CHINA'S RAPIDLY DEVELOPING COLD-STORAGE INDUSTRY

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP78-04546A003200020013-3
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 52
• Document Creation Date: December 15, 2016
• Document Release Date: November 13, 2003
• Sequence Number: 13
• Content Type: REPORT

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CHINA'S RAPIDLY DEVELOPING COLD-STORAGE INDUSTRY
/Following is a translation of an unsigned article in the
Japanese-language semimonthly publication of the A`i a Tsushin
Sha (Asia News Service), Chugoku Sangyo Shashin Psushiu (Photos
and Features on Chinese Industry), No. 62, Tokyo, 15 February
1966.7
There has previously been almost no data concerning China's
cold-storage industry and its situation could not be grasped, but
recently there have been several reports concerning this field by the
New China News Agency, and centered on these, we shall present the
status of China's cold-storage industry.
The fact that news concerning China's cold-storage industry has
begun to appear in New China News Agency dispatches and in Chinese
newspapers can be said to show that with recovery from the three con-
tinuous years until 1961 of natural calamities in: China's agricultural
production and the yearly increase in production. of such things a&
meat, eggs, fish, and fruit, necessity for cold storage and refrigera-
tion has arisen during the last few years, and cold-storage warehouses
have been actively built and energy has been devoted to production of
cold-storage machinery and equipment. Formal formation in April 1965
of the Chinese Cold-Storage Methods Association: Preparatory Committee
and the first meeting held on 22 April can be seen as responding to
demands for cold-storage industry development. At the first meeting,
28 staff members were elected and such questions were discussed as the
scope of activity of the association, specialization of various depart-
ments, preparations for establishment of branches in various places,
and draft of a covenant (Takungpao, 11 May 1965)-
240 Commercial Cold-Storage Warehouses in the Entire Country
Twenty-four cold-storage warehouses were built in the entire
country during the half-century from the building of cold-storage
warehouses by British tradesmen in such cities as Wuhan at the end of
the 19th century to the 1949 liberation of the country, and total
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storage capacity did not exceed about 30,000 tons. These cold-storage
warehouses were largely managed by foreign and comprador capital and
were distributed in such ports as Shanghai, Tientsin, Wuhan, and Harbin,
and in production centers, and had as their purpose plundering of farm
products of China's extensive farming villages such as meat and eggs and
transporting of these outside the country (Peking Takungpao, 11 December
1965).
After the liberation, along with development of stock-farming,
the fish industry, and fruit-growing, the broad livelihood of workers
steadily increased and the consumption level of subsidiary food items
greatly increased. In state-operated commercial sectors, cold-storage
warehouses have been constructed one after the other to meet ceaseless
expansion of fresh products development. Especially, more than. 12
cold-storage warehouses were built in Peking, Shenyang, Canton, Chining,
Hengyang, and elsewhere in.1965, commencing business one after the other.
At present, commercial cold-storage warehouses throughout the country
have risen to 240 and their total storage capacity has reached several
hundreds of thousands of tons. There are cold-storage warehouses in
all the country's provinces, cities, and autonomous districts, and in
principal consumption areas for?.meat,egga3, poultry,-, fish, and fruit,
such as. the capitals of every province and autonomous district excepting
the two autonomous districts of Tibet and Ninghsia, and in Peking and
Shanghai, there are commercial cold-storage warehouses with a capacity
of more than 3,000 tons each (Peking Takungpao, 11 December 1965).
In Peking, since the liberation, along with the increase in the
standard of living of the townspeople, the No. 1 Cold-Storage Warehouse
was built in 1955, the No. 2 Cold-Storage Warehouse was built in 1956,,
and since then other warehouses have been built, but recently, as de-
mand for such things as meat, eggs, poultry, and fruit increased, the
storage capacity of previous cold-storage warehouses became inadequate,
and last year, another cold-storage warehouse with a storage capacity
of 10,000 tons was built. This new cold-storage warehouse has a floor
space of 18,000 square meters.., is six stories high, and has ammonia
doling equipment, and a large-sized goods elevator is provided. Tem-
perature in the warehouse goes down to -8 degrees centigrade,, and various
kinds of food products can be stored throughout the year (New China News
Agency, 25 November 1965).
Also, construction of a large-sized cold-storage warehouse was
completed in Wuhan in January of this year and commenced business. The
capacity of the new cold-storage warehouse is 5.7 times. the total storage
capacity of the several cold-storage warehouses which were in the Wuhan
area before the liberation. Technicians and workers who engaged in the
design and construction changed the point that the adiabatic safety
coefficient of foreign cold-storage warehouses is too large and made
thinner by 5 centimeters the floor adiabatic layer of each story, and
thereby, together with saving 40,000 yuan of investment and a large
amount of valuable adiabatic material, increased capacity (New China
News Agency, 5 January 1966).
In Fukien Province, a modern cold-storage plant was built for
the first time in 1958, and by August 1964, the number of cold-storage
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plants had increased to 15. In these cold-storage plants were also
built ice-making, plants and refreshiig,drink plants, and they make ice
for fishing industry, medical, and i.nstrial use and such ,things: as
ice candy and ice cream (Chungkuo Hsinwen, 19 August 1964).:
Large-Sized Cold-Storage Plants: Also at Various Marine Products
Companies
In addition, at such fishing industry bases as Lu-ta, Yentai,
Tsingtao, Shanghai, Chushan, and Nanhai, there are respectively state-
operated marine products companies having modern marine products pro-
cessing plants, ice-manufacturing plants, and cold-storage warehouses,
processing such things as canned fish, frozen fish, frozen shrimp, and
fish starch. Ice manufactured in ice-manufacturing plants is directly
loaded in fishing vessels with automatic transportation equipment and
used for maritime refrigeration (Chungkuo Hsinwen, March 1965).
The marine products company of Yentai in Shantung Province is
one of China's largest fish-processing combines and has a cold-store-ge
warehouse with a storage capacity of 9,000 tons, fresh fish storage,
and an ice-manufacturing room.
Also, China's largest exclusive fishing port is presently under
construction in Dairen and will soon be completed. The water basin of
this fishing port is several tens of meters square and there are such
facilities as more than one kilometer of breakwaters, severallhundred
meters of wharves, a large-sized ice-manufacturing room, and a large-
sized cold-storage warehouse (Chungkuo Hsinwen., 28 January 1966).
Cold-Storage Facilities of Livestock Products Processing Plants
Along with development of the livestock industry, livestock
products processing plants have also gradually been established and are
developing yearly. In the four large stock-raising areas of Inner
Mongolia, Heilungkiang, Kansu, and Tsinghai, there are several tens of
large and medium-sized dairy products plants, and a large number of
small-sized dairy products plants have also been constructed throughout
the country. In Inner Mongolia, which is the country's largest live-
stock-raising district, there are four mechanized dairy products: plants,
two large-sized meat-processing combines, and a large number of medium
and small-sized livestock products processing plants. Also, in addition
to the large meat-processing combines in Wuhan and Pangpu, there are
meat-processing combines in various cities throughout the country. All
of the above dairy products and meat-processing combines have refrigera-
tion equipment.
The Wuhan Meat-Processing Combine is China's largest, and the
entire manufacturing process is mechanized, one day's processing capacity
is from 7,000 to 10,000 head, and it has a five-story cold-storage ware-
house with a storage capacity of 10,800 tons.
The Pangpu Meat and Egg Products Combine is a large-sized food
products plant designed and built by China itself, making more than
100 kinds of meat and egg products, and it has a canning workshop with
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a daily production of 10 tons.
The Hailar Dairy Products Processing Plant processes 150,000
tons of milk annually.
In addition., ventilation refrigeration equipment in food markets
and food stores in various regions is gradually being provided. For
example, Hsitan Food Store, Peking's largest, which opened in 1964, is~
provided with ventilation refrigeration.
Along with expansion and development of meat-processing capacity
and refrigeration facilities as seen above, supply of meat and frozen
meat has greatly increased. For example, communes of the Inner Mongol-
ian Autonomous Region sold more than 2,800,000 head of cattle and sheep
to the state, increasing 33 percent over the same period of the previous
year, and also the same autonomous region's production of frozen meat
and dairy products established an all-time record. Pork and frozen
meat supplied to Shanghai from January through August 1965 by the
neighboring provinces of Kiangsu, Chekiang, and Anhwei increased 60
percent over the same period of the previous year.
Cold-Storage Facilities Cannot Catch Up With Demand
Although China's cold-storage industry has made rapid progress
since the liberation, it is said that it cannot catch up with the in-
crease in production and consumption (Peking Takuhgpao, 11 December
1965). At present, about three fourths of the capacity of commercial
cold-storage-warehouses store pork, and last year the number of hogs
raised reached an all-time record, and since the policy has been
adopted that this will henceforth increase, it is pointed out that the
cold-storage industry must be further expanded. At present, a group
of cold-storage warehouses are under construction, and it is also re-
ported that design of another group of cold-storage warehouses has
begun (same as above).
Cold-Storage Machine Industry Also Rapidly Develops
Before the liberation, university training related to the cold-
storage machine industry and cold-storage machine manufacture was non-
existent, but a cold-storage machine industry has now been established
and for that reason specialist technicians are trained..
There are plants manufacturing cold-storage machinery and equip-
ment such as the Dairen Cold-Storage Machinery Plant, Shanghai United
Refrigeration Machinery Plant, Hangchou Oxygen Manufacturing Machinery
Plant, and Wuhan Cold-Storage Machinery Plant, providing processing
equipment for cold-storage warehouses. In addition, cold-storage freight
cars and mechanically warmed cars are manufactured by the Wuchang
Locomotive and Rolling Stock Plant, and electric refrigerators are also
produced at the Peking Medical Instruments Plant and the Shenyang
Medical Instruments Plant.
The Diaren Cold-Storage Machinery Plant recently successfully
trial-manufactured the model 8AS17 refrigerator, and this new-model
refrigerator has eight cylinders, a weight of three and one half tons,
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and an hourly- production capacity of 450,000 kilocalories. As a result
of appraisal, it is said that the efficiency is good and that it meets
design requirements.
At the Shanghai Refrigeration Machinery Plant, from the end of
1964 to July 1965, the structure of old products such as its own manu-
factured model P-11 and model KD-13 constant temperature and constant
moisture equipment, -80 degrees low-temperature box, and refrigerator
condenser units, as well as more than 10 accessory parts, were re-
modelled. This plant is a small plant with not very good facilities
and more than 300 employees, but for the purpose of responding to de-
mands of the state it has increased production centered on design re-
volution of products and is attaining outstanding results. The model
P-11 constant temperature and constant moisture equipment previously
had the volume of a small room, the production cycle was long, con-
sumption of raw materials was great, and increase of production was
quite difficult. Then, beginning in 1964, by means of design revolution
the volume was reduced to one sixth. As a result, cost was lowered
60 percent, operation time was reduced to less than half, its efficiency
increased one and a half times, and constant temperature and constant
moisture control was more stable. Also, designing a new condenser,
besides solving refrigerant leakage which for a long time had not been
solved, more than 70 tons of copper and 450,000 yuan of funds were
economized last year. The frame of the air-conditioner which had pre-
viously been gaudy and impractical was changed, and by means of that,
the processing time for one frame was reduced by half and cost lowered
to one sixth. Also, the -80 degrees low-temperature experiment box,
which is an important product of the same plant, was thoroughly remod-
elled, and the time necessary to reduce the temperature from room
temperature to the low temperature of -80 degrees was reduced from the
previous eight to ten hours to one and a half hours, electricity consumed
fell from 80 kilowatts to 6 kilowatts, volume of the product was re-
duced to three fourths, weight was made less by three fifths, cost of
the product was reduced 23 percent, and some of the economic: and technical
characteristics exceeded the international advanced level.
By means of the above product design revolution, the production
amount has greatly increased., Previously, the annual average increase
had been from 30 to 40 percent, but the production amount from January
to April of 1965 increased 60 percent as compared with the same period
of the previous year, and quality also advanced greatly.
The Peking Medical Instruments Plant began. production of electric
refrigerators in 1958, and in 1965 it designed and produced a high-grade
electric refrigerator. It is reported that some of the characteristics
of this electric refrigerator surpass foreign first-rate products. The
design and processing method of this new-type electric refrigerator have
already been standardized, and in July of last year 50 were produced.
Also, the Shenyang Medical Instruments Plant succeeded in November of
last year in trial-manufacture of a small-sized refrigerator for the
use of farm village traveling medical units. Its capacity is 50 liters,
its weight only 35 kilograms, and it is convenient to carry. It uses
either electricity or oil and can be used in remote mountain places
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which do not have electricity.
Next, there are cold-storage machinery construction courses and
departments for training of personnel for the cold-storage machine
industry at the Wuhan Machinery College, Shanghai Marine Products
College, Peking Commercial College, and Sian Chiaotung University,
and they have already graduated severa]` groups of students.
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PHOTOS AND FEATURES ON CHINESE INDUSTRY
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This large fishery processing kombinat in Yen-t? ? ai, Shantung Province
is e0uipped with cold storages fresh fish storage and ice making faci-
lity. The cold storage has a capacity of 9,000 tons.
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Inside a cold storage at Yen-t'ai Fishery Kombinat Processing Plant
(storage capacity of 5,000 tons). Picture shows frozen GUCHI [phonetic]
fish.
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Carbonated water producing shop attached to Nov, 3 Plant of Shanghai
Steel Works. This shop provides carbonated water and cool drinks to
sumamr employees. This particular shop produces 40 tons of carbonated
water per day.
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Wuhan Meat Processing Kombinat, a largest of its kind, has been completely
mechanized from slaughtering to processing of meat. This kombinat processes
7,000 to 10,000 heads.,:'Its cold storage has a storage capacity of 10,800
tons.
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Ta-lien Refrigeration Plant succedded in test manufacture of 8 AS 17
type refrigerator.
This is an 8 cylinder machinery weighing 3.5 tons
with a production capacity of h50,000 large calories per hour.
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25X1 CHINA HA-ERH-PIN 45 45 N 126 38 E
Ha-1erh- 1 Univ. Checking sedimentation condition of aluminum
2 5X1 8pf?~ dins 00~(~20 P 63le e dvlpt jointly by Shang-hai
Confidential CIA 1105859
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Checking on sedimentation condition of aluminum alloy through an electron
microscope with magnification power of 100,000 established at a laboratory
at the Harbin Industrial University? This microscope was built jointly
by this university and the Shanghai Optical Instrument Plant.
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25X1
CHINA SHANG-HAI 31 14 N 121 28 E
Shang-hai waucn Fit tudents fr Shang-hai Univ of Sci & Tech assembling
25X1 machinery. 1965.
Confidential (25) CIA 1105861
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Students of Shanghai University of Science and Techn#logy assemblying a
machinery at the Shanghai Watch Plant
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25X1 CHINA
China Univ of
Confidential
PEI-CHING 39 55 N 116 23 E
Sci & Technology automation section.
(4-23)
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A girl student from the Automation Section of the China University of
Science and Technology in Peiping is carrying out an experiment under
the guidance of Hisa P'ei-su, a woman scientist. This China University
of Science and Technology established in 1958 trains high class scientists
and technicians. Chien Hsueh-sen, a specialist in dynamics; Yen Chi-tz'u,
a physicist; Hua Lo-ken, a mathematician; and Chao Chiu-Chang, a geo-physicist
teach at this university.
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25X1 CHINA PEI-CHING 39 55 N 116 23 E
Ching-hua Univ e ectrical engineering section. 1965.
Confidential (4-9) C 5858
O-F
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Research student of Electrical Engineering Section of the Ch'ing-hua
University carrying out experiment at mock up test room to study
electrical system.
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Over 100 graduates who graduated from
Peking Industrial University in 1965
carrying out graduate work at the
Peking People's Machinery elant.
Students and a veteran worker in
the middle are checking a sliding
grinder built out of scrap materials.
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High voltage electric laboratory at Central China Industrial College
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DP78-04546A003200020013-3
F Approued Eor Release 9003119119 -
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ASIA NEWS SERVICE
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25X1 CHINA
CHIN-CHOU
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Vacuum-type e
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manuf.
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Elect.
2'5X1 Furtnace Plt.
1966
F_
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(25)
CIA 1120164
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25X1 CHINA CHIN-CHOU 41 07 N 121 08 E
Microscopes,used to inspect high precis' 'n 'nstrumentsjmanuf.
by Chin-chou Optical Mach. Plt.
Confidential (4,25) CIA 1120165
225X
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25X1 CHINA CHIN-CHOU 41 07 N 121 08 E
Radio sets to a sent to farm in villages, being tested at Hsin-sheng
Prec. Instrument Plt. 1966.
Confidential CIA 1120166
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Approved For Release 2003/12/19 : CIA-RDP78-04546AO03200020013-3
 Approved For Release 2003/12/19 : CIA-RDP78-04546A003200020013-3
25X1 CHINA AN-SHAN IRON & STEEL PLT #1 41 08 N 122 59 E
Industria a evision installed at the chuck rolling mill. Prior to 1966
25X1 _ y (12,23) CIA 1149048
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CHINA TIEN CHING RADIO PLT 712 39 09 N 117 02 E
Television being mass-produced. Prior to 1966.
Official Use Only (23)
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25X1 CHINA SHANG-HAI RDO EQP PLT #3 31 14 N 121 28 E
Inspection of t e Mei-to model 28A 8 transistor radio." Prior to 1966.
25X1 Ins Official Use Only (23,25) CIA 1149046
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CHINA I SHANG-HAI 31 14 N 121 28 E
Radios & phonograp s for sale at a retail store. Prior to 1966.
Official Use only (23,25) CIA 1149045
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