CONTRACT(Sanitized)PERCEPTION CONCEPTS TO PHOT0-INTERPRETATION

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: NGA Records (Formerly NIMA)
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP78B04770A002300030027-6
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 39
• Document Creation Date: December 28, 2016
• Document Release Date: March 30, 2005
• Sequence Number: 27
• Publication Date: July 17, 1963
• Content Type: LETTER

STAT
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17 July 1963
-454
Office of Naval Research
STAT
I of the Navy
shington 25, 0. C.
Attention:
Porceptien Concepts to Photo-Interpretation
P
Y
Code 414,
Contract
This letter constitutes L'tta'r Report No. 17 for the
0 June 1963.
Airing June, effort under this contract was raeinst .ted
upon notification, receipt and execution of Axmsndnent No. 6 to the Contract
which authorized additional funding and performance time. Since this
action took place after raid-rr1onth,technical activity eras not sufficient to
warrant issuance of a technical progress report for the period ending
30 June. The next progress report. No. 18 for 31 July 1963, will report
technical activity coma, enced in late June through 31 July.
STAT
Declass Review by NGA.
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STAT
STAT
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PROJECT OBJECTIVES & ACCOMPII$llftl(NT5
PHASE I -APRIL /960 t6P1VOYt1VBE4I /960
OBJECT/!/E
Determine feasibility of perceptron
application to photo interpretation.
ACCOMPLISHMENTS
Used Mark I perceptron to demonstrate
recognition of militarily /nterestinq
silhouetted targets.
Desiqned a Mark II perceptron.
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SIMPLE PERCEPTRON
S-units
4-units
P-unit
O,/
INPUT
PATTERN
/ T TYRES c
SUS /NG WE/GHTS0, ADJUSTED
THRESHOLD/NG DUQ/N6 TRAIN/N6
f AND --
CONNECTIONS
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PHASE It-,4P121L 196/Io4PPIC /962
OBJEC TI VES
Determine overall system to work with
perceptron photo-interpretation device.
Iso/ate unusual requirements of system
and prepare feasible so/utions.
Provide for aphoto-input capability for
the /6M- 70? digital tomputer.
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PHOTO
OBJECT PffPPOC(JS/NG
AND
KCOGM/ 1/ON
OBJECT
1SOLA T/Oh '
PPEPPOC(SS/MG
OBJECT
MOPMAL/ZATIOH
OBJeCT
DIfT[CTIOH
OB'/KCT
KCOIYITIOA'
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DETECT/ON
A. Detection should be independent
of shape but should preserve shape.
B. Detection produces si/houe/fes.
C. Detection relies on
1. Differences in contrast
2. Outlining by edges
3. Textural differences.
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/BOLA TION
A. P/aces each defected object or
nan-object in a separate frame.
,8. ihould handle objects within objects.
G. Should avoid breaking up images
of objects.
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STANDARD/ZA TIOM
A. Translates each object until its
centroid is in the center of the
frame.
B. h'otates each object until one of its
principal axes is vertical.
C. Scales each object until it
approximately fills, a staildard frame,
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OIJJEC T h't'COGN/T/ON
A. Uses a property list, linear discriminator,
adupfive machine - a perceptron.
B. Bases its operation mainly on shape
recognition, using perceptron principles.
CO Provides for the use of "objective" properties
derives! from both silhouette and from
the full -grey - scale image.
,D. Provides for the use of object background
information (water, terrain type, cu/tivotior~)
in recognizing ob, jests
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AN 0~/EC7 SE6~NfNT,O7~ON AID STgNDARp/ZqT/ON SE p//ENCE
IN A6'iWA'T/C P#07Z' /,Vi2?"FEW/GV
aced s~~ho~r2ll~s fi~~
Processed ~Ito7~i~,a~i
0 O.P/6/NAL D ~OC2SSea'Pbota~it~~h
PNOTOGKAOf/ cl//Vy 06,jecfG~leclia7 aMd
LRVA5s FiYf2lilly
~7?fld8fld/~8d from oflso/afed .00iar~~s
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PHOTO 11Vo011T FACILITY
facsimile Analog4)iqitaI. To
Scanner Converter /Bf'17O4
Input
Picture
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PHASE II - 4OMPL/SHMENTS
1. Devised an overall system diQqrQm
which recognized the importance of
preprocessing of phofoqrop/is prior
to a recognition li/nc//on.
2. (stab//shed techniques for defecting,
is~otin9, and stondardizinq objects
of interest.
3. Developed diqi/ol computer programs
which iinP/emented detection, iso/allan,
and stondordiZotio17.
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PHASE 17- ACCOA1PLISy,IjTS
('co/vY/NUED)
4_ Provided o portia/ ego/uotion of
pre-processing Techniques.
5. Developed conputer programs for
imp/ementinq a /arqe perceptron.
6. Developed /00 /roes per inch, /6
level, photo Input system.
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pH~9SElif-APPIL /962 DECEMBER /962
OBJECTIVES
j. Establish feasibility of ire processing
techniques that were proposed andpurtio//y
evaluated in Phase IL
2. Develop techniques for detecting /ow
controst objects.
3 Establish requirements of perceptron-like
device fo recoqn/ze abje~ts ofini/itory interest
which ore detected bypre-processinq system.
~- Oewotis/rafe,usin9 fbeproqroms implemented
on the 18M-704, acomplete , but situp /e
outoinotfcphotointerpretatioh devke whiCfi con
identify Are ay-more siinp/e obfect cote9orles.
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FUNCTION
TECHNIQUE
OBJECT
RNNUL fli?
DETECTION
FIL TER P[US
KOLMOGOROtI-
S/M/'LE
CI1P FILLER
UMFO
M/
SM/RNOV
I2
TY
OBJEt?T
ISOLATOR
TEST
TEST
SEPR/?PT/ON
VR/2/RB/L/TY
S TANDARD/ZER
REMO1/AL
OBJECT
PERCEPTRON
RECOGNITiON
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ANNULAR FIL TEP USED FOR OBJEC T DETECTION
O'BJEC`T POINT
ION-ABJECT Pd/NT
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DETECTION AND ISOLATION USING IBC -S TWO SAMPLE TEST
RESULTS(HA[FS/ZE) OF K-S P&OGEDURE OPER4T/N6
ON PICTURE ABOVE
06/fCT 1
OtB/EGT 2
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PECOGNI TION EXPERIMENT
t 36 c 20 OF THESE
36
INPUT
PATTERN
THESE THESE 4
ADD AND
THRESHOLD
ADD AND
THRESHOLD
0
WEIGHT o
yr, w,
WE1 GHT
W2
20 OF 500 OF
ADD
AND
THR(5-
HOLD
RECOGNITION
OUTPUT
O(=NON AIRCRAFT)
I (= AIRG RAFT)
F GOMPAQE
TRUE
C44$$/F7C477ON
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P1143(11!- ACCOMPL/JIIM(MTJ
1. /MPPOVLD P11010 INPUT fAC/LITY
Z UTILIZATION Of PHOTO OUTPUT fACilITY
3 DLV(LOPM(NT Of MYPOTt1CSIS ItS 11MG T(CIIHIQU(S
fOR D(T(CIION//SOLAT/ON PPOCLSS
4. D(V!1OPM(NT Of NOM-L/ML4A' f/LTCP/MG TECHNIQUES
fop GAP FILL IN6
5 PREPARATION AND DIGITAL PPOC(SSIMG Of A LAI2G(
MUM&!P Of PIIOTOGP14PMJ
6. (5174 BU3YifD CAPABILITY Of 4 5004- UMIT PLPC(PTPOM
TO RECOGNIZE MO/SK MIL/TAPILY If VII KS 1/HG
O&I(CTS
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SUMMARY ~ CUF#E#T C,4PAB/L/TY
i. DETECT/ON:
) ANNULAR F/[TER/NB WORKS WELL /Nkf6/OVSGFLO![/OB/ECTGL`A5/1l.~
cg
6)K-S OE1CT/V KG'S WELL /NkLrB/ONS OF r #/63V O&'ECT2WS/TP
AND /N LOlfi CONTRAST ~77ZWT/W1
Z. /50L4T/O4/4,vo STANDARD/T.,47/ON
6ENEML PUIeN2S'E LYJM~/lEQ /MPLEMfNlAT/ONX S7A',0/6WTFOR(f/gRO.
3. RECOOiV/T/O,V
EKPE,E'/4fE4/T~ Gv/IT/ NO/Sl' SYNTf/ES/ZED R4TTE0NS
ARE VERY SUcE~~Fo'L.
4 OEkELOPEO c4104&'z/Trflae4OIOP,POCE.U/N6,?E
PICTORIAL /NGY/T AiVO TP'T FACILITIES Rae eaOMr3k.
L/gRA,eYOFO~RAT7N6 COtM0UT' PR'8A?4A/S.
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A P143 PIQU/PING A DDITlON4L ll(SC4PCt/ (ff021
JTL/D/(J UTilIZING /5Mo7tJ4COMPUIfQ
1. Further investigate techniques for object detecdion
such as:
a. Improver enis in present/y-devised tech;4ues
h. Use of spec tram consistency tests
c. Using lying spot scanner, investigate detection
with expanded gray-scale
Z. Conduct additional recognition experinaen is usin y
actual material
3, /nvestigate techniques for improving recognition by
inclusion of ;
a. Objective properties
A Full ynay-scale images
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G L
A ADS FWA 5 P[ ~aa Q
ffFOPT
INVIST/G,4TIOMJ Of JYST(I'/ /MPL(M(NTA TION T(C/IN/QU(S
4. STUDY OP /MKLfMENTAT/ON TECHNIQUES FO/';
a. Processes which use the same process at every picture element
such as:
1. Annular filter
2. Low pass filter
3. Gap filler
b. Processes which require exploration and dynamic decision such as:
I lColmogorov-Smirnov technique
2. Simple consistency test
3. Isola ior
c. Processes involved in standardization
d. Pecogni tion Processes
I. Interconnection problems
2. property derivation
3. Weights
4. Traininq
e. System Integration
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PROGRAM A
CONTAINS ALL THE 11ff/IS D/SCUSSICD 21Z4 1/MG
TD JTUD/&1 UT/L IZING lift IBM- 704 COMPUTfR
CONTAINS iNVEST/GATION Of /MPLEM(NTA 1/ON
TECHNIQUE) P0/2
I. Proceves which use the same process al every poinf in
the picture
Z. Processes which require exploration and dynamic decision
PU/f PPE/1Y/NARY INVESTIGATION Of Ti`ll' OTHER 1111PUMNTATION
PRD,BLfMS.
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.
P/?0G24M B
CO/VIA/MS 1//If fOLLOWING:
1. /nvestigation of techniques for object detection
plus investigation, to a /invited exienf, of new techiques
2. Additional recognition experiments using aqua/maferia/
3. Investigation of techniques for improviny recoynition
by Inc/union of objective properties
4. /nvestigafion of techniques for implementing processes
which use the same process at every picture element
such as
a. Annular filter
6. Low-pass filter
c. Gap filler
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Figure I ORIGINAL PHOTOGRAPH
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Figure 2 EDITED VERSION OF FIGURE 1
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 1672
1
(a)
APERTURE SIZE
(b)
Appgoved3od ke 9ftMR5 gip4 PTWg7ffpNQ 2 gWO27-6
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Figure 4 OUTPUT OF GAP FILLER APPLIED TO FIGURE 3(a)
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41
Figure 5 OUTPUT OF ISOLATOR APPLIED TO FIGURE 4
16741
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A
t is
Figure 6 OUTPUT OF STANDARDI ZER APPLIED TO FIGURE 5
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Figured 7 ORIGINAL PHOTOGRAPH
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Figure 8 EDITED VERSION OF FIGURE 7
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APERTURE SIZE
(a)
APERTURE SIZE
(b)
Figure 9 ANNULAR FILTER OUTPUT FOR TWO APERTURE SIZES
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Figure 10(a) OUTPUT OF KOLMOGROV-SMIRNOV FILTER APPLIED TO FIGURE 8
1679
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7
Figure 10(b) OUTPUT OF KOLMOGROV-SMIRNOV FILTER APPLIED TO FIGURE 8
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lie
Figure 10(c) OUTPUT OF KOLMOGROV-SMI RNOV FILTER APPLIED TO FIGURE 8
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40
f
I
Figure I I, SAMPLE OF OBJECTS USED IN RECOGNITION EXPERIMENTS
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Table 2
CORRECT PATTERN
TOTAL
NUMBER CORRECTLY
NUMBER INCORRECTLY
%
CLASSIFICATION
NUMBER
CLASSIFIED
CLASSIFIED
RECOGNITION
TU 104
60
60
0
100.0
IL IB
60
60
0
100.0
LA 60
60
60
0
100.0
F 102
60
60
0
100.0
SHIPS
60
59
I
98.3
BLDGS.
90
86
4
95.5
TANKS
60
59
I
98.3
OBJECT TOTAL
450
444
6
98.7
OTHER
270
262
8
97.0
OBJECT DETECTION PROBABILITY = .987
FALSE ALARM PROBABILITY = .030
COMPLETE RECOGNITION RESULTS
RECOGNIZED AS
CORRECT
CLASSIFICATION I
O
-
00
-'
pp
tD
04
O
-
u.
H
_
C
VD
9
co
w
=
o
W
~
I;
U,
TU 104
60
IL 18
60
LA 60
60
F 102
60
SHIPS
69
BLDGS.
86
4
TANKS
59
1
OTHER
2
6
262
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ACTIVITY VECTOR MASK
STIMULUS AND
WEIGHTS AFFECTED J PI(N
-Au GE PER UNIT: E
GRRECTED SUM :
MU L U S AND
E'GHTS AFFECTED
"A" UNIT
NUMBER
P2(N = 7)
E (N = 3) E2(N = 7)
T
THRESHOLD :
SUM
TOTAL CHANGE
CHANGE PER UNIT:
GCrTED SUM
a P3(N = 4)
UI
E P4(N = 1)
E E3(N = 3) m E4(N = 2)
m 0
a ^
I I
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