need. Then, determine the format
of that value and the sector, field, and item mnemonics to be specified
with it. If you choose to specify more than one item, remember that
all must appear in the same field and sector. To line 1 of your query
add the following in the order listed:
FSectorl~ Field l~ Item Item I~ Item Item
. . I
Mnemonic)), nemonicJJ Mnemonic Value) nemonic Value, etc.
If this information does not appear in a given record, that record will
not be selected. For example:
Required 0 p t i o n a 1
GET,IDF,[ICAT$ OO4O3],~IBRIEJ,[BRI ]DATE 700115,PHAS
J.
Select from the IDF records on all installations in
IDHS category 403 provided that each record con-
tains a brief report dated 15 January 1970 and
produced during third-phase exploitation.
Required 0 p t i o n a 1
Sector Field Item
GET,IDF,ICOUN PKJ,[ISTAT1,[STAJ,[PHA1S 1].
Select from the IDF all records on targets
in Pakistan provided that the status of
each target has been reported during
first-phase exploitation.
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THE MRNLIST
MNEMONIC
Each time you transmit a query of any kind and receive an answer
or the message, NULL SEARCH, a list of the machine reference numbers
for the records pertaining to your answer is produced and stored tempo-
rarily in the computer. This list will remain in the computer only
until you transmit another query; then it will be destroyed. It will
also be destroyed when your communications with the computer are
terminated.
If you wish, you may refer to this list in a subsequent GET query,
provided that query is the next to be transmitted. The mnemonic for
such a list is MRNLIST. When specified in line 1 of a GET query, MENLIST
directs the computer to select only the record or records pertaining to
your preceding query. Use MRNLIST instead of the required mnemonic
and value usually placed after IDF. No corresponding value is needed.
For example:
GET,IDF,MRNLIST,IHEAD,COMP 21E.
From those records pertaining to
my preceding query, select only those
on targets that are the responsi-
bility of IEG component 21E.
In your next query you may use MRNLIST to refer to the list of
machine reference numbers produced by the query cited above. Thus,
because MRNLIST always refers to your preceding query, you may add
optional specifications to line 1 without repeating your previous
query. For example:
GET,IDF,MRNLIST,IHEAD,MILI 123.
From those records pertaining to
my preceding query, select only those
on targets located in military
district 123.
In your next query you may also use MRNLIST to refer to the query cited
above.
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SPECIFYING YOUR
OUTPUT: LINE 2
Line 1 of a GET query specifies which record or records are to be
selected from the IDF. Line 2 directs the computer to output a sector
or part of a sector of each selected record. This is the answer to your
query. Paraphrased in English, the sentence structure of line 2 is this:
Output this sector of each selected record.
You can transmit GET queries to the UNIVAC 494 computer system via
a CRT or a teletypewriter. You can receive your answers on a CRT, tele-
typewriter, or DCT 2000. Before writing line 2 of your query, decide
which device will display or print your answer; this decision could
affect the construction of line 2.
The first word in line 2 is always one of two commands: DISPLAY
or PRINT. DISPLAY directs the computer to display your answer on a
CRT screen. PRINT directs the computer to print your answer on a tele-
typewriter or DCT 2000. Which sector is to be displayed or printed is
indicated by the mnemonic for that sector. This mnemonic is placed
immediately after DISPLAY or PRINT. Your answer can be any one of the
13 sectors comprising each file record or the IHIGH sector in MRN 1.
Mnemonics for all these sectors are listed in APPENDIX A. The sector
you want output need not be identical to that specified in line 1 of
a GET query, if a sector has been specified in line 1 of a GET query,
if a sector has been specified.
The general form of line 2 is this:
DISPLAY,
PRINT,
Sector
nemonic.
F Sector
.nemoni
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To receive your answer on a CRT, specify DISPLAY, then the mnemonic of
the sector you want displayed. For example:
DISPLAY,IHEAD.
Display the IHEAD
sector of each selected
record on a CRT.
DISPLAY,ILOCA.
Display the ILOCA sector
of each selected record
on a CRT.
If you transmit a GET query on a CRT or teletypewriter and want your
answer printed on a teletypewriter or DCT 2000, specify PRINT and then
the mnemonic of the sector you want printed. For example:
PRINT,IHEAD.
Print the IHEAD sector
of each selected record.
PRINT,ILOCA.
Print the ILOCA sector
of each selected record.
Note the punctuation observed in each example. DISPLAY and PRINT are
always followed by a comma, and the line is closed with a period. No
spacing is permitted between the command and the sector mnemonic.
You will indicate to the computer which device is to display or
print your answer by means of a logical equipment number (LEN). The
LEN for each on-line device-is displayed on the front of that device,
e.g., on a console or control panel. Which LEN to use and when to
transmit it is explained elsewhere in this manual.
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GETTING A PARTIAL
SECTOR AS OUTPUT
The answer to a GET query will be a partial sector if
you specify in line 1 the mnemonic for
a field containing cumulative values
and in line 2 you direct the computer
to output the sector in which that
field is located
h -3
Given these conditions, your answer will consist of a partial sector of
each selected record, that is, only those values specified in line 1
of your query. For example:
GET,IDF,ICOUN PK,IPHOT,PHO:,MISS
DISPLAY,IPHOT.
Display on a CRT only the entries derived from
mission I land recorded in the
PHO: field.
(1) located in Pakistan and
(2) observed hotography from mission
pass
The PHO: field contains cumulative entries or values, possibly some from
other missions and/or passes; however, the answer to this query will
consist of only those values specified in line 1 of the query.
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GETTING MISSION
HIGHLIGHTS
,0001000:
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In the IDF mission highlights are recorded only in the IHIGH sector
of the record identified by machine reference number 1. This information
does not appear in the record on each installation. Entries consisting
of mission highlights are stored in the HIGH field in the IIIIGH sector.
To direct the computer to select this record and to output only those
entries in which you are interested, specify (1) MRN 000001, (2) the
IHIGH mnemonic, (3) the HIGH mnemonic, and (4+) one or more items in
line 1. In line 2 specify the sector mnemonic, IHIGH. For example:
Item with Range
Sector Field of Values
I I
GET,IDF,MRN O000 1 ,IIIIGH,HIGH,DATE 691212/691231.
DISPLAY,IHIGH.
Select from the IDF record 1.
Display only those entries
dated 12-31 December 1969, inclusive.
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SUMMARY OF
GET QUERIES
REQUIRED
SPECIFICATION
m
P1
70
m
GET,IDF,Enemonic Value].
DISPLAY,
or [ Sector
PRINT Mnemonic
GET,IDF,IBE$$ 0169-12345.
DISPLAY,IHEAD.
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IHEAD sector of
single record on
installation
identified by BE
number 01169-12345
REQUIRED
SPECIFICATION
GET,IDF,N[Inemonic Value].
DISPLAY,
or Sector
PRINT,Pnemonic.
GET,IDF,IBE$$ 0123
DISPLAY, IS TAT.
ISTAT sectors of
records on all
targets whose
first 4 BE numbers
are 0123
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REQUIRED
SPECIFICATION
GET,IDF,IGEO$ X/Latitude/Longitud]e.
DISPLAY,
or Sector
PRINT Mnemonic.
GET,IDF,IGEO
PRINT,IBRIE.
25/10 04 53 N/140 25 07 E.
IBRIE sectors of all
records on targets
located in an area
50 nm square,
centered at
coordinates cited
in line 1
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Mnemoni Sector Field
GET,IDF & Valuee,[Mnemoni],IInemonic
DISPLAY,
or Sector
PRINT,[nemoni .
F Item Ite Item Item
nemonic ValueeI,IMnemonic Value, etc.
GET,IDF,ICAT$ 00-03,IBRIE,BRI:,DATE 700115,PHAS 3.
DISPLAY,IBRIE.
GET,IDF,IMILI llO,IBRIE,BRI:,DATE 690601/691201.
DISPLAY,IBRIE.
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From records on all
targets assigned
IDHS category code
403, IBRIE sectors
containing brief
reports dated 15
Jan 70 & produced
during 3rd-phase
exploitation
From records on all
military district
110, IBRIE sectors
containing brief
reports produced
between 1 Jun 69
& 1 Dec 69
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4 RY AI SWER
GET,IDF,MRNLIST,IHEAD,COMP 21E. From recorr~s per-
PRINT,IHEAD. taining to preced-
ing query, IHEAD
sectors produced
by IEG component
21E
GET,IDF,MRN 000001,IHIGH,HIGH,DATE 691215/691231. Mission highlights
DISPLAY,IHIGH.
dated 15-31 Dec 69
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An INTER query totals the number of records on installations that
can be identified by two or more features which you will specify. In
other words, this query "asks" how many installations have this feature
and this feature and this feature and so on. An INTER query does not
output a sector or sectors of one or more records. Rather, the answer
to this type of query is in this form:
NNNN UNIT RECORD(S) APPLY
Like a GET query, an INTER query also produces a list of machine
reference numbers for the records pertaining to your answer. This list,
which will be stored temporarily in the computer, gives you the capabil-
ity of obtaining a sector from each record if you want it. If the
answer to your INTER query is that zero unit records apply, you will
receive this message:
SPECIFYING RECORDS
TO BE COUNTED
An INTER query consists of two or more lines. In each you will
indicate to the computer which records are to be counted by specifying
the mnemonic for one of seven features and a related value which will
identify a target or group of targets. You can specify only these
features:
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Mnemonic Value
IMILI Military district
ICAT$ IDHS category code
ICOUN Country code
IGEO$ Geographic area
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
ICOMI COMIREX number
IBE$$ BE number
INPIC NPIC number
However, to take advantage of the capability of this query, it is usually
better to use those listed above the dotted line. An INTER query directs
the computer to determine how many installations can be identified by all
specified features. A COMIREX, BE, or NPIC number can identify only one
installation. Therefore, if one of these features is specified in an
INTER query, the answer to that query can only be this:
1 UNIT RECORD(S) APPLY
Or this: NULL SEARCH
If you use the IGEO$ mnemonic, remember that it must be followed by not
one but three values that define a square. (See CHAPTER II.)
With four of the mnemonics listed above you can specify a truncated
value. These four are IBE$$, INPIC, ICOMI, and ICAT$. How to truncate
the values for each is explained in CHAPTER II. If you choose to do
this, the computer will count several records rather than a single
record. That is, it will determine how many targets identified by a
set of features can also be identified by the other features specified
in your query.
In an INTER query you must specify at least two features but no
more than twenty. The mnemonic and value for each are placed on a
separate line. Formats for all values are given in APPENDIX A.
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The format of an INTER query is this:
First Feature INTER,IDF,[Mnemonic Value];
Second Feature [Mnemonic Valu];
Last Feature [Mnemonic Valu].
Note the punctuation and spacing. Each line except the last is closed
with a semicolon; the last line is closed with a period. Each mnemonic
and its value is separated by one space. For example:
INTER,IDF,ICAT
IBE$$ 2015$.
0
How many installations have been
assigned IDHS category code
0
and have BE numbers beginning
with 2015.
INTER,IDF,IMILI 331;
IGEO$ 25/10 4 36 N/110 25 14 W;
ICAT$
How many targets are in military
district 331;
and in an area 50 nm square, cen-
tered at the coordinates cited
above;
and are assigned IDHS category code
0
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 TIIE MRNLIST
MNEMONIC
ed For ReleaIOP0 Cd &:
003-8
Each time you transmit a query to the computer and receive an
answer, a list of the machine reference numbers for the records pertain-
ing to your answer is produced and stored temporarily in the computer.
This list will remain in the computer only until you submit another
query; then it will be destroyed. It will also be destroyed when your
communications with the computer system are terminated. If you wish,
you may refer to this list in a subsequent INTER query, provided that
query is the next you transmit. See also CHAPTER II, THE MRNLIST
MNEMONIC.
To refer to such a list in an INTER query, specify the mnemonic,
MRNLIST, instead of the usual feature. When specified in an INTER
query, MRNLIST directs the computer to determine how many installations
represented in that list have the other features specified in your query.
For example:
INTER,IDF,ICAT
ICOUN PK;
MRNLIST.
II
How many targets are assi ned
IDHS category code
and are located in Pakistan
and are represented in a list of machine
reference numbers produced
by my preceding query.
In your next query you may also reference the list of machine reference
numbers produced by the query cited above. For instance, if you want
a sector of each record pertaining to the answer of the query cited above,
specify the MRNLIST mnemonic in a GET query. Or specify MRNLIST in
another INTER query. Transmit the query after you have received the
answer to the query cited above.
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IV
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 Appr4
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CTIAPTER IV. ALSO QUERIES
In content, format, and output ALSO queries are similar to INTER
queries. While an INTER query "asks" how many targets can be identified
by this feature and this feature and this feature, an ALSO query "asks"
how many targets identified by one of several features can also be
identified by a second feature. That is, this type of query will total
the number of records on installations that have this feature or this
feature or this feature and this feature. An ALSO query does not output
a record sector or sectors. Rather, the answer to an ALSO query is in
this form:
UNIT RECORD(S) APPLY
Like (,ET and INTER queries, an ALSO query produces a list of machine
reference numbers for the records corresponding to your answer. This
list, which will be stored temporarily in the computer, gives you the
capability of obtainiing a sector from each record if you want it.
If the answer to an ALSO query is that zero unit records apply, you
will receive this message:
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 Appr~
ved For ReleMUSECUT :
SPECIFYING RECORDS
TO BE COUNTED
9AO0970001
An ALSO query consists of two or more lines. In each you will
indicate to the computer which records are to be counted by specifying
the mnemonic for one of seven features and a related value which will
identify a target or group of targets. You can specify only these
features:
IMILI Military district
ICAT$ IDHS category code
ICOUN Country code
IGEO$ Geographic area
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
ICOMI COMIREX number
IBE$$ BE number
INPIC NPIC number
An ALSO query directs the computer to determine how many installations
identified by one of several features can also be identified by a second
feature. The second feature is specified in the last line of your query.
The others appear in the preceding lines. Thus, to take advantage of
the capability of an ALSO query, you should usually limit your choice
of a second feature to those listed above the dotted line in the table.
If you specify a BE, COMIREX, or NPIC numbers as a second feature in the
last line of your query, the answer to that query could only be this:
1 UNIT RECORD(S) APPLY
Or this: NULL SEARCH
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If you use the IGEO$ mnemonic, remember that it must be followed by not
one but three values that define a square. (See CHAPTER II.)
With four of the mnemonics listed above you can specify a truncated
value. These four are IBE$$, INPIC, ICOMI, and ICAT$. How to truncate
the values for each is explained in CHAPTER II. If you choose to do this,
the computer will count several records rather than a single record.
In an ALSO query you must specify at least three features but no
more than twenty. The mnemonic and value for each are placed on a sep-
arate line. Formats for all values are given in APPENDIX A.
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FORMAT OF AN
ALSO QUERY
The format of an ALSO query is this:
Line 1 ALSO,IDF,[Mnemonic Value];
Set
of Line 2 [Mnemonic Value];
Features
Line 3 [Mnemonic Value];
Second
Feature Last line [Mnemonic Value].
Note the punctuation and spacing. Each line except the last is closed
with a semicolon; the last line is closed with a period. Each mnemonic
and its value is separated by one space. For example:
ALSO,IDF,ICOUN PK;
IMILI 015;
ICAT
How many targets are in Pakistan;
or in military district 15;
and are assigned IDHS category
code
Expressed another way, this query "asks" how many targets
are in military district 15 and are assigned IDHS category
are in Pakistan and are assigned IDHS category code
or
0
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ALSO,IDF,IMILI 109;
IMILI 11
ICAT*
IGEO$ 65 31 17 18 N/150 it 08 w.
0097000
How many installations
are in military district 109 and in the geographic
square defined in the last line;
or, are in military district 110 and in the geographic
square defined in the last line;
or, are assigned IDHS category code and in the
geographic square defined in the
ALSO,IDF,IMILI 1/9;
IMILI 110;
ICOMI 12A$;
ICAT$ 33$;
IGEO$ 25/31 17 18 N/150 16 /8 w.
How many installations
are in military district 109 and in the geographic
square defined in the last line;
or, in military district 110 and in the geographic
square defined in the last line;
or, have COMIREX numbers beginning with 12A and are
located in the geographic square defined in the
last line;
or, are assigned IDES category codes beginning with
33 and are located in the geographic square
defined in the last line.
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 Approved
THE MRNLIST
MNEMONIC
For ReleaaUP0 MET:
Each time you transmit a query to the computer and receive an
answer, a list of the machine reference numbers for the records pertain-
ing to your answer is produced and stored temporarily in the computer.
This list will remain in the computer only until you submit another
query; then it will be destroyed. It will also be destroyed when your
communications with the computer system are terminated. If you wish,
you may refer to this list in a subsequent ALSO query, provided that
query is the next you transmit. See also CHAPTERS II and III, THE
MRNLIST MNEMONIC.
To refer to such a list in an ALSO query, specify the mnemonic,
MRNLIST, instead of the usual feature. When specified in any line of
an ALSO query, this mnemonic performs the same function as the feature
it replaces. For example:
ALSO,IDF,ICOUN PK;
ICOUN CZ;
MRNLIST.
How many installations
are in Pakistan and in a list of machine
reference numbers produced by my
preceding query;
or, in Czechoslovakia and in a list of machine
reference numbers produced by my preceding
query.
ALSO,IDF,MRNLIST;
ICOUN PK;
ICOUN CZ.
How many installations
are represented in a list of machine reference
numbers produced by my preceding query and
are located in Czechoslovakia;
or, are located in Pakistan and in Czechoslo-
vakia.
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In your next query you may also reference the list of machine reference
numbers produced by the query cited above. For instance, if you want a
sector of each record pertaining to the answer for that query, specify
the MRNLIST mnemonic in a GET query. Or specify MRNLIST in a subsequent
INTER or ALSO query. Transmit the query after you have received the
answer to the query cited above.
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V
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CHAPTER V. SIMPLIFIED PIRL QUERIES
You can also use a simplified PIRL query. This type of query directs
the computer to select one record from the IDF and display or print one
sector of that record. The query consists of only one line. First,
specify the machine reference number of the record containing the sector
you want and then the mnemonic for that sector. All sector mnemonics
are listed under GET QUERIES: SECTOR MNEMONICS FOR LINE 2 in APPENDIX A.
The general form of a simplified PIRL query is this:
Sector I
nemonic.
551114,IHEAD.
Select record 551114 from the IDF;
display or print the header
sector on the device being used.
551ll4,ILOCA.
Select record 551114 from the IDF;
display or print the ILOCA sector
on the device being used.
The answer to a simplified query will always be returned to the device
used for transmitting the query. The LEN of this device is specified
when you set up communications with the computer system. (See CHAPTERS
VI and VII.)
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VI
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CHAPTER VI. SUBMITTING QUERIES AND RECEIVING
ANSWERS ON A CRT
Before using a CRT, be sure that you have constructed each query
according to the instructions given in the preceding chapters. You may
transmit as many queries as you wish during one sitting. To make the
most of this opportunity it is recommended that you list your queries on
paper before using a CRT. After each query has been transmitted, you
will receive an answer within a short time. Then submit your next query,
if any. A teletypewriter will always be associated with the CRT you use;
some messages from the computer system will be transmitted to it rather
than to the CRT. Initialization and turnoff procedures for CRTs are
explained in Introduction to the Remote Access Computer Service.
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SETTING UP COMMUNICATIONS
WITH THE COMPUTER SYSTEM
To set up communications with the UNIVAC )49)4 computer system follow
these steps in the order listed.
control switch, then
TYPE
ERASE
PAGE
STEP 2 Type PIRL,LEN (of CRT you are using)
Type a comma after PIRL.
LEN = logical equipment number.
Pressing the LF key will move the
cursor to character position 1 in
the next line.
STEP 3 Type Your Component Code,Name,Extension
Press EOM key
in second row of control switches
Pressing XMIT PAGE will transmit this
data to the computer.
If communications with the computer have been properly established, the
ACK MSG status lamp will go on almost immediately. You will then receive
a message on the teletype associated with the CRT you are using. The
message will include this data: PIRL, the first ten characters you type
in line 2, and a job number (JNR) assigned by the computer system.
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MSG
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Although other information will also appear in the message, you need
not be concerned with it. For example:
PIRL, JOHN DOE, IE SMT=1128 494P JOB
JNR=1234567896 PRI=O PTS=O MCQ=2 X
Wait for the UNSOL MSG switch (top row of function switches) to go on,
then continue with STEP 4.
STEP 4 Press
to turn it off. Wait for
this message to appear on
the screen:
WELCOME TO PIRL
PLEASE CLEAR SCREEN BEFORE STARTING QUERY
ERASE
PAGE
You are now ready to type your first query.
Once you have properly established communications with the computer
system, you must respond to any message received from that system within
five minutes. You can respond by
* either submitting a query
* or pressing a function switch
If you do not respond, you will receive a message stating that communi-
cations are about to be terminated. Immediately after you receive such
a message, communications will automatically be terminated.
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If communications with the computer system have not been properly
established, that is, the ACK MSG lamp does not go on, follow the pro-
cedures given below.
If there is no message on the screen and
the REPEAT ACTION status lamp is on,
repeat STEPS 2, 3, and 4 cited above.
If there is no message on the screen and
the REPEAT ACTION status lamp is not on,
contact the Chief, Systems Programming
Branch, AID for assistance.
* If EOT is displayed anywhere on the screen,
If a message that does not include EOT
appears on the screen,
repeat STEPS 2, 3, and 4 cited above
ERASE
PAGE
TERM
If still another message appears,
Type these words exactly as given; do not
separate them with spaces. Then,
type KILLTHEJOB
ERASE
PAGE
XMIT
PAGE
Wait until EOT appears on the screen. When
it does,
ERASE
PAGE
repeat STEPS 2, 3, and 4 cited previously.
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 TRANSMITTING
QUERIES
ved For ReleI P20$E'F 1I
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0003-8
To type one or more queries and transmit them to the computer
follow the steps listed below. Remember that there are no lower-case
letters on a CRT. Thus, the L key cannot be used to type the numeral 1.
Type Your first query. As you do, it
will appear on the screen.
the last.
Do not press this key until you have
typed the required punctuation at the
end of each line.
Press ( LF) at the end of each line except
Press (EOM)key at the end of the last line.
XMIT
PAGE
Pressing this switch transmits your
query to the computer.
Wait for your answer to appear on
the screen.
Shortly after you have transmitted your query to the computer, your
answer (if any) will appear on the screen. After reading your answer,
you may submit additional queries.
- the last query transmitted was an INTER
or an ALSO query
- you received NULL SEARCH in answer to a
GET or simplified query
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* Press the PIRL MODE function switch if
- the last query transmitted was a
GET or simplified PIRL query
- and you received an answer
Now submit your next query.
Correcting
Errors
At any time while you are typing a query on a CRT keyboard, you
can correct errors by replacing, deleting, and inserting characters.
To replace a character or characters in a query, place the cursor
under the character to be replaced. Type the correct character. For
example,
Before: TIPE
After striking the Y key: TYPE
To delete a character place the cursor under the character to be
deleted. Press the DELETE control switch, then the space bar. For
example,
Before: DELEETE
After striking space bar: DELETE
Then press the TYPE control switch and continue to type your query.
To insert a character move the cursor to the position in which the
character is to be inserted. Press the INSERT control switch. Then
type the desired character. For example,
Before: INERT
After striking the S key: INSERT
Press the TYPE control switch and continue to type your query.
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If you are typing a query and for any reason wish to retype it,
press the ERASE PAGE control switch, retype your query, and transmit
it to the computer.
Transmitting a LEN
for Printed Answers
If you submit a GET query and PRINT is specified in line 2, you
will receive this message:
Type LEN of the teletypewriter or DCT 2000
to which you want your answer sent.
Type the LEN over the three dashes
at the end of the message.
Place the cursor under the first
digit of the LEN.
XMIT
BLOCK
You will receive this message which
will usually appear shortly after
you have pressed this switch:
Do not use the keyboard until this
message appears on the screen.
The message, FUNCTION COMPLETE, indicates that the computer has processed
your request. However, no printing has begun. How soon you will receive
a printed copy of your answer will depend on the number of requests that
must be serviced at the time.
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While FUNCTION COMPLETE is displayed on the screen, you may
either resume reading the answer to
your current query by pressing the
NEXT PAGE function switch
or press ERASE PAGE and enter another
query
or terminate your communications with
the computer by pressing the TERM
function switch
RECEIVING ANSWERS TO GET
AND SIMPLIFIED QUERIES
Shortly after you have transmitted either a GET or simplified
query to the computer, the first "page" of your answer will appear on
the CRT screen. A "page" is the amount of data that can be displayed
on the screen at one time, namely, about 400 words. If the entire
answer to your query cannot be displayed on the screen at one time, press
the NEXT PAGE function switch as often as necessary. Each time you press
this switch, the next page of your answer will appear on the screen.
If you want to recall a previously displayed page, press the PREV PAGE
function switch.
If you receive an obviously incorrect or garbled page, press the
RE-XMIT function switch to correct this problem. If the page continues
to be illegible, press ERASE PAGE and resubmit your query.
If there are no IDF records that meet all specifications expressed
in your GET query, this message will appear on the screen:
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For any given GET query, no more than 20 of the records selected
from the file will be used to answer the query. If more than 20 records
are required to answer the query, this kind of message will appear ,It
the bottom of the screen of the CRT you are using:
TOO MANY RECORDS IN ANSWER. NNNN UNIT RECORD(S) APPLY.
NNNN represents the number of records needed to answer your query. In
some instances you will really need only a portion of the records that
you directed the computer to select. To receive only the data you need,
submit another GET query. Use the MRNLIST mnemonic and additional
specifications so that the computer will reduce the number of records
to be selected and output only what you need. (See CHAPTER II.)
On the other hand, if you need all records selected by your pre-
vious GET query, use the Batch Query Language (BQL) to compose the query
and submit it via a CRT keyboard. How and when to do this is explained
in USING THE BATCH QUERY LANGUAGE TO RETRIEVE OVER 20 RECORDS at the
end of this chapter.
If the answer to your GET query consists of more than 20 pages of
displayed data, this message will appear on the screen of the CRT you
are using:
When you receive this message, you can do one of two things:
1. either read the 20 pages of information
already transmitted to the CRT you are
using by pressing the NEXT PAGE and PREV
PAGE function switches, as appropriate;
2. or submit a new GET query that includes
the MRNLIST mnemonic and other appropriate
specifications so that you get only part
of the data.
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GETTING PRINTED COPIES OF ANSWERS
TO GET AND SIMPLIFIED QUERIES
k
Even though you may not have specified PRINT in line 2 of a GET
query, you can still obtain a printed copy of the answer to that query.
You may also obtain a printed copy of the answer to a simplified PIRL
query. However, you must decide whether you want a printed copy of
your answer before you submit another query, or, if you do not intend
to submit another query, before you terminate communications with the
computer system.
To obtain a printed copy of one page display the page you want
printed. Then,
PRINT
PAGE
You will then receive this message:
Type the LEN of the teletype or DCT 2000 to
which you want your output sent. Type this
LEN over the three dashes at the end of the
message.
Place the cursor under the first digit of
the LEN.
BLOCK
XMIT
You will receive this message which will
usually appear shortly after you have
pressed the control switch:
Do not use the keyboard until this message
appears on the screen.
PWO
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To obtain a printed copy of more than one page press the PRINT
REPORT function switch. Then follow the procedures given above for
obtaining a printed copy of one page.
RECEIVING ANSWERS TO
INTER AND ALSO QUERIES
The answers to INTER and ALSO queries will always be displayed in
this form:
NNNN UNIT RECORD(S) APPLY
NNNN represents the number of records that answer your query. If no
records meet the conditions specified in your query, this message will
appear on the screen of the CRT you are using:
To retrieve the records represented by the total count submit a
GET query that specifies the MENLIST mnemonic. (See CHAPTER II.)
GETTING MACHINE
REFERENCE NUMBERS
Remember that each time you transmit a query and receive an answer,
a list of machine reference numbers for the records pertaining to your
answer is produced and stored temporarily in the computer. You can
display this list at any time while your answer appears on the screen.
To display this list press the DISP MRNS function switch. If the list
consists of more than 180 machine reference numbers, only the first
180 will be displayed on the CRT screen. If you need the entire list,
obtain a printed copy of the list. To do this follow the procedures
given in GETTING PRINTED COPIES OF ANSWERS TO GET AND SIMPLIFIED QUERIES
with one exception: begin the sequence of procedures by pressing the
PRINT MRNS function switch, not the PRINT PAGE switch.
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DISPLAYING QUERIES
DURING OUTPUT
59AO09700
At any time you can interrupt the display of output in order to
reread the query that produced that output. To display such a query
press the LAST QUERY function switch. In the case of GET and simplified
queries, the answer being displayed on the CRT screen will be replaced
by the query that produced that answer. This will in no way affect the
answer. In the case of INTER and ALSO queries, the answer (a statistic)
will remain on the screen; the pertinent query will appear at the top
of the screen.
To remove a displayed query and, when pertinent, redisplay an
answer, press the NEXT PAGE function switch.
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USING THE BATCH QUERY
LANGUAGE TO RETRIEVE
OVER 20 RECORDS
b970001000
If more than 20 records are required to answer your previous GET
query and you need all these records, you can receive them by using the
Batch Query Language (BQL) rather than the PIRL Query Language to compose
your query. How to do this and how to transmit such a query via a CRT
is explained in the procedures given below. If you are notified that
your communications with the computer are to be terminated while you are
recomposing your query, press the RE-XMIT function switch. Pressing
this switch will extend communications with the computer for another
five minutes.
BQL
MODE
You will then receive this message:
YOU ARE NOW IN BQL MODE. CLEAR
SCREEN BEFORE ENTERING BQL
STATEMENTS.
ERASE
PAGE
The screen will be cleared; the
cursor will return to home position.
You are now ready to enter a BQZ
query.
Composing a BQL query can be done in one of two ways. Which method
to use will depend upon what you specified in line 1 of your previous
GET query. If you specified a field containing several entries (cumu-
lative values), the format of your previous GET query was this:
GET,IDF,
Mnemonic Sector
& Value,[ nemoni],
M Field
neuronic,
I t e m 1 I t e m 2
Mnemonic Value Mnemonic Value.
I AI
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Therefore, use this BQ,L format and reconstruct your query:
FOR FILE IDF;
r Sector
REPORT Mnemonic ON [LEN];
Sector Field Item 1
WHEN [Mnemoni],[nemonic],[nemoni] EQ. [Value
Chm icJ r
Mnemmonic EQ Value ]2;
Last Item
Mnemonic
Mnc) EQ Value.
Please note the margins, spacing, and punctuation to be observed when
composing a query in this query language. Begin typing the statements
that start with FOR, REPORT, and WHEN at the left margin. Indent five (5)
spaces from the left margin, before typing all other statements. Note
that a single space appears before and after the letters EQ. All other
spacing to be observed is indicated in the format. The LEN you specify
in line 2 must be that of a teletypewriter, DCT 2000, or high-speed
printer -- not that of a CRT. For example:
FOR FILE IDF;
REPORT IHEAD ON 025;
WHEN IOBJE OBJE DATE E 690415;
F7 I
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If, however, in line 1 of your previous GET query you did not
specify a field in which entries are cumulative and you want all records
required to answer that query, use this BQL format and reconstruct
your query:
FOR FILE IDF;
Sector
REPORT Mnemonic ON [LE].
The LEN you specify in line 2 must be that of a teletypewriter, DCT
2000, or high-speed printer -- not that of a CRT. Then,
XMIT
PAGE
You will receive this message on the screen:
You may now continue to submit PIRL queries or terminate your
communications with the computer. Before submitting additional PIRL
queries, press the PIRL MODE function switch. To terminate communica-
tions with the computer press the TERM function switch.
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VII
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TOP SECRET
CHAPTER VII. SUBMITTING QUERIES AND RECEIVING
ANSWERS ON TELETYPEWRITERS
The teletypewriters you can use to transmit PIRL queries are the
ASR and KSR Model 35 Teletypes and the Kleinschmidt Model 311 Electronic
Data Printer. These devices are located in remote stations throughout
the building and are on line with the UNIVAC 494 computer system. Two
types of Kleinschmidt printers will be available. One can be used to
transmit queries and to receive output. The other will only print out-
put and will have no keyboard. You can submit up to two queries in one
transmission. It is recommended that you list your query or queries
on paper before using a teletypewriter. The procedures for transmitting
queries via all these devices are identical. How to initialize a tele-
typewriter is explained in Introduction to the Remote Access Computer
Service.
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TRANSMITTING
QUERIES
Before transmitting a query on a teletypewriter, be sure that the
computer system is available for use by pressing these keys in the order
listed:
'ALT '
MODE
+ (SVC) simultaneously
If the system is available, you will receive this kind of message on the
teletype you are using:
102 0940 A RYE READY
(LEN) (Time)
If such a message does not appear, press
Q00002
(Number of Programs
in the Queue)
+ (EOT" simultaneously
A so-called RYE READY message will then be printed. If it is not,
contact the Chief, Systems Programming Branch, AID for assistance.
You will receive no other messages from the computer system before
you transmit a query.
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To transmit a query via a teletypewriter follow these procedures
in the order listed.
Type PIRL,LEN
Your Component Code,Name,Extension
Type Line 1 of first query
Line 2 of first query (if any)
Last line of first query.
Repeat this typing sequence
for second query, if any.
The LEN or logical equipment number you specify here must be that of the
teletypewriter, DCT 2000, or other on-line printer to which your answer
will be transmitted. This device may or may not be the one you are
using. R/L is an abbreviation for the RETURN and LINE FEED keys. If
the first query to be transmitted is invalid, the computer will not
accept the second query (if any) submitted in the same transmission.
Correct all errors and resubmit both queries.
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If you submit two queries in one transmission, you should submit
them in one of the following combinations listed below. The sequence
given in each combination must also be observed.
1 INTER query
1 INTER query
1 ALSO query
1 ALSO query
1 INTER query
1 ALSO query
1 INTER query
1 GET query
1 ALSO query
1 GET query
1 ALSO query
1 INTER query
Two GET or two simplified queries require separate transmissions.
TRANSMITTING QUERIES
ON PAPER TAPE
If you wish, you can use the ASR paper tape punch and reader unit
to punch and transmit queries. Recording queries on paper tape is a
time-saving measure since you can transmit frequently used queries with-
out using the keyboard each time.
Punching Queries
on Paper Tape
The paper tape punch and reader unit is located on the left side
of the ASR teletype. Before punching a tape, you must convert the
teletype to a so-called local mode, that is, to an off-line status.
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Instructions for doing this appear on the control panel. After the
conversion is complete, you will receive this teletype message indicating
that the ASR is in a local mode:
1.
Press these keys in the order listed:
ALT MODE
CTRL + SVC simultaneously
L
2.
Turn the PUNCH button to ON.
3.
Feed about six inches of tape
through
the tape gate by pressing and
holding these keys:
simultaneously
CTRL, SHIFT, KEPT, P
Hold all these keys down until the desired
amount of paper tape has been fed through
the tape gate.
4. Follow the instructions given in the
TRANSMITTING QUERIES section in this
chapter. A copy of your input will be
printed by the teletype you are using.
5. Tear off the punched paper tape. To
identify your tape it is recommended
that you place a label and date in a
conspicuous place at the beginning
of the tape.
6. Press the RESET button to return the
teletype to on-line status. Turn the
PUNCH button to OFF.
You are now ready to transmit your query via the ASR paper tape reader.
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Transmitting Queries
Punched on Paper Tape
Be sure that the ASR teletype is on line. To transmit your query
via the paper tape reader follow these procedures:
1. Press the square red button under the
tape gate to release the gate.
2. Place the tape over the feed holes on
the tape feed wheel; the narrower, un-
perforated margin must face the tape
reader, not you.
3. Place the code holes of the first character
to be read slightly behind the sensing pins.
4+. Close and lock the tape gate by pushing it
down. Press the READER ON button.
The tape will stop when the last punched character has been read. Press
the square red button to release the tape.
RECEIVING
ANSWERS
Shortly after you have transmitted a query or queries to the computer
system, the answer(s) will be printed by the teletypewriter, DCT 2000,
or other on-line printer you have specified via a LEN. The answer to a
GET query will be a sector or partial sector. Answers to INTER and
ALSO queries will always be printed in this form:
NNNN UNIT RECORD(S) APPLY
NNNN represents the number of records that answer your query.
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If there are no records in the IDF that meet all your specifications,
you will receive this message on the teletypewriter you are using:
To retrieve sectors from the records represented by the answer to
an INTER or ALSO query, submit a GET query that specifies the MRNLIST
mnemonic. Type the GET query immediately after your INTER or ALSO
query; transmit both to the computer at the'same time. If both are
not transmitted at the same time, the next transmission will destroy
the list of machine reference numbers produced by your INTER or ALSO
query.
OUTPUT LIMITATIONS:
GET QUERIES
For any given GET query, no more than 10 of the records selected
from the file will be used to answer the query. If more than 10 records
are required to answer the query, this kind of message will be printed
by the teletypewriter you are using:
TOO MANY RECORDS IN ANSWER. NNNN UNIT RECORD(S) APPLY
NNNN represents the number of records needed to answer your query. In
some instances you will need only a portion of the records you directed
the computer to select. To receive only the data you need, submit
another GET query; use the MRNLIST mnemonic and additional specifications
so that the computer will reduce the number of records to be selected
and output only what you need. (See CHAPTER II.)
If you need all records selected by your previous GET query, use
the Batch Query Language (BQL) to compose your query. (See user's
Manual for the Batch Query Language.)
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GETTING MACHINE
REFERENCE NUMBERS
01n 0.0.0-8
Each time you transmit an INTER or an ALSO query and receive an
answer, a list of machine reference numbers for the records pertaining
to your answer is produced and stored temporarily in the computer. If
you wish, you can get a copy of this list. However, directing the
computer to print the list of machine reference numbers produced by an
INTER or ALSO query precludes submitting two queries in the same trans-
mission.
To get a copy of the list type only one query and the word PRINT
immediately after the last line of the query; then transmit this data
to the computer.
Line 1 of query; R/L
Line 2 of query; R/L
Last line of query.
PRINT.
The list of machine reference numbers will be printed by the same device
that will print your answer.
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VIII
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 ved For ReleTO2(HAT
CHAPTER VIII. SUMMARY OF PIRL QUERIES
69AO09700
GET QUERIES
Function Select one or more records that meet your specifications
and output a sector or partial sector of each.
Restrictions Required specification: one of eight mnemonics and a
related value which identify a target or group of tar-
gets; placed immediately after the file mnemonic.
Optional specifications: values you need in one field
or in one or more items in the same field in each
selected record.
Will not select more than 5,000 records from the IDF on
the basis of one of the required mnemonics and a value.
Truncating values: limited to values expressed with the
IBE$$, INPIC, ICOMI, and ICAT$ mnemonics; only a certain
number of characters can be truncated.
Range of values: can be expressed only with field and
item mnemonics.
Transmitting GET queries via a teletypewriter: in one
transmission, only one GET query can be submitted with
an INTER or ALSO query; two GET queries require separate
transmissions.
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For answers displayed on a CRT screen:
- no more than 20 records are selected
- no more than 20 pages are displayed.
- no more than 180 machine reference numbers
can be displayed at one time
For answers printed by a teletypewriter: rv more than
10 records are selected.
Function Total the number of installations identified by ,a11
features specified and output this total.
At least two but no more than twenty features are to
be specified in each query.
Truncating values: limited to the values expressed
with the IBE$$, INPIC9 ICOMI, and ICAT$ mnemonics; only
a certain number of characters can be truncated.
Transmitting INTER queries via a teletypewritc,r: no
more than two INTER queries can be submitted in the
same transmission; only one can be trcnsmit;ted with an
ALSO or GET query.
Function Total the number of installations identified by one of
several features and by a second feature; output is
this total.
At least three but no more than twenty features are to
be specified in each query.
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Truncating values: limited to the values expressed with
the IBE$$, INPIC, ICOMI, and ICAT$ mnemonics; only a
certain number of characters can be truncated.
Transmitting ALSO queries via a teletypewriter: no more
than two ALSO queries can be submitted in the same
transmission; only one can be transmitted with an INTER
or GET query.
Function Based on a machine reference number, select one record
from the IDF and print or display one sector of that
record.
Restrictions When transmitted via a teletypewriter, two simplified
queries require separate transmissions.
Answer is always returned to the on-line device used
for transmitting the query.
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OW
CTTAPTER IX. ERROR MESSAGES
I759AO097 0010003-8 2X1
If you have transmitted an invalid query to the computer, you will
receive an error message. Each error message will appear immediately
after the invalid query. All error messages, what they mean, and what
to do about each is explained on the following pages.
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ERROR MESSAGES
(Messages are listed in alphabetical order)
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ILL DELIM - NOT A BLANK
ILL DELIM - NOT A COMMA
ILL DELIM - NOT SEMICOL
ILL DELIM - NOT SLASH
ILLEGAL FIELD NAME
ILLEGAL FILE NAME
Required blank omitted
Required comma omitted
Required semicolon
omitted
Required slash omitted
Invalid field mnemonic
for specified sector
Invalid file mnemonic
used in query
Resubmit query; if error re-
curs, contact Chief, Infor-
mation Systems Branch, AID
Correct spacing & resubmit
query
Correct punctuation & resub-
mit query
Correct punctuation & resub-
mit query
Correct punctuation & resub-
mit query
Correct field mnemonic; re-
submit ouery
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ERROR MESSAGES (CONTINUED)
Error Message Error
ILLEGAL GEO INDEX TERMS
X value specified with
IGEO$ to define geog-
raphic square is over
999 nn
ILLEGAL INDEX NAME
ILLEGAL INDEX VALUE
ILLEGAL ITEM NAME
Invalid mnemonic in re-
quired specification
in GET query; or in-
valid mnemonic in
INTER or ALSO query
Reduce value to less than 999
nm; resubmit query
Correct mnemonic; resubmit
see APPENDIX A -1
r
y;
que
O
Range of values used in Range of values cannot be
required specification used; replace range of 25X1
in line 1 of GET query values with 1 value; resub-
or with mnemonic in mit query
INTER or ALSO query
Invalid item mnemonic Correct item mnemonic; resub-
for specified field mit query; see APPENDIX A
& sector
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ILLEGAL KEYBOARD MSG Invalid function switch Press correct function switch
pressed on CRT control & submit new query or press
panel TERM function switch
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ERROR MESSAGES (CONTINUED)
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Error Message
ILLEGAL LAT-LONG
ILLEGAL LEN
ILLEGAL QUERY COMMAND
Latitude &/or longitude
specified with IGEO$
unrealistic or does
not conform to re-
quired convention
LEN of on-line device
not authorized to re-
ceive output or number
is incorrect
Invalid command (first
word in query)
Invalid sector mnemonic
in line 2 of GET query
Invalid feature specified
in INTER or ALSO query;
or invalid value ex-
pressed in required
specification in line
1 of GET query
Correct values & resubmit
query; see APPENDIX A
Specify valid LEN & resubmit
query
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Type GET, INTER, or ALSO; re-
submit query
Correct sector mnemonic & re-
submit query; see APPENDIX A
See APPENDIX A for correct
features & values; resubmit
query
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ILLEGAL VALUE FOR DATE
INTER, ALSO LS 2 COND
INVALID MRN
LAST QUERY NOT RECEIVED
ERROR MESSAGES (CONTINUED)
Error
Value for DATE item is
invalid
INTER query must consist
of at least 2 fea-
tures; ALSO query must
consist of at least 3
LAST QUERY function
switch on CRT pressed
but last query not
received by computer
BQL MODE function
switch on CRT pressed
but no Y3N list exists
Correct sector mnemonic; re-
submit query
Must be YYMMDD
YY = year, last 2 digits
MM = month, NN
DD = day, NN
Resubmit query
Correct MRN; resubmit query
Press PIRL MODE function
switch & enter new PIRL
query
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ERROR MESSAGES (CONTINUED)
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Error Message Error
NO DATA PAGES TO PRINT
NO INDEX VALUE GIVEN
NO MRNLIST BUILT
NO MRN LIST TO PRINT
NO PREVIOUS PAGE
PRINT PAGE or PRINT Press ERASE PAGE control
REPORT on CRT pressed switch & enter new PIRL
but no data is avail- query
able for printing
Mnemonic in required Insert value in line 1 & re-
specification in GET submit query
query specified with-
out value
MRNLIST mnemonic speci- Enter new query that excludes
fied but list of MRNs MRNLIST mnemonic
unavailable
PRINT MRNS function Press ERASE PAGE control
switch on CRT pressed switch & enter new PIRL
but no machine ref-
erence numbers are
available for printing
PREV PAGE switch on Press NEXT PAGE or press PIRL
CRT pressed but no MODE function switch &
previous page exists enter new query
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ERROR MESSAGES (CONTINUED)
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NO RFT SPECIFIED
NO STATEMENT TERMINATOR
NOTHING TO RETRANSMIT
QUERY INCOMPLETE
QUERY TOO BIG
RANGE VALUES INCOMPAT
Sector mnemonic not
specified in line 2
of GET query
Last line of query not
closed with period
RE-XMIT function switch
on CRT pressed but
there is no data to
retransmit
Line 2 of GET query is
missing
Too many features
specified in INTER
or ALSO query
First & last values in
range are either not
alphabetic, not nu-
meric, or not in cor-
rect alphanumeric
sequence
Specify sector mnemonic in
line 2; resubmit query
Insert period at end of line
& resubmit query
Enter new PIRL query
Enter both lines
Delete excess features & re-
submit query; maximum is 20
See APPENDIX A or B for cor-
rect formats; specify
either all alpha or all nu-
meric characters or correct
sequence of alphanumeric
characters in lst & last
values in range; resubmit
query
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ERROR MESSAGES (CONTINUED)
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Error Messages Error
Call Chief, Information
RANGE VALUES REVERSED First value in range is Reverse values & resubmit
larger than last query; see APPENDIX B
UNRECOGNIZABLE STATUS nn
FROM EFC
VALUE GR 40 CHAR
Systems Branch, AID
Value specified with Verify format & length of
field or item mnemonic value by checking APPENDIX
is over 40 characters A; be sure field & item can
be specified; correct value
& resubmit query
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APPENDIX A. VOCABULARY FOR THE PIRL QUERY LANGUAGE
One or more of the mnemonics listed below must be used in all GET, INTER, and ALSO
queries. For INTER and ALSO queries the vocabulary is limited to these mnemonics. Op-
tional mnemonics for GET queries are listed elsewhere in this appendix.
MNEMONICS USED IN GET, INTER, AND ALSO QUERIES
(N = number; A = letter; b = blank)
Mnemonic Related Value Format of Value
ICOMI COMIREX number 9 characters
NNANNNNAA or
NANNNNbb
IBE$
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O
Remarks
M
n
Left justify; leave unused T
positions blank
BE number 10 characters If necessary, use leading
NNNN-U zero as first character
NNNNANNNNN
INPIC NPIC number 12 characters
NNNN-NNNN-AN
ICOUN Country code 2 characters
AA
Leave unused positions
blank; left justify
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APPENDIX A. VOCABULARY FOR THE PIRL QUERY LANGUAGE (CONTINUED)
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ICAT$
IGEO$
Format of Value
Military dis-
trict number
IDHS category
code
Machine ref-
erence number
Nm & coordi-
nates defining
given geo-
graphic
square
3 characters
NNN
5 characters
NNNNN
1-6 characters
NNNNNN
Nm/latitude/longitude
N-
NNNNNNA/NNNA or
N- NN
NNN/NN NN NN NNN NN NN A
Right justify; insert lead-
ing zeros
Right justify; insert lead-
ing zeros if necessary
A = direction
If minutes & seconds are
unknown, insert zeros
Leading zeros for unused
positions must be inserted
in latitude & longitude
values
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O
0
m
7O
M
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APPENDIX A. VOCABULARY FOR THE PIRL QUERY LANGUAGE (CONTINUED)
Optional mnemonics for GET queries are listed below. A brief des-
cription of the entries for sectors, fields, and items in the IDF and the
format of these entries can be found in the Format and Mnemonics for
Records in the Installations Data File. Copies of this publication are
available in AID/PSG.
GET QUERIES: MNEMONICS FOR LINE 1
Sector Field Item
IBRIE BRI: ADEN
CLAS
DATE
MISS
PHAS
DIR: AGEN
CLAS
DATE
ICNTR CNTR AREA
COVR
CREQ
DATE
FLAG
FRM:
MISS
MODE
OTHR
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APPENDIX A. VOCABULARY FOR THE PIRL QUERY LANGUAGE (CONTINUED)
Sector Field Item
ICNTR CNTR PART
QUAL
PHAS
TIME
URG:
WETH
ICOLL COLL CLAS
DATE
FLAG
IDESC DES: AGEN
CLAS
DATE
FLAG
MISS
PHAS
TRIN
IDETE DET: AGEN
CLAS
DATE
MISS
PHAS
IHEAD AGEN
BE$$
CAT$
COMI
COMP
CORV
COUN
CPRI
DELE
GEO$
INDI
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APPENDIX A. VOCABULARY FOR THE PIRL QUERY LANGUAGE (CONTINUED)
Sector Field Item
IHEAD MILI
MRN$
NAME
NAMV
NCAT
NPIC
NTPC
SRAD
TSTA
XPRI
THIGH HIGH AGEN
CLAS
DATE
FLAG
MISS
PHAS
ILOCA IDC:
IDH:
ELEV
UTM:
WAGC
INEGA NSEC AGEN
CLAS
DATE
MISS
PHAS
NSTA AGEN
CLAS
DATE
MISS
PHAS
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APPENDIX A. VOCABULARY FOR THE PIRL QUERY LANGUAGE (CONTINUED)
IOBJE OBJE AGEN
CLAS
DATE
FLAG
MISS
OCLA
OCNT
ONAM
ONUM
OVAL
PHAS
TYPE
IPHOT PHO: ACME
AGEN
BEST
CLAS
CMRA
COVR
CREQ
DATE
FCOR
FLAG
INDC
MISS
MODE
OTHR
PASS
QUAL
WETH
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APPENDIX A. VOCABULARY FOR THE PIRL QUERY LANGUAGE (CONTINTPTD)
Sector Field Item
ISECU DFC: AGEN
CLAS
DATE
FLAG
MISS
PHAS
ISTAT STA: AGEN
CLAS
DATE
FLAG
MISS
PHAS
GET QUERIES: MNEMONICS FOR LINE 2
All sector mnemonics listed above
and the following sector mnemonics:
INOTE
IREAD
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APPENDIX B. CHARACTER SEQUENCE FOR A RANGE OF VALUES
Ccc rz.~ o CHAPTER II, Specifying a Range of Values.
Character
or Symbol
Character
or Symbol
Chrj.r~,.eter
or Symbol.
Blank
P
A
B
R
C
D
S
0 zero
T
1
E
U
2
F
V
3
W
) I
X
5
r
y
6
J
Z
7
K
)
8
L
_
9
M
& ampersand
V
x-
. period
0
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APPENDIX C. GLOSSARY OF TERMS
1'11ARAC'T : R A single letter, number, or symbol.
Cathode-ray tube; in this manual synonymous with
Sanders Tabular Display device.
l~'EATURI? In INTER and ALSO queries, that which identities an
installation or group of installations; expressed by
means of a mnemonic and a related value; in the PIRL
Query Language only seven features are used.
In a record sector, an assigned area or location in
which a particular category of data is recorded; may
or may not be divided into items; in the IDF the name
of each field is expressed in terms of c mnemonic,
FORMAT The arrangement of data in a record, sector, field,
or item; also refers to the arrangement, of data. that
is input or output.
HOME POSITION Character position 1, line 1 on a CRT screen.
IDF Installations Data File.
ITEM In a field, an assigned area or location in which a
particular unit of information is recorded; the name
of each item is expressed in terms of a mnemonic.
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APPENDIX C. GLOSSARY OF TERMS (CONTINUED)
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Nii\Jh;MONC Combinations of letters or of letters ra.ridl. symbols
used in the PIRL Query Language; similar to abbre-
viations; also used as names of sectors, fields, and
items in the IDF.
MRN Machine reference number assigned by the computer to
each record in the IDF for identification purposes;
will not be changed or transferred to another file
record.
ON LINE The status of equipment located in remote stations,
that is, connected to the UNIVAC 494 computer system.
QUERY One or more statements directing the computer to
perform certain operations, e.g., to select records
from the IDF, total the number of installations
identified by certain features, output data.
RECORD In the IDF a group of related facts on on(, target;
divided into sectors, fields, and items.
SECTOR In an IDF record, an assigned area or location in
which a particular category of information is recorded;
always divided into fields; each IDF record is
comprised of 13 sectors; the name of each sector is
expressed in terms of a mnemonic.
UNIT RF,CORD See RECORD.
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APPENDIX C. GLOSSARY OF TERMS (CONTINUED)
03-8
VALUE Synonymous with entry, contents, data.
(1) The data that must be expressed with each of
eight mnemonics immediately after IDF in line
1 of a GET query.
(2) The data expressed with each of seven mnemonics
in INTER and ALSO queries.
(3) The contents of a given sector, field, or item
in each IDF record.
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