PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY OF SAN DIEGO COUNTY

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: NGA Records (Formerly NIMA)
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP78B04747A001000020019-6
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 20
• Document Creation Date: December 28, 2016
• Document Release Date: June 15, 2001
• Sequence Number: 19
• Content Type: SUMMARY

rti t,c)(0 icrs r trj Q_: .-1-411/43-p16:60
?Ety.919.E.E2A-... j..4figioed For
I. Coastal Terraces
BSk
II. Foothill and Valleys Csa
III. Mountain and Valleys Cab
IV. Desert
BSk
BWh
4411111111
1163322 : CIA-RD W020019-61,3. re Zones
Coastal Scrub
:Gallery Forest
Chaparral
Oak-Parkland (Grasp)
Coastal Scrub
Gallery Forest
Yellow Pine Forest
Chaparral
Oak Parkland
Juniper-Pinyon
Low Desert Scrub
Upper Sonoran
Upper Sena:can
Transition
Lower Sonaran
I. Coastal terraces (300 - 1200 feet elevation)
A. ToRography: This zone is characterized by broad, flat topped marine terraces
which north of the City of San Diego rise abruptly up to 300 feet in elevation
within one mile of the Pacific Ocean. (Fig 1, Zone A) These terraces are
dissected at right angles by intermittent stream channels, which extend from
the mountains westward to the ocean. The water laf.d, wave cut terraces, locally
known as "mesas", are most extensively developed bJtween elevations of 300 to
500 feet. There are three marine terraces north of the San Diego Piver:
a) Poway terrace, 900 - 1,200 feet above sea level b) Linda Vista terrace,
300 - 500 feet; c) La Jolla terrace, 25 - 200 feet.
B. Climate: Using Miramar Naval Air Station as a representative climatological
station of the coastal terraces, it can be seen that this zone lies within
the Koeppen Classification o BSk - Middle Latitud4-, Steppe Climate,
U.S, Naval Air Station, Miramar - Elevation 477 feet.
I Jan. 1 Feb. Lyar. Atrl_liml June Puly 1 Aug._1 Sept. 1 Oct. 1 Nov. 1 DecplAnnuaJ
t__,57421 _55-1 -51717-61 617-7-68-17-69 I eao 67+ 6"5 I 5 5 I 63.
1.02 I .05 1 .09 159 11,02 11,69 19,67
Temp. = ?F
Length of Record 1944 - 1962 inclusive
Better than 70% (8.15 inches) of the total annual precipitation (9.67) is con-
centrated in the winter half of the year. This sem.-arid precipitation regime
leaves the native vegetation wanting moisture during the summer half of the year.
Because of the, physiological make up of the native species, small, stiff, thick,
and leathery leaves, which are designed to prevent rapid losses of water, the
native species are able to exist during the dry half of the year.
DECLASS REVIEW by NIMA/DOD
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C. agetation: (Coastal Sage ScralIN
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1. Index species which grow in the drier portions of this transition zone
(BSk) climatically speaking are:
a. California Sagebrush - Artemisia Calif. - Sunflower Family
b.
White Sage
- Salvia apiana
- Mint Family
c.
Black Sage
-Salviaraellifera
-Mint Family
d.
Laurel Sumac
-.Rhus laurina
- Sumac Family
e.
Lemonade Berry
Rhus integrifolia- Sumac Family
Random plant species at necessarily dominant or nat
moisture, elevation,
lye, (site, soil,
a.
b.
Wild Buckwheat
Chamise
Erigonum fasciculatum - Buckwheat Family
Adonostoma fasciculatuP - Rose Family
C.
Toyon
Photinia arbutifolia
- Rose Family
d.
Chaparral Broom
Baccharis pilularis
- Sunflower Family
C.
Scrub Oak
Quercus dumosa
- Oak Family
f.
Mule Fat
Baccharis viminea
- Sunflower Family
go
Red Berry
-.Rhamnus orocea
- Buckthorn Family
h.
Tree Tobacco
Nicotiana glauca
- Nightshade Family-
1.
Willow
Salix app
j.
Western Sycamore
Plateaus racemosa
???I
k.
Cottonwood
Populus fremontii
1.
Elderberry
Sambucus glauca
Honeysuckle Family
m.
Cockle bur
Xanthiune canadeuse
Sunflower Family
n.
Dill-Sweet Anise
Anethum gravaolous
Parsley Family
o.
Common Yellow Mustard
Brassica campestris
Mustard Family
Wild Radish
Raphanus sativus
Mustard Family
II. Foothills and Valleys (1200 - 2500 t feet)
A. Topography: East of the coastal zone lie the Foothills and Valleys zone, which
extends from the coastal terraces to the highland or Tountain area further east,
(Fig. 1, zone B). This belt averages 20 miles in width, attaining its greatest
width in the northern part of the county. It is distinguished by many granitic
hills and a few isolated higher peaks, which trend either parallel to the general
trend of the mountain range to the east, or more often in a east-west direction.
Between these hills and peaks there are numerous small and irregular stream cut
valleys and basins, tending in all directions and located at various elevations
of which El Cajon, Ramona (Santa Maria), Escondido Valleys are typical examples.
B. Climate: Climatological data for Ramona is used for designating the type of
climate- which prevails in the Foothill and Valleys Zone.
Ramona California - Elevation 1401 feet.
I Jan. I'Feb.. I Mar. LAEZEk_jne [July LA.hgx_L_L,Se-.1 Oct. Nomt_i_Eac. asenaal
...L.2.82.L1t,64_104 .04 L02,2?....L.21.2L.422_j_256 "
Length of Record 1950 1961 inclusive
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According to the Ko pen Climate Classification the
lies within the Csa classification - Mediterraneun
winter precipitation regime is evident from the cli,
than 70%, (11.53 inches) of the annual total occurs
summer season is in receipt of only 2.47 inches, pl
is referred to as a pronounced dry season. The Bro
(Chaparral) is not a common type. Seldom areetrees
the same time adapted to regions with long, het, per
the Chaparral., protective devices against rapid tr
to retain their foliage, and consequently their eve
the period of drought. In most instances woody par
foliage. Park landscape indicates slightly more mo
cases better soil conditions.
C. Vegetation: (Chaparral, Oak and Parkland)
Most of the species represent subhumid land types d possess various xerophytic
structures, such as small or reduced leaves, thickened epidermis, hard and very
dense wood, vertically placed leaves, small flowers and seeds adapted to xerophytic
conditions.
01000020019-6
Foothills and Valleys Zone
ot Summers.. A typical
tological data. Better
during this period. The
cing it well within what
dleaf Evergreen Scrub Forest,
broadleaf evergreen and at
ods of summer .droughte. In
spiration permit the trees
green characteristics, during
s are more prominent than
et conditions, or in some
1.
.04;pall..ii Near Mt. Woodson
(Chaparral) (pry slopes and ridges)
?Ceanothus
Manzanita
Mountain Mahogany
Sugar Bush
Chamise
Toyon
Holly Leaf Cherry
Scrub Oak
Yerba Santa
? spp. macrocarpus, spinosus?
- Arctostaphylos spp,
Cercocarpus betuloidea
Rhus ovals
- Adenosloma faseiculatum
? Rhotinia arbutifolia
- Prunus ilicifolia
Quercus dumosa, orter spp..
Eriodictyon crassifolium
2. Index Species; (Oak, Parkland, Grass)
Existence of gentler slopes, better soils or level land appears to favor the
live oak and grass over chaparral.
a. 'Live Oak - Quercus spp.
b. Perennial grasses
III. aoppgatg_ana V.a1),pyp (27)0 - I /1000 feet elevation
A. lopesemtLv The Mountains and Highland Basins or Valleys belong to what is known
as the'Peninsular Range. These mountains trend in a northwest - southeast direction
or nearly parallel to the Pacific Coast and to the Gulf of California farther south.
This zone rises rapidly from the', eastern edge of the foothill zone particularly in
the northern half of the county, (Fig. I, zone C). Elevations in this zone de-
crease from north to south, with elevations of 6000 feet or more being common for
most of the principle peaks of which Palomar, (6,138 feet); Hot springs mountain,
(6,533); Volcan Mountain, (5,750 feet)i_Cuyamaca Mountain, (6,515 feet); and
Laguna Mountain, (5,906 feet); are most important. Besides these peaks there
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are several basins and stream valleys which are enclosed by mountain walls on
one or more sides. They vary in size, form, elevation, and position, yet they
show a tendency to flank the most elevated-highlands, and to align into a north-
west - southwest series: Warners, Dodge, Santa Ysabel are typical examples.
B. Climate: Julian-Wynola will be used as a representative climatological station
for the Mountain and Valleys Zone.
Julian-Wynola, California - Elevation 3650
Jan. I Feb. I Mar. LIE12.11.__M I June 1 July LAtm s t. Oct. 1 Nov. I Deol./112.42.1:0;_
T L LLJ 45 I 46 L22_1_5___ 61 1....?y 68
E.15.1?a_111=57-1 2.53 11.24
Length of Record 1950 - 1961 inclusive
_471...j 50 46
.21.121,.92-010_1_2L25_
The above climatological data places this portion of the Mountain and Valleys Zone
in a Mediterranean Cool Summers Climate (Cab). This zone experiences the same
winter precipitation regime as previously mentioned in the last zone. However,.
larger amounts are recorded during this winter period than in the Foothill and
Valley Zone. The larger amounts of precipitation coupled with lower winter and
summer temperatures, due basically to decreased evaporation and increased elevation,
permits the growth of a coniferous forest type of vegetation. Because of reasons
mentioned below this zone is not completely covered with coniferous trees.
C. 2/.201;ation: (Yellow Pine Forest, Chaparral, Oak Parkland - Grass)
Yellow Pine Forest occupies the higher mountains of this zone. North facing slopes,
in favorable locations,.permits this type of forest to grow to lower elevations.
In drier locations (example, south facing slopes) forest frequently gives way to
chaparral..
_Kentwood In The Pines
kas.1222i2a: (Yellow Pine Forest)
a.
b.
d.
e.
f.
Western Yellow Pine
Jeffery Pine
Incense Cedar
Deciduous Black Oak
Coulter Pine (Big Cone)
Big Cone Spruce
Pinus ponderosa
Pinus ponderosa variety jeffrayi
Libocedrus decurrens
quercus kelloggii
P. Coulteri
P. Macrocarpa
2. I1122.1_?.222122: (Chaparral, Oak-Parkland)
Lower, more open parts of forest. In some places forest being replaced by
chaparral where logging has occurred or because edaphic, site, etc. reasons.
\
Ceanothus app. .(prostrate)
Manzanita spp.
Live Oak
Coffee Berry
Ribbon Wood
Chamise
Cottonwood
Willow
Quercus spp.
Rhamnus calif.
Adenostoma sparsifolium
Adenostoma fasciculatum
Populus fremontii
Salix spp.
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IV. Desert (t 2500 - t 1500 feet elevation)
A. Tekssahy_p_.,..: A few miles to the vast of the summit
the mountain belt breaks off suddenly with an abnu
feet to the western edge of the Salton Sink plain,
desert plain is characterized by its gentle slope
by mountain spurs and structural valleys and canyo
Vallecito Mountains, Santa Rosa Mountains, Banner
which extend onto the plain from the mountain zone
B. Climate:
Because of the lack of climatological stations in t
on this trip, Borrego Springs will be used as a rep
Desert Zone,
01000020019-6
5
of the Peninsula Range,
t scarp of 1500 to 2000
(Fig. 1, Zone D). This
oward the Salton Sea, and
s such as Oriflamme Mountain,
anyon and San Felipe Valley,
immediate area covered
esentative station for the
Borrego Springs, California - El vation
!Jan.
Feb. Lialr.
1_11Ent_j_11.eal_
June I Jul.LJ Aug.
epIlj Oct. I Nov, i Dec. !Annual.
T I 62_
7 1....11,_1_96
al
.
7-271_ ---8-2_1 82_1_72
1 61_1 514 1 20
LI.T.7.2I-
.28-1 02
_1111 j32
' ISILI 013 .24 L.....Igi_l__
_
:g7Lgii .43 LL_
Length of Record 1948 - 1961 Inclusive
The climatological data for Borrego Springs places the Desert Zone in a BWh
climatic realm. (Low Latitude Dry Climate or Low Latitude Desert)
From the data it can be aeon that to the east of the Peninsula Range aridity
becomes the key word in expressing the climate, The Desert Zone is an excellent
example of.a region where evaporation is much in excess of precipitation. Even
though Borrego Springs is at a lower elevation than the region visited on this
trip it is safe to say that the area visited is well within the limits which
separate the BW from the BS climate,
To place this zone in a BS climate, with its winter concentration of precipitation,
the annual precipitation would have to be more than 8.40 inches.
Because of the aridity, the vegetation occuring in this zone can be described as
sparse. Widely spaced bushes, or in places, fleshy water storing Plants such as
cacti. Most common is the perennial xerophytic shrub. At higher elevations,
forests. (Pinyon - Juniper).
The perennial shrubs grow far apart, with much bare soil showing between. This
wide spacing is a response to low rainfall. Growth is very slow, Some species
of plants are equipped with special forms of roots, stems, leaves to withstand
drought. Some are deciduous, others evergreen in character.
\.
Another Claps of desert plants, depend entirely upon the erratic rainfall, ger-
minating with a: rain, ripening seeds when moisture is gone, and dying. These
annuals are not xerophytic. Adaption to this environment is aecompliehed by
very rapid development and short duration of life.
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C. Vegetation: (Juniper - Pinyon, Low Desert Scrub)
Because of the low humidity, low rainfall, drying winds, and excessive
annual: and diurnal temperatures the vegetation exhibits a parked develop- ?
Pent of structures to inhibit transpiration, or devices for the conservation
of water. This iid:.acpottapashed by the following means: a) Plants with
condensed bodies (Agave), b) Plants with reduced leaf surface, c) Plants
with fleshy leaVes, d) Plants with resinous, woolly, or scurfy covering
the WhOle body.
441"41,Magr411111111W
I? Index Species (Juniper - Pinyon)
a. Juniper spp.
b.. Parry Pinyon - Pinies cembrol.des variety parryana
c. Honey Mesquite - Prosopis juliafloia
2. .Low Desert Scrub
Catclaw - Acacia greggii
b. Ocotello Fououieria splendeus
c. Creosote Bush - Larrea divaricata
a, Smoke tree - Dales_ spinosa
e. Cactus - opuntea spp.
f. Sheep Fat - Atriplex confertifolia
g Common Sagebrush - Artemisia tridentata
h. Agave - Agave spp.
i. Yucca - Yucca mohavensis
+
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Physiography of San Diego Coun
The Elevated Erosional Surface
The ancient erosion surfaces now standing at el
are those portions of The Peninsular Ranges that form
of southwestern San Diego County. (See figure I). T
northeast by the Elsinore fault system and on the west
borderland. Within this region there are no known act
activity nor any Cenozoic faults or folds of very larg
there has been very little igneous activity or post-ba
stable block. (Note cross-section.)
CoaStai
l'erraces
WStd
k 111A,
ICYTACCS
Low)
Valley
01000020019-6
7
vations up to 6,000 feet,
he relatively stable terrain
s surface is bounded on the
by the unstable continental
've faults, nor hot springs
displacement. Apparently
holithic deformation of this
Old erosion
Siv.A40
ENE
This stable block, which occupies approximately the southwestern 3/5n of
San Diego County can be divided into three subregions: The Coastal Plains, The
High Terraces, and The Old Erosion Surface,
1. The Coastal Plain consists of a series of to
about 550 feet, extending 15 miles inland at
. ing to about a mile at San Onofre, just sout
The San Diego, County coastline has two promo
(Mt. Soledad) and narrow southern one, (Pt.
Diego (see Block Diagram) are terraces.cut b
a thin veneer of rather coarse marine depoei
face appears to be an almost featureless pla
deep stream out gorges. (Actually these are
the surface of this mesa, such as long, low
beach ridges) or due to differences in weath
parts of the mesa.) Prairie mounds are also
Mesa. These are small hillocks 3 feat or mo
diameter of 10 - 20 feet.' These mounds may
sand accumulations around, as well as the ir
tween bushes or other clumps of vegetation.
2. The IligLI2Emces are located immediately ea
terraces are comnoeed of Cenozoic strata whi
above the elevations of the coastal plain.
many places, high terrace surfaces can be so
1100 feet. (Examples occur at: around 800
of San Diego State; between 700 - 800 feet ab
El Cajon Valley and notching adjacent Cowles
small terrace remnant can be seen at about 10
house Canyon on the road between Lakeside an
races between sea level and
the Mexican border and narrow-
of the Orange County line.
tories, a broad northern one
oma). The "m-,sas" of San
wave action and covered with
s. The San Diego Mesa sur-
a broken intermittently by
many gentle undulations on
idges which may have been
ring and erosion in different
found on the Linda Vista
e high and having a basal
epresent the locations of
egular removal of sand be-
of.the coastal plain. The
h rises several hundred feet
lthough highly dissected in
a up to elevations of about
cot immediately northeast
ve the western edge of
oak, (S Mountain). A
feet above Slaughter-
Ramona.
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3. The OldErosion Snrface is cut in the crystalline rocks located to the
east or the High Terraces and stand well above modern stream valleys and
canyon gorges. It rises, from an elevation of above 1400 foot in the
west, at about 100 feet per mile, eastward to anzelevation of 6,000 feet
near Laguna. Prior to the lowering of this surface it was one of a
moderately rolling terrain which by differential erosion has left be-
hind many small peaks and considerable monad rocks, (El Cajon Mt.,
Viejas and Cuyamaoa Peaks) above the general elevation.
Low and High Valleys have been cut down into this old surface.
a. Low Valleya and gorges with floors between 350 and 600 feet developed
on the old surface of the stable block and concurrently out onto the
coastal terraces. Examples are Dehesa, El Cajon, San Diego River,
Poway, San Poi:Anal, and San Marcos Valleys. The Otay, Sweetwater,
San Diego, Penasquitbs, San Dieguito, San Luis Rey, and Santa Mar-
garita Rivers each penetrate deeply into the old erosion surface
prior to eroding into the coastal plain.
b. High Valloya such as Jamul at 1,000 foot; Fairview, 1/00 - 1300 feet;
Galloway, 1250 feet; Barona, 1300 - 1350 feet; San Vincent?, 1350
feet; and Ramona, 1400 - 1500 feet, begin to appear immediately east
a)f and just above the High Terraces. Most of these valleys are local
erosional base levels, although some, (i.e., Galloway Valley, a
remnant of the old San Diego River Valley) have been pirated by head-
ward erosion from the lower elevation drainage system. The elevation
of these older cycle valleys increases eastward in proportion to their
distance inland: Potrero, 2300; Viejas, 2400; Santa Yeabel, 3000 feet;
Descanso, 3300 feet; and Pine Valley, 3500 feet.
In some areas this old surface portion of the stable block is only repre-
sented by peaks and ridges above the high valleys, but in other portions,
(i.e., the Davis Plateau) it extends for miles in every direction.
The Elsinore fault zone marks the northeast edge of the stable block.
Conjugate faults related to the Elsinore zone extend into the otherwise
stable block (several of these are suggested on Fig. 1). The Palomar
Mts., Volcan Mt., the Laguna Mts., and various other units are fault
blocks.
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PYRGHT
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01000020019-6
EXPLANATION
Oat 1 Quaternary marine and non-marine
terrace deposits and volley fill.
45 Marine Son Diego Pliocene. Generally
overlain by Sweitzer conglomerate.
Marine Eocene including Poway
conglomerate, Rose Canyon shale,
Torrey and Delmar sands.
Marine Chico formation. Cretaceous.
Pre-Cretaceous metamorphic and
igneous ,? rocks.
thin veneer of Sweitzer formation
overlies the Eocene and Pliocene rocks on
the higher terraces.
Point
Lo Jolla
LA JOLLA
le od
Mtn
MILES
L.G. Hertlein and U.S, Grant, rz
1953
So,,
Oat Old
w
North
Islon
nor= 1. Geologic map of a part of the Oceanside?San Diego coastal
area, southern California.
CA Cn Cn
50coVIthrbrA"?ta. P3
CD c-J ?
rT:: glliKOVe4 gOrRefiFACY1200P48/13 ' tiA-FIBP1143%4AtA/0
0 . lUnial.20A56-100 lz CD P3
CD Pp c-h ez ? co CD Al
0 cr, 4-40? CD ,c1 'PT 5 in ? CD P3
= r.
ca? 13
""4:3 41... ? g' N
1CPYRG HT
GEOLOGY OF THE NATURAL PROVINCEApproved For Release 2001/08/11k1CIN-IRDF78B
Gabb, Pitar uvasanus
: tehachapi Anderson &
,)ndii Gabb, Pseudoliva
M. A. Hanna. This as-
to that of the upper
o the north. Some ver-
-n the Poway conglom-
; e.
Oligocene sediments
; indeed, no sediments
Eocene and Pliocene.
123) have recorded the
, are ? erlayered with
orona slands group,
tionai oundary. These
ddle Miocene age. The
-2d to the San Onofre
, this chapter).
mtified by Dall in 1874
Canyon, Balboa Park,
Diego formation, which
hiefly of yellowish and
nounts of conglomerate.
xular discordance upon
Poway conglomerate or
at Pacific Beach, where
31eistocene sand, and is
in the San Diego Mesa.
outh slope of Soledad
l
Or
ical ? tebrate fossil
n. ear upper Pliocene
'told, Dendraster ashleyi
Merriamaster pacificus
rtlein, Ostrea vespertina
7,yropecten) cerrosensis
, Pecten (Swiftopecten)
' Dall, Pecten .(Plagi-
la Stearns, and Opalia
f the same species occur
I at Cedros Island and
ests water warmer than
ion, and probably more
dros Island, Baja Cali-
QUATERNARY 1
cc
ALLUVIUMF.TTJ'C,300'
..?,
0,-,
Beach deposits, valley fill and "
terrace deposits, gravel, sand and silt.
1.s.,
z
us
0
o
t7J
ci..
BAY POINT
FORMATION
1-30' Marine fossiliferous terrace deposits
ond non-morine volley fill, gravel, sand,
ond silt.
.
,..s...

?
01
5-30' Conglomerate and conglomeratic sand-
stone, gene oily brown or reddish brown.
TERTIARY ,
DERE PLIOCENE
SWEITZER
FORMATION
1250 Soft yellowish and gray sands, some-
times micaceous or manly, often fossiliferous,
with minor amounts of conglomerate.
SAN DI EGO
FORM A TION
POWAY
CONGLOMERATE
.
-'-'t--:
.8777/9..
....
-----
0.,?.,;.?m
cr.
. ea.
.
875' Massive conglomerates with sand or
clay matrix with occasional coarse or fine
brown sand, or gray sandy, rarely fossilife-
mos shale.
0
?
ROSE CANYON
SHALE
b
300' Blue to gray sandy shale with thin
limey fossiliferous beds.
TORREY SAND
25-200' White to light browci'massive
sandstone.
DELMAR SAND
200' Coarse and fine-grained sandstones
grading into arenaceous shales with occo-
-sionol carbonaceous beds. Fossiliferous.
I
i
0
1 MESOZOIC
0
0
w
0
vx
s-
us
cc
0
MARINE
UPPER CRETACEOUS
AT
LA JOLLA, PT. LOMA
AND IN
VARIOUS WELLS
'1
1000-2000 Hard well-stratified sond-
stones sometimes concretionary and gray
or block shales. Fossiliferous.
.1 Pt,
1
I
NON-MARINE
CRETACEOUS
PENETRATED IN
WELLS PROBABLY
EOUIVALENT TO THE
TRABUCO FORM.
OF THE
SANTA ANA MTS.
t0..
w-
,
?
250 -1000' Hard reddish sandstones and
conglomerates. .
ITRIASSIC OR JURASSIC I
BLACK
MOUNTAIN
VOLCAN1CS
''''' i4 -
2000' Basalt flows, agglomerates, altered
shale and sandstone cut by later dikes and
intruded by acidic plutonic rock.
iiiiute
.. s.
sov.
.
O'
Z
.0;4
.0 0
+ + .1,
+
+ .
FIGURE 5. Columnar section of the rocks in southwestern San Diego
County, as developed mainly from surface outcrops. Only the uppermost
part of the Cretaceous section is exposed; the remainder has been
encountered in various wells.
4747A006M49?19-6
OCEANSIDE-SAN DIEGO C
On the Sixth Avenue grade near Mercy Hospital, on tilt
side of Mission Valley, the Pliocene beds lie upon the Eoc
Canyon shale (fig. 2). Casts of Trophosycon have been found
Pliocene beds at this place. Here the beds dip south about
dip, however, varies greatly from place to place, and only ,
distance to the south the dip decreases and the beds are
horizontal.
The Pliocene rocks are mostly light brown, buff, or bluid
fine-grained sandstone, but local lenses of pebbles are preo
conglomerate that is more than 100 feet thick is exposed
Tijuana. This and some other conglomerates apparently vog
posited by rivers that drained the high mountainous areas
east. Marly beds occur here and there on top of San Diego
chiefly near its eastern limits. Some cross-bedding, several l
conglomerate, and the absence of shale all suggest shallo
deposition, possibly from low tide to a depth of 50 fatho
mineral grains are much fresher and less weathered than
the Eocene rocks, possibly indicating a less warm and less
climate.
Thin beds of bentonite occur on the sides of the mesa in 0
Las Chollas Valleys, and in a shaft sunk near the Natural
Museum in Balboa Park, San Diego. These represent the o
dence of volcanic activity in this area during the Pliocene
but volcanic rocks of probable Pliocene age are widely dist
in areas only a few miles sauth of the Mexican boundary.
Samples of sediments dredged from the sea floor off San
are lithologically similar to the San Diego formation and
overlying Sweitzer beds. These have been described by Emery
(1952, p. 525). Possibly a Pliocene wedge of shallow-water sed
extends for some distance west of the present shoreline.
Sweitzer Formation. The San Diego formation is unconfo
overlain by a stratum of reddish-brown conglomerate and
sandstone about 20 feet in maximum thickness. This is kno
the Sweitzer formation. It can be seen capping most of the
south of Mission Valley, and a similar formation on the mesa
of Mission Valley may be a correlative. At places it continue
blanket over the edges of the Otay terrace (mesa top) to low
races. No fossils have been found in these beds, which may
late Pliocene or early Pleistocene age. The general mineral c
is similar to that of the San Diego formation, and indicates th
Irate of erosion in the source area was rapid in comparison to th
of weathering of the mineral particles.
Pleistocene Deposits. Marine fossiliferous Pleistocene
occur as terrace material at many localities along the coast, a
Approved For Release 2001/08/13 : CIA-RDP78B04747A001000020019-6
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MARINE PLIOCENE OF SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA
PLATE 18
FIG. 1. Aerial view southward of mesa lands along the United States-Mexico International Boundary from the Pacific Ocean easterly about 31/2 miles.
Part of flood plain of Tia Juana River shown in foreground; partly dissected mesa of Pliocene rocks in middle and background. Matadero Canyon shown
in center. Pecten healeyi was obtained from a well located in this canyon, indicated by the letter A. A second Pliocene fossil locality farther west is
indicated by the letter B. Note the apparent alignment of a small eastern tributary of Matadero Canyon with a larger tributary of the next canyon to
the west. This is suggestive of a fault which, if present, would pass just north of International Boundary Monument No. 257.
(Composite of oblique airphotographs by Erickson, 1930. The International Boundary is located south of the fossil localities designated by A and B).
ait,. ? * cis' *., ,,,, ' it?. ? v?? ???? ;T...., , ;,,
'''''''''77'----- -.;,-- - ? .1,*
MW\ '
i. ?,.... * : '."..%ti'''.::.1 1 ..7? ,.. .,. ,
?? ,,,,,, .v ?
,\ .,,,,, ___-
. .
-- 1,,---,
. r* .0., .
-. ? v? .t. r ; 4 ..... ... r r
14 1
l' at
,,:..:,,_. I,: ie ., '''' " I e :,? 41.,
?
I",
'-"---. ,. ?
,--
?
S'..g
il; 4.-^
"\\ \:'.\\:: ;0'
\ \ ?;.. \ 1,,, .-----'17----.4-.?'". ''' .
IA. ;V..? 1. .,, -? 1:;,..7.:.? , - - -.?,-_
;??????'`-? ? 1.? I
- ?4,......... v.., --:
'. ?? 1 .... .0 '.. i?-.31" i . ? . 1" ? !:t': ;:', ? ." a ?
? ?
. '4?.1 1'0
...?
----- , ,",,.
. .... .
_.d1110
\ \
' IN
???:"..---..,
.... , ,, - ? '_. ?
\ lk '''' ? ----=.- ?,
...?,____,,..-___?":_____.,: - .,t'L ___
% .111 4. rmi4 Or 7, E' likill ? 41
Itttly, .? ,
?
...,.., t..!... .4,,,,; ...,?: .?.???
,., .... , . .... - ..
-'-,ss't--.1,-,"?i,..!
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..........-,
.cli:fr'', ...,., "'at. . >k fr?
e ,...."-
7 T./ a. `,' -, ?
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......

4t1 '....
'?%

.
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..k ., ..,, . .., .
i?
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se
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- --V1-,;..-....-:.. . '- -v -? d,:' ? v t :7.4\ ? ..,.. ..... 4
"--....." -- L-,* t:,,:r.., . 1,,,:e ??v, , :4/ %.'? v ' ? r \ -P.
\ ...., .., -i Vt. ??.,. , 4. , "
,.. , ..., ? \. ,
..,
...?...., ,....?. 4 ... ,
.. - ,...., .,
. ------- . ... .. ?
i ?? \\Z". \ iA. 14. 4
,??? , v L.\ ?
. , .! ..1, . ,
1: / ' 7I.. ,, -0 . ?
?... .-t-7,-,- ....? 't s4,,
*
" .... .... ''',-ilk
* ':: "" ? ""` ir ..,... ?''
-.
__.?...,.,
I.
_.....- .
.
Flo. 2. Contour map of a portion of the area along the United States-Mexico International Boundary showing the location of the two fossil localities
indicated by the letters A and B in the accompanying air view. Map reproduced from: "Boundary between the United States and Mexico, as surveyed
and marked by the International Boundary Commission, under the convention of July 29, 1882, revised February 18th, 1889." Folio Atlas of maps and
profiles, 211/2 by 283/4 inches. (Fifty-fifth Congress, 2nd Session. Senate Doc. No. 247. Atlas). Published 1898. The map reproduced is the western portion
of Map No. 1. Contour interval 20 metres; daturii is mean sea level.
(Pacific Ocean shown at left. The aerial view above is in reversed position because the camera was pointed southward).
_LHOIAdO
9-6 1.00Z0000 1.00V
lease 2001/08/13 : CIA RDP78130171110
CPYRGHT
-+-
7-8). Passen-
al, even in
ade items in
oing cotton
Valley, and
and lum-
^ local con-
rather than
an Los An-
^ world" by
lands) was
tion growth
irectly with
ntinued be-
San Diego
31A, a South-
ss the Pen-
Valley. Its
ight-of-way
d construc-
rizo Gorge,
San Diego
s over 4000
? across the
eas to the
feasibility
ward have
appellation
curate, al-
ar II the
nearly ex-
Navy first
San Diego
enter until
aval base
e bay and
ama Canal
dence that
n. As one
Kearney
'tent city,"
Overhead
1 Air Sta-
Fig. 7-6. NORTHWESTERN SAN DIEGO.
This view includes Mission Beach and La
Jolla (left edge), Mission Bay (foreground),
and Pacific Beach. (Historical Collection,
Title Insurance and Trust Company, Union
Title Office, San Diego)
Fig. 7-8. THE PORT OF S? DIEGO. View
toward the northwest. e Port of San
Diego)
Fig. 7-7. S-' DIEGO. North Island (left)
and Coronado in the foreground, then the
Bay. Downtown district and Balboa Park,
middle right. Lindbergh Field is in the center
with Old Thwn to the right. View to the north-
east. (Official U.S. Navy photograph)
Fig. 7-9. LA JOLLA. The vertiginous coast
and the wave-pounded shore have given this
suburb a superlative setting. Residences rise
against a sfope of marine terrace known as
Mt. Soledad (right). A new university campus
will be developed on the terrace in middle
rear. (San Diego Convention and Tourist Bu-
reau)
Approved For R
'an Aeronautical Co., Kearney Mesa facility (4)
A large portion of the research and devel-
opment work going on in the 'area is carried
out at the U.S. Navy Electronic Lab. Of the
1300 civilians employed, 400 have scientific
and engineering degrees, of which 42 are doc-
torates. Programs being conducted at NEL are
concerned with the development of under-
Niger detection systems; the development of
spstial-purpose radar, sonar and communica-
ticts equipment; oceanographic studies; the
eviPtuation of shipboard electronic equipment,
an a number of other related projects.
;1. all, the San Diego area is the home
elettronic firms ranging from the el
dipsions of-large corporations to s
ndring and development companies
mmufactured in the area include
meters, precision measuring instru
pa- t television cameras and trans
tees, information transmitting sys
systems, amplifiers, oscilloscopes a
viety of other, electronic compone
iripit and systems.
sai DIEGO AS A PLACE TO LIVE
axtending 70 miles along the Pacific
Ail inland 80 miles, San Diego county has
aa of 4258 square miles and a population o
aeroximately 1,167,700. Terrain ranges from
?wan beaches to The Palomar, Cuyamaca an
18guna mountains with peaks up to 6500 ft.
It, addition_ to the city of San Diego, the met-
Rpolitan area includes 12 incorporated cities,
atmerous towns and unincorporated residen-
e areas. New home and apartment building
las kept pace with the increasing population
sitd a wide variety of housing is available
throughout the metropolitan area. Most of
the homes being constructed are ranch-style,
,i-t-11111
'4111
r
roma
nfigac.7.
?ftr,
4 tr.k
t .
gEr;:.==i1"
giSE?g7P;
?
1
onic
engi-
?ducts
ital volt-
ts, com-
ting sys-
s, radar
a wide
equip-
SMALL HOMES (5) with three bedrooms and 1-112
baths are available from $13,000 up. Carports are
common in this price range and are adequate because
of the mild climate.
FOUR-BEDROOM, (6) two-bath homes
are priced
?? e7f1111.
4.
?
R&D programs for space and defense.
SYLVANIA ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS IS A LONG-TIME
LEADER IN THE SEARCH FOR NEW DISCOVERIES
ALONG THE ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM
1963 saw Sylvania ranked 19 among 500 DOD con-
tractors engaged in experimental, developmental, test
and research work. Examples of sophisticated programs
now under way range from the development and production
of the electronics for the Princeton University phase of NASA's
largest unmanned scientific satel-
lite, the Orbiting Astronomical Ob-
servatory, to a study of verification
methods required to prohibit -the
placing of mass destruction weap-
ons in orbit on a contract from the
U. S. Arms Control and Disarma-
ment Agency.
WHAT DISTINGUISHES SES FROM
OTHER ORGANIZATIONS IN THE
ELECTRONICS FIELD?
Its thorough-going big-systernesuri-
entation. Inevitable when you re-
call that SES is a focal point for
systems management of large gov-
ernment contracts for the entire
General Telephone & Electronics
complex.
The technical scope of SES pro--
grams. Among them are: Deep
Space Communications ? Electronic ?
Defense Systems ? Arms Control Techniques (evaluation de-
sign criteria) ? Radar/Sensor Detection, Tracking & Warning
Systems ? Information Handling Systems (all aspects) ? Guid-
ance & Navigation Systems (missiles, aircraft, spacecraft)
? Soft-Landing Techniques (other planets) ? Nuclear
Weapons Effects Studies ? Also included: Equipment &
Component Development and/or Fabrication; World.
Wide Engineering Support.
The Way SES Staff Members Keep On Top of
the State-Of-The-Art. Through working on
small, interdisciplinary teams ... through
plentiful cross-communication within each
research and engineering laboratory and
between all 19 labs. .through Division-
wide-conferences. ..and also in-plant
seminars and post-graduate study
plans, conducted on an unusual-
ly generous scale.
(7) Uptiml
-CENTRA
ries in Wit.
R&D Ass'
tidy Sys
Systems
Systems
(14) Syst
(16) UH
EASTER
0
Suburb
--ness in
ppoiIl
ons
*ROM!
- West R
E
&32) Oy
PVESTE
3AffaacbiT
-1jR&D A
m^ essing
mAntenn
'''State 7
0
j., P a r a m e
^ An
401,)::11:ti
Vehicle
ment S
0
0
"THE READINPS
CLIMAXING ALL THIS, A QUESTION REGARDING
TECHNOLOGICAL OBSOLESCENCE: Should an engineer
working in the SES environment worry about "techno-
logical obsolescence"? We think not. Certainly not if he
takes advantage of SES self-development policies. The
road here leads to continuing progress and discovery.
SYLVANIA ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS
Government Systems Management
for GENERAL TELEPHONE &ELECTRONICS
0-
0
?% Maria(
c.C( Sylva
Divisi
40 Sy
0 PI
an
ye
-o
0
NAME
SIRE
'CITY
BS I
MARINE PLIOCENE OF SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA
PLATE 17
Aerial view southeastward from a position over Pacific Beach, showing the delta of the San Diego River between Mission Bay in the foreground
and San Diego Bay in the background. The broad rounded promontory in the foreground is Bay Point (Crown Point). The low hilly land in the right
middle ground is the northeastern part of Point Loma. A portion of the City of San Diego is shown at the left. The mountains forming the skyline
Tkv IPlIntr, 1(197 1-1v H A Erickson)
_LHOIAdO
Approved For Release 2001/08/13 : CIA-RDP78604747A001000020019-6
GR035 SECTION SAN DIEGO COUNTY
Co4s6 te rfaCeS
5000 'BSA,
7b 0 t and 93.4.kezis
4o00 A +. Woorkoa lavrixov3i,
_Y1
Moiatains anc Valleys ,icki
a CA.
A A
besert
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lentl..11.??????....?01101.61.2001111.1.1.3,11???????ISM?11?SOOD.
COASTAL (SAGE SCRUB CHAPARRAL OM PARKLANO SAVACINA eV/ALLEY GRASSLAND
e GALLERY FOREST 0 YELLOW PINE FORF_ST JUNIPER -PINYON() LOW DESERT SCRUB
?o_ 1/00/1.) L,Skur /OM / 4 / H001 UU0''4
2..0 gaLOC1.11- I:Vat. Al AU TICAL CHART
HORIZONTAL SCA LE arac,pa ase
VERTICAL EXAYERATION /04X? .BASE 04)9 ,b/r60
CPYRGHT
Approved For Release 2001/08/13 : CIA-RDP78604747A001000020019-6
CAJON VALLEY
PHYSIOGRAPHIC BLOCK DIAGRAM OF THE SAN DIEGO AND LA JOLLA QUADRANGLES AND SOME OF THE MOUNTAINOUS REGION TO THE EAST
Approved For Release 2001/08/13 : CIA-RDP78604747A001000020019-6
25X1D
Approved For Release 2001/08/13 : CIA-RDP78604747A001000020019-6
Approved For Release 2001/08/13 : CIA-RDP78604747A001000020019-6