PRINTING AND REPRODUCTION MANUAL

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP78-04718A002700210009-2
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 70
• Document Creation Date: December 9, 2016
• Document Release Date: August 2, 2001
• Sequence Number: 9
• Publication Date: January 1, 1953
• Content Type: MISC

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PRINTING flNU REPRODUCTION MANOAI
1953
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The mention of equipment by trade names in this manual does not imply
that such equipment is the only type available to do the job. Rather, it has been
used for discussion of a type. Other manufacturers produce equipment that is
competitive in every field. It does indicate, however, that by our use we think
it good, dependable equipment..
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Presentation through graphics is as old as mankind. Pre-recorded history
is related in a series of illustrations and hieroglyphic characters. Such re-
cordings have had a twofold purpose: to communicate when verbal and sight
methods were not adequate and for historical purposes.
The importance of these two purposes is more evident today than ever before.
Witness the tremendous effort in research, man-hours, and money expended to
develop new and better techniques and equipment. Such precepts have inflamed
men's minds to action that has resulted in the wide and divergent fields that are
now known as the graphic arts.
Graphic arts have been defined as the vivid expression of ideas through the
media of an illustration or print. Obviously, there are many forms of graphic
arts, of which one is printing and reproduction.
The field of printing and reproduction is often referred to as a technical and
exact science. Visualize the commercial industry that has developed around fac-
simile or photographic reproduction. Then, too, review the tremendous business
of the printing fields including intaglio, offset, and letterpress printing. The mere
listing of chemicals used in the field necessitates a familiarity with the science
of chemistry. Also, millions of dollars are spent annually in paper manufacturing.
This manual, however, is compiled for the lay person who lacks technical
background in the graphic arts. It is intended that it be used to show the different
types of printing and reproduction processes available andto help in determining
the particular process most applicable to a given situation. Three general
methods are discussed; i.e., printing, photography, and bindery processes.
III
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Bindery ................................................54
Bindery Methods .......................................... 53
Camera, 8 x 10 ........................................... 40
Camera-Layout ........................................... 8
Cameras, 16 and 35 mm. .................................... 28
Chart, Bindery Methods ?? ???.'''''''''?..64
Chart, Photographic Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ? ? ? ? . ? . . . . . . . . . . 63
Chart, Printing Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ? ? ? . . . . . . . . . . . ? ? 62
Chart, Printing Processes (With Halftones) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . 61
Chart, Printing Processes (Without Halftones) . . . . . . . . . . ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ' ? ? 60
Composing .............................................. 2
Duplicator, Spirit (Ditto) ..................................... 4
Duplicator, Stencil (Mimeograph) ............................... 6
Enlarger, Microtronic ....................................... 34
Enlarger, Photographic ...................................... 32
Letterpress .............................................. 16
Linotype ................................................ 14
Microfilm Processing ....................................... 30
Motion Pictures ........................................... 46
Ozalid ................................................. 42
Ozaphane ............................................... 38
Photographic Methods ....................................... 27
Photostat ...............................................44
Platemaking, Offset ........................................ 10
Press, Offset ............................................. 12
Printing Methods .......................................... 1
Trimmer, Automatic ........................................ 36
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Bindery .............................................. 56, 57
Camera, 8 x 10 ......................................... -41
Camera-Layout ......................................... 9
Cameras, 16 and 35 mm . .................................. 29
Composing ............................................. 3
Duplicator, Spirit (Ditto) ? . ? ............................ 5
Duplicator, Stencil (Mimeograph) 7
Enlarger, Microtronic ..................................... 35
Enlarger, Photographic .................................... 33
Letterpress . ......................................... 17
Linotype ... .......................................... 15
Microfilm-Processing ........... .................... ... 31
Motion Pictures ......................................... :47
Ozalid ...................... .............. ... 43
Ozaphane .. ........ .................................. 39
Photostat .. ......................................... 45
Platemaking, Offset ....................................... 11
Press, Offset ........., ................................ 13
Trimmer .. ............................................ 37
Duplicator, Spirit (:Ditto) ................ 19
Duplicator, Stencil (Mimeograph) .......... 21
Letterpress ........................ 25
Oz al id ...... ....................... 49
Photostat .... ....................... 51
Press, Offset ....................... 23
VI
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Printing is an omnibus word. There are many kinds of printing processes
that tend to confuse the novice. The three general, basic kinds are relief printing,
planographic printing, and intaglio printing. One example of relief printing is
the ordinary letterpress printing. Offset, photo-offset, lithography, and multilith
are examples of planographic printing. Intaglio printing is gravure, rotogravure,
and engraved printing. Since intaglio printing is used on a limited scale, only
relief and planographic printing will be discussed in this booklet.
Printing as a whole can be divided into two parts; (1) type composition and
(2) the photo-mechanical method of printing. As herein used, printing will
include spirit duplicating, stencil duplicating, offset printing, and letterpress
printing. With the exception of improvement in materials and mechanical skills,
these processes remain basically the same as when they were first discovered.
Spirit duplicating involves the dissolving of a carbon by means of alcohol
and the resultant image being transferred to the paper. Ditto is an example of
spirit duplicating.
Stencil duplicating is accomplished by centrifugally forcing ink through a
porous tissue onto the paper. Mimeograph best describes this process.
Offset printing is the process in which the printing image and the nonprinting
areas appear on a metal plate, both on the same plane or level. Lithography,
photo-lithography, planographing, offset, and photo-offset are terms used inter-
changeably for the process most often referred to as offset printing.
In letterpress, a raised surface composed of type, cuts, etc., stands in
"relief" above the surrounding area and this surface receives a coating of ink
which is then pressed into the paper.
Related equipment used in the above processes will also be discussed in this
section.
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Composing herein relates to copy preparation. An -old axiom in the industry
states that "no reproduction will be better than the original." Conversely, if the
original is of poor quality, the printed copy will be of poor quality. The scope of
composing, therefore, becomes of prime importance.
Most jobs have their inception in some sort of composing section. Generally,
these sections are equipped with versatile equipment to prcduce good original
copy. Typewriters, Vari-typers, justowriters, and electromatic typewriters are
a few of the fnachines that are most commonly used to produce original copy.
Sometimes copy is set on a linotype machine and "reproduction proofs" are pulled
to be used as 9r:iginal copy in the offset method of printing.
Another duty in copy preparation that belongs to the composing section is
that of drafting. This covers all types of forms, charts, overlays, etc., and may
include the use of handlettering or of a Leroy set. This origina:. may then be used
for visual reporting or as one to be reproduced by means of photography. Where
photography is involved, the ideal original will be a high contrast between the
black and white.
1
Of course, in letterpress where the character itself is inked, the character
must be clear and -sharp. Such flaws as broken or -shaggy lines or nicked and
uneven characters will be emphasized in the reproduction process. Blemishes
and imperfections are most easily corrected on the original co: y. Finger marks,
smudges, etc.,' should be carefully avoided.
To eliminate expensive and time-consuming corrections, proofreading,,
editing, and format should be final before copy presentation is started. Dummy
layouts should be made in the composing section. These assure correctness
and alleviate extra work later in the processing.
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 Original Copy Submitted
Result Copy typed from once
used Paper Ribbon
Line Justifies up to 9 in.
Manually
Approx. Price: $600.00
Original Copy Submitted
Result Copy Typed from once
used Paper Ribbon
Advantages . Varied Type Faces
Line 16 in. (Excellent
for Chart Work)
Approx. Price: $955.00
Original Copy Submitted
Result Cuts Tape of Same
Line Justifies up to 9 in.
Automatically
Approx. Price: $5600.00
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Ditto is a trade-mark of Ditto Incorporated. The ditto or spirit process of
printing is basically a dissolving process whereby a ca:rbon is c.issolved and im-
printed on a, sheet of paper.
The ditto master is usually prepared by depositing carbon from a carbon
sheet on the reverse side of the master. Since this can be accomplished with
almost any instrument, this process is readily adaptable to sketches, charts,
etc.; the typewriter is most often used, however, and corrections can easily be
made. Any method of removing the carbon and redepositing it correctly will
suffice. Uniformity in typing assures best results. Coated papers are used
to improve the quality and to make :ink additions easily?
Inasmuch as the carbon is quickly dissolved, the number of -copies is limited.
Usually a hundred copies can be expected with a gradual dimi:iishing of quality
thereafter. The,, process is slow with machine revolutions approximately 1,501)
per hour.
The finished sheet, usually in. purple characters, and purple and white in
appearance, is virtually impossible to use for future photographic processes.
Color work can be accomplished but with poor results, making this method
a waste of both time and money for quality workmanship.
The process and the machine are relatively inexpensive.
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Original Ditto Master
No. Copies Up to 100
Revolutions 1500 per hour
Sheet Size B x 14
Printing Area: S x 13
Color . Very Poor
Ael. Cost Inexpensive
Approx. Price: $550.00
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Mimeograph is the trade-mark of the A. B. Dick Co.; however, its common
usage has come to refer to the duplicating process rather than the company.
Stencil duplicating is one of the most widely used of all off ice duplicating methods.
Mimeograph stencil sheets are made of a porous-base tissue covered with
a coating that is impervious to :ink. Typing or drawing on therm with a -sharp in-
strument pushes the coating aside and exposes the porous 1:issue. The stencil
is wrapped around an inky cylinder and the cylinder is rolled across a piece of
paper. Ink is centrifugally forced through the porous part of the stencil onto the
paper, thus duplicating the message originally typed or drawn,
Effective stencil-duplicated work requires a good stencil, even ink distri-
bution and the right kind of paper. Mimeograph inks dry by absorption neces-
sitating the use of absorbent paper. A good stencil is described as one having
clear, sharp, even characters. Electromatic typewriters are used to obtain best
results. Corrections are made easily by (1) burnishing the error gently using; a
circular motion, (2) covering the error with a thin coating Af correction fluid
and drying, and (3) retyping. Most stencils are pre-printed with instructions as
to the length and depth of the lines that can readily be duplicated.
Colored inks can be used but the difficulty in changing from one ink to
another makes this operation extremely uneconomical. Mimeograph is simple,
quick, relatively inexpensive to produce and it can obtain up to 50!00 copies for
the life of the stencil at the rate of 4000 impressions an hour.
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Original Stencil
No. Copies up to 5000
Revolntions 4000 per hr.
Sheet Size 81 x 14
Printing Area: 7 x 13
Color Very Poor
Rel. Cost Inexpensive
Approx. Price: $300.00
ATTENTION
PRINCIPLE OF MIMEOGRAPH
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In processing an offset job, the original copy goes from the composing
section to the, camera-layout section. Here photographs are taken and negatives
are made of the original copy. The camera is used for enlargir.g, reducing, same
size copying, and color separation.
A negative must be made for every original. In color work where an over..
lay is prepared for each color, negatives must be made for each overlay. This
is called flat color work and is used extensively in map reproduction.
In process color work where the original copy is in color, separation nega-'?
tives must be made. By using filters on the camera, colors are sorted out..
Generally, the work is done in four colors only -- black, yellow, blue, and red yet these are combined by ;means of the process-color technique to reproduce
the browns, grays, greens, purples, oranges, etc. that will appear in the origi-,
nal. This process usually requires a certain amount of hand corrective work:
on the negatives. This is known as hand separation. There may also be addi-
tional cleaning to be done which is known as negative cutting. This is slow,
tedious work and makes color separation very expensive.
Any printing requiring the use of color injects the problem of "register.'
An example of poor register sometimes appears in the funny papers where a
girl's lipstick appears misplaced on the chin or nose. Such conditions as nega-
tive stretch, or paper dimensional changes brought about by humidity change,
accentuate the' problem of register. Skilled technicians plus adequate working
conditions combine to eliminate this problem which must be cvercome for good
color reproduction.
Since inks'; are solid colors and originals may vary, for example, white
through gray to black, some method had to be developed ':o get black ink to
appear gray when printed. This is accomplished by breaking the solid into fine
dots by the use of a contact screen at the camera. Depending on the size of the
dot or the relative white space to the printed area, any gradation can be de-
veloped. This is called halftone and is essential in the reproduction of photo-
graphs.
After all Work necessary has been completed on the negatives, they are im.-
positioned on a layout sheet.. The image is bared and-proper margins, pagina.-
tions, etc. are calculated. This is called a "flat" and is necessary for the plate-
making process. This flat also insures image position exactly as desired in the
finished reproduction.
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 SHADOW ARE_Ae
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Original Copy Submitted
Result Negative
Line Shot 20 x 24 Film
Halftone 20 x 20 Film
Other Positives by Contact
Approx. Price: $2700.00
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The goal''. in offset platema.k:ing is to transfer the image from the negative
or "flat" to a metal plate, There are two methods of preparing plates: one is
known as the albumen process and the other as deep etch.
Since the 'albumen plate takes less time to prepare and w:.ll suffice for -short
runs, this process is more often used in the average print shop. The deep etch
plate is more' difficult to prepare but is advantageous for longs runs.
To prepare an albumen metal plate, the plate must first be cleansed thor-
oughly with water and etched slightly with a weak acid. This is to remove all
corrosion of the metal. The plate is then placed in a heated revolving machine
(whirler) and coated with a light sensitive solution (egg albumen solution, ammon-
ium dichromate, and water). The revolving action assures an even coating, and
the heat drie$ the solution. The plate and "flat" are then plnLced in contact in a
vacuum frame and exposed to an. arc lamp. The rays from the arc lamp penetrate
the clear areas of the negative and react chemically with the solution on the!
plate. After exposure, the ]latent image is perfected by "rubbing up" with a dle-
veloping ink. The plate is then washed again and the unexposed areas wash clean,
leaving an ink deposit on the desired image on the plate.The plate receives a
coating of gum arabic preservative to stop oxidation and is then ready for the
pressroom.
The deep etch process Is much more complicated; some 30 different steps
are involved., However, it is basically a matter of cleansing the plate with an
acid and water and coating it with a deep etch coating solution (gum arabic,
ammonium dichromate, ammonium hydroxide). The plate is then contacted with
a film positive in a vacuum frame and exposed to an arc lamp. After an exposure
has been made from the positive, the plate is developed with a "developer" which
dissolves the unhardened coating out of the image areas. The developed plate is
then etched with a solution which eats out the image areas, A lacquer is next
applied over the etched areas to make them more receptive to greasy ink. After
inking, the hardened gum coating is removed from the noniniage areas and the
plate is ready for the press.
The so.-called paper plates, or direct image plates, are new in the offset
printing field.; They were born of necessity as the industry has striven to speed
up the process and to eliminate the costly operations of photography and plate-
making. They are relatively inexpensive and can be prep,,.red quickly. They
generally are 'prepared with a typewriter using a special grease-.base ribbon,.
Here again, the ultimate desire is to have a clear, sharp character. Disadvantages
include poor quality, short life, and difficulty in making corrections.
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Original Neg. or Pos. Flat
Result Metal Press Plate
Methods Albumen or Deep-etch
Approx. Price: $350.00
PRINCIPLE OF PLATE PROCESS
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OFFSET PRESS
Aloys Senefelder, in attempting to produce music: sheets cheaply, invented
lithographic printing from stones. In 1818, he published his handbook on lithog-
raphy in which.he mentioned the possibility of using zinc plates instead of stone.
It is interesting to note, although mentioned by Senefeld.er, that offset lithography
or offset was ; not developed until almost 100 years afterward. The complete
theory of offset printing rests on the mutual antipathy of water and grease and
the disposition'; of greasy substances to adhere to each other. Preliminary steps
such as the use of the camera and layout and the platemakir..g techniques are
taken to prepare any image as a grease base so that it will have a mutual affin-
ity to the greasy ink. Any offset printing press, regardless of size, is built
around this physical principle.
Any press that implements this theory of offset printing is constructed bas-
ically with (1)' an ink fountain, (2) a water fountain, (3) a plate cylinder, (4) a
cylinder covered with a rubber printing blanket, and (5) an impression cylinder.
In addition, a paper feeder and a delivery rack are essential. Tile complete off-
set printing press synchronizes all of these elements to get the image trans-
ferred or offset from the plate to the paper.
The plate, either paper or metal, is wrapped around the plate cylinder and
securely fastened. As this cylinder revolves, the plate comes into contact with
the rollers of the water fountain. Ile re the fountain solution or water completely
covers the plate and adheres to the nonprinting area but not to the image area
since the image is a grease base. The plate next comes into contact with the ink
rollers of the inkfountain. The ink roller completely covers the plate, but remem-
bering the basic theory, since ink is a grease base, itadheres only to the image
area, also a grease base, and is repelled by the water in all the nonprinting
areas. As the plate continues to revolve, it comes into contact with the cylinder
blanket. The ink picked up by the plate from the ink roll.er is tr2.nsferred to the
rubber blanket of the blanket cylinder. The revolving of the blanket cylinder then
deposits the ink onto the paper pressed against it by the impression cylinder.
Thus, the ink: is literally offset from theplate to the rubber blanket to the paper,
the image on the plate never coming into direct contact with t:ne paper itself.
In color printing, the press must be thoroughly cleaned and re-inked with
each successive color that is used. The same sheet of paper has to travel
through the press each time a different color is laid on. Thus every color has
to be placed in exact relationship to every other color and in so doing the prob-
lem of "register" is introduced. This explains why all equipment must be so
precise and why the operators must be skilled technicians.
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Revolutions 3 to 5000 per hr.
Sheet Size 17 x 22
Printing Ares; l6z x 22
Color Excellent
R.I. Cost Expensive
Approx. Price: $8000.00
OFFSET PRESS
OFFSET CYLINDER
RUBBER BLANKET
IMPRESSION
CYLINDER
PRINCIPLE OF OFFSET PRESS
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Up to this -point, the manual has attempted to explain the offset method of
printing. This section introduces the direct or letterpress method. Here again
the manuscript must be prepared so that it can be used on a letterpress to pro-
duce multiple copies. This is accomplished by hand (arranging foundry type) or
by machine (linotype slugs).
The linotype is not a type setting machine. Instead, it composes with small
brass units having characters indented in the edge. Each character is called a
"matrix" and these matrices are assembled into a line by the use of a keyboard
much the same as a typewriter keyboard. When the operator touches, say, the
letter "L" a matrix for that letter drops into place in the line being set. When
the line is complete, molten metal is forced against the matrices and the re-
sult is a linotype slug.
Two great problems were solved by the linotype machine in displacing the
setting of type by hand. The first was the spacing between words so as to align
the right margin (justify) and the second was the distribution of matrices back
in their own compartments so as to be ready for re-use. The use of the space
band, a wedge, solved the first problem and the second was solved by the appli-
cation of the latchkey principle. Each matrix has a built-in key, like the key to a
Yale lock, which will unlock the door to its own compartment and no other. The
used matrices are automatically pushed, one by one, past each compartment in
the magazine, but each can drop off the distributor bar only when over its own
proper compartment.
After the slugs are cast, they are hand-spaced into page forms and locked in
a chase by compositors. They are then ready for the press.
The linotype is best suited for straight textual material. Tabular material
is best set on a monotype machine. This machine casts an individual character
at a time. It can be spaced as necessary to form the table.
Line cuts or halftone cuts must be prepared by the photoengraving process.
This is accomplished by coating a metal plate, placing it in contact with a film
positive, and exposing it. The nonprinting area is then etched down below the
printing surface of the image and then routed by a routing machine. The metal
plate is next mounted to a wooden block (type high) which is then locked in a
chase and spaced or arranged with the type. It is now ready for the press.
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 .rovedriRelease 2
Resul Type Slugs
Avg. Speed 4000 Ems per hr.
Approx. Price: $10,000.00
1 KEYBOARD
2 MAGAZINE
3 DELIVERY CHANNELS
4 ASSEMBLING ELEVATOR
5 SPACEBAND BOX
6 CASTING MECHANISM
7 GALLEY
8 DISTRUBUTING ELEVATOR
9 DISTRIBUTOR
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Letterpress printing is the most commonly used form of printing as
differentiated from offset., or gravure, etc. It is the oldest printing process and
is used for practically all newspapers and a great many magazines and books.
Letterpress printing is done on the relief principle whereby raised surfaces are
inked and then) pressed against the paper. This principle is utilized in two types
of letterpresses; i.e., the platen press and the cylinder press. The platen press
is one in which a flat surface bearing the paper is pressed against a flat surface
bearing the inked type. The small hand presses are usually platen presses. The
cylinder press has a cylinder bearing the paper which rolls over the inked type.
It must make two revolutions for each impression, as during :he second revolu-
tion no paper; is fed, the cylinder lifting free of the type, and the type sliding
back to its stating point. Some cylinder presses hold the type on a flat bed while
some hold it vertically.
Rotary letterpresses should be mentioned since most newspaper work is
done by this type of press. Rotary presses pass the paper between two cylinders,
one of which holds curved printing plates while the second acts as an impression
cylinder. These are the fastest presses manufactured.
Letterpress printing may be regarded as the norm against which to compare
other processes. It gives sharper, cleaner reproduction of type than any other.
It is always to be preferred when printing is to be done on glossy paper.
The letterpress printing process is capable of producing both very fine and
very cheap results on either very short or very long runs. It is used for printing
the highest quality photographic books as well as the daily newspaper. It can
print with crisper and cleaner letters than any other method. It is unexcelled
for photographs.
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PRINTED SHEET _ PAPER - - T F-h- - -
IMPRESSION
CYLINDER
Original Type Form
No. Copies Unlimited
Revolutions 3 to 5000 per hr.
Sheet Size 14 x 20
Printing Area: 131, x 192
Color Excellent
Rel. Cost . N3cpensive
Approx. Price: $7065.00
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INK FOUNTAIN
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1.
This is a sample of a ditto copy. The ditto master was
cut on an I.B.M. electromatic typewriter.
2.
Number of copies ordinarily furnished:
25 to 100-
3.
Type of work suited to the process
s. Text and tables. -
b. Line drawings.
Copy requirement: Master should be evenly typed with
sufficient carbon deposits.
5.
Size limitation:
a. Largest sheet - x 14
b. Image size - 8 x 13
6. Color limitation: Colors depend. on color of carbon used.
quality of results:
a. Legibility - fair to good.
b. Writing surface - very good.
8. Approximate machine processing speed: 1500 per hour.
9?
Approximate cost per print: .003.
.W 19
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1.
This is a sample of a mimeograph copy. The stencil
was cut on an IBM electromatic typewriter.
2.
Number of copies ordinarily furnished 25 - 5000.
3.
Type of work suited to the process:
a. Text and. tables
b. Forms
4.
Copy requirements: stencil should be cut with even,
clear, sharp characters.
5.
Size limitations:
a. Largest sheet - 8- x14
b. Image size - 7x13
6.
'l.
Color limitation: black on white.
Quality of results:
as Legibility - good
b. Writing surface - poor.
~3.
Approximate machine processing speed:
4000 per hour.
9.
Approximate cost per print: .002.
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 Ill piypvWfPs 1&aoi% WM/l?ngC. -5RFtj -04718A002700210009-2
2. Number of copies ordinarily printed:
a. Paper plates: 50 - 500.
b. Metal plates: 100 - 10,000.
3. Type of work suited to process:
a. Text and tables.
b. Charts and graphs.
c. Photographic halftones (Larger presses).
d. Forms.
e. Drawings.
f. Color work (Larger presses).
4. Copy requirement: Clean, sharp, black characters on white paper.
a. Largest sheet: 17 x 22
b. Image size: 161 x 22
6. Color limitation: Very good color reproduction.
7. Quality of results:
a. Legibility - very good.
b. Writing surface - very good.
8. Approximate machine processing speed: 3000 to 5000 per hour.
9. Approximate cost per page: $ 5.00.
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 Approved For Release 2001/08/10 : CIA-RDP78-04718AO02700210009-2
1. This is a sample of letterpress printing.
2. Number of copies ordinarily printed: 100 to 50,000.
3. Type of work suited to the process :
a. Text and small tables.
b. Forms.
c. Line cuts.
4. Copy requirements : Manuscript.
5. Size limitation :
a. Largest sheet: 14 x 20.
b. Image size : 131/4 x 191/2.
6. Color limitation: Very good color reproduction.
7. Quality of results :
a. Legibility - very good.
b. Writing surface - very good.
c. Type selection - very good.
8. Approximate machine processing speed: 3,000 to 5,000 per hour.
9. Approximate cost per page : $6.00.
25
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 Approved For Release 2001/08/10 : CIA-RDP78-04718AO02700210009-2
Lic tapk[G Ael4ad..4
!/
In recent years, photography has played an increasingly important role in
human progress. Documentary reproduction is one of the most important phases
of modern photographic activity. It is not primarily concerned with photography
as an art but as a science. The aim of photographic reproduction is to achieve an
accurate representation of the original. The modern concept of an original docu-
ment assumes many formats, such as photographs, drawings, paintings, books,
manuscripts, magazines, tracings, etc. A startling example of photo-documentation
may be found in popular picture magazines which utilize a minimum of words and
depends on photography to tell the story.
The essentials for photographic reproduction are surprisingly few: an
original, camera, sensitive material, light, methods for processing and printing,
and sufficient knowledge to combine them in order to produce the desired
result. The tremendous quantity and variety of commercially available equip-
ment and supplies attest to the thorough coverage by the industry.
It is not intended here to go into the scientific facets of photography such as
light, cameras, lenses, filters, papers, and chemicals but instead to explain
representative processes that provide a fairly complete coverage to meet nearly
all photographic reproduction requirements.
It is evident that no one particular piece of equipment or process provides
the solution to all photographic problems. Physical and scientific limitations
require the use of special and complex equipment and supplies. This explains
the large commercial photographic field:
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 Approved For Relq%ss ]8034 (?, 0 tg&IIfAR78-04718A002700210009-2
This branch of photography deals with very small film images and is known
as microphotography. Film sizes, 100 feet in length, of 16 and 35 mm. are
commonly known as microfilm and cameras utilizing these films are known as
microfilm cameras. However, regardless of size, their operation is basically
the same. Each has a light-tight housing for the raw stock, a lens and shutter
for controlling light rays, a copy board for holding the material to be photo-
graphed, and a light source for illumination. All cameras are adjustable in
order to make necessary reductions.
The actual operation of these cameras is not difficult. The material is
placed on the copy board and is held there with a large plate glass. The copy is
illuminated and a light meter is used to determine the correct exposure. The
camera head is then raised or lowered to establish the proper reduction.
Exposure time is established and the shutter is opened and closed forming the
image on the film in the camera housing. The film is then advanced one frame
and the process is repeated.
After the entire roll of film has been exposed, it is taken from the camera
into a dark room for processing.
Microfilming is rapid and comparatively inexpensive. Such tasks as removing
and replacing staples or paper clips, folding and unfolding maps and charts,
repeated raising and lowering of the camera head to adjust for various-size
papers, are very time-consuming and increase costs. This, apparently negligible
set of procedures, is one of the biggest problems facing microfilmers today.
The microfilm industry has enjoyed great expansion during the last decade.
Its greatest utilization comes in storing film instead of originals, thereby
affecting tremendous savings in storage space. Transportation costs are
greatly reduced and the film can be made available to different localities quickly
and easily.
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 Approved For Release 200110 : CIA-RDP78-04718A002700210009-2
Original Copy Submitted
Mex. Orig. Size: Up to 36 x 48 in.
Result . Duplication on 16
or 35 mm. Film
Approx. Price $1500.00
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 Approved For Relea ,FRPl~gM0 8-04718A002700210009-2
The type of equipment used in processing microfilm is usually determined
by the quantity to be processed. The strict amateur processing the 20 or 36
frame rolls will employ equipment such as the Steinman reel. This light-tight
box with concentric partitions is simply a developing tank. Fixing baths and
washing containers have to be provided elsewhere.
A small microfilm processing laboratory will probably utilize deep tanks
when processing 100-foot rolls or, less. These are a series of wooden or metal
tanks about 8 inches wide by 36 inches long by 40 inches deep. Each tank con-
tains a different chemical solution: first, the developer; second, the short.
stop or developer neutralizer. ; third, the hypo; and fourth, the water for washing
the film. A rack is constructed that will fit down into the deep tank. Rolls of
film 100 feet in length are wound around this rack and placed into each tank
successively as the processing proceeds. A photographer constantly agitates,
inspects, and times the film through each of the tanks. Such a system of proc-
essing by these tanks necessitates manipulation in a darkroom. Film can be
dried by hanging on a rack or the process may be speeded ap by use of a re-
volving rack with the application of heat from infra-red lamps,
Concerns processing thousands of feet of microfilm will find the use of
deep tanks too slow. They will invest in an automatic processor such as the
Houston processor. This machine incorporates all the different chemical
baths, washes drying features.. It is built on the flow principle in which the
film constantly moves from one chemical solution to the next throughout total
processing. Development time, fixing time, and washing time are all determined
by the speed of'the machine.
After microfilm has been processed, film duplicates can be made or the
frames can be enlarged and paper prints made.
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 originApprPViimor Rele
Max. Film Size: 16 or 35 mm.
Result Processes Exposed
Ro11 of Film
Approx. Price $9390.00
HYPO-
NEUTRALIZER
SPRAY
WASH
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 Approved For RelegsWd;Wjitl fiI prp4718A002700210009-2
A good enlarger, well designed and accurately made, is an important pre-
requisite for enlarging photographic prints of good quality. It is just as important
as a good camera, both merely being links at the end of a chain of steps leading
from the making of a photograph to the production of a. finished print.
Basically, an enlargement differs from a contact print in that it is made by
projecting a larger image of the negative onto a piece of sensitized paper. To
do this requires that a light source be placed behind. the negative to illuminate
it and that a lens be mounted in front of the negative to project it. An enlarger
therefore consists of a ]light source -- a means of illuminating the negative!
uniformly -- a negative carrier support, a lens and lens support with a bellows
to shield the light rays, and a paper support or easel.
A good enlarger must be sturdily built and have a critically ground lens
and an adequate illumination system. Enlargers may vary in size, but their
operating principles are -basically the same.
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 Approved For Release 2001/08/10 : CIA-RDP78-04713 4002700210009-2
Original . Film Negative
Max. Film Size : Up to 8 x lO in.
Max. Enlargement: Up to 41 x 48 in.
Result Print of Quality
Equal to Negative
Approx. Price $425.00
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 Approved For Releasfi,2RffRW QC RR > [ 04718A002700210009-2
Over the years photographers and technicians in the graphic arts have
attempted to speed up the process of providing a customer with a quality print.
Photographic :printing on. roll paper is a result of this research. The colla-
tion problem is likewise greatly minimized by printing on roll paper. The
microtron:ic enlarger has been developed to provide quality prints, quick proc-
essing, and fast collation.
The micrQtronic printer is an electrically controlled primer with an adjust-
able paper magazine twelve inches in height. It is for the projection of 16,35,
and 70 mm. film. Rolls of paper 350 feet in length are used. It operates auto-
matically advancing the film and paper simultaneously after the exposure has
been made. Exposure is predetermined by taking density readings of the film.
Film having an even density throughout, is quickly and easily printed; however,
that which has; wide density variations has to be printed manually.
The paper' is contained in a. 'light-tight housing until the roll is completely
exposed. It is then ready for processing. A photographic technician is necessary
to operate the machine.
The exposed paper is processed in a processor adapted to handle roll
paper. It is electrically driven and the paper progresses continuously through
baths of developer, short stop, hypo, and water. After emerging, it is dried
on a heat-revolving drum and rewound again into a roll. The speed of the machine
is so calculated that it ensures proper developing, fixing, and washing times
for the paper.'
The rolls of paper are now ready to be cut into individual pages of printed
material.
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 Approve, For Release 2001/08/10 : CIA-RDP78-04718AQQQ7aQ0210,0Qo~:Z,,
Max. Film Size : 16 or 35 mm.
Max. Enlargement: Up to 11 x lk in.
Result Roll of Paper
Prints
Approx. Price $18,360.00
Original Photo. Roll Paper
Result . Processes Photo. Roll
Paper Automatically
Approx. Price: $8125.00
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 Approved For Relea ;2".VQfM :~8-04718AO02700210009-2
This equipment was developed as an integral unit in the processing of micro-
film enlargements on roll paper. Quantity production of the microtronic en-
largers preclude hand trimming of prints.
A photoelectric cell scans the edge of the pape:r as it ti avels through the
machine. A strategically placed dark area on the paper activates the cell which
in turn activates the knife blade causing it to cut the paper. The cut sheets pile
up in a receiving tray collating the pages exactly as they were originally filmed.
The length of the page is determined by the spacing between tiLe dark areas that
activate the photoelectric cell. The width of the page is determined by the width
of the roll paper.
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 Approved For Release 2001/08/10 : CIA-RDP78-04718A002700210009-2
Original : Photo. Roll Paper
Max. Trim Size: Up to 11 x 14 in.
Result Trims and Collates
Prints
Approx. Price : $3867.00
37
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 Approved For Release 20011(IgfAA-RDP78-04718A002700210009-2
Requirements often necessitate the rapid copying of microfilm for distribu-
tion to various recipients. After microfilm has been processed the easiest,
speediest, and most economical method of making prints or duplicates is by the
ozaphane process.
The ozaphane machine produces a duplicate film copy. If the original film
is negative, the duplicated copy wall be negative; if the original is positive, the
duplicated copy will be positive. Also there is no capability for enlarging or
reducing on this machine.
Its chief assets, however, are -speed and economy. Frames are duplicated
at a speed varying from fifty to two hundred frames per minute depending on
density of the original film. The cost of duplicating film is approximately one
cent per frame.
The ozaphane machine contacts the processed microfilm with unexposed
raw film and makes the exposure with a high mercury vapor lamp. The raw
stock is then run through a chamber containing ammonia fumes. The ammonia
reacts chemically with the diazo dyes coupled in the film, and the image is
formed. The film emerges from the chamber dry and ready for use. This film
can be used three different ways: (1) in making paper prints, (2) in making
another film copy, and (3) to be read on a microfilm reader (a simple enlarging
device for projecting the image on glass). Ozaphane prints a:re permanent and
are easily stored. The machine can handle rolls of film up to one thousand
feet in length.
38
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Original Roll Film
Max. Film Size: 16 or 35 mm.
Result . Duplicates on
Film at Size
Approx. Price $4518.00
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'The 8 x 10 camera is similar to a microfilm camera except that it is much
larger and utilizes cut sheets of film instead of roll film. Its use is particularly
adaptable to copying large maps and similar material where color gradation
and maximum detail must be maintained. In any photograpt.ic process where
excessive reductions are made, a certain amount of detail is lost. The use of
an 8 x 10 negative often eliminates the need for excessive reduction with the
resultant retention of minute detail.
The camera produces a negative capable of projecting images on sheets as
large as 40" x 60" when maps and charts are required in such sizes.
The 8 x 10 negative is processed -similarly to other film. It is first developed
in a developing bath, then goes into a short stop, followed by the hypo solution,
and is finally washed thoroughly in water. However, it must be processed indi-
vidually. This size negative does present somewhat of a. storage problem because
of its size.
40
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 Approved For Release 2001/08/10 : CIA-RDP78-04718AO02700210009-2
PRINCIPLE OF AN 8 X 10 CAMERA
OOpy Submitted
M ginni8 Stze: 1~?NeE x 48 in.
ative
Result Price 1324.00
APPrO,,
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 Approved For Release 2001/ASIA-RDP78-047l8A002700210009-2
The ozalid process employs the same principle of diazo dyes and ammonia
fumes as found in the ozaphane ;process. However, in the c2;alid process, the
diazo dyes are coupled in paper instead of film.
To make an ozalid print, the original is placed in contact with dye-coupled
paper and fed into the machine where exposure is made by a high mercury lamp.
The original and exposed paper are then separated, the original returned, and
the exposed. paper processing to an ammonia fumes chamber. Here a chemi-
cal reaction takes place and the image appears on the paper. The paper is ex-
pelled from the machine dry and ready to be used. The Printmaster ozalid
machine is fast, capable of taking a roll of paper fifty-four inches wide and
printing and developing at speeds up to thirty feet per minute.
The ozalid machine is a direct printer. If the original is positive, the copy
will be positive; if negative, a. negative copy will be produced. Also, the machine
is not capable of making enlargements or reductions. It must also be remem-
bered that when using the ozalid process the original must be transparent or
translucent. Linen cloths, films, and foils are types of originals that produce
the best results. Thin onion-skin paper may also be used as an original. Ozalid
paper can be written upon easily and can be folded without difficulty,.
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 Approved For Release 2001/08/10 : CIA-RDP78-04718A002200210009-2
OZALID
Original TRANSLUCENT Copy
Max. Orig. Size: Up to 59 in. Wide
Result Exact Duplication;
i.e., Poe, to Poe.
No. Copies : Up to 25 Neg . to Neg.
Approx. Price : $5976.00
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 Approved For Release 20(~3#W6g p)W-RDP78-04718A002700210009-2
Photostat is a trade name but common usage has established it as a process
of photo-copying on paper.
There are a number of different models of photostat machines ranging from
the standard to the number four continuous models. Some machines just expose
and develop the print; others automatically process the paper completely; and
others are capable of complete processing on both sides of tie paper. Reduc-
tions and enlargements are easily made.
The machine has a copy board; lens and prism; a paper holder; various
developing, fixing, and washing baths; and a dryer, all in one unit. The paper
holder accomodates a roll of paper eighteen inches by three hundred and fifty
feet. When the original is exposed, the paper is wound down and cut off the roll.
The maximum size sheet is eighteen by twenty-four inches. This sheet is then
fastened to a continuous chain which travels the paper through a developing
bath, a fixing bath, and a washing bath. The speed of the machine determines
the developing, fixing, and washing times. Exposure time is determined manu-
ally. The chain ejects the paper to a drying drum. When the paper completes
the cycle of the drum, it is ready for trimming and use. It takes approximately
nine minutes for a print to process from beginning to end. However, since the
machine is continuous, a new print: can be started at intervals of approximately
thirty-six seconds. The photostat produces a reverse print; i.e., if the original
is positive (black on white), the print will be negative (white on black) and
vice versa. Thus, for example, an order requesting the making of one negative
and one positive print will consume virtually twice as much machine time as
a request for two negatives, since the negative must be completely processed
before it can be used in making the positive. The cost of proJucing a negative
is the same as a positive since they are both paper and are rrocessed exactly
the same. Also, cost does not become relatively cheaper with high quantity
since every copy has to be processed by identical steps.
The photostat machine is versatile since filters and various kinds of paper
can be used to improve print quality.
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 Approved For Release 200'~~R~'~ ~'^-RDP~.~718A002700210009-2
PAPER
SUPPLY
1
FINISHED
PHOTOSTATS
Original Copy Submitted
Max. Orig. Size : Up to 36 x 48 in.
Max. Enlargement: Up to 18 x 24 in.
Result Paper Copy
No. Copies Up to 25
Approx. Price $8305.00
45
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 Approved For Release 2MIOBV4BI OP78-04718A002700210009-2
In the most modern up-to-date reproduction plants, facilities for duplicating
motion-picture film will occasionally be found. This is not alone with the idea
of producing commercial "movies" since such a program is complex, technical,
and can become very expensive. However, there is a demand for duplicating
motion-picture film. Often requests are received to duplicate 16 mm., 35 mm.,
or enlarge 16 mm. to 35 mom., or to contact print 16 mm. and 35 mm. motion-
picture film.
Since both 16 and 3 5 mm. motion-picture film and still film can be. processed
by the utilization of the same darkrooms, equipment, and in many instances the
same personnel, the inclusion of motion-picture 'duplicating facilities in a re-
production plant is a logical step.
The Depue Optical Printer is one of the better motion-picture film duplica-
tors. All film to be duplicated mustbe checked for density variations. These
variations are indicated by notches on the original film and are recorded on the
calibration panel of the machine. When the film processes through the printer,
the notched areas activate the calibration panel which automatically controls the
light intensity and this conxpen.sates for density variations in the film. When
duplicating exact size; i.e,., 3:5 to 35 or 16 to 16 mm., the original film is con-
tacted with the new film and exposed to the light unit. However, when duplicating
enlarged or reduced sizes, the image on the original film is projected to the
new film and exposed. The operation of the printer is such that the film is ad-
vanced one frame at a time when action is stopped, exposure made, and then
advanced to the next frame. All. this takes place so rapidly the printer scans
46 feet of 35 mm. and 18 feet of 16 mm. per minute) that it ,ieems continuous.
A sound printer. is necessary to duplicate the sound track on motion-picture
film. Most sound printers are built either for enlargement, reduction, or contact
printing and, therefore, lack versatility of the optical printer. The basic opera-
tion of an enlarging or reducing printer is virtually the same. The raw stock
(which may have been previously exposed by the optical printer) and the origi-
nal film to be duplicated are fed into the printer simultaneously. The original
film may be a sound track or it may be an actual motion-pictui?e firm containing
both the image and sound track. In either case, the sound must be synchronized
with the picture.
When duplicating and reducing a 35 mm. film to a 16 mm. film, the films
proceed, behind a lens which automatically reduces the image and in front of
the light which makes the exposure. The films are then rewound in the proper
receptacles.
Both the optical printer and the sound printer acre installed in darkrooms
since all color and negative duplicating must be accomplished in total darkness.
After the film has been exposed, it is usually processed in an automatic processor
such as the Houston processor. When completely processed and dried, the film
can be projected. 46
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 SPROCKET
PERFORATIONS
Original : Roll Film
Max. Film Size: 16 or 35 M.
Result . Reduce Track from
35 to 16 mm. only
Approx. Price $9257.00
Original Roll Film
Max. Film Size: 16 or 35 mm.
Result Duplication at Size
Reduce 35 to 16 mm.
Enlarge 16 to 35 mm.
Color or Black and White
Approx. Price $7899.00
47
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 Approved For Releas 2001/08/10 CIA-RDP78-04718AO0270021OD09-2
i. This is a sample of an ozalid print.
. Number of copies ordinarily furnished: 1 to 25.
3. Type of work suited to process:
a. Text and tables
b. Drawings
4. Copy requirements: original must be translucent.
5. Size limitation: 54 inches wide by X length, since paper comes in rolls.
6. Color limitation: Black and white or reverse is best. Other colors are
obtainable depending on colored dyes impregnated in different paper.
7. Quality of results:
a. Depends on transparency of original - fair to very good.
b. Writing Surface - good.
8. Approximate machine processing speed: 5 to 10 feet per minute.
9. Approximate cost per 8 x 10 print: .04.
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 1. This is a sample of a photostat print (negative*).
2. Number of copies ordinarily furnished: 1 to 20.
3. Type of work suited to the process:
a. Text and tables.
b. Charts.
c. Drawings.
d. Reprints.
4. Copy requirement: Finished copy can be no better than the original.
5. Size limitation: Largest single sheet is 18 x 24 inches. Capable of en-
larging and reducing.
6. Color limitations: Copies are black and white. Colors are held in grada-
tions of gray.
7. Quality of results:
M
 Approved For Release 2001/08/10 : CIA-RDP78-04718AO02700210009-2
a. Legibility - good to very good.
b. Writing surface: poor.
8. Approximate machine processing spee4, From exposure to completed
print - 9 minutes. Additional copies every 34 seconds.
9. Approximate cost per print: .20.
* Lower half of print is a photostat positive.
51 A
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1 ~'
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!KiL?ty A?Ih6iC1
All printing and reproduction plants must have access to bindery operations
either within their own organization or closely allied thereto. The word "bindery"
can cover a wide range of operations in the graphic arts. Operations from the
simple collating and stapling of documents to the most elaborate sewing, gold
stamping, and casing of books are termed bindery operations.
Some of the large bindery plants , specializing in binding of books, have
large gathering machines, special sewing machines, gluing and pasting machines,
presses and other special types of machinery used in the trade. In these plants,
the cost of equipment alone can easily amount to hundreds of thousands of
dollars.
The discussion of this equipment is not within the scope of this manual, since
the equipment is so large and is not usually found in the average reproduction
plant. Rather, it is our intention to discuss some of the more commonly used
equipment found in the average reproduction plant that is known as finishing
equipment. Such equipment as folding, collating, stapling machines, and drills
are usually sufficient to give the final finishing touches to a document to make
it presentable, usable, and sturdy.
Here, as in other sections of reproduction plants, equipment is designed
to do a specific-job. For example, there are many different makes of folding
machines and also several different sizes of the same make. The manufacturer's
idea, of course, is to provide a machine commensurate in size with any size of
reproduction plant.
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 Approved For Release 2001/M IA-RDP78-04718A002700210009-2
The up-to-date printing plant will "gang" run pages of magazines, documents,
-reports, etc. on the biggest press available, providing the quantities justify the
existence of large equipment. Such practices are for speed and economy and
especially saves manpower in the collating operation.
To take advantage of these labor-saving short cuts, the job must be planned
correctly. The original layout must be such that when the sheet of paper is
printed and folded, pagination will. fall according to plan. Most folding machines
of any size are capable of making both parallel and right-angle t'olds. The number
of parallel. and right-angle folds that can be made usually depends on the size of
the folder. Folders usually have perforating and gluing attachments that make
them versatile machines.
They are constructed with a friction or air-type feeder, various heads for
folding, and a delivery receptacle. They are very accurate in their folding, yet a.
job will have' a more professional look if after folding, it i;a put in a press to
establish the fold more definitely. Documents and reports that have pages folded
usually are trimmed on atleast three sides. Large sheets that 'Lre folded to make
smaller pages; are known as signatures.
After the printed sheet is folded into signatures, the signatures are assembled
in sequence. This assembling process is known as collating. A report folded into
signatures may be collated either from the center of the signature or the signs.,.
tunes may be piled upon each other depending on the original layout. The first
method of collating is utilized when a saddle-stapled book is preferred and the
second when a side staple is requested. Often when a book is side stapled, tape
is glued up they back to -add strength and to cover the staples.
The peculiarities of a given jolo determine whether it can be collated by machine
or whether it is best to collate it by hand. Most small collating equipment can man-
ipulate only single sheets. However, some equipment will handle both single
sheets and signatures. The Macey collator, although designed for single sheets,
will handle four-page signatures. It has eight stations, eacl accommodating a
stock of paper 112 inches high. Each sheet is separated from the next sheet by a
blast of air, then grasped by a pair of rubber suction cups anc. carried to a con-
veyor tray. Automatic raising mechanisms keep the tops of the , tock at the neces-
sary height. A, sensitive gauge checks the thickness of a completed set and -stops
the machine if any variation exists. The collator can be geared as slow as 700
sets per hour, or as fast as 4,000 sets per hour.
After a document has been collated, it must be fastened. This is usually ac-
complished by punching holes and, fastening with Acco fasteners, Chicago screw
posts, or loose-leaf binders; or by stapling with 'wire staples; or by sewing with
a machine.
5
Approved For Release 2001/08/104CIA-RDP78-04718AO02700210009-2
 Approved For Release 2001/08/10 : CIA-RDP78-04718AO02700210009-2
There are a number of different makes of paper drills. There are those that
have only a single drill and those much larger which have adjustable multiple
drills. The Berry drill is an example of the latter type. The standard equipment
is two heads, although as many as five may be operated successfully. It is equipped
with an automatic table lift. Any kind of paper or any thickness of cardboard can
be drilled on this machine. An extractor, operating on the inside of the cutter
mechanism, removes the core from the stock making it impossible to clog the
drill. It drills clean-cut holes any size from 5/32 of an inch to a inch through two
inches of stock in one operation. Minimum spacing between holes is 1; inch and
the maximum 18 inches.
When a more permanent binding is desired, the document will be stitched
with a wire staple. Commercial suppliers of stitching machines usually carry a
complete line of machines capable of stitching documents varying from a few
sheets up to 221 inches in thickness. Small machines are built to handle stitches
up to i inch in thickness and heavy-duty machines stitch thicker documents up to
2-21 inches in thickness. Stitching speeds vary from 100 to 250 stitches per minute.
Approved For Release 2001/08/10 : UA-RDP78-04718AO02700210009-2
 PAPER CUTTER
Original Press Stock
Printed Pages
Result Trims Job to
Finished Size
Approx. Price: $12,605.00
0
0]iginal Printed Pages
Result Stitches Collated
Pages
Approx. Price: $810.00
Original : Printed Pages
Result Gathers Pages
Approx. Price: $5000.00
Approved For Release 2001/08/11: CIA-RDP78-04718AO02700210009-2
 Approved For Release 2001/08/10 : CIA-RDP78-04718A0027T00210009-2
Original : Printed Sheets
Result Parallel or Right
Angle Folds to
Form Signatures
Approx. Price: $6750.00
Original Printed Pages
Result : Drills Roles
for Binding
Approx. Price: $2124.00
Approved For Release 2001/08/10 :SGIA-RDP78-04718A002700210009-2
 Approved For Release 2001/08/10 : CIA-RDP78-04718AO02700210009-2
AiaceClaneawa
ta
Approved For Release 2001/08/10 :5c lA-RDP78-04718A002700210009-2
 Approved For Release 2001/08/10 : CIA-RDP78-04718AO02700210009-2
HOW
TO CHOOSE THE
RIGHT
PRINTING PROCESS
When there are no photographs
or other hoh`-tones
250.000
--- --.....-..----------
100,000
50,000
-'
0,000
s '
------- ----
5,000
-
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-
2,500
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1,000
500
too
25
10
COPIES
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? DArE: I FHB
LA- FIRSTT MIDDLE DAYL MON H YEAAR~
(~ v
0 ` / 1< /9 4/ ,T I
FF
C
I
E (DESIGNATION B LOCATION):
O
.0-
OFFICE - DIVISION BRANCH UILOING ROOM NO. TEL HON
NEW ADDRESS:
STATE COUNTY
? STREET S
CITY
O
.
N
)//
PRESENT ADDRESS: /O, 4 - 3'/ 5. 41P44NGTO~ !/iq . A'` 41,V4 &
HOME TELEPHONE N0: L E ? S - 7 /T MARITAL STATUS: . S/rv4s GE
N
IS THIS INDIVIDUAL'S NAME TO BE INCLUDED IN THE.TELEPHONE DIRECTORY P YES NO I
N
Q
ww
SERIAL
NAME
LL
ORGANIZATION
OFFICE
TELEPHONE
HOME TELEPHONE
a
r
FL
DATE
NO.
L.
OFF. Div. BR.
ROOM BUILDING
NUMBER
EXCHANGE NUMBER
I-
0
DAY M0. YR.
New employees and CIA employees reporting for duty as transfers
from another CIA Office, will be required to furnish all items of
inforpation included.in the body of the Personnel Information Card
form. , '
In the first open space "State Type of Change Here" new appoint-
ments will enter "E.O.D.". Transferees will enter 'IE.O.D. - Trans-
fer".
Administrative Officers or designated personnel will check the
question as to whether the employee's name is to be included in the
CIA Telephone Directory.
The new cards will be forwarded by Administrative Officers to the
Machine Records Branch for preparation of Master and Office file cards.
The Office file card, shown below, will be returned'to the employee's
Administrative Office for inclusion in the Office file. It will be
retained therein until affected by a change or deletion..
Example: Office File Card.
SMITH JANE D,_- GL8 74 1 7 PC 1 044 1 50252
NA E OFFICE PHONE NO. -HOME PHONE N0. OFFICE ROOM N0. BUILDING OATS
The following applicable items must be reported Immediately when an employee (1) enters on duty, (2) changes name, home or office address
or telephcle numb?,(1) transfers to anot#1component of the acincy,or (4) is to be absent froi the agency for more than 30 days in which
case enter the office telephone number of the administrative officer,(5) changes marital status. STATE TYPE OF CHANGE
HER
NAME: on J DArE:
LAST FIg6T MIDDLE AY NTH YEA
OFFICE ESIGNATION a LOCATION):
OFFICE DIVISION BRANCH UILDING ROOM NO. TEL HO NO.
NEW ADDRESS
S T A OIIY N G T 0 VTA E COUNTY
PRESENT DRESS: N 1 0 NJ44 14/ET 1104
HOME TELEPHONE NO: MARITAL STATUS:
IS THIS. INDIVIDUAL'S, NAME TO BE INCLUDED IN THE TELEPHONE DIRECTORY? YES ^ NO ^
n
hc
X
W
1 1 1 1
SERIAL
NAME
ORGANIZATION OFFICE
OFFICE
TELEPHONE
HOME TELEPHONE
DATE
NO.
LL
mar 616
_
_
OFF. DIV. DIN
a
09
AY 1M0. YR. _Vr
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 1 12<
13
4 K it 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 2B 29 30 31 32 3334 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 41 4B 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58,59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 10 71 12 73 74 75 76 17 78 79 80
IO,.I OnOe nn -
 Approved For Release 2061'F6Nhl:U P~6-04718AO02700210069-2
CHANCES
2. Changes
When any one of the items of information on a card is affected
by a change, the card affected will be withdrawn from the Office
file and the new information will be entered in the appropriate
space(s) on the card. The card will then be forwarded to the
Machine Records Branch by the Administrative Officer.
Upon receipt of the "Change" card the Machine Records Branch will
process a new Master and Office file card and return the new Office
file card to-the employee's Administrative Officer for inclusion in
the Office file.
Only the statement as to the type of change, the reporting date
and the items of information affected by the change will be reported.
Examples showing how various types of changes are to be reported
and examples of the new Office file cards reflecting the reported
changes, follow:
(a) Example: Division, Room No. and Office Telephone No.
(a}
a
U
Z
2
a
a:
0
a
J
w
Z
U)
z
W
0
New Office file card
.[ DATE
-- -----_-._. _., _..._... -.. -...P.-,,. ... vn,a,a .,,, ---[, %11 ynvnyea l1UI11e, HUFFS Or OTTIOe oooress
or teleph(le numbl,(l) transfers to anot component of the agincy,or (4) is to be absent fro the agency for more than 30 days in which
e ..
b
f
.5. . - -
case Amp, the office teleph
r
MARITAL STATUS:
YES r,
OFFICE I ROOM No
SAY
ST A 1 A
Y e
T ELEPH ? NOM
ORGANIZATION OFFICE OFFICE HO I DATE:
E TELEPHONE w
J TELEPHON
E
NO.
LL J
OFF. DIV. BR. ROOM BUILDING NUMBER EXCHANGE NUMBER O
OAY MO YR
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 9 10 11 1213 H 15 16 17 19 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 26 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 >/ 39 40 41 42 434445 M 47 46 49 50 51 529T#1, 55 56 57 56 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 61 69 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 79 79 90
IF?M f904ntjo
Sr~1I TH JANE D' 3840 GLB 74 PC1044 150252
NA OFFICE PHONE NO. Home PHONE N0. OFFICE ROOM N0. BUILDING DATE
The following applicable Items must be reported Immediately when an employee (1) enters on dut , (2) changes name, home or office address
or teleph'se numb',(') transfers to onotill component of the a(Ancy,or (4) is to be absent frof the agency for more then 30 days in which
case enter the office.161ephone number of the administrative officer,(5) changes mo-Itol status. STATE TYPE OF CHANGE
HERE 451 QII I PISS
NAME? ' M~4 ~. SZ
Lea4 IDOL DATE:--1 wY -- ,NT' id6' H v_epw
OFFICE (IESIGNATION a LOCATION): 0 1< - / V3~ ~, ~
NEW ADDRESS
M Is
-1-M No.
10 2 SEE 4 S T A Ley YN G T 0
PRESENT DRESS'
y` AT` COUNTY
OIL
HOME TELEPHONE N0:
Is
MARITAL STATUS:
IS THIS INDIVIDUAL'S NAME TO BE INCLUDED IN THE TELEPHONE DIRECTORY Y
ES
N
NO
Y
w I 1
1 1
SERIAL
NO
NAME
ORGANIZATION
OFFICE TELEPHONE
HON
E TELEPHONE
W
DATE
.
OFF. 0", V. BR.
ROOM BUILDING NUMBER
EXCHANGE NUMBER
j
OAY M0. YR
R.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 B 9 10111213141516171819202122
h N
25 26 27
?s 29 70 31 32 33
N 35 36 31 36 31 40 47 42 43 N 45 46 4
,
v
If3M 60?409
7 41 49 50 51 52 S3 54 55 56 57 56 56 w 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 69 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 71179 90
on
um
e
o
the
NAME:-
'41611 ' MIDOI.
FFl no OIVI ION ' I, ? I,CH V4IN6
OFFICE ('ESIGNATION B LOCATION):
NEW ADDRESS'
PRESENT DRESS:
10 4ET- '.0 4 S T
HOME TELEPHONE N07 -H
A 'LI NG 0
IS THIS INDIVIDUAL'S NAME TO BE INCLUDE IN THE TE EPHONE DIRECTORY?
SERIAL
f51 4 GL8 74 1 7~OPC11 4 32K b30 352
OFFICE PHONE NO. HOME PHONE No.m I
Approved For Release 2001/08/10 : CIA-RDP78-04718A002700210009-2
CONFIDENTIAL
 Approved For Release 2001708/10 PC1A- dP78-04718A002700210009-2
(b) Example: Name, Home Address and Home Telephone No.
NA E OFFICE PHONE NO. HOME PHONE N0. OFFICE RCOM N0. BUILDING DATE
The following applicable items must be reported immediately when an employee (1) enters on dut , (2) changes name, home or office address
or teleph(se numb,(') tron,fers to anotfl component of the acjncy,or (4) is to be absent froi the agency for more than 30 days in which
case enter the office telephone number of the administrative officer, (5) changes marital status. STATE TYPE OF CHANGE
HER
A
JI
v
4 E 4 I4th PI1-~aN
NAME'- on ?ETE RS ,AN6 714 n c.o M S-Z?
'
I SM1
DArE
LAST FIRS
MIDDLE
MONTH Y
AR
E
OFFICE ?ESIGNATION a LOCATION):
/~ FFICE DIi?S ION - aR CD LLL _ BUILyIINO - ROOM NOS i.~, TELEPH E N
.3 4 1 -1 0,4 y Pre.,
7 T ET 9 NO
6T T COVN
S T A R L 1
R
N :
'
0 N A
P
:
ESENT fDRESS.
.
.
HOME TELEPHONE NO: 1{'I i~ g O I , MARITAL STATUS: /u A 1?IZ f
IS THIS INDIVIDUAL'S NAME TO BE INCLUDED IN THE TELEPHONE DIRECTORYp YES ^ NO
W
SENI
AL
NAME
4
ORGANIZATION
OFFICE
OFFICE
TELEPHONE
HO E TELEPHONE
w
1
1r
z
DATE
O
Cl:
-
6
1 3 4 5
6 7 8 9 10 1 1 12 13 14 15 16 11 111 19 20 21 2
23
O
OFF. 01 V. BR.
ROOM BUILDING
NUMBER
E%CHANGE NUMBER
N
O
DAY 610. YR.
2
24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 4148 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 51 58 5060 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 Be
New Office file card
PETERS JANE SMITH 641 KIB X3415 PC143Z 0035
NA OFFICE PHONE NO. HOME PHONE N0. OFFICE ROOM N0. BUILDING DATE
The following applicable items must be reported Immediately when an employee (1) enters on duty, (2) changes name, home or office address
l
or te
ep'one nfberB3#ronsffs to onot#1 component of the a ncy
or (4) is to be absent film the a
enc
f
th
,
g
y
or more
an 30 days in which
ca
e
t
th
ffi
s
en
er
e o
ce telephone number of the administrative officer,(5)changes marital status. STATE TYPE OF CHANGE
HERE:
NAME: II FIRS -~ DarE
LBT p
MIDDLE AY_~
MONTIfV q
OFFICE (DESIGNATI1 B LOCATION
OFFICE OIV1610N BR CH BUILDI ROOM NO
TELEPI-10 NO
.
NEW ADDRE1:
R
TFIX . L L E Y AR
A El X A N D R I 6TATE V COUNTY
3 6 8 7
PRESENT ADDRESS: A
-
HOME TEL1PH1NE NO: MARITAL STATUS:
IS THIS INDIVIDUAL'S NAME TO BE INCLUDED IN THE TELEPHONE DIRECTORY? YES ^ NO ^
N
W
1 1
lu
SERIAL
NAME
Tw
ORGANIZATION
OFFICE
OFFICE
TELEPHONE
HO E TELE ONE
W
}
DATE
NO.
O
OFF. DIV713R.1
ROOM BUILDING
NUMBER
%CHANGE NUMBER
F
N
O I
V
AY MO. YR.
1 2 3 4 5
8 7 8 9 10111213141516171819 20 21 22 23 24
25 26 fl
28 29 30 31 32 33
3A
3
.0. .10-4095 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 M 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 E4 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 14 75 76 77 78 79 80
Approved For Release 2001/08/10 : CIA-RDP78-04718A002700210009-2
CONFIDENTIAL
 '-3ETE:-HS J/\NIE SMITH 641 1K18 941 5OPCI432K 200As2
NAM OFFICE PHONE NO. HOME PHONE NO. OFFICE ROOM NO. BUILDING DATE
The following applicable items must be reported immediately when an employee (1) enters on duty, (2) changes name, home or office address
or teleplone nL#-Iber#3*ransfjs to anotl#l Component of the acincy,or (4) is to be absent fl#m the agency for more than 30 days in which
case enter the office telephone number of the administrative officer,(5)changes marital status. STATE TYPE OF CHANGE
HERE: Rams FE
(c) ftyroved For Release 2001/08/10 : CIA-RDP78-04718AO02700210009-2
mp1e: inter Office Transfer
(1) Prepared by Transferring Office and forwarded to Machine Records
Branch.
NAME: I 1 DATE'
LASTT FIRST 1 MIDDLE AV
MONTH Y R
OFFICE (DESIGNATII B LOCATION
' I -OFFICE DIVISION BR CH BUILDI ROOM NO.
TELEPHO NO
NEW ADDREL:
5Tq" T 6 NO. CITY STATE
COUNTY
.
PRESENT ADDRESS: 3?A87 V A L L E D R L E -X A N D R 1 41 V A,
HOME TEL1PH jIE N0: MARITAL STATUS'
IS THIS INDIVIDUALS NAME TO BE INCLUDED IN THE TELEPHONE DIRECTORY? YES ^ NO
1 16 -_
SERIAL
NAME
ORGANIZATION
OFFICE
OFFICE
TELE ONE
HOlE
w
w
I-
z
DATE
NO`
ODIV. BR
ROOM BUILDING
_
%CHANGE NUMBER
O
DAY M0. YR.
3 4 5 6 7 6 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 76 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 3536 3738 3940 41 42 43444546 47 48 49 50 51 52 535455 56 5758 59 60 61 62 636465 66 67 66 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 7980
per ~, .~i
(2) Prepared by O.R.R., the Office receiving the transferee,
and forwarded to Machine Records Branch.
Z
O
a
-0
SERIAL ORGANIZATION OFFICE OFFICE HOME TELEPHONE w ~
NAME F
NO. LL TELEPHONE DATE
LY ~ OFF. OI V. BR. ROOM BUILDING NUMBER EXCHANGE NUMBER V~ai O DAY M0. YR.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 16 19 20 21
22 23 24 25 26 27 26 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 36 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 58 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 08 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80
(3) New Office card prepared by Machine Records Branch and
forwarded to O.R.R.
1 ?J
M Z SOF~5
NAM OFFICE PHONE NO. HOME PHONE NO? OFFICE RCOM N0. BUILDING DATE
The following applicable items must be reported immediatel
when a
l
1
y
n emp
oyee (
) enters on duty, (2) changes name, home or office address
or..teleplone nl#Iber#3*ransf4ls to anotl~l lomponent of the ac
#ncy,or (4) is to be absent fl#m the a
e
f
,
g
ncy
or more than 30 days in which
case enter the office telephone number of the administrative officer
(5) changes marital status
,
. STATE TYPE OF CHANGE
HERE: ^ ^ ^ ^
NAME'
LAST 1 FIRSr 1--1 DArE:
MIDDLE
AY H Y
MO
OFFICE (DESIGNATII B LOCATIONI
OFFICE DIVIS N BR CH BUILDI
ROOM NO. TELE PHO E NO.
NEW ADDRE1:
~,,e
PRESENT ADDRESS: 368S 1 T V NH L L E Y D R A L E RYA N D R I A T?r~/ A OUNTY
HOME TELEPHONE NO: MARITAL STATUS:
IS THIS INDIVIDUAL'S NAME TO BE INCLUDED IN THE TELEPHONE DIRECTORY? YES ^ NO E]
rn
a
LU
W
1
SERIAL
NO
NAME
ORGANIZATIO
N
OFFICE
OFFICE HO E TELE ONE
T
E
I
DATE
.
OFF. DtY.
R
B.
ROOM BUI 114G
g
H z
Q
Y M0. YR.
1 2 3 4 5
6 7 8 9 10 11 IT 13
7.
a
c .?..,
NAME OFFICE PHONE NO. HOME PHONE NO, OFFICE ROOM NO BUILDING DATE
The following applicable items must be reported immediatel
when an
l
1
y
emp
oyee (
) enters on duty, (2) changes name, home or office address
l
or te
ephone number,(3) transfers to another component of the agency, or (4) is to be absent from the agency for more than 30 da
s in which
y
case enter the office telephone number of the administrative officer,(5)changes marital status. STATE TYPE OF CHANGE
HERE:
NAME:_
_ ?IIr7 ,JS J A VE SMI TH
2 SuNE sZ
DArE: .
L45
FIRST MIDDLE
DAY. MONTH YEAR
qq
OFFICE (DESIGNATION B LOCATION): 4/ A Dn~( TAFF --~ B02/02/ 1 OO a y,Z
OFFICE DIVISION RANCH BVILDING ROOM NO NO
B
T
.
ELEPHONE NO.
NEW ADDRESS'
?
STREET d NO. CITY STATE COUNTY
PRESENT ADDRESS: y
'y
~~/.(~`c _A (SON _
~`
/
HOME TELEPHONE NO: K I /Y6 lS^ $4/, MARITAL STATUS:
IS THIS INDIVIDUAL'S NAME TO BE INCLUDED IN THE TELEPHONE DIRECTORY ? YES NO ^
rn
a
w
CONFIDENTIAL
R_TI~RS JANE SMITH 412 K 1 8 41 ORR2
I
 Approved For Release 2001/08/10 CIA-RDP78-04718AO02700210009-2
DELETIONS
Deletions
Master and Office file cards will be removed from the files when
an employee resigns from the agency or is transferred from Washing-
ton, D. C. headquarters.
When such resignations or transfers occur, the Office card will
be withdrawn from the Office file; a statement such as "Resigned",
"Transferred to field" etc. will be entered in the "Remarks" space
on the card; and the card will be forwarded to the Machine Records
Branch.
It should. be noted however, that this procedure does not apply
when an employee is transferred from vouchered to unvouchered funds
and-remains in Washington, D. C. headquarters. Such cases are
processed in the same manner as Inter Office transfers.
Upon receipt of a deletion card in the Machine Records Branch,
the Master card is withdrawn from the Master card file and
destroyed.
E:TE:RS JAIME SMITH 412. K18 3415ORR 121M 1055-2
N4 OFFICE PHONE Not HOME PHONE N0. OFFICE ROOM NO. BUILDING DATE
The following "placable items must be reported immediately when an employee (1) enters on duty, (2) changes name, home or office address
or teleplDne n#berB3#ransf js to anotl lomponent of the 69incy,or (4) is to be absent fam the agency for more than 30 days In which
case enter the office telephone number of the administrative officer,~5)changes marital status. STATE TYPE- OF CHANGE
HERE: s S( 4 Ai-rl
2e SE
'
DATE
NAME: ~ ~
'
FI ST MIDOL[ AY MOI H Y
LAST
OFFICE (OESIGNATI1 B LOCATION I ?
OFFIC! DIVIB N ?R ? CH UILDI ROOM NO. r I IT' ELEHO ^ NO.
T~
NEW ADDREt: COV
3 6T ND~ A LEY D R X1 LE X A N DR ITA : ' A NTY
PRESENT ADDRESS:
HOME TELFH14E NO: MARITAL STATUS:
IS THIS INDIVIDUAL'S NAME TO BE INCLUDED IN THE TELEPHONE DIRECTORY YES ^ NO ^
cn
Y
0:
c
SERIAL
!'!
ORGANIZATION
OFFICE
' OFFICE
TELEPHONE
HOME TELE ONE
w
t
DATE:
NO.
NAME
LL
OFF. DIV? BR.
ROOM BUILDING
NUMBER I
lCHANGE NUMBER
U
DAY M0. YR.
0
6
0
z
0
I-
Q
U.
1 2 3 4 5 8 7 8 9 18 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 4445 46 47 40 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 67 56 58 68 6182 63 64 65 fib 67 66 69.78 71 72 77 74 75 76 77 78 79 90
,IBM 909409
Approved For Release 2001/08/10 : CIA-RDP78-04718A002700210009-2