R & D NEWS NOTES
Document Type:
Collection:
Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST):
CIA-RDP78B04770A001300030003-3
Release Decision:
RIPPUB
Original Classification:
S
Document Page Count:
4
Document Creation Date:
December 28, 2016
Document Release Date:
February 1, 2005
Sequence Number:
3
Case Number:
Publication Date:
January 1, 1969
Content Type:
NOTES
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CIA-RDP78B04770A001300030003-3.pdf | 558.1 KB |
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Declass Review by NGA.
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creating better communication between operational personnel and those
engaged in R&D. Questions, comments and suggestions are encouraged and
R & D NEWS NOTES
TECHNICAL SERVICES and SUPPORT GROUP, NPIC
Vol. 2, No. 1
January, 1969
The following items are of general interest to those concerned with
photo interpretation and related intelligence production. They are pub-
lished by the Technical Services and Support Group with the objective of
should be sent to Editor, R&D News Notes, Room 5S-453 (
Imagery Without Emulsion
A chemical action that removes the emulsion from the film base is one
of the techniques under consideration for disposing of old film. Security
considerations require knowing whether information can still be obtained
from film disposed in this manner. The Engineering Support Division
Exploratory Laboratory was recently tasked by COMIREX to determine if a
technically trained person could approximate the characteristics of the
acquisition system or obtain classified imagery by operating on latent in-
formation contained in stripped film base. Many physical, optical, micro-
scopic and chemical restorative techniques were investigated. Two methods
demonstrated the capability for restoring the latent imagery.
One method involved intense exposure of the entire pre-stripped film
to ultra-violet radiation. The purpose was to simulate in a single dose an
exposure that an Original Negative might "see" if it were copied several
times in a Niagara Printer. In some such cases, after the emulsion was
cleanly stripped, a residual image was found in the base. This image, cre-
ated by the W exposure, was in turn rendered visible in reflected DV light.
The other method, physical development, restored significant infor-
mation from incompletely stripped film base. In this instance the imagery
was recovered from base which was processed by a commercial stripping firm
and which was thought to be completely stripped of its emulsion and subbing
layers.
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As a result of these tests it was recommended that, in the future,
emulsion be stripped and that the residual base be shredded or burned
to minimize or eliminate potential security problems.
The project scientist isi
I
NRTSC Develops New Measuring Instrument
The Modified Rear Projection Comparator is a precise measuring
instrument that has been modified for use by the photo interpreter. A
variable intensity light table can be used for direct viewing of film or
a 12 inch diameter screen can provide projection viewing. Six magnifi-
cations from lOX to 10OX are possible. Mensuration is performed by
correlating the amount of travel of the projected image to the readings
of two micrometers. Measurements up to 50 mm can be made. The unit
weighs 300 pounds but is small enough to be table mounted. It operates
on standard 115 volt power. The Modified Rear Projection Comparator is
currently undergoing test and evaluation at the Naval Reconnaissance and
Technical Support Center. is the
point of contact at NRTSC. This article is
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P.I. Change Detector was evaluated at NPIC and was not
found suitable for operational use. Nevertheless, it yielded considerable
information on the problems of displaying images on CRT's and the reaction
of the photo interpreter to images so displayed. The equipment was origi-
nally intended to compare two photographic images of the same area. The
instrument has controls for side-by-side comparison, flicker detection on
a single screen and change detection techniques involving the subtraction
and enhancement of the two film images.
The P.I. Change Detector was recently transferred to the U.S. Army
Engineer Topographic Laboratories, Geographic Sciences Division, located
at Ft. Belvoir, Virginia. The instrument will be used in image correla-
tion studies being carried out by the Division. There is a possibility
that, in the future, it will be furnished to the contractor for further
utilization. The Chief of the Geographic Sciences Division is
While this instrument was never put into operational use it has
furnished information to NPIC and is continuing its useful life at its
new location.
New Home for P.I. Change Detector
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An Explanation of R&D
In response to questions concerning technical terminology used in
this publication, this .issue and future issues will contain brief descrip-
tions of some of the terms and phraseology used in modern technical writings.
The subject of this issue is an explanation of research and development
(usually abbreviated as R&D).
Research is the study of some field of knowledge in order to establish
facts or principles. Scientists may examine a physical science, such as
photographic chemistry or a behavioral science such as psychology. Re-
search may be divided into at least two distinct types. Basic research
(sometimes called pure research) is carried out without any consideration
of the applicability of the results. It is performed for the sake of gain-
ing knowledge concerning some heretofore unknown segment of science.
Applied research then takes over where basic research left off, and tries
to apply the knowledge to practical applications and to gain additional
knowledge in relation to these applications.
Development is the next logical step after applied research. After
research has proven an application to be possible, development attempts
to make it practical, both operationally and economically. Engineering
principles play an important role in the design of the first model. Opera-
tion of this model may reveal some design shortcomings which have to be
corrected in future models.
The R&D cycle is about an eight year period for complex systems such
as supersonic aircraft. Even the development of the first aircraft by the
Wright Brothers consumed an eight year span between the time of their wind
tunnel experiments through their first crude flight to the time of their
first contract for the construction of a "practical" airplane. Companies
often devote one or two decades in the research ;;:and development -Q? 'a new
product. Some of the equipment developed for NPIC, while not as complex
as an aircraft, is still relatively sophisticated in design, and it is
little wonder that several years are sometimes required for successful
completion of a project.
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