SOVIET TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP78-04864A000100060006-8
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: C
• Document Page Count: 25
• Document Creation Date: November 11, 2016
• Document Release Date: December 22, 1998
• Sequence Number: 6
• Publication Date: June 6, 1948
• Content Type: IR

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REPORT NO.
REPORT
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GENTRAL
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USE OF TRAINED INTELLIGENCE ANALYSTS
11?I11CTT1CI AS 1
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1. The .'*'V ep,Qrt,,??8yte~tee........... ???a..ls???e?ss...???...?.?r?? C
no ~ River and Marine Transport .........r???e. r.a... ??saaa/.ss???? I5
III. ?viayica and Fla y Transport sr??? s? a??r?.rss.*s*s? 7
BROADCAST L1C
A. Lines Rebuilt or atar3d.aa...?.? ...............?.....?.a...aw..r 8
8. Couatraction in Progress
QMJ(ii.i~Li?.w+.s...+rlrsrrw-w?sr.srr..a?rssfr..r.rr~.sr..s? 8
Al ~Ata-K q?}~?......s...r.~f?f r.a??r.1??...-!i.lf Ir. i1. l..f?
q ~,,~i.t Y1W da.......?... ?. ? ?a..... ws. wa..... ?wa r.'.~ a?.. awr r.w.? 8
a. e.aaaa..?..??
.Xetit-Hyetro i-f baCbe.......... ...............
S pallor M vaye........a.?..a.?ssrw??.saawr?.rs.a.sas?
C yi bou- u~fired ......................................r...a... 9
South Siberian ....................... . a. a?.aa awr.?rs saasrr?aaa! 9
p~,,d?tpga s.ra...ar..s?.?.?a......?.?.a ?aea?a?a?s .............. *...S 9
C. Rail Bridgoe
1. Rebuilt or.~Re-ftored ...............?....?..................... 9
2. Now Rail Biidgea .............*.....??.........~s.?~e?raa..?.... 10
D. Equipment and Technical Improve is 10
1. Electrification ......................................... may. a r ... 10
2. Ae Locomotives and Roll Stook ...a.??...rrrs..?a....a.a.a.r? .7.
3. a s....ae......rr.s..?r?..?arsas.s.afs.aa?s.-.aa.?.s? 12
R. F'ui t{2--1. t of Rai i ayr Loading
~,,Plan
y~, y~~p ry
ter (19,48) Go plea Report for the UM..... a......... 12
1. First
2. 1947 AV. iers ee.ts........................................... s~ * * * 22
4. T irdd ,Quazte , 194/..~... ..(.~~.[}.x .~... ? ............... ? raa..r r.s.a...sa 13
4. Scheduled $ pansion b,719 ................................. r ? 13
(Continued on p. 2)
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NO. OF PAGE 25
NO. OF ENCL.'.
SUPPLEMENT TO
REPORT NO.
(Us7tl MGM
COLLECTOR'S PREUMINARY GRADING OF .CONTENT
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C o t T 1. 1. T E (Continued
11. Inund fg-yar TrrM o It
A. Restoration of the inland River System ............. ..:.......... 13
Be b nsion of the Inlend River Netxork (Actufl and Plumed)
1. Eniz., gesrient of River sy t ns .. . .............................. 14.
2. 'teohnicti1 improvements; New River and Sesgoing Chips.....,... 14
C. C+ nals Connecteed with Irrigation Pre73 eots ... . ................... 15
D..iscel.ianeous ................................................... 15
111. Marine fens
A. Seaport ~Rye.a rr tion; New Caspian Canal ................... so so* as, 16
. .. . ......... i . ? .. ? I f ? ? 1 . I . . ?. f . ? . . ? .. ... .. 16
Be Fulfillment of !1 lane ................
C. Arctic RoutoOperations ............ a.,....... .. ................. 16
L. Operations o.~+.1. the Far Eastern Steamship Trust.... . s . ? .... i ? . ? . 17
1. 1iscellaneoue .......................... .......?...r???..t.....?? 19
1V. Aviation...................... ?.....,..' ............................ 20
V. Rot*dbu.ilding..........?..i......?...?...,...???.?..?.1....?.1...... 21
Vi. thdaitted Deficiencies, and Criticisms -
A. Railroads ....................................................... 22
Be lnitin i Transport and the Lumber Shortage .............. ,....... 23
C. Ukrainian Port Operations I R ................?.................. 25
CONFIDENTIAL
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4; `RODUCTION AND wU,w.A4 Y
sea on WIER radio broado etc of 1 September. 1947, through ;, May 1948, this
sport includes all avstlable monitored material relative to the Soviet traneportme Lion .
yste for this period.
Definite progress in the restoration and expansion of the Soviet railtay system
In o August 1947 is indicated by :monitored Soviet radio broadcasts. In cddition to the
sly reported restoration of second trucks along, the Lenin grat-Moscor.-Proichladny
lines, broadcasts of 1 September 1947 - 28 April. 1948 report the restoration and
lding of principal lines and junctions in and near the Ukraine. The Krivoi Rog
junction and "all important lines in the Donets industrial center" have been re-
stored; and in September 1947, cork on the rehabilitation of the Stalingrad railway
Junction and "reconstruction" of the Etalingrad.lines was under v~ay.
"Same 1,200 rail bridges" have already been restored, 2oscov. announced in November,
broadcast material indicates that many structures are being r.edeeigned and completely
rebuilt. In 1947, "new big and medium railway bridges over the Don, Dniester, Bugg and
other rivers" were opened. During 1948, 130 "large bridges" in formerly occupied territory
are to be "rebuilt," and a bra dge- near f aporozhe, which "before the war was a one-tier
metal bridge," rill become "a two-span concrete bridge-the upper span, a paved highway,
the 3.oxer, a railway bridge." Further, bridges are being "built anew" in the BRat,
Siberia, and the Urals; an approximate total of 2,400 bridges are scheduled to be opened
this year.
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Construction of new railway lines
in central Asia, noted in the initial report
(CIA Information Report "Soviet Transportation System") is continuing; and
in addition, the Soviet radio reports construction work on a line between Semipalatinsk
and Malinovoye, and on another linking Alms-Alto and Karaganda. Though the radio does
not specify the route for the latter line, according to the Five Year Plan, Alma-A+-.F-
and Karaganda are to be linked directly by a section between laointy and Chu.1 At least
U o new lines have been completed in central Asia; a Line in "East Karagn nda"2 and the
ant:Bystrovka-Eybaahe lino in the Lake Issyk Kul area. The Kostroma-Korba section of
the Kostroma-Galioh line has also been completed.
1-cf. CIA map No. W63, August 1947, unrestricted.
Available material on the "Last Karaganda" this does not shoo whether or not this refers
to the Alma Ata-Karaganda line.
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Broadcast references to the Sibetihn trunk line and the Chardzhou-Kungrtad line sdd
fro tccts as to the progress v%Vde on tbese lineF since September 1947. In apparent
reference to the neeu Siberian trunk linos, TASS reports that as nor bridge across the Irtysh
e conneetng PavUdar end Aknolinsk" will be commissioned in 1948;
u broader-et of U November 1947 putties the reetern terminus of the Siberian trunk line
to .uibyshev, usher earlier broadcarirs placed the -western end of the new line at
nsitokorsk. As to the Chardzbou Kvtgrad iine,2J a Tashkent regional broadcast estates
that "in July 19/8, the first trains .ill cross the desert from Chardzhou to the Aral See"--
in contradiction to previous '.soedeaate which estimated only partial completion of
the line in 1949. Tashkent also reports that 173 bridges sill be built on this line, in-
steed of a total of 100 a r previously reported.
Prospecting for now line, in the Karilo-Finnish Republic and the Far 1*st is also
reported, but no explicit in:3rmvtion has thus far been obtained.
V ith regard to tie tee=,snica1 improvement of Soviet railways, considerable broadcast
attention is given '.,o the :?.ectrification of lines, specifically to the Omsk-Novosibirsk
and Omsk-Tomsk rcfctes n Sibt?ria, and to railways in the Urals and Tronscaucasia. Thile
radio broadcasts do .ot provide definitive statistics regarding the supply of locomotives
.
and rolling stock, now diesel locomotives and freight care are being added to the railaeey.
system. Moscow ?eporte that over 25 percent of all rolling stock is comprised of self-
unloading frei?at cars with a capacity of 30 or 50 tons; during 1947, a now 2,000-
horsepower d..sel locomotive with a maximum speed of 100 kilometers was introduced; the
Urals tran,r~ort-machine plants have produced a gondola of 60-ton capacity, and are now
working a,, gondolas of 120-ton capacity. This year, the prod4etion of locomotives is to
be incrafsed by 48 percent, rolling stock by 80 percent, and diesel locomotives and
peesengf: carriages by 34 percent, as compared with 1947 production.
ctrtain general clues as to the actual achievements and masks of the Soviet railway
eystt:i appear in Soviet broadcast material. Gosplan reported that USSR railways completed
th general loading plan for 1947 with a 10.6 peroeflt increas~ over 1946. But a
TA13 dispatch to the Soviet provincial press reports that toile loading quotas for
+?.he most important goods" were completed by 18 railreays,. then loading plan for "the
a.)et important goods" was not met by 2Z. railways. Included among those lines which failed
to meet specific loading schedules were the Donets and Ural--4 .berieen lines. And
I/ For d description of construction work along sections of the Chardzhou-Kungrad
line, see FB1B SURVEY OF USSR RADIO BROADCASTS, 12 Decembeetr 1947, No. 24, pp. U 7-9.
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the importance of these two rail netv:orks is indicated by a PRAVDA editorial which
that of the 14 percent increase in freight torcings scheduled for 1948, over
must be carried by this Donets and Aral-: iberiiu systems. The )arty orgrn
tly launched a campaign for the completion of the .'`ive-Peer Plan ix. four years, but
te.oles to the rttainment of this objectiia are indica?od by other PRAVDA editorials
which complain of industrial bottle-necks. ..t may be notei, hoe. ever, th't the Party
appears to be lees critical of the perlormcnce of Sov3.,it ra'.1t;ays Than of the
11. I& MD A-VAB A'QD Rl d T&MCPORT
The restoration of the Soviet inland river network is nearly oompltted, according
e USSR Minister of River Transport, Comr de Shashkov, who stated ii Ootob,.? 1947
"by 1'>46, the length of usable vaterways exceeded the presser figure," and that
1947 "all- the large river ports and lending a.ages of the country" were rezabilitatoi.
ther restoration work 'vas reported by TASS in December 1947; and as the current
navigation season opens, ship-raising squads ire reported at Fork in order to "fully
free rivers and lakes for navigation," partic i.arly In the Baltic Republics and on the
Dnieper. During October 1947, restoration wo is on the itanych water y was "proceeding
fret'"; and at that time, Shashkov predicted t at "soon chips will be able to reach the
depth of the Salsk steppes."
Considerable expansion of the inland river network is plasmed, according to Soviet
broadcasts. The long Leningrad-Astrakhan watgrway'is "again on the agenda"; during 1948,.
work is to be started on a dam and power stat.on on the Volga, near Gorky. ixpension
of navigation on the Kama, the upper reaches )f the Oka, Kura, and Irtysh, is indicated
by the building of power stations on these rirers, Moscow reports to Soviet listeners.
The Ob and Yenesei will also be developed to tarry large tonnages under that current
Five-Year Plan; end 15,000 kilometers of mino:?Ukrainian rivers are to be made navigable
this year.
At least two nev; canals, connected with Irrigation projects, were completed in
1947; the 50-Ail.oweter-long Nevinnomysakaya CFaal in the Kuban has a 152-meter-long.
dam and two hydro-power stations; the second canal., 18 kilometers in length, is located
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clues t,e to the incre se in chips
by monitore4i mt.teriL.l. Gosplanreported that the river
;M47 1O1-n. by 102 percent, but : ;~A DA points out cerians4 difficulties
shipping, p rticultri frith regard .o ship reconditioning. The river
able uo utilize only. about one-
:d operutione
d of tLe entire navigation Leeson in 1947,
in formerly occupied terz'i tor, !at- "greatly" behind the prewar level.
.umber bottleneck is oloeely tied with the failures of inland river transport, PPD,
-1;ith regard to s--rive transport, several Siberirn Press Dispatches intended for
c. ad stations of the Far x &t ern Stcem' ip .'rust have been collected in this report.
Continuing cempsi, ns for the conservation of fuel sna lubricants, for overhauling of the
ships by the ships' or:-n crews, nrd for the loading and unloading of cargoes by the seamen
fives--v:hich is euph :rmistic ly termed Oassittin ;" the dock workers-?-are f.-percent in
se dispatches. 1Lltilou h the seamen are pledging to aotplete the Five--ee.' Plan it
four years, the Far L.astcrn :;ti:" ship Trust failed to meet its 1947 quotas. (The only
ergo mentioned in these crisp tche,s is noel.) It is noteworthy that the :Komsomol
erg, ?ni2etion of this Trust pledged, among other things, to Nast up an Oesoviakhim Mit
ab rd each ship... and get not less than 30 percent of the young seamen to pass
successfully a test as sharpshooter, third class."
Less detailed information is available regarding the performnnee of chipping
on r,nik-ations in the B.l.ack, the Caspian, the Baltic, and Arctic , but the Caspian
and iurar nsk, ass r'ell as the akhalin, P.ternship Trusts are reported to have fulfilled
their quotas for March 1948.. Sea transport f'ul.filled . the 1947 Plan by 180 percent,
shor.ing a 15 percent increase in cargoes as compared with 1946. The freight turnover in
the first c,uarter of 1948 increased by ?O percent r o compared with the same period, of
1946; and the quarterly plan (1948) ?:as fulfilled b 116 percent. During 1947, Moscow
reports the restoration of Tallin Port facilities end "large-soda rebuilding" in
Odessa Port which is "elready more powerful than beforo the v;sr." A 3-kilometer long
esnr~l, completed in 1947, reduces the passage from the Bay to the port of Krasnovodosk,
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an the Caspian, by 12 kilometers.
The expansion of the civil aviation network, as reported by the Soviet radio,
ineludee the eete,blishment of net express freight service between Aoscoi: and
govoetbiraK and reiular air traffic between Moscow and Khabarovsk. The !'llyush9n-12"
and the 27-paseenger "USSR-1378," also designed by Ilyushin, have been introduced on
now passenger runs. Few overall statistics have appeared regarding the operations of
the civil aviation; but Moscow reports that during 1947, 30 percent more pessenter:
and freight were carried by Soviet airlines than in 1946.1/
Little information regarding soviet highv,ay transport appears in monitored broad-
hats during the period covered by this report. An Ismail regional broadcast of 16
eaptamber 1947 reports both successes and failures in Provincial roadbuilding; and an
ILVL:T1A editorial, broadcast on 24 April 1948, notes that "the problem of liquidating
the lack of roads is becoming sharply acute" and urges collective farmers to "ent;sge
road work" upon completion of sowing plans..
,/ Received too late to be included in the body of this report, it Soviet Horse Service
broadcast of 4 atsy 1948, quoting Major Gen. Chenkopadze, Deputy Held of the Civil Aviation
Department, contains the fo11ov.ing additional information on the current expansion of
the Soviet civil aviation networks CPYRGHT
"Regular passenger and freight routes are for the first time being opened between
,iosoow and Vladivostok. The plane will cover the distance in 25 hours flying time, with
stops at Sverdlovsk, Omsk, Krasnoyarsk, Choke, and Khabarovsk.
"New airlines (will) connect Moscow with }latum, Buryev, daolotov, Lvov, Kutanisi,
and Murmansk.
"Regular air communication is being inaugurated between Leningrad and Vilnius;
Leningrad and Vyrkuta via Archangel; Irkutsk and Tashkent; Alan Ata and Novosibirsk;
Kharkov and Stalingrad; Tashkent and Kuibyshev; Kuibyshev and Rostov; and many other
points.
"One month ago, direct postal air communication was inaugurated from Moscow to
Khabarovsk, Tbilisi, and Simferopol. Express lines between tiosoow and Tashkent,
and Alma Ate and Baku will be opened shortly.
"The fast 'llyushin 12' planes will be employed on all. the important passenger .
routes this year.... Last year the journey from Moscow to Ashkabed took 25 hours or
more. Now the 'Ilyushin 12' covers this in 15 hours and 30 minutes.
"lore than 100 planes will leave :Moscow tomorrow, the day of the opening of the
suumraer air services."
CONF1DiNTIAL
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d railway junction, completely destroyed by Gera invaders during
non incre.eeing, the scope of its Mork %ith every pr sL.in . week. All its
have be restored by not, and transit of building material, coal,
n, througia this junction, has greatly grown in comparison with the
r. Alortc-, witti rehabilitation, reconstruction of.the :Stalingrad railway is
455 million rubles have been api-ro :rir.ted to be invested in this project
8. CONITRUCTION 11 ' PiiOGRE;SS
in English korso to North tuaerica, 14
UJ&n=a=ft"qh CPYRGHT CPYRGHT
stroma-The byiildera of the railway line to Gelich are completing one section
after another. The Govern:aenti s directive to lay the 40-kilometer long track on
(T,P.W-
at dictation speed to the UvSR provincial presr:, 12 November 1947)
hkAta-Ksar~da
In central i(asakhstan, the building of a new railway branch is proceeding rapidly.
Construction is going on at both the southern and northern ends, and when completed
by (the end of next year?), the new railway will connect Alma Ata and other points
"ith Karaganda, Akmolinsk, Petropavlovsk, on the Turk-Sib line, and western Siberia
in general. It will make all of Kazakhstan, tith its natural riches, much more
Accessible and rill help to develop this distant, country. tork on the 460-kilo.
Deter branch railway is performed by collective farm labor. (From a summary of a
?V1 T 110 SERVICE broadcast, 18 October 1947)
at Aare
(Summary) The recently completed railroad line in the East Karaganda coal basin
has one into operation. Much additional construction, such as clubs, houses, etc
is still going on along the new rail line. (SOVIET HOVE SERVICE,.23 'arch 1948)
fat-Bs-atrovka E~vbacbe CPYRGHT CPYRGHT
?Trunse--Construction of the highland raila:sy Kant-Rybache is nearing its and.
The builders have already left behind narrow gorges with their gigantic barricades
of rook and landslides, and now work in the vast Issyk Kul hollow within 312 kilo.
meters of Frunze. Another 12 kilometers and the new rail
o e say .? , in English Norse to North America, 3 March 1948)
.0n 2 April 1941, the construction of the railroad line Frunze-Byetrovka was
completed. This railroad line was part of the road which was to link Frunze, Kant,
and R,ybache, and stopped at the approaches to the (Volonek?) Gorge, situated on the
projected road to Lake Issyk Kul., ... After the end of the patriotic war, the
U*:5R Government decided to continue the railroad line to the-settlement of Rybaohe,
located on the shore of the lake. In 1946-1947, the most difficult tasks of laying
the track were completed. The (Volonsk?) was penetrated by 36 deep cute in the
rv
~
Si .atinr.rk. a
CPYRGHT
"The laying of tracks on the railroad section which will link Semipalatinsk and
4alinavoye (has begun). The first 14 kilometers of track have already been ].eyed
from Semipalatinsk. The new road. will link the city with the Tomsk railroad line
and will shorten the road from Siberia to Central Asia by 1.500 kilometers.?
SOV1LT HOhL E, aVlC1 , 27 October 1946
CPYRGHT
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-The building of the railway, from Chardzhou to Kungrad is nearing
Aaaist,ent easager of the Chardhbou-Kungrad rails s, Chernik, sent
gage from (sdinsk?) ?C,a,t in four days the work on the road bed
iniebed and the nsceseary measures will be taken frr7? successful....
) period of 35 days, 200 kilometers... (of road) bed of the railway has
upletely prepared. Along the railway Line, more than 1,500 houses for
.. have been built. By the end of...,, 173 briW- a have beat built, and
100 kilometers of rails would have been laid, sic. This work...
cro? s the deagrt from Chardzhou to the Aral 5 a." r - , _
(Tt~HK~T regianel
r c4dcast, 8 October 1947
tit Siberian
CPYRGHT
This year the building has begun of a great trunk lime in Southern Siberia through
Bernutul and Akmolinstc to Kuibyshev, which will &,reatly develop the economy of
?asakhatan. in which another line is being built, from Chardzbou to Kmgrad."
(from a .alk by Academician Obroztov, SOVIET E SERVICE, ll November 1947)
2ther CPYRGHT CPYRGHT
"A big prospecting expedition of the Ministry of Railways has gone to Kazakhstan
to plot the final route of the new rr4lvay that is to out across the Kara Kum
desert, linking the Volga country with Central Asia. There are large prospecting
groups working in the parts of the southern Urals where the South Siberian line is
to run. Other railway prospectors have krone to the K.arelo-Finnish Republic, the
Far bast, and various other parts of the country. Altogether, four and three--
plea." (OSC01h, in inglish to the United King i=s 14 November 1948)
C. RAIL BRIDGES
1. Rebuilt or Res recd
CPYRGHT
CPYRGHT CPYRGHT.
x94, kilcmeters of railway track and 185,000 kilometers of bridges were
restored in the USSR and in neiabboriniz countries before the and of e "
(From a TABS interview with Soviet transport authority, Academician Vladimir
Obraatsov; in English Morse to North America, 25 November 1947)
"Over 1,200 bridges have been rebuilt, including about 200 large and medium bridges
over the North eta and other rivers. Damage has been made good
I on many junctions in the Lkmbass and voi Agg (basin J.0 (From a talk by
Academician Obraztaov, SOVIET ROME SERVICE, 11 November 1947)
'Some three-billion rubles have been expended in nine months this year for new,
construction and technical equipment of the Soviet railway network. Other
achievements in this field for the nine months include commissioning of 232 kilo-
meters of trunk lines, 629 kilometers of second track, over 1,000 various ra.ilnay
constructions, a series of new power stations restored, new big and medium railway
bridges over the oa. Oni s r, (Scuts), )Lug., and other rivers, and lastly, fully
trunklines, and along all important lines in the Donets industrial center-11 (TAES,
in English Morse to North America, 2 November 1947) CPYRGHT
"12 ESTIA published an interview with the chief of the Bridge Building Department
of the Ministry of Communications, director general of communications and building
of the second rank, Kholin, on the construction and rehabilitation of railvay
bridges. In the course of a year, some 2,000 bridges are to be placed in operation,
including 130 large ones, which are being rebuilt on territory subjected to German
occupation, and 175 large-and medium ones, which are being built anew in the Last,
Siberia, and the Urals. Time, near 2gparoche, where before the war there was a
e being built-the
lopan, a payed hi ? th3 lower, railway bridge." (idO::COY., in Russian to the
Par East, 8 April 1948)
CPYRGHT
CPYRGHT CPYRGHT CONFIDENTIAL
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CPYRGHT
'171he c tpacity of fhct rier., (in LatvJ4.,i) cspeolt1ly t ose producing consumer goods,
V"111 be e vsiae l l inor :sed in t1 w, current ear. In connection vrlth electri--
a ei " ,ion of the xa$lwvy Line connect.:-n& Fign v.ith the seaside, re shall start
or. taf tea e r=:..L' ? b r id ;a agagA t "
a1ial :fuse to ?forth i erl.cri. 27 January 19
CPYRGHT CPYRGHT
bridgos acroet. th
also beil. built
hridito ?,rrrsf< the J"thgr
I 'aa vioc"car and Akxalin4te v i also bo (ow- ;issioi ed this f (TA..
to . ort4 erica, 8 April 1948,
'aa. UIPAE AND TTEC}1 UCAL 1 PROV : ENTS
1. Llectrif'ica Agn
n Obraztlov,, S0V1i.T 1-,0
in iuglish
"lslectrification of railwaps is prroceeding, in i oscov, Leningrad, the Urals, a:nd
the Caucasus. The t? ,r -.'-lbe jv2c ,,i, is being electrified. By the and of
the Five- fear Plan, 7,000 kii omete : ss will have been electrified. The number of
diesel electric and stet loccnnoti.as of new tanner, is inarez e1na nlt the tuna-"
(From a talk by Aeade
CPYRGHT
to... sill be completed
DgMa in the
the`a-ily line connecting
V1CE, 11 November 1947)
"In the postsar Five--'fear Plan, Electrification of thousands of kilometers of
connection is the t/crosfor tior of max.: of the Urals Sad ?JbIrk. In
rmiie:asyz is provided or. One o: the la.rgest works to be oompleted in this
particular, the :n line of No-rosibirek, Omsk, Chelyabinsk, Dema, ... , 20,000
k11om tern ir. lersr,th. This yeiv it is intruded to electrify 556 kilometers of
railway lines." Tb. S, in Rua ;.%an et aicta wion speed to the USSR provincial
press, 10 ket'r: pry 191.8) CPYRGHT CPYRGHT
"A 400 kilom,'ccr uection of tl:a Trrnecauc air:n rail t ik a has been electrified.
Powerful stv araatlined Sovi 3t--buLlt electric 1,co otives are running on... * railways
ea
Plan o rovi:;es for the eI c ',c e of 600 more kilometerg, of " (TABS,
in Englis'~ worse to North America, 20 February 191.8) . CPYRGHT CPYRGHT
"Salnikw, the head of the Central Administration for Railw*y Electrification,
1JS R i9ir ..try of Railways, h&3 trold our oorrerpondent that this year a big
electri.'ication project will oegin in Siberia on the {husk end Tomsk rsi1way .
The severe Siberian frosts, .'he anof slides, ?-;d the lack of water in the
J3orodiao Steppes, hampers heavy traffic goods latween the Urals and the Kuznetsk
da3ir, and an electric railroad betcicen Om" an: Novosibirsk would considerably
iner4ase the volume of traffic. l'; 2ectrificatior. of the Omsk-Novosibirsk line
lady beizun. whil* rioaratory rror:c has bean comnletatad for the Omsk-Tomsk
rgAte. tS OV1ET H04E SL1 V4GE, 26 February 1948)
3aalni.kov, made the following statement to our corr;ispondent: ' ... The electri-
fication of the 2 b' eevo and... railrca:d lines will be completed in
CPYRGHT CPYRGHT
'The chief of the Central ]leetrifieation Admini&tvation of the Railroad 2inistry,
e re o s year. ., sss; an to bo a ?eg ern Asia, 26 1 -1
e rurry
CPYRGHT CPYRGHT
"This year the USSR railway transport topped the pre-war passenger transportation
mark; while compared with 1913, passenger transportation increased more than five-
fold. ... By 1950, 30 percent of all passengers will ae carried by electrical
t.rA i n R, nni4 a not M electrified railways will reach 7.363 kilometers to become
the world's biggest." TASK, in English horse to North America:, 26 February 1948)
"From Georgia we hear that the first section of 30 mileit will be electrified by
;fey 1 on the Transoaueaeian Railw . Altogether, nearly 70 miles are being
electrified on this railway at the present time.' And whS le we are on this subject
his country v?.U have over 4,500 miles
lof electrified track as against 1.200 in 1940."I(izO&COV, in English to North
America, 14 April 1948)
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re been invented for the condensation of steam Into rater and its return
to the boiler, tshich is extremely useful in regions where water is in abort supply.
The overall freight--carrying capacity of the rolling stock has been more than
doubled. New types of trucks,, with self-unloading devices, have been introduced
with a freight-carrying capacity of (30 or 50--word garbled-Ed.) tons. They now
represent more than 25 percent of all the rolling stock. These trucks make it
ossible speed up transportation to a great extent. Automatic devices, such
as the automatic brakee... have made it possible to increase the total Teight of
the trains and to make full use of the freight-pulling capacity of the now types of
powerful locomotives. ... The number of diesel electric and steam locomotives of
is increasing all the time. ;holly metallic trucks have been produced.
The Soviet State is sparing no resources for the building and technical improvement
of transport. Over 0FO billion rubles, almost the sixth part of all capital invest-
ments in the national economy according to the Five-Year Plan, have been allocated
the war have
been repaired during the first 18 months of the new Five-Year Plana (From a talk
by !cademicisri Obraztaov, SOVIET HOME SERVICk, U November 1947
"Our correspondent was told at the USSR Ministry of Transport that this year, diesel
engines will be introduced on the Sochi-Sukhum railvey, and the number of diesel
engines on the Ashkhabad and Ordzhonikidze railways will be considerably increased.
On the Line of Makhach Kala-Astrakhan, diesel engines wall be introduced, and on
the sector of Baskuncbak-Astrakhan of the Ryazan Ural railway. This year a nett,
ttunkline diesel engine will be delivered to the railways. It is type P-2, which
is 2,0 0 horsepower and has a speed of up to 100 kilometers per hour and it is
;49 ovakem of heating allow us use-it in the conditions
of severe Siberian winter.a (SOVIET H0Mk: SERVICE, 5 March 1948) ?CPYRGHT
"A letter to Stalin from the workers of the Latvian SSR states that the following
factories have been reconstructed: the Rigs coachbuilding works, the suipho-
phosphate works, bicycle works, cement works, radio manufacturing work and others..
Amon; the things the industry produced are railway coaches for electric railways,
~fnrirn-.e.l,n r$n ts.7.},Anes of low Power, safety telephone apparatus for the mines. and
I electrical equipment," I (TASS, in Russian at dictation speed to the Soviet provincial
press, 21 November 1947) CPYRGHT CPYRGHT.
*Production of powerful fuel-saving locomotives of the 'L' . series has been started
and special rails for heavy-weight traffic lineal (TASS, in English Morse to
North America, 18 November 1947) CPYRGHT CPYRGHT
"The roily car builders of the Urals have scored a great victory. The Ural
railway car factory has produced the first Soviet... Ondolas with a capacity of
60 tons. They are designed for transporting coal, ore, and building material.
agiz one vorking on
of more Perfect tzondolas with a capacity of 1,20 tans." (SOVIET HOME SERVICE, U
November 1947) CPYRGHT CPYRGHT
(Summary) The workers of the Kharkov transportation machinery plant have produced
a diesel loconotive specially designed for service in th.+ northern EKnd eastern
districts of the country. It has,a special heatiig system, which secures un-
interrupted functioning of'th? locomotive in the most severe frosts. The loco--
motive is now doing trial runs on the railways of Siberia and the Soviet Far East.
(SOVIET HOME SERVICE, 18 March 1948).' In Vladivostok, the first (all electric?)
passenger train arrived from Moscow. The passengers voiced unanimous approval and
extreme a+,tisfaction with this new t e of passenger triiinoar. (MOSCOY, In Russian
to the Soviet Far East, 18 March 1948
"A conference of executives of the Transport Machine Building Industry opened in
Moscow. In his report, Minister of Transport Building industry, NoaenKo, said that
in the current year this industry is faced with major tasks: the number of loco-
CPYRGHT
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motives to be built must be 48 percent larger than last year; that of rolling
stock, practically 80 percent larger; :,nd that of diesel engine locomotives and
passenger railway carriages, 34 percent compared v.ith the past year. Another
task is to considerably step up the construction of river-going vessels. The
reporter emphasized that the Transport Machine Building Industry has been pro-
-mLdad-xLth-&v&vv-tb4nr necessary to of h the current Yw-rls pro *ram over.
and above plan.21 (TA:S, in English Morse to North America, 22 April 1948)
3.:eisoellaneous
"Railway transport... is being prepared for further activity in heavy transport
? i ment. New platforms or hangers in construction are in
I "The Soviet Government has set up scores of higher and ddle ra rt hools
to North America, from an interview with Academician Obraztsov, 23 October 1947)
(Summary) Acting on the initiative of the, Leningrad Institute of Railroad engineers,
the higher educational and scientific institutions of the country are speeding up
their assistance to industry in the matter of introducing new techniques and
raising efficiency. New methods are being devised for the utilization of by-
products in the building material industry. (SOVIET HOi+ki:. SERVICE, 3 February 1948)
E. FULFILlAENT OF RAILY.AY LOADING PLAN
1. First Cuarter (1,48) Gosplan Report for the USSR
(Summary) Railway transport fulfilled the quarterly plan for daily freight loadings
by 103 percent; "the loading plan of individual freight wan not fulfilled." Daily
freight loadings during the first quarter, 1948, increased by 34 percent as
compared with the first quarter, 1947.
Increases in daily loadings of specific freight during the first quarter, 1948,
compared with the same period of 1947, are listed as follows:
salt
81%
grain
51%
flour
72
black metal
45
fodder
62
oil
24
ore
60
coal
15
:,;:'i J: +IIAL
- 12 -
CPYRGHT CPYRGHT CPYRGHT CPYRGHT
(ASHKABAADD, in Russian to the USSF, 9 September 1947)
sport academy." (TABS, in English Morse
2..194 Achievements
Product Loadings:
CPYRGHT
CPYRGHT
According to the 1947 Gosplan Report for the USSR, "U:SR railroads increased daily
rail loadings during 1947 as compared with 1946 by 10 percent. Coal loadings during
i ro?nn nv r c+-1 ]a 11 percent, oil` by 18 percent,
timber by 13'percent,"cement by 50 percent." (SOVIET HOME SERVICE, 18 January 1948)
"The railway transport in 1947 completed the general plan for loading activities.
As compared %ith 1946,-10.6 percent more loading %ork was done last year. The plan
for loading of iron and steel, coke, oil;, various ores, and building materials was
as not completed. The
plan for the loadin of coal was fulfilled 98 arcane." TABS, in Russian at
dictation speed to the Soviet provincial -press, 3 January 1948) CPYRGHT
The General Loading Plan and Specific Railwa s: CPYRGHT
"The general loading r-ork plan was completed, but the plan for the loading of the
most important goods was not completed by the Northwestern, V.estern, Central,
Donets, Caucasian, and Ural--Siberian areas, the Kirov... Leningrad, Kalinin,
Estonian, Brest Litovsk, Southwestern, Yaroslavl, Moscow,-Kiev, North Donets,
Southeastern, Transcaucasian, Ryazan-Urals, Sverdlovsk, South Urals, Omsk, Tomsk
Krasnoyarsk, and East Siberian railways.
"The general loading plan for the most i~aportant goods as completed by the
Central Asian and Volga, the Pechora, Be:Loruasien, Moscovw-Kursk, l~oscoe;-Bendery,
Moscow Circular, Southern.. Stalin, Stalinng-rad, North Caucasian, Ordzhonokidze,
CPYRGHT I~~ RDP~-
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CJ D,
.1` lJ
-13_.
Azerbaijan, the Kui shev the Orenbur Turkestan-Siberian.... Tashkent,
Karaganda railways." TASS, in Russian at dictation speed to the Soviet provincial
press, 3 January 1948) CPYRGHT CPYRGHT
"Chief of the Southwest Railroads, director general Comrade Molchanov, said.
'Having completed in 1947 the loading plan, railroad workers loaded more than
20,000 trucks before the New Year. The assignment for locomotive and rail wagons
repair been rd. 135 enterprises of the rallror'd
completed the yearly plan'in 10 months.'* (KIEV, in Russian, 4 January 1948)
"Chief of the administration for the Far Eastern railvay.area, Korchatenko, told
the correspondent that all railroad lines in the Far East coped successfully with
the ship4.-ing of freight. He said that during the first five days of January,
important materials. in excess " (SOVIEZ. HOME SERVICE,
5 January 1948
3. Third Quarter, 1947
Gosplan Report for the USSR:
CPYRGHT CPYRGHT
CPYRGHT
"The average daily loading of coal increased by 17 percent, oil by 19 percent, ore
n
by 23 percent, and cement 28 percent (so compared with the same Reriod, 1946)
TTIOW1, in English Morse to North America, 16 October 1947)
GpaPlan Report for the RSFSR: CPYRGHT CPYRGHT
"The increase in the transport of freight during the third quarter of 1947 as
compared with the same Period of 1946 was 116 ereent the increase in the
or passengers was percent.- VET HOME SERVICE, 16 October 1947)
4. Scheduled Expansion by 1950
CPYRGHT CPYRGHT
"By 1950, the freight turnover of the railways, waterways, and motor transport will
exceed by 36 percent the prewar figures. The USSR will attain first place in the
From a talk by
cian Obraztsov, TASS, in English Morse to North America, 23 November 1947)
1I. AL-AND RIVER TRANSPORT
A. RESTORATION OF THE INLAND RIVER SYSTEM
CPYRGHT
"The great Fatherland War inflicted many severe trials and heavy losses upon river
transport. The enemy destroyed over 4,000 ships, ruined 200 ports and landing
stages, and 90 shipping yards and work shops. The enemy had been on the Dnieper
and the Don, and was approaching the Volga. Dneproges lay in rains. Th? Svirsk
look was destroyed, just as the locks of the lower reaches of the Yhite Sea-
Baltic canal, the weirs of the Manych waterways, and the-power-stations of the
Dnieper-Bug canal. ... Now the White Sea-Baltic and Dnieper-Bug canals are
humming with activity; ships are plying.freely through the Dnieper lock from the
ports of Belorussia to the Black Sea; the Manych waterway is progressing fast and
soon ships will be able to reach the depths of the Salsk steppes. ... It can
be said that by the end of the second year of the new Five-Year Plan, the rebuilding
of all'the large river its and
(From a talk by Comrade Shashkov, Liinister of River Transport of the USSR,
SOVIET H0LE SERVICE, 21 October 1947)
"A decision on restoration and further development of inland shipping has been
taken by the Ministry of Inland Waterways of the USSR. Many large wharves in the
Russian Federation, Ukraine, and Baltic Republics are to be completely restored and
reconstructed and new ones built during 1948-1950. A number of new ship-repair
yards are to be built. "ithin the next three years,, all ports are to be out-
d to the
development of river shipping in the eastern areas of the t " (TASS, in
English Morse to North America, 14 December 1947) (Partially unintelligible [come
Service broadcasts of 15 September 1947 mentioned Shcherbakov,(?ybinsk) and
Kherson in reference to s?; chrestoration. )
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(Swzeoary) The ship "Karl Marx" navigated the Dnieper for 50 years, carrying e
total of more than u Million -passengers and some 5 million tons of freight.
sunk in 1940, as the enemy was approaching, It was later raised ,nd now has been
transformed into a freight--carrier. (S0V1LT RO. ELRVICL, 23 i:,rch 1948)
"Ship-raising squads of the ministry of inland V.'ater Transport hive started their
work. This year they till have to complete raising of r:11 chips sunk during the
&triotio iar and thus fully free rivers and lakes for navigation. ... The most
extensive nork will be carried out this year on the rivers of the i3eltic
republics, on the Dnieper, Onega, and Ladoga: In Ladoga Lake, divers ,:ill examine
o besieged Leningrad." (TASL, in E &iish horse to North America, 8 :Lprii 1948)
I "This year the total length of navigable inland s interview with Academician Obraratsov, in Lnglish
horse to North America, 23 October 1947)
CPYRGHT CPYRGHT
8. I,XPAHSION Of TU INLAND RIVER RETVORK (ACTUAL AND PLANNED)
1. jil&raxement of River Syst?*s CPYRGHT CPYRGHT
By 1946, the length of usable waterways exceeded the prewar figure and the building
of powerful hydro-electric stations in Ugliah and Shoherbakovo increased the
depth of the Volga. ... The building of new hydro-pourer stations on the Kama,
the upper reaches of the Oka, the Kura, and the Irtysh, signifies definite
shipping improvement on these rivers. The building of the deep-water Volga-
Baltic water .v, interru try the wsr_ as ao ugain on the agendc; this will form
talk by Comrade Shashkov Minister of River Transport of the USSR, SOVIET li0 E
SERVICE, 21 October 1947; CPYRGHT CPYRGHT
'In 1948, the Chief Administration of the Hydro-Electric Poker Stations of the
USSR ministry of Electric Power Stations will begin preparatory 'ork for the
construction of a new"hydro-electric power station an the Volga in the neighbor-
hood of the town of Gorky. The assistant chief of the construction department
of the power stations told our TASS correspondent: '...its annual output will
exceed hundreds of millions of kilowatt hours for the factories and towns of
this industrial region. The great River (Volga) will be dammed and this will
raise the water level by 15 meters. A largo eater reservoir will thus be formed
containing about four billion cubic meters of water. This will greatly improve
shipping along the middle Volga. For the passage of ships, a two-chamber lock
has been planneu. At the construction site of the new power station, some
7,000,000 cubic meters of earth will have to be removed and 16,000,000 cubic
to be installed.
1pose'r station willbegin sork In 1953.1 TABS, in Russian at dictation speed to
the Soviet provincial .press, 11 December 1947) CPYRGHT CPYRGHT
015,000 kilometers of minor Ukrainian rivers will be navigable this year. Navi-
gation on some of them is being opened and the volume of goods. and p+.asengers to
,!!,!?~sp_orted by river transportation means will be n y innreastui thin
Year. l , n ssian, 9 April 1948)
'The three main Siberian rivers. lrtvsh
SOVIET }I0 k SERVICE,
CPYRGHT CPYRGHT
2. Technical Improvements; New River and Sea, oia,, Ships
"The river fleet has been supplemented by many new types of craft, including
self-propelled barges. Thanks to the energy and steadfastness of the well-known
Capt. Goldstein, who led through the basin of the Arctic Ocean a flotilla of
self-propelled barges to the Ob and Irtysh, it has now become possible to
organize siift goods-transport lines in the Eastern basin as well. Boat-building
s have been launched for the pnieRer other n (From a talk by
Comrade Shashkov, Minister of River Transport of the USSR, SOVIET HOM1 SERVICE,
21 October 1947)
CPYRGHT
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pbulliitng yards have completed a seagoinn motor tug, the 'Gvaardects.
is the first ship built in Latvia after a three-year intearval ... The
deets' Is propelled by a diesel engine of 500 horseparyer, end during the
apkad of 1-1 knots. She w.11-1 1pave an her first triD--ta
T HOSE SERVICE, 2 September 191+7)
CPYRGHT
Soviet river 1.nd seagoing ships have been acuipped with diesel
s generally recognized that Soviet high-speed diesels which were
used on a mass eoale for the first time during the war are the most econeaaioaal
in the r.orld. ftesia n engineers mere pioneers in application of aieasel engines
in many fields. ... ftuteiaQne were the first to use reversive ship diesel
engines .(sie) which were inmtn3led for the first time nn t tab rine , in 1418."
to North .erica, 3 October 1947) CPYRGHT CPYRGHT
ear Poaaporoshe (?) a now shipbuilding center is being emetructed. Several
sarorkships have been coanstructed, narro'W gae railway lines for local transport
laid, and a shipyard built. This will be one of our biggest shipbuilding centers
for wooden ships. 'ooder, parts will be repaired and sent.to other shipyards.,
oral young workers are already working on a Stakhennovite basis."I (LENINGRAD
in Russian, 28 October 1947)
(Summary) The collective of the shipbuilding plant 'Krasnoe ...' marked 18 kpril
with a new production victory. On that day it launched ;s -tassels. The first
diesel ship has built in the course of 6 months. The sixth and seventh were built
in 25 days, while a tugboat was launched in 9 days. (MOSCo , in Russian to the
Soviet Far Fist, 20 April o1948) CPYRGHT CPYRGHT
"A number of large enterprises, including the Kiev works 'Leninakaye Kuznitaas,'
(and) the Kalinin carriage works, are doing especially fine work. Comrade
Rubinchik, director of the 'Kraanoe Sornovo' works, stated that the personnel
is using now a. now method of assembling ships, and as a result, shipbuilding
C. CANALS CONNECTED 1:ITH IR1UGATI0N FRhJECTS
(SOVIET HO1. L SI RVICE, 22
CPYRGHT CPYRGHT
"In the Kuban Valley, the 50-kilometer-long Nevinnomysskaya Canal was launched
during the holidays. This canal will connect the Kuban River citth the Bolshoi
Egorlyk River. The new canal, which is called by the peasants ~RRiver of Happiness,'
-will irrigate the most arid part of the grain-growing districts of Stavropol
territory and the Rostov region. Construction of the canal involved the excavation
of 9 million cubic meters of earth, the building of a 152-meter-long dam, the,
blasting of a 6-kilometer tunnel through the mountain. The construction of one
hydro-power station is nearing completion and the foundation for another one is
being laid on the canal. The construction of an 18-kilometer canal connecting
iet in the
I North Caucasus. The canal will irrigate 5,000 hectares of " (TAGS, in
English Morse to North America, 10 November 1947)
D. UISCE; LANEOUS
(Summary) According to the 1947 Gosplan Report for the USSR, the inland fleet
fulfilled the 1947 plan by 102 percent, and inland waterways cargoes increased by
23 percent compared with 194-6. (SOVIET ROHL SERVICE, 18 January 1948)
(Summary) Dnieper navigation is expected to open much earlier this year. The
Kiev and Dnepropetrovsk dry docks, as well as some other Dnieper ports, have
already completed the overhauling of more than 250 ships and brought to an end
the overhauling of port facilities. (SOVIET HOME SERVICE, 11 February 1948)
(Summary) Navigation opened today on the Dnieper River. (SOVIET HOME SERVICE,
12 Ureh 1914)
"Navigation has begun on the rivers of the Soviet Union.. Freight is being trans-
ported along the whole course of the Dnieper and its tributaries, the Neva and
Don. From Astrakhan to the north, along the Volga, fleets of ships are proceeding
up as far as Saratov. The first passenger ship, 'Pushkin,' is leaving today from
Gorky to the port of Shcherbakov. The passenger ship 'Vologdarsky' is
leaving Astrakhan today. The Oka is clear of ice, the Kama and its tributr~rie>:a
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are xa1so free of ice. The $heksna end Sukhona ere also free of ice. The first
fleet of ships has left Vologda. The first yips are shortly to lerve Chereposte
(Cherepovits?). The Reloozersky Canal of the (Lariinskq?) system has begun to
fill ri#.h meter. The reoainin,g waterers of the 'stem will start to fill in a
Few, days. On the upper reaches of the Ob, lrtysh, and parts 'of the !enisei, ice
as begun to break up. The irtyeh at (Ukeimi Bf:lztkins?) hats been cleared of ice.
Russian at dictation speed to thWUR
CPYRGHT
CPYRGHT CPYRGHT CPYRGHT
A. SEAPORT RA&TORATIC2I; NU CASPIAN CANAL
'Large-scale rebuilding is going on in the Odessa Port; it is alreiidy more
pos-erful than before the oar. Thecapacity of Odessa Port cranes is 15 times
higher than before the war. ... There is a crane which lifts 113 tons. Shortly
all. cranes will work on electricity. Thousands of meters of cables htive already
been laid here. In a few years time, the whole territory of the port rill be
asphalted, an elevator capable of lifting 50,000 tone of grain will be built here
Special ship-repairing yards will be built here. A special harbor, new rRilvays,.
and a passen
er rai3
w
t
ti
g
.
ay s
a
on will be built. Odessa Port will become one of th
has 2.. a he ---I j V .L- -- - ~_ . _ _ _ -
"Lately Tallin Port... facilities, which had been g-r*.vely damc:ged by Germans,
have been fully restores and increased three-fold.... Lend and floating electrical
and steam cranes which wore destroyed... by Invaders have been a.lveged from see
bottom. The po+'erful 'Titan= crane which was sunk and bristled with mines has
also been raised from the bottom. It has been repaired now and r,orks to full
wwnw --t -&- M-- -L1 _ _ . ?
end t4ikhelina r
wive a.Lr=cW peen ssalvaged.q TABS, in English Morse to North America, 30
ntrnmhnw 1 A l+7
CPYRGHT
"A kilometer-long canal cutting the (Kizilsu?) strip-k? lend in the Caspian
Sea was completed in four months by the Caapicn Fleet excavator ships. The first
lar
e fi
hi
h
g
s
ng s
ips have passed through the canal into the Say of (Dikovich?).
The ........1 .... -j
th, tea #: v from ti
(SOVIET HM IF, Sp~VICE. 5 November 1 Q/.7
S. FULF1LLWT 01 PLANS
CPYRGHT
(Summary) The Merchant marine fulfilled the 1947 plan by 180 percent, and merchant
marine cargoes increased by 15 percent compared with 1946. (From the 1947
Gosplan Report for the USSR, SOV1LT HOML CFRVICE, 18 January 1948)
(Summary) Sea transport fulfilled the-quarterly plan for freight turnover by
116 pern:ent, and freight turnover increased during the first qut:rter, 194x8, as
compared with the same period, 1947, by 60 percent. (From the first quarter,
1948, Goaplan Report for the USSR, SOVIET H014i; SERVICE, 15 April 1948)
C. ARCTIC ROUTE, OPERATIONS CPYRGHT CPYRGHT
"The Collegium of the Head Administration of the Northern Sea Route and the
central committee of the Northern Sea Route T orkers Trade Union have awarded
Providence Bay Port a Red Challenge banner and first prize for leading in the
'I:hiv-A rfll.1A+mv.t. , . _ -
SOVIET Hti1E SkRVICE, Arctic transmission, ... October,
"The crew of the S.S. 'Dekabrist,' under the command of Captain Comrade Krems,
is currently completing a trip via the great Northern Sea Route.... Together
with the rest of the Soviet people, these Seamen are anxious to fulfill their
socialist obligations. ... They are now near the final stage of their trip
through the Arctic to deliver a cargo to the port of Archangel. ... The results
of their work so far during the current Arctic navigation season, despite severe
ice conditions, vouchsafe the fulfillment of the obligations assumed by these
seamen (to complete the delivery of cargo to Archangel by 30 October 1947)
CONF1D ZIT1AL
CPYRGHT--
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"Thanks to adequate preparations, the CS 'Dekabrist' was the first to visit
the Arctic ports during this year's navigation season, and it delivered a
large quantity of valuable cargo. The eoheduled cargo quota waa fulfilled by
the vessel 3.16 percent and the passenger transport quota 160 percent. The crew
also
ti
an ac
ve part in loading operations. Thus, when the loading of
(cargo.bsjsn) to bog down, the seamen... decided. to load the coal,thepselves.
They quickly loaded 1,854 tons of coal, greatly exceeding the scheduled loading
rate. ... The crew saved 115 tons of coal and... kiloms of lubricating oil.
"Each month,, the re ults of the socialist competition ^f irnrdiv d
J
u
d shi.ps at see, 13 October 1947)
D. OP W110 S OF THE FAR EASTERN STEAMEfI1P TRUST
1. 29"r-Aptions of Cargo Loaiug CPYRGHT CPYRGHT CPYRGHT
"The Steamer 'fodina' (Fatherland) recently arrived In Ugolnaye. Bay on the
Chukhostski coast to loads cargo of coal. Dishing to aid the doekv;orkers to
process the ship ahead of time, the crew of 'Rodin' took an active part in
loadin
operati
g
ons,,.. unloading the port barges es fast as they pulled up at
the shipeide. The a result, the port workers were able to fulfill their c uotr:.s
130 percent. The leading was completed September 23. The personnel of our port
notes with rsat ~i ra4`nwr ~ .,., th
_-
e
.e a. ( SIBERIAN PRESS DISPATCH, in Russian jloree to
t
ti
s
a
on;
and ships at see, 3O September 1947)
CPYRGHT
e seamen of the S.S. 'Novorossiysk' are preparing to celebrate the 30th
CPYRGH an anniversary of the great October Revolution-in a worthy meaner. Carrying
Arctic out
assignment, the crewmen... by themselves, unloaded 3,500 tons of car
and put in a total of 1,600 man-hours in crane operations. In the face of the
J ercent.a tSlBERL PRESS DISPATCH, in Rusiian -Worse to all stations and
DS at Set..- 7 Oct bar '197)
2. Fnel Conservation Cumnaisn
CPYRGHT
"(Directive) of the Steamship Trust on all ~pestions dealing with the
rationalized and economical consumption of all types of fuel and lubricants:
"The basic problems are these: (1) utilization of all available reserves
as regards horsapoweri speed, and cargo-carrying capacity; (2) checking
the technical, conditions of the boilers and fuel with a viev, to
determining their moat effective utilization; (3) making any possible
additiems to available thereto-Aynamio data; (4) carrying out suggestions
dealing with increased fuel economy and the replacement of long-haul fuel
by locally-available varieties; (5) passing. on to others the experience of
outstanding fighters in the struggle for fuel conservation and extensive
work of popularization of the aims of this campaign.
"A special 'general staff' under the leadership of the chief engineer of
the Steamship Trust has been set up by the Trust for the purposes of gu3
and inspection. It is.indispensible that mass meetings be held aboard each
ship, at which the various fuel conservation measures can be discussed and
explained to the crew. A general compliance check will thereupon be
instituted. The list of fuel conservation measures adopted in each case is
to be reported to the General Staff, along with the confirmations of
compliance.
"During the ships' lay over at Vladivostok, local employees and engineers
will make a second check of the extent to which the general directives have
b
foll
d
een
owe
and report any changes to the General Staff. By October 15,
the ne 1 4- _l A.%-- ---- - ~ -_
(SIBERIAN PRESS D18PATCH from VLADIVOSTOK
,
in Russian Morse to all stations and ships at sea, 1 October 1947)
CPYRGHT
CPYRGHT
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CPYRGHT CPYRGHT
3. "? t s for 19h8': 12AZ rign Not gulf
In the proaable to the following "pledges" of the Far Eastern Steamship Trust
workers, it is.admitted that the Trust `"failed to fulfill the 1947 plan." The
seamen, "filled with a desire to Bork better," join in the by-now standard pledge
to complete the Five-Tear Plan in four years.' The listed "obligations" are
contained in a directive "to all ship captains of the Far 1r.astern Steamship
Trust, first mates, secretarier, of Party organizations, seoretcries of Komsomol
units, and chairmen of the shipboard committees," signed by Mezentsev:
"%9 are assuming the following obligations: (1) to fulfill the annual freight
transport quota of 1948 by the day of the Stalin Constitution, December 5;
to carry an additional 100,000 tons of cargo by the end of the year; to re#ch,
in 1949, the freight transport levels scheduled to be reached in 1950. (2) to
effect, in 1948, a saving of 20,000 tons of fuel and 50,000 kilograms of
lubricants as against established norms. (3) to salvage, reprocess and. re-
utilize 70 tons of used lubricants during the year 1948. (4) to increase the
delivered horsepower of an ship engines and other poorer-generating in-
stallations 3 percent as compared with their rated performance. (5) to increase
the 21P-hour average speed of all ships by 2 percent. (6) to carry out self-
overhauling operations, by the erev;s' own efforts, to a total vvealuc of 8
million rubles by drydock rates during 1948; to process-by the creeps' oon
efforts---150,003 tons of cargo, and to put in a total of 150,000 man-hours
in operating loading winches. (7) to achieve a saving of 650,000 rubles
through the adoption of constructive efficiency suggestions and inventions.
(8 to increase the total ton mile performance by 10 percent above schedule.
(9 to out the production cost per ton-mile by 3 percent and to place not less
than 10 percent of the ships on a self-paying basis. (10) to out the duration
of each trip by 4rcent as against schedule. (11) to increase the useful
loan cccff.:jant 1 bulk goods by 2 percent.. (12) to have not less than
25 percent of?the ships in service on regular lines. (13) by organizing
technical training classes on shipboard and on shore, to raise the qualifica-
tions of the personnel, in 1948,... (14) to extend telephone service to all
the docks of the port of Vladivostok and insure full radio communication with
all passenger nhipa; to insure constant contact with ships in port or on the
equenc - radio telephone
ruas.nn Morse to ati stations rnd gips at sea, 9 March 1948)
"...the work of the Far Eastern Steamship Trust for the month of October... has
recently been totalled. Both in terms of tonnage end of ton-miles, the Plan was
not fulfilled. On the basis of establishing technical standards, the ships'
crews effected a saving of 305.6 tons of fuel and 2,756.2 kilograms of lubricants.
Nineteen ships attained register category. The total amount of self-overhauling
operations effected by the crews of 34 ships represent the sum of 759,472 rubles.
The beat production record was achieved by the steamer 'Stalingrad' of which
e Political Assistant, F.nd Comrada
Le.4crento the President of the Ship Comiittee." SIBERIAN PRESS DISPATCH,. in
ss an worse to a31 stations and ships at sea, 14 November 1947)
4. May Dan P3.0gas f e 'Stalingrad' CPYRGHT CPYRGHT
"As the steamer 'Stalingrad' was leaving for its regularly-scheduled trips the
crew members held a mass meeting to consider their current production- assignments.
It was decided to consecrate the trip to the great international workers' holiday
of May Daffy and to complete the trip four days ahead of schedule. Other obligations
assumed by the crewmen included the following: (1) to take on board 10 percent
more cargo than scheduled; (2) to utilize the loading and unloading period for
overhauling operations in the engine room;'(3} to make a maximum use of all
available cubic space in the ships' holds; (4) to overhaul the ships' sanitary
facilities: to achieve
1BERIAN PRESS DISPATCH, in Russian Morse to all stations and ships at sea,
19 April 1948)
5. K 1 ver P es of the 'Kura e '
'The young seamen of the motorship 'Klara Zetkin' assumed a number of obligations
in honor of the forthcoming anniversary of the foundation of the Komsomol, which
falls on October 29 next. They decided to strive for an effective saving of fuel
~9I4 cV AIR4P , CPYRGHT
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0in-P'iDi IT1 L
 Approved For Release 1 RtP78-04864A00Q5jRQ%%006-8
CPYRGHT
CPYRGHT
and lubricants and to assist in loading and unloading operations, Each member
of the Komsomol is to it in an extra 260 boars in helping to load and unload
6. On
7. O verh ,ul.1gigg o thy D. Loz !
"Thee flaming ambition of our seamen is being daily translated into facts. - The
seamen of the Steamer 'Lozovski' who last year initiated the socialist competition.
for the advance fulfillment of annual shipping quotas, are again shoving a keen
interest-not only in their own performance but also in that of other ships as vel.l.
The Losovski is currently undergoing a thorough overhauling in drydook and the
seamen have appealed to the workers of the Sov-Gavan dyrdock to speed up reprAre
as much as possible so as to reduce to a minimum the time during v,hieb the ship
Will be laid un _' To s
ed u
th
p
p
e
olloming note'rort
Koamsao of members
19 - CPYRGHT
RESS DISPATCH, in Russian Norse to &.ll s.,ationsan
~
) CPYRGHT
the Komsomol
io of the_ 'asr EasjpMm Stea shin TrU6t
"ob Igations" were undertaken by hair Eastern 8utearaship
honor of the Komsomol anniversary, 29 October:
"Ye pledge ours elves; to assume specific obligations for the fulfillment
of our freight quotes for 1948 and have each Komsomol member fend each young
seaman take an active part in the socialist competition for the fulfillment
of the Five-Year Plan in four yesrC; to, or cnize Komsomol youth watches Find
brigades on each vessel and get all young seamen zithout exception to take
part in this work; to set up not less than 'two Stakhanovite schools; ... to
ha ie each member of the Komsomol real a his qualifications by one grade;. to
develop extensively the system of correspondence training of young specialists
for the further improvement of their qualifications; to have each member : of
the Komsomol and each young seaman thoroughly master the operation of to ding
winches; to have each Komsomol member and each young seam= pass a:-n exam do
in safety technic ue with a mark of not less than 'good'; to have each member
of the Komsomol and each young seaman earn a rating of not less than 'good' in
the politics]. studies conducted by the shipboard study groups of the Komsomol;
to have each young se en set an example of strict observiLace of c;orcing
difficipliae on shipboard; ... to complete by July 1, 1948 the ec uippin , of
the 'Vodnik' watering station; ... to set up a g '0ssovjakb ,m t a.borlyd
each ahi in t&t for the Komsomol ive sa et of lest then 30
percent of than young
as succeSisfull
a
s
third class ... to establish liaison with the Pociet r for the Propagation of
Po it oal send Scientific d get efiChIhIghg=d ' the
ec s o current (SIBi,R]jj
.i ES DISPATCH, in Rusni.an !.gorse to all atetions and ships at coat 20 April
191,,8) _
CPYRGHT CPYRGHT
--
-
---_ -~._....~...., .... ?~?.avsRU wVJ:".`St3 Gal Fi.l.l. a37.aw'W.OnS
and ships at sea, 15 April 1948)
MISCa>US CPYRGHT CPYRGHT CPYRGHT
s During Ma ch and l
CPYRGHT
"1t is reported from Leningrad that the ship repairmen of the Konoperski ship
repair docks are asuccesepully fulfilling the obligations they had. assumed in
honor of MAY Day. The semen of the motorship ' Griboyedov' transported, during
the month of April (sic), 6,000 tons of cargo over and above schedule. The
seamen of the steamers 'Kazan' and 'Beruta' csonsidera
assignments and sire effecting ~y exceeded their quarterly
systematic savings of fuel and lubricants.
"The seamsea of the Caspian aaain 8uoce3sN13,y carried out their monthly for March, both in terms of tons and ton-miles.s
*(iiote; A number of Siberian press dispatches intercepted in recent months have
cited the seamen of the S.S. 'Lozovski' as being among the leaders of a movement
for the progressive economizing of motor lubricants. They hadpledged themselves
not to permit the ship to be laid up for repairs.)
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 Approved For Release 19 Mo$! P78-04864A000IOO 61 5988
rPVPr-WT
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20
"The Murmansk Steamship Trust has completed its quotas for the month. So have
the ships of the Sakhalin Steamship Trust. The engine-room crew of the steamer
'General Chernyakhovak~y' of the Black Sea Steamship Trust, has achieved, under
the leadership of its chief, Bevpalov, considerable success in raising the
cultural and technical-exploitation stardards aboard the vessel. The first
, THE SAKSALIN SEAMAN
stations and ships at sea, 19 April 1948)
Pledge of thuatmoat Factory Yorkers CPYRGHT CPYRGHT CPYRGHT
"An appeal of the workers of tho gunboat factory and of the ship equipment plant
to all workers, engineers, technicians, and employees of the ship-repair plants
and wharves of the itinietry of the Merchant fleet. 'Dear Comrades: Together with
all the workers of Leningrad, vie, the corkers, engineers, technicians, and employees
of the gunboat building and repair plant and the ship equipment factory of the
Baltic Steamship Trust assumed the obligation to fulfill our quotas for the second
year of the Stalin Five-Rear Plan by November 7. We are happy to inform you that
we have kept our word. The ship equipment factory of the Baltic Steamship Trust
fulfilled its plan 100.4 percent by October 7. ... Nov;, in the. various departments
of our plants, another socialist competition has broken out. pith renewed vigor,
in honor of election day to the local Soviets, we pledge ourselves to give the
nation, during the remainder of this year, 3,000,000 rubles forth of production in
the gunboat plant and 2,000,000 rubles rortb in the ship equipment plant. Dear
Comrades! The great upsurge of socialist competition in the merchant .Fleet and
our great production spurt justify the belief that the output of the.doinistry of
thA Kant Fleet till fulfill
'" SIBERIAN PRESS DISPATCH, in Russian ;gorse stations and ships at
sea, 14 November 1947)
IV. An CPYRGHT CPYRGHT
"Air :aarshall Zhavoronkov, speaking to a TASS reporter on the role of civil
aviation, said: 'Look at an air communications map of the Soviet Union and you
will see hundreds of airlines from the remotest corners of the country converging
on Moscow and the capitals of the Union Republics.- A nearly.7,000 kilometer
line... stretches from Moscow to Khabarovsk. Thousands of tons of express freight
and scores of thousands of passengers are carried by air from the center of the
country to the Far East. ... Before the war, the total volume of freight and.
passenger air traffic will exceed the pros-var total more than five-fold. Net
airlines have linked Moscow with the Far East the Urals Siberiap Central Astir.,
COW ? , English Morse to North America, 9 October 1947)
"USSR route 1-851, via Stalingrad, Baku, and the Caspian $ea, vJth the point of
destination at Ashkhabad, capital of Turkmenia. In the ft:ture this air-route
Will be served by 'ilyushin-12' plane, which can cover the Moscow-Ashkhabad
stretch in 11 hours, whereas the fastest train makes this distance in 6 days.
Comfortable express airliners are now also serving the 14osoow-Khabarovsk and
Moscow-,Kursk routes. Planes now arrive in Yakutsk and arrive in Moseorl on the
third day after leaving Khabarovsk and Yakutsk. Fast passenger planes have been
introduced for the first time in the airlines service between Moscow and
Novosibirsk, Moscow and Irkutsk, and Moscow and Krasnoyarsk. Planes arrive in
Krasnoyarsk and Irkutsk on the second dcy. The Floscor.-Novosibirsk airline is
V, in Russian to Soviet
"The Assistant Director of Civil Aviation... (stated that).in 1947, Soviet civil
aviation carried 30 percent more passengers and freight than in 1946. ... Last
year, transport airplanes carried tens of thousands of tons of various industrial
equipment... and materials needed to insure launching of new projects strictly
on time and for fulfillment of production plans by various big factories. Aviation
played an important role in the fight for a high harvest. During soy-ing and
hRrvesttng eampaigns, many urgent cargoes were delivered to agricultural areas by
air. After completion of harvester combines to the Altai, where a bumper crop
2'os
s s : nom remote o es of the extreme " (TAG.S,
orse horth America, 2 January 1948)
CPYRGHT
CPYRGHT CPYRGHT
A rY l or Release 1 ,~I1 RBP78-04864A000100060006-8
 Approved For Release I 99 OI D, ~A;R~E78-04864A0001000602,R18A2g
CPYRGHT
CPYRGHT
"0n April 27, a passenger plane "U& R-1378," piloted by Denisov, arrived in
Khabarovsk from Moscow. The flight lasted 23 hours and 20 minutes. This in-.
auCurates the regular air traffic along; the longest air route in the Soviet Union-
iiorcov-Khabarovsk. Heretofore, this 6,685 :Wile air routs lasted three drys and three':
a are d .cetini this ,fit, 2t to way first. The plane ve flew was designed by Soviet
en sov s alr&Up left for oaeow este ds " (Ao;.COk, in
Russian to Soviet i,estern Asia, 28 April 1948)
"... Direct connections by express planes will be me-,de for the first time between
Novosibirsk., Sverdlovsk, Jalma Ata,' Tashkent, Ashkhabad and (nume) and iiineralnye
Voter. Fast air mail flights are being orec-nized on the line connecting )oeeow with
Khabarovsk, Tashkent end Alcu+-Ata. The republican, regional and territorial air
routes are undergoing considerable expansion. Air services are established between
(SOVIY IM A SK1VIG1r, 2d April 1948)
CPYRGHT
CPYRGHT CPYRGHT CPYRGHT
V. i?OOAl~iO~ IRG
"The building of roads in our provinces is progressing rapidly. In :(Liman?) Province
the plan has been fulfilled.by 106 percent. Craws are doing thorough work and props,-.
gandists are carrying out their duties, touring regional roadbuildine units Pnd ex--
plaining to them the political, economic, anca national importance of their Cork. In
(A;swisk?) District 87 percent of the roadbuilding plan v'as completed, while in
(PolLgrssir7) District, d4 percent. Furthermore there is a new factor which explains
these successes. It is the new law which allows participation in the York of the
district's population with remuneration from the Government.
"In (Delgradesk, Siliskj and... regions the rocdbuilding plan has not been fulfilled
according to the plan. This is due to inefficiency of the supervisors, 'ho have not
carried out instructions. They fail to attend Soviet meetings and train their teame
inadequately. Thus results shoe: that only 60 percent of the work was carried out.
For this inefficient these re ional committees should be referred to Soviet courts.
".sometimes the executive committees are not obeyed b.v workers, as for instance during
the repair of 100 meters of road near Ismail station square. kith a vier., to economizing
the executive committee had ordered that unused coal be employed for the foundation
instead of asphalt. This required special preparatory work. This was not done,
neither was traffic halted for the necessary length of time. The result ves a
complete failure. Authmn will bring new road problems; these will be rains, and
transport on roads will be exceedingly.... Thus there will be the important problem
of road upkeep. In order to do this, district populations till have to be brought
to work on these roads; instructions will have to be given by village and province
committees to all those who can be useful in the work on roads. Communist youth and
P014 t7 rnization c rill have
ments." (ISaesll,, in ituscian to the OUR., 16 September 1947
CPYRGHT
"An l`VESTIA editorial is devoted to the problems of roadbuilding. The article says
that in the past years Soviet roadbuilaers, with the help of the local population,
have done much to form a network of automobile roads. However, what has been done
fails to satisfy the grorcin needs of our country. Now, when the whole country is
mobilizing its forces for the early completion of the postwar Five-Peer Plan, the
problem of liquidating the lack of roads is becoming sharply acute. The national
economic plan for 1948 envisages large-scale road construction. Thousands of kilo-
meters of new automobile roads must be constructed, and tens of thousands of ki7.o-
mot9rs of roads already constructed must be repaired.
"The roadbuilders are in possession of the necessary material and technical facilities
for the fulfillment of the tasks facing them. Road-machine stations dill operate this
year in many regions. This will permit an increase in the level of mechsnifetion
of roadbuilding. In some.areas of the country? and in the south primarily, roed-
CPYRGHT
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aie~;~;tl l 1~ !iL
22
building, find road--repsi: !rig bavo alrefdy 'raeevn. This dill secume a lsr e-sci-le
ch rooter w fie the. ra;1 of the pir:niij g, then the rondbuilrlers T:iU be e.esisted
by the local population. ?reperat7 on iruet be made for this. plane for. the
i nil 1 ig of roe^:io :gust be drafted, and conditions which will .permit the un
aotiditional Pulfilli-aent of tilr, plane must be erected.
nThe Mork of ro d'ouild.;a does not end frith their eon truetion. Arrangements must
be tnrde to c ;rry out the tork of -saintens nce in time, and to do it tell. Attention
r: tst be kcid to tho nc.i.ntc.ncnce of road; ?adinr to cities, villages, vr:ilroad
stations, sna various receiving points. The local Soviets and the permanent road
ca a,ilssion must bear Vao rosponwihility for the construction of the ro! de. It, ix
their t* v : to fai uleris the red rkable a :amvlc of. -the Chks.:lov, Rostov, Etavropo3
colloctivo f z nzcrs, :rim had decided th v F,ith tits car.~nplotion of the sc ing plans,
they vd.U en d&e in road :ark. There ic: -no doubt that the t'orkera of the other- ? '
regions o . tb country warmly support this example, v.ill organize mass-wale
ruovc:ac nts toward road work, axed will. enter the sooia3 st competition for the rul-
f'ilLment hd overfulfill.tent of the rordbuilding program in this third year of
the postwar five-Year Pl u.
"Deputies and actiop comuitteer of the local Soviets must- become the ore, nitors
of the... of roads. Roodtraildiri, states the editorial, is an important' state
affair. It is the important problem faced by the local Soviets. The All-EiusFien
Can oronco of Roadbuildero trhieh came to azn and it aroe cow yesterday pointed out
eftevr&& 4-;Or Q1. iiprovemen V of roadbuildin and the necessity of carr_~ine these
measures cut.0 fCOCO, int Rite; .ion to the Soviet Far East,,,- 24 April 1948)
1. ruuisix
CPYRGHT
"The Genera Prosecutor? a Office has clear ed F number of employees of he ial stry
of Railvyay Trcnapart with a criminal attitude to=rdc rs.ilnay equipmen -, end . th
allowing impermissible delays on tracks and stations.. The head of one rail% t:oz .-
a bop was sentenced to two yearst imprisownt by the i)ilita.ry Tiibunal of
Stalingrad line for permitting prolonged delays in the `handling of `tru. -s. ive
other heads of various factories have also received sentences of up one its
inpris*onmcnt for similar offences. Inveatiga.tions continue into other -- . -*.-? I
(TAM.,
in Lussien at 4ictation'speed to the USSR provincial press, '4 October 1947)
2. Dolt; p in raparaj.on for winters CPYRGHT .CPYRGHT
''Certain fasts testify that in a number of places, all too max y . Party org .ni l.ations
''ail to take the necessary trouble to create stable conditions for insuring that
industrial enterprises continue to work in a rythmie manner during the 'tinter
months. ... Lagging preparations for' continuing work under winter conditions. may
become a serious blom to our industry. .... Railway transport is called upon to
intensify its transportation of all manner of raw materials rnd fuel to-the consumers.
Por;erhotrse must finish, as speedily es possible, the complete averhsuling of
turbines ^nd steam boilers, .and assure complete v.ork g orderthroughout the fuel-
carrying railway network. The railv;aye should strive for perfect working order of
a are em of all x ai E a shops without ce t o n
7 October 1947)
3. S ed-Up.. mRlig end Atte dan , Crit3~z
t es railv;a tracks. This is
PEJVD A, SOVIET H0aL' S RVIC ;.
"for a successful realization of this slog (complete the Five-Year Plan in four
yeers), however, it is neeeElsaxy that the railways transport more Bash and rata
materials, a greater quantity of metal and oil products, of lumber and buil..ding
:r.E.'ter idle t machinery,, =d foodstuff e. This is why the country today is listening
CPYRGHT
CPYRGHT
REE TRIC 1: LD
COiU 1DEI T1AL
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. won) 25X1A2g
CPYRGHT
CO IUl4:NTIAI.
CPYRGHT
with satisfaction to the voice of the Donbass, Ural, and Liberian reilzayaen
abo are obligatink, th"eelvea by 1949 to re b a daily average of shipments
prescribed by the Five-Year Plan schedules for 1950. ... (But) in 1948.... the
=11vey?t,will have to solve enormous problems. In the current year, railtry
freight loadings must increase by 14 percent in comparison x1th the year of 1947.
almost anoilf of this entire increase of freight loadings gill have to be serried
by the Donato and the Ura,.Io-Siberian systems. ... In stepping up the turnover of
freight oars, railwaymen as yet leave tiled to reach the tempo envisaged by the
five-Year Plan. It is necessary, day by day, to increase the trains a rate of
speed, to observe strictly the time tables, and loading schedules, insistently
improve the organization of work at the atations, at the loading and unloading
centers.
"Especiel.l,y important i mcng the obligations assumed by the two most important'
systems are the promises to economize fuel and to lower the transport costs. During
the first two years of the Five-Year Plan., the railway transport e.e s whole,
Spent millions ... to excess, and failed to pay back to the State more then 600
million rubles.... Now the railways possess splendid op,ortumities to increase
their income, ... It is necessary vo quickly as possible io liquidate losses
cos to poor management, to introduce efficiency into the man Bement of railetnys,
depots, and stations. ...
'",the railwaymen did not begin their nee year too badly. In January, they fulfilled
the freight loading program, including the loading of coal? metal, and oil
products. The rather favorable winter conditions, hovever, gave rise to
Somplacency.... Yihen, taerefore, the :middle of February sitnesved a cold wave,....
ooal transport, especially the Donbass loadings, fell off; train traffic was
must speedily t
SERVICE, 3 Uarch 1945)
4. Be Railroads end Industrial Tii"gs:
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PEAVDA, SOVIET HO:kE
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On 2 December, PRAVDA requests Soviet industry to give "utmost aid" to the trans-
portarp.ou inauotry, anion Hats not fulfilled this Plan for caml transportation "for
styLe4ae -or tune--more rails metal lumber, more cars aid locomotives fnLihn
v-ays." VIE? ROME SERVICE, 2 December 1947)
I!. INLAND TRANSPORT ADD THE LUMBER SHORTAGE
"This Year (1947),, there Ytas out and brought to the rivers for floating considerably
more lumber than lest year. The... Ministry of Lumber industry alone dumped into
the rivers 6 million cubic meters more of lumber than they had done last year.'
Lumber..* only toquires its value in the economy when it is brought in time to the
mills and building ;;rojects, where it is to be processed.... This is the task of
the lumber-floating orgucnizations,and of the river transport. It is necessary,
however, to point out that, despite the unsatisfactory maztner in which floating is
being conducted, in many places those responsible fail to take any measures for the
immediate improvement of the situation. ... In August and September alone, lumber
deliveries to industry and (the mines?) were short 25,000 carloads of lumber.
"Karelian lumber 'feedst the industry and the building aetivitie. of Leningrad,
a lumber of wood- lp combines, and the wood-processing enterprises of the Karelo-
Finnish Republic Itself. But the lumber floatage work there is proceeding in an
unsatisfactory manner. The danger now exists that hundreds of thousands of cubic
meters of lumber will be caught fast in the ice. A situation no lose serious has
arisen in Belorussia. ... The lumber-floating plan is being, inefficiently put
into efl'eot also-on the Volga an.:. the Ob-Irtysh basin. ... The leading miners
call for more timber to build supports. ...? Because of the poor wortc by the
Ministry of River Transport, the quantity of lumber sent to the Irtysh miner= via
the giber on river u&viption has been sharply curtailed. es. The quantity of
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firewood needed by Moscow hae not yet been delivered, although it needs con-
siderably less elood than in former years, for the part played by coal and' gas
in heating the capital has been much increased. Nor has Leningrad received an
adequate supply of firewood.....
"To organize the logging operations, all mechanical appliances, cranes an4l elevators
must be utilised to the important points where lumber is ooneentrated; one must
fork at these coin
11 October 194?)
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PRAVDA, COVILT HO%tE SERVICE,,
*The increase of river shipping already achieved in the first two years o the
Five-Tear Plan is not sufficient. In the (sections) which had been ocouped by
the Germans, river-born freight turnover lags greatly behind the pre-var level. ...
The tempos of river shipping must correspond to the problems of reconstruction
and uevelopment of the leading branches of industry. The slogan, 'The Fife-Year
Plan in Four Years,' must become the fighting motto of all river transport
workers.
Rust give all conceivable aid to the lumber procurement men, for it is question
of doing away with work stoppages occasioned by the lick of lumber at housing
projects, mines, railways, and paper mills. It is necessary to. route by water as
much mass freight es possible, freight destined for distant points, to develop to
a great extent combined river and railway shippings.... To solve this problem,
the Ministries of river transport and shipping must radically improve them cork
during the navigation season just beginning.
"The Five-Tear Plan prescribes that the river transport men speed up-freigit
deliveries by some 25 percent in comparison with 1940. This most important task
is not being solved in a satisfactory manner by the Ministry of the Fiver Meet.
Last year, the towed-cargo and powered river ships were under way during only about
nn&- +hi nit nP the entireeaploitableperiod, and stood idle the Twat of ththl ti ma _
"Already in the second quarter of the current year, the Ministry of the P,ver
Fleet has to transport almost 30 percent more cargoes than during the corresponding
quarter last year. The demands in regard to the towing of rafts have ineitearsed
considerably; likewise, in the matter of shipping oil, grain, minerhls, building
materiels.... The River transport men (must obtain a highly productive use of
(cargo carriers). It is intolerable that loaded barges should mark time awaiting
toy, vessels which 'got stuck' in the reconditioning shipyard. The aggarOlness in.
the reconditioning of ships must be liquidated at once at..., the Volga, iamct,
the lower Irtysh, Yenisei, Amu-Darya, the lower Amur.
"The second important task of,the river transport men,... is to see tha..t the fleets
are well supplied with cargoes. The principal cargo carried by river is lumber,
which should be floated on rafts while the eater is still deep.... And yet, the
minister of the Lumber Industry of the USSR is not able to fulfill the lumber
(transport) plan. To hasten by every means the transport of lumber is th most
important task of the lumber industry corkers. Local Party and Soviet or? monif ations
cucn extravagance is no Ion= to be " (PRaVDA, SOV1.r, Kunst -skavi E,,
7 April. 1948)
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The need for lumber is again emphasized in a PRAVDA editorial of 16 April Yhioh
points out that the building program in the reilvey, coal, and cellulose d paper
inaustries "will depend in no small measure on the availability of lumber and
"now that the lumber-rafting campaign" has begun, "one must see to it that all
to the last log, be sent floating on time rind
tne consumer. hT HO.u]. SLRVICL, 16 April 1948)
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C. t .RAIUJ1At1 PORT OPERAAIO1 & LAC
"Despite the fact that some ships have been duly repaired and overlusuled, a con-
siderable ;;art of the mercantile fleet is stila. undergoing overhotzl in. dry desks.
The ae&xncsz of the port administration 1s its inability to provide s. sufficient
number or trained ror .ors for the ports. The progress of work carried out by
L`unsy Port troy is far'be1'iind schcciule. To de.te in lcmail port, construction of
the z%ilroed connecting' the port cranes. to the :gain line is inconpleted. Success
of liavi atlon chiefly depends-on the first months when the tide in high. Therefore,
with the' first days of navigation, every cares, brigade and collective must do
their utmost to speed up and better their at*ignulents. Follow the remarkable
example of Ruminsls port ti.orkers: he must... better port installhtione, find out
Speeding loading and unloadine of ships (ir. cssentiel).I (PRlDUNAYFXAYA PftAVDA,
I+NAIL, in Russian, 17 warch 1948)
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