REQUEST FOR TRAVEL AND/OR CONTACT(Sanitized)

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: NGA Records (Formerly NIMA)
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP78B04770A002700040035-2
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 15
• Document Creation Date: December 28, 2016
• Document Release Date: June 16, 2005
• Sequence Number: 35
• Publication Date: February 16, 1966
• Content Type: FORM

25X1
) SECRET
OA, (When Filled In)
)App ov" or ReleAe 2005/06/23 : CIA-RDPV1304WQMOP000400
y
REQUEST F. TRVEL AND/OR CONTACT
1,"
, i NTRACT CONTACT

1::1 130
MODE OF TRAVEL
POV
EXCESS BAGGAGE
DYES a NO
BAGGAGE WEIGHT
RENTAL CAR
0 YES NO
TRAVEL ADVANCE
DYES NO
COVER ORDERS
OYES in NO
TYPE COVER ORDERS
..... ,... -
COURIER ORDERS
...-- ......
CLY-ES----- IhNO .-
TYPE COURIER ORDERS
........._ _ .
ID CARD
EYES 0 NO
TYPE ID CARD
CIA
CLEARANCE CERWICATIO
YES / 0\
CLEARANCE CERTIFICATION
TYPE OF TRAVEL 111 OPERATIONAL SUPPORT! 0 PROFEgSIONAL SOCIETY -' TRAINJNO- 1 EOD
,...'
0 PERSONNEL RECRUITMENT rj RESEARCH 8,-6EYELOPMENT 0 OTHER (specify)
DETAILED ITINERARY & PURPOSE (Name, address & phone of persons & places to be visited and specific purpose & time of
each appointment. In contract cases, indicate each company to be visited and whether it is precontract or contract.
Al indicate whether contract is SC-0 or SC-1.)
23 February 1966 - Watt to make unclassified visit to Navy Reconnaissance & Technical
Support Center, Suitlaad, Maryland.
To observe 1000 Scan Line T7 S7stern.
-.'
Will be with
Assistant Head Evaluation Dept25
,
Declass Review by NGA.
,...-,
----,
25
Cr) ,
Lo
...Z.:
IllATI^M evoilocron ow MATE"
Approved For Release 2005/06/23 : CIA-RDP78604770A002700040035-2
Release 2005/06/23 : CIA-RDP781304770A002700040035-2,
Approved For Release 2005/06/23 : CIA-RDP78604770A002700040035-2
r Release 2005/06/23 : CIA-RDP78B
040035-2
?
.
? - 4' . ?
v??
*4
Approved For Release 2005/06/23 : CIA-RDP78604770A002700040035-2
Approved For Release 2005/06/23 : CIA-RDP78604770A002700040035-2
Approved For Release 2005/06/23 : CIA-RDP78604770A002700040035-2
displays
Approved For Relea?er2M/4612E3 ziciA-13,,PR7apPeWeVjgliWN040n-3-0-5Terraactory glass substrate. The luminescent films
and daylight viewing capabilities. Today many of have the same basic properties as the phosphor
the newest radars, data processing systems, avionics powders, the same emission color, the same time
constants and the same efficiency. The differences
are entirely optical arising from the fact that the
particles in the film are very small, and therefore
absorb, reflect and scatter very little light. On this
fact are based the unique properties of the trans-
parent films, their advantages and their limitations.
As shown in the first Figure, when an electron beam
strikes the conventional powdered phosphor, the
light emitted is scattered among a number of par-
ticles, reflects from an aluminum backing, and most
of it emerges ? as a trace considerably broader
than the electron beam. When the beam strikes
The screens are produced by evaporating pow- the film, the light generated is emitted in all direc-
dered phosphors and subsequently baking them on tions, half of it back into the tube, and an addi-
PanAura Corporation has been organized to meet
the ever increasing needs for better displays. It
is apparent that the man in man-machine relations
must be provided better information, and that it is
the display apparatus that is frequently the limiting
factor in the machine. It is further obvious that
simple, effective color, higher resolution, and better
visibility in cathode ray tubes can make an impor-
tant contribution to the solution of the problem.
PanAura Corporation has developed "Transylume"
screens to make it possible to build both vivid color
FIGURE 1
ELECTRON BEAM
systems and oscillography suffer in not being able
to reproduce the resolution of the basic systems
performance. The "Transylume" screen makes it
possible to solve these problems.
PanAura Corporation has
improved resolutiou
SOFTGLASS FACE AND BULB
ELECTRON BEAM
TRANSPARENT
PHOSPHOR
PATENT SEAL
Approved For Release 2005/06/23 : CIA-RDP78604770A002700040035-2
VYCOR FACE PLATE
tional fraction (that at greater than the WcraCiViglgor Rprnatifri0M Me2
06/23 : CIA-RDP78B04770A00270004?cent trace of the electron beam, that is,
trapped in the glass. Therefore, only a fraction
emerges toward the viewer, but in a trace just as
fine as the electron beam.
A resolution of 5,000 line pairs per inch is readily
obtained. Actually the screens are far better than
this. Using a new gun structure and focusing prin-
ciple designed by PanAura, a complete 525 line tele-
vision picture can be compressed to less than one
eighth inch height. All of the details in the picture
are readily visible under a microscope, the contrast
is excellent, and the image is bright enough to be
viewed in high ambient light levels. The limits of
resolution which can be obtained cannot be stated?
simply because measurements are very difficult be-
yond 5,000 lines per inch.
improved contrast and
V isibility in high resolution displays
Brightness is reduced by optical losses as previ-
ously described, but visibility of the trace is better
under most conditions than with powdered phos-
phors. As shown in the second Figure, ambient light
is efficiently reflected from a powdered phosphor
screen so that in a well-lighted room, the unlighted
background of the screen is about as bright as the
there is not sufficient contrast for the trace to be
visible. With the transparent film, ambient light
penetrates the screen and is lost in the interior of
the tube. Thus, even though the trace on a trans-
parent screen may be only a fraction as bright as
the trace on a powdered screen with aluminum
backing, the trace on the transparent screen remains
easily visible in the brightest light. Neither a six-foot
arc searchlight focused on the tube from six feet
away or direct sunlight beaming directly into the
tube reduces visibility appreciably. "Bright display"
which is achieved at the expense of considerable
complexity and loss of resolution with powdered
phosphor screens is just an inherent characteristic
of transparent screens.
FIGURE 2
ORDINARY
PHOSPHOR
GRAIN SCREEN
TRANSPARENT PHOSPHOR SCREEN
Transylume Screens Visible in Bright Light
Approved For Release 2005/06/23 : CIA-RDP78604770A002700040035-2
applications
for PanAura
Transylume
Color Tube Display
ground applications
Tactical Control Systems
High Resolution Radar
Air Traffic Control
Data Transfer Systems
CIC Plots
airborne applications
Countermeasure Displays
Course and Landing Information
Reconnaissance
Target Identification
Terrain Avoidance Radar
other
Closed Circuit Television
Ship Bridge Repeaters
Multi-Channel Oscilloscopes
Approved For Release 2005/06/23 : CIA-RDP78604770A002700040035-2
HIGH RESOLUTION
FLYING SPOT SCANNER
FOR FILM PICKUP
PHOTO
MULTIPLIER
TUBE
FIGURE 3
applications
for PanAura
Transylume
Monochrome Tube Display
Airport Control Towers
Bright Projection Displays
Portable Television
Flying Spot Scanners
Bright-High Contrast Display
II
WWWWWWW
WWWWWWW
?Ciss WWWWW
RADAR SITE X
Approved For Release 2005/06/23 : CIA-RDP78604770A002700040035-2
???????????
Approved For Release 2005/0
4 CHANNEL SIGNALS
/2 -RDP78604770A002700040035-2
HIGH RESOLUTION
REPEATER FOR RECORD
AND PROJECTION
CAMERA
MICROWAVE
STATION
CIC MASTER DISPLAY IN 4 COLORS
RADAR SITE Y
RADAR SITE Z
COCKPIT TUBE FOR BRIGHT LIGHT VISIBILITY
Approved For Release 2005/06/23 : CIA-RDP78B04770A002700040035-2
PanAura has
decreased noise
Approved For Release 2005/06/23 : CIA-RDP78604770A002700040035-2
which are processed to a slightly hazy appearance can PanAura can
have a brightness approaching that of conventional
powdered phosphors. Evaporated screens processed
to a translucent layer have, in fact, been made which
are brighter than settled powder phosphors.
Evaporated "Transylume" screens can thus pro- to high resolution displays
duce brightness at the expense of transparency and
retain an advantage in resolution and low noise com-
pared to settled phosphors. For example, translucent
evaporated screens with a brightness approaching
that of thinly settled powder phosphors retain a
resolution of more than 4,000 line pairs per inch.
Screens can thus be tailored for the optimum com-
promise between resolution and brightness for a
particular tube design and performance requirement
with the advantage of greatly reduced noise through-
out the range of brightness-resolution ratios.
Freedom from noise is another inherent virtue of
the evaporated screens. It is difficult to settle pow-
dered phosphors in a perfectly uniform layer, and
the difficulty gets worse with small powder settled
in a very thin layer as necessary for conventional
high resolution tubes. Inevitably the powders are
thicker and more tightly packed in some places than
in others and consequently more light is emitted
from one spot than from a spot immediately adja-
cent. Evaporated films are inherently more evenly
distributed and therefore less "noisy." Measurement
techniques commonly used in the CR tube industry
to evaluate high resolution screens are, in fact, not
adequate to detect any noise in "Transylume"
screens. Scanning a three-inch screen with a 0.04"
spot detector shows no variation, and more sensitive,
higher resolution detectors must be developed to
establish the noise limits.
"Transylume" screens can produce
high brightness
Transparent screens have, as previously described,
optical losses which reduce brightness compared to
powdered phosphors operated under the same volt-
age and current conditions; but this is a very sensi-
tive function of the degree of transparency. Meas-
urements indicate that two screens which are equally
transparent to casual visual examination will differ
in brightness by a factor of two. Evaporated screens
add coivr
"Transylume" screens
resist burn
Evaporated films after baking adhere very tightly
to the glass substrate. The glass thus acts as an
efficient heat sink which reduces current satura-
tion due to heating and virtually eliminates phosphor
burn. Very unstable phosphors such as some of the
fluorides may still deteriorate after a long period at
high driving levels; but burn has never been observed
in some of the more stable phosphors.
Standard P-1 films have been driven at levels
where the electron beam melted the Vycor substrate
with no measurable deterioration of the phosphor.
Where circuit and electron optics limitations permit,
high brightness can be achieved using voltage and
current levels that would burn powdered phosphors.
Finally, concerning color, evaporated films can be
used in any color tube as dots or stripes or whatever
geometry is required for existing color tubes ? with
the advantage of resolution and contrast previously
described for single layer films. More unique, how-
ever, are the variety of new color systems that can
be devised based on tubes in which the screen
comprised of multiple layers of transparent films.
The color variation depends on the fact that elec-
trons with a particular accelerating voltage all pene-
trate the luminescent films precisely the same dis-
tance, and the depth of penetration varies with volt-
age by amounts that correspond to reasonable thick-
nesses of films. Brightness from a particular layer
of film therefore increases as voltage is increased
to penetrate more of the film. Moreover, as shown
in Figure 3, as voltage is increased to the level where
electrons penetrate further than the thickness of a
particular film, the light output from that film drops
off rapidly. Thus, at a relatively low voltage, for
example, 4KV, the emission is solely from the top
layer of film. At a second voltage, which may be
2 to 4KV higher depending on the thickness of tt
luminescent films, the emission is virtually the pur,
spectral emission of the second film. At intermediate
voltages the emission is an additive mixture of the
two. Thus, if the top layer emits red and the second
layer emits green, at intermediate voltages the color
emitted changes from red to orange to yellow to
green as shown on the additive three color chart in
Approved For Release 2005/06/23 : CIA-RDP78604770A002700040035-2
Api elease 2005/06/23 : CIA-RDP781304770A002700040035-2
rigure 4. by Ine addition of a blue emitting film
the purple, violet and blue colors are added in the
same way. By the use of proper emission colors of
the adjacent films, any color mixture can be pro-
duced. For example, voltages intermediate between
a yellow and blue film will produce white ? or the
proper blue, green and red film will produce white.
Myriads of color combinations may thus be obtained
because films can be produced in a wide variety of
emission colors including the same phosphors wide-
ly used in the present shadow mask tubes.
A major consideration in the use of "Transylume"
multicolor screens is the simplicity of the elec-
tronics. The screens can be employed to produce
vivid colors in various existing scan conversion and
storage tubes with little change in the tube design
and using the same signal inputs that now produce
halftones. In simple CR tubes, color displays can be
produced by multiple guns or with a single gun fo-
cused on a mesh near the screen and modulated by
post acceleration.
FIGURE 4
VOLTAGE
Approved For Release 2005/06/23 : CIA-RDP78604770A002700040035-2
Approved For Release 2005/06/23 : CIA-RDP78604770A002700040035-2
PanAura 's
contributions
to evaporated CR tube screens
The advantages of transparent screens for high
resolution and color change by voltage penetration
have been recognized for many years, and numerous
efforts were made to produce luminescent glasses
and films. Evaporation, sputtering, vapor phase re-
actions, chemical and electrical deposition were all
tried with indifferent success. A big step forward
was made by Feldman at the Naval Research Labora-
tory who first produced bright films in a variety of
colors by his process of evaporating and subsequent
baking. This work kindled new interest and stimu-
lated considerable effort to copy and modify his
process by many organizations but was ultimately
abandoned.
It is reasonable, therefore, to ask why "Transylume"
screens are useful in the face of limitations which
discouraged other organizations in the CR tube
industry. The reason lies in a dedicated effort by
PanAura scientists which has resulted in solving in a
very short period of time a host of critical problems.
Contributions have been made in several areas:
(a) Improvements in the process for producing evap-
orated phosphor screens have improved the
quality of screens and increased the number of
phosphors available in evaporated form. Many
of the standard phosphors and a number not
available as powders can be produced.
(b) The important control of the degree of transpar-
ency to obtain the optimum brightness ? reso-
lution combination was recognized and exploited
as previously described.
(c) In contrast to several competing processes, size
is no limitation. 21-inch screens of high quality
have been demonstrated.
(d) A new gun design and focusing principle have
been developed to take advantage of the resolu-
tion capabilities of the "Transylume" screens to
produce better than 5,000 line pair displays.
(e) A reliable, bakeable, direct seal between a Vycor
face-plate with the phosphor screen and soft
glass tube necks has been developed for tubes
of moderate size.
(f) A compact, reliable voltage modulator has been
developed which is capable of several hundred
KC color switching, adequate for line or frame
sequential systems.
The solution of this battery of problems in phos-
phor chemistry, evaporation techniques, electron
optics, tube construction, and electronic circuitry
insures the utility of "Transylume" screens in a
variety of applications. It also demonstrates the
dedication and capability of PanAura personnel for
making contributions to display systems.
applications
PanAura Corporation can meet the needs for the
most technically advanced display systems. The cor-
porate capability covers the entire technology assoc
ated with displays from the "Transylume" screens
through systems design and construction. The
screens will be supplied for use in tubes designed
by other organizations or tubes of PanAura design
can be supplied for systems designed by others.
Systems studies and design will also be undertaken
by PanAura, particularly in the area of complex dis-
play problems where the optimum mixture of color
and symbols requires study of human engineering
factors.
Some of the obvious applications where display
systems would benefit from the extremely high reso-
lution and the rugged, simple color tubes made pos-
sible by "Transylume" screens are shown in Figure 4.
PanAura Corporation
CHEMICAL ELECTRONICS
A Subsidiary of The Harshaw Chemical Company
Research Laboratory: 9415:131=edelserfiencl ? Arlington, Virginia
3/Ar Cohanie//9
? Telephone: [phone]
Approved For Release 2005/06/23 : CIA-RDP78604770A002700040035-2
25X1
Approved For Release 2005/06/23 : CIA-RDP78604770A002700040035-2
- SUPPORT SYSTitC SECTION
Take appropriate action
Note and return to me
See me about this
For your information
For you... approval
41161....cest1ate and report
Read and pass on
Expedita
le/-t-- 753
ommentB4o. IL ?I/447t *
w /0 ?e-f-
Approved For Release 2005/06/23 : CIA-RDP78604770A002700040035-2
SENDER
=m.o.
AttiPIPS4trtrir 614441ea46120051
I I CONFIDENTIAL
6 t? JRD1D78BC,
?1 UNCLASSIFIED
SECRET
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
OFFICIAL ROUTING SLIP
TO
7 AME AND ADDRESS
DATE
INITIALS
1
-------1.3 0
MAR 1966
2
3
4
5
,
6
ACTION
DIREC -REPLY
PREPARE REPLY
APPROVAL,.DITCH
RECOMMENDATION
COMMENT
FILE
RETURN
CONCURRENC
INFORMATION
SIGNATURE
Remarks
/
.1
1
?
II L
a le '
, .
A.'
7t(aV
A
(Si
. -
-----
. , ___.?
`e l?' r
/
,
' 4,Li
?
,
/,
FO(-/D HERE/TO RETURN TO SENDER
FRO
NO.
DATE
?I
UNCLASsit iED I I CONFIDENTIAL
SEC/I T _
FORM NO.
2-61 4 037 Use previous editions
(40)
U.S GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1961 0-587262
7701111111111111111111111002700
Approved For Release 2005/06/23 : CIA-RDP78604770A002700040035-2
?
VINair?JI L?41
'111111 W V ?.1 I A 71.1..VeFLT 0 I S DATE 1111111r1-1
%V I 1 .. I La% r?T 1 1 Nair AN or Nair L I
REMARKS -,-
DIR
DEP/DIR
EXEC/DIR
TECH ADV
ASST FOR ADMIN
CH/SS
CH/MSS
ASST FOR OPS
ASST FOR PA
%WI
ASST FOR P&D
1?,./......."
CH/CSD
CH/IPD
CH/PD
CH/PSD
CH/TID
CH/CIA/PID
CH/ twoor.-X X-4
CH/DIA/AP-1P
CH/SPAD
LO/CGS/CIA
LO/NSA