FOREIGN SHIPPING TO NORTH VIETNAM IN DECEMBER 1966

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP78T02095R000800070063-6
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 23
• Document Creation Date: December 20, 2016
• Document Release Date: April 15, 2008
• Sequence Number: 63
• Publication Date: January 1, 1967
• Content Type: IM

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Secret
DIRECTORATE OF
INTELLIGENCE
Intelligence Memorandum
Foreign Shipping to North Vietnam
in December 1966
MORI
Secret
Copy
RR IM 67-5
January 1967
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S.LUKL I
FOREWORD
The data in this memorandum are preliminary and subject to
modification as additional information becomes available. Significant
changes may occur in data on ship arrivals and cargoes from Com-
munist China and, to a lesser extent, in data on cargoes carried by
ships of the Free World. Data on Soviet and Eastern European ship
arrivals and cargoes and on Free World arrivals are not likely to be
changed significantly. As required, changes will be reported in sub-
sequent memoranda. All data on cargoes carried are expressed in
metric tons.
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CONTENTS
Page
Summary . . . . . . . . .
I. Communist Shipping . . . . . . . . . .
II. Free World Shipping . . . . . . . . . .
III. Cargoes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
IV. Comparison of Foreign Shipping to North Vietnam
in 1965 and 1966 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6
1. North Vietnam: Foreign-Flag Ship Arrivals,
December 1966, January-December 1966, and
January-December 1965 . . . . . . . . . . . .
2. North Vietnam: Tonnage of Foreign-Flag Ship
Arrivals, December 1966, January-December 1966,
and January-December 1965 . . . . . . . . . . .
10
3. North Vietnam: Identified Imports Carried by
Foreign-Flag Ships, December 1966, January-
December 1966, and January-December 1965 . . . .
11
4. North Vietnam: Identified Exports Carried
by Foreign-Flag Ships, December 1966, January-
December 1966, and January-December 1965 . . . .
12
5. North Vietnam: Identified Imports Carried by Foreign-
Flag Ships, by Origin and Commodity, January-
December 1966 and January-December 1965 . . . .
13
6. North Vietnam: Identified Exports Carried by
Foreign-Flag Ships, by Destination and Commodity,
January-December 1966 and January-December
1965 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
14
gi1'rp pr
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SEGRET
Following Page
Figure 1. North Vietnam: Foreign Ship Arrivals,
Monthly Average 1965 and January-
December 1966 (chart) . . . . . . . . 2
Figure 2. The Soviet Ship Balashikha
(photograph) . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Figure 3. North Vietnam: Maritime Ports,
Anchorages, and Shipping Channels
(map) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Figure 4. The Soviet Tanker Amursk
(photograph) . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Figure 5. North Vietnam: Foreign Shipping
in 1965-66 (chart) page , . . . . . . . 7
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SEGRE'1'
FOREIGN SHIPPING TO NORTH VIETNAM
IN DECEMBER 1966*
Summary
A record number of calls by Communist ships in December resulted
in the highest number of foreign ship arrivals at North Vietnam since
last January, despite unusually low activity by Free World ships. The
distribution of ship calls in December and comparative data for 1966 and
1965 are shown in the tabulation below:
Monthly Averages
December
966
January-December
1966
January-December
1965
Total
32
44
Communist
34
25
23
USSR
12
10
7
Eastern Europe
6
4
4
Communist China
16
11
12
Free World
4
6
21
United Kingdom
3
4
11
Other
1
2
10
Seaborne POL deliveries, mostly by four Soviet tankers, reached
the largest monthly volume since US airstrikes against petroleum stor-
age facilities were intensified last June. Imports of miscellaneous and
general cargoes, primarily metals and other manufactured goods from
* This memorandum was produced by CIA. It was prepared by the Office
of Research and Reports, and information on ship arrivals was coordi-
nated with the Office of Naval Intelligence; the estimates and conclusions
represent the best judgment of the Directorate of Intelligence as of Janu-
ary 1967.
For details on ship arrivals and the, type and distribution of cargo, see
Figure I and Tables 1 through 6.
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bhuKhl'
Communist countries, were the highest since July and the second high-
est on record. Imports of bulk foods, apparently following a seasonal
pattern, remained high for the third consecutive month. No shipments
of arms or ammunition were detected. In both 1965 and 1966, 45 to
50 percent of the annual volume of seaborne bulk food imports arrived in
the last three months of the year.
Exports of coal, which by October and November had recovered
substantially from the effects of the April airstrikes against the coal
processing facilities at Cam Pha, fell in December to about one-half the
average monthly volume in the first quarter of 1966. This decline in
coal shipments may have been the result of an airstrike against Cam
Pha in November, for which no damage assessment report is yet avail-
able .
Comparative data on foreign shipping to North Vietnam in 1965 and
1966 reveal the following:
1966
1965
Percentage
Change__
Ship arrivals
.9
53
0
-28
-
Free World
74
256
-71
Soviet
122
79
+54
Other
183
195
-6
Volume of seaborne trade a/
2;046.0
2410.2
-15
(in thousand. tons)
---
Imports
212.0
697.1
+34
From Communist countries
816.7
549.1
+49
From Free World countries
115.3
148.0
-22
Exports
1,114.0
1,713.1
-35
To Communist countries
545.1
1#011.7
-46
To Free World countries
568.8
701.4
-19
Carried by Communist ships
1,472..4
903.7
+63
Carried by Free World ships
573.6
1,506.5
-62
a. An additional volume of North Vietnamese seaborne trade, estimated
for each year at 150,000 tons of imports and 50,000 tons of exports,
was carried by Chinese Communist and North Vietnamese ships.
- 2 -
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0.U%..,1V1:, i
I. Communist Shipping
More foreign Communist ships (34) called at North Vietnam in
December than in any month in recent years. They carried at least
75 percent of North Vietnam's identified seaborne foreign trade.
Twelve Soviet ships, including 4 tankers, delivered 44 percent of
identified incoming cargoes. Three Soviet dry cargo ships, which
sailed from Black Sea ports, delivered fertilizer, packaged POL, and
other general cargoes (see Figure 2). The five remaining Soviet dry
cargo ships were chartered to North Vietnam. Two brought general
cargoes and wheat flour from Vladivostok, another delivered general
cargo from Japan, and two arrived in ballast. Six of the seven Soviet
dry cargo ships departing from North Vietnam in December carried
exports: two had general cargoes for Cambodia, Hong Kong, and
Singapore, and four had coal for Japan.
Sixteen Chinese Communist ships, the largest monthly total since
January 1966, called at North Vietnam in December. All but two
arrived from Communist China; six of these sailed to Haiphong and
eight to coal ports. One Chinese ship, operating under time charter
to Chipolbrok, *1 arrived with general cargoes from Eastern European
countries and fertilizer from Morocco, and two ships delivered grain
from Cambodia and Communist China. No import cargoes were
identified on the 13 other Chinese ships that called. All of the 13 Chi-
nese ships that departed from North Vietnam in December went to
China. Four sailed from Haiphong and nine from coal ports, pre-
sumably with cargoes of coal.
Six Eastern European ships -- four Polish and two Bulgarian --
visited North Vietnam in December. Both Bulgarian ships were
chartered by the North Vietnamese. One of them delivered general
cargo from Japan, and the other brought fertilizer and general cargo
from North Korea. Two of the Polish-flag ships were Chipolbrok
ships with goods from Eastern Europe, and two were in liner ser-
vice for the Polish Ocean Lines -- one outbound from Europe, the
other on the homeward leg of its voyage. Five Eastern European ships
departed from North Vietnam in December. A Bulgarian ship carried
pig iron and general cargo to Japan, and three Polish ships loaded
general cargo for Hong Kong, Japan, Singapore, and European ports.
Another Polish ship departed empty.
* The jointly owned Chinese-Polish Shipbrokers Company.
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II. Free World Shipping
Four calls were made by Free World ships in December, and they
carried 30 percent of the import cargoes identified aboard foreign ships
calling at North Vietnam. A Cypriot-flag ship chartered to North Viet-
nam delivered fertilizer from North Korea, and two British-flag ships
chartered by Communist China carried Chinese goods. One of the
British-flag ships is owned by a Hong Kong company; the other, which
made two calls in December, belongs to a Gibraltar concern. Five
Free World ships left North Vietnam in December. Two carried cargoes
of coal for Japan and cement and other general cargo for Cambodia,
Hong Kong, and Singapore. Their cargoes constituted 18 percent of ex-
port cargoes identified aboard foreign ships departing from North Viet-
nam in December. The remaining three departed empty.
III. Cargoes
In December, foreign merchant ships delivered the largest monthly
volume of cargoes (110, 800 tons) on record to North Vietnam. No
shipments of arms or ammunition were detected, but deliveries included
petroleum, and numerous trucks and other manufactured items useful
in supporting military operations. Dry cargo ships departing from
Haiphong in December averaged less than two weeks in port, the best
turnaround time recorded in several months.
The largest volume of POL deliveries since May, a total of
24, 200 tons, was handled expeditiously. Four Soviet tankers delivered
22, 600 tons of gasoline and diesel oil, and the rest of the POL was de-
livered in containers aboard Soviet dry cargo ships. The Rovno, the
first tanker to arrive from the Black Sea since September, apparently
discharged its entire 10, 900-ton load from an anchorage near LeGoeland
Isle (see the map, Figure 3). Three small tankers that delivered
nearly 11, 700 tons from Vladivostok discharged at the Song Bach Dang
anchorage. The Rovno and the smaller Amursk (see Figure 4), which
were at North Vietnam simultaneously in mid-December, were dis-
charged at a combined rate** of better than 900 tons per day, com-
pared with an average daily rate"=., of about 800 tons for the five small
l< The average monthly volumes of seaborne imports in 1965 and 1966
were 58, 100 tons and 77, 700 tons, respectively.
Rates of discharge calculated on the basis of volume of cargo
divided by time interval between time of arrival and time of departure.
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NORTH VIETNAM: Maritime Ports, Anchorages, and Shipping Channels
NORTt--1 VIETNAM
Hon Gay
LA GOELAND
ISI_E-
GULL 0 lO
Maritime Port Maritime Anchorage
Other Port - Shipping Channel
Principal Waterways
A SONG THAI BINH
a CANAL DES BAMBOUS-
LACH TRAY
At Haiphong: 1 - POL Pier
2-Maritime Wharfs
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E
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0JP,t.,1[.r, I
tankers discharged individually and at intervals in the previous three
months. All four tankers apparently discharged their cargoes into
petroleum barges which moved at night, probably through Haiphong,
to the inland waterway system.
Fertilizer imports (from North Korea, Morocco, and the USSR)
totaled 29, 700 tons -- 11, 000 tons more than the average monthly
volume of fertilizer deliveries in 1966.
Imports of bulk foods, apparently following a seasonal pattern, re-
mained high for the third consecutive month. These imports totaled
12, 300 tons in December, compared with an average monthly volume
of 6, 400 tons in 1966. In both 1965 and 1966, 45 to 50 percent of the
annual volume of seaborne bulk food imports arrived in the last three
months of the year.
Imports of miscellaneous and general cargoes, which consisted
largely of rolled steel, other metals, and manufactured goods, reached
the second highest monthly volume on record. =;= Of the 44, 500 tons of
incoming general cargoes identified in December, 86 percent were
shipped from Communist countries - - 17, 700 tons from Communist
China.'** 10, 400 tons from the USSR, 7, 300 tons from Eastern Euro-
pean countries, and 3, 000 tons from North Korea. Soviet deliveries
of general cargo averaged 14, 300 tons a month in 1966 and 9, 600 tons
in 1965.
Exports carried from North Vietnam by foreign ships in December
totaled 86, 600 tons, compared with an average monthly volume of
92, 800 tons in 1966. The below-average volume of exports resulted
primarily from a decline in coal shipments. Coal exports amounted
to only 60, 900 tons in December, whereas more than 75, 000 tons
were exported in October and November. An airstrike against Cam
Pha in mid-November may have been responsible for the decline in
shipments from that port, but the decline in shipments from Hon Gay
is unexplained. Japan received 33, 900 tons of the December ship-
ments, and the remaining 27, 000 tons went to Communist China.
11
Since January 1965 the record monthly volume of miscellaneous
and general cargoes delivered to North Vietnam by foreign ships was
50, 500 tons-in July 1966.
Because little is known of the cargoes carried to North Vietnam
by Chinese Communist ships, actual seaborne shipments from China
were probably significantly greater.
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A Soviet ship was used to carry coal to Haiphong from Cam Pha or
Hon Gay in December, the fourth time in as many months. This pro-
cedure is estimated to have replaced the full-time services of ten
standard 150-foot, 400-ton-capacity coal barges, which currently are
in tight supply as a result of losses to US airstrikes.
Exports of miscellaneous and general cargoes and pig iron were
more than double the average monthly volumes of these exports in 1966,
with volumes of 13, 600 tons and 7, 000 tons, respectively, shipped in
I:)ecember. Exports of cement totaled 5, 000 tons, compared with an
average monthly volume of 7, 500 tons in 1966. No apatite was shipped.
IV. Comparison of Foreign Shipping to North Vietnam in 1965 and 1966
.Free World ships made 71 percent fewer calls at North Vietnam in
1966 than. in 1965 (see Figure 5). Although this decrease was :.n part, com-
-pensated for by a 54-percent increase in calls by Soviet ships and an in-
crea.se in the average capacity of all foreign ships visiting North Vietnam,
there was an overall reduction of 28 percent in foreign ship arrivals as
well as a reduction of 20 percent in aggregate gross register tonnage com-
pared with 1965. The reduction in Free World shipping activity is at-
tributable to restrictions imposed by Free World governments following
US dernarches and to shortages of North Vietnam's principal exports* --
apatite and coal -- which had been transported primarily on Free World
ships.
A 15-percent decrease in 1966 in the total volume of seaborne
trade carried to and from North Vietnam by foreign ships was the net
result of a 34-percent increase in the volume of identified import
cargoes and a 35-percent decrease in the volume of identified export:
cargoes. The major increase in imports occurred in shipments of
miscellaneous and general cargoes from Communist countries --
a category encompassing most economic aid goods as well as military
support materiel such as transport and construction equipment. Com-
munist countries bore t:he brunt of the cutbacks in seaborne exports
of apatite (to Eastern Europe, Communist China, and North Korea),
but the reductions in coal exports were divided between Free World
and Communist countries (primarily Japan, Cuba, and China.)?
1 The shortages resulted from damage inflicted upon selected targets
in North Vietnam by US airstrikes.
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Foreign Shipping to North Vietnam
1965-1966
FREE WORLD
EASTERN
EUROPEAN
COMMUNIST
COUNTRIES
COMMUNIST
CHINA
GROSS TONNAGE
(Thousand Gross Register Tons)
2,671
IMPORTS EXPORTS
(Thousand Metric Tons, by Flag of Carrier)
SECRET
Although Chinese Communist and Eastern European shipping to
North Vietnam declined slightly in both numbers and capacity in 1966,
the shipping of all principal Communist areas -- Soviet, Chinese, and
Eastern European -- registered significant gains in identified cargo
volumes, both inbound and outbound. Communist ships in 1966 sup-
planted Free World ships as the principal carriers of North Vietnamese
exports and carried at least 72 percent= of North Vietnam's seaborne
trade.
The actual proportion was higher because of an additional but un-
determined volume of cargoes discharged at North Vietnam by Chinese
ships.
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North Vietnam: Foreign-Flag Ship Arrivals J
December 1966, January-December 1966, and January-December 1965
1966 1965
December 166 January-December January-December
Flag Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent
Total 38 100.0 37 100.0 530 100.0
Communist countries 34 89.5 305 80.5 274 51.7
USSR 12 31.6 122 32.2 79 14.9
Eastern Europe 6 15.8 44 11.6 50 9.4
Albania 2 0.5 1 0.2
Bulgaria 2 5.3 9 2.4 5 0.9
Czechoslovakia 4 0.8
Poland 4 10.5 33 8.7 40 7.5
Communist China 16 42.1 138 36.4 144 27.2
Cuba 1 0.3 1 0'.2
Free World 4 1.0.5 74 19.5 256 48.3
Cyprus 1 2.6 12 3.2 3 o.6
Greece 7 1.8 28 5.3
Italy 1 0.3 1 0.2
Malta 4 1.1 2 0.4
United Kingdom 3 7.9 50 13.2 136 25.6
France 2 0.4
Japan 37 7.0
Lebanon 9 1.7
Liberia 3 o.6
Netherlands 5 0.9
Norway 29 5.4
Panama 1 0.2
a. Because of rounding, components may not add to the totals shown.
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g
p Orr
-fa, s
ember 66 J
Dec 96 , January December 1966, and January-December 1965
- V u =.. Loan age of Foreign-F]a
Shi
;
1~66
1965
December 1966
January-December
Januar -December
Register
cross
R
i
Gross
Fla
Number
Tons
N
b
eg
ster
Register
--- -~~
um
er
Tons
Number
Tons
Total
38
211.1
379
2141
8
.
530
2671.1
Communist countries
34
182.4
305
1
708
8
.
1
274
1,420.9
USSR
12
71.7
122
851.5
79
529.2
Eastern Europe
6
42.4
44
325.7
50
345.4
Communist China
Cuba
16
68.3
138
521.9
144
536.5
1 9.7 1
9.7
Free World
29.0 74 433.0 256 12250.1
a. The aggregate tonnage of ships calling is not necessarily correlative to the actual
volume of cargoes moving into and out of North ITietnam, but these data are of value as
indications of rPl at.itra Y _
nges in the volume of shipping. Because of rounding, components
may not add to the totals shown.
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Table 3
North Vietnam: Identified imports Carried by Foreign-Fla.; Ships a/
-December 1966, January-December 1966, and January-December 1965
Thousand I.,'etr i c Tons
December 1966
H
Ammonium
Sulfate
and Other
Flag Fertilizers
Total
Communist countries
USSR
Eastern Europe
Communist
China
Bulk Miscel-
Petroleum Foodstuffs laneous Total
24.2
24.2
0)1.2
12.3
6.9
44.5 110.8
26.9 77.8
13.5 48.5
11.3 16.9
1906
1965
J anuary-December January-December
9 ;.2.0 697.1
716.5 448.7
538. 385.2
112.2 46.6
5.5 Negl.
4.2 2.1 12.4 61.9 16.8
4.o
o 55=4 17.6 33.0 215.6 248.4
a. Identified imports include some estimates of bulk cargoes, using methods which have proved to be highly
reliable. Because of rounding, components may not add to the totals shown.
b. An additional unknown quantity of imports may have been carried by Chinese Communist shins.
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,_nrth `ii etnamId en lied ~~?rT:ort s Carried by 'ore* Ships a/
December 1966, January-December 1066, and January-December 1965
Thousand. Metric Ions
December 1966
1966
1965
Cement
Pig iron
Miscel-
laneous
Total
January-December
January-December
1'Otal
60.9
5.0
1; .6
1,114.0
1,713.1
50.5
0
7.0
12.5
71.0
756.0
455.0
USSR
7.8
3.1.4
269.0
172.7
Eastern Euro
pe
6.9
5.7
90.0
Communist Ch
ina b/ 27.0
0.1
27.1
347.2
183.8
Cub a
8.5
Free World
10.4
5.0
358.0
1,258.0
Identified exports include some estimates of bulk ca-fgoes, using methods which have proved to
be highly reliable. Because of rounding, components may not add to the totals shown.
b. An additional unknown quantity of exports may have been carried by Chinese Communist ships.
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North Vietnam: Identified Imports Carried by Foreign-Flag Ships, by Origin and Commodity a/
January-December 1966 and January-December 1965
January-December 1966
January-December 1965
Ammonium
Ammonium
Sulfate
Grain
Sulfate
Grain
and Other
Fertilizers
Petroleum
and Other
Foodstuffs
Timber
Miscel-
laneous
Total
and Other
Fertilizers
Petroleum
and Other
F
d
ff
t
Ti
Miscel-
oo
s
u
s
mber
laneous
Total
Total
224?
200.8
77
1
6
416.2
2.0
162.4
170
2
118
6
14
5
2
1
4
6
1
.
.
.
.
3
.
97.
Communist countries
176.9
200.8
69
0
373.8
816.7
118.2
2
170
59
0
0
201
4
1
.
.
.7
X
9.
USSR
117.8
198.2
6.4
171.1
493.5
78.5
154.8
0.7
114
9
348
9
Eastern Europe
16.0
2.6
66.0
84.5
9.0
2.0
20.4
.
14
2
.
45
6
Communist China
37.2
118.7
1
155.9
13.4
17.1
.
67.3
c/
.
97
7
North Korea
43.0
18.0
61.0
30.7
5
1
.
35
8
Cuba
21.7
21.7
20.8
.
0._
.
21.0
47.4
0
11.9
1 6
42.4
115.3
44.2
0
59.6
14.5
29.7
148.0
Cambodia
10.0
13.6
23.6
14.5
14.5
29
0
Hong Kong
0.03
0.03
o
8
3
5
.
4
3
Japan
16.9
30.3
47.2
3.4
.
.
14
3
.
17
7
Singapore/Malaysia
1.9
8.1
9.9
10.0
.
5
3
.
15
3
Western Europe
20.1
4.0
24.2
40.8
24.3
.
1
4
.
66
5
Other
10.4
0.04
10.4
10.0
.
5.2
.
15.2
a. Because of rounding, components may not add to the totals shown.
b. An additional volume of imports, estimated at 150,000 tons each year, was carried from Hong Kong and South China by Chinese Communist
and North Vietnamese ships.
c. Total includes 38,800 tons of coking coal in 1966 and 12,700 tons in 1965.
Approved For Release 2008/04/15: CIA-RDP78TO2095R000800070063-6
 Approved For Release 2008/04/15: CIA-RDP78TO2095R000800070063-6
North Vietnam: Identified E,-ports Carried by r ureign-r Lag Ships, by Destination and Co modity _r
January-December 1966 and January-December 1965
January-December 1966
January-December 1965
Destination
Coal
Apatite
Cement
Pig iron
Miscel-
laneous
Total
Coal
Apatite
Cement
Pig Iron
Miscel-
laneous
Total
Total
905.7
10.4
90.4
2.6
67.8
1,114.0
1,150.1
317.5
78.4
47.5
1 9 5
1 713.1
Communist countries
488.7
10.4
7.2
1.5
37.2
545.1
611.6
317.5
10.5
0
72.1
1,011.7
USSR
11.6
11.66
42.8
42.8
Eastern Europe
16.1
16.1
10.3
183.5
14.6
208.4
Communist China b/
471.6
2.5
5.0
1.5
6.7
487.3
495.1
89.2
10.5
12.2
607.1
North Korea
7.9
2.2
1.3
11.4
11.8
44.8
1.6
58.2
Cuba
17.1
1.5
18.7
94.3
0.9
95.2
417.0
0
83.1
38.2
30.5
568.8
538.6
0
67.9
47.5
47.4
701.4
Cambodia
44.1
7.6
51.8
36.3
4.4
40 .7
Hong Kong J
4.4
11.0
0.6
8.6
24.6
l i.4
6.6
14.0
3, ..I
Japan
346.9
7.0
36.1
3.4
393.4
443.1
37.3
10.7
491.2
Singapore/Malaysia
4.0
11.2
1.5
7.8
24.5
16.5
15.0
0.2
6.4
38.0
Western Europe
61.7
2.8
64.4
67.5
10.0
3.7
L.
Other
9.8
0.3
10.0
10.0
8.2
18.2
a. Because of rounding, components may not add to the totals shown.
b. An additional volume of exports, estimated at 53,000 tons each year, was carried to Hong Kong and south C)1ina by Chinese Communist
and North Vietnamese ships.
Approved For Release 2008/04/15: CIA-RDP78TO2095R000800070063-6
 Approved For Release 2008/04/15: CIA-RDP78TO2095R000800070063-6
5LUKIi I
SECRET
Approved For Release 2008/04/15: CIA-RDP78TO2095R000800070063-6