PHOTOGRAPHS AND RELATED TEXT ON CHICOM ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT, RADIO/TV, PRECISION AND SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP78-04546A003200020001-6
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: C
• Document Page Count: 11
• Document Creation Date: December 15, 2016
• Document Release Date: November 13, 2003
• Sequence Number: 1
• Publication Date: March 16, 1967
• Content Type: REPORT

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This material contains information affecting the National Defense of the United States within the meaning of the Espionage Laws, Title
18, U.S.C. Secs. 793 and 794, the transmission or revelation of which in any manner to an unauthorized person is prohibited by low.
COUNTRY
Communist China
REPORT NO.
CR/GR 332/00015-67
SUBJECT
Photographs and Related Text on Chicom
DATE DISTR.
16 March 1967
._n_,--E l.er-tr_oni.....Equipment, . Radio/TV, Precision
and Scientific Instruments NO. PAGES
25X1
DATE OF
INFO.
PLACE &
DATE ACQ.
CIA Photo Accession No.:
SOURCE: Translations of Asia News Service Photos and Features of Chinese Industry,
No. 55, 1 November 1965; No. 62, 15 February 1966; No. 65, 1 April 1966;
No. 69, 1 June 1966; No. 71, pt. 1, 1 July 1966; No. 72, 15 July 1966.
Available in OCR/Graphics Register are photographs on Communist
China's electronic and precision instrument industry and certain aspects
of research and development on program-controlled machine tools at
Ching-hua University, Pei-ching and testing metal stress at the Chia-tung
University, Hsi-an. Subjects covered are analog computer, electronic
microscopes, measuring and detecting devices, electron bombardment
furnaces, prospecting equipment, radio/TV sets and others.
The enclosures to this report are the unedited text from the
publications cited above and are available from the CIA Library. When
detached from this report, they are Unclassifie-d:-
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CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
C-O-N-F-I-D-E-N-T-I-A-L
24 step medium size electronic analog
computer manufactured by Tientsin Electronic
Instruments Plant.
New pulse transistorized ultrasonic meters
to measure metal corrosion developed by
the Shanghai Shipping Transport Scientific
Research Institute and manufactured by the
Chung-yuan Electric Appliance Plant. 1965.
1071967 200,000 power electron microscope.
Universal tool microscope installed in
Precision Machinery Laboratory of Harbin
Industrial College. Photo shows an analysis
being made of errors in a pinion gear.
25X1
GIIOUV 1
f:ntud.d fan oatana5c
d...naodxq and
dnlaaitcatIcn
The dissemination of this documeaf"TS" limited to civilian employees and active duty military personnel within the intelligence components
of the USES member agencies, and to those senior officials of the member *agencies who must act upon the information. However, unless specifically controlled
in accordance with paragraph 8 of DCID J/7, It may be released to those components of the departments and agencies of the U. S. Government directly
part/cipatlpg, in the pprpductfon of National lnhillgence. It SHALL NOT BE DISSEMINATED TO CONTRACTORS. it shall not be disseminated to otganlaa?
tloan or yersonael, Including consultants, under a contractual relationship to the U.S. Government without the written permission of the originator.
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CIA Photo Accession No.:
1087589
1105858
971015
1120164
Microscale calibrated to accommodate a mini-
mum of one microgram and a maximum of two
grams recently manufactured by the Tien-ping
Instrument Plant, Shanghai.
800mm horizontal fully-automatic centrifugal
separator manufactured by the Fan-yung Machinery
and Equipment Plant, Kuang-chou. This separa-
tor, which is vital to the operation of
nitrogenous fertilizer plants, is capable of
producing 4-5 tons of nitrogenous fertilizer
per hour.
Checking on sedimentation condition of alumi-
num alloy through an electron microscope with
magnification power of 100,000 at the Harbin
Industrial University. This microscope was
built jointly by this university and the
Shanghai Optical Instrument Plant.
Experiment in the Automation Section, China
University of Science and Technology,
Pei-ching.
Experiment in the Electrical Engineering Lab.,
Ching-hua University, Pei-ching.
High voltage electric laboratory of the
Central China Industrial College, Wu-han. a
Vacuum-type electron bombardment furnace
manufactured by Chin-chou Electric Furnace
Plant. Furnace is capable of smelting diffi-
cult-to-melt metals. 1966.
Microscope for inspecting high precision
measuring instruments manufactured by Chin-
chou Optical Machinery Plant. 1966.
Testing radio sets at the Hsin-sheng
Precision Instrument Plant, Chin-chou. 1966.
Inspecting Mei-to model 28A 8-transistor
radio at the Shang-hai Radio Equipment
Plant No. 3.
Packaging television sets at the Tien-ching
Radio Plant 712.
Industrial television installed at the chuck
rolling mill of An-shan Iron and Steel Plant.
1966.
Electronic automatic voltmeter manufactured
by the Shang-hai Geological Instrument Plant.
Measures differences in potential of DC meter9
used in geological studies. 1966.
Stone density meter manufactured by Pei-chiitg
Geological Instrument Factory. Measures the
humidity and density of rocks which do not
dissolve in water. 1966.
BaT C3 crystalloid oscillation converter
used in the study of sea-floor earthquakes
and prospecting, Converter changes oscillatory d
movement into electric energy. 4
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T' .
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C-O-N-F-I-D-E-N-T-I-A-L
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CR/GR 332/00015-67
CIA Photo Accession No.:
1147639
Earthquake oscillation converter. Converts
movements of earth's surface into electricity
by means of radio activity and refraction.
1147642 Instrument used to measure absolute age of
granite in Department of Geology, Nan-ching
University. 1966.'
Precision scales with minimum sensitivity of
1 millionth gram and maximum sensitivity of
2 grams manufactured by the Shang-hai Scales
Instrument Plant. 1966.
WT 2B precision scales with maximum capacity
of 20 grams, minimum reading value of 0.01 mg.
manufactured by the Pei-ching Optical Instru-
ment Plant. 1966.
Model GT 2A precision scale with maximum
scale load of 200 gram, minimum reading value
of 0.1 mg. manufactured by the Pei-ching
Optical Instrument Plant.
T4125Z optical jig boring machine manufactured
by Chekiang University shown at China Export
Machines and Instruments show in Hong Kong.
Tolerance of 0.004mm approaches the internation-
al standard.
High precision gear grinder test manufactured
-- -by -the Shang-hai-Chi-Chuang Machine Tool
Plant. Capable of grinding gears up to the
1.6m diameter. 1966.
Electron bombardment furnace produced by the
Shang-hai Electron Furnace Plant. Furnace
is used for refining high fusion rare metals
such as tungsten and molybdenum of high
purity rate.
Distribution of enclosure:
CIA Library -/~
DIA (3)
OCR/FID - 72
ORR/R/M A ~ ?^
OSI/GSD - r
C-O-N-F-I-D-E-N-T-I-A-L
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CR/GR 33200015-67 (6 of 6)
Pictorial Report on Chinese Industry
Semi-Monthly publication
Monthly fee: 3,000 yen
PICTORIAL REPORT ON CHINESE INDUSTRY
PHOTOS AND FEATURES ON CHINESE INDUSTRY
No. 72 (July 15, 1966)
Production of Precision Scales
in China.
Rapidly Progressing Chemical Fertilizer
Production; Development of a Unique
Chinese Way through Technological
Innovation
Asia News Service
Telephone: [phone] (Representative)
Transfer : 195581 Tokyo
3-2 Tsukiji Ch=-4u, Tokyo, Japan
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Precision Instruments
PRODUCTION OF PRECISION SCALES IN CHINA
One-ten millionth of one Gram Super Precision Scales
Recently China has been achieving considerable success in producing
precision scales, which are thus far manufactured in only a few countries
of the world. The most noteworthy one among them is the vacuum-quartz
small-quantity heat scales, whose production, in small numbers, was begun
this year at the Shenyang City Glass Laboratory. It is a super-precision
balance which has a minimum sensitivity of one-ten millionth of one gram.
Test production of these scales was achieved by the Metal Laboratory of
the Chinese Academy of Science, and the Shenyang City G1assb'e,gan their
manufacture.
In a scientific laboratory test, the variation of mass must be observed
often under the condition of vacuum and/or of high heat. Such variation
is extremely small and is difficult to measure without the help of a highly
elaborate balance. The precision small-quantity scales hitherto produced
by China had had a minimum sensitivity of one-millionth of one gram.
Although this balance was so elaborate as to weigh even a piece of cotton
fiber or an ink spot on a piece of paper, it was unable to meet neces-
sities adequately.
The smallest weight used for the newly-produced quartz small-quantity
heat balance, which has a minimum sensitivity of one-ten millionth of one
gram, weighs 0.01 mg. and is finer than human down; and during, the opera-
tion it could be blown away unless the operator stops his breath. This
balance is composed of three parts, namely, vacuum, heat, and balance.
The parts of the balance are set in the vacuum system, are resistent to
high temperature and corrosion, and are made of quartz ;lass which has a
very small factor of expansion. The balance can measure metal or high
temperature test material which is heated to 1,000 degrees centigrade,
and the sensitivity and accuracy of the balance are not at all affected
even by carbondioxide or steam.
One-millionth of one Gram Precision Scales
Produced by the Peking Optical Instrument Manufactory
Although the above points out an epochmaking achievement in the
recent meter.industry in China, the precision small-quantity scales with
minimum sensitivity of one-millionth of one gram are produced at the
Peking Optical Instrument Manufactory and the Shanghai Scales Manufactory.
According to the Jenmin Chipao of January 24, 1966, $$he Peking Optical
Instrument Manufactory succeeded prior to this spring (January of the lunar
calendar) [sic] in the test production of high-precision balance which has
a maximum weighing capacity of 20 grams. According to the report, the
production of this high-precision balance was said to have been possible
only after the ideological struggle of whether or not to tackle the heavy
burden of revolution and achieve a high technological standard. Half a
No. 72, July 15, 1966
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year prior to this, the National Meter Bureau requested this factory to
present a test product of a super high-precision scales. Then there were
a variety of opinions: some supported the request; some were skeptical
about its success; others argued that such a high-precision balance was
produced only in a few countries of the world and that their factory was
not equipped with the necessary means to produce such scales; and still
others maintained that the precision scales hitherto produced in China
reached barely the third-class standard, and a high technological standard
should be achieved step by step; hence second- and the first-alaes test
products should precede the super-class test product. However, it is said
that meanwhile a movement to study the thought of Ma.o Tse-ttini was launched
and the spirit to overcome difficulties to produce this super-class.pre-
cision balance was generated. Thus the key engineers began to review the
up-to-date experiences of the test production of precision small-quantity
scales; and by making the best use of the valuable results of experiences,
they finally succeeded in designing a blueprint for the high-precision
balance. The craftsmen are reported to have, succeeded after?a series of
trials in the test production of all the 400-odd parts needed to make a
high-precision balance in approximately half a year.
One-millionth of one Gram Scales Produced by the
Shanghai Scales Manufactory
According to a telegram dispatched by the New China [News' Agency
from Shanghai on October 17, 1965, the Shanghai Scales Manufactory also
succeeded in producing a precision small-quantity balance which has .a
minimum sensitivity of one-millionth of one gram and a maximum weighing
capacity of 2 grams.
The weight used for this precision small-quantity scales is smaller
than a grain of white confectioners' sugar crystal and can be blown away
even by a single careless breath. The balance has a very keen sensitivity,
and when it is approached by a hand, it is able to sense even so slight
a variation of weight as is caused by the body temperature of man. Con-
sequently, the balance is kept in a controlled-temperature room with a
separator attached outside. Both the materials to be weighed and the
weights to be used are carried in through two "windows" by the revolving
pan of the scales. The windows are always closed and the switch is con-
trolled completely from the outside. This precision balance is used by
a national meter certification authority for the measurement of standard
weight; apart from this, it is necessary for the laboratories and test
rooms of scientific research organizations, universities, and professional
schools when they measure the mass of a matter.
The Shanghai Scales Manufactory which produced this balance also
manufactured in 1960 a small-quantity balance which was capable of weighing
one-two hundred thousandth of one gram. Subsequently, in early 1963, it
received a mission for test production of one-millionth of one gram pre-
cision small-quantity balance and succeeded in its teat production in late
1964. According to the above-mentioned source, in foreign countries, copper
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and aluminium are used for the beam of a precision balance, but the engin-
eers of the factory have made the beam using a more ide ^iis
material is said to be relatively light and to have a high degree of mech-
anical proof, and the effect of heat upon this material to be relatively
small. The manufacture has a margin of error of about one graduation (one-
millionth of one gram), and this index is a considerably advanced one even
by international standards.
In the course of the test production, both the engineers and the workers
made great efforts to overcome the. difficulties associated with revisional
test. The test, of course, must be conducted in a controlled-temperature
room, whose temperature must be fairly high. Since there was no temperature-
control facility in the factory, they built a simple such facility through
their own efforts. As a result of their experiments,- they also discovered
a comprehensive method of testing a precision small-quantity scales, and
thus prepared the necessary condition for the formal production of this
manufacture henceforth.
Shanghai Linung Scales Manufactory and Shenyang
Teko Scales Manufactory
Among other factories which have been promoting the production of high
precision scales are Shanghai Linung Scales Manufactory and Shenyang Teko
Scales Manufactory.
Early last year the Shanghai Linung Scales Manufactory manufactured
three kinds of high precision standard scales with a large weighing capacity,
each having a load capacity of 1 kg, 5 kg, and 20 kg. These standard scales
are the precision gauges necessary for the mining industry, scientific
research organizations, and the laboratories of universities and profes-
sional schools; their respective graduation units are '0.5 mg, 2.5 mg, and
10 mg; and each of them has the precision of one-two millionth of its full
scale. For example, when a 1 kg material is weighed by the 1 kg scales,
even the additional weight of 1.6 cm-long hair is immediately indicated on
the scales.
It is the Teko Scales Manufactory of the Shenyang City which succeeded
in producing China's first second-class 5 kg balance and first-class 1 kg
balance, having been enlightened by Shanghai Linung Scales Manufactory
which is a sister factory of the former. Although the Shenyang factory is
one of the factories in China which started to produce scales relatively
early, it could, until 1965, produce only fifth-class scales of compara-
tively low accuracy. Hence early last year, on the occasion of reviewing
the performance of the factory, various questions were raised and answers
were sought on its inability to produce high-precision scales above the
fourth class.
Traditionally, the scales produced by this factory were an imitation
of foreign products; and because of their complicated structure, much
material was wasted and not only was the cost of ; production, high, but also
the quality of the products was relatively inferior. Within the last few
years, the factory carried out a number of improvements, yet was unable
to achieve a significant breakthrough." Some people thought that it was no
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Precision I struments
mistake to imitate foreigners because the latter had several decades of
experience. in scales production, whereas they themselves were still young,
inexperienced, and lacked in expertise and suitable facilities. Against
such spiritual state, however, the factory branch of the Chinese Communist
Party organized the employees of the factory so that they should learn the
relevant writings of Chairman Mao; and thus by liberating their thoughts
and.elevating their recognition, it succeeded in producing, with a single
leap a fourth-class 5 kg balance. Then some leading members of its
management who were satisfied at this result, took a strong pride in their
achievement.
Before long, however, a group of the "union of the three" -- the
leading members of management headed by the vice chief of the factory,
Chang Chung-Fu, technicians, and laborers -- visited Shanghai Linung
Scales Manufactory, which had been a long-time competitor of the Shenyang
Teko Scales Manufactory, for an observational study. They were very sur-
prised at learning that the Shanghai factory was producing third-olasa
5 kg scales. Upon returning to their factory, they rallied all their vigor
in order to produce second and first-class scales by leaping over the bar-
riers of producing third-class scales, and commenced the engineering and
test-production activities for second-class 5 kg and first-class 1 kg
scales, organizing a small team of the "union of the three" for the test
production of new manufactures. Owing to the herioc ambition of the
employees to overtake and bypass the advanced plants and to their clear
understanding of the significance of catching up at a bound even the seem-
ingly insolvable problems confronted in the course of engineering and test
production were smoothly solved and the two kinds of high-precision scales,
which until then China had never been able to produce, and which were
urgently needed for scientific research organizations and the department
of weights and measures, were produced in only three months.
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,Preaieioh Instruments
A preoision small-quantity balance manufactured by the Shanghai Soalea
Instrument Manufactory with a minimum sensitivity of one-millionth of a
gram and a maximum load capabity of two grams.
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Precision Instruments
Precision balance, Model WT2B manufactured by the Peking Optical
Instrument Manufactory. It has a maximum scale capacity of 20 grams, and
a minimum reading value of 0.01 mg.
No. 72, July: 15, 1966
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Precision balanoe, Model GT2A produced by the Peking Optical Instrument
Manufaotory. It has a maximum scale load of 200 g. and a minimum reading
value of 0.1 mg.
7 No. 72, July 15, 1966
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