DOD EXPLOITATION OF MULTI-SENSOR IMAGERY

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP78B05167A002000170001-4
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 26
• Document Creation Date: December 27, 2016
• Document Release Date: September 19, 2012
• Sequence Number: 1
• Publication Date: March 11, 1968
• Content Type: REPORT

Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/12/12 : CIA-RDP78B05167A002000170001-4
SE
DEFENSE INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
DOD EXPLOITATION
OF MULTI-SENSOR IMAGERY (U)
RET
k.?.11.:u*cif`v.cto
*
*
Li-
ill
GROUP-1
EXCLUDED FROM AUTOMATIC
DOWNGRADING AND
DECLASSIFICATION
DIAM 57-5
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/12/12 : CIA-RDP78B05167A002000170001-4
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/12/12 : CIA-RDP78B05167A002000170001-4
SECRET
DOD EXPLOITATION OF MULTI-SENSOR IMAGERY (U)
11 March 1968
WARNING
DIAM 57-5
THIS DOCUMENT CONTAINS INFORMATION AFFECTING THE NATIONAL DEFENSE OF
THE UNITED STATES WITHIN THE MEANING OF THE ESPIONAGE LAWS, TITLE 18,
U. S. C. SECTIONS 793 AND 794. ITS TRANSMISSION OR THE REVELATION OF ITS
CONTENTS IN ANY MANNER TO AN UNAUTHORIZED PERSON IS PROHI BITED BY LAW.
SECRET
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/12/12 : CIA-RDP78B05167A002000170001-4
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/12/12 : CIA-RDP78B05167A002000170001-4
SECRET
Defense I ntelligence Agency Manual
No. 57-5
FOREWORD
1. (U) Purpose
Headquarters
Defense I ntelligence Agency
Washington, D. C. 20301
11 March 1968
This manual provides guidance with respect to the exploitation of multi-sensor imagery,
and is designed to achieve effectiveness and economy from the collective imagery inter-
pretation resources of the Department of Defense.
2. (IA References
a. DoD Directive 5105.21, "Defense Intelligence Agency," 1 August 1961, as amended.
b. DoD Directive 5105.28, "Defense Intelligence Agency (Technical Intelligence),"
27 April 1964.
c. JCS 2031/464-3, "DoD Plan for the Exploitation of Multi-Sensor Imagery,"
30 June 1967.
d. JCS Pub 1, "Dictionary of United States Military Terms for Joint Usage,"
1 January 1966.
e. JCS Pub 2, "Unified Action Armed Forces," 23 November 1959, as amended.
f. Defense Intelligence Plan, C-2160/PL-1, 20 February 1967.
g. DIA Manual 58-2, Part Six, Volume II, "Defense Intelligence Collection Require-
ments Manual, Intelligence Reconnaissance, Imagery Intelligence Objectives/Requirements,"
SECRET/NF, 1 December 1967.
h. DIA Manual 57-4 "Coordination, Production, and Maintenance of Imagery Interpre-
tation Keys," (U) CONFIDENTIAL, 19 January 1968, as amended.
i. DIA Manual 57-5-1, "DoD Exploitation of Multi-Sensor Imagery, Specific Respon-
sibilities (First and Second Phase Reporting),"(U) TOP SECRET, 11 March 1968.
j. DIA Manual 55-5, "Aerial Photography and Airborne Electronic Sensor Imagery
(Forwarding, Titling, and Plotting)," 26 June 1967.
k. DIA Manual 75-1, "Scientific and Technical Intelligence Production," (U)
CONFIDENTIAL; 1 April 1967, as amended.
3. (U) Authority
This publication contains intelligence guidance to all DoD components and is issued under
the authority delegated in the Defense Intelligence Plan by the Secretary of Defense
and the Joint Chiefs of Staff to the Director, Defense Intelligence Agency.
111
SECRET
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/12/12 : CIA-RDP78B05167A002000170001-4
Declassified in Part- Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/12/12: CIA-RDP78B05167A002000170001-4
DIAM 57-5
4. (U) Definitions
See appendix A.
5. (S) Scope
SECRET 11 March 1968
a. This manual applies to the interpretation of all reconnaissance imagery of
foreign areas accomplished under the direction of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (Joint
Reconnaissance Center), the Committee on Imagery Requirements and Exploitation (COMIREX),
and U.S. and Allied air tactical units. Additionally, the manual applies to overhead
photography accomplished by U.S. Defense Attaches. It incorporates the major provisions
of "The National Tasking Plan for the Exploitation of Multi-Sensor Imagery" (NTP) and,
as appropriate, selectively relates specific provisions of the NTP to equivalent
activities of the DoD. To insure clarity, this manual further specifies the related
exploitation responsibilities of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) and the
(C) National Photographic Interpretation Center (am) which are also tasked under the NIP.
b. Certain usages of imagery are excluded from the scope of this manual. These
are:
(1) Work performed directly by or in support of activities which are identified
with a cartographic or hydrographic program, such as the preparation of photo mosaics,
photo analysis for mapping and charting, production of air target materials, and the
preparation of map or chart overlays, etc., except for the production of indices of map-
ping, charting, and reconnaissance imagery.
(2) Work performed in support of the construction of operational terrain models,
preparation of factored transparencies for use in weapons system trainers, and the use
of photography in training publications.
6. (U) Supersession
This manual supersedes the DoD Plan for the Exploitation of Multi-Sensor Imagery,
1 November 1965, promulgated as JCSM 244-65 and DIA Instruction 57-13, November 1965.
7. (U) Administration
Copies of this manual held in excess of current needs and reserve stock should not be
destroyed. Return excess manuals and address requests for additional copies of this
manual to:
Army: U.S. Army AG Publication Center
2800 Eastern Boulevard
Baltimore, Md. 21220
Navy: Officer in Charge
U.S. Naval Oceanographic Distribution Office
U.S. Naval Supply Office
5801 Tabor Avenue
Philadelphia, Pa. 19120
Air Force: Headquarters, USAF
AFNINDE
Washington, D.C. 20330
iv
SECRET
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/12/12 : CIA-RDP78B05167A002000170001-4
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/12/12 : CIA-RDP78B05167A002000170001-4
11 March 1968
SECRET DIAM 57-5
All others: Defense Intelligence Agency
Washington, D.C. 20301
ATTN: DIASA-2B
Comments on and recommendations for improving this manual are invited and encouraged.
Forward comments through appropriate channels to:
FOR THE DIRECTOR:
OFFICIAL:
Colonel, USA
ACofS/Administration
Defense Intelligence Agency
Washington, D.C. 20301
ATTN: DIAAP
Major General, USAF
Assistant Director for
Intelligence Production
SECRET
REVERSE BLANK
25X1
25X1
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/12/12 : CIA-RDP78B05167A002000170001-4
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/12/12 : CIA-RDP78B05167A002000170001-4
11 March 1968 SECRET
DISTRIBUTION
DIAM 57-5
Dept of the Army (AG Pubs Center, Balto)
500
Dept of the Navy (Naval Oceano Dist Office, Phila)
350
Commandant, Hg USMC
50
Dept of the Air Force (AFNINDE)
375
CINCAL
2
CINCLANT
5
CINCONAD
2
USCINCEUR
25
CINCPAC
25
COMUSMACV
5
COMUS KOREA
5
COMUSTDC
5
COMUSMACTHAI
5
USCINCSO
2
CINCSTRIKE
25
CINCSAC
10
Joint Chiefs of Staff (JRC)
5
Office, Secretary of Defense (Comptroller)
5
DDR&E
5
CIA (OCR/DD)
25
Dept of Commerce (OEC/BIC/8570)
1
Dept of State (INR/CS)
5
Industrial College
5
NSA (C/CDB)
5
National War College
1
NP IC
25
Armed Forces Staff College
10
U.S. Army War College
5
U.S. Army Command & General Staff College
5
Naval War College
5
Air War College
5
3428th Technical Training Squadron (DSIATP)
50
DIASC
1
DIAJS
1
DIAIG
1
DIARP/FM
1
DIAPL
5
DIARD
1
DIACC
5
DIACO
5
DIAAP-1B
2
DIAAP-1C
2
DIAAP-1D
5
DIAAP-1E
2
DIAAP-2
2
DIAAP-3
2
DIAAP-4
2
DIAAP-5
2
DIAAR 6
2
DIAAT 7
2
DIAAP-8
2
DIAAP-9
10
DIAAP 10
5
DIAMC
5
DIAST
5
DIACI
5
DIAXX
5
DIAMS
5
DIAJT
2
vii
REVERSE BLANK
SECRET (This page is UNCLASSIFIED)
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/12/12 : CIA-RDP78B05167A002000170001-4
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/12/12 : CIA-RDP78B05167A002000170001-4
11 March 1968
Foreword
SECRET DIAM 57-5
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Distribution
Page
vii
CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION
General 1
Principles and Doctrine
Management
CHAPTER 2. RESPONSIBILITIES
Introduction
General Responsibilities
Specific Responsibilities
CHAPTER 3. NATIONAL DATA BASE OF IMAGE-DERIVED INFORMATION
Introduction
Basic Files
CHAPTER 4. IMAGERY INTERPRETATION REPORTS
Introduction
General Description of Reports
CHAPTER 5. PROGRAMMING OF RESOURCES
APPENDIX A. DEFINITIONS
APPENDIX B. IMAGERY INTERPRETATION REPORT FORMATS
ix REVERSE BLANK
SECRET
(This page is UNCLASSIFIED)
2
2
5
5
7
13
13
15
16
17
19
23
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/12/12: CIA-RDP78B05167A002000170001-4
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/12/12 : CIA-RDP78B05167A002000170001-4
11 March 1968
SECRET DIAM 57-5
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1. (S) General
a. Analysis of information derived from overhead photography during the last
decade has been a major factor in determining military capabilities and has served as a
basis for formulating U.S. national policy. More recently, with the advent of higher
resolution photography and more advanced sensor systems, photo-derived information has
become a factor of increasing influence in shaping political and military decisions during
crisis situations. The day-to-day formulation of U.S. policy in the Cuban crisis clearly
demonstrated the growing dependence of national authorities on timely all-source intelli-
gence, based in large measure on the continuing flow of reconnaissance-drived information.
The current Vietnam crisis has reaffirmed the increasing dependence of national authorities
on surveillance, strike, and poststrike reconnaissance photography as an essential input
to crisis management, national decision, and military action.
b. Paralleling the increased importance and utility of imagery information has been
the significantly increased cost associated with its collection, and the rising cost
associated with its exploitation. In the fall of 1965 the Director of the Bureau of the
Budget realized that the magnitude and quality of reconnaissance was expected to increase
significantly during the next four years, and he was concerned about the possible impact
these increases might have on present and future imagery interpretation resource levels.
In view of his concern, he proposed that the Secretary of Defense and the Director of
Central Intelligence (DCI) review their respective imagery interpretation resources and
ensure that these resources are employed with maximum efficiency. The Secretary and DCI
agreed with the Budget Bureau's proposal and, shortly thereafter, two separate groups
were established to address the requirement. One group, referred to as ?the Joint Imagery
Interpretation Review Group (JIIRG) addressed itself primarily to organizations serving
national needs, such as the Defense Intelligence Agency, the Central Intelligence Agency,
and the National Photographic Interpretation Center (NPIC). A separate DoD panel, referred
to as the Defense Group, and comprised of representatives of DIA and the Military Depart-
ments, examined the total resources of the Department of Defense.
c. As a result of the review accomplished by the JIIRG, "The National Tasking Plan
for the Exploitation of Multi-Sensor Imagery," was approved by the Secretary of Defense
and the Director of Central Intelligence on 12 January 1967. The NTP is designed to
achieve a higher order of efficiency among imagery exploitation elements serving national
needs. It specifically tasks the DIA, the Military Departments, the CIA, and the NPIC to
accomplish first, second, and third phase imagery exploitation on a nonduplicative basis.
It also provides for selective first phase exploitation of reconnaissance imagery by
Unified and Specified Commands in accordance with approved procedures for Overseas
Processing and Interpretation Centers (OPIC's). The NTP is available separately through
SAO channels.
d. Later, ?on 28 June 1967, the Deputy Secretary of Defense approved the report and
recommendations of the Defense Group and indicated that revision of the DoD Plan for the
Exploitation of Multi-Sensor Imagery would improve the effectiveness of our resources in
satisfying U.S. intelligence needs. The Deputy Secretary of Defense instructed that
1
SECRET
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/12/12 : CIA-RDP78B05167A002000170001-4
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/12/12 : CIA-RDP78B05167A002000170001-4
DIAM 57-5
SECRET 11 March 1968
responsibility for the coordinated tasking of DoD organizations will continue to be vested
in the Director, DIA and that all organizations will direct their efforts toward insuring
its successful execution.
2. (S) Principles and Doctrine
a. Each commander assigned responsibility for a functional area of intelligence
production has an interest in the image-derived information which supports that production.
b. The purpose of imagery interpretation is to derive information which supports the
development and production of intelligence. This production must be responsive to those
organizations which have been assigned intelligence responsibilities by National Security
Council Intelligence Directives, Director of Central Intelligence Directives, and Depart-
ment of Defense Directives.
c. An interdependence exists among intelligence organizations for image-derived
information, both vertically and laterally throughout the intelligence structure, from the
national level downward through the departmental and command structure. This interdepend-
ence can be satisfied best by a planned approach to the exploitation of reconnaissance
imagery. This approach must capitalize on the imagery interpretation efforts that support
assigned missions at each level of the decision-making pyramid.
d. The planned approach to the derivation of information from reconnaissance imagery,
as set forth in this manual, involves tasking. Tasking under this manual involves guidance
and response within the normal command channels of the agencies, departments, and commands
concerned. It does not involve direction or operational control over the imagery inter-
pretation resources which are tasked under this manual.
e. DIA, the Military Departments, and the U&S Commands will continue to be individu-
ally responsible for the integration and synthesis of image-derived information in the
production of all-source intelligence in support of their assigned missions.
f. DIA, the Military Departments, and the U&S Commands, will maintain adequate
imagery interpretation resources to accomplish their assigned missions, and provide such
additional interpretation support within their fields of primary responsibilities as may
be necessary to satisfy other requirements relating to national security.
3. (C) Management
The phases of management of imagery interpretation activities are the same as those for
the command functions which intelligence supports; they comprise a continuous cycle of
long-range planning, mid-range (resources) planning, programming, budgeting, short range
(operations) planning, management of operations, and followup evaluation. As a governing
principle, the degree of detail of management control and of the information required for
management decisions should be no greater than that absolutely necessary to insure effec-
tiveness, efficiency, and economy of operations.
a. Planning. for the performance of imagery interpretation activities is a responsi-
bility of each component and echelon of the DoD and should be done as an integral part of
planning. In the intelligence planning process, objectives are defined in terms of the
support which imagery interpretation activities must furnish to command during a given
time frame; these objectives are broken down into tasks which are then assigned for ,
accomplishment.
b. Programming for imagery interpretation and related support resources is primarily
based on mid-range planning and is accomplished under the Five-Year Defense Program. Gener-
ally, those intelligence resources which are not organic, assigned, or attached to combat-
ant forces (numbered armies, fleets, and air forces, and below) and which contribute
significantly to the satisfaction of overall Defense intelligence requirements, are
2
SECRET
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/12/12 : CIA-RDP78B05167A002000170001-4
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/12/12 : CIA-RDP78B05167A002000170001-4
11 March 1968
SECRET DIAM 57-5
programmed and reviewed under the Consolidated Intelligence Program (CIP) as a functional
area of the Five-Year Defense Program. The CIP is prepared by the DIA based on program
submissions from the Military Departments and its own program, and assisted, as appropriate,
by recommendations from the U&S Commands. It is reviewed by the Joint Chiefs of Staff and
approved by the Secretary of Defense. As a general rule, those imagery interpretation
activities which are integral to combatant command structure are reviewed under standards
of management which give major weight to the requirements of the command mission rather
than to the contribution which these resources make to the overall military intelligence
effort. For this reason, imagery interpretation activities in this latter category are
not normally included in the CIP, but are programmed elsewhere in the Five-Year Defense
Program together with the elements which they support. However, the contribution of
resources not included in the CIP to the overall military intelligence effort is taken
into full consideration in the development of the CIP. Requirements for imagery interpre-
tation and related support resources, including personnel, equipment, and facilities, are
now predicated by various organizations on diverse degrees of knowledge regarding the
projected U.S. reconnaissance efforts. To forecast the need for resources realistically,
it is necessary that planners have authoritative knowledge of oncoming reconnaissance pro-
grams, sufficiently in advance of their implementation, in order to gage the possible
impact of these programs on their respective missions. See DIAM 57-5-2, TOP SECRET (to be
published later).
c. For the development of the general intelligence portion of the defense budget,
the Military Departments and DIA annually submit their general intelligence resource require-
ments for the upcoming fiscal year to the Assistant Secretary of Defense (Comptroller) under
categorizations compatible with those in the CIP. These submissions are reviewed jointly
by the Office of the Secretary of Defense, the Bureau of the Budget, and the DIA. Issues
arising from this review are presented as program/budget decisions (PBD's) to the Secretary
of Defense for decision.
d. Management of Defense imagery interpretation activities is a function of command
and is exercised through the command structure. As a general rule, imagery interpretation
activities undertaken by operational commands in satisfaction of their own requirements
are coordinated by higher authority only to the extent necessary to enhance mutual support,
avoid mutual interference and undue risk, and prevent unnecessary and wasteful duplication.
Imagery interpretation activities by any command which are undertaken in satisfaction of
the requirements of higher authority are, as a general rule, subject to coordination in
greater depth and detail to insure satisfactory responsiveness and overall economy,
efficiency, and effectiveness in the employment of imagery interpretation resources.
e. Evaluation of the effectiveness of imagery interpretation activities is a process
which must be carried on continuously by command in order to determine what adjustments in
planning, resource allocation, and management direction are needed to attain maximum
efficiency and economy of effort. This process is accomplished by review of reports,
inspections, evaluation of products and of specific source performance, to measure progress
and performance.
3 REVERSE BLANK
SECRET
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/12/12 : CIA-RDP78B05167A002000170001-4
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/12/12 : CIA-RDP78B05167A002000170001-4
11 March 1968
SECRET DIAM 57-5
CHAPTER 2
RESPONSIBILITIES
1. (C) I ntroduction
A fundamental principle underlying military intelligence activities at all levels from the,
National Command Authorities throughout the operational command and departmental structure
is that intelligence is an integral responsibility of command. Each commander is respon-
sible for the formulation and timely enunciation of his requirements for imagery interpre-
tation support for the command mission, for direction and control of imagery interpretation
operations within his command, and for informing higher headquarters of those requirements
which he cannot satisfy with his own resources. Imagery interpretation activities are
performed in support of the command mission at each echelon, as required, with resources
assigned for the purpose or otherwise provided by their echelons in the chain of command,
by adjacent commands, or by other intelligence activities external to the local command
structure. Commanders are responsible for exploiting all available resources, as necessary,
to acquire the intelligence needed in support of the command mission at all levels. Since
the total resources assigned to field commands represent a significant part of the overall
DoD imagery interpretation capability, commanders must be responsive to imagery interpreta-
tion requirements of higher and adjacent echelons. At the same time, intelligence agencies
and staffs at higher echelons must be responsive to ?the needs of lower echelons in both
the departmental and operational chains of command.
2. (S) General Responsibilities
a. The Defense Intelligence Agency will:
(1) Provide continuing and effective interface between the provisions of "The
National Tasking Plan for the Exploitation of Multi-Sensor Imagery" and the provisions of
this manual.
(2) Guide and coordinate the DoD effort engaged in the exploitation of multi-
sensor imagery.
(3) Produce
imagery interpretation reports and keys.
(4) Perform imagery interpretation
response to DoD or JCS directives.
(5) Provide imagery interpretation
such support from other resources, when such
(6) Establish
ing and indexing.
tasks required to support its mission or in
support services to U&S Commands or secure
requirements exceed command capabilities.
standard procedures and formats for imagery interpretation report-
(7) Index or cause to be indexed on
and charting imagery obtained by or
indices.
a current basis all reconnaissance, mapping,
available to the DoD, and furnish informatfon from these
5
SECRET
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/12/12 : CIA-RDP78B05167A002000170001-4
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/12/12 : CIA-RDP78B05167A002000170001-4
DIAM 57-5
required.
SECRET 11 March 1968
(8) Maintain the National Area Coverage Data File and provide information as
(9) Apprise appropriate key DoD personnel actually engaged in the programming of
imagery interpretation and related support resources of the nature and characteristics of
oncoming reconnaissance systems.
(10) Evaluate intelligence programs of intelligence production organizations and
make recommendations to the Secretary of Defense as to the level of resources required to
carry out these programs.
b. The Military Departments will:
(1) Produce imagery intelligence reports and studies as required by Department
Chiefs.
(2) Exploit imagery in support of their scientific and technical intelligence
production responsibilities.
(3)
Produce imagery interpretation reports and keys.
(4) Coordinate departmentally controlled imagery interpretation resources.
(5) Upon DIA direction, produce indices of mapping, charting, and reconnaissance
imagery obtained by or available to the DoD.
c. The Unified and Specified Commands will:
(1) Perform imagery interpretation tasks required by their respective command
missions or in response to DoD or JCS directives.
(2) Index imagery in conformance with DIA standards.
(3) Insure the prompt submission to DIA, and dissemination to other departments
and commands, of reports on militarily important objectives. In accomplishing this respon-
sibility, the commands are assigned primary responsibilities for reporting on photography
covering the geographic areas listed below:
Geographic Area Producer
Warsaw Pact and Asian Communist (Stptegic retaliatory forces Strategic Air
and air and missile defense forces)?' Command
1/ This responsibility requires the reporting from sensor imagery of the deployment and
capabilities of strategic attack forces, as well as the reporting of associated command
and support facilities. Strategic attack forces include medium and long range nuclear
delivery systems, including ground-launched missiles with ranges of 600 NM or more, missile
launching submarines, heavy and medium bombers, air-to-surface missiles, and advanced
delivery and supporting systems. It also requires the reporting of the deployment and
capabilities of air and missile defense forces which are directly concerned with providing
defense against strategic air and ballistic missile attacks.
6
SECRET
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/12/12 : CIA-RDP78B05167A002000170001-4
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/12/12 : CIA-RDP78B05167A002000170001-4
11 March 1968
SECRET DIAM 57-5
Geographic Area Producer
Western Europe, including the United Kingdom; the European
Mediterranean Sea and the islands therein; North Africa Command
west of Egypt; Algeria, Morocco, Libya, and Tunisia;
Turkey; and the USSR west of 100 East Longitude (USSR
and East European Communist countries: General purpose
forces) .._2/
Pacific Ocean, including the islands therein (less Pacific
Aleutians); the Bering Sea; the eastern Indian Ocean Command
area; Japan; the Republic of Korea; the countries of
SE Asia; and the USSR east of 100 East Longitude
(Eurasian communist countries: General purpose
forces)./
All of Africa, except Algeria, Morocco, Libya, and
Tunisia, but including the island of Madagascar.
The Middle East except Turkey, but including the
islands of the Aden Protectorate and the Red Sea.
South Asia up to and including East Pakistan and the
island of Ceylon.
STRIKE/MEAFSA
Command
The Atlantic Ocean and Caribbean Sea (less Cuba), the Atlantic
western Indian Ocean, the Arabian Sea and western Bay Command
of Bengal, including the islands therein (less Green-
land, Madagascar, Ceylon, and the islands of the Aden
Protectorate)./
Central and South Americas To be designated
when appropriate
3. (S) Specific Responsibilities
a. First and Second Phase Interpretation and Reporting
(1) Designated U&S Commands will conduct first and second phase interpretation
and reporting of JCS-directed peripheral and combat reconnaissance missions, certain
JCS-directed penetration missions, and imagery acquired by foreign nations. First phase
21 This responsibility requires the reporting from sensor imagery of the deployment
and capabilities of tactical forces, air defense forces associated with general purpose
forces in the forward areas, and the reporting of associated command support facilities.
General purpose forces also include ground combat forces with related rocket, missile,
and tactical air units. Further, it includes military air transport and airlift elements.
Lastly, general purpose forces include the naval surface fleets, attack submarines and
naval air forces.
V This assignment of responsibility will not apply to Cuba for such period of time
as initial photo interpretation is undertaken by NPIC.
7
SECRET
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/12/12 : CIA-RDP78B05167A002000170001-4
1
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/12/12 : CIA-RDP78B05167A002000170001-4
DIAM 57-5
SECRET 11 March 1968
interpretation and reporting on imagery acquired from foreign nations will be accomplished
by the agency, department, or command acquiring the photography. See DIAM 57-5-1 (TOP
SECRET) for a delineation of specific responsibilities for first and second phase report-
ing of active reconnaissance projects.
(2) The Strategic Air Command will conduct second phase interpretation on
designated USIB-tasked penetration missions to provide timely support to the Joint
Strategic Target Planning Staff.
(3) The NPIC will accomplish first and second phase interpretation and report-
ing on all USIB-tasked penetration missions processed in the Continental United States.
NPIC will also accomplish second phase interpretation and reporting on all USIB-tasked
reconnaissance regardless of processing location.
b. Third Phase Interpretation and Reporting
(1) Third phase interpretation and reporting involve two distinct types of
production: Basic reports and direct support. Basic reports provide authoritative
imagery interpretation designed to satisfy the information requirements of the intelli-
gence community, which can be used as reference documents by more than one agency, depart-
ment, or command. Direct support is imagery interpretation provided by an organization
to support the assigned mission of its own agency, department, or command.
(2) Each organization will, as a service of common concern, produce and maintain
imagery interpretation keys for the same categories for which they are assigned responsi-
bility for the production of basic reports.
(3) The categories for which DoD components have production responsibility for
basic reports and related imagery interpretation keys are set forth below:
(a) Defense Intelligence Agency
Deployed AAA/SAM facilities
Air base facilities
Naval base facilities
Ground force facilities
Deployed tactical SSM facilities
General purpose weapons industrial facilities
Military logistics
(b) Military Departments
The Military Departments will produce basic reports on the scientific
and technical characteristics, capabilities, and limitations of the weapons and weapon
systems listed below. For each weapon system, the related subsystem is included, such as:
Propulsion, command and control, guidance and navigation, electronics, and conventional
and unconventional munitions and equipment.
8
SECRET
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/12/12 : CIA-RDP78B05167A002000170001-4
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/12/12 : CIA-RDP78B05167A002000170001-4
11 March 1968
SECRET DIAM 57-5
1. Department of the Army
Firepower systems
Short range SSM
Surface-to-air missiles, including AMM
Armored
Antiarmor weapons
Artillery weapons
Infantry weapons
Chemical, biological, and radiological agents
Mobility
Trucks
Amphibious transports
Difficult terrain vehicles
Special-purpose armored vehicles
Artillery prime movers
Combat support
Mine warfare
Bridging and stream crossing equipment
Construction equipment
Camouflage and deception equipment
Barriers and forticiations
Air delivery equipment
POL supply and handling equipment
General supplies and equipment
Cargo and materials handling equipment
Power generating equipment
2. Department of the Navy
Platforms
Surface ships
9
SECRET
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/12/12 : CIA-RDP78B05167A002000170001-4
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/12/12 : CIA-RDP78B05167A002000170001-4
DIAM 57-5
SECRET 11 March 1968
Submarines
Naval aircraft
Other, including hydrofoils and other water surface constrained
platforms
Weapons
Sublaunched cruise missiles
Sublaunched ballistic missiles
Naval guns
Underwater ordnance
Sensors
Naval communications
Radar
IFF
Naval ECM
Naval ECCM
Acoustic
3. Department of the Air Force
ICBM
IRBM
MRBM
LRA (heavy and medium bombers, ASM, cruise missile)
Interceptor aircraft
VTA
Antisatellite systems
Manned and unmanned components
Armaments
Bombing/navigation systems
Engines
ECM
ECCM
Space systems
10
SECRET
fl
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/12/12 : CIA-RDP78B05167A002000170001-4 -
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/12/12 : CIA-RDP78B05167A002000170001-4
11 March 1968
SECRET DIAM 57-5
(c) Central Intelligence Agency-1-Y
Nonmilitary logistics (rail, highway, waterway, maritime, and
telecommunications)
Industrial facilities
(d) National Photographic Interpretation Centerii
Deployed strategic SSM facilities
Deployed communications/electronics and radar facilities
Strategic weapons industrial facilities
Atomic energy facilities
Missile ranges, strategic SSM and space facilities
Missile ranges, air launch facilities
Missile ranges, naval launch facilities
Missile ranges, tactical SSM facilities
Missile ranges, SAM and AMM facilities
Communications/electronics/radar R&D facilities
Chemical, biological, radiological facilities.
The NPIC will provide graphic, publication, reproduction, and dissemination support for
basic report production undertaken in the Washington area by DIA and the Military
Departments.
4/ The CIA and NPIC are tasked by the NTP. Their responsibilities are included to
clarify the relationship between their activities and those of the DoD.
11
SECRET
REVERSE BLANK
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/12/12 : CIA-RDP78B05167A002000170001-4
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/12/12 : CIA-RDP78B05167A002000170001-4
11 March 1968
SECRET DIAM 57-5
CHAPTER 3
NATIONAL DATA BASE OF IMAGE-DERIVED INFORMATION
1. (S) Introduction
a. In accordance with the provisions of the NTP, there will be established, developed,
and maintained a national data base of image-derived information, automated to the fullest
extent practicable, to support the production of intelligence. To the maximum extent
practicable, this data base will satisfy the interdependent needs for image-derived infor-
mation which exist laterally and vertically at all echelons of command from the National
Command Authorities to commanders of major command components in the field. Additionally,
this data base will support the information needs of those organizations concerned with
collection requirements, reconnaissance planning, imagery interpretation, and intelligence
production.
b. All or portions of this data base will exist in all major intelligence organiza-
tions to support the specific functions of these organizations. The assignment of
responsibilities for maintaining the various basic files of the data base will insure the
existence of complete files from which consumers can call for support, and receive coordi-
nated changes to the files they have.
2. (S) Basic Files
a. The Installations Data File will contain information derived from reconnaissance
imagery as a result of first, second, and third phase interpretation accomplished by DoD
elements, CIA, and NPIC, as well as essential elements of information (EEI's) to be
satisfied by future collection activities. Included also will be data required by intel-
ligence producers and reconnaissance collection managers pertaining to the specific tar-
gets covered and the quality of coverage associated with each target. The NPIC will
coordinate and maintain this file.
b. The Object Data File will contain information from reconnaissance imagery on
weapons, weapon systems, associated equipment, and objects of intelligence interest to
include inputs by DoD elements. The NPIC will coordinate and maintain this file.
c. The Area Coverage Data File will contain indexed information on the geographic
areas covered and the quality of the imagery acquired. DIA will coordinate and maintain
this file.
d. The Mensuration Parameters File will contain the specific technical information
on collection platform performance and sensor design specifications that is required to
support online mensuration. The NPIC will coordinate and maintain this file.
e. The Exploitation Products Data File will contain information on publications pro-
duced and disseminated as a result of imagery exploitation. The NPIC will coordinate and
maintain this file.
13
SECRET
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/12/12 : CIA-RDP78B05167A002000170001-4
.1
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/12/12 : CIA-RDP78B05167A002000170001-4
DIAM 57-5
SECRET 11 March 1968
f. The Imagery Interpretation Resources Information File will contain basic informa-
tion on resources of DIA, the Military Departments, CIA, and NPIC, and certain other DoD
resources which partially satisfy national-level requirements.. The COMIREX will coordinate
and monitor the development and use of this file with ADP support, as required, by DIA and
the NPIC.
14
SECRET
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/12/12 : CIA-RDP78B05167A002000170001-4
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/12/12 : CIA-RDP78B05167A002000170001-4
11 March 1968
SECRET DIAM 57-5
CHAPTER 4
IMAGERY INTERPRETATION REPORTS
1. (S) Introduction
a. During the Fourth Worldwide Intelligence Production Management Conference,
17-21 April 1967, representatives of the Defense Intelligence Agency, the Military
Departments, and the U&S Commands, established requirements for five types of imagery inter-
pretation reports: The Initial Photo Interpretation Report (IPIR); the Supplemental Photo
Interpretation Report (SUPIR); the Uniform Photo Interpretation Report (UPIR); the Photo
Interpretation Brief (PIB); and the Detailed Photo Interpretation Report (DPIR). No
attempt was made to establish formats for these reports. Alternatively, it was the consen-
sus tHat a conference be convened at a later date expressly to establish standardized
reporting formats.
b. Accordingly, DIA convened a conference with representatives of the Military Depart-
ments and the U&S Commands during the period 31 July - 4 August 1967 to establish stand-
ardized formats for the IPIR/SUPIR, UPIR, PIB, and DPIR.
c. Exhaustive review of the DoD requirements for image-derived information, from
both the consumer and producer points of view, identified a number of principles as a
basis for structuring formats for first and second phase reporting. Foremost among these
principles are that the same format should be used for both the first and second phase
reports; the reports should be human and machine readable, capable of satisfying the
information and time requirements at all levels of command, from tactical units in the
field to National Command Authorities; and, perhaps most important, they should be as
simple as possible to prepare to ease the burden on not only the image interpreter, but
on the consumer and communicator as well. In addition to these principles, the formats
should allow information to be transmitted as rapidly as possible due to the extreme per-
ishability of combat information, yet information should be reported in sufficient depth
to provide historical data for subsequent more detailed interpretation. Lastly the
formats should permit image-derived information to be readily and efficiently inputted
into widely dispersed automated data bases in a common format.
d. The European and Pacific Commands presented proposals to the conference as to
how the foregoing principles could be best applied and put into practice. Each of the
presentations had its own particular merits: The proposal of the European Command
reflected a highly formatted program, designed to support the production of finished
intelligence, which relied in large measure upon sophisticated automated data processing
equipment and techniques. The proposal of the Pacific Command for first and second phase
reporting, on the other hand, was not as highly formatted, but was machine readable as
well as usable in many organizations which do not possess automated data processing
equipment.
e. The conferees exchanged their respective views with the objective of incorporat-
ing the best features of each proposal into a single standard format to satisfy the wide
15
SECRET
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/12/12 : CIA-RDP78B05167A002000170001-4
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/12/12 : CIA-RDP78B05167A002000170001-4
DIAM 57-5
SECRET 11 fVlarch 1968
range of Command and National requirements. Further, to insure that a single format is
used for all first and second phase reporting, special emphasis was given to meeting the
reporting requirements for joint tactical operations. The conferees unanimously agreed
upon a single format for first and second phase reporting (IPIR/SUPIR) which satisfied
all of the requirements which had been identified, including those for joint tactical
operations, and reflected a proper appreciation of the wide range of producer capabilities.
f. Standardized formats were similarly established for third phase reporting (FIB
and DPIR).
g. No action was taken to modify the format for the UPIR since it was recently
revised.
h. During August 1967, DIA submitted the DoD agreed upon formats for the IPIR/SUPIR,
PIB, and DPIR to the COMIREX to insure the fullest coordination and compatibility with
similar reporting formats of CIA and NPIC. See appendix B for formats approved by COMIREX.
2. (C) General Description of Reports
a. The Initial Photo Interpretation Report (IPIR) is a first phase report used to
report information on approved mission objectives and may be used, also, to report new
and perishable information. The IPIR will be prepared within the time frame specified by
appropriate authority to meet National or Command requirements. The IPIR will be prepared
in human and readable form, suitable for electrical transmission. When mission photog-
raphy is processed by a foreign government, the DOD organization first provided the film
will prepare the IPIR.
b. The Supplemental Photo Interpretation Report (SUPIR) is a second phase compre-
hensive review of all imagery acquired on a given mission. Within the capability of
available resources, priority for review will be given to approved reconnaissance objec-
tives. The SUPIR will be prepared in the same human and machine readable format as the
IPIR and will be used to report by electrical transmission additional information to that
provided by the IPIR. The SUPIR may be transmitted incrementally.
c. The Uniform Photo Interpretation Report (UPIR) is a third phase, semiformatted
report of a particular objective, containing detailed information extracted from photo-
graphic sensor imagery.
d. The Photo Interpretation Brief (FIB) is a third phase textual/graphic presenta-
tion in hard copy of a particular objective used to communicate photo intelligence infor-
mation rapidly, particularly in those instances when the use of photographic imagery will
aid the consumer's comprehension.
e. The Detailed Photo Interpretation Report (DPIR) is a third phase textual/graphic
presentation in hard copy used to communicate comprehensive and detailed photo intelligence
information.
16
SECRET
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/12/12 : CIA-RDP78B05167A002000170001-4
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/12/12 : CIA-RDP78B05167A002000170001-4
11 March 1968
SECRET DIAM 57-5
CHAPTER 5
PROGRAMMING OF RESOURCES
A methodology for programming image interpreter manpower resources will be forwarded at
a later date, upon approval by COMIREX.
17 REVERSE BLANK
SECRET
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/12/12 : CIA-RDP78B05167A002000170001-4
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/12/12 : CIA-RDP78B05167A002000170001-4
11 March 1968
SECRET
APPENDIX A
DEFINITIONS
DIAM 57-5
*BASIC REPORT PRODUCTION: Basic report production is that imagery interpretation effort
which is undertaken to provide a flow of basic image-derived information required by more
than one agency, department, or command. It is a step-by-step process of extracting and
accumulating information from reconnaissance imagery. Basic report production involves and
is limited to the derivation of information on specific installations, objects, activities,
or search areas examined. It requires the preparation of an authoritative base report,
augmented by information derived from subsequent first and second phase reporting and
updated periodically, or as required by appropriate authority. Basic report production,
thus, is that imagery exploitation process required to establish and maintain in a current
status an authoritative base of image-derived information which contains the information
acquired from each successive reconnaissance mission. It is a process in which a discern-
ible pattern of exploitation activity is repeated for reconnaissance collection objectives
and those targets designated for exploitation. Inherent in the data base concept is the
responsibility for providing periodically, or as required by appropriate authority, col-
lations of image-derived information in forms which meet users needs.
*DIRECT SUPPORT: Direct support is that imagery interpretation effort which is undertaken
in direct and timely support of the assigned mission of an agency, department, or command.
It is a dynamic "on demand" process in which directly subordinate imagery interpretation
resources must be applied to meet the spectrum of intelligence needs of a higher authority
and which cannot be satisfied by basic report production. Direct support, thus, is con-
tinuously oriented in support of the mission of an organization, rather than toward pro-
viding a flow of basic image-derived information from the imagery acquired by each succes-
sive reconnaissance mission. It is responsive to the changing needs of the higher
authority being supported and can be effectively programmed only by that authority.
Direct support utilizes, as an authoritative base, the information derived as a result of
basic report production. It responds to the needs of the authority being supported,
builds upon this base by undertaking exploitation in depth, and relates and correlates the
resulting additional information with all other image-derived information. It refines and
supplements this information as a result of in-depth exploitation and correlates and
tailors the resulting information for integration and synthesis into finished intelligence
which directly supports the assigned mission of the higher authority. On occasion, how-
ever, it may necessarily entail a certain amount of basic report production because of
the critical or unique timing needs of the authority being supported.
*DUPLICATION OF IMAGERY INTERPRETATION: Imagery interpretation which results in essen-
tially the same products, services, or information. In first and second phase interpre-
tation, the operation must be performed on the same mission film to be considered duplicative.
ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS OF INFORMATION: The critical items of information needed by the com-
mander by a particular time, to relate with other available information and intelligence
in order to assist him in reaching a logical decision.
*EXPLOITATION: The act of
can be derived which is of
at any given point in time
tation, latent images into
ties, and areas which they
extracting from imagery the full measure of information that
value to finished intelligence producers and related activities
. Also the act of converting, as a result of imagery interpre-
useful information about the objects, installations, activi-
represent.
*FIRST PHASE INTERPRETATION: The preliminary, rapid interpretation of newly acquired
imagery for the purpose of extracting, organizing, and communicating information to
satisfy immediate priority needs. First phase interpretation includes screening or
scanning, the preparation of Initial Photographic Interpretation Reports (IPIR's), and
the preparation of briefing materials.
*Definition is not included
in JCS Pub 1.
19
SECRET
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/12/12 : CIA-RDP78B05167A002000170001-4
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/12/12 : CIA-RDP78B05167A002000170001-4
DIAM 57-5
SECRET 11 March 1968
*IMAGERY: The permanent record of the likeness of any natural or manmade objects repro-
duced on photographic material. This imagery can be acquired through the sensing of the
visual or any other segment of the electromagnetic spectrum by sensors, such as panchro-
matic, infrared, and high-resolution radar. Within the context of this manual, imagery
does not include those records of communications or radar signals, and telemetry data which
do not reproduce the likeness of objects or photographic material.
INFORMATION (INTELLIGENCE): Unprocessed material of every description including that
derived from observations, reports, rumors, photographs, etc., which when analyzed, pro-
duces intelligence.
INTELLIGENCE: The product resulting from the collection, evaluation, analysis, integra-
tion, and interpretation of all available information which concerns one or more aspects
of foreign nations or of areas of operations and which is immediately or potentially
significant to military planning and operations.
INTELLIGENCE PROCESS: The steps by which information is assembled and the resulting
product made available to users. These steps are generally grouped into three phases:
a. Collection - The procurement and selection of information pertinent to a given
intelligence problem.
b. Production - The logical process of judging the credibility of collected infor-
mation, drawing pertinent inferences from an analysis thereof, and when appropriate,
interpreting such inferences in the perspective of planning.
c. Dissemination - The conveyance of intelligence in suitable form (oral, graphic,
or written) to agencies needing it.
INTELLIGENCE REQUIREMENTS: Any subject, general or specific, upon which there is a need
for the collection of information, or the production of intelligence.
*INTERPRETATION. IMAGERY: The extraction from imagery of information contributing to the
synthesized body of knowledge which constitutes intelligence.
MANAGEMENT: A process of establishing and attaining objectives to carry out responsi-
bilities. Management consists of those continuing actions of planning, organizing,
directing, coordinating, controlling, and evaluating the use of men, money, materials,
and facilities to accomplish missions and tasks. Management is inherent in command, but
it does not include as extensive authority and responsibility as command.
NATIONAL INTELLIGENCE: Integrated departmental intelligence that covers the broad aspects
of national policy and national security, is of concern to more than one department or
agency, and transcends the exclusive competence of a single department or agency.
*(S) PENETRATION RECONNAISSANCE: Reconnaissance accomplished over denied territory, as
well as other areas of priority intelligence interest determined by the USIB. It does
not include reconnaissance accomplished from within approved air corridors or reconnais-
sance in direct support of actively combatant U.S. forces.
*PHERIPHERAL RECONNAISSANCE: Peripheral reconnaissance is controlled and tasked by the
JCS, and includes reconnaissance of denied areas accomplished from within approved air
corridors, or from the periphery of denied areas.
20
SECRET
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/12/12 : CIA-RDP78B05167A002000170001-4
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/12/12 : CIA-RDP78B05167A002000170001-4
11 March 1968
SECRET DIAM 57-5
RECONNAISSANCE: A mission undertaken to obtain by visual observation or other detection
methods, information about the activities and resources of an enemy or potential enemy;
or to secure data about the meteorological, hydrographic, or geographic characteristics
of a particular area.
*SECOND PHASE INTERPRETATION: The systematic review of newly acquired reconnaissance
imagery for the purpose of providing a succinct, organized, and comprehensive summary of
the information extracted, or available for extraction from the imagery obtained by a
mission. Second phase interpretation includes imagery indexing, the preparation of mis-
sion review reports, and the review of newly acquired imagery for the purpose of provid-
ing additive detailed data required in support of current intelligence and the update of
the information and intelligence base. It also includes the preparation of timely summary
reports on newly identified targets, and significant changes to existing targets and order
of battle information. In addition, it encompasses Supplemental Photographic Interpreta-
tion Reports (SUPIR's), as well as the preparation of technical and quality evaluation of
the acquired imagery and reconnaissance systems.
SENSOR: A technical means to extend man's natural senses; an equipment which detects and
indicates terrain configuration, the presence of military targets, and other natural and
manmade objects and activities by means of energy emitted or reflected by such targets or
objects. The energy may be nuclear, electomagnetic, including the visible and invisible
portions of the spectrum, chemical, biological, thermal, or mechanical, including sound,
blast, and earth vibration.
*TACTICAL AIR RECONNAISSANCE: The use of air vehicles to obtain information concerning
terrain, weather, and the disposition, composition, movement, installations, lines of
communication, electronic and communication emissions of enemy forces. Also included are
artillery and naval gunfire adjustment, and systematic and random observations of ground
battle areas, targets, and/or sections of airspace.
TECHNICAL INTELLIGENCE: The product resulting from the collection, evaluation, analysis,
and interpretation of foreign scientific and technical information which covers:
a. Foreign developments in basic and applied research, and in applied engineering
techniques; and
b. Scientific and technical characteristics, capabilities, and limitations of all
foreign military systems, weapons, weapon systems and materiel, the research and develop-
ment related thereto; and the production methods employed for their manufacture.
*THIRD PHASE INTERPRETATION: The interpretation in depth of reconnaissance imagery for the
purpose of extracting and coherently organizing the accurate, detailed and comprehensive
information required in the production of intelligence. Third phase reporting may involve
more than one mission, and is oriented toward specific targets and functional categories.
In-depth analysis is the primary feature of this phase, with actions having both long-
and short-term suspenses.
*Definition is not included in JCS Pub 1.
21 REVERSE BLANK
SECRET
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/12/12 : CIA-RDP78B05167A002000170001-4
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/12/12 : CIA-RDP78B05167A002000170001-4
11 March 1968
SECRET
APPENDIX B
IMAGERY INTERPRETATION REPORT FORMATS
DIAM 57-5
Imagery interpretation report formats will be forwarded at a later date, upon approval
by COMIREX.
23
SECRET
(Reverse Blank)
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/12/12 : CIA-RDP78B05167A002000170001-4