DIRECT IMAGE VIEWER, SPECIFICATION FOR

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: NGA Records (Formerly NIMA)
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP78B04747A001100010003-6
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 33
• Document Creation Date: December 28, 2016
• Document Release Date: April 11, 2001
• Sequence Number: 3
• Publication Date: August 25, 1964
• Content Type: REQ

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DIRECT IMAGE VIEWER,
SPECIFICATION FOR
25 August 1964
Declass Review by NIMA/DOD
Approved For Release 2001/0
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DIRECT IMAGE VIEWER, SPECIFICATION
for
1.0 SCOPE
0 I Pi I uN I L
S-7506
1.1 This specification describes the performance and
technical characteristics of an Experimental Direct Image
(High Resolution) Viewer. The Direct Image Viewer employs
a unique optical approach, involving diffraction gratings,
to provide an observer with an enlarged aerial image which
can be viewed simultaneously with both eyes.
1.2 Major features of this viewer include the elimina-
tion of performance limitations imposed by the use of rear
projection diffusion screens, and the achievement of high
magnification viewing qualities comparable to advanced micro-
scope viewing objectives.
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STATINTL
Nor
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2.0 APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS
2.1 The following drawings form a part of this speci-
fication:
Dwg. No. 7506L1 Layout Dual Magnification,
Direct Image Viewer
Dwg. No. 7506L2 Assembly, XY Translator,
Direct Image Viewer
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3.0 REQUIREMENTS
3.1 Design - The overall configuration of the Experi-
mental Direct Image Viewer specified herein shall be in
general conformance with Drawing No. 7506L$TkflNTL
The viewer shall employ materials of highest commercial
quality consistent with its intended performance and speci-
fied operating environments.
3.2 Performance Characteristics - The performance charac-
teristics of the Experimertal Direct Image Viewer shall consist
of the following general values:
3.2.1 Magnification - Dual individual magnifications
of 5X and 50X.
3.2.2 Observable Film Area - The observable film
area shall consist of a nominal two (2) inch
by two (2) inch square area in the film
plane at 5X magnification, and two-tenths
inch by two-tenths inch square area in the
film plane at 50X magnification.
3.2.3 Film Size - The viewer shall possess a capa-
bility for viewing single frames of either
70mm or 4 x 5 inch film chips.
3.2.4 Exit Pupil Size - The nominal size of the
composite exit pupil shall be 3.5 inches square.
3.2.5 System Resolution - At 5X magnification, the
Experimental Direct Image Viewer shall be
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capable of providing a system AWAR resolution
of 60 lines per millimeter over the used field
when referred to a high contrast target in the
object plane. At 50X magnification, the viewer
shall be capable of providing an on axis resolu-
tion of 200 lines per millimeter at the film plane
with a high contrast target while employing
commercially available lens. The resolution goal
of the system when operating at 50X shall be 200
lines per millimeter as viewed in the object
plane for a low contrast (1.6:1) target.
3.2.6 Light Intensity - The illumination system shall be
variable and will present to the eye, with an open
film gate, at least that amount of light flux as
presented to the eye by a lambertian source with
illuminance of 100 ft-lamberts.
3.2.7 Illumination Spectrum - The illumination of the
viewer system shall be contained in a narrow portion
of the spectrum centered around 508.6 millimicrons.
3.2.8 Film Positioning - The viewer shall incorporate
a provision for remote film positioning through
X and Y translations to permit full coverage view-
ing areas for either 70mm and 5-inch film chips.
3.2.9 Focusing - A manual fine focus control shall be
provided for each viewer lens magnification.
3.2.10 Film Temperature - The temperature of the film
when mounted in the film plane of the viewer
during operation shall not exceed ambient (750F)
by more than 200F at an average density (silver)
of 0.8.
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3.2.11 Viewer Controls - The Experimental Direct Image
Viewer shall contain a set of viewer controls,
front panel mounted, consisting of the following:
3.2.11.1 Power - ON/OFF
3.2.11.2 Intensity of Illumination
3.2.11.3 Magnification Selector, 5X and 50X
3.2.11.4 Lens Focus, 5X and 50X
3.2.11.5 Film Translation
+ one inch X
+ one inch Y
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3.2.12 Physical Size - (Reference Dwg. No. 7605L1).
The viewer shall consist of the following general
dimensions: Length - 66 inches, height - 26 inches
width - 29 inches.
3.3 Theory of Operation - In direct viewing optical instru-
ments, such as a microscope, the exit pupil is small, requiring
that the operator place his eye close to the eye piece for
satisfactory viewing. The present Experimental Direct Image
Viewer, with its larger optical elements and diffraction grating,
enlarges the exit pupil in a manner that the operator may view
with both eyes the image and still have adequate head movement.
In the absence of employing diffraction gratings in the present
viewer, a single small exit pupil would exist, which would restrict
the operator to the use of a single eye and no head movement when
viewing at high magnifications. Through the insertion of the
gratings in the optical path, and the use of a narrow portion of
the spectrum, many exit pupils are created, which when arranged
side by side and placed both above and below one another, form a
matrix of exit pupils in space providing an effective viewing
area of 3.5 inches square, where the operator may place his
eyes for viewing. This unique approach results from the use of
a special field lens, and specially designed and built set of
diffraction gratings. Near monochromatic light must be used in
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the viewer, or the diffraction characteristics of the gratings
will produce a rainbow of images between matrix units (exit
pupil images).
3.4 Technical Details
3.4.1 Viewing body, optical supports, and controls -
3.4.1.1 Chassis - The viewer frame will be con-
structed from aluminum jig plate, and
rigid mounts will be supplied for all
optical elements. The large field lens
will be of a split design, and flange
mounted to a one-inch thick plate. The
diffraction gratings will be mounted
between the field lens elements and
their one-inch separated flanges.
STATINTL
3.4.1.2 Film support and X-Y translation - The
film support system, as shown in
STATINTL Dwg. No. 7506L2, accommodates
both 70mm and 5-inch film chips. The
Noe film will be held by a vacuum to a flat
glass plate free of striations. The
glass platen will be mounted on a mechan-
ical mechanism which will provide
controlled X and Y movement of 2 inches
and translate the film 9 inches in X to
change magnification.
3.4.1.3 Objective Lens Mounting - The two lenses
will be flange mounted with the position
of the flange being manually adjustable
for fine focus.
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3.4.1.4 Auxiliary equipment -
(1) The light source power supply will
be packaged and included with the
viewer.
(2) A connection will be provided for
external vacuum.
3.4.1.5 Viewer Housing - The viewer housing and
enclosure will have a hinged section at
the rear for access to the mechanism and
for inserting film and lamp replacement.
The front panel 'will contain the controls
and provide the proper mask around the
field lens and gratings.
3.4.2 Viewer Optics
3.4.2.1 Field Lens - A symmetrical design multi-
element, 15-inch diameter, field lens
will be used. The lens will image the
exit pupil of the objective lens 20 inches
from its rear nodal point. The lens shall
be of a sufficiently high quality as not
to degrade the high resolution image
requirements of the viewer.
3.4.2.2 50X magnification components - A large
aperture photographic lens will be used
with a modified exit pupil producing a
square opening. The resolution of the
viewer is dependent upon this lens, and
the best commercially available lens with
an f number approaching unity will be usOd.
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A multi-element condensed system will
be used to concentrate the light to the
small 0.2 x 0.2 inch square film area
while filling the objective lens.
Field flatteners shall be employed to
provide field curvature for optimum field
lens operation.
3.4,2.3 5X Magnification Components - A commer-
cially available 8.5 inch focal length
lens will be modified to contain a square
exit pupil equal in size to the 50x lens
case.
The condenser system to be employed with
this lens will concentrate and illuminate
a 2 x 2 inch square area evenly.
Separate field flatteners will be used
for the same purpose employed with the
50X system.
Two additional small mirrors will be
inserted in the path, one before and
one after the lens to provide the dual
5X magnification. The mirror in front
of the lens is movable to permit insert
ing it or removing it from the optical
path. With film translation, the two
magnifications are obtained.
3.4.2.4 Light Source - Two lamps and reflectors
shall be employed, one for each lens.
In addition, special interference filters
will be employed to provide the narrow
spectrum required.
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3.4.3 Diffraction Grating - In order to obtain the
unique optical multiplication of exit pupils
required, special diffraction gratings are
required. Two gratings are employed to diffract
the light into a multiplicity of exit pupils
dispersed in two directions 900 apart, thus
providing a matrix of exit pupil images.
3.4.3.1 For the prescribed magnification levels
and the size of the multiple exit pupil
required, a minimum of thirteen (13) orders
of diffraction are required, a central
order and six (6) on each side. The
difficulty of the grating design is that
all orders should receive the same amount
of energy so that each exit pupil appears
of the same brightness to the observer.
3.4.3.2 The gratings shall be of a 10 x 10 inch
ruled surface, which influences the field
of view of the system and the observable
film size, Special ruling techniques are
required and will be usedto produce these
gratings.
3.4.3.3 The light is diffracted by one grating in
one direction,and then each diffracted
exit pupil is spread out in the other
direction by a second grating. The
cascaded diffraction gratings produce a
decrease in light intensity, which is
then enhanced by the use of a narrow
band light source. Compensation is pro-
vided in the condensers, high intensity
lamps and the small f/number projection
lens at the high magnification.
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3.4.3.4 The nominal angular deviation, of the
central ray in each exit pupil of the
various orders shall be:
First order
Second order
Third order
Fourth Order
Fifth order
Sixth order
48'
1o36'
225'
3?13'
4o
4?56'
The tolerance for each of the above
deviations shall be +10% of the above
angles.
3.4.3.5 Intensity variations throughout the nine
orders shall be no greater than 40%
between adjacent orders and no greater
then a 2:1 ratio between the lowest and
highest order in the nine central orders.
3.4.3.6 The transmission of the order which trans-
mits the minimum amount of light shall be
at least 3% of the light intensity falling
on an individual grating.
3.4.3.7 The glass quality to be used in the
manufacture of the diffraction gratings
shall be greater than striae free through
the faces.
3.4.3.8 A maximum of 10 arc minutes of slope error
shall be a permissible planeness (figure)
of the glass.
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4.0 QUALITY ASSURANCE PROVISIONS
4.1 The optical components will be inspected and tested
to demonstrate compliance to the performance requirements stated
in Section 3.2.
4.2 The diffraction gratings will be inspected and tested
to show compliance to the performance requirements stated in
Section 3.2
4.3 A set of complete viewer acceptance tests will be con-
ducted to demonstrate satisfactory operation of all the functions
and specifications stated in Section 3.0.
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5.0 PREPARATION FOR DELIVERY
This viewer will be packaged and prepared for shipment and
delivered in accordance with'accepted commercial practices.
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6.0 NOTES
None
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TO:
FRO
SUBJECT: GFE Loan
22 October 1965
DATE
I hereby acknowledge receipt of the following:
One (1) 11" x 11" Micro Flat Glass Plate Bearing 10i" x 10i" corssed
Phase Gratingp Experimental Plate #281.
ESTIMATED VALUE:
Plea s) of this receipt
BOX 8031 SIGNATURE OF RECIPIENT
To :MI1ROLVA-78B04747A001100010003-6
FORM NO. 752
I AUG 55
REPLACES FORM 36.66
WHICH MAY BE USED.
DATE RECEIVED
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