NATIONAL INTERDEPARTMENTAL SEMINAR ON PROBLEMS OF DEVELOPMENT AND INTERNAL DEFENSE REPORT

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP78-06096A000400060001-1
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 14
• Document Creation Date: November 16, 2016
• Document Release Date: May 22, 2000
• Sequence Number: 1
• Publication Date: May 3, 1965
• Content Type: REPORT

? Approved For R~'ase ~Q~~/~~;1~78-O~J6A
NATIONAL INTERDBPAbtTMEtiTAL BEMINAR
on
Problems of Development and Ynternal Defense
Bvaluation by Participants of
Session XVIII (Aprfl 5 - 30, 1965)
8u~-ary ~''.
Details 3
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Narrative Excerpts
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From this, the largest session (92 participants) of the Seminar yet held,
has emerged the most positive set of evaluations to date. The following is
based upon the 83 completed questionnaires received by COB, Friday, April 30,
the final day of the session. (Since riot all respondents replied to all
parts of all questions, totals do not always add up to 83.)
~ There were no negative responses to the question "Ifs $re--or were
to be Chief of Mission in one of the developing Gauntries, would you
prefer that the members of your country team articipate in this_8em-
inar before assuming their duties at your embassq?" Seventy-seven
r p ied in the affirmative and one with a ?'yes-and-no" answer. Five
felt the question was "not applicable" in their cases.
~d Nine out of ten respondents (73 "yes"--9 "no") felt that the right amount
of time, proportionately, was devoted to each of the three malor themes
of the 3emiaar.
em There was, additionally, unusual unanimity of opinion among those
whn replied in the .negative, with 5 opting for more on "Threat"
and 4 for more on "Response", with none suggesting less in either
case.
wo Two recommended more on '7?evelopment Process" and one, less.
S lda~?more than five per cent saw any of the four basin aspects of the Sem-
inar~as ,sot having adequately-been covered by foru-a2 presentation, dis-
cussions, and country tease sessions. Parenthetical numbers in the
following represent affirmative-to-negative responses:
wv Growing interdepartmental nature of U.S. foreign policy problems
and programs {51-0);
ee Development and coordination of policy and program implementation
(78-4);
oa Concept and operation of the Country Team (7$-4);
ce Washington orgaaizati~n for overseas internal-defense (78-3).
? The role of AID was viewed as inadequately presented by eight respondents.
The presentation of DOD'e role was ctiticised by six (but four of these
were concerned with specific aspects). State received four critical
votes and. USIA three {as well as one viewing the USIA role ag having
been over-emphasized).
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5t Ninet -foux ex cent considered the Count Team Exercise "ver useful"
or "useful",~ Three respondents considered it "not useful", and one "a
waste of tiQa:t?. 'For the first time since the Seminar's inception, more
respondents selected the "very useful" description tt-an any of the other
three.
~ With only 2, 3, and 4 negative responses, respectively, the level, scope,
and availability of reaaing_material were vi_e_wed as satisfactory.
mo Thirteen specifically decried lack of time to do essential reading,
0o Five others recommended that the basic reading material be sent
to particigaate as far as possible in advance of their attendance
at the Seminar.
~ The field trip to Eglin and Bragg was viewed se "time well spent" by
65 respondents, with__11 negative reactions. Three participants dfd not
make the trip. Four placed themselves in the "Bragg, yea; Eglin, no"
category.
? Against a 5 through 1 scale, three case studies received average ratings
between 3 (adequate) and 4 (superior}. One case study (The Congo} was
rated at 4.5 (between superior and outstanding}.
so Panels were decidedly not popular with the participants.
~ Fifteen sAeakers were cited ag "outstanding" by ten per cent (eight
respondents} or more of the respondent8, and one was cited as "unsatis-
factory" by ten per cent or more.
TieTQ: DBTAI $
uestion; If you are--or were to be--Chief of Mission in one of the developing
countries, would you prefer that the members of your country team
participate in thfa Seminar before assuming their duties at your embassy2 (If
"no", please state reason(s) briefly.)
YSS......?'7
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i?ueatione Do you feel that the right amount of time,- pxoportionately, was
devoted to each of the major themes of the Seminar (Developraernt
Process, Threat, II.S. Response)? (If TMno", please indicate theme(s) to
which you beliPVe more (or less) time should be devoted.)
YES.,....73
NO...... 9
jk ~Ir
p'ive recommended more on Threat and four, mare on Response, with none suggest-
ing less in either case. Two respondents wanted wore on the Development
Process, while one urged less. There were nine individual recommendations,
such as one calling for more on economic development sad less on youth, one
suggesting .more on "stability operations", and another recommending mare on
communist objectives and techniques.
uestion: Bearing in mind the purpose and objectivee of the Seminar as apecf~
fled in basic documents and directives which you have read and
discussed, is it your opinion that the following were adequately covered by
formal presentation, discussions, and Country Team sessions? {Where reply
.has beers 11no", please indicate briefly where you think improvement fa needed.)
YES
NO
a. The growing interdepartmental nature of U.S. foreign policy
and programs ...............................................
$1
0
b. The development and coordination of policy and program
implementation .............................................
7$
4
c. The concept and operation of the Country Team ..............
7$
4
d. The Washington organization for overseas internal defense...
7$
3
~e
~e
No consensus emerged among those who replied in the negative as to where
they thought improvement was needed.
eation: If it was your impression that the role of any agency (agencies)
or service{s) was either inadequately presented or, conversely,
overemphasized, please identify same under appropriate heading, below.
inadequately
Presented
Over-
emphasized
AID...,........
8
0
non.............
~
l~
sTArs.,........
4-
o
USIA...........
3
i#
~I, .............
d
0
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~ Of these, four specified certain areas, such as MAP and the
attache system. One respondent felt that U.S. Army MAAGs and
Advisors, U.S. Army Support Qroup Vietnam ~Beliborne and Com~
tined Operations), and U.S. Air Force Advisors and Liaison
Officers and teams were inadequately presented, while Special
forces and Air Commando Operations ware overemphasized.
~ Civic action specified
~ Stated "one too many lecture periods."
f~uestioa; In terms of your own participation and contribution, as well as
what qou gained from the experience, how would you rate the Country
Team Exercise? (Bearing is mind the purpose and objectives of the Seminar as
specified is basic documents and directives which you have read and discussed,
what modifications--if any--do you think should be made in approach, co;uposi-
tion of teams, selection of problems, or other aspects of the Country Team
Exercise7)
VEBY DSBFUL
2
3
3
USEFUL
5
2
6
Z
5
5
3
3
3 3
37
1~OT USEFUL
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
1
O 0
3
WASTE OF TIMB
1
0.
0
1
0
0
0
0
0 0
2
As usual, mast complaints about the Country Team Problem centered around the
need to produce a paper and work on problems concerning countries not those
to which individuals ate assigned. One respondent made perhaps the beat sum-
mation of Che latter, to date; ~ "Obviously, it would have been more useful. if
the team problem concerned the country to which X am being assigned. I have
no solution." At least two respondents mentioned the desirability of working.
on specific problems within countries, rathar thaw broad, aver-all problems.
As one put it: "The specific problem, which Team had, is very good. I
think it more useful to concentrate oa certain aspects of a country than to
try and develop a country plan as a whole."
I~IM1'~8D DEFIC W. IISg
II III IV V VII VIII I1C R TOTALS
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estion: Begirding the course reading material, would-you rate each of the
following aspects as satisfactory (S) or unsatisfactory {Q)?
{Please note any suggestions you may have with regard to course reading
material.)
S tT
i,EpB;..... 78 2
SCOPB.... 75 3
AgAZI.ABILiR'Y.... 75 4
sr
~*
Thirteen respondents said there was not enough time available to do required
reading. Another five grobably felt the same way, reco~maending as they did
that the unclassified reading notebook be seat to participants as far as
possible in advance of .their arrival at the Seminar. There were several in-
dividual suggestions, as well as words of coa~aeadation for the Library staff.
uestion: Did you consider the field trip to Eglin and Bragg as
spent?
tIf "no", please state reason(s) briefly.)
Y&5......65
NO......11
~'Bra$g ~ yeis
Sglia, no" 3
Did not go 4
~r
~ ~r
As usual, some respondents remarked upon what they saw as duplication of effort
in the two places. ?wo commented adversely upon the expense involved in the
trip. One suggested Chat the Seminar alternate visits to Fglin aid Bragg.
Several of those who replied "yes'?, on the other head, reinforced their replies
with adverbs such as "definitely:"
estion: All things considered--e.g., content, presentation, relevance
to theme of Seminar to be illustrated--what numerical rating would
you give to each of the four case studies ($CALEL 5-outstanding; 4-sugerior;
3-adequate; 2-iasdequate; 1-unsatisfactory, should be dropped). (Comment, if
any.)
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5 4 3
1
i raver e
PHILIPpINBB
13
3b
25
5
3
3.6
VEttEZOBLA
b
23
38
12
6
3. i
yrlyrTg~/T}~uAND
12
36
27
8.
3
3.5
CQt~GO
57
20
2
l
3
4.5
~~
There was a strong reaction against panels on the part of several respondents,
uestioao In retrospect, are there any lectures and/or lecturers (including
those who addressed afternoon Country Team sessions) you would
care to cite as particularly unsatisfactory or as outstanding?
Fifteen speakers were cited as outstanding by at least ten per cent (8 or
more respondents). one was cited as unsatisfactory by more than 8 re-
spondents; two more came close, however, with 7 negatives.
particularly gratifying is the fact that, of the speakers considered out-
. standing twos-addressing the Seminar for the first time--handled key
lectures which have posed problems in the past; one concerned with re-
sponse in connection With organized labor ~ and the other, with STATINTL
STATINTL problems relating to the }youth sector -
STATINTL
STATINTL
There were the usual diametrically opposed judgments. ~ for STATINTL
example, was rated. "unsatisfactory" by 5 and ''outstanding" by 6.
* While 27 rated- generally, as outstanding, another lb
gave him this ratigg.for his Conga preaent.3tion and an addi-
tional b did so for his other lecture.
*+~ Five additional respondents cited as outstanding the speakers
at Langley, in general.
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THHLE: ItApRA SXCBF~P'TS
Prom i]OA Partcipatitss
I think the course very worth while eYen tho' I was under considerable pressure
of time, language training, sad a sick wife. You worked me right to the limiC.
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It would have bean better if C?'s could Kaye each studied the country that
the member is going to--belt that is nod possible. Ole the whole the speakers
were superior and each tops in his field .
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This has been a very beneficial 4 weeks.
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There was too muck ~(re.adiag/ prescribed 'for the time ~nrsilable. (*) .
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The Country Team Problem concept is a little "far fetched" in th:t we were
required to write, and judge, things which we reeky knew very little
about. Further I was working on a Cout3.try to which I am not-going
and therefore not intimately interested.
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I was extremely impressed by the caliber of the students attendfng the
Seminar, but I don't kaaer if their talents are being properly tapped. There
should be an opportunity for an expression of opinion oa improvement, not
of course content, but~opiaioas oa how to imgrove the counterinsurgency
program itself . With time rived from the 8glia-Bragg trip, there
could be a couple of hours for a slug-feat on "How to improve the
Counterinsurgea cy Program", with the complete faculty as the Panel .
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. The questioner needs a meaea of amplification is the
lecture hall
Well organized, interesting sad highly beneficial,
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The PA system should be improved to prrnride a mesas of hearing questions
L?rom the floor. The effectiveness of the course is degraded by the present
system . The ,seminar is excellent and I am graceful, both for the
associations it has afforded sad for the "leg upi0 it has given me for my
forthcoming assignment.
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The sound system is the auditorium is unsatisfactory The importance
of visual aids were overlooked is too many iristancea by lecturers . . .
The amount of material is this course does sot warrant 4 weeks . . .
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This being. my second assignment as AirA I think it worth noting that, this
time, I feel considerably nwre kaor~ledgable about what to expect, actions
to take, etc., than for my previous job (195)}. Much of this is due to your
course and the cross-fertilizatiate obtained from personal contacts in the
class. Many thanks.
The DOD presentation was impressive. Ia making an impressive the presentation
failed to present adequately the more important but more mundane aspects of
the military advisors Admittedly Y write from a position of bias
Shavia bees as advis~o~r))
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Uur group ,[Country Team/ pas well selected and all agencies were represented.
T thought it was most worthwhile end that I have a better understanding of
the country team concept and its operatiaa.(*)
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The War Game was an exeellmt vehicle for the testa study .
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The National Interdepartmental Samiuar has been for ma a most broadening,
enlightening sad positive experience. I intend to make recananendations
along these lines to my spone4r. There are, however, two aspects which seem
worthwhile for me to co~omaent, 3: While I consider the,~Country Team/
problem a useful practical exercise, is my judgement it is not a governing
one. It could be cut ou# of the oourae with consequent savings of time.
b. Assuming that the Country Team problem remains as an integral part of the
courae.it would ba helpful if concrete guidance were offered oa organization
for its execution A standard, albeit elastic guide for organization
would, Ism sure, be a great help.
STATINTL . .The visit to GIA which arranged to view and be briefed
on equipment was interesting and informative.
ao Recommend eithers (1) a short oral briefing (10-15 min) on 1st day of
seminar of specific goal and recaemended method for aecomplishitag
the goal, or (2) a written statement of the goal and desired method for
accomplishing same Overall I feel that I gained from participating.
STATINTL I consider the Seminar an outstanding course, which has been of major
importance to me in preparing far my assignment to - Perhaps soliciting
student comments after adequate time on station maybe besleficial to
the faculty. _
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I believe that as urgent effort should be made to improve the sound system
in the auditorium and that floating microphones should be provrided persons
asking questions to permit full participation by all members of the seminar.
STATINTL --------------------?_-.-.--------------------------------------r
I was very-~ch disappointed in the manner statement on the
STATINTL ~'?ad in- (worthless) s-as alloired to stand without the school (at a
later date) citing DOD's response to the GAO report . . .
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Course reading was extremely voluminous compared to the time available,
especially for persons departing for foreign posts soon after course
termination.(*)
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This has been a well constructed and Est stimulating seminar. Without it,
I would sot have been adequately prepared to eantribute in a meaningful
way. to the Country Team effort in Vietnam.
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Prom STATE Particigants~
NIS is to be commended for development of library facilities and for selection
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of efficient, courteous and diligent personnel. The NIS faculty's con-
tributions ware excellent .
I reco$aise that varying backgrounds produce varying reactions. My own
experience has required working with other agencies. Even so, I would hope
that other agencies and teamwork could emerge as almost unconscious byproduct
benefits of a focussing on problems and problem areas and urge restructuring
or creating course materials to this end I have enjoyed the course
and value the experience. My aomwenta are intended to be constructive. It
is an excellent course.
I would suggest a more detailed discussion on private U.S. organizations'
.role and ability to make a contribution in =elation with what is now or
may become U.S. objective.
I think State should be jacked up to provide tog level FSO's for the
? course. Aa occasional dud has an adverse impact far-beyond PER's appreciation
when the country team concept is emphasized.(*)
. 2., Considering Lhe physical sad soupd facilities available, there
is some question in my mind as to the value of the seminars held. in the
auditorium . 3. It would be helpful if the NIS could establish
a procedure under which it reviewed published articles bearing ugon the
subject ,[insurgency and counterinsurgency/ and is approgriate cases mailed
copies of those articles to graduates of the NI3.
More emphasis oa target areas, such ss youth, labor, peasants.(*)
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. . Physical facilities not is keeping with importance of course or
investment in officer time. Coordinator and faculty to be eoagra?nnlated
oa building a very valuable course, which will undoubtedly be further
improved as time goes oa.
Generally sgeakiag many of the topics presented about developing countries
are made to seem to apply only to developing nations. Actually the patterns
apply to all countries including the U. S. . A leas doctrinaire and _
more flexible citation of charaeteristias with a,[ undecipherable word /
of emphasis would be more meaningful .
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More time should be made availably for reading, and for discussion of
what is read . (*)
I suggest that the Ills staff be used to explain the basic organisation sad
mission of their organisations. Speakers frosa the eaeacies should Chen relate
.these points to the subject of the seminar I am somewhat concerned
that the subject of insurgency and counterinsurgency i,s falling into a
steadily hardening pattern. especially among the military concerned with
the subject. Haximwr~ flexibility and greater willia~aess to entertain new
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and, perhaps, heretical ideas are necessary. prerequisites to combatting
the kind of pr~~blem we are dealing with. It does not lend itself to a
doctrinnaire approach.
This was a very satisfying and interesting experience for me. Although
administration is and has been my specialty in the Foreign Service, my
absorption with broad political, ~conomic and social problems has been
brought into very sharp and we~.l defined focus through the mechanism of
this seminar.
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yrom USIA Participants
On balance, I think the course is worthwhile. In general, however, I would
say that when top speakers are not available, it would be better to devote
the time to reading.
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This has been an extremely useful course Co me, one which has given me e
much clearer insight to insurgency problems confronting the U?S. generally
STATINTL and, specifically that in _ the country to which I have been
assigned. P.3. One technical point--PA system in auditorium needs
cons iderable_improvement
Too much time devoted to CT assignments of groblem country--for those not
assigned to that country .
My criticisms, as will be noted, are minor. I think the faculty and the
coordinator are to be congratulated fot the general level of excel~~ence
of the course.
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2. Seminar is a must for as officer going overseas. It should come early
enough in his leave in the US or training so that he doesn't have ton
many other distractions such ass Agency checkout; shipanent of effects,
etc. 3. The PA system needs attention. .
Not enough emphasis on follow-up, in the field, of activities purported to
fulfil policy. (+~}
I would like to commend the director and staff for the excellent manageme~at
of all aspects of the seminar. In addition to the high so-called academic
level of the course, the sessions were kept lively and, with minor exceptions,
highly stimulating as well as interesting. Special mention should be made
of the instructors and the librarians who ,gave ~ the fullest passible
assistance and cooperation.
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STATINTL
STATINTL
i tiluught / the growing interdepartmental nature of U.S. foreign policy
~rublews and programs/ was especially well covered.. (*)
My many "affirmative'~~~checks on the preceding pages faithfully reflect my
belief that the NIS is well worth the not inconsiderable effort and expense
it must cost .
In general, and despite some of the critical comments noted before, I
consider the course well organized. i felt that it would have profited by
greater exposure to people recently returned from the field . I would
like to suggest more opportunity for small group discussion of the topics
of the day's lectures .
Although I' Nave felt at times that the amount Iof reading? was excessive,
and 8t other times that the scope was, too broad, now, at .the end of the
Seminar, I sm convinced that-the reading requirements are satisfactory
as they are.(*)
I'm deeply appreciative of the opportunity to have this course. Only wish
I'd had it before I left for - in 1962 I do think there were too
many encroachments on our time far reading, but realize this is no excuse
for not caveriag all of it .
I would not have missed the.S_minar for the world; a great part of what
i learned in it will materially affect my approach to the job I am under-
taking in -
From AID 'Participants:
I suggest Chat members of the faculty of 1~I3 be introduced by another
member with a short biographical sketch prior to addressing the seminar.
While admitting the existence of the biographical data covering members of
the faculty the garticipaats in the seminar shouldn't be expected to remember
the details as each faculty member. `
I am completely amased (sad horrified) at the sesistaace to the-use of the
word "Capitalism" as a mechanism to prooote US self interest is the developing
countries.
I wish to express the feeling generated in me during this seminar of the
generally high level of th~a faculty sad special lecturers as well as the
quality and interest-provoking content of tha course If possible it
is my recommendation that AID be induced to broaden its use of the seminar
for its sen~lor personnel and to make it a mandatory course for all
such personnel .
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The Seminar would be improved if much more time and attention and care
were given to probing for issues and problems. These shrald be generated
by both the students and the faculty advisors is advance of platform
presentations. Same examples of problems are: Why AID is Onder a Claud...
Recognition vs. Non-Recognition of Military Dictatorahips...The Compromise
between Security and Freedom (*)
In the future I shall be afar more enthusiastic booster of NIS than I have
been in the past. It is a very, very valuable operation. I have my own strong
op,t-ians expressed on the preceding pages x~.garding areas of emphasis and
quality of speakers. Sowevsr, if not one word or speaker were changed--
I should highly recommend the course to aayozte in a key slot in Washingtr~n
or overseas I would like particularly to commend the !-SIA technique
of following formal guest and faculty lectures with a panel of students.
These panels provided me a Matter feQl for the USIS operations than the
formal lectures. I would like to see AID employ the same technique .
There can be no question but what the course is worthwhile, sad I suspect
the by products have aluwst equal value with the basic purpose of the course--
the broadening experience of assa+eiatio~- sad dialogue with people outside
sae's own agency and field of competence, a view fa depth of the other
agencies' operations, about which most of us know only by hearsay .I have
heard proposals that the course be shortened; I would vote the other way,
either extend it or trim dawn the present curriculum .Please fight the
Battle of the gadget and get some mikes oa the floor of-the auditorium . .
I think t~tf.:~ seminar is one of the finest training exercises I have ever
attended undez government spoasarship.'`''The~semiaar is especially valuable
in presenting the satire country team appraoch to the problems being
studied I should think that every Ambassador would appreciate having
the key members of his country teas- attend .Chia course.
/ Recommend / seminar work of oountry team, based on the case method.
I should like to sse 2. The importance of thin course given more
proueineace--value--importaaace, by AID officials 3, More .time spent inn
"team work". I felt tf-at I worked on a segment of the problem .
I came to the NIS as a rank novice and xhile I cannot suggest that I feel
confident as a CI tacticiaa?-them is no question but that my attitudes and
concern re CI matters have bees materially hsighteaaed.
Course is good and from all reports, continues to improve. This writer found
it to be a meaningful experience The following items are suggested;
. 2) Movies were must valuable sad schedule almaid be fined sad not
sub acted to sa many switches ?in time 5) l4ove course to STATINl
STATINTL ~ thus permitting cos~preasion . into a three-peek schedule utilising
the two weekends, reasalviag the particLpsots fros their residual office
concerns 6) Substitute one hair of case study time for a Congressional
staff panel .
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From OA Participantas
Rather than the long gneativn periods after each lactate, I believe it would
serve a greater pnrgose for these lecturers to hold smaller semina~cs (e.g.,
20 students). Obviously sat as many students could benefit but a few would
gain amore m~eaaingful insight into the problems involved. The afternoon
speakers helpted to f1i1 this dap.
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Recommend that a safe be placed iII each country team room and require each
student to secure all materials is this cabinet. This would make security
duty officers' job much easier .
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Siacerely believe that, as a consequence of garticipat3x:g is the NIS, I
have a much broader and sounder oanceptioa of the caunteriasurgeacy effort
and of the role of the country teaim in this effort.
. This 1s as excellent course, with higher quality of substantive
content than any other course I have taken, It should be required for all
Country Team personnel in developing countries.
a. I would garticularly commend your Library and Typing Staffs. Their support
was excellent. b. I missed the use of the teaching device common to-War.
Colleges--the-use of smaller discussion groups which would "bull session"
the morning's presentations sad the day's readings c. My principal
criticism lies is my experiaace with the Gauntry Team Bxercise. I did
not feel that its contribution justified its use. sad that as a result, the
part it should play in aiding students to understand the concept sad opera-
tion of a Country Temoa was not accomplished (4) I regret that
I must attack what I lcaow to be a "sacred caw" of the NI3. I beliave_that
you must either reconsider the antize program ,(Country Teals Exercise/, or
perhaps examine your faculty controls on the committee activities.
While several lectures contributed to the country team concept I believe a
wrap-up was needed with special emphasis oa the role of the ambassador (*)
. .More group discussion within the CT's would seem desirable. These
should be guided but oa all subjects, sot just the team prablem, There was
a wealth of exile=lance and knowledge in mq team but I had little time to
pick much up. NIS instructors should be seiacted for their ability to teach.
Several were not strong in this area, Critiques are always somewhat negative.
I would like to point out how vary fine I feel this course is and how valuable
I found it. Keep up the good work.
I enjoyed the Seminar and feel that it was of considerable benefit to me.
Ia fact it is unfortunate that all representatives of the various agencies
concerned cannot attend the Seminar print to overseas assignments. Perhaps
my greatest criticism is of the accoustics of the lecture room . .
(*)Excerpta marked by asterisk have been takes from sections of questionnaires
other than last part reserved for narrative comment; this has bean done
in cases where participant did net append narrative caram~nt but did have
significant .observation(s) included in response to some specific q~aeatian.
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