SELECTED NORTH VIETNAMESE ECONOMIC AND MILITARY ACTIVITY 31 MARCH THROUGH 30 JUNE 1968

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: NGA Records (Formerly NIMA)
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP78B04560A006400010014-3
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 28
• Document Creation Date: December 28, 2016
• Document Release Date: April 6, 2000
• Sequence Number: 14
• Publication Date: July 1, 1968
• Content Type: REPORT

Approveg rip I ease De ~0 R14?1740 INISMAIR?Doo64000 oo 4-3
NO FOREIGN DISSEM
PHOTOGRAPHIC INTERPRETATION REPORT
SELECTED
NORTH VIETNAMESE
ECONOMIC AND MILITARY
ACTIVITY
31 MARCH THROUGH
30 JUNE 1968
Approved For RQ
NAREIGN DIPSWA06/30 : CIA-RDP78B0
NPIC/R-84/68
JULY 1968
GROUP 1 EXCLUDED FROM
AUTOMATIC DOWNGRADING
AND DECLASSIFICATION
ILLEGIB
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WARNING
This document contains information affecting
the national defense of the United States,
within the meaning of Title 18, sections
793 and 794, of the U.S. Code, as amended.
Its transmission or revelation of its contents
to or receipt by an unauthorized person is
prohibited by law.
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RECORD ICOPY NO.
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DATE RECEIVED LOCATION
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JULY 1968
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25X1D
25X1D
F Approved For Release 2000/06/iteet-RDP78B04560A006400000*
NO FOREIGN DMSEN1
SUMMARY
This report provides selected examples of photographic evidence of
North Vietnamese reactinns to the U.S. bombing restrictions commencing
31 March 1968. It is emphasized that during the period covered by this
report that significant limitations of imagery-derived information have
been imposed by the sparsity of coverage acquired above 19? North latitude.
However, those examples selected are considered to be significant as well
as representative in their efforts relative to transportation, shipping,
air defenses, logistics, and major power plant restoration.
Aerial photography has revealed that the North Vietnamese are making
an increased as well as open effort to improve their military and indus-
trial posture. Major reconstruction is under way, if not complete, on
the Paul Doumer Rail/Highway Bridge. Fifteen new rail by-passes have been
developed in the immediate vicinity of Hanoi and increased rail transship-
ing is observed in the Thanh Hoa Area.
The level of shipborne imports has been on a steady rise since
with the most marked increases occuring since
In addition to the SOVBLOC/Free World shipping increase, the return of
several North Vietnamese-owned vessels to Haiphong which were believed to
have sought sanctuary during the bombing period, are also identified. The
re-appearance of maritime infiltration vessels to the Haiphong area is
also a recent development.
A significant increase in both the SA-2 (SAM) site deployment and air
order of battle has been observed since the bombing pause. A number of
North Vietnamese aircraft have returned to the country from sanctuaries
and significant activity is noted in the Vinh area and at Bai Thuong
Airfield just south of the 20th parallel. Since the limited bombing order,
16 new SAM sites have been observed in the unprotected area south of the
19th parallel which significantly increases the North Vietnamese defensive
missile deployment capability.
The FA/AAA repair facility at Hanoi Army Barracks NE Gia Thuong was
observed on photogranhy showing a concentration of 100mm AAA guns.
An increased effort is under way to repair the bomb-damaged power plants in
North Vietnam as typified by activity at the Haiphong Thermal Electric
Power Plant West.
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25X1D
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NPIc/R-84/68
NO FOREIGN DISSEM
KEY TO MAP
1. Reconstruction Activity, Paul Doumer Rail/Highway Bridge
2. New Rail By-Pass, Hanoi Area
3. Increased Shipping, Haiphong Port
4. Return of North Vietnamese Ships to North Vietnam
5. Maritime Infiltration Activity, Haiphong Marine Hospital
6. Increased Air Activity, North Vietnam
7. Increased SA-2 (SAM) Activity South of the 19th Parallel
8. Concentration of 100mm AAA Guns, Hanoi
9. Increased Logistics Activity, Thanh Hoa
10. Haiphong Thermal Electric Power Plant West
2
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25X1D
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1. RECONSTRUCTION ON THE PAUL DOUMER RAIL/
HIGHWAY BRIDGE
11111
100144,16
This combination road and rail bridge over the Red River is located
just northeast of Hanoi on Route 1A, the main rail and road route linking
Hanoi with the Port of Haiphong, Thai Nguyen, and China.
The 5,53-Coot bridge was first struck on 11 August 1967. Reconstruc-
tion began almost immediately, probably permitting limited through traffic
later. By the bridge was restored to complete
serviceability. The bridge was struck again on 25 October 1967 and?
25X1D 25X1D
later it was again serviceable. Airstrikes on 14 and 18 December
1967 left the bridge severely damaged. Reconstruction was not attempted
until after the limited bombing order of 31 March 1968. Photography of
revealed major reconstruction underway. Three spans and four
piers had been rebuilt, and a construction barge and crane were adjacent
to the bridge (Figure 1). Photography of although of poor
interpretability, revealed the remaining spans in place and the bridge is
now estimated to be possibly serviceable.
25X1D
25X1D 25X1D
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RECONSTRUCTED SPAN
[-RECONSTRUCTED SPANS!
RECONSTRUCTED PIERS
FIGURE 7. PAUL DOUMER RAIL/HIGHWAY BRIDGE.
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w3ssia NORHOd ON
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2. NEW RAIL BY-PASSES
HANOI AREA
25X1D
Photography of revealed 15 new rail by-passes
either under construction or recently constructed in the immediate
vicinity of Hanoi. These rail by-passes circumvent rail yards, tunnels
or rail bridges and add substantial assurance of continuous service-
ability of the rail lines should the bombing of North Vietnam above the
19th parallel be resumed. Figure 2 depicts a representative example of
by-pass techniques utilized relative to significant choke points.
25X1D
FIGURE 2. RAIL BY-PASS UNDER CONSTRUCTION AT 21-31N 706-05E AROUND A TUNNEL.
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SHEETS NF-4811 & NF-4815 ??;
2ND EDITION 1967
SCALE 1:250,000
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SECRET
NO FOREIGN DMSEI%
3. INCREASED SHIPPING ACTIVITY
HAIPHONG PORT
NPIc/R-84/68
25X1D
Photography of reveals the presence of 31 merchant
ships in the Haiphong port area. This is the highest number of merchant
ships in the Haiphong area in one day. Twenty ships are in the channel
(two of which are transferring cargo onto barges) and eleven are in the
port. The ships include 17 free world (all are chartered to the Chicom/
NVN merchant fleet), 5 Soviet, 4 Polish, 1 Bulgarian, 1 Chinese Communist,
and 3 North Vietnamese vessels.
25X1D Shipping activity at Haiphong has been increasing at a steady rate
since with the most significant changes being noted since
the bombing restriction of 31 March 1968. The month of has 25X1D
shown the largest increase in shipping to date, with 58 ship arrivals
and an average turnaround time of 17 days. This can be compared with the
month preceding the bombing restriction when 44 ships arrived and had
an average turnaround time of 28 days.
Repaired rail and highway bridges leading out of Haiphong, extensive
dredging activity, and cargo unloading unhindered by the threat of air
strikes have allowed the North Vietnamese to significantly increase their
cargo handling capability in the port. Consequently, they have been able
to handle a greatly increased number of ships and at the same time
decrease the time required in port. There is no major backlog on the
docks or any significant overflowing in the open storage areas (Figure 3).
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HANOI-HAI PHONG
RAIL LINE
PORT AREA
ALTERNATE HIGHWAY
CROSSINGS
ALTERNATE HIGHWAY
CROSSINGS
ALTERNATE RAIL,
CROSSINGS!
25X1 D
FIGURE 3. HAIPHONG PORT COMPLEX.
NPIC m-4248
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4. RETURN OF NORTH VIETNAMESE SHIPS
TO HAIPHONG
25X1A 25X1D
25X1D
Several North Vietnamese ships were observed in Haiphong Port on
25X1D
photography for the first time since (Figure 4).
The ships observed are the suction dredge che bucket 25X1A
25X1A dredge 1954/57, a salvage lifting ship (ARSD), probably the and
the dry crgo freighter,
25X1A The dredge was last observed in Haiphong in She
subsequently was identified from photography in the Canton Shipyard
25X1A Tunglang, China. The is a metal-hull vessel capable of dredging
1,000 cubic yards per rill. speed of three to six knots to a channel
depth of 20 feet.
25X1D25X1D
The bucket dredge presumably went to China in and 25X1D
returned to Haiphong in It dredges to a depth of I. feet
at a rate of 450 cubic yards per hour.
25X1D
What is probably the had not been observed in North Vietnam
25X1A since when she was imaged on photography in the islands south
of Hon Gay. She is equipped with a bow-mounted 75-ton crane.
25X1A 25X1D
The is one of nine North Vietnamese-owned freighters (one
25X1A has been sunk), none of which had been observed in North Vietnam from
until the was identified inE=M11 Since
25X1D then three more North Vietnamese freighters have been observed in Haiphong
Port.
This increase of North Vietnamese ships in Haiphong is probably a
result of the bombing cessation. Prior to the bombing halt the North
Vietnamese concealed them either in territorial waters or in a foreign
port.
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25X1A
25X1A
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SALVAGE LIFTING
FIGURE 4. NORTH VIETNAMESE SHIPS IN HAIPHONG PORT.
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25X1D
25X1D
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5. MARITIME INFILTRATION ACTIVITY,
HAIPHONG MARINE HOSPITAL
Recent low level reconnaissance has provided the first photographic
evidence of infiltration vessels at a probable infiltration support area
in Haiphong. On photography of two armed infiltration-
type trawlers ) were identified at the Haiphong marine
hospital (Figure 5). The were identical to vessels that have been
destroyed or captured by forces while attempting to infiltrate
material into South Vietnam.
One of the smaller trawlers captured intact on was
powered by a 225-horsepower diesel engine and was capable of an estimated
speed of 12 knots. A trawler of the larger infiltration type, sunk in
shallow water off the coast of South Vietnam on I March 1968, was
probably powered by four German-made V-12 diesel engines capable of speeds
of 17 to 20 knots. Both vessels had a cargo capacity of 100 tons.
Although maritime infiltration activity had been previously reported
in Haiphong, only a few trawlers (not confirmed to be associated with
infiltration activity) were observed b717-JeTTIIII and the bombing halt.
This suggests a departure of the infiltration-type trawlers from Haiphong
in search of sanctuary from reconnaissance and air strikes. With the
bombing halt, the infiltrators have apparently returned.
25X1A
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PROBABLE
INFILTRATION SUPPORT AREA
FIGURE 5. INFILTRATION ACTIVITY, HAIPHONG MARINE HOSPITAL.
25X1D
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6. INCREASED AIR ACTIVITY
There has been a significant increase in the level of activity at
airfields in North Vietnam since the bombing cessation of 31 March 1968.
25X1D Photography of revealed extensive activity at Rai Thuong
Airfield in an apparent attempt to render the main runway serviceable.
Prior to this the only serviceable part of the airfield was a natural
surface strip adjacent to the main runway. Most of the craters in the
6,600- by 140-foot runway had been filled in and a probable motorized
roller was operating on the ESE end of the runway. Subsequent photography
-has revealed two probable Fishbed .ind two probable Fagot/Fresco at the
airfield. This is the first time jet aircraft have been observed at this
airfield and marks an effort by the North Vietnamese to extend their jet
-fighter area of operations into the southern PanhanCle area. This pro-
vides them with a staging and recovery base as a deterrent to U.S. air
strikes below the 19th parallel as well as a sanctuary from U.S. retalia-
tory strike forces (Figure 6).
25X1D
25X1D
25X1D
25X1D
25X1D
A significant increase in the level of activity at Phuc Yen Airfield
.was observed on low-level drone photography of An
increase in the air order of battle in North Vietnam was first noted
with the redeployment of an EL-28 (Beagle and the first identification
of a UMIG-2J Viongol Prainer)at Phuc len. In addition there has been an
'increase in uhe number of MIG-21 (Fishbed) Fighters in North Vietnam,
probably being redeployed from China. Sixteen Fishbed and possible
Fishbed were observed on the largest Fishbed count since
III photography of Phuc Yen revealed the first sighting of
AN-2 (Colt) shipping crates being transported by flatbed trailers and
unloaded by crane in front of the airfield hangar.
Other activity has been noted at Yen Bai, Kep, and Vinh Airfields.
Construction activity at Yen Pal_ has been completed and the runway is
serviceable, although no aircraft have been observed to date. The most
recent change was noted at Kep Airfield on photography. A second
runway is under construction and will be approximately 6,100 by 150
feet and oriented NNW/SSE upon completion. Heavy equipment and concrete
batching huts are observed in the area.
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Subsequent to the bombing halt the North Vietnamese continued their
efforts to rehabilitate and use Vinh Airfield, probably because of its
suitability as a staging or recovery base for air operations over southern
North Vietnam and the DMZ. However, since Vinh is below the 19th parallel
it was not immune to U.S. airstrikes and was rendered unserviceable. The
North Vietnamese have now apparently abandoned all efforts to use Vinh.
BAI THUONG
5.0 NM
SERVICEABLE TAXIWAY
RUNWAY
SERVICEABLE STRIP
?-?`16600 X 140' (APPROX)
RECENTLY CLEARED AREA
MOTORIZED ROLLER
NPIC ni-4251
FIGURE 6. BA! THUONG AIRFIELD.
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25X1D
Approved For Release 2000/06/30: CIA-RDP78B04560A0064C1Q941M483
SECRET
NO FOREIGN DMSEIA
7. INCREASED SAM ACTIVITY SOUTH OF
19th PARALLEL
North Vietnam's defensive missile deployment capabilities have
increased in the only area where airstrikes are still taking place.
Since the limited bombing order, sixteen new SAM sites have been photo-
graphed south of the 19th parallel. Five were occupied when first
observed. Prior to?}ie bombing restriction there were 15 active sites
identified between and IMMEMEMI, of which the highest
number observed occupied on photography at any one time was three.
Photography of the Hanoi/Haiphong area dated revealed 24
occupied sites (the highest count of occupied SAM sites on one mission),
indicating that equipment for the sites below the 19th parallel probably
was not being drawn from the capital complex defenses.
25X1D
25X1D
-16-
25X1D
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Approved For Release 2000/063BCREIA-RDP78604560A006416CT6i16-08i4
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102
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Approved For Release 2000/fIgi3VC
FORMAIN78604560A006400010014-3
Approved For Release 2000/06/36ERNRDP78B04560A0064011013001414368.
NO FOREIGN DMSEIN
8. CONCENTRATION OF
100MM AAA GUNS 25X1A
Recent photography reveals a relatively heavy concentration of 100mm
antiaircraft artillery assembled for probable maintenance/repair at the
Hanoi Barracks Area Northeast Gia Thuong
25X1D
Low-level drone photography of reveals at least twenty-
four of the Soviet-designed KS-19 guns dispersed throughout the barracks
area. It is estimated that the North Vietnamese have approximately 100-
150 of these weapons in their AAA inventory. Repair activity is suggested
by the numerous "A-Frame" hoists, disassembled carriages of different type
25X1B weapons, and gun tubes of varying calibers located in the area. The AAA
weapons are parked with tubes in a travel position and are not operation-
ally deployed.
25X1B
There is no photographic evidence to suggest that these weapons have
been newly introduced into North Vietnam, therefore, it is possible that
the North Vietnamese are taking advantage of the bombing restriction to
provide the necessary ordnance service for the weapons prior to their
redeployment. Further, there is no evidence that the North Vietnamese
have weakened their AAA defenses during the bombing pause to facilitate
maintenance/repair activity. However, the coveraqe provides the
first identification of 100mm AAA pieces identified at this installation.
25X1D
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Approved For Release 2000/06/3%EgitftTRDP78B04560A0064009W141T68
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PROBABLE 100 MM'
AAA CARRIAGE
WEAPONS PARTS
25X1D
FIGURE 7. 700MM AAA CONCENTRATION, HANOI BARRACKS AREA NE GIA THUONG.
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25X1D
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NO FOREIGN DISSEIN
9. INCREASED LOGISTICS ACTIVITY,
THANH HOA
Since an increase in logistics activity in the city of
Thanh Hoa has been evident on photography. The transshipment of supplies
at Thanh Hoa has become increasingly important because of its location
on the major rail and road routes south of Hanoi and its close proximity
to the bombing sanctuary, just 48 NM north of the 19th parallel.
Despite continued strikes on the rail line north of Thanh Hoa prior
to 31 March 1968, conventional supply trains were able to reach Thanh
Hoa with prompt rail repairs. However, subsequently the number of trains
arriving at Thanh Hoa substantially increased. Supplies are transfered
at Thanh Hoa from conventional rail cars to smaller two-axle rail cars
pulled by trucks. Conventional traffic cannot be supported on the Thanh
Hoa to Vinh rail segment. Most of the supplies reaching Thanh Hoa are
probably transierred o cargo and fuel tank trucks for continued southward
movement. Comparative photography of
provides examples of this increased transshipment activity.
25X1D
19
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NPIC M-4254
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Approved For Release 2000/0g390;za14-BaFm78B04560A006400010014-3
25X1D
25X1A
25X1D
25X1D
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NO FOREIGN DISSEM
25X1D
Photography of shows the Thanh Hoa Railroad Station Yard
to be heavily damaged and the rail lines interdicted.
Thirteen small, two-axle rail cars are in the yard, but no other activity
is observed (Figure 8). Photography of the same area in shows
a significant change. The rail lines have been repaired and a convention-
al supply train and several two-axle railcars are in the yard. The trans-
loading area has been improved and increased amounts of offloaded
materials are in evidence (Figure 9). A total of 385 pieces of rolling
stock are in the area.
FIGURE 8. THANH /-10A RAILROAD STATION YARD.
OFFLOADED MATERIAL
SMALL 2-AXLE
RAIL CARS
IMPROVED TRANSLOADING AREA
Arp/6 M-4256
FIGURE 9. THANH HOA RAILROAD STATION YARD.
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25X1D
25X1D
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10. HAIPHONG THERMAL ELECTRIC POWER PLANT WEST
This power plant, built by the French, is the third largest in the
Tonkin delta region and is capable of supplying power to the industries
and urban areas of Haiphong and Hanoi.
Recent photography reveals the power plant to be
for the first time since it was struck on 20 May 1967.
plant operation. Limited activity was observed prior
Photography of revealed the plant to have
however, its current estimated production capacity is
its original design capacity.
in limited operation
This strike halted
to 31 March 1968.
resumed operation,
less than 25% of
Photography of reveals smoke emanating from the single
remaining stack atop the east boiler house. Coal is being unloaded at
the coal wharves and transported by tractor-drawn trailers to an area
where it is being hand-loaded onto a conveyor apparently feeding coal
directly into the boiler. Minor repairs have been made to some struc-
tures, however, most of the plant remains heavily damaged.
A protective blast wall is under construction around the generator/
transformer building, indicating a concern by the North Vietnamese over
the possible resumption of U.S. bombing. Construction on the wall began
subsequent to the bombing halt and is similar to six others that have
been built around major power-generating facilities in North Vietnam
(Figure 10).
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W3SSIO NOI3SO4 ON
25X1D
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FIGURE 10. HAIPHONG THERMAL ELECTRIC POWER PLANT WEST.
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