INDICATIONS OF PSYCHOLOGICAL VULNERABILITIES

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP78-04864A000300020031-2
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: U
• Document Page Count: 7
• Document Creation Date: December 9, 2016
• Document Release Date: June 7, 2001
• Sequence Number: 31
• Publication Date: September 8, 1952
• Content Type: REPORT

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CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY REPORT NO
INFORMATION FROM
FOREIGN DOCUMENTS OR RADIO BROADCASTS CD NO.
COUNTRY USSR
SUBJECT INDICATIONS OF PSYCHOLOGICAL VUIMM-BILITIES
HOW
PUBLISHED
WHERE
PUBLISHED
DATE
PUBLISHED
LANGUAGE
THIS DOCUMENT CONTAINS INFORMATION AFFECTING THE NATIONAL DEFENSE
OF THE UNITED STATES WITHIN THE MEANING OF ESPIONAGE ACT 50
U. S. C., 31 AND 32. AS AMENDED. ITS TRANSMISSION OR THE REVELATION
OF ITS CONTENTS IN ANY MANNER TO AN UNAUTHORIZED PERSON IS PRO-
HIBITED BY LAW. REPRODUCTION OF THIS FORM IS PROHIBITED.
SOURCE. Monitored Broadcasts
CPW Report No. 46-A -- USSR
(22 July - 4 August 1952)
IDEOLOGICAL AFFAIRS ....... 5
DATE OF 22 July -
INFORMATION 4 Aug. 1952
DATE DIST.
NO. OF PAGES 7
SUPPLEMENT TO
REPORT NO.
THIS IS UNEVALUATED INFORMATION
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A long STUINSKOTE Z_ TA editorial (22 July) declares that the production of building
materials, particularly brick, in Ryazan Oblast has deteriorated to such an extent
as to make the successful outcome of the plan highly doubtful. The plan for unkiln:ed
brick is already a failure while the production of the other varieties of brick is
5 million units short of the specified figure. This situation, says the paper, has
been brought about by a combination of. "low labor productivity" and frequent break-
downs of machinery, and there is no excuse for either. The available machines are
said to be utilized from 30% to 40% of their capacity, mew equipment is not installed
on time, and not a single factory has yet introduced the three-shift work day.
Another irritant is the poorly-or?ganfred factory transportation system. Summarizing
its discussion of this branch of the oblast industry, the paper says that nothing short
of a "radical revision of the leadership" will reestablish order and efficiency in
the production of bricks the demand for which is constantly growing. The editorial
winds up with an appeal to the brick workers a Communist conscience and Soviet
patriotismQ "You have no right to lag while the other branches of economy and cu.ltnre
of Ryazan Oblast progress at a fast tempos is
Despite the "really huge successnow achieved by the Kostro a Oblast industries, says
SEVERN&TA PRAVD editorially on 22 July, violations of labor discipline continue as
heretofore. Such violations are said to be still unchecked At the enterprises of
transport machine-building and other branches of industry. Nor are they uncommon at
the f ostroma textile machine:.- ilding plant, the Lenin ?lax I robin t, the Sharya
industrial logging camp and other places. What happens to production when management
and labor "do not have the inters is of the State at heart" (ns, v dukhe sobludania
interesoy go,dar?stva) is told in a Knzrichev article carried by PRAVDA; on 22 July
(not broadcast), The I r?kov T ress:rgaz plant (telephone apparatus and other communica-
tion facilities), says the author9 13 a -tyrpical example of low labor discipline and
poor performance*.
The trouble is tha:.t, e:fic Rant daily leadership in
the plant is replaced by conference hustlebustle,
by writing numerous orders, long letters and directives.
Delp v try oats . zavode Transsvyaz poveednevnoye
operativnoye rukovodsivo podmeneno zaaedatelskoy suyet-
ney, izdaniem nnogochislennik prikazov, praotrannikh
plasm i rasporyazbeniyr.
The monthly production plans, continues Kuzmichev, are left unfulfilled till the last
few days when the bang condemned a"shtur movshehina" (fits-andm j.rks) methods is
resorted to in order to meet the production deadline. The result is that uncompleted
jobs are frequently included in the plan--fulfillment figures to eover up the existing
shortcomings. The plant leadership is also reported to exert pressure on the
Technical Control neuartment to "appr?ove91 defective goods for shipment to consumers
even though it is no secret to anyone 'that, such products will sooner or later have
to be junked. The Kharkov Rayon Party Committee whose duty it is to supervise the
operations of that plant is, in K'izmichev ? s words, "manifesting an amazing ignorance
of the situation at the Transsvyaz plant" (obnaruzhivayet porn itelnuyi neosve-
dommlenna-st o polozhenii del na, zavode Transsvyaz).
A Rome Service broadcast of 31 July quotes IZVESTIA as urging the mediate elimina-
tion of the serious shortcomings in the country?s communications services. More rigid
control is urged over the work of telephone operators, telegraphists, sorting clerks,
and post men who, it is implicitly admitted, are having L difficult time "maintaining
the enormous communications machine."
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The slow preparations of the food iribux try enterprises for the coming season "are
arousing great alarm" (vyzavayzu* bo ashu 'u trevogu), according to K SKAYA PRAVLk of
26 July. The paper?s ers'.on ai the situation is that great losses of raw material
and higher production costs are Inevitable if something is not done to improve the
preparations for the coming production season. There is no specific reference to the
type or location of the mentioned industrial. units beyond the hint that their, continued
unenviable performance will have an. adverse effect on the average consumer.
STAVROPOLSK&YA. PRAVDA (31 July) Is somewhat, more specific in its reference to the
consumer who, It says, deserves a better break. The trouble with some of the plant
managers, particularly in the foojwea.r^ .industry, says, the paper, is that they are not
responsible to the "demands of the consumers," or, the one hand, and are indifferent
to the "honor of the factory trademaP 9" on the other. The output of the Stavropol
Icrai furniture industry, for e*rple so poor that the people prefer to buy ', in furniture imported from other parts of the country. Large stocks of shoes have already
accummulated at the warehouses of the Central Footwear Distribution Agency (G1avobuvsbyt)
and on the shelves of the lrai sr;o ; ?tores, but there is no demand for them. The same
s said to be true of the output of the Pyatigor?sk Garment Factory:
The production of had ua.iity products is a crime.
The producers of poo:r? .edicts must be punished in
accordance with the decree of the Presidium of the
Supreme Soviet of the R aFSR.
A letter to Stalin from the induct trasl and transportation workers of the Tartar ASS
(30 July) familiarly presents a long list of impressive production targets, ranging
from higher efficiency per worker and beater use of machinery 'to the training of
additional professional workers and the production of above-plan cigarettes. The only
shortcoming referred to by the Tartar workers is probably the most significant: "A
great deal still remains undone, it the matter of improving the material and cultural
services of the toiling people." (Aaieko ne vse eshche adelano dlia uluchshenia
materialno-bytovogo i kulturnogo ohs''uzh.Lvaria trudiashchikhsya)
A similar letter to the leader all the railway workers of the Soviet Union
(3 August) contains promises "ndot to be satisfied with the achievements already made."
An indirect admission that the mentioned successes do not apply to every field of
railroad operations is seen in the pledge to eliminate the shortcomings that still
exists
The. railroad workers realize full well that many short-
comings still exist in, the work of the railway transport.
Much work is still needed to fulfill the freight-hauling
plan for every type of goods, and to eliminate infringements of
regulations regarding technical exploitation.
Admitted also is the fact that adherence to timetables is something to be achieved
in the future, and that not all railroad enterprises are keeping up with the plan
in general, and the "capital, construction plan" (plan kapitalnogo stroitelstva)
in particular.
Although the, traditional letters to Stalin are usually motivated by actual or
potential shortcomings, the latter are generally played down or referred to in
passing. The achievements, actual or promised, on the other hand, are so phrased
as to make the admitted failings small by comparison. Thus a previous article on
the railroad situation by Chumachenko ()ictation to provincial press, 27 July) goes
into more detail than was offered in the letter to Stalin. Some of the railroad
lines, he says, are operating behind the freight hauling plan, particularly in regard
to timber, building materials, cemeni't , grain, and cotton. This failure is especial:l*y
pronounced on the Gorkovskaya, Severe)-Kavkazskaya, Sverdlovskaya, and Tomskaya lines.
Referring to other features of railroad operation, Chumachenko says that low labor
discipline is making itself felt in rr. number of ways including the safekeeping of the
freight itself:
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Gaps still exist in. loading operations, and there is
ins xfficiex+. dherence to the schedules of engine and
other brigade;,s o D i ;c ? pl:i ne Is still lacking . a a .
Lar'ge -r;,serves remain unused Tit some engine repair
works. Some tolerate outdated production technology
At least half of the ?a ily loading program should be
carried out d jring: the night , Grain should be well
guarded during loading and transportation.
The quantitative output of the coal .fining industry, says PRAPCIR PEREKOGI (29 July),
is an essential feature of the plan b.r't: the production of high-grade coal is no less
important. The paper notes that ?:hey contirrs.iing race for favorable quantitative indices
tends o deflect attention from quality, and the result is often a substandard
product. Reiterating the official. line, however, the editorial also cautions against
a switch to the other extreme byy s: rgi the :taxailiar quantity-quality balance of
productionb
Leaders of certain ini:n&a and mining administrations
fail to give due attention to the classification and
standard specifications of coal .... It is necessary
to fulfill the plan not merely in regard to quantity
but also to quality-
Discussing the failure of some Republican Ministries and local industries to fulfill
the second quarterly plan, as pointed out in the Bureau of Statistics report for that
period, RADYANSKA UKRAINA declares (31 Jelly) that the prevailing "low level of labor
organization" (nizkiy riven organizats:iy pratsi) is at the bottom of all the troubles.
Another snag is the fear of criticism . and its suppression under one pretext or another.
Criticism indeed is even interpreted as detrimental to the business-,
Criticism of' economic leaders from below is often
attacked as an attempt to ur..dernine their authority;
It is understa.ndtblL that this has nothing in acamon
with Bolshevik methods of manag+ rve.nt. Amazing as it
is, the Party organizations of these enterprises fail
to note that similar behavior ... is nothing more nor
less than suppressinn of criticisms
Ukrainian version:
Krytyka z nyzu, na adresu kerivr{ykiv tsikh pred-
pryemsty, priysayetsya chasto yak proba pidirvaty
avtoryten gospodarnyiiv. Zrozumile, shcho tee xis ma.ye
nichogo spilnogo s bilshovytsakirtry metodami. kerivxiytstva.
Yak ne divno, ale partiyny organizatiol tsikh zavodiv ne
pomiehayut ehcho podi.bny di.i. gospodarskijh kerivnykiv ye
ne shcho inshe yak zatysk krytyki.
The paper goes on to say that a .tuber of Ministries whose quarterly plans have been
fulfilled still include enterprises "which zre lagging behind," and their fulfillment
figures are merely averages for the particular period or industry "as a whole." There
are still "very many" ry anan3r enterprises operating behind schedule, mostly in the local
and light industries, that is those producing primarily consumer goods. Among them
are the furniture: industry, woodworking enterprises and a number of unnamed others.
PRA.VWs editorial comment on the Statistics Bureau report for the USSR as a whole
(23 July) is less critical of the shortcomings than are the regional papers in
regard to the failings in their respective areas. The paper expresses the view,
however, that the well-founded satisfaction with the country?s economic performance
in the second quarter of this year should not blind anyone to the numerous weak
spots which are yet to be eliminated:
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It must be admitted that serious shortcomings still
exist in the operations of certain branches of our
industry ...o Certain enterprises and even entire
branchces o -f.ndusti.-v are not coping with their plan
assignments.
Nado priznat, chto v rabote nekotorykh otrasley
nashey promyshlenn.ost:i imeyutsya eshche seryoznie ne-
dostatki .. Chat predpriatiy I dazhe otdelnie
otrasli pro shlenr_osti ne. vypoirqayut planovikh
zadaniy.
Disparaging reference is made also to the (unnamed) industries which, while achieving
their-production targets, failed to follow the itemized specifications of the plan.
With few exceptions, such production short cuts are resorted to by the industries
working for the consumers.. The fluctuations in the production of consumer goods as
compared to the steady rise regiss-ored by the ferrous metallurgical industry for
example, may be seen from the following official figures for the first half of 19520
P r'cent of Alan fulfil ent
Meat and
Dairy
F:Iah
Building
Materials
Ferrous
Metallurgy
1st Qtr 2nd Qtr
1st Qtr 2nd Qtr
1st Qtr
2nd Qtr
let Qtr 2nd Qtr
USSR
102 94
197 97
100
102
102 103
RSFSR
110 96
11.2 100.8
108
96
not listed
UKRAINE
96 94
1.28 114
103
99.4
102 103
IDEOLOGICAL AFFAIRS
A substantial part of the meag+ r? material available on ideological topics appeared in
the press but was not broadcast. In an article in RAMNSKA UK A.INk on 22 July, two
Kiev professors Tymof iv and Neluhov assert that the ideological orientation of the,
Lvov universities, particularly their social sciences departments., is off the officially-
prescribed line. A study of the exposit: ions in the mentioned departments and their
libraries is said to have revealed that some, of the most important events in the
history of the Ukraine are not so popular with the Lvov universities as they should
beo
One cannot see why the (university) leadership has
evaded such important events in the life of our
fatherland as ... the reunion of Western Ukraine
with Soviet Ukraine ... the great and disinterested
help of the Great Russian people ....to the reconstruc-
tion and further development of the national economy
of the Ukrainian SSR ....
Ukrainian version.-
Nevidamo z yakykh pr ychyn u.poryadnyky obmynsyut taki
vazhlyvi podii v z yrtti nashoy Batkivshchyny, yak ...
voz ednannya Zakhidnoy Ukrainy z Radyanskoyu Ukrainoyu aa.
pro velycheznu hezkoryslyvu dopomogu velykogo rosiyskogo
narodu ..o u vidbodovi I daishomu rozvytku narodnogo
gospodarstva Radyanskoy Ukraircy , a o a
The lack of publicity accorded to Stalin?s 'Marxism and Questions of Linguistics"
is also branded by the authors as a serious ideological aberration. It is in fact
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referred to as a brake on the whole progress of higher learning in the Lvov
University and its i? : ?t itute,s. Withoni t a profound study (bez glybokogo vyvehennya )
of this book, says the ar??iclea progress in social sciences is impossible. But,,
"strange as it seems"" (yak ne dyv .o), even the University's Department of Russian
nd Ukrainian Languages has not seen fit to accommodate its activities to the great
theory outlined in "Stalin's classical work" asyci. . pratsya toys Stalina),
A K UJNISTI editorial broadcast from, Tbilisi on 26 July says tha=n the Georgian SSR's
motion picture industry has been lagging ideologically "behind current events" for
the past 10 years. The summarized editorial version does not offer any further
details on that point beyond the reminder that the recent resolution of the Central
Committee of Georgia's Communist Party has outlined the methods for the improvement
of the film producers' work, and that the mentioned decision had better be heeded.
Discussing the same theme on, 30 Tuley, ZARYA VOSTOKA. expresses the belief that "it is
imperative to reconstruct all the work" of the. Republic's Ministry of Cinematography
so as to insure the implementation of the All-Union Communist Party's decision on
ideological questions. Without identifying the nature of the ideological failings
under discussion, the paper appeals to the Writers Union, individual dramatists, and
script writers to help the film industry by directing attention to "modern subjects."
An uni igned PRAV . article of 25 Tul,vr (not broadcast) takes issue with PRAVL UKRAINY,
the second most important daily of the Ukraine, on matters of ideological vigilance.
That paper, says PRAV, is not too responsible to "tip-offs" (signaly) on ideological
and other irregularities-it frequently even prevents their publication. This is said
to be borne out by some of its own. correspondents;
Some of the correspondents, particularly at Kharkov,
Odessa, e.ndie:rsorn :rankly assert that it does not
pay to send in critical articles because they are
either made sterile or filed away.
Nekotorie korresponrl.enty, v ehastnosti kharkovskiy,
odesskiy i khersonslcty, pryamo zayavlayut, chto ne
imeyet smysla posylat v redaktsiyu kriticheskie
statyi oni tam ykholashchivayu.tsya iii sdayutsya
v arkhiv.
PRAVI)A UKRAIN! is also blamed for having all but forgotten about the "nationalist
perversions" (natsionalisticheskie izvrsshchenia) that had been found in Ukrainian.
literature. It is said to devote mach too little space to the activities of the
Republic's Writers Union, and to show a tendency to "avoid controversial issues"
(izbegat ostrie voprosy). Nor is the daily's attempt to take the line of least
resistance by confining its editorial. and other criticism to "safe areas," that is
to officials long since dismissed for :various misdemeanors, escape official notice.
The newspaper's low ideological standard, it is pointed out,may also be accounted
for by its practice of employing "jacks of all trades" (mastera na vse ruki) to write
on anything from children's education to the care of beet roots,
A Chovba article (in Ukrainian, 26 July) discloses that the "Radyanaka Shkola"
publishing house which specializes in the publication of text books, dictionaries,
and other study aide for lower schools is now cinder fire. It has been discovered,
says the author, that some of its books Are characterized by "politically harmful
contents" (sbkidlyviy politychnly zmist). It is also revealed that 130 errors have
been found in one publication alone--the manual for art students published by the
mentioned house. The nature of these as well as the school book errors is not
revealed, however.
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K&ZkXHSTANSKAYA. PRAVD/i (31 July) cal'-,'s for a decisive struggle against the "shamefi1
feudal. attitude" toward girl. many, oof whom are still kept out of schools. The ..stakes
of previous year's, noted for they, ::..arts-?ca le withdrawals of girls from the secondary
schools, must not be repeated, says the paper. Implicitly admitting that the school
girlse parents themselves are mostly to blame for keeping them out of classes, the.
paper urges intensified eT ss-e l.ight